{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026page=2","prev":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026page=1","next":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026page=3","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026page=194"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":2,"next_page":3,"prev_page":1,"total_pages":194,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":10,"total_count":1937,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_3132","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Addie Rogers Bound Sheet Music Collection","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_3132#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eTwo bound volumes of sheet music, 1828-1860, which belonged to Addie Rogers, Atlanta Female College. 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The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Addie Rogers was a student at the Atlanta Female College in Atlanta, Georgia during the late 1850's.","Two bound volumes of sheet music, 1828-1860, which belonged to Addie Rogers, Atlanta Female College. Volumes have contemporary tooled leather patch on front cover, \"Addie M. Rogers/Atlantic Female College\" \"Vol. I and II\" \"1860.\"\nInaccessible due to mold.  Please see staff member for assistance.","2 bound volumes of sheet music. Currently inaccessible due to mold. Ask staff for assistance.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","Atlanta Female College (Ga.)","English"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss. 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Ask staff for assistance."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_coll_ssim":["Atlanta Female College (Ga.)"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Atlanta Female College (Ga.)"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Atlanta Female College (Ga.)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T06:40:07.874Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_3132","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_3132","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_3132","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_3132","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_3132.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Rogers, Addie, Bound Sheet Music","title_ssm":["Addie Rogers Bound Sheet Music Collection"],"title_tesim":["Addie Rogers Bound Sheet Music Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1827-1860"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1827-1860"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss. 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Ask staff for assistance."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_coll_ssim":["Atlanta Female College (Ga.)"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Atlanta Female College (Ga.)"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Atlanta Female College (Ga.)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T06:40:07.874Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_3132"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Adele Goodman Clark papers","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_279#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_279#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_279#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_279.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Clark, Adele Goodman, papers","title_ssm":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"title_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1849-1978"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1849-1978"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 9","/repositories/5/resources/279"],"text":["M 9","/repositories/5/resources/279","Adele Goodman Clark papers","Women -- Suffrage -- Virginia -- Richmond","Art -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond","Collection is open to research.","Series I--Correspondence and Family Materials (n.d., 1849-1971) ; Series II--Business/Civic Organization Correspondence (n.d., 1903-1971) ; Series III--Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV) (n.d., 1892-1926) ; Series IV: Richmond League of Women Voters (n.d., 1920- 1978) ; Series V--Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) (n.d., 1915-1967) ; Series VI--The League of Women Voters of Virginia (n.d., 1945-1970) ; Series VII--The National League of Women Voters (n.d., 1919-1947) ; Series VIII--League of Women Voters (n.d., 1946-1976) ; Series IX--Commission on Simplification of State and Local Government (n.d., 1921- 1927) ; Series X--Liberal Arts College for Women Commission (n.d., 1918-1938) ; Series XI--National Reemployment Service (n.d., 1925-1938) ; Series XII--Lila Meade Valentine memorial Association (n.d., 1921-1936) ; Series XIII--Religious Materials ; Series XIV--Art (n.d., 1850-1971) ; Series XV--Ephemera and Photographs (n.d., ca. 1850 - ca. 1970)","A founding member of the Virginia suffrage movement and a prominent supporter of the arts in Virginia, Adèle Goodman Clark (1882-1983) exemplified the influential role civically active women played in the major social reform movements of the twentieth century. Calling politics and art her \"creative spirits\", Clark was involved in a number of reform initiatives throughout her century of life that championed the rights of women and promoted the arts.","The second oldest daughter of Robert Clark (1832?-1906) and Estelle Goodman Clark (1847-1937), Adèle was born in Montgomery, Alabama on September 27, 1882. Before moving permanently to Richmond, the Clark family lived in New Orleans, LA, as well as the small town of Pass Christian, MS. It was in a one room school house in the latter town that Adèle developed a fondness for the arts. After her family moved to Richmond in 1894, Adèle enrolled in the Virginia Randolph Ellett School (now St. Catherine's). Adèle also studied art with Lilly M. Logan, who ran the art school at the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906 she was awarded a scholarship to the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts (the Chase School of Art), where she studied under Kenneth Hays Miller, Douglas Cannal, William M. Chase, and Robert Henri, leader of the \"Ash Can\" school of painting. Upon her return to Richmond, Clark began a teaching career at the Art Club of Richmond. It was here that Adèle began her long association and friendship with acclaimed Virginia artist, Nora Houston. When the Art Club of Richmond was dissolved in 1917, the women went on to establish The Atelier. Under their direction this private art studio, located adjacent to Clark's Chamberlayne Avenue residence, became a training ground for such noted Virginia artists as Edmund Archer, Eleanor Fry and Theresa Pollack (founder of the VCU School of the Arts). Two years later they founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, where they both held the title of artistic director. During this period, they participated in a fundraising campaign for the resurrection of the old Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. Their goal became a reality in 1930 when the new Richmond Academy of Arts, forerunner to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, was established on Capitol Street.*","Clark's interest in the suffrage movement began in 1909 when she was asked by novelist Ellen Glasgow to sign a petition calling for Virginia women to gain voting privileges. On November 27th of that year Clark, along with eighteen other civic-minded women, held a preliminary meeting to discuss the establishment of a state-wide suffrage organization. At this first meeting of what would become the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, Clark was elected secretary, a position she held for one year. She later helped direct legislative initiatives, organized suffrage rallies and went on speaking tours that helped establish new League chapters throughout the state. Clark also served for several years as chair of the ratification committee and head of the Equal Suffrage League lobby to the Virginia General Assembly.","After passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 (which was ratified by Virginia in 1952), the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was transformed into the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV). For nearly two decades Clark played a major role in the VLWV.","Selected as the VLWV's first chair in 1920, Clark became president one year later. She held this position for eighteen years (nonconsecutively). Her work in the VLWV involved constant study of legislation involving social issues and governmental efficiency and administration. In 1924, Clark was elected to the board of the National League of Women Voters (NLWV) as Director of the Third Region. The region included Washington, D.C., Virginia, and six other southern states. The following year she was elected Second Vice President of the NLWV, in which capacity she served until the Spring of 1928. During that period Clark traveled to conventions in twenty-four states on speaking tours. Along with other officers of the NLWV she helped resolve league organizational problems.","In addition to her work for the VLWV and NLWV, Clark also served on two important state government commissions. In 1922, Governor E. Lee Trinkle appointed her to the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government, on which she served for two years as secretary of the Commission. In addition to performing the editorial and clerical work of the Commission, Clark also authored several of the chapters of the Commission's final report (January 1924) to the Virginia General Assembly. Four years later, Governor Harry F. Byrd, Jr. appointed Clark to the Liberal Arts College for Women Commission, on which she also served as secretary. The nine member Commission studied the feasibility of establishing a new liberal arts college for women in Virginia. The second report of the Commission (January 1930), which contained the \"set-up\" of the proposed college [now Mary Washington College?], was the product of research conducted by Clark with the assistance of Commission advisors.","Clark's strong commitment to higher education was exemplified in several other ways. From March - September, 1926, she served as the Social Director of women students at the College of William and Mary. She was also instrumental in the establishment of citizenship courses for women through the University of Virginia's Extension Division. The courses were designed to educate women about the intricacies of governmental institutions.","During the New Deal era, Clark distinguished herself in two important agencies. In 1933, she was selected as a field supervisor for the National Reemployment Service (NRS). Along with the state reemployment director and other field staff, she assisted in the organization of local reemployment offices throughout Virginia. After stepping down as field supervisor for the NRS, Clark became the Virginia Arts Project Director of the Work Projects Administration (WPA). This particular branch of the WPA was created to provide employment opportunities for artists in Virginia. In addition to producing murals for public buildings, artists employed by the WPA executed hundreds of paintings that were then distributed to local and state tax-supported institutions for display. One major accomplishment during Clark's tenure at the WPA was the establishment of new art galleries, such as the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap.","In the later years of her life, Adèle Clark remained active in the Richmond community. After converting to Roman Catholicism in 1942, Clark utilized her political experience as a member of the Richmond Diocesan Council of Catholic Women (RDCCW). From 1949 to 1959 she served as the chair of the RDCCW's Legislative Committee. Clark also continued to speak out against a number of issues affecting women, such as the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and abortion.","Clark remained an active supporter of the Richmond art community. From 1941 to 1964 she was a member of the Virginia Arts Commission. The Commission helped to produce many of the murals and portraits displayed in state government buildings that depict the history of Virginia. Moreover, Clark's dedication to the teaching of art did not wane in these later years. She taught art to both the young and old in hospitals, schools and church classrooms. She also continued to enjoy creating her own artworks. Clark's paintings, mostly portraits and landscapes, have been exhibited in several states. One of her paintings, \"The Cherry Tree\", is in the permanent collection of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.","Clark had a unique perspective on the influence of art on her political ideology. She once stated, \"I've always tried to combine my interest in art with my interest in government. I think we ought to have more of the creative and imaginative in politics.\"","Adèle Clark died at the age of 100 on June 5, 1983.","[Information from newspaper accounts and the Adèle Goodman Clark Papers.]","Teacher of Organization and Parliamentary Law at Suffrage School","Chairman, Committee on Uniform Laws Concerning Women, Chicago, ILL","Chairman of the Committee on International Cooperation to Prevent War, of the NLWV, Miss Morgan was also President of the Colony Club of New York","The Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.","The collection is comprised of five major components, each with its own depth of coverage, usually dependent upon the length of Clark's involvement. The first major component of the collection contains materials pertaining to the Clark and Houston families with their multiple activities, responsibilities and affiliations. The documents in this section include the personal correspondence of Adèle Clark, Nora Houston, and members of both the Clark and Houston families. Correspondence from Estelle Goodman Clark, Cely \"Nainaine\" Ions, and Estelle Adèle Goodman","Willoughby Ions provide a richly detailed account of the more significant events within the Clark-Ions family. Also included is personal, business, and legal correspondence between members of the Goodman family, predating the Civil War, and personal correspondence to Clark and Nora Houston from close friends and associates such as Cornelia Adair, T. Bowyer Campbell, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon and Roberta Wellford. Additional family information is provided by legal and real estate correspondence, biographical sketches, family and genealogical histories, composition books, diaries, journals, and poetry by various members of the Clark and Houston families. Some items of significance include handwritten memoranda and notes, poems, short stories and other fictional material written by Adèle Clark during her lifetime. The Virginia Historical Society holds additional Clark family materials (see Appendices).","The collection also includes correspondence from businesses and civic organizations with which Clark, Edith Clark Cowles, and the Dooley/Houston family were affiliated during their lifetimes. A list of the more significant organizations includes the Virginia Society for Crippled Children and Handicapped Adults, Commission of Inter-Racial (or Interracial) Cooperation, Woodrow Wilson Foundation, National Consumers League, and Social Science Research Council-Committee on Public Administration. There is also correspondence from prominent local and state government officials that further document the political activities and biases of these women. Brochures, memoranda and publications from these organizations are scattered throughout the collection.","While the family correspondence provides information about Clark's early years, the greatest significance of the collection lies in its documentation of the activities of the suffrage movement, both locally and nationally. The collection is particularly strong in its representation of correspondence, reports, memoranda and publications reflecting the sentiments and political positions of both the pro- and anti- suffrage movement from 1913 until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. A large portion of this segment also documents the actions of the post-suffragists in their work through the national, state and local chapters of the League of Women Voters (LWV). Clark's considerable role of participation in the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) in the first two decades of the organization provides an abundant amount of material chronicling the many social and political issues in which local and national LWV members were engaged. Although the documentation of the activities of the LWV continues well into the 1970s, the collection is not as strong for the later years as it is for the earlier period.","The suffrage materials, the second and largest component in the collection, are composed of documentation of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV), Richmond League of Women Voters, the VLWV, and the reorganized League of Women Voters of Virginia (LWVV). The ESLV materials includes correspondence, committee and financial memoranda, convention material, notes, reports and miscellaneous literature. There is a large quantity of outgoing correspondence created by the corresponding secretaries of the ESLV which pertains to the efforts of organizing local suffrage chapters throughout the state and between officers of the ESLV, state and national government officials. Also included is correspondence between ESLV President, Lila Meade Valentine, and women of significance within the suffrage movement including Carrie Chapman Catt, Anna Howard Shaw, Maud Wood Park and Kate Gordon. While there is a substantial amount of correspondence generated by the central office of the ESLV, between 1909-1912 there are some major gaps. A portion of this documentation for the early history of the ESLV can be found at the Library of Virginia (see Appendices). Throughout its eleven year existence, the ESLV compiled an enormous amount of literature on the suffrage movement published by the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), and other organizations. Materials generated by the movement and represented in this portion of the collection include petitions, photographs, enrollment cards, posters, suffrage maps, sashes and other ephemeral items. Additional publications have not been indexed but are available for research.","The bulk of the materials of the remaining suffrage organizations represented in the collection fall within a fourteen year time frame, 1920-1934, and includes President/Executive Secretary correspondence, bulletins, circulars, committee memoranda, and financial statements as well as records relating to the Virginia Cookery Book, the Governor's Ball and the citizenship courses sponsored by the VLWV. Clark also corresponded with the President of the NLWV and other officers in the national organization. The significant correspondents include Maud Wood Park, Belle Sherwin, Katherine Ludington, and Gertrude Ely. Incoming correspondence from prominent Virginia women such as Faith Morgan, Roberta Wellford, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon, Kate Waller Barrett, Mrs. John L. Lewis of Lynchburg, Mrs. John H. Lewis of Ashland, and Mrs C.E. [Jessie] Townsend of Norfolk can be found in both the President/Executive Correspondence files and the Board of Directors/Executive Committee/Standing Committees file of the VLWV.","The records of the VLWV document in great detail the legislative agenda over a fourteen year period. The VLWV materials contain correspondence, circulars, memoranda questionnaires and reports pertaining to the Children's Code Commission, Virginia Women's Council Legislative Chairman of State Organizations and other major committees of the VLWV; revealing which major pieces of legislation were of utmost concern to Clark and the VLWV. Like its predecessor, the VLWV collected a wide variety of literature from state, national and international organizations which championed a spectrum of causes of interest to Clark and her associates. These organizations include the League of Nations Association, National Council for the Prevention of War, National Women's Trade Union League of America, and Southern Council of Women and Children in Industry.","Documentation of the NLWV (1920-1945) and the later reorganized League of Woman Voters of Virginia (1946-presents) includes correspondence and memoranda produced by Clark as Second Vice President in charge of Legislation and Law Enforcement and Third Regional Director for the NLWV. In addition to correspondence, memoranda, minutes, notes and reports there are materials detailing her involvement in nationally sponsored speaking tours throughout several regions of the United States. Items from the national office consist of mimeographed Adèle Goodman Clark correspondence and memoranda, reports, press releases and various publications created by the major standing committees and departments of the NLWV. Clark's activity in both the state and national leagues diminished to a great extent after 1934. Records of the latter local, state and national organizations primarily consists of bulletins, newsletters, and other literature published and distributed by the organizations.","Clark was very involved in the commemoration of the contributions of Lila Meade Valentine to the suffrage movement. The collection contains the organizational records of the Lila Meade Valentine Memorial Association (1921-1937), which was established to raise money for a memorial tablet dedicated to Mrs. Valentine to be placed in the Capitol Building in Richmond. Much of the material consists of correspondence and memoranda between the association's chairperson, Adèle Clark and the individuals who contributed to the memorial fund. There is also correspondence between Clark and the sculptor chosen to produce the memorial tablet. Other material includes financial data, contributors lists, minutes, notes and reports documenting the association's fundraising activities.","The collection of materials related to state and national politics comprises the third major section of the Clark Papers. These materials include correspondence, memoranda, minutes, reports, statistical data, and literature generated by or related to the work of the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government (1921-1927) and the Liberal Arts College Commission (1918, 1929-1933). Material pertaining to both of these government commissions highlight the research and information gathering work undertaken by Clark and the members of these commissions before presentation of the final reports to the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also contains the annotated drafts and proofs of the reports in various stages of development. Correspondence, notes, reports and travel vouchers highlight Clark's duties as a NRS Field Supervisor and her involvement with the National Reemployment Service (1925-1937). Correspondence between Clark and the State Reemployment Director reveal the types of reemployment projects in which the NRS was actively engaged throughout the state. In addition, correspondence between Clark and other field staff demonstrate the extent to which Clark participated in managing local reemployment offices during her tenure with the NRS. Published reports, speeches, manuals, newspaper clippings and other ephemeral materials are also included.","The fourth area of interest of Adèle's, as reflected in the collection, was religion. Included here are the organizational records and personal items documenting the religious activities of Clark, Nora Houston, and several members of the Houston family. It should be noted that Clark was baptized and confirmed in the Episcopal Church and later became a devout Roman Catholic after Nora Houston's death in 1942. Included is correspondence between both women and various religious organizations, church leaflets, pamphlets and prayerbooks, periodicals and other items of a religious nature. Some of the organizations with which Clark and Houston corresponded include the Catholic Woman's Club, National Council of Catholic Women, National Conference on Christians and Jews, and Catholic Daughters of America. Beth Ahabah Museum and Archives holds other materials of a religious nature relating to the Goodman family.","The final component of the collection, second in size only to that of the suffrage and voting rights material, is that of art, particularly art in Virginia. An artist by training, Adèle Clark worked ceaselessly for increased public awareness of the traditions and richness of art within the Commonwealth. To this end, the collection documents the contributions of Clark and her colleagues in the following endeavors: the Art Club of Richmond, Atelier, Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, Richmond Academy of Arts, Virginia Arts Commission, and Works Project Administration-Federal Arts Project. In addition to containing the correspondence relating to the operations of these organizations, the records also contain memoranda, minutes and reports of committees, and materials on exhibitions sponsored by these organizations. Of particular significance are the records of the Academy Committee of the Art Club that document the committee's role in attempting to resurrect the arts academy. Materials relating to the WPA and the Virginia Arts Commission emphasize Clark's substantial role in making the public a more active player in the promotion of the arts. Clark's monthly and narrative reports on several WPA art galleries, as well as data on the Index of American Design, provide a detailed account of the variety of art projects the WPA underwrote in Virginia.","The collection also contains a range of art and art school publications, art supply advertisements, catalogs, exhibition bulletins and notices from local and national art institutions. A small number of drawings, sketches and miscellaneous artwork created by Adèle Clark, Nora Houston and other artists are also represented. Some of the more notable pieces include Clark's original lithograph \"Richmond Market at Christmas\", copies of Nora Houston's house sketches and artwork produced by children of various ages. Lastly there are numerous kinds of illustrations and reproductions that Clark and Houston utilized in their art classes.","Significant portions of the collection are in fragile condition, particularly newspaper clippings and photographs. Reference copies of the photographs are available for use. A large portion of the clippings have been photocopied and the process will continue as time and staff permit.","Special Collections has also purchased suffrage and related materials. Please ask a staffmember for information about these supporting items.","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousins.","Relationship: Mother of Adèle Clark. Nicknames include \"Dree,\" \"Muzzie,\" and \"Pouncey.\"","Relationship: Father of Adèle Clarke.","Relationship: Father of Julius D. Cowles who was married to Adèle Clark's sister Edith.","Relationship: Older sister to Adèle Clarke, married to Julius \"Jules\" D. Cowles, her nicknames include \"Baby,\" \"Deetie,\" and \"Binn.\"","Relationship: Adèle Clarke's neice, daughter of Edith and Julius Cowles, married to James Cox.","Relationship: Younger sister of Adèle Clarke, married to G. Frank Dew, her nicknames include \"Trudie,\" Trudee,\" and \"Teedee.\"","Relationship: Maternal uncle to Adèle Clark.","Relationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clark.","Relationship: Cousin related to the Clarke family.","Relationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clarke and her godmother, married to Robert Ions. Also nicknamed \"Nainaine.\"","Relationship: Adèle's cousin, daughter of Cely and Robert Ions. She went by the name Willoughby.","Relationship: Sister of Robert Ions.","Relationship: Adèle Clarke's uncle, married to Cecile \"Cely\" Goodman Ions. Nicknames include \"Godpa\" and \"Berto.\"","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.","Relationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Mary Dooley Jones.","Relationship: friend of Adèle, became a priest in the Episcopal Church.","Relationship: Estelle Goodman Clark's brother.","Relationship: Adèle's cousin, son of Cely and Robert Ions.","Relationship: Sister of Josephine Dooley Houston and Mary Dooley Jones.","Relationship: Cousin of Alice Dooley.","Relationship: Daughter of Josephine and Henry Houston.","Relationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Josephine Dooley Houston.","[merged with the restored Academy in the spring of 1930]","[grew out of the Atelier and later merged with the Academy]","Includes children's art work, art club material, instructional material; Japanese print.","Two labeled \"Class Room Building--State Teacher's College, Farmville, Virginia--Frank F. Stone Architect, Roanoke, Virginia, July 10, 1944\"; a third blue print labeled \"Improvements to Employees Cottage as suggested by Art Commission, May 5, 1944\"; fourth labeled \"Temporary Employee Cottage, Division of the Budget, March 29, 1944\";drawing for inscription of building \"Julian H. Burruss Hall\" labeled \"Teaching and Admin. Building, Va. Polytechnic Inst., Blacksburg, VA - Carneal, Johnston \u0026 Wright Architects \u0026 Engineers, Richmond, Virginia.\"","Various institutions to Benjamin Franklin Dew Jr., 1930s-1940s.","Entitled \"Proposed Store For Mr. S.W. Farran - Designed by W.R. Snapp, 1107 Penn St. N.E.\"","Capitol Area of Richmond, undated; Map of Richmond and Environs, Department of Public Works, 1923; Drawn map of Richmond's North Side.","Depicts status of women's suffrage (framed and fragile).","Suffrage era map - \"The Woman Voter and the next President of the United States\" - showing which states women can vote and which ones women cannot vote.","All with heading of the Virginia League of Woman Voters and labeled as follows: Congressional Districts Organized; Counties having some form of organization; Counties and cities holding citizenship schools; Virginia League of Women voters organized November 10, 1920; Number of Leagues organized; and one unlabeled.","Large flyer on which states have compulsory school attendance, 1921; map of Virginia by Virginia Department of Agriculture and Immigration; a chart compiled by Lucia R. Maxwell on International Socialism 1922-1923, showing various woman's organizations; poster of Anchor Line Twin Screw Geared Turbine Steamer named the \"California\"; Centennial Memorial of United States--Declaration of Independence, published by Baltimore and Ohio Railroad; Victory Liberty Loan poster; anti-war poster; poster of mechanized man and horse; Virginia Society for Human Life poster; League of Women Voters poster \"Vote\" (2 posters); sheet music: \"Votes for Women\" - Suffrage Rallying Song.","(includes items on women's suffrage; voting habits; a  Richmond News-Leader,  Suffrage Supplement, and an article on paintings at Richmond Woman's Club; an article by Adèle Clark; several pages of the  Richmond Times-Dispatch,   November 2, 1933 about the Community Fund; Atlanta Journal, June 12, 1919 article on U.S. Senate passing suffrage amendment; front page of  Richmond Times-Dispatch,   January 1, 1929, article on what Virginia leaders would like to see in 1929, includes article by Adèle Clark.","Majority of the photographs are from the Equal Suffrage League or Virginia League of Women Voters' events. All of these photographs have been reproduced and can be found elsewhere in Series XVII.","Two different posters on the prevention of war; a Department of the Interior, Bureau of Education poster entitled \"How and Why to Stand Correctly\" 1918; a draft version of a poster by the Equal Suffrage League with typewritten history of suffrage in Virginia and the printed finished copy.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives","English"],"unitid_tesim":["M 9","/repositories/5/resources/279"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"collection_ssim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"creator_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"creators_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women -- Suffrage -- Virginia -- Richmond","Art -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women -- Suffrage -- Virginia -- Richmond","Art -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["128 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["128 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Restrictions on Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I--Correspondence and Family Materials (n.d., 1849-1971) ; Series II--Business/Civic Organization Correspondence (n.d., 1903-1971) ; Series III--Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV) (n.d., 1892-1926) ; Series IV: Richmond League of Women Voters (n.d., 1920- 1978) ; Series V--Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) (n.d., 1915-1967) ; Series VI--The League of Women Voters of Virginia (n.d., 1945-1970) ; Series VII--The National League of Women Voters (n.d., 1919-1947) ; Series VIII--League of Women Voters (n.d., 1946-1976) ; Series IX--Commission on Simplification of State and Local Government (n.d., 1921- 1927) ; Series X--Liberal Arts College for Women Commission (n.d., 1918-1938) ; Series XI--National Reemployment Service (n.d., 1925-1938) ; Series XII--Lila Meade Valentine memorial Association (n.d., 1921-1936) ; Series XIII--Religious Materials ; Series XIV--Art (n.d., 1850-1971) ; Series XV--Ephemera and Photographs (n.d., ca. 1850 - ca. 1970)\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series I--Correspondence and Family Materials (n.d., 1849-1971) ; Series II--Business/Civic Organization Correspondence (n.d., 1903-1971) ; Series III--Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV) (n.d., 1892-1926) ; Series IV: Richmond League of Women Voters (n.d., 1920- 1978) ; Series V--Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) (n.d., 1915-1967) ; Series VI--The League of Women Voters of Virginia (n.d., 1945-1970) ; Series VII--The National League of Women Voters (n.d., 1919-1947) ; Series VIII--League of Women Voters (n.d., 1946-1976) ; Series IX--Commission on Simplification of State and Local Government (n.d., 1921- 1927) ; Series X--Liberal Arts College for Women Commission (n.d., 1918-1938) ; Series XI--National Reemployment Service (n.d., 1925-1938) ; Series XII--Lila Meade Valentine memorial Association (n.d., 1921-1936) ; Series XIII--Religious Materials ; Series XIV--Art (n.d., 1850-1971) ; Series XV--Ephemera and Photographs (n.d., ca. 1850 - ca. 1970)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA founding member of the Virginia suffrage movement and a prominent supporter of the arts in Virginia, Adèle Goodman Clark (1882-1983) exemplified the influential role civically active women played in the major social reform movements of the twentieth century. Calling politics and art her \"creative spirits\", Clark was involved in a number of reform initiatives throughout her century of life that championed the rights of women and promoted the arts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe second oldest daughter of Robert Clark (1832?-1906) and Estelle Goodman Clark (1847-1937), Adèle was born in Montgomery, Alabama on September 27, 1882. Before moving permanently to Richmond, the Clark family lived in New Orleans, LA, as well as the small town of Pass Christian, MS. It was in a one room school house in the latter town that Adèle developed a fondness for the arts. After her family moved to Richmond in 1894, Adèle enrolled in the Virginia Randolph Ellett School (now St. Catherine's). Adèle also studied art with Lilly M. Logan, who ran the art school at the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906 she was awarded a scholarship to the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts (the Chase School of Art), where she studied under Kenneth Hays Miller, Douglas Cannal, William M. Chase, and Robert Henri, leader of the \"Ash Can\" school of painting. Upon her return to Richmond, Clark began a teaching career at the Art Club of Richmond. It was here that Adèle began her long association and friendship with acclaimed Virginia artist, Nora Houston. When the Art Club of Richmond was dissolved in 1917, the women went on to establish The Atelier. Under their direction this private art studio, located adjacent to Clark's Chamberlayne Avenue residence, became a training ground for such noted Virginia artists as Edmund Archer, Eleanor Fry and Theresa Pollack (founder of the VCU School of the Arts). Two years later they founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, where they both held the title of artistic director. During this period, they participated in a fundraising campaign for the resurrection of the old Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. Their goal became a reality in 1930 when the new Richmond Academy of Arts, forerunner to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, was established on Capitol Street.*\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark's interest in the suffrage movement began in 1909 when she was asked by novelist Ellen Glasgow to sign a petition calling for Virginia women to gain voting privileges. On November 27th of that year Clark, along with eighteen other civic-minded women, held a preliminary meeting to discuss the establishment of a state-wide suffrage organization. At this first meeting of what would become the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, Clark was elected secretary, a position she held for one year. She later helped direct legislative initiatives, organized suffrage rallies and went on speaking tours that helped establish new League chapters throughout the state. Clark also served for several years as chair of the ratification committee and head of the Equal Suffrage League lobby to the Virginia General Assembly.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 (which was ratified by Virginia in 1952), the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was transformed into the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV). For nearly two decades Clark played a major role in the VLWV.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSelected as the VLWV's first chair in 1920, Clark became president one year later. She held this position for eighteen years (nonconsecutively). Her work in the VLWV involved constant study of legislation involving social issues and governmental efficiency and administration. In 1924, Clark was elected to the board of the National League of Women Voters (NLWV) as Director of the Third Region. The region included Washington, D.C., Virginia, and six other southern states. The following year she was elected Second Vice President of the NLWV, in which capacity she served until the Spring of 1928. During that period Clark traveled to conventions in twenty-four states on speaking tours. Along with other officers of the NLWV she helped resolve league organizational problems.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to her work for the VLWV and NLWV, Clark also served on two important state government commissions. In 1922, Governor E. Lee Trinkle appointed her to the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government, on which she served for two years as secretary of the Commission. In addition to performing the editorial and clerical work of the Commission, Clark also authored several of the chapters of the Commission's final report (January 1924) to the Virginia General Assembly. Four years later, Governor Harry F. Byrd, Jr. appointed Clark to the Liberal Arts College for Women Commission, on which she also served as secretary. The nine member Commission studied the feasibility of establishing a new liberal arts college for women in Virginia. The second report of the Commission (January 1930), which contained the \"set-up\" of the proposed college [now Mary Washington College?], was the product of research conducted by Clark with the assistance of Commission advisors.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark's strong commitment to higher education was exemplified in several other ways. From March - September, 1926, she served as the Social Director of women students at the College of William and Mary. She was also instrumental in the establishment of citizenship courses for women through the University of Virginia's Extension Division. The courses were designed to educate women about the intricacies of governmental institutions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDuring the New Deal era, Clark distinguished herself in two important agencies. In 1933, she was selected as a field supervisor for the National Reemployment Service (NRS). Along with the state reemployment director and other field staff, she assisted in the organization of local reemployment offices throughout Virginia. After stepping down as field supervisor for the NRS, Clark became the Virginia Arts Project Director of the Work Projects Administration (WPA). This particular branch of the WPA was created to provide employment opportunities for artists in Virginia. In addition to producing murals for public buildings, artists employed by the WPA executed hundreds of paintings that were then distributed to local and state tax-supported institutions for display. One major accomplishment during Clark's tenure at the WPA was the establishment of new art galleries, such as the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn the later years of her life, Adèle Clark remained active in the Richmond community. After converting to Roman Catholicism in 1942, Clark utilized her political experience as a member of the Richmond Diocesan Council of Catholic Women (RDCCW). From 1949 to 1959 she served as the chair of the RDCCW's Legislative Committee. Clark also continued to speak out against a number of issues affecting women, such as the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and abortion.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark remained an active supporter of the Richmond art community. From 1941 to 1964 she was a member of the Virginia Arts Commission. The Commission helped to produce many of the murals and portraits displayed in state government buildings that depict the history of Virginia. Moreover, Clark's dedication to the teaching of art did not wane in these later years. She taught art to both the young and old in hospitals, schools and church classrooms. She also continued to enjoy creating her own artworks. Clark's paintings, mostly portraits and landscapes, have been exhibited in several states. One of her paintings, \"The Cherry Tree\", is in the permanent collection of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark had a unique perspective on the influence of art on her political ideology. She once stated, \"I've always tried to combine my interest in art with my interest in government. I think we ought to have more of the creative and imaginative in politics.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAdèle Clark died at the age of 100 on June 5, 1983.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e[Information from newspaper accounts and the Adèle Goodman Clark Papers.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTeacher of Organization and Parliamentary Law at Suffrage School\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChairman, Committee on Uniform Laws Concerning Women, Chicago, ILL\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChairman of the Committee on International Cooperation to Prevent War, of the NLWV, Miss Morgan was also President of the Colony Club of New York\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["A founding member of the Virginia suffrage movement and a prominent supporter of the arts in Virginia, Adèle Goodman Clark (1882-1983) exemplified the influential role civically active women played in the major social reform movements of the twentieth century. Calling politics and art her \"creative spirits\", Clark was involved in a number of reform initiatives throughout her century of life that championed the rights of women and promoted the arts.","The second oldest daughter of Robert Clark (1832?-1906) and Estelle Goodman Clark (1847-1937), Adèle was born in Montgomery, Alabama on September 27, 1882. Before moving permanently to Richmond, the Clark family lived in New Orleans, LA, as well as the small town of Pass Christian, MS. It was in a one room school house in the latter town that Adèle developed a fondness for the arts. After her family moved to Richmond in 1894, Adèle enrolled in the Virginia Randolph Ellett School (now St. Catherine's). Adèle also studied art with Lilly M. Logan, who ran the art school at the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906 she was awarded a scholarship to the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts (the Chase School of Art), where she studied under Kenneth Hays Miller, Douglas Cannal, William M. Chase, and Robert Henri, leader of the \"Ash Can\" school of painting. Upon her return to Richmond, Clark began a teaching career at the Art Club of Richmond. It was here that Adèle began her long association and friendship with acclaimed Virginia artist, Nora Houston. When the Art Club of Richmond was dissolved in 1917, the women went on to establish The Atelier. Under their direction this private art studio, located adjacent to Clark's Chamberlayne Avenue residence, became a training ground for such noted Virginia artists as Edmund Archer, Eleanor Fry and Theresa Pollack (founder of the VCU School of the Arts). Two years later they founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, where they both held the title of artistic director. During this period, they participated in a fundraising campaign for the resurrection of the old Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. Their goal became a reality in 1930 when the new Richmond Academy of Arts, forerunner to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, was established on Capitol Street.*","Clark's interest in the suffrage movement began in 1909 when she was asked by novelist Ellen Glasgow to sign a petition calling for Virginia women to gain voting privileges. On November 27th of that year Clark, along with eighteen other civic-minded women, held a preliminary meeting to discuss the establishment of a state-wide suffrage organization. At this first meeting of what would become the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, Clark was elected secretary, a position she held for one year. She later helped direct legislative initiatives, organized suffrage rallies and went on speaking tours that helped establish new League chapters throughout the state. Clark also served for several years as chair of the ratification committee and head of the Equal Suffrage League lobby to the Virginia General Assembly.","After passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 (which was ratified by Virginia in 1952), the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was transformed into the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV). For nearly two decades Clark played a major role in the VLWV.","Selected as the VLWV's first chair in 1920, Clark became president one year later. She held this position for eighteen years (nonconsecutively). Her work in the VLWV involved constant study of legislation involving social issues and governmental efficiency and administration. In 1924, Clark was elected to the board of the National League of Women Voters (NLWV) as Director of the Third Region. The region included Washington, D.C., Virginia, and six other southern states. The following year she was elected Second Vice President of the NLWV, in which capacity she served until the Spring of 1928. During that period Clark traveled to conventions in twenty-four states on speaking tours. Along with other officers of the NLWV she helped resolve league organizational problems.","In addition to her work for the VLWV and NLWV, Clark also served on two important state government commissions. In 1922, Governor E. Lee Trinkle appointed her to the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government, on which she served for two years as secretary of the Commission. In addition to performing the editorial and clerical work of the Commission, Clark also authored several of the chapters of the Commission's final report (January 1924) to the Virginia General Assembly. Four years later, Governor Harry F. Byrd, Jr. appointed Clark to the Liberal Arts College for Women Commission, on which she also served as secretary. The nine member Commission studied the feasibility of establishing a new liberal arts college for women in Virginia. The second report of the Commission (January 1930), which contained the \"set-up\" of the proposed college [now Mary Washington College?], was the product of research conducted by Clark with the assistance of Commission advisors.","Clark's strong commitment to higher education was exemplified in several other ways. From March - September, 1926, she served as the Social Director of women students at the College of William and Mary. She was also instrumental in the establishment of citizenship courses for women through the University of Virginia's Extension Division. The courses were designed to educate women about the intricacies of governmental institutions.","During the New Deal era, Clark distinguished herself in two important agencies. In 1933, she was selected as a field supervisor for the National Reemployment Service (NRS). Along with the state reemployment director and other field staff, she assisted in the organization of local reemployment offices throughout Virginia. After stepping down as field supervisor for the NRS, Clark became the Virginia Arts Project Director of the Work Projects Administration (WPA). This particular branch of the WPA was created to provide employment opportunities for artists in Virginia. In addition to producing murals for public buildings, artists employed by the WPA executed hundreds of paintings that were then distributed to local and state tax-supported institutions for display. One major accomplishment during Clark's tenure at the WPA was the establishment of new art galleries, such as the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap.","In the later years of her life, Adèle Clark remained active in the Richmond community. After converting to Roman Catholicism in 1942, Clark utilized her political experience as a member of the Richmond Diocesan Council of Catholic Women (RDCCW). From 1949 to 1959 she served as the chair of the RDCCW's Legislative Committee. Clark also continued to speak out against a number of issues affecting women, such as the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and abortion.","Clark remained an active supporter of the Richmond art community. From 1941 to 1964 she was a member of the Virginia Arts Commission. The Commission helped to produce many of the murals and portraits displayed in state government buildings that depict the history of Virginia. Moreover, Clark's dedication to the teaching of art did not wane in these later years. She taught art to both the young and old in hospitals, schools and church classrooms. She also continued to enjoy creating her own artworks. Clark's paintings, mostly portraits and landscapes, have been exhibited in several states. One of her paintings, \"The Cherry Tree\", is in the permanent collection of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.","Clark had a unique perspective on the influence of art on her political ideology. She once stated, \"I've always tried to combine my interest in art with my interest in government. I think we ought to have more of the creative and imaginative in politics.\"","Adèle Clark died at the age of 100 on June 5, 1983.","[Information from newspaper accounts and the Adèle Goodman Clark Papers.]","Teacher of Organization and Parliamentary Law at Suffrage School","Chairman, Committee on Uniform Laws Concerning Women, Chicago, ILL","Chairman of the Committee on International Cooperation to Prevent War, of the NLWV, Miss Morgan was also President of the Colony Club of New York"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdele Goodman Clark papers, Collection # M 9, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers, Collection # M 9, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is comprised of five major components, each with its own depth of coverage, usually dependent upon the length of Clark's involvement. The first major component of the collection contains materials pertaining to the Clark and Houston families with their multiple activities, responsibilities and affiliations. The documents in this section include the personal correspondence of Adèle Clark, Nora Houston, and members of both the Clark and Houston families. Correspondence from Estelle Goodman Clark, Cely \"Nainaine\" Ions, and Estelle Adèle Goodman\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilloughby Ions provide a richly detailed account of the more significant events within the Clark-Ions family. Also included is personal, business, and legal correspondence between members of the Goodman family, predating the Civil War, and personal correspondence to Clark and Nora Houston from close friends and associates such as Cornelia Adair, T. Bowyer Campbell, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon and Roberta Wellford. Additional family information is provided by legal and real estate correspondence, biographical sketches, family and genealogical histories, composition books, diaries, journals, and poetry by various members of the Clark and Houston families. Some items of significance include handwritten memoranda and notes, poems, short stories and other fictional material written by Adèle Clark during her lifetime. The Virginia Historical Society holds additional Clark family materials (see Appendices).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also includes correspondence from businesses and civic organizations with which Clark, Edith Clark Cowles, and the Dooley/Houston family were affiliated during their lifetimes. A list of the more significant organizations includes the Virginia Society for Crippled Children and Handicapped Adults, Commission of Inter-Racial (or Interracial) Cooperation, Woodrow Wilson Foundation, National Consumers League, and Social Science Research Council-Committee on Public Administration. There is also correspondence from prominent local and state government officials that further document the political activities and biases of these women. Brochures, memoranda and publications from these organizations are scattered throughout the collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhile the family correspondence provides information about Clark's early years, the greatest significance of the collection lies in its documentation of the activities of the suffrage movement, both locally and nationally. The collection is particularly strong in its representation of correspondence, reports, memoranda and publications reflecting the sentiments and political positions of both the pro- and anti- suffrage movement from 1913 until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. A large portion of this segment also documents the actions of the post-suffragists in their work through the national, state and local chapters of the League of Women Voters (LWV). Clark's considerable role of participation in the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) in the first two decades of the organization provides an abundant amount of material chronicling the many social and political issues in which local and national LWV members were engaged. Although the documentation of the activities of the LWV continues well into the 1970s, the collection is not as strong for the later years as it is for the earlier period.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe suffrage materials, the second and largest component in the collection, are composed of documentation of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV), Richmond League of Women Voters, the VLWV, and the reorganized League of Women Voters of Virginia (LWVV). The ESLV materials includes correspondence, committee and financial memoranda, convention material, notes, reports and miscellaneous literature. There is a large quantity of outgoing correspondence created by the corresponding secretaries of the ESLV which pertains to the efforts of organizing local suffrage chapters throughout the state and between officers of the ESLV, state and national government officials. Also included is correspondence between ESLV President, Lila Meade Valentine, and women of significance within the suffrage movement including Carrie Chapman Catt, Anna Howard Shaw, Maud Wood Park and Kate Gordon. While there is a substantial amount of correspondence generated by the central office of the ESLV, between 1909-1912 there are some major gaps. A portion of this documentation for the early history of the ESLV can be found at the Library of Virginia (see Appendices). Throughout its eleven year existence, the ESLV compiled an enormous amount of literature on the suffrage movement published by the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), and other organizations. Materials generated by the movement and represented in this portion of the collection include petitions, photographs, enrollment cards, posters, suffrage maps, sashes and other ephemeral items. Additional publications have not been indexed but are available for research.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the materials of the remaining suffrage organizations represented in the collection fall within a fourteen year time frame, 1920-1934, and includes President/Executive Secretary correspondence, bulletins, circulars, committee memoranda, and financial statements as well as records relating to the Virginia Cookery Book, the Governor's Ball and the citizenship courses sponsored by the VLWV. Clark also corresponded with the President of the NLWV and other officers in the national organization. The significant correspondents include Maud Wood Park, Belle Sherwin, Katherine Ludington, and Gertrude Ely. Incoming correspondence from prominent Virginia women such as Faith Morgan, Roberta Wellford, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon, Kate Waller Barrett, Mrs. John L. Lewis of Lynchburg, Mrs. John H. Lewis of Ashland, and Mrs C.E. [Jessie] Townsend of Norfolk can be found in both the President/Executive Correspondence files and the Board of Directors/Executive Committee/Standing Committees file of the VLWV.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe records of the VLWV document in great detail the legislative agenda over a fourteen year period. The VLWV materials contain correspondence, circulars, memoranda questionnaires and reports pertaining to the Children's Code Commission, Virginia Women's Council Legislative Chairman of State Organizations and other major committees of the VLWV; revealing which major pieces of legislation were of utmost concern to Clark and the VLWV. Like its predecessor, the VLWV collected a wide variety of literature from state, national and international organizations which championed a spectrum of causes of interest to Clark and her associates. These organizations include the League of Nations Association, National Council for the Prevention of War, National Women's Trade Union League of America, and Southern Council of Women and Children in Industry.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDocumentation of the NLWV (1920-1945) and the later reorganized League of Woman Voters of Virginia (1946-presents) includes correspondence and memoranda produced by Clark as Second Vice President in charge of Legislation and Law Enforcement and Third Regional Director for the NLWV. In addition to correspondence, memoranda, minutes, notes and reports there are materials detailing her involvement in nationally sponsored speaking tours throughout several regions of the United States. Items from the national office consist of mimeographed Adèle Goodman Clark correspondence and memoranda, reports, press releases and various publications created by the major standing committees and departments of the NLWV. Clark's activity in both the state and national leagues diminished to a great extent after 1934. Records of the latter local, state and national organizations primarily consists of bulletins, newsletters, and other literature published and distributed by the organizations.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark was very involved in the commemoration of the contributions of Lila Meade Valentine to the suffrage movement. The collection contains the organizational records of the Lila Meade Valentine Memorial Association (1921-1937), which was established to raise money for a memorial tablet dedicated to Mrs. Valentine to be placed in the Capitol Building in Richmond. Much of the material consists of correspondence and memoranda between the association's chairperson, Adèle Clark and the individuals who contributed to the memorial fund. There is also correspondence between Clark and the sculptor chosen to produce the memorial tablet. Other material includes financial data, contributors lists, minutes, notes and reports documenting the association's fundraising activities.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection of materials related to state and national politics comprises the third major section of the Clark Papers. These materials include correspondence, memoranda, minutes, reports, statistical data, and literature generated by or related to the work of the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government (1921-1927) and the Liberal Arts College Commission (1918, 1929-1933). Material pertaining to both of these government commissions highlight the research and information gathering work undertaken by Clark and the members of these commissions before presentation of the final reports to the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also contains the annotated drafts and proofs of the reports in various stages of development. Correspondence, notes, reports and travel vouchers highlight Clark's duties as a NRS Field Supervisor and her involvement with the National Reemployment Service (1925-1937). Correspondence between Clark and the State Reemployment Director reveal the types of reemployment projects in which the NRS was actively engaged throughout the state. In addition, correspondence between Clark and other field staff demonstrate the extent to which Clark participated in managing local reemployment offices during her tenure with the NRS. Published reports, speeches, manuals, newspaper clippings and other ephemeral materials are also included.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe fourth area of interest of Adèle's, as reflected in the collection, was religion. Included here are the organizational records and personal items documenting the religious activities of Clark, Nora Houston, and several members of the Houston family. It should be noted that Clark was baptized and confirmed in the Episcopal Church and later became a devout Roman Catholic after Nora Houston's death in 1942. Included is correspondence between both women and various religious organizations, church leaflets, pamphlets and prayerbooks, periodicals and other items of a religious nature. Some of the organizations with which Clark and Houston corresponded include the Catholic Woman's Club, National Council of Catholic Women, National Conference on Christians and Jews, and Catholic Daughters of America. Beth Ahabah Museum and Archives holds other materials of a religious nature relating to the Goodman family.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe final component of the collection, second in size only to that of the suffrage and voting rights material, is that of art, particularly art in Virginia. An artist by training, Adèle Clark worked ceaselessly for increased public awareness of the traditions and richness of art within the Commonwealth. To this end, the collection documents the contributions of Clark and her colleagues in the following endeavors: the Art Club of Richmond, Atelier, Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, Richmond Academy of Arts, Virginia Arts Commission, and Works Project Administration-Federal Arts Project. In addition to containing the correspondence relating to the operations of these organizations, the records also contain memoranda, minutes and reports of committees, and materials on exhibitions sponsored by these organizations. Of particular significance are the records of the Academy Committee of the Art Club that document the committee's role in attempting to resurrect the arts academy. Materials relating to the WPA and the Virginia Arts Commission emphasize Clark's substantial role in making the public a more active player in the promotion of the arts. Clark's monthly and narrative reports on several WPA art galleries, as well as data on the Index of American Design, provide a detailed account of the variety of art projects the WPA underwrote in Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also contains a range of art and art school publications, art supply advertisements, catalogs, exhibition bulletins and notices from local and national art institutions. A small number of drawings, sketches and miscellaneous artwork created by Adèle Clark, Nora Houston and other artists are also represented. Some of the more notable pieces include Clark's original lithograph \"Richmond Market at Christmas\", copies of Nora Houston's house sketches and artwork produced by children of various ages. Lastly there are numerous kinds of illustrations and reproductions that Clark and Houston utilized in their art classes.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSignificant portions of the collection are in fragile condition, particularly newspaper clippings and photographs. Reference copies of the photographs are available for use. A large portion of the clippings have been photocopied and the process will continue as time and staff permit.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections has also purchased suffrage and related materials. Please ask a staffmember for information about these supporting items.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle Clark's cousins.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Mother of Adèle Clark. Nicknames include \"Dree,\" \"Muzzie,\" and \"Pouncey.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Father of Adèle Clarke.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Father of Julius D. Cowles who was married to Adèle Clark's sister Edith.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Older sister to Adèle Clarke, married to Julius \"Jules\" D. Cowles, her nicknames include \"Baby,\" \"Deetie,\" and \"Binn.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle Clarke's neice, daughter of Edith and Julius Cowles, married to James Cox.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Younger sister of Adèle Clarke, married to G. Frank Dew, her nicknames include \"Trudie,\" Trudee,\" and \"Teedee.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Maternal uncle to Adèle Clark.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clark.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Cousin related to the Clarke family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clarke and her godmother, married to Robert Ions. Also nicknamed \"Nainaine.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle's cousin, daughter of Cely and Robert Ions. She went by the name Willoughby.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Sister of Robert Ions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle Clarke's uncle, married to Cecile \"Cely\" Goodman Ions. Nicknames include \"Godpa\" and \"Berto.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Mary Dooley Jones.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: friend of Adèle, became a priest in the Episcopal Church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Estelle Goodman Clark's brother.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle's cousin, son of Cely and Robert Ions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Sister of Josephine Dooley Houston and Mary Dooley Jones.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Cousin of Alice Dooley.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Daughter of Josephine and Henry Houston.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Josephine Dooley Houston.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[merged with the restored Academy in the spring of 1930]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[grew out of the Atelier and later merged with the Academy]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes children's art work, art club material, instructional material; Japanese print.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo labeled \"Class Room Building--State Teacher's College, Farmville, Virginia--Frank F. Stone Architect, Roanoke, Virginia, July 10, 1944\"; a third blue print labeled \"Improvements to Employees Cottage as suggested by Art Commission, May 5, 1944\"; fourth labeled \"Temporary Employee Cottage, Division of the Budget, March 29, 1944\";drawing for inscription of building \"Julian H. Burruss Hall\" labeled \"Teaching and Admin. Building, Va. Polytechnic Inst., Blacksburg, VA - Carneal, Johnston \u0026amp; Wright Architects \u0026amp; Engineers, Richmond, Virginia.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVarious institutions to Benjamin Franklin Dew Jr., 1930s-1940s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEntitled \"Proposed Store For Mr. S.W. Farran - Designed by W.R. Snapp, 1107 Penn St. N.E.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCapitol Area of Richmond, undated; Map of Richmond and Environs, Department of Public Works, 1923; Drawn map of Richmond's North Side.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDepicts status of women's suffrage (framed and fragile).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSuffrage era map - \"The Woman Voter and the next President of the United States\" - showing which states women can vote and which ones women cannot vote.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAll with heading of the Virginia League of Woman Voters and labeled as follows: Congressional Districts Organized; Counties having some form of organization; Counties and cities holding citizenship schools; Virginia League of Women voters organized November 10, 1920; Number of Leagues organized; and one unlabeled.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLarge flyer on which states have compulsory school attendance, 1921; map of Virginia by Virginia Department of Agriculture and Immigration; a chart compiled by Lucia R. Maxwell on International Socialism 1922-1923, showing various woman's organizations; poster of Anchor Line Twin Screw Geared Turbine Steamer named the \"California\"; Centennial Memorial of United States--Declaration of Independence, published by Baltimore and Ohio Railroad; Victory Liberty Loan poster; anti-war poster; poster of mechanized man and horse; Virginia Society for Human Life poster; League of Women Voters poster \"Vote\" (2 posters); sheet music: \"Votes for Women\" - Suffrage Rallying Song.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(includes items on women's suffrage; voting habits; a \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRichmond News-Leader, \u003c/title\u003eSuffrage Supplement, and an article on paintings at Richmond Woman's Club; an article by Adèle Clark; several pages of the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRichmond Times-Dispatch, \u003c/title\u003e November 2, 1933 about the Community Fund; Atlanta Journal, June 12, 1919 article on U.S. Senate passing suffrage amendment; front page of \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRichmond Times-Dispatch, \u003c/title\u003e January 1, 1929, article on what Virginia leaders would like to see in 1929, includes article by Adèle Clark.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMajority of the photographs are from the Equal Suffrage League or Virginia League of Women Voters' events. All of these photographs have been reproduced and can be found elsewhere in Series XVII.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo different posters on the prevention of war; a Department of the Interior, Bureau of Education poster entitled \"How and Why to Stand Correctly\" 1918; a draft version of a poster by the Equal Suffrage League with typewritten history of suffrage in Virginia and the printed finished copy.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.","The collection is comprised of five major components, each with its own depth of coverage, usually dependent upon the length of Clark's involvement. The first major component of the collection contains materials pertaining to the Clark and Houston families with their multiple activities, responsibilities and affiliations. The documents in this section include the personal correspondence of Adèle Clark, Nora Houston, and members of both the Clark and Houston families. Correspondence from Estelle Goodman Clark, Cely \"Nainaine\" Ions, and Estelle Adèle Goodman","Willoughby Ions provide a richly detailed account of the more significant events within the Clark-Ions family. Also included is personal, business, and legal correspondence between members of the Goodman family, predating the Civil War, and personal correspondence to Clark and Nora Houston from close friends and associates such as Cornelia Adair, T. Bowyer Campbell, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon and Roberta Wellford. Additional family information is provided by legal and real estate correspondence, biographical sketches, family and genealogical histories, composition books, diaries, journals, and poetry by various members of the Clark and Houston families. Some items of significance include handwritten memoranda and notes, poems, short stories and other fictional material written by Adèle Clark during her lifetime. The Virginia Historical Society holds additional Clark family materials (see Appendices).","The collection also includes correspondence from businesses and civic organizations with which Clark, Edith Clark Cowles, and the Dooley/Houston family were affiliated during their lifetimes. A list of the more significant organizations includes the Virginia Society for Crippled Children and Handicapped Adults, Commission of Inter-Racial (or Interracial) Cooperation, Woodrow Wilson Foundation, National Consumers League, and Social Science Research Council-Committee on Public Administration. There is also correspondence from prominent local and state government officials that further document the political activities and biases of these women. Brochures, memoranda and publications from these organizations are scattered throughout the collection.","While the family correspondence provides information about Clark's early years, the greatest significance of the collection lies in its documentation of the activities of the suffrage movement, both locally and nationally. The collection is particularly strong in its representation of correspondence, reports, memoranda and publications reflecting the sentiments and political positions of both the pro- and anti- suffrage movement from 1913 until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. A large portion of this segment also documents the actions of the post-suffragists in their work through the national, state and local chapters of the League of Women Voters (LWV). Clark's considerable role of participation in the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) in the first two decades of the organization provides an abundant amount of material chronicling the many social and political issues in which local and national LWV members were engaged. Although the documentation of the activities of the LWV continues well into the 1970s, the collection is not as strong for the later years as it is for the earlier period.","The suffrage materials, the second and largest component in the collection, are composed of documentation of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV), Richmond League of Women Voters, the VLWV, and the reorganized League of Women Voters of Virginia (LWVV). The ESLV materials includes correspondence, committee and financial memoranda, convention material, notes, reports and miscellaneous literature. There is a large quantity of outgoing correspondence created by the corresponding secretaries of the ESLV which pertains to the efforts of organizing local suffrage chapters throughout the state and between officers of the ESLV, state and national government officials. Also included is correspondence between ESLV President, Lila Meade Valentine, and women of significance within the suffrage movement including Carrie Chapman Catt, Anna Howard Shaw, Maud Wood Park and Kate Gordon. While there is a substantial amount of correspondence generated by the central office of the ESLV, between 1909-1912 there are some major gaps. A portion of this documentation for the early history of the ESLV can be found at the Library of Virginia (see Appendices). Throughout its eleven year existence, the ESLV compiled an enormous amount of literature on the suffrage movement published by the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), and other organizations. Materials generated by the movement and represented in this portion of the collection include petitions, photographs, enrollment cards, posters, suffrage maps, sashes and other ephemeral items. Additional publications have not been indexed but are available for research.","The bulk of the materials of the remaining suffrage organizations represented in the collection fall within a fourteen year time frame, 1920-1934, and includes President/Executive Secretary correspondence, bulletins, circulars, committee memoranda, and financial statements as well as records relating to the Virginia Cookery Book, the Governor's Ball and the citizenship courses sponsored by the VLWV. Clark also corresponded with the President of the NLWV and other officers in the national organization. The significant correspondents include Maud Wood Park, Belle Sherwin, Katherine Ludington, and Gertrude Ely. Incoming correspondence from prominent Virginia women such as Faith Morgan, Roberta Wellford, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon, Kate Waller Barrett, Mrs. John L. Lewis of Lynchburg, Mrs. John H. Lewis of Ashland, and Mrs C.E. [Jessie] Townsend of Norfolk can be found in both the President/Executive Correspondence files and the Board of Directors/Executive Committee/Standing Committees file of the VLWV.","The records of the VLWV document in great detail the legislative agenda over a fourteen year period. The VLWV materials contain correspondence, circulars, memoranda questionnaires and reports pertaining to the Children's Code Commission, Virginia Women's Council Legislative Chairman of State Organizations and other major committees of the VLWV; revealing which major pieces of legislation were of utmost concern to Clark and the VLWV. Like its predecessor, the VLWV collected a wide variety of literature from state, national and international organizations which championed a spectrum of causes of interest to Clark and her associates. These organizations include the League of Nations Association, National Council for the Prevention of War, National Women's Trade Union League of America, and Southern Council of Women and Children in Industry.","Documentation of the NLWV (1920-1945) and the later reorganized League of Woman Voters of Virginia (1946-presents) includes correspondence and memoranda produced by Clark as Second Vice President in charge of Legislation and Law Enforcement and Third Regional Director for the NLWV. In addition to correspondence, memoranda, minutes, notes and reports there are materials detailing her involvement in nationally sponsored speaking tours throughout several regions of the United States. Items from the national office consist of mimeographed Adèle Goodman Clark correspondence and memoranda, reports, press releases and various publications created by the major standing committees and departments of the NLWV. Clark's activity in both the state and national leagues diminished to a great extent after 1934. Records of the latter local, state and national organizations primarily consists of bulletins, newsletters, and other literature published and distributed by the organizations.","Clark was very involved in the commemoration of the contributions of Lila Meade Valentine to the suffrage movement. The collection contains the organizational records of the Lila Meade Valentine Memorial Association (1921-1937), which was established to raise money for a memorial tablet dedicated to Mrs. Valentine to be placed in the Capitol Building in Richmond. Much of the material consists of correspondence and memoranda between the association's chairperson, Adèle Clark and the individuals who contributed to the memorial fund. There is also correspondence between Clark and the sculptor chosen to produce the memorial tablet. Other material includes financial data, contributors lists, minutes, notes and reports documenting the association's fundraising activities.","The collection of materials related to state and national politics comprises the third major section of the Clark Papers. These materials include correspondence, memoranda, minutes, reports, statistical data, and literature generated by or related to the work of the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government (1921-1927) and the Liberal Arts College Commission (1918, 1929-1933). Material pertaining to both of these government commissions highlight the research and information gathering work undertaken by Clark and the members of these commissions before presentation of the final reports to the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also contains the annotated drafts and proofs of the reports in various stages of development. Correspondence, notes, reports and travel vouchers highlight Clark's duties as a NRS Field Supervisor and her involvement with the National Reemployment Service (1925-1937). Correspondence between Clark and the State Reemployment Director reveal the types of reemployment projects in which the NRS was actively engaged throughout the state. In addition, correspondence between Clark and other field staff demonstrate the extent to which Clark participated in managing local reemployment offices during her tenure with the NRS. Published reports, speeches, manuals, newspaper clippings and other ephemeral materials are also included.","The fourth area of interest of Adèle's, as reflected in the collection, was religion. Included here are the organizational records and personal items documenting the religious activities of Clark, Nora Houston, and several members of the Houston family. It should be noted that Clark was baptized and confirmed in the Episcopal Church and later became a devout Roman Catholic after Nora Houston's death in 1942. Included is correspondence between both women and various religious organizations, church leaflets, pamphlets and prayerbooks, periodicals and other items of a religious nature. Some of the organizations with which Clark and Houston corresponded include the Catholic Woman's Club, National Council of Catholic Women, National Conference on Christians and Jews, and Catholic Daughters of America. Beth Ahabah Museum and Archives holds other materials of a religious nature relating to the Goodman family.","The final component of the collection, second in size only to that of the suffrage and voting rights material, is that of art, particularly art in Virginia. An artist by training, Adèle Clark worked ceaselessly for increased public awareness of the traditions and richness of art within the Commonwealth. To this end, the collection documents the contributions of Clark and her colleagues in the following endeavors: the Art Club of Richmond, Atelier, Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, Richmond Academy of Arts, Virginia Arts Commission, and Works Project Administration-Federal Arts Project. In addition to containing the correspondence relating to the operations of these organizations, the records also contain memoranda, minutes and reports of committees, and materials on exhibitions sponsored by these organizations. Of particular significance are the records of the Academy Committee of the Art Club that document the committee's role in attempting to resurrect the arts academy. Materials relating to the WPA and the Virginia Arts Commission emphasize Clark's substantial role in making the public a more active player in the promotion of the arts. Clark's monthly and narrative reports on several WPA art galleries, as well as data on the Index of American Design, provide a detailed account of the variety of art projects the WPA underwrote in Virginia.","The collection also contains a range of art and art school publications, art supply advertisements, catalogs, exhibition bulletins and notices from local and national art institutions. A small number of drawings, sketches and miscellaneous artwork created by Adèle Clark, Nora Houston and other artists are also represented. Some of the more notable pieces include Clark's original lithograph \"Richmond Market at Christmas\", copies of Nora Houston's house sketches and artwork produced by children of various ages. Lastly there are numerous kinds of illustrations and reproductions that Clark and Houston utilized in their art classes.","Significant portions of the collection are in fragile condition, particularly newspaper clippings and photographs. Reference copies of the photographs are available for use. A large portion of the clippings have been photocopied and the process will continue as time and staff permit.","Special Collections has also purchased suffrage and related materials. Please ask a staffmember for information about these supporting items.","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousins.","Relationship: Mother of Adèle Clark. Nicknames include \"Dree,\" \"Muzzie,\" and \"Pouncey.\"","Relationship: Father of Adèle Clarke.","Relationship: Father of Julius D. Cowles who was married to Adèle Clark's sister Edith.","Relationship: Older sister to Adèle Clarke, married to Julius \"Jules\" D. Cowles, her nicknames include \"Baby,\" \"Deetie,\" and \"Binn.\"","Relationship: Adèle Clarke's neice, daughter of Edith and Julius Cowles, married to James Cox.","Relationship: Younger sister of Adèle Clarke, married to G. Frank Dew, her nicknames include \"Trudie,\" Trudee,\" and \"Teedee.\"","Relationship: Maternal uncle to Adèle Clark.","Relationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clark.","Relationship: Cousin related to the Clarke family.","Relationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clarke and her godmother, married to Robert Ions. Also nicknamed \"Nainaine.\"","Relationship: Adèle's cousin, daughter of Cely and Robert Ions. She went by the name Willoughby.","Relationship: Sister of Robert Ions.","Relationship: Adèle Clarke's uncle, married to Cecile \"Cely\" Goodman Ions. Nicknames include \"Godpa\" and \"Berto.\"","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.","Relationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Mary Dooley Jones.","Relationship: friend of Adèle, became a priest in the Episcopal Church.","Relationship: Estelle Goodman Clark's brother.","Relationship: Adèle's cousin, son of Cely and Robert Ions.","Relationship: Sister of Josephine Dooley Houston and Mary Dooley Jones.","Relationship: Cousin of Alice Dooley.","Relationship: Daughter of Josephine and Henry Houston.","Relationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Josephine Dooley Houston.","[merged with the restored Academy in the spring of 1930]","[grew out of the Atelier and later merged with the Academy]","Includes children's art work, art club material, instructional material; Japanese print.","Two labeled \"Class Room Building--State Teacher's College, Farmville, Virginia--Frank F. Stone Architect, Roanoke, Virginia, July 10, 1944\"; a third blue print labeled \"Improvements to Employees Cottage as suggested by Art Commission, May 5, 1944\"; fourth labeled \"Temporary Employee Cottage, Division of the Budget, March 29, 1944\";drawing for inscription of building \"Julian H. Burruss Hall\" labeled \"Teaching and Admin. Building, Va. Polytechnic Inst., Blacksburg, VA - Carneal, Johnston \u0026 Wright Architects \u0026 Engineers, Richmond, Virginia.\"","Various institutions to Benjamin Franklin Dew Jr., 1930s-1940s.","Entitled \"Proposed Store For Mr. S.W. Farran - Designed by W.R. Snapp, 1107 Penn St. N.E.\"","Capitol Area of Richmond, undated; Map of Richmond and Environs, Department of Public Works, 1923; Drawn map of Richmond's North Side.","Depicts status of women's suffrage (framed and fragile).","Suffrage era map - \"The Woman Voter and the next President of the United States\" - showing which states women can vote and which ones women cannot vote.","All with heading of the Virginia League of Woman Voters and labeled as follows: Congressional Districts Organized; Counties having some form of organization; Counties and cities holding citizenship schools; Virginia League of Women voters organized November 10, 1920; Number of Leagues organized; and one unlabeled.","Large flyer on which states have compulsory school attendance, 1921; map of Virginia by Virginia Department of Agriculture and Immigration; a chart compiled by Lucia R. Maxwell on International Socialism 1922-1923, showing various woman's organizations; poster of Anchor Line Twin Screw Geared Turbine Steamer named the \"California\"; Centennial Memorial of United States--Declaration of Independence, published by Baltimore and Ohio Railroad; Victory Liberty Loan poster; anti-war poster; poster of mechanized man and horse; Virginia Society for Human Life poster; League of Women Voters poster \"Vote\" (2 posters); sheet music: \"Votes for Women\" - Suffrage Rallying Song.","(includes items on women's suffrage; voting habits; a  Richmond News-Leader,  Suffrage Supplement, and an article on paintings at Richmond Woman's Club; an article by Adèle Clark; several pages of the  Richmond Times-Dispatch,   November 2, 1933 about the Community Fund; Atlanta Journal, June 12, 1919 article on U.S. Senate passing suffrage amendment; front page of  Richmond Times-Dispatch,   January 1, 1929, article on what Virginia leaders would like to see in 1929, includes article by Adèle Clark.","Majority of the photographs are from the Equal Suffrage League or Virginia League of Women Voters' events. All of these photographs have been reproduced and can be found elsewhere in Series XVII.","Two different posters on the prevention of war; a Department of the Interior, Bureau of Education poster entitled \"How and Why to Stand Correctly\" 1918; a draft version of a poster by the Equal Suffrage League with typewritten history of suffrage in Virginia and the printed finished copy."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_coll_ssim":["League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3079,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T04:37:44.566Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_279.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Clark, Adele Goodman, papers","title_ssm":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"title_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1849-1978"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1849-1978"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 9","/repositories/5/resources/279"],"text":["M 9","/repositories/5/resources/279","Adele Goodman Clark papers","Women -- Suffrage -- Virginia -- Richmond","Art -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond","Collection is open to research.","Series I--Correspondence and Family Materials (n.d., 1849-1971) ; Series II--Business/Civic Organization Correspondence (n.d., 1903-1971) ; Series III--Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV) (n.d., 1892-1926) ; Series IV: Richmond League of Women Voters (n.d., 1920- 1978) ; Series V--Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) (n.d., 1915-1967) ; Series VI--The League of Women Voters of Virginia (n.d., 1945-1970) ; Series VII--The National League of Women Voters (n.d., 1919-1947) ; Series VIII--League of Women Voters (n.d., 1946-1976) ; Series IX--Commission on Simplification of State and Local Government (n.d., 1921- 1927) ; Series X--Liberal Arts College for Women Commission (n.d., 1918-1938) ; Series XI--National Reemployment Service (n.d., 1925-1938) ; Series XII--Lila Meade Valentine memorial Association (n.d., 1921-1936) ; Series XIII--Religious Materials ; Series XIV--Art (n.d., 1850-1971) ; Series XV--Ephemera and Photographs (n.d., ca. 1850 - ca. 1970)","A founding member of the Virginia suffrage movement and a prominent supporter of the arts in Virginia, Adèle Goodman Clark (1882-1983) exemplified the influential role civically active women played in the major social reform movements of the twentieth century. Calling politics and art her \"creative spirits\", Clark was involved in a number of reform initiatives throughout her century of life that championed the rights of women and promoted the arts.","The second oldest daughter of Robert Clark (1832?-1906) and Estelle Goodman Clark (1847-1937), Adèle was born in Montgomery, Alabama on September 27, 1882. Before moving permanently to Richmond, the Clark family lived in New Orleans, LA, as well as the small town of Pass Christian, MS. It was in a one room school house in the latter town that Adèle developed a fondness for the arts. After her family moved to Richmond in 1894, Adèle enrolled in the Virginia Randolph Ellett School (now St. Catherine's). Adèle also studied art with Lilly M. Logan, who ran the art school at the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906 she was awarded a scholarship to the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts (the Chase School of Art), where she studied under Kenneth Hays Miller, Douglas Cannal, William M. Chase, and Robert Henri, leader of the \"Ash Can\" school of painting. Upon her return to Richmond, Clark began a teaching career at the Art Club of Richmond. It was here that Adèle began her long association and friendship with acclaimed Virginia artist, Nora Houston. When the Art Club of Richmond was dissolved in 1917, the women went on to establish The Atelier. Under their direction this private art studio, located adjacent to Clark's Chamberlayne Avenue residence, became a training ground for such noted Virginia artists as Edmund Archer, Eleanor Fry and Theresa Pollack (founder of the VCU School of the Arts). Two years later they founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, where they both held the title of artistic director. During this period, they participated in a fundraising campaign for the resurrection of the old Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. Their goal became a reality in 1930 when the new Richmond Academy of Arts, forerunner to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, was established on Capitol Street.*","Clark's interest in the suffrage movement began in 1909 when she was asked by novelist Ellen Glasgow to sign a petition calling for Virginia women to gain voting privileges. On November 27th of that year Clark, along with eighteen other civic-minded women, held a preliminary meeting to discuss the establishment of a state-wide suffrage organization. At this first meeting of what would become the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, Clark was elected secretary, a position she held for one year. She later helped direct legislative initiatives, organized suffrage rallies and went on speaking tours that helped establish new League chapters throughout the state. Clark also served for several years as chair of the ratification committee and head of the Equal Suffrage League lobby to the Virginia General Assembly.","After passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 (which was ratified by Virginia in 1952), the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was transformed into the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV). For nearly two decades Clark played a major role in the VLWV.","Selected as the VLWV's first chair in 1920, Clark became president one year later. She held this position for eighteen years (nonconsecutively). Her work in the VLWV involved constant study of legislation involving social issues and governmental efficiency and administration. In 1924, Clark was elected to the board of the National League of Women Voters (NLWV) as Director of the Third Region. The region included Washington, D.C., Virginia, and six other southern states. The following year she was elected Second Vice President of the NLWV, in which capacity she served until the Spring of 1928. During that period Clark traveled to conventions in twenty-four states on speaking tours. Along with other officers of the NLWV she helped resolve league organizational problems.","In addition to her work for the VLWV and NLWV, Clark also served on two important state government commissions. In 1922, Governor E. Lee Trinkle appointed her to the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government, on which she served for two years as secretary of the Commission. In addition to performing the editorial and clerical work of the Commission, Clark also authored several of the chapters of the Commission's final report (January 1924) to the Virginia General Assembly. Four years later, Governor Harry F. Byrd, Jr. appointed Clark to the Liberal Arts College for Women Commission, on which she also served as secretary. The nine member Commission studied the feasibility of establishing a new liberal arts college for women in Virginia. The second report of the Commission (January 1930), which contained the \"set-up\" of the proposed college [now Mary Washington College?], was the product of research conducted by Clark with the assistance of Commission advisors.","Clark's strong commitment to higher education was exemplified in several other ways. From March - September, 1926, she served as the Social Director of women students at the College of William and Mary. She was also instrumental in the establishment of citizenship courses for women through the University of Virginia's Extension Division. The courses were designed to educate women about the intricacies of governmental institutions.","During the New Deal era, Clark distinguished herself in two important agencies. In 1933, she was selected as a field supervisor for the National Reemployment Service (NRS). Along with the state reemployment director and other field staff, she assisted in the organization of local reemployment offices throughout Virginia. After stepping down as field supervisor for the NRS, Clark became the Virginia Arts Project Director of the Work Projects Administration (WPA). This particular branch of the WPA was created to provide employment opportunities for artists in Virginia. In addition to producing murals for public buildings, artists employed by the WPA executed hundreds of paintings that were then distributed to local and state tax-supported institutions for display. One major accomplishment during Clark's tenure at the WPA was the establishment of new art galleries, such as the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap.","In the later years of her life, Adèle Clark remained active in the Richmond community. After converting to Roman Catholicism in 1942, Clark utilized her political experience as a member of the Richmond Diocesan Council of Catholic Women (RDCCW). From 1949 to 1959 she served as the chair of the RDCCW's Legislative Committee. Clark also continued to speak out against a number of issues affecting women, such as the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and abortion.","Clark remained an active supporter of the Richmond art community. From 1941 to 1964 she was a member of the Virginia Arts Commission. The Commission helped to produce many of the murals and portraits displayed in state government buildings that depict the history of Virginia. Moreover, Clark's dedication to the teaching of art did not wane in these later years. She taught art to both the young and old in hospitals, schools and church classrooms. She also continued to enjoy creating her own artworks. Clark's paintings, mostly portraits and landscapes, have been exhibited in several states. One of her paintings, \"The Cherry Tree\", is in the permanent collection of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.","Clark had a unique perspective on the influence of art on her political ideology. She once stated, \"I've always tried to combine my interest in art with my interest in government. I think we ought to have more of the creative and imaginative in politics.\"","Adèle Clark died at the age of 100 on June 5, 1983.","[Information from newspaper accounts and the Adèle Goodman Clark Papers.]","Teacher of Organization and Parliamentary Law at Suffrage School","Chairman, Committee on Uniform Laws Concerning Women, Chicago, ILL","Chairman of the Committee on International Cooperation to Prevent War, of the NLWV, Miss Morgan was also President of the Colony Club of New York","The Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.","The collection is comprised of five major components, each with its own depth of coverage, usually dependent upon the length of Clark's involvement. The first major component of the collection contains materials pertaining to the Clark and Houston families with their multiple activities, responsibilities and affiliations. The documents in this section include the personal correspondence of Adèle Clark, Nora Houston, and members of both the Clark and Houston families. Correspondence from Estelle Goodman Clark, Cely \"Nainaine\" Ions, and Estelle Adèle Goodman","Willoughby Ions provide a richly detailed account of the more significant events within the Clark-Ions family. Also included is personal, business, and legal correspondence between members of the Goodman family, predating the Civil War, and personal correspondence to Clark and Nora Houston from close friends and associates such as Cornelia Adair, T. Bowyer Campbell, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon and Roberta Wellford. Additional family information is provided by legal and real estate correspondence, biographical sketches, family and genealogical histories, composition books, diaries, journals, and poetry by various members of the Clark and Houston families. Some items of significance include handwritten memoranda and notes, poems, short stories and other fictional material written by Adèle Clark during her lifetime. The Virginia Historical Society holds additional Clark family materials (see Appendices).","The collection also includes correspondence from businesses and civic organizations with which Clark, Edith Clark Cowles, and the Dooley/Houston family were affiliated during their lifetimes. A list of the more significant organizations includes the Virginia Society for Crippled Children and Handicapped Adults, Commission of Inter-Racial (or Interracial) Cooperation, Woodrow Wilson Foundation, National Consumers League, and Social Science Research Council-Committee on Public Administration. There is also correspondence from prominent local and state government officials that further document the political activities and biases of these women. Brochures, memoranda and publications from these organizations are scattered throughout the collection.","While the family correspondence provides information about Clark's early years, the greatest significance of the collection lies in its documentation of the activities of the suffrage movement, both locally and nationally. The collection is particularly strong in its representation of correspondence, reports, memoranda and publications reflecting the sentiments and political positions of both the pro- and anti- suffrage movement from 1913 until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. A large portion of this segment also documents the actions of the post-suffragists in their work through the national, state and local chapters of the League of Women Voters (LWV). Clark's considerable role of participation in the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) in the first two decades of the organization provides an abundant amount of material chronicling the many social and political issues in which local and national LWV members were engaged. Although the documentation of the activities of the LWV continues well into the 1970s, the collection is not as strong for the later years as it is for the earlier period.","The suffrage materials, the second and largest component in the collection, are composed of documentation of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV), Richmond League of Women Voters, the VLWV, and the reorganized League of Women Voters of Virginia (LWVV). The ESLV materials includes correspondence, committee and financial memoranda, convention material, notes, reports and miscellaneous literature. There is a large quantity of outgoing correspondence created by the corresponding secretaries of the ESLV which pertains to the efforts of organizing local suffrage chapters throughout the state and between officers of the ESLV, state and national government officials. Also included is correspondence between ESLV President, Lila Meade Valentine, and women of significance within the suffrage movement including Carrie Chapman Catt, Anna Howard Shaw, Maud Wood Park and Kate Gordon. While there is a substantial amount of correspondence generated by the central office of the ESLV, between 1909-1912 there are some major gaps. A portion of this documentation for the early history of the ESLV can be found at the Library of Virginia (see Appendices). Throughout its eleven year existence, the ESLV compiled an enormous amount of literature on the suffrage movement published by the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), and other organizations. Materials generated by the movement and represented in this portion of the collection include petitions, photographs, enrollment cards, posters, suffrage maps, sashes and other ephemeral items. Additional publications have not been indexed but are available for research.","The bulk of the materials of the remaining suffrage organizations represented in the collection fall within a fourteen year time frame, 1920-1934, and includes President/Executive Secretary correspondence, bulletins, circulars, committee memoranda, and financial statements as well as records relating to the Virginia Cookery Book, the Governor's Ball and the citizenship courses sponsored by the VLWV. Clark also corresponded with the President of the NLWV and other officers in the national organization. The significant correspondents include Maud Wood Park, Belle Sherwin, Katherine Ludington, and Gertrude Ely. Incoming correspondence from prominent Virginia women such as Faith Morgan, Roberta Wellford, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon, Kate Waller Barrett, Mrs. John L. Lewis of Lynchburg, Mrs. John H. Lewis of Ashland, and Mrs C.E. [Jessie] Townsend of Norfolk can be found in both the President/Executive Correspondence files and the Board of Directors/Executive Committee/Standing Committees file of the VLWV.","The records of the VLWV document in great detail the legislative agenda over a fourteen year period. The VLWV materials contain correspondence, circulars, memoranda questionnaires and reports pertaining to the Children's Code Commission, Virginia Women's Council Legislative Chairman of State Organizations and other major committees of the VLWV; revealing which major pieces of legislation were of utmost concern to Clark and the VLWV. Like its predecessor, the VLWV collected a wide variety of literature from state, national and international organizations which championed a spectrum of causes of interest to Clark and her associates. These organizations include the League of Nations Association, National Council for the Prevention of War, National Women's Trade Union League of America, and Southern Council of Women and Children in Industry.","Documentation of the NLWV (1920-1945) and the later reorganized League of Woman Voters of Virginia (1946-presents) includes correspondence and memoranda produced by Clark as Second Vice President in charge of Legislation and Law Enforcement and Third Regional Director for the NLWV. In addition to correspondence, memoranda, minutes, notes and reports there are materials detailing her involvement in nationally sponsored speaking tours throughout several regions of the United States. Items from the national office consist of mimeographed Adèle Goodman Clark correspondence and memoranda, reports, press releases and various publications created by the major standing committees and departments of the NLWV. Clark's activity in both the state and national leagues diminished to a great extent after 1934. Records of the latter local, state and national organizations primarily consists of bulletins, newsletters, and other literature published and distributed by the organizations.","Clark was very involved in the commemoration of the contributions of Lila Meade Valentine to the suffrage movement. The collection contains the organizational records of the Lila Meade Valentine Memorial Association (1921-1937), which was established to raise money for a memorial tablet dedicated to Mrs. Valentine to be placed in the Capitol Building in Richmond. Much of the material consists of correspondence and memoranda between the association's chairperson, Adèle Clark and the individuals who contributed to the memorial fund. There is also correspondence between Clark and the sculptor chosen to produce the memorial tablet. Other material includes financial data, contributors lists, minutes, notes and reports documenting the association's fundraising activities.","The collection of materials related to state and national politics comprises the third major section of the Clark Papers. These materials include correspondence, memoranda, minutes, reports, statistical data, and literature generated by or related to the work of the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government (1921-1927) and the Liberal Arts College Commission (1918, 1929-1933). Material pertaining to both of these government commissions highlight the research and information gathering work undertaken by Clark and the members of these commissions before presentation of the final reports to the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also contains the annotated drafts and proofs of the reports in various stages of development. Correspondence, notes, reports and travel vouchers highlight Clark's duties as a NRS Field Supervisor and her involvement with the National Reemployment Service (1925-1937). Correspondence between Clark and the State Reemployment Director reveal the types of reemployment projects in which the NRS was actively engaged throughout the state. In addition, correspondence between Clark and other field staff demonstrate the extent to which Clark participated in managing local reemployment offices during her tenure with the NRS. Published reports, speeches, manuals, newspaper clippings and other ephemeral materials are also included.","The fourth area of interest of Adèle's, as reflected in the collection, was religion. Included here are the organizational records and personal items documenting the religious activities of Clark, Nora Houston, and several members of the Houston family. It should be noted that Clark was baptized and confirmed in the Episcopal Church and later became a devout Roman Catholic after Nora Houston's death in 1942. Included is correspondence between both women and various religious organizations, church leaflets, pamphlets and prayerbooks, periodicals and other items of a religious nature. Some of the organizations with which Clark and Houston corresponded include the Catholic Woman's Club, National Council of Catholic Women, National Conference on Christians and Jews, and Catholic Daughters of America. Beth Ahabah Museum and Archives holds other materials of a religious nature relating to the Goodman family.","The final component of the collection, second in size only to that of the suffrage and voting rights material, is that of art, particularly art in Virginia. An artist by training, Adèle Clark worked ceaselessly for increased public awareness of the traditions and richness of art within the Commonwealth. To this end, the collection documents the contributions of Clark and her colleagues in the following endeavors: the Art Club of Richmond, Atelier, Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, Richmond Academy of Arts, Virginia Arts Commission, and Works Project Administration-Federal Arts Project. In addition to containing the correspondence relating to the operations of these organizations, the records also contain memoranda, minutes and reports of committees, and materials on exhibitions sponsored by these organizations. Of particular significance are the records of the Academy Committee of the Art Club that document the committee's role in attempting to resurrect the arts academy. Materials relating to the WPA and the Virginia Arts Commission emphasize Clark's substantial role in making the public a more active player in the promotion of the arts. Clark's monthly and narrative reports on several WPA art galleries, as well as data on the Index of American Design, provide a detailed account of the variety of art projects the WPA underwrote in Virginia.","The collection also contains a range of art and art school publications, art supply advertisements, catalogs, exhibition bulletins and notices from local and national art institutions. A small number of drawings, sketches and miscellaneous artwork created by Adèle Clark, Nora Houston and other artists are also represented. Some of the more notable pieces include Clark's original lithograph \"Richmond Market at Christmas\", copies of Nora Houston's house sketches and artwork produced by children of various ages. Lastly there are numerous kinds of illustrations and reproductions that Clark and Houston utilized in their art classes.","Significant portions of the collection are in fragile condition, particularly newspaper clippings and photographs. Reference copies of the photographs are available for use. A large portion of the clippings have been photocopied and the process will continue as time and staff permit.","Special Collections has also purchased suffrage and related materials. Please ask a staffmember for information about these supporting items.","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousins.","Relationship: Mother of Adèle Clark. Nicknames include \"Dree,\" \"Muzzie,\" and \"Pouncey.\"","Relationship: Father of Adèle Clarke.","Relationship: Father of Julius D. Cowles who was married to Adèle Clark's sister Edith.","Relationship: Older sister to Adèle Clarke, married to Julius \"Jules\" D. Cowles, her nicknames include \"Baby,\" \"Deetie,\" and \"Binn.\"","Relationship: Adèle Clarke's neice, daughter of Edith and Julius Cowles, married to James Cox.","Relationship: Younger sister of Adèle Clarke, married to G. Frank Dew, her nicknames include \"Trudie,\" Trudee,\" and \"Teedee.\"","Relationship: Maternal uncle to Adèle Clark.","Relationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clark.","Relationship: Cousin related to the Clarke family.","Relationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clarke and her godmother, married to Robert Ions. Also nicknamed \"Nainaine.\"","Relationship: Adèle's cousin, daughter of Cely and Robert Ions. She went by the name Willoughby.","Relationship: Sister of Robert Ions.","Relationship: Adèle Clarke's uncle, married to Cecile \"Cely\" Goodman Ions. Nicknames include \"Godpa\" and \"Berto.\"","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.","Relationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Mary Dooley Jones.","Relationship: friend of Adèle, became a priest in the Episcopal Church.","Relationship: Estelle Goodman Clark's brother.","Relationship: Adèle's cousin, son of Cely and Robert Ions.","Relationship: Sister of Josephine Dooley Houston and Mary Dooley Jones.","Relationship: Cousin of Alice Dooley.","Relationship: Daughter of Josephine and Henry Houston.","Relationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Josephine Dooley Houston.","[merged with the restored Academy in the spring of 1930]","[grew out of the Atelier and later merged with the Academy]","Includes children's art work, art club material, instructional material; Japanese print.","Two labeled \"Class Room Building--State Teacher's College, Farmville, Virginia--Frank F. Stone Architect, Roanoke, Virginia, July 10, 1944\"; a third blue print labeled \"Improvements to Employees Cottage as suggested by Art Commission, May 5, 1944\"; fourth labeled \"Temporary Employee Cottage, Division of the Budget, March 29, 1944\";drawing for inscription of building \"Julian H. Burruss Hall\" labeled \"Teaching and Admin. Building, Va. Polytechnic Inst., Blacksburg, VA - Carneal, Johnston \u0026 Wright Architects \u0026 Engineers, Richmond, Virginia.\"","Various institutions to Benjamin Franklin Dew Jr., 1930s-1940s.","Entitled \"Proposed Store For Mr. S.W. Farran - Designed by W.R. Snapp, 1107 Penn St. N.E.\"","Capitol Area of Richmond, undated; Map of Richmond and Environs, Department of Public Works, 1923; Drawn map of Richmond's North Side.","Depicts status of women's suffrage (framed and fragile).","Suffrage era map - \"The Woman Voter and the next President of the United States\" - showing which states women can vote and which ones women cannot vote.","All with heading of the Virginia League of Woman Voters and labeled as follows: Congressional Districts Organized; Counties having some form of organization; Counties and cities holding citizenship schools; Virginia League of Women voters organized November 10, 1920; Number of Leagues organized; and one unlabeled.","Large flyer on which states have compulsory school attendance, 1921; map of Virginia by Virginia Department of Agriculture and Immigration; a chart compiled by Lucia R. Maxwell on International Socialism 1922-1923, showing various woman's organizations; poster of Anchor Line Twin Screw Geared Turbine Steamer named the \"California\"; Centennial Memorial of United States--Declaration of Independence, published by Baltimore and Ohio Railroad; Victory Liberty Loan poster; anti-war poster; poster of mechanized man and horse; Virginia Society for Human Life poster; League of Women Voters poster \"Vote\" (2 posters); sheet music: \"Votes for Women\" - Suffrage Rallying Song.","(includes items on women's suffrage; voting habits; a  Richmond News-Leader,  Suffrage Supplement, and an article on paintings at Richmond Woman's Club; an article by Adèle Clark; several pages of the  Richmond Times-Dispatch,   November 2, 1933 about the Community Fund; Atlanta Journal, June 12, 1919 article on U.S. Senate passing suffrage amendment; front page of  Richmond Times-Dispatch,   January 1, 1929, article on what Virginia leaders would like to see in 1929, includes article by Adèle Clark.","Majority of the photographs are from the Equal Suffrage League or Virginia League of Women Voters' events. All of these photographs have been reproduced and can be found elsewhere in Series XVII.","Two different posters on the prevention of war; a Department of the Interior, Bureau of Education poster entitled \"How and Why to Stand Correctly\" 1918; a draft version of a poster by the Equal Suffrage League with typewritten history of suffrage in Virginia and the printed finished copy.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives","English"],"unitid_tesim":["M 9","/repositories/5/resources/279"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"collection_ssim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"creator_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"creators_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women -- Suffrage -- Virginia -- Richmond","Art -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women -- Suffrage -- Virginia -- Richmond","Art -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["128 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["128 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Restrictions on Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I--Correspondence and Family Materials (n.d., 1849-1971) ; Series II--Business/Civic Organization Correspondence (n.d., 1903-1971) ; Series III--Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV) (n.d., 1892-1926) ; Series IV: Richmond League of Women Voters (n.d., 1920- 1978) ; Series V--Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) (n.d., 1915-1967) ; Series VI--The League of Women Voters of Virginia (n.d., 1945-1970) ; Series VII--The National League of Women Voters (n.d., 1919-1947) ; Series VIII--League of Women Voters (n.d., 1946-1976) ; Series IX--Commission on Simplification of State and Local Government (n.d., 1921- 1927) ; Series X--Liberal Arts College for Women Commission (n.d., 1918-1938) ; Series XI--National Reemployment Service (n.d., 1925-1938) ; Series XII--Lila Meade Valentine memorial Association (n.d., 1921-1936) ; Series XIII--Religious Materials ; Series XIV--Art (n.d., 1850-1971) ; Series XV--Ephemera and Photographs (n.d., ca. 1850 - ca. 1970)\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series I--Correspondence and Family Materials (n.d., 1849-1971) ; Series II--Business/Civic Organization Correspondence (n.d., 1903-1971) ; Series III--Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV) (n.d., 1892-1926) ; Series IV: Richmond League of Women Voters (n.d., 1920- 1978) ; Series V--Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) (n.d., 1915-1967) ; Series VI--The League of Women Voters of Virginia (n.d., 1945-1970) ; Series VII--The National League of Women Voters (n.d., 1919-1947) ; Series VIII--League of Women Voters (n.d., 1946-1976) ; Series IX--Commission on Simplification of State and Local Government (n.d., 1921- 1927) ; Series X--Liberal Arts College for Women Commission (n.d., 1918-1938) ; Series XI--National Reemployment Service (n.d., 1925-1938) ; Series XII--Lila Meade Valentine memorial Association (n.d., 1921-1936) ; Series XIII--Religious Materials ; Series XIV--Art (n.d., 1850-1971) ; Series XV--Ephemera and Photographs (n.d., ca. 1850 - ca. 1970)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA founding member of the Virginia suffrage movement and a prominent supporter of the arts in Virginia, Adèle Goodman Clark (1882-1983) exemplified the influential role civically active women played in the major social reform movements of the twentieth century. Calling politics and art her \"creative spirits\", Clark was involved in a number of reform initiatives throughout her century of life that championed the rights of women and promoted the arts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe second oldest daughter of Robert Clark (1832?-1906) and Estelle Goodman Clark (1847-1937), Adèle was born in Montgomery, Alabama on September 27, 1882. Before moving permanently to Richmond, the Clark family lived in New Orleans, LA, as well as the small town of Pass Christian, MS. It was in a one room school house in the latter town that Adèle developed a fondness for the arts. After her family moved to Richmond in 1894, Adèle enrolled in the Virginia Randolph Ellett School (now St. Catherine's). Adèle also studied art with Lilly M. Logan, who ran the art school at the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906 she was awarded a scholarship to the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts (the Chase School of Art), where she studied under Kenneth Hays Miller, Douglas Cannal, William M. Chase, and Robert Henri, leader of the \"Ash Can\" school of painting. Upon her return to Richmond, Clark began a teaching career at the Art Club of Richmond. It was here that Adèle began her long association and friendship with acclaimed Virginia artist, Nora Houston. When the Art Club of Richmond was dissolved in 1917, the women went on to establish The Atelier. Under their direction this private art studio, located adjacent to Clark's Chamberlayne Avenue residence, became a training ground for such noted Virginia artists as Edmund Archer, Eleanor Fry and Theresa Pollack (founder of the VCU School of the Arts). Two years later they founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, where they both held the title of artistic director. During this period, they participated in a fundraising campaign for the resurrection of the old Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. Their goal became a reality in 1930 when the new Richmond Academy of Arts, forerunner to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, was established on Capitol Street.*\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark's interest in the suffrage movement began in 1909 when she was asked by novelist Ellen Glasgow to sign a petition calling for Virginia women to gain voting privileges. On November 27th of that year Clark, along with eighteen other civic-minded women, held a preliminary meeting to discuss the establishment of a state-wide suffrage organization. At this first meeting of what would become the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, Clark was elected secretary, a position she held for one year. She later helped direct legislative initiatives, organized suffrage rallies and went on speaking tours that helped establish new League chapters throughout the state. Clark also served for several years as chair of the ratification committee and head of the Equal Suffrage League lobby to the Virginia General Assembly.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 (which was ratified by Virginia in 1952), the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was transformed into the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV). For nearly two decades Clark played a major role in the VLWV.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSelected as the VLWV's first chair in 1920, Clark became president one year later. She held this position for eighteen years (nonconsecutively). Her work in the VLWV involved constant study of legislation involving social issues and governmental efficiency and administration. In 1924, Clark was elected to the board of the National League of Women Voters (NLWV) as Director of the Third Region. The region included Washington, D.C., Virginia, and six other southern states. The following year she was elected Second Vice President of the NLWV, in which capacity she served until the Spring of 1928. During that period Clark traveled to conventions in twenty-four states on speaking tours. Along with other officers of the NLWV she helped resolve league organizational problems.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to her work for the VLWV and NLWV, Clark also served on two important state government commissions. In 1922, Governor E. Lee Trinkle appointed her to the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government, on which she served for two years as secretary of the Commission. In addition to performing the editorial and clerical work of the Commission, Clark also authored several of the chapters of the Commission's final report (January 1924) to the Virginia General Assembly. Four years later, Governor Harry F. Byrd, Jr. appointed Clark to the Liberal Arts College for Women Commission, on which she also served as secretary. The nine member Commission studied the feasibility of establishing a new liberal arts college for women in Virginia. The second report of the Commission (January 1930), which contained the \"set-up\" of the proposed college [now Mary Washington College?], was the product of research conducted by Clark with the assistance of Commission advisors.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark's strong commitment to higher education was exemplified in several other ways. From March - September, 1926, she served as the Social Director of women students at the College of William and Mary. She was also instrumental in the establishment of citizenship courses for women through the University of Virginia's Extension Division. The courses were designed to educate women about the intricacies of governmental institutions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDuring the New Deal era, Clark distinguished herself in two important agencies. In 1933, she was selected as a field supervisor for the National Reemployment Service (NRS). Along with the state reemployment director and other field staff, she assisted in the organization of local reemployment offices throughout Virginia. After stepping down as field supervisor for the NRS, Clark became the Virginia Arts Project Director of the Work Projects Administration (WPA). This particular branch of the WPA was created to provide employment opportunities for artists in Virginia. In addition to producing murals for public buildings, artists employed by the WPA executed hundreds of paintings that were then distributed to local and state tax-supported institutions for display. One major accomplishment during Clark's tenure at the WPA was the establishment of new art galleries, such as the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn the later years of her life, Adèle Clark remained active in the Richmond community. After converting to Roman Catholicism in 1942, Clark utilized her political experience as a member of the Richmond Diocesan Council of Catholic Women (RDCCW). From 1949 to 1959 she served as the chair of the RDCCW's Legislative Committee. Clark also continued to speak out against a number of issues affecting women, such as the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and abortion.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark remained an active supporter of the Richmond art community. From 1941 to 1964 she was a member of the Virginia Arts Commission. The Commission helped to produce many of the murals and portraits displayed in state government buildings that depict the history of Virginia. Moreover, Clark's dedication to the teaching of art did not wane in these later years. She taught art to both the young and old in hospitals, schools and church classrooms. She also continued to enjoy creating her own artworks. Clark's paintings, mostly portraits and landscapes, have been exhibited in several states. One of her paintings, \"The Cherry Tree\", is in the permanent collection of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark had a unique perspective on the influence of art on her political ideology. She once stated, \"I've always tried to combine my interest in art with my interest in government. I think we ought to have more of the creative and imaginative in politics.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAdèle Clark died at the age of 100 on June 5, 1983.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e[Information from newspaper accounts and the Adèle Goodman Clark Papers.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTeacher of Organization and Parliamentary Law at Suffrage School\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChairman, Committee on Uniform Laws Concerning Women, Chicago, ILL\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChairman of the Committee on International Cooperation to Prevent War, of the NLWV, Miss Morgan was also President of the Colony Club of New York\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["A founding member of the Virginia suffrage movement and a prominent supporter of the arts in Virginia, Adèle Goodman Clark (1882-1983) exemplified the influential role civically active women played in the major social reform movements of the twentieth century. Calling politics and art her \"creative spirits\", Clark was involved in a number of reform initiatives throughout her century of life that championed the rights of women and promoted the arts.","The second oldest daughter of Robert Clark (1832?-1906) and Estelle Goodman Clark (1847-1937), Adèle was born in Montgomery, Alabama on September 27, 1882. Before moving permanently to Richmond, the Clark family lived in New Orleans, LA, as well as the small town of Pass Christian, MS. It was in a one room school house in the latter town that Adèle developed a fondness for the arts. After her family moved to Richmond in 1894, Adèle enrolled in the Virginia Randolph Ellett School (now St. Catherine's). Adèle also studied art with Lilly M. Logan, who ran the art school at the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906 she was awarded a scholarship to the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts (the Chase School of Art), where she studied under Kenneth Hays Miller, Douglas Cannal, William M. Chase, and Robert Henri, leader of the \"Ash Can\" school of painting. Upon her return to Richmond, Clark began a teaching career at the Art Club of Richmond. It was here that Adèle began her long association and friendship with acclaimed Virginia artist, Nora Houston. When the Art Club of Richmond was dissolved in 1917, the women went on to establish The Atelier. Under their direction this private art studio, located adjacent to Clark's Chamberlayne Avenue residence, became a training ground for such noted Virginia artists as Edmund Archer, Eleanor Fry and Theresa Pollack (founder of the VCU School of the Arts). Two years later they founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, where they both held the title of artistic director. During this period, they participated in a fundraising campaign for the resurrection of the old Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. Their goal became a reality in 1930 when the new Richmond Academy of Arts, forerunner to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, was established on Capitol Street.*","Clark's interest in the suffrage movement began in 1909 when she was asked by novelist Ellen Glasgow to sign a petition calling for Virginia women to gain voting privileges. On November 27th of that year Clark, along with eighteen other civic-minded women, held a preliminary meeting to discuss the establishment of a state-wide suffrage organization. At this first meeting of what would become the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, Clark was elected secretary, a position she held for one year. She later helped direct legislative initiatives, organized suffrage rallies and went on speaking tours that helped establish new League chapters throughout the state. Clark also served for several years as chair of the ratification committee and head of the Equal Suffrage League lobby to the Virginia General Assembly.","After passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 (which was ratified by Virginia in 1952), the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was transformed into the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV). For nearly two decades Clark played a major role in the VLWV.","Selected as the VLWV's first chair in 1920, Clark became president one year later. She held this position for eighteen years (nonconsecutively). Her work in the VLWV involved constant study of legislation involving social issues and governmental efficiency and administration. In 1924, Clark was elected to the board of the National League of Women Voters (NLWV) as Director of the Third Region. The region included Washington, D.C., Virginia, and six other southern states. The following year she was elected Second Vice President of the NLWV, in which capacity she served until the Spring of 1928. During that period Clark traveled to conventions in twenty-four states on speaking tours. Along with other officers of the NLWV she helped resolve league organizational problems.","In addition to her work for the VLWV and NLWV, Clark also served on two important state government commissions. In 1922, Governor E. Lee Trinkle appointed her to the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government, on which she served for two years as secretary of the Commission. In addition to performing the editorial and clerical work of the Commission, Clark also authored several of the chapters of the Commission's final report (January 1924) to the Virginia General Assembly. Four years later, Governor Harry F. Byrd, Jr. appointed Clark to the Liberal Arts College for Women Commission, on which she also served as secretary. The nine member Commission studied the feasibility of establishing a new liberal arts college for women in Virginia. The second report of the Commission (January 1930), which contained the \"set-up\" of the proposed college [now Mary Washington College?], was the product of research conducted by Clark with the assistance of Commission advisors.","Clark's strong commitment to higher education was exemplified in several other ways. From March - September, 1926, she served as the Social Director of women students at the College of William and Mary. She was also instrumental in the establishment of citizenship courses for women through the University of Virginia's Extension Division. The courses were designed to educate women about the intricacies of governmental institutions.","During the New Deal era, Clark distinguished herself in two important agencies. In 1933, she was selected as a field supervisor for the National Reemployment Service (NRS). Along with the state reemployment director and other field staff, she assisted in the organization of local reemployment offices throughout Virginia. After stepping down as field supervisor for the NRS, Clark became the Virginia Arts Project Director of the Work Projects Administration (WPA). This particular branch of the WPA was created to provide employment opportunities for artists in Virginia. In addition to producing murals for public buildings, artists employed by the WPA executed hundreds of paintings that were then distributed to local and state tax-supported institutions for display. One major accomplishment during Clark's tenure at the WPA was the establishment of new art galleries, such as the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap.","In the later years of her life, Adèle Clark remained active in the Richmond community. After converting to Roman Catholicism in 1942, Clark utilized her political experience as a member of the Richmond Diocesan Council of Catholic Women (RDCCW). From 1949 to 1959 she served as the chair of the RDCCW's Legislative Committee. Clark also continued to speak out against a number of issues affecting women, such as the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and abortion.","Clark remained an active supporter of the Richmond art community. From 1941 to 1964 she was a member of the Virginia Arts Commission. The Commission helped to produce many of the murals and portraits displayed in state government buildings that depict the history of Virginia. Moreover, Clark's dedication to the teaching of art did not wane in these later years. She taught art to both the young and old in hospitals, schools and church classrooms. She also continued to enjoy creating her own artworks. Clark's paintings, mostly portraits and landscapes, have been exhibited in several states. One of her paintings, \"The Cherry Tree\", is in the permanent collection of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.","Clark had a unique perspective on the influence of art on her political ideology. She once stated, \"I've always tried to combine my interest in art with my interest in government. I think we ought to have more of the creative and imaginative in politics.\"","Adèle Clark died at the age of 100 on June 5, 1983.","[Information from newspaper accounts and the Adèle Goodman Clark Papers.]","Teacher of Organization and Parliamentary Law at Suffrage School","Chairman, Committee on Uniform Laws Concerning Women, Chicago, ILL","Chairman of the Committee on International Cooperation to Prevent War, of the NLWV, Miss Morgan was also President of the Colony Club of New York"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdele Goodman Clark papers, Collection # M 9, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers, Collection # M 9, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is comprised of five major components, each with its own depth of coverage, usually dependent upon the length of Clark's involvement. The first major component of the collection contains materials pertaining to the Clark and Houston families with their multiple activities, responsibilities and affiliations. The documents in this section include the personal correspondence of Adèle Clark, Nora Houston, and members of both the Clark and Houston families. Correspondence from Estelle Goodman Clark, Cely \"Nainaine\" Ions, and Estelle Adèle Goodman\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilloughby Ions provide a richly detailed account of the more significant events within the Clark-Ions family. Also included is personal, business, and legal correspondence between members of the Goodman family, predating the Civil War, and personal correspondence to Clark and Nora Houston from close friends and associates such as Cornelia Adair, T. Bowyer Campbell, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon and Roberta Wellford. Additional family information is provided by legal and real estate correspondence, biographical sketches, family and genealogical histories, composition books, diaries, journals, and poetry by various members of the Clark and Houston families. Some items of significance include handwritten memoranda and notes, poems, short stories and other fictional material written by Adèle Clark during her lifetime. The Virginia Historical Society holds additional Clark family materials (see Appendices).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also includes correspondence from businesses and civic organizations with which Clark, Edith Clark Cowles, and the Dooley/Houston family were affiliated during their lifetimes. A list of the more significant organizations includes the Virginia Society for Crippled Children and Handicapped Adults, Commission of Inter-Racial (or Interracial) Cooperation, Woodrow Wilson Foundation, National Consumers League, and Social Science Research Council-Committee on Public Administration. There is also correspondence from prominent local and state government officials that further document the political activities and biases of these women. Brochures, memoranda and publications from these organizations are scattered throughout the collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhile the family correspondence provides information about Clark's early years, the greatest significance of the collection lies in its documentation of the activities of the suffrage movement, both locally and nationally. The collection is particularly strong in its representation of correspondence, reports, memoranda and publications reflecting the sentiments and political positions of both the pro- and anti- suffrage movement from 1913 until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. A large portion of this segment also documents the actions of the post-suffragists in their work through the national, state and local chapters of the League of Women Voters (LWV). Clark's considerable role of participation in the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) in the first two decades of the organization provides an abundant amount of material chronicling the many social and political issues in which local and national LWV members were engaged. Although the documentation of the activities of the LWV continues well into the 1970s, the collection is not as strong for the later years as it is for the earlier period.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe suffrage materials, the second and largest component in the collection, are composed of documentation of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV), Richmond League of Women Voters, the VLWV, and the reorganized League of Women Voters of Virginia (LWVV). The ESLV materials includes correspondence, committee and financial memoranda, convention material, notes, reports and miscellaneous literature. There is a large quantity of outgoing correspondence created by the corresponding secretaries of the ESLV which pertains to the efforts of organizing local suffrage chapters throughout the state and between officers of the ESLV, state and national government officials. Also included is correspondence between ESLV President, Lila Meade Valentine, and women of significance within the suffrage movement including Carrie Chapman Catt, Anna Howard Shaw, Maud Wood Park and Kate Gordon. While there is a substantial amount of correspondence generated by the central office of the ESLV, between 1909-1912 there are some major gaps. A portion of this documentation for the early history of the ESLV can be found at the Library of Virginia (see Appendices). Throughout its eleven year existence, the ESLV compiled an enormous amount of literature on the suffrage movement published by the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), and other organizations. Materials generated by the movement and represented in this portion of the collection include petitions, photographs, enrollment cards, posters, suffrage maps, sashes and other ephemeral items. Additional publications have not been indexed but are available for research.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the materials of the remaining suffrage organizations represented in the collection fall within a fourteen year time frame, 1920-1934, and includes President/Executive Secretary correspondence, bulletins, circulars, committee memoranda, and financial statements as well as records relating to the Virginia Cookery Book, the Governor's Ball and the citizenship courses sponsored by the VLWV. Clark also corresponded with the President of the NLWV and other officers in the national organization. The significant correspondents include Maud Wood Park, Belle Sherwin, Katherine Ludington, and Gertrude Ely. Incoming correspondence from prominent Virginia women such as Faith Morgan, Roberta Wellford, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon, Kate Waller Barrett, Mrs. John L. Lewis of Lynchburg, Mrs. John H. Lewis of Ashland, and Mrs C.E. [Jessie] Townsend of Norfolk can be found in both the President/Executive Correspondence files and the Board of Directors/Executive Committee/Standing Committees file of the VLWV.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe records of the VLWV document in great detail the legislative agenda over a fourteen year period. The VLWV materials contain correspondence, circulars, memoranda questionnaires and reports pertaining to the Children's Code Commission, Virginia Women's Council Legislative Chairman of State Organizations and other major committees of the VLWV; revealing which major pieces of legislation were of utmost concern to Clark and the VLWV. Like its predecessor, the VLWV collected a wide variety of literature from state, national and international organizations which championed a spectrum of causes of interest to Clark and her associates. These organizations include the League of Nations Association, National Council for the Prevention of War, National Women's Trade Union League of America, and Southern Council of Women and Children in Industry.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDocumentation of the NLWV (1920-1945) and the later reorganized League of Woman Voters of Virginia (1946-presents) includes correspondence and memoranda produced by Clark as Second Vice President in charge of Legislation and Law Enforcement and Third Regional Director for the NLWV. In addition to correspondence, memoranda, minutes, notes and reports there are materials detailing her involvement in nationally sponsored speaking tours throughout several regions of the United States. Items from the national office consist of mimeographed Adèle Goodman Clark correspondence and memoranda, reports, press releases and various publications created by the major standing committees and departments of the NLWV. Clark's activity in both the state and national leagues diminished to a great extent after 1934. Records of the latter local, state and national organizations primarily consists of bulletins, newsletters, and other literature published and distributed by the organizations.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark was very involved in the commemoration of the contributions of Lila Meade Valentine to the suffrage movement. The collection contains the organizational records of the Lila Meade Valentine Memorial Association (1921-1937), which was established to raise money for a memorial tablet dedicated to Mrs. Valentine to be placed in the Capitol Building in Richmond. Much of the material consists of correspondence and memoranda between the association's chairperson, Adèle Clark and the individuals who contributed to the memorial fund. There is also correspondence between Clark and the sculptor chosen to produce the memorial tablet. Other material includes financial data, contributors lists, minutes, notes and reports documenting the association's fundraising activities.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection of materials related to state and national politics comprises the third major section of the Clark Papers. These materials include correspondence, memoranda, minutes, reports, statistical data, and literature generated by or related to the work of the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government (1921-1927) and the Liberal Arts College Commission (1918, 1929-1933). Material pertaining to both of these government commissions highlight the research and information gathering work undertaken by Clark and the members of these commissions before presentation of the final reports to the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also contains the annotated drafts and proofs of the reports in various stages of development. Correspondence, notes, reports and travel vouchers highlight Clark's duties as a NRS Field Supervisor and her involvement with the National Reemployment Service (1925-1937). Correspondence between Clark and the State Reemployment Director reveal the types of reemployment projects in which the NRS was actively engaged throughout the state. In addition, correspondence between Clark and other field staff demonstrate the extent to which Clark participated in managing local reemployment offices during her tenure with the NRS. Published reports, speeches, manuals, newspaper clippings and other ephemeral materials are also included.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe fourth area of interest of Adèle's, as reflected in the collection, was religion. Included here are the organizational records and personal items documenting the religious activities of Clark, Nora Houston, and several members of the Houston family. It should be noted that Clark was baptized and confirmed in the Episcopal Church and later became a devout Roman Catholic after Nora Houston's death in 1942. Included is correspondence between both women and various religious organizations, church leaflets, pamphlets and prayerbooks, periodicals and other items of a religious nature. Some of the organizations with which Clark and Houston corresponded include the Catholic Woman's Club, National Council of Catholic Women, National Conference on Christians and Jews, and Catholic Daughters of America. Beth Ahabah Museum and Archives holds other materials of a religious nature relating to the Goodman family.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe final component of the collection, second in size only to that of the suffrage and voting rights material, is that of art, particularly art in Virginia. An artist by training, Adèle Clark worked ceaselessly for increased public awareness of the traditions and richness of art within the Commonwealth. To this end, the collection documents the contributions of Clark and her colleagues in the following endeavors: the Art Club of Richmond, Atelier, Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, Richmond Academy of Arts, Virginia Arts Commission, and Works Project Administration-Federal Arts Project. In addition to containing the correspondence relating to the operations of these organizations, the records also contain memoranda, minutes and reports of committees, and materials on exhibitions sponsored by these organizations. Of particular significance are the records of the Academy Committee of the Art Club that document the committee's role in attempting to resurrect the arts academy. Materials relating to the WPA and the Virginia Arts Commission emphasize Clark's substantial role in making the public a more active player in the promotion of the arts. Clark's monthly and narrative reports on several WPA art galleries, as well as data on the Index of American Design, provide a detailed account of the variety of art projects the WPA underwrote in Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also contains a range of art and art school publications, art supply advertisements, catalogs, exhibition bulletins and notices from local and national art institutions. A small number of drawings, sketches and miscellaneous artwork created by Adèle Clark, Nora Houston and other artists are also represented. Some of the more notable pieces include Clark's original lithograph \"Richmond Market at Christmas\", copies of Nora Houston's house sketches and artwork produced by children of various ages. Lastly there are numerous kinds of illustrations and reproductions that Clark and Houston utilized in their art classes.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSignificant portions of the collection are in fragile condition, particularly newspaper clippings and photographs. Reference copies of the photographs are available for use. A large portion of the clippings have been photocopied and the process will continue as time and staff permit.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections has also purchased suffrage and related materials. Please ask a staffmember for information about these supporting items.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle Clark's cousins.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Mother of Adèle Clark. Nicknames include \"Dree,\" \"Muzzie,\" and \"Pouncey.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Father of Adèle Clarke.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Father of Julius D. Cowles who was married to Adèle Clark's sister Edith.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Older sister to Adèle Clarke, married to Julius \"Jules\" D. Cowles, her nicknames include \"Baby,\" \"Deetie,\" and \"Binn.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle Clarke's neice, daughter of Edith and Julius Cowles, married to James Cox.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Younger sister of Adèle Clarke, married to G. Frank Dew, her nicknames include \"Trudie,\" Trudee,\" and \"Teedee.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Maternal uncle to Adèle Clark.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clark.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Cousin related to the Clarke family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clarke and her godmother, married to Robert Ions. Also nicknamed \"Nainaine.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle's cousin, daughter of Cely and Robert Ions. She went by the name Willoughby.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Sister of Robert Ions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle Clarke's uncle, married to Cecile \"Cely\" Goodman Ions. Nicknames include \"Godpa\" and \"Berto.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Mary Dooley Jones.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: friend of Adèle, became a priest in the Episcopal Church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Estelle Goodman Clark's brother.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle's cousin, son of Cely and Robert Ions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Sister of Josephine Dooley Houston and Mary Dooley Jones.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Cousin of Alice Dooley.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Daughter of Josephine and Henry Houston.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Josephine Dooley Houston.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[merged with the restored Academy in the spring of 1930]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[grew out of the Atelier and later merged with the Academy]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes children's art work, art club material, instructional material; Japanese print.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo labeled \"Class Room Building--State Teacher's College, Farmville, Virginia--Frank F. Stone Architect, Roanoke, Virginia, July 10, 1944\"; a third blue print labeled \"Improvements to Employees Cottage as suggested by Art Commission, May 5, 1944\"; fourth labeled \"Temporary Employee Cottage, Division of the Budget, March 29, 1944\";drawing for inscription of building \"Julian H. Burruss Hall\" labeled \"Teaching and Admin. Building, Va. Polytechnic Inst., Blacksburg, VA - Carneal, Johnston \u0026amp; Wright Architects \u0026amp; Engineers, Richmond, Virginia.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVarious institutions to Benjamin Franklin Dew Jr., 1930s-1940s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEntitled \"Proposed Store For Mr. S.W. Farran - Designed by W.R. Snapp, 1107 Penn St. N.E.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCapitol Area of Richmond, undated; Map of Richmond and Environs, Department of Public Works, 1923; Drawn map of Richmond's North Side.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDepicts status of women's suffrage (framed and fragile).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSuffrage era map - \"The Woman Voter and the next President of the United States\" - showing which states women can vote and which ones women cannot vote.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAll with heading of the Virginia League of Woman Voters and labeled as follows: Congressional Districts Organized; Counties having some form of organization; Counties and cities holding citizenship schools; Virginia League of Women voters organized November 10, 1920; Number of Leagues organized; and one unlabeled.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLarge flyer on which states have compulsory school attendance, 1921; map of Virginia by Virginia Department of Agriculture and Immigration; a chart compiled by Lucia R. Maxwell on International Socialism 1922-1923, showing various woman's organizations; poster of Anchor Line Twin Screw Geared Turbine Steamer named the \"California\"; Centennial Memorial of United States--Declaration of Independence, published by Baltimore and Ohio Railroad; Victory Liberty Loan poster; anti-war poster; poster of mechanized man and horse; Virginia Society for Human Life poster; League of Women Voters poster \"Vote\" (2 posters); sheet music: \"Votes for Women\" - Suffrage Rallying Song.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(includes items on women's suffrage; voting habits; a \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRichmond News-Leader, \u003c/title\u003eSuffrage Supplement, and an article on paintings at Richmond Woman's Club; an article by Adèle Clark; several pages of the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRichmond Times-Dispatch, \u003c/title\u003e November 2, 1933 about the Community Fund; Atlanta Journal, June 12, 1919 article on U.S. Senate passing suffrage amendment; front page of \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRichmond Times-Dispatch, \u003c/title\u003e January 1, 1929, article on what Virginia leaders would like to see in 1929, includes article by Adèle Clark.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMajority of the photographs are from the Equal Suffrage League or Virginia League of Women Voters' events. All of these photographs have been reproduced and can be found elsewhere in Series XVII.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo different posters on the prevention of war; a Department of the Interior, Bureau of Education poster entitled \"How and Why to Stand Correctly\" 1918; a draft version of a poster by the Equal Suffrage League with typewritten history of suffrage in Virginia and the printed finished copy.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.","The collection is comprised of five major components, each with its own depth of coverage, usually dependent upon the length of Clark's involvement. The first major component of the collection contains materials pertaining to the Clark and Houston families with their multiple activities, responsibilities and affiliations. The documents in this section include the personal correspondence of Adèle Clark, Nora Houston, and members of both the Clark and Houston families. Correspondence from Estelle Goodman Clark, Cely \"Nainaine\" Ions, and Estelle Adèle Goodman","Willoughby Ions provide a richly detailed account of the more significant events within the Clark-Ions family. Also included is personal, business, and legal correspondence between members of the Goodman family, predating the Civil War, and personal correspondence to Clark and Nora Houston from close friends and associates such as Cornelia Adair, T. Bowyer Campbell, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon and Roberta Wellford. Additional family information is provided by legal and real estate correspondence, biographical sketches, family and genealogical histories, composition books, diaries, journals, and poetry by various members of the Clark and Houston families. Some items of significance include handwritten memoranda and notes, poems, short stories and other fictional material written by Adèle Clark during her lifetime. The Virginia Historical Society holds additional Clark family materials (see Appendices).","The collection also includes correspondence from businesses and civic organizations with which Clark, Edith Clark Cowles, and the Dooley/Houston family were affiliated during their lifetimes. A list of the more significant organizations includes the Virginia Society for Crippled Children and Handicapped Adults, Commission of Inter-Racial (or Interracial) Cooperation, Woodrow Wilson Foundation, National Consumers League, and Social Science Research Council-Committee on Public Administration. There is also correspondence from prominent local and state government officials that further document the political activities and biases of these women. Brochures, memoranda and publications from these organizations are scattered throughout the collection.","While the family correspondence provides information about Clark's early years, the greatest significance of the collection lies in its documentation of the activities of the suffrage movement, both locally and nationally. The collection is particularly strong in its representation of correspondence, reports, memoranda and publications reflecting the sentiments and political positions of both the pro- and anti- suffrage movement from 1913 until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. A large portion of this segment also documents the actions of the post-suffragists in their work through the national, state and local chapters of the League of Women Voters (LWV). Clark's considerable role of participation in the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) in the first two decades of the organization provides an abundant amount of material chronicling the many social and political issues in which local and national LWV members were engaged. Although the documentation of the activities of the LWV continues well into the 1970s, the collection is not as strong for the later years as it is for the earlier period.","The suffrage materials, the second and largest component in the collection, are composed of documentation of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV), Richmond League of Women Voters, the VLWV, and the reorganized League of Women Voters of Virginia (LWVV). The ESLV materials includes correspondence, committee and financial memoranda, convention material, notes, reports and miscellaneous literature. There is a large quantity of outgoing correspondence created by the corresponding secretaries of the ESLV which pertains to the efforts of organizing local suffrage chapters throughout the state and between officers of the ESLV, state and national government officials. Also included is correspondence between ESLV President, Lila Meade Valentine, and women of significance within the suffrage movement including Carrie Chapman Catt, Anna Howard Shaw, Maud Wood Park and Kate Gordon. While there is a substantial amount of correspondence generated by the central office of the ESLV, between 1909-1912 there are some major gaps. A portion of this documentation for the early history of the ESLV can be found at the Library of Virginia (see Appendices). Throughout its eleven year existence, the ESLV compiled an enormous amount of literature on the suffrage movement published by the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), and other organizations. Materials generated by the movement and represented in this portion of the collection include petitions, photographs, enrollment cards, posters, suffrage maps, sashes and other ephemeral items. Additional publications have not been indexed but are available for research.","The bulk of the materials of the remaining suffrage organizations represented in the collection fall within a fourteen year time frame, 1920-1934, and includes President/Executive Secretary correspondence, bulletins, circulars, committee memoranda, and financial statements as well as records relating to the Virginia Cookery Book, the Governor's Ball and the citizenship courses sponsored by the VLWV. Clark also corresponded with the President of the NLWV and other officers in the national organization. The significant correspondents include Maud Wood Park, Belle Sherwin, Katherine Ludington, and Gertrude Ely. Incoming correspondence from prominent Virginia women such as Faith Morgan, Roberta Wellford, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon, Kate Waller Barrett, Mrs. John L. Lewis of Lynchburg, Mrs. John H. Lewis of Ashland, and Mrs C.E. [Jessie] Townsend of Norfolk can be found in both the President/Executive Correspondence files and the Board of Directors/Executive Committee/Standing Committees file of the VLWV.","The records of the VLWV document in great detail the legislative agenda over a fourteen year period. The VLWV materials contain correspondence, circulars, memoranda questionnaires and reports pertaining to the Children's Code Commission, Virginia Women's Council Legislative Chairman of State Organizations and other major committees of the VLWV; revealing which major pieces of legislation were of utmost concern to Clark and the VLWV. Like its predecessor, the VLWV collected a wide variety of literature from state, national and international organizations which championed a spectrum of causes of interest to Clark and her associates. These organizations include the League of Nations Association, National Council for the Prevention of War, National Women's Trade Union League of America, and Southern Council of Women and Children in Industry.","Documentation of the NLWV (1920-1945) and the later reorganized League of Woman Voters of Virginia (1946-presents) includes correspondence and memoranda produced by Clark as Second Vice President in charge of Legislation and Law Enforcement and Third Regional Director for the NLWV. In addition to correspondence, memoranda, minutes, notes and reports there are materials detailing her involvement in nationally sponsored speaking tours throughout several regions of the United States. Items from the national office consist of mimeographed Adèle Goodman Clark correspondence and memoranda, reports, press releases and various publications created by the major standing committees and departments of the NLWV. Clark's activity in both the state and national leagues diminished to a great extent after 1934. Records of the latter local, state and national organizations primarily consists of bulletins, newsletters, and other literature published and distributed by the organizations.","Clark was very involved in the commemoration of the contributions of Lila Meade Valentine to the suffrage movement. The collection contains the organizational records of the Lila Meade Valentine Memorial Association (1921-1937), which was established to raise money for a memorial tablet dedicated to Mrs. Valentine to be placed in the Capitol Building in Richmond. Much of the material consists of correspondence and memoranda between the association's chairperson, Adèle Clark and the individuals who contributed to the memorial fund. There is also correspondence between Clark and the sculptor chosen to produce the memorial tablet. Other material includes financial data, contributors lists, minutes, notes and reports documenting the association's fundraising activities.","The collection of materials related to state and national politics comprises the third major section of the Clark Papers. These materials include correspondence, memoranda, minutes, reports, statistical data, and literature generated by or related to the work of the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government (1921-1927) and the Liberal Arts College Commission (1918, 1929-1933). Material pertaining to both of these government commissions highlight the research and information gathering work undertaken by Clark and the members of these commissions before presentation of the final reports to the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also contains the annotated drafts and proofs of the reports in various stages of development. Correspondence, notes, reports and travel vouchers highlight Clark's duties as a NRS Field Supervisor and her involvement with the National Reemployment Service (1925-1937). Correspondence between Clark and the State Reemployment Director reveal the types of reemployment projects in which the NRS was actively engaged throughout the state. In addition, correspondence between Clark and other field staff demonstrate the extent to which Clark participated in managing local reemployment offices during her tenure with the NRS. Published reports, speeches, manuals, newspaper clippings and other ephemeral materials are also included.","The fourth area of interest of Adèle's, as reflected in the collection, was religion. Included here are the organizational records and personal items documenting the religious activities of Clark, Nora Houston, and several members of the Houston family. It should be noted that Clark was baptized and confirmed in the Episcopal Church and later became a devout Roman Catholic after Nora Houston's death in 1942. Included is correspondence between both women and various religious organizations, church leaflets, pamphlets and prayerbooks, periodicals and other items of a religious nature. Some of the organizations with which Clark and Houston corresponded include the Catholic Woman's Club, National Council of Catholic Women, National Conference on Christians and Jews, and Catholic Daughters of America. Beth Ahabah Museum and Archives holds other materials of a religious nature relating to the Goodman family.","The final component of the collection, second in size only to that of the suffrage and voting rights material, is that of art, particularly art in Virginia. An artist by training, Adèle Clark worked ceaselessly for increased public awareness of the traditions and richness of art within the Commonwealth. To this end, the collection documents the contributions of Clark and her colleagues in the following endeavors: the Art Club of Richmond, Atelier, Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, Richmond Academy of Arts, Virginia Arts Commission, and Works Project Administration-Federal Arts Project. In addition to containing the correspondence relating to the operations of these organizations, the records also contain memoranda, minutes and reports of committees, and materials on exhibitions sponsored by these organizations. Of particular significance are the records of the Academy Committee of the Art Club that document the committee's role in attempting to resurrect the arts academy. Materials relating to the WPA and the Virginia Arts Commission emphasize Clark's substantial role in making the public a more active player in the promotion of the arts. Clark's monthly and narrative reports on several WPA art galleries, as well as data on the Index of American Design, provide a detailed account of the variety of art projects the WPA underwrote in Virginia.","The collection also contains a range of art and art school publications, art supply advertisements, catalogs, exhibition bulletins and notices from local and national art institutions. A small number of drawings, sketches and miscellaneous artwork created by Adèle Clark, Nora Houston and other artists are also represented. Some of the more notable pieces include Clark's original lithograph \"Richmond Market at Christmas\", copies of Nora Houston's house sketches and artwork produced by children of various ages. Lastly there are numerous kinds of illustrations and reproductions that Clark and Houston utilized in their art classes.","Significant portions of the collection are in fragile condition, particularly newspaper clippings and photographs. Reference copies of the photographs are available for use. A large portion of the clippings have been photocopied and the process will continue as time and staff permit.","Special Collections has also purchased suffrage and related materials. Please ask a staffmember for information about these supporting items.","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousins.","Relationship: Mother of Adèle Clark. Nicknames include \"Dree,\" \"Muzzie,\" and \"Pouncey.\"","Relationship: Father of Adèle Clarke.","Relationship: Father of Julius D. Cowles who was married to Adèle Clark's sister Edith.","Relationship: Older sister to Adèle Clarke, married to Julius \"Jules\" D. Cowles, her nicknames include \"Baby,\" \"Deetie,\" and \"Binn.\"","Relationship: Adèle Clarke's neice, daughter of Edith and Julius Cowles, married to James Cox.","Relationship: Younger sister of Adèle Clarke, married to G. Frank Dew, her nicknames include \"Trudie,\" Trudee,\" and \"Teedee.\"","Relationship: Maternal uncle to Adèle Clark.","Relationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clark.","Relationship: Cousin related to the Clarke family.","Relationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clarke and her godmother, married to Robert Ions. Also nicknamed \"Nainaine.\"","Relationship: Adèle's cousin, daughter of Cely and Robert Ions. She went by the name Willoughby.","Relationship: Sister of Robert Ions.","Relationship: Adèle Clarke's uncle, married to Cecile \"Cely\" Goodman Ions. Nicknames include \"Godpa\" and \"Berto.\"","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.","Relationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Mary Dooley Jones.","Relationship: friend of Adèle, became a priest in the Episcopal Church.","Relationship: Estelle Goodman Clark's brother.","Relationship: Adèle's cousin, son of Cely and Robert Ions.","Relationship: Sister of Josephine Dooley Houston and Mary Dooley Jones.","Relationship: Cousin of Alice Dooley.","Relationship: Daughter of Josephine and Henry Houston.","Relationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Josephine Dooley Houston.","[merged with the restored Academy in the spring of 1930]","[grew out of the Atelier and later merged with the Academy]","Includes children's art work, art club material, instructional material; Japanese print.","Two labeled \"Class Room Building--State Teacher's College, Farmville, Virginia--Frank F. Stone Architect, Roanoke, Virginia, July 10, 1944\"; a third blue print labeled \"Improvements to Employees Cottage as suggested by Art Commission, May 5, 1944\"; fourth labeled \"Temporary Employee Cottage, Division of the Budget, March 29, 1944\";drawing for inscription of building \"Julian H. Burruss Hall\" labeled \"Teaching and Admin. Building, Va. Polytechnic Inst., Blacksburg, VA - Carneal, Johnston \u0026 Wright Architects \u0026 Engineers, Richmond, Virginia.\"","Various institutions to Benjamin Franklin Dew Jr., 1930s-1940s.","Entitled \"Proposed Store For Mr. S.W. Farran - Designed by W.R. Snapp, 1107 Penn St. N.E.\"","Capitol Area of Richmond, undated; Map of Richmond and Environs, Department of Public Works, 1923; Drawn map of Richmond's North Side.","Depicts status of women's suffrage (framed and fragile).","Suffrage era map - \"The Woman Voter and the next President of the United States\" - showing which states women can vote and which ones women cannot vote.","All with heading of the Virginia League of Woman Voters and labeled as follows: Congressional Districts Organized; Counties having some form of organization; Counties and cities holding citizenship schools; Virginia League of Women voters organized November 10, 1920; Number of Leagues organized; and one unlabeled.","Large flyer on which states have compulsory school attendance, 1921; map of Virginia by Virginia Department of Agriculture and Immigration; a chart compiled by Lucia R. Maxwell on International Socialism 1922-1923, showing various woman's organizations; poster of Anchor Line Twin Screw Geared Turbine Steamer named the \"California\"; Centennial Memorial of United States--Declaration of Independence, published by Baltimore and Ohio Railroad; Victory Liberty Loan poster; anti-war poster; poster of mechanized man and horse; Virginia Society for Human Life poster; League of Women Voters poster \"Vote\" (2 posters); sheet music: \"Votes for Women\" - Suffrage Rallying Song.","(includes items on women's suffrage; voting habits; a  Richmond News-Leader,  Suffrage Supplement, and an article on paintings at Richmond Woman's Club; an article by Adèle Clark; several pages of the  Richmond Times-Dispatch,   November 2, 1933 about the Community Fund; Atlanta Journal, June 12, 1919 article on U.S. Senate passing suffrage amendment; front page of  Richmond Times-Dispatch,   January 1, 1929, article on what Virginia leaders would like to see in 1929, includes article by Adèle Clark.","Majority of the photographs are from the Equal Suffrage League or Virginia League of Women Voters' events. All of these photographs have been reproduced and can be found elsewhere in Series XVII.","Two different posters on the prevention of war; a Department of the Interior, Bureau of Education poster entitled \"How and Why to Stand Correctly\" 1918; a draft version of a poster by the Equal Suffrage League with typewritten history of suffrage in Virginia and the printed finished copy."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_coll_ssim":["League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3079,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T04:37:44.566Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_279"}},{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_469","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Administration records collection","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_469#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Washington College (Lexington, Va.)","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_469#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection includes early Washington and Lee University papers and miscellaneous materials supplementary to the university's trustee's records, faculty meeting minutes, and treaurer's records. Much of this collection was found over decades from various locations on campus and housed in the Treasurer's Office.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_469#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_469","ead_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_469","_root_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_469","_nest_parent_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_469","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WLU/repositories_5_resources_469.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Administration records collection","title_ssm":["Administration records collection"],"title_tesim":["Administration records collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1776-1976 (bulk 1840-1900)"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1776-1976 (bulk 1840-1900)"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Record Group","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["WLU.RG.1.01","/repositories/5/resources/469"],"text":["WLU.RG.1.01","/repositories/5/resources/469","Administration records collection","Business records","Enslaved persons","The collection is open for research use.","This collection has been arranged into the following series: Business Records, Administration, Faculty, Students, General, and Printed Material.","This collection's former unique identifer was WLU Coll 112.","This collection includes early Washington and Lee University papers and miscellaneous materials supplementary to the university's trustee's records, faculty meeting minutes, and treaurer's records. Much of this collection was found over decades from various locations on campus and housed in the Treasurer's Office.","The Business Records series includes primarily documents related to the financial history of the university. They include related correspondence, invoices, and receipts. The invoices and receipts document expenditures such as purchases of wood as a heating source, purchases of supplies to support building repair and/or construction, such as the Chapel and Lee House, as well as fees for labor, purchases of books for the library, purchases of supplies and equipment for teaching,  purchase of Confederate bonds, salaries and wages, payments for newspaper subscriptions, advertisements, printing, and fire insurance. Other subjects include Robinson and Santini medals, the John Robinson monument (1855), the purchase of lab supplies and instruments, property rentals, insurance, investments, endowments, scholarships, tuition, promissory notes, bonds, and the purchase of furniture. There are also documents related to enslaved persons. One document is specific to the John Robinson estate. Others refer to the sale or hiring out of enslaved individuals. It is noted within the folder description if the documents lists the names of these individuals. At least one of the earliest documents in this series mentions the Timber Ridge location and Fort Randolph. The records created during the presidency of Robert E. Lee sometime include his signature and notes.","\nThe Administration series includes correspondence sent to or written by trustees, presidents, or other officers. Subjects include the purchasing of mineral specimens (G. W. C. Lee), Cyrus McCormick (correspondent), athletics, correspondence about the Chapel controversy, correspondence about the library, and an oath book signed by both trustees and Librarian Annie White. There is also correspondence related to and with fundraising and fundraising agents including R. D. Lilley, George Peabody, Grover Cleveland, and Oswald Garrison Villard. Villard co-founded the NAACP in 1909.","The Faculty series includes letters of recommendation, letters about student absences and students requesting leave and/or accommodation for tuition, commencement invitations, the College Hotel and student lodging, papers acted upon by the faculty, and papers related to the American Association of University Professors. The letters from fathers of students or students themselves regarding requesting leave from school usually include the reason why which primarily relates to finances or the student's health. Some of the correspondence addressed to the faculty are related to student misconduct. Of particular note is a May 1849 document signed by faculty and officers of both Washington College and the Virginia Military Institute speaking about against the Lexington Bowling Alley. ","The Students series includes documents related to student conduct, student petitions, recruitment, and admissions. Of particular note are the documents from 1858 regarding an incident in which students were dismissed from school for drinking and the eventual burning in effigy of the two professors who caught and dismissed them.","The General series includes correspondence about catalog requests, the Alumni Association, and subject files.","The Printed Material series includes broadsides, circulars, pamphlets, etc. that were printed by our about the university including events and programs.","Researchers should be aware that there might be overlap in subject matter and correspondents among the series. References to fundraising, for example, can be found across series. ","\nResearchers should note that this collection was reviewed and organized chronologically as Miscellaneous Papers and Miscellaneous Bills, Receipts, and Vouchers by Dr. William Webb Pusey in 1982. An updated review and the resulting reprocessing was undertaken to create what is expected to be a more cohesive organization and description in effort to increase both the discoverability and accessibility of the contents. Some of Dr. Pusey's decisions regarding arrangement have been kept in the interest of time and the challenge of trying to determine where the documents were originally pulled from. For example, he combined letters of tribute about Professor J. J. White that were sent to Washington and Lee President G. W. C. Lee along with other tributes to White into one folder. That folder remains. He also combined documentation associated with and/or created by the work of Robert D. Lilley in his capacity as a fundraising agent for the university. He combined letters sent to faculty and administrators asking for university catalogs and/or circulars. While these requests have been kept together and arranged chronologically, researchers should be aware that while some letters only ask for a catalog, others include much more information about the letter writer, such as their current financial situation, their educational background, their service in the American Civil War, and their desire to attend or have their son attend the university because of President Robert E. Lee. Researchers are encouraged to consult these files as they might find useful information contained therein.","Documents within this collection were heavily consulted by Ollinger Crenshaw in researching his book  General Lee's College.","Book purchases","Documents related to fundraising and the construction of the Liberty Hall Academy building in Lexington.","Book purchases and list of books received from John Rodgers donation","Of particular note is a payroll of \"hands employed at Washington College buildings\" who are described as \"white employees\" on the reverse (1866).","Includes receipt for paying Ellick his 1/2 annual allotment for board and clothing","Includes paid invoice for hiring of Ellick","Includes payments made to Ellick","Includes continued hiring of Ellick, an account for Dr. Paine to see Jerry (enslaved) at W. Wilson's, invoice to pay for the work of Elijah","Includes hiring of Jeff and receipts for paying Ellick and Jeff","Includes receipts for paying Jackson's wages","Includes librarian's report","Includes directive to pay A. W. Cameron for the hiring of Alex","Includes letter from Cyrus McCormick regarding $5000 donation","Engineering and Physical Laboratories","Tucker Memorial Hall construction","Construction of Chemistry building","A couple of these relate to John Robinson.","Robinson Estate (includes names of unsold enslaved individuals)","Includes the names of the enslaved and their monetary value","John Robinson estate","Includes a list of men who hired enslaved individuals owned (not named) by Washington College","Also included is a report on students for the 1859/1860 session.","Fundraising","To recoup financial losses suffered by the university as a result of Hunter's Raid","Documentation used to support financial claim to money owed the university by the federal government for losses suffered during Hunter's Raid. Of particular note is a list specific to the loss of library materials.","alumnus and financial agent","alumnus and financial agent","alumnus and financial agent","alumnus and financial agent","This folder includes a description of Cyrus McCormick's funeral.","alumnus and financial agent","Contributors included Booker T. Washington, Isidor Strauss, Oswald Garrison Villard, and Grover Cleveland","Includes correspondence from former U. S. President Grover Cleveland, Oswald Garrison Villard (a future co-founder of the NAACP), and Herbert Welsh.","Correspondents are George Peabody and Oswald Garrison Villard (fundraising agents for the Wilson fund) and John L. Campbell of Washington and Lee. There are references made to a paper published by Trustee Givens Brown Strickler.","Rector of the Board of Trustees, Professor of Law and Equity, Includes letters from Cyrus McCormick","Librarian\nClerk of Faculty\nSecretary and Treasurer to the Trustees","Librarian\nClerk of Faculty\nSecretary and Treasurer to the Trustees","Subjects include election of new university president and the John Marshall portrait","Librarian\nClerk of Faculty\nSecretary and Treasurer to the Trustees","Subjects include John Marshall portrait","Secretary and Treasurer for Trustees","Trustee","Trustee","Trustee","Trustee","Santini medal, mineral specimens purchase, athletic scholarships","Includes handwritten manuscript notice dated November 7, 1912 which announces to students that at their request, the faculty has granted them a holiday to attend a game in Roanoke. The notice reminds the students that they are the \"custodians of the honor and reputation of their alma mater while there representing the customs and standards\" of Washington and Lee. It further states, \"I trust, therefore, that no representative of our campus will be seen entering a bar room or other degrading resort, gambling, or doing anything which would grieve or humiliate their parents, were they present.\"","The plat was found and removed (by unknown individual) from Board Board Volume 1811-1844. It was originally located in the minutes of October 2, 1844.","Handwritten note by President Lee acknowledging that he shared it with the Trustees","Oath book signed by Trustees and the Annie R. White as the Librarian","Graham family Bible","Professor of Applied Mathematics","Librarian and Clerk of the Faculty","Librarian and Proctor, Clerk of the Faculty, Treasurer","Librarian and Proctor, Clerk of the Faculty, Treasurer","Librarian and Proctor, Clerk of the Faculty, Treasurer","Librarian and Proctor, Clerk of the Faculty, Treasurer","Professor of Latin","Professor of History and English Literature","The 1868 letters were addressed to Johnson, J. J. White, and Edward S. Joynes as the \"Committee of the Faculty.\"","Professor of Modern Languages and English Philology","Professor of Moral Philosophy","Librarian\nClerk of the Faculty\nTreasurer","Librarian, Clerk of the Faculty, Treasurer","McCormick Professor of Natural Philosophy","Cincinnati Professor of Mathematics","Professor of Greek","Regarding the request/order to open a hospital within campus buildings. Faculty ask that the buildings remain in use for educational purposes as they are not fit to accommodate a hospital and lists the various reasons how the buildings aren't compatible for use as a hospital. The letter is signed by Carter J. Harris, Alexander L. Nelson, James J. White, and John L. Campbell.","Building Committee (Graham Hall/Graham Literary Society, Library), Committee to confer with the Resident Masters, Committee to report a plan for the enlargement of the Faculty, Committee on Chapel Service, Library Committee, Committee on Dormitory (Kappa Sigma Fraternity), Committee on Courses, Committee on Entrance Requirements for Freshmen","Friend of Washington and Lee University","Delivered a few days before Kirkpatrick's death, professor of Moral Philosophy","Professor of Moral Philosophy","Rector","The 1868 document was written by the faculty in support of students. It relates to town and gown relations and race relations, and refers to the murder of an African American man. The other documents relate to student behaviors which may have resulted in punishment.","Petition to readmit E. J. Parsons who was expelled, request for the Treasurer to pay 1/2 of deposit to the YMCA, Petition concerning the boarding house/college hotel.","Professors John L. Campbell, Sr. and Junius Fishburn discovered three intoxicated students: W. W. Houston, R. K. Estill, and W. M. Brown. The faculty voted to dismiss them from Washington College. The student body petitioned for their co-horts to be reinstated but were denied. They burned in effigy both professors. In addition to the petition, the folder includes a printed description of events dated March 15 as well as two documents of apology issued to the faculty by offending students. The printed description says there were two intoxicated students but the petition lists the three above.","Commencement Party (1854 June 1), Seventh Annual Congress of the Scotch Irish Society of America (1895 June), inaugration of President William Lyne Wilson (1897 September 15), Eighty-ninth annual celebration of the Graham-Lee Society (1898 January 19), dedication of new law building in memory of John Randolph Tucker 91900 June 19), university's eighty-ninth anniversary (1901 February 22), annual gymnastic tourney (1901 March 15)","includes \"Standing Rules Adopted by the Trustees of Washington College\" (1840 September 19)","Commencement (1870), \"Music of Ye Olden Time\" (1877 January 4), Obsequies of John Letcher (1884 January 28), \"Programme for the 28th N.Y and 5th Virginia at Lexington\" (1884 May 23), 7th Scotch Irish Congress (1895 June), Confederate Memorial Day Exercises (1901 May 25), dedication of the Memorial Westminster Chimes and Clock (1948 September 8)","The issue is about the death of Col. William Allan","regarding compensation for property damage during the Civil War","The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source. ","Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Washington College (Lexington, Va.)","Washington and Lee University","Washington and Lee University. Chapel","Washington and Lee University--Faculty","Washington and Lee University--Students","Washington and Lee University--Buildings","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","McCormick, Cyrus Hall, 1809-1884","English"],"unitid_tesim":["WLU.RG.1.01","/repositories/5/resources/469"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Administration records collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Administration records collection"],"collection_ssim":["Administration records collection"],"repository_ssm":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"creator_ssm":["Washington College (Lexington, Va.)","Washington and Lee University"],"creator_ssim":["Washington College (Lexington, Va.)","Washington and Lee University"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Washington College (Lexington, Va.)","Washington and Lee University"],"creators_ssim":["Washington College (Lexington, Va.)","Washington and Lee University"],"access_terms_ssm":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source. "],"access_subjects_ssim":["Business records","Enslaved persons"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Business records","Enslaved persons"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["6.73 Linear Feet 14 boxes, 3 oversize folders"],"extent_tesim":["6.73 Linear Feet 14 boxes, 3 oversize folders"],"date_range_isim":[1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection has been arranged into the following series: Business Records, Administration, Faculty, Students, General, and Printed Material.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection has been arranged into the following series: Business Records, Administration, Faculty, Students, General, and Printed Material."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection's former unique identifer was WLU Coll 112.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["This collection's former unique identifer was WLU Coll 112."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Administration Records Collection (RG 1.01), Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Administration Records Collection (RG 1.01), Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection includes early Washington and Lee University papers and miscellaneous materials supplementary to the university's trustee's records, faculty meeting minutes, and treaurer's records. Much of this collection was found over decades from various locations on campus and housed in the Treasurer's Office.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Business Records series includes primarily documents related to the financial history of the university. They include related correspondence, invoices, and receipts. The invoices and receipts document expenditures such as purchases of wood as a heating source, purchases of supplies to support building repair and/or construction, such as the Chapel and Lee House, as well as fees for labor, purchases of books for the library, purchases of supplies and equipment for teaching,  purchase of Confederate bonds, salaries and wages, payments for newspaper subscriptions, advertisements, printing, and fire insurance. Other subjects include Robinson and Santini medals, the John Robinson monument (1855), the purchase of lab supplies and instruments, property rentals, insurance, investments, endowments, scholarships, tuition, promissory notes, bonds, and the purchase of furniture. There are also documents related to enslaved persons. One document is specific to the John Robinson estate. Others refer to the sale or hiring out of enslaved individuals. It is noted within the folder description if the documents lists the names of these individuals. At least one of the earliest documents in this series mentions the Timber Ridge location and Fort Randolph. The records created during the presidency of Robert E. Lee sometime include his signature and notes.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Administration series includes correspondence sent to or written by trustees, presidents, or other officers. Subjects include the purchasing of mineral specimens (G. W. C. Lee), Cyrus McCormick (correspondent), athletics, correspondence about the Chapel controversy, correspondence about the library, and an oath book signed by both trustees and Librarian Annie White. There is also correspondence related to and with fundraising and fundraising agents including R. D. Lilley, George Peabody, Grover Cleveland, and Oswald Garrison Villard. Villard co-founded the NAACP in 1909.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Faculty series includes letters of recommendation, letters about student absences and students requesting leave and/or accommodation for tuition, commencement invitations, the College Hotel and student lodging, papers acted upon by the faculty, and papers related to the American Association of University Professors. The letters from fathers of students or students themselves regarding requesting leave from school usually include the reason why which primarily relates to finances or the student's health. Some of the correspondence addressed to the faculty are related to student misconduct. Of particular note is a May 1849 document signed by faculty and officers of both Washington College and the Virginia Military Institute speaking about against the Lexington Bowling Alley. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Students series includes documents related to student conduct, student petitions, recruitment, and admissions. Of particular note are the documents from 1858 regarding an incident in which students were dismissed from school for drinking and the eventual burning in effigy of the two professors who caught and dismissed them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe General series includes correspondence about catalog requests, the Alumni Association, and subject files.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Printed Material series includes broadsides, circulars, pamphlets, etc. that were printed by our about the university including events and programs.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eResearchers should be aware that there might be overlap in subject matter and correspondents among the series. References to fundraising, for example, can be found across series. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nResearchers should note that this collection was reviewed and organized chronologically as Miscellaneous Papers and Miscellaneous Bills, Receipts, and Vouchers by Dr. William Webb Pusey in 1982. An updated review and the resulting reprocessing was undertaken to create what is expected to be a more cohesive organization and description in effort to increase both the discoverability and accessibility of the contents. Some of Dr. Pusey's decisions regarding arrangement have been kept in the interest of time and the challenge of trying to determine where the documents were originally pulled from. For example, he combined letters of tribute about Professor J. J. White that were sent to Washington and Lee President G. W. C. Lee along with other tributes to White into one folder. That folder remains. He also combined documentation associated with and/or created by the work of Robert D. Lilley in his capacity as a fundraising agent for the university. He combined letters sent to faculty and administrators asking for university catalogs and/or circulars. While these requests have been kept together and arranged chronologically, researchers should be aware that while some letters only ask for a catalog, others include much more information about the letter writer, such as their current financial situation, their educational background, their service in the American Civil War, and their desire to attend or have their son attend the university because of President Robert E. Lee. Researchers are encouraged to consult these files as they might find useful information contained therein.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDocuments within this collection were heavily consulted by Ollinger Crenshaw in researching his book \u003ctitle\u003eGeneral Lee's College.\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBook purchases\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocuments related to fundraising and the construction of the Liberty Hall Academy building in Lexington.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBook purchases and list of books received from John Rodgers donation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOf particular note is a payroll of \"hands employed at Washington College buildings\" who are described as \"white employees\" on the reverse (1866).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes receipt for paying Ellick his 1/2 annual allotment for board and clothing\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes paid invoice for hiring of Ellick\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes payments made to Ellick\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes continued hiring of Ellick, an account for Dr. Paine to see Jerry (enslaved) at W. Wilson's, invoice to pay for the work of Elijah\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes hiring of Jeff and receipts for paying Ellick and Jeff\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes receipts for paying Jackson's wages\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes librarian's report\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes directive to pay A. W. Cameron for the hiring of Alex\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes letter from Cyrus McCormick regarding $5000 donation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEngineering and Physical Laboratories\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTucker Memorial Hall construction\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConstruction of Chemistry building\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA couple of these relate to John Robinson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRobinson Estate (includes names of unsold enslaved individuals)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes the names of the enslaved and their monetary value\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn Robinson estate\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a list of men who hired enslaved individuals owned (not named) by Washington College\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso included is a report on students for the 1859/1860 session.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFundraising\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTo recoup financial losses suffered by the university as a result of Hunter's Raid\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocumentation used to support financial claim to money owed the university by the federal government for losses suffered during Hunter's Raid. Of particular note is a list specific to the loss of library materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ealumnus and financial agent\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ealumnus and financial agent\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ealumnus and financial agent\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ealumnus and financial agent\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis folder includes a description of Cyrus McCormick's funeral.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ealumnus and financial agent\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContributors included Booker T. Washington, Isidor Strauss, Oswald Garrison Villard, and Grover Cleveland\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes correspondence from former U. S. President Grover Cleveland, Oswald Garrison Villard (a future co-founder of the NAACP), and Herbert Welsh.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents are George Peabody and Oswald Garrison Villard (fundraising agents for the Wilson fund) and John L. Campbell of Washington and Lee. There are references made to a paper published by Trustee Givens Brown Strickler.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRector of the Board of Trustees, Professor of Law and Equity, Includes letters from Cyrus McCormick\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLibrarian\nClerk of Faculty\nSecretary and Treasurer to the Trustees\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLibrarian\nClerk of Faculty\nSecretary and Treasurer to the Trustees\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubjects include election of new university president and the John Marshall portrait\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLibrarian\nClerk of Faculty\nSecretary and Treasurer to the Trustees\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubjects include John Marshall portrait\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSecretary and Treasurer for Trustees\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTrustee\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTrustee\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTrustee\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTrustee\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSantini medal, mineral specimens purchase, athletic scholarships\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes handwritten manuscript notice dated November 7, 1912 which announces to students that at their request, the faculty has granted them a holiday to attend a game in Roanoke. The notice reminds the students that they are the \"custodians of the honor and reputation of their alma mater while there representing the customs and standards\" of Washington and Lee. It further states, \"I trust, therefore, that no representative of our campus will be seen entering a bar room or other degrading resort, gambling, or doing anything which would grieve or humiliate their parents, were they present.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe plat was found and removed (by unknown individual) from Board Board Volume 1811-1844. It was originally located in the minutes of October 2, 1844.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHandwritten note by President Lee acknowledging that he shared it with the Trustees\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOath book signed by Trustees and the Annie R. White as the Librarian\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGraham family Bible\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProfessor of Applied Mathematics\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLibrarian and Clerk of the Faculty\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLibrarian and Proctor, Clerk of the Faculty, Treasurer\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLibrarian and Proctor, Clerk of the Faculty, Treasurer\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLibrarian and Proctor, Clerk of the Faculty, Treasurer\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLibrarian and Proctor, Clerk of the Faculty, Treasurer\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProfessor of Latin\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProfessor of History and English Literature\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe 1868 letters were addressed to Johnson, J. J. White, and Edward S. Joynes as the \"Committee of the Faculty.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProfessor of Modern Languages and English Philology\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProfessor of Moral Philosophy\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLibrarian\nClerk of the Faculty\nTreasurer\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLibrarian, Clerk of the Faculty, Treasurer\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMcCormick Professor of Natural Philosophy\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCincinnati Professor of Mathematics\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProfessor of Greek\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRegarding the request/order to open a hospital within campus buildings. Faculty ask that the buildings remain in use for educational purposes as they are not fit to accommodate a hospital and lists the various reasons how the buildings aren't compatible for use as a hospital. The letter is signed by Carter J. Harris, Alexander L. Nelson, James J. White, and John L. Campbell.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBuilding Committee (Graham Hall/Graham Literary Society, Library), Committee to confer with the Resident Masters, Committee to report a plan for the enlargement of the Faculty, Committee on Chapel Service, Library Committee, Committee on Dormitory (Kappa Sigma Fraternity), Committee on Courses, Committee on Entrance Requirements for Freshmen\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFriend of Washington and Lee University\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDelivered a few days before Kirkpatrick's death, professor of Moral Philosophy\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProfessor of Moral Philosophy\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRector\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe 1868 document was written by the faculty in support of students. It relates to town and gown relations and race relations, and refers to the murder of an African American man. The other documents relate to student behaviors which may have resulted in punishment.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePetition to readmit E. J. Parsons who was expelled, request for the Treasurer to pay 1/2 of deposit to the YMCA, Petition concerning the boarding house/college hotel.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProfessors John L. Campbell, Sr. and Junius Fishburn discovered three intoxicated students: W. W. Houston, R. K. Estill, and W. M. Brown. The faculty voted to dismiss them from Washington College. The student body petitioned for their co-horts to be reinstated but were denied. They burned in effigy both professors. In addition to the petition, the folder includes a printed description of events dated March 15 as well as two documents of apology issued to the faculty by offending students. The printed description says there were two intoxicated students but the petition lists the three above.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCommencement Party (1854 June 1), Seventh Annual Congress of the Scotch Irish Society of America (1895 June), inaugration of President William Lyne Wilson (1897 September 15), Eighty-ninth annual celebration of the Graham-Lee Society (1898 January 19), dedication of new law building in memory of John Randolph Tucker 91900 June 19), university's eighty-ninth anniversary (1901 February 22), annual gymnastic tourney (1901 March 15)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eincludes \"Standing Rules Adopted by the Trustees of Washington College\" (1840 September 19)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCommencement (1870), \"Music of Ye Olden Time\" (1877 January 4), Obsequies of John Letcher (1884 January 28), \"Programme for the 28th N.Y and 5th Virginia at Lexington\" (1884 May 23), 7th Scotch Irish Congress (1895 June), Confederate Memorial Day Exercises (1901 May 25), dedication of the Memorial Westminster Chimes and Clock (1948 September 8)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe issue is about the death of Col. William Allan\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eregarding compensation for property damage during the Civil War\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection includes early Washington and Lee University papers and miscellaneous materials supplementary to the university's trustee's records, faculty meeting minutes, and treaurer's records. Much of this collection was found over decades from various locations on campus and housed in the Treasurer's Office.","The Business Records series includes primarily documents related to the financial history of the university. They include related correspondence, invoices, and receipts. The invoices and receipts document expenditures such as purchases of wood as a heating source, purchases of supplies to support building repair and/or construction, such as the Chapel and Lee House, as well as fees for labor, purchases of books for the library, purchases of supplies and equipment for teaching,  purchase of Confederate bonds, salaries and wages, payments for newspaper subscriptions, advertisements, printing, and fire insurance. Other subjects include Robinson and Santini medals, the John Robinson monument (1855), the purchase of lab supplies and instruments, property rentals, insurance, investments, endowments, scholarships, tuition, promissory notes, bonds, and the purchase of furniture. There are also documents related to enslaved persons. One document is specific to the John Robinson estate. Others refer to the sale or hiring out of enslaved individuals. It is noted within the folder description if the documents lists the names of these individuals. At least one of the earliest documents in this series mentions the Timber Ridge location and Fort Randolph. The records created during the presidency of Robert E. Lee sometime include his signature and notes.","\nThe Administration series includes correspondence sent to or written by trustees, presidents, or other officers. Subjects include the purchasing of mineral specimens (G. W. C. Lee), Cyrus McCormick (correspondent), athletics, correspondence about the Chapel controversy, correspondence about the library, and an oath book signed by both trustees and Librarian Annie White. There is also correspondence related to and with fundraising and fundraising agents including R. D. Lilley, George Peabody, Grover Cleveland, and Oswald Garrison Villard. Villard co-founded the NAACP in 1909.","The Faculty series includes letters of recommendation, letters about student absences and students requesting leave and/or accommodation for tuition, commencement invitations, the College Hotel and student lodging, papers acted upon by the faculty, and papers related to the American Association of University Professors. The letters from fathers of students or students themselves regarding requesting leave from school usually include the reason why which primarily relates to finances or the student's health. Some of the correspondence addressed to the faculty are related to student misconduct. Of particular note is a May 1849 document signed by faculty and officers of both Washington College and the Virginia Military Institute speaking about against the Lexington Bowling Alley. ","The Students series includes documents related to student conduct, student petitions, recruitment, and admissions. Of particular note are the documents from 1858 regarding an incident in which students were dismissed from school for drinking and the eventual burning in effigy of the two professors who caught and dismissed them.","The General series includes correspondence about catalog requests, the Alumni Association, and subject files.","The Printed Material series includes broadsides, circulars, pamphlets, etc. that were printed by our about the university including events and programs.","Researchers should be aware that there might be overlap in subject matter and correspondents among the series. References to fundraising, for example, can be found across series. ","\nResearchers should note that this collection was reviewed and organized chronologically as Miscellaneous Papers and Miscellaneous Bills, Receipts, and Vouchers by Dr. William Webb Pusey in 1982. An updated review and the resulting reprocessing was undertaken to create what is expected to be a more cohesive organization and description in effort to increase both the discoverability and accessibility of the contents. Some of Dr. Pusey's decisions regarding arrangement have been kept in the interest of time and the challenge of trying to determine where the documents were originally pulled from. For example, he combined letters of tribute about Professor J. J. White that were sent to Washington and Lee President G. W. C. Lee along with other tributes to White into one folder. That folder remains. He also combined documentation associated with and/or created by the work of Robert D. Lilley in his capacity as a fundraising agent for the university. He combined letters sent to faculty and administrators asking for university catalogs and/or circulars. While these requests have been kept together and arranged chronologically, researchers should be aware that while some letters only ask for a catalog, others include much more information about the letter writer, such as their current financial situation, their educational background, their service in the American Civil War, and their desire to attend or have their son attend the university because of President Robert E. Lee. Researchers are encouraged to consult these files as they might find useful information contained therein.","Documents within this collection were heavily consulted by Ollinger Crenshaw in researching his book  General Lee's College.","Book purchases","Documents related to fundraising and the construction of the Liberty Hall Academy building in Lexington.","Book purchases and list of books received from John Rodgers donation","Of particular note is a payroll of \"hands employed at Washington College buildings\" who are described as \"white employees\" on the reverse (1866).","Includes receipt for paying Ellick his 1/2 annual allotment for board and clothing","Includes paid invoice for hiring of Ellick","Includes payments made to Ellick","Includes continued hiring of Ellick, an account for Dr. Paine to see Jerry (enslaved) at W. Wilson's, invoice to pay for the work of Elijah","Includes hiring of Jeff and receipts for paying Ellick and Jeff","Includes receipts for paying Jackson's wages","Includes librarian's report","Includes directive to pay A. W. Cameron for the hiring of Alex","Includes letter from Cyrus McCormick regarding $5000 donation","Engineering and Physical Laboratories","Tucker Memorial Hall construction","Construction of Chemistry building","A couple of these relate to John Robinson.","Robinson Estate (includes names of unsold enslaved individuals)","Includes the names of the enslaved and their monetary value","John Robinson estate","Includes a list of men who hired enslaved individuals owned (not named) by Washington College","Also included is a report on students for the 1859/1860 session.","Fundraising","To recoup financial losses suffered by the university as a result of Hunter's Raid","Documentation used to support financial claim to money owed the university by the federal government for losses suffered during Hunter's Raid. Of particular note is a list specific to the loss of library materials.","alumnus and financial agent","alumnus and financial agent","alumnus and financial agent","alumnus and financial agent","This folder includes a description of Cyrus McCormick's funeral.","alumnus and financial agent","Contributors included Booker T. Washington, Isidor Strauss, Oswald Garrison Villard, and Grover Cleveland","Includes correspondence from former U. S. President Grover Cleveland, Oswald Garrison Villard (a future co-founder of the NAACP), and Herbert Welsh.","Correspondents are George Peabody and Oswald Garrison Villard (fundraising agents for the Wilson fund) and John L. Campbell of Washington and Lee. There are references made to a paper published by Trustee Givens Brown Strickler.","Rector of the Board of Trustees, Professor of Law and Equity, Includes letters from Cyrus McCormick","Librarian\nClerk of Faculty\nSecretary and Treasurer to the Trustees","Librarian\nClerk of Faculty\nSecretary and Treasurer to the Trustees","Subjects include election of new university president and the John Marshall portrait","Librarian\nClerk of Faculty\nSecretary and Treasurer to the Trustees","Subjects include John Marshall portrait","Secretary and Treasurer for Trustees","Trustee","Trustee","Trustee","Trustee","Santini medal, mineral specimens purchase, athletic scholarships","Includes handwritten manuscript notice dated November 7, 1912 which announces to students that at their request, the faculty has granted them a holiday to attend a game in Roanoke. The notice reminds the students that they are the \"custodians of the honor and reputation of their alma mater while there representing the customs and standards\" of Washington and Lee. It further states, \"I trust, therefore, that no representative of our campus will be seen entering a bar room or other degrading resort, gambling, or doing anything which would grieve or humiliate their parents, were they present.\"","The plat was found and removed (by unknown individual) from Board Board Volume 1811-1844. It was originally located in the minutes of October 2, 1844.","Handwritten note by President Lee acknowledging that he shared it with the Trustees","Oath book signed by Trustees and the Annie R. White as the Librarian","Graham family Bible","Professor of Applied Mathematics","Librarian and Clerk of the Faculty","Librarian and Proctor, Clerk of the Faculty, Treasurer","Librarian and Proctor, Clerk of the Faculty, Treasurer","Librarian and Proctor, Clerk of the Faculty, Treasurer","Librarian and Proctor, Clerk of the Faculty, Treasurer","Professor of Latin","Professor of History and English Literature","The 1868 letters were addressed to Johnson, J. J. White, and Edward S. Joynes as the \"Committee of the Faculty.\"","Professor of Modern Languages and English Philology","Professor of Moral Philosophy","Librarian\nClerk of the Faculty\nTreasurer","Librarian, Clerk of the Faculty, Treasurer","McCormick Professor of Natural Philosophy","Cincinnati Professor of Mathematics","Professor of Greek","Regarding the request/order to open a hospital within campus buildings. Faculty ask that the buildings remain in use for educational purposes as they are not fit to accommodate a hospital and lists the various reasons how the buildings aren't compatible for use as a hospital. The letter is signed by Carter J. Harris, Alexander L. Nelson, James J. White, and John L. Campbell.","Building Committee (Graham Hall/Graham Literary Society, Library), Committee to confer with the Resident Masters, Committee to report a plan for the enlargement of the Faculty, Committee on Chapel Service, Library Committee, Committee on Dormitory (Kappa Sigma Fraternity), Committee on Courses, Committee on Entrance Requirements for Freshmen","Friend of Washington and Lee University","Delivered a few days before Kirkpatrick's death, professor of Moral Philosophy","Professor of Moral Philosophy","Rector","The 1868 document was written by the faculty in support of students. It relates to town and gown relations and race relations, and refers to the murder of an African American man. The other documents relate to student behaviors which may have resulted in punishment.","Petition to readmit E. J. Parsons who was expelled, request for the Treasurer to pay 1/2 of deposit to the YMCA, Petition concerning the boarding house/college hotel.","Professors John L. Campbell, Sr. and Junius Fishburn discovered three intoxicated students: W. W. Houston, R. K. Estill, and W. M. Brown. The faculty voted to dismiss them from Washington College. The student body petitioned for their co-horts to be reinstated but were denied. They burned in effigy both professors. In addition to the petition, the folder includes a printed description of events dated March 15 as well as two documents of apology issued to the faculty by offending students. The printed description says there were two intoxicated students but the petition lists the three above.","Commencement Party (1854 June 1), Seventh Annual Congress of the Scotch Irish Society of America (1895 June), inaugration of President William Lyne Wilson (1897 September 15), Eighty-ninth annual celebration of the Graham-Lee Society (1898 January 19), dedication of new law building in memory of John Randolph Tucker 91900 June 19), university's eighty-ninth anniversary (1901 February 22), annual gymnastic tourney (1901 March 15)","includes \"Standing Rules Adopted by the Trustees of Washington College\" (1840 September 19)","Commencement (1870), \"Music of Ye Olden Time\" (1877 January 4), Obsequies of John Letcher (1884 January 28), \"Programme for the 28th N.Y and 5th Virginia at Lexington\" (1884 May 23), 7th Scotch Irish Congress (1895 June), Confederate Memorial Day Exercises (1901 May 25), dedication of the Memorial Westminster Chimes and Clock (1948 September 8)","The issue is about the death of Col. William Allan","regarding compensation for property damage during the Civil War"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source. \u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source. "],"names_coll_ssim":["Washington and Lee University. Chapel","Washington and Lee University--Faculty","Washington and Lee University--Students","Washington and Lee University--Buildings","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","McCormick, Cyrus Hall, 1809-1884"],"names_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Washington College (Lexington, Va.)","Washington and Lee University","Washington and Lee University. Chapel","Washington and Lee University--Faculty","Washington and Lee University--Students","Washington and Lee University--Buildings","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","McCormick, Cyrus Hall, 1809-1884"],"corpname_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Washington College (Lexington, Va.)","Washington and Lee University","Washington and Lee University. Chapel","Washington and Lee University--Faculty","Washington and Lee University--Students","Washington and Lee University--Buildings"],"persname_ssim":["Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","McCormick, Cyrus Hall, 1809-1884"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":333,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:35:07.914Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_469","ead_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_469","_root_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_469","_nest_parent_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_469","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WLU/repositories_5_resources_469.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Administration records collection","title_ssm":["Administration records collection"],"title_tesim":["Administration records collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1776-1976 (bulk 1840-1900)"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1776-1976 (bulk 1840-1900)"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Record Group","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["WLU.RG.1.01","/repositories/5/resources/469"],"text":["WLU.RG.1.01","/repositories/5/resources/469","Administration records collection","Business records","Enslaved persons","The collection is open for research use.","This collection has been arranged into the following series: Business Records, Administration, Faculty, Students, General, and Printed Material.","This collection's former unique identifer was WLU Coll 112.","This collection includes early Washington and Lee University papers and miscellaneous materials supplementary to the university's trustee's records, faculty meeting minutes, and treaurer's records. Much of this collection was found over decades from various locations on campus and housed in the Treasurer's Office.","The Business Records series includes primarily documents related to the financial history of the university. They include related correspondence, invoices, and receipts. The invoices and receipts document expenditures such as purchases of wood as a heating source, purchases of supplies to support building repair and/or construction, such as the Chapel and Lee House, as well as fees for labor, purchases of books for the library, purchases of supplies and equipment for teaching,  purchase of Confederate bonds, salaries and wages, payments for newspaper subscriptions, advertisements, printing, and fire insurance. Other subjects include Robinson and Santini medals, the John Robinson monument (1855), the purchase of lab supplies and instruments, property rentals, insurance, investments, endowments, scholarships, tuition, promissory notes, bonds, and the purchase of furniture. There are also documents related to enslaved persons. One document is specific to the John Robinson estate. Others refer to the sale or hiring out of enslaved individuals. It is noted within the folder description if the documents lists the names of these individuals. At least one of the earliest documents in this series mentions the Timber Ridge location and Fort Randolph. The records created during the presidency of Robert E. Lee sometime include his signature and notes.","\nThe Administration series includes correspondence sent to or written by trustees, presidents, or other officers. Subjects include the purchasing of mineral specimens (G. W. C. Lee), Cyrus McCormick (correspondent), athletics, correspondence about the Chapel controversy, correspondence about the library, and an oath book signed by both trustees and Librarian Annie White. There is also correspondence related to and with fundraising and fundraising agents including R. D. Lilley, George Peabody, Grover Cleveland, and Oswald Garrison Villard. Villard co-founded the NAACP in 1909.","The Faculty series includes letters of recommendation, letters about student absences and students requesting leave and/or accommodation for tuition, commencement invitations, the College Hotel and student lodging, papers acted upon by the faculty, and papers related to the American Association of University Professors. The letters from fathers of students or students themselves regarding requesting leave from school usually include the reason why which primarily relates to finances or the student's health. Some of the correspondence addressed to the faculty are related to student misconduct. Of particular note is a May 1849 document signed by faculty and officers of both Washington College and the Virginia Military Institute speaking about against the Lexington Bowling Alley. ","The Students series includes documents related to student conduct, student petitions, recruitment, and admissions. Of particular note are the documents from 1858 regarding an incident in which students were dismissed from school for drinking and the eventual burning in effigy of the two professors who caught and dismissed them.","The General series includes correspondence about catalog requests, the Alumni Association, and subject files.","The Printed Material series includes broadsides, circulars, pamphlets, etc. that were printed by our about the university including events and programs.","Researchers should be aware that there might be overlap in subject matter and correspondents among the series. References to fundraising, for example, can be found across series. ","\nResearchers should note that this collection was reviewed and organized chronologically as Miscellaneous Papers and Miscellaneous Bills, Receipts, and Vouchers by Dr. William Webb Pusey in 1982. An updated review and the resulting reprocessing was undertaken to create what is expected to be a more cohesive organization and description in effort to increase both the discoverability and accessibility of the contents. Some of Dr. Pusey's decisions regarding arrangement have been kept in the interest of time and the challenge of trying to determine where the documents were originally pulled from. For example, he combined letters of tribute about Professor J. J. White that were sent to Washington and Lee President G. W. C. Lee along with other tributes to White into one folder. That folder remains. He also combined documentation associated with and/or created by the work of Robert D. Lilley in his capacity as a fundraising agent for the university. He combined letters sent to faculty and administrators asking for university catalogs and/or circulars. While these requests have been kept together and arranged chronologically, researchers should be aware that while some letters only ask for a catalog, others include much more information about the letter writer, such as their current financial situation, their educational background, their service in the American Civil War, and their desire to attend or have their son attend the university because of President Robert E. Lee. Researchers are encouraged to consult these files as they might find useful information contained therein.","Documents within this collection were heavily consulted by Ollinger Crenshaw in researching his book  General Lee's College.","Book purchases","Documents related to fundraising and the construction of the Liberty Hall Academy building in Lexington.","Book purchases and list of books received from John Rodgers donation","Of particular note is a payroll of \"hands employed at Washington College buildings\" who are described as \"white employees\" on the reverse (1866).","Includes receipt for paying Ellick his 1/2 annual allotment for board and clothing","Includes paid invoice for hiring of Ellick","Includes payments made to Ellick","Includes continued hiring of Ellick, an account for Dr. Paine to see Jerry (enslaved) at W. Wilson's, invoice to pay for the work of Elijah","Includes hiring of Jeff and receipts for paying Ellick and Jeff","Includes receipts for paying Jackson's wages","Includes librarian's report","Includes directive to pay A. W. Cameron for the hiring of Alex","Includes letter from Cyrus McCormick regarding $5000 donation","Engineering and Physical Laboratories","Tucker Memorial Hall construction","Construction of Chemistry building","A couple of these relate to John Robinson.","Robinson Estate (includes names of unsold enslaved individuals)","Includes the names of the enslaved and their monetary value","John Robinson estate","Includes a list of men who hired enslaved individuals owned (not named) by Washington College","Also included is a report on students for the 1859/1860 session.","Fundraising","To recoup financial losses suffered by the university as a result of Hunter's Raid","Documentation used to support financial claim to money owed the university by the federal government for losses suffered during Hunter's Raid. Of particular note is a list specific to the loss of library materials.","alumnus and financial agent","alumnus and financial agent","alumnus and financial agent","alumnus and financial agent","This folder includes a description of Cyrus McCormick's funeral.","alumnus and financial agent","Contributors included Booker T. Washington, Isidor Strauss, Oswald Garrison Villard, and Grover Cleveland","Includes correspondence from former U. S. President Grover Cleveland, Oswald Garrison Villard (a future co-founder of the NAACP), and Herbert Welsh.","Correspondents are George Peabody and Oswald Garrison Villard (fundraising agents for the Wilson fund) and John L. Campbell of Washington and Lee. There are references made to a paper published by Trustee Givens Brown Strickler.","Rector of the Board of Trustees, Professor of Law and Equity, Includes letters from Cyrus McCormick","Librarian\nClerk of Faculty\nSecretary and Treasurer to the Trustees","Librarian\nClerk of Faculty\nSecretary and Treasurer to the Trustees","Subjects include election of new university president and the John Marshall portrait","Librarian\nClerk of Faculty\nSecretary and Treasurer to the Trustees","Subjects include John Marshall portrait","Secretary and Treasurer for Trustees","Trustee","Trustee","Trustee","Trustee","Santini medal, mineral specimens purchase, athletic scholarships","Includes handwritten manuscript notice dated November 7, 1912 which announces to students that at their request, the faculty has granted them a holiday to attend a game in Roanoke. The notice reminds the students that they are the \"custodians of the honor and reputation of their alma mater while there representing the customs and standards\" of Washington and Lee. It further states, \"I trust, therefore, that no representative of our campus will be seen entering a bar room or other degrading resort, gambling, or doing anything which would grieve or humiliate their parents, were they present.\"","The plat was found and removed (by unknown individual) from Board Board Volume 1811-1844. It was originally located in the minutes of October 2, 1844.","Handwritten note by President Lee acknowledging that he shared it with the Trustees","Oath book signed by Trustees and the Annie R. White as the Librarian","Graham family Bible","Professor of Applied Mathematics","Librarian and Clerk of the Faculty","Librarian and Proctor, Clerk of the Faculty, Treasurer","Librarian and Proctor, Clerk of the Faculty, Treasurer","Librarian and Proctor, Clerk of the Faculty, Treasurer","Librarian and Proctor, Clerk of the Faculty, Treasurer","Professor of Latin","Professor of History and English Literature","The 1868 letters were addressed to Johnson, J. J. White, and Edward S. Joynes as the \"Committee of the Faculty.\"","Professor of Modern Languages and English Philology","Professor of Moral Philosophy","Librarian\nClerk of the Faculty\nTreasurer","Librarian, Clerk of the Faculty, Treasurer","McCormick Professor of Natural Philosophy","Cincinnati Professor of Mathematics","Professor of Greek","Regarding the request/order to open a hospital within campus buildings. Faculty ask that the buildings remain in use for educational purposes as they are not fit to accommodate a hospital and lists the various reasons how the buildings aren't compatible for use as a hospital. The letter is signed by Carter J. Harris, Alexander L. Nelson, James J. White, and John L. Campbell.","Building Committee (Graham Hall/Graham Literary Society, Library), Committee to confer with the Resident Masters, Committee to report a plan for the enlargement of the Faculty, Committee on Chapel Service, Library Committee, Committee on Dormitory (Kappa Sigma Fraternity), Committee on Courses, Committee on Entrance Requirements for Freshmen","Friend of Washington and Lee University","Delivered a few days before Kirkpatrick's death, professor of Moral Philosophy","Professor of Moral Philosophy","Rector","The 1868 document was written by the faculty in support of students. It relates to town and gown relations and race relations, and refers to the murder of an African American man. The other documents relate to student behaviors which may have resulted in punishment.","Petition to readmit E. J. Parsons who was expelled, request for the Treasurer to pay 1/2 of deposit to the YMCA, Petition concerning the boarding house/college hotel.","Professors John L. Campbell, Sr. and Junius Fishburn discovered three intoxicated students: W. W. Houston, R. K. Estill, and W. M. Brown. The faculty voted to dismiss them from Washington College. The student body petitioned for their co-horts to be reinstated but were denied. They burned in effigy both professors. In addition to the petition, the folder includes a printed description of events dated March 15 as well as two documents of apology issued to the faculty by offending students. The printed description says there were two intoxicated students but the petition lists the three above.","Commencement Party (1854 June 1), Seventh Annual Congress of the Scotch Irish Society of America (1895 June), inaugration of President William Lyne Wilson (1897 September 15), Eighty-ninth annual celebration of the Graham-Lee Society (1898 January 19), dedication of new law building in memory of John Randolph Tucker 91900 June 19), university's eighty-ninth anniversary (1901 February 22), annual gymnastic tourney (1901 March 15)","includes \"Standing Rules Adopted by the Trustees of Washington College\" (1840 September 19)","Commencement (1870), \"Music of Ye Olden Time\" (1877 January 4), Obsequies of John Letcher (1884 January 28), \"Programme for the 28th N.Y and 5th Virginia at Lexington\" (1884 May 23), 7th Scotch Irish Congress (1895 June), Confederate Memorial Day Exercises (1901 May 25), dedication of the Memorial Westminster Chimes and Clock (1948 September 8)","The issue is about the death of Col. William Allan","regarding compensation for property damage during the Civil War","The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source. ","Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Washington College (Lexington, Va.)","Washington and Lee University","Washington and Lee University. Chapel","Washington and Lee University--Faculty","Washington and Lee University--Students","Washington and Lee University--Buildings","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","McCormick, Cyrus Hall, 1809-1884","English"],"unitid_tesim":["WLU.RG.1.01","/repositories/5/resources/469"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Administration records collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Administration records collection"],"collection_ssim":["Administration records collection"],"repository_ssm":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"creator_ssm":["Washington College (Lexington, Va.)","Washington and Lee University"],"creator_ssim":["Washington College (Lexington, Va.)","Washington and Lee University"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Washington College (Lexington, Va.)","Washington and Lee University"],"creators_ssim":["Washington College (Lexington, Va.)","Washington and Lee University"],"access_terms_ssm":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source. "],"access_subjects_ssim":["Business records","Enslaved persons"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Business records","Enslaved persons"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["6.73 Linear Feet 14 boxes, 3 oversize folders"],"extent_tesim":["6.73 Linear Feet 14 boxes, 3 oversize folders"],"date_range_isim":[1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection has been arranged into the following series: Business Records, Administration, Faculty, Students, General, and Printed Material.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection has been arranged into the following series: Business Records, Administration, Faculty, Students, General, and Printed Material."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection's former unique identifer was WLU Coll 112.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["This collection's former unique identifer was WLU Coll 112."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Administration Records Collection (RG 1.01), Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Administration Records Collection (RG 1.01), Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection includes early Washington and Lee University papers and miscellaneous materials supplementary to the university's trustee's records, faculty meeting minutes, and treaurer's records. Much of this collection was found over decades from various locations on campus and housed in the Treasurer's Office.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Business Records series includes primarily documents related to the financial history of the university. They include related correspondence, invoices, and receipts. The invoices and receipts document expenditures such as purchases of wood as a heating source, purchases of supplies to support building repair and/or construction, such as the Chapel and Lee House, as well as fees for labor, purchases of books for the library, purchases of supplies and equipment for teaching,  purchase of Confederate bonds, salaries and wages, payments for newspaper subscriptions, advertisements, printing, and fire insurance. Other subjects include Robinson and Santini medals, the John Robinson monument (1855), the purchase of lab supplies and instruments, property rentals, insurance, investments, endowments, scholarships, tuition, promissory notes, bonds, and the purchase of furniture. There are also documents related to enslaved persons. One document is specific to the John Robinson estate. Others refer to the sale or hiring out of enslaved individuals. It is noted within the folder description if the documents lists the names of these individuals. At least one of the earliest documents in this series mentions the Timber Ridge location and Fort Randolph. The records created during the presidency of Robert E. Lee sometime include his signature and notes.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Administration series includes correspondence sent to or written by trustees, presidents, or other officers. Subjects include the purchasing of mineral specimens (G. W. C. Lee), Cyrus McCormick (correspondent), athletics, correspondence about the Chapel controversy, correspondence about the library, and an oath book signed by both trustees and Librarian Annie White. There is also correspondence related to and with fundraising and fundraising agents including R. D. Lilley, George Peabody, Grover Cleveland, and Oswald Garrison Villard. Villard co-founded the NAACP in 1909.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Faculty series includes letters of recommendation, letters about student absences and students requesting leave and/or accommodation for tuition, commencement invitations, the College Hotel and student lodging, papers acted upon by the faculty, and papers related to the American Association of University Professors. The letters from fathers of students or students themselves regarding requesting leave from school usually include the reason why which primarily relates to finances or the student's health. Some of the correspondence addressed to the faculty are related to student misconduct. Of particular note is a May 1849 document signed by faculty and officers of both Washington College and the Virginia Military Institute speaking about against the Lexington Bowling Alley. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Students series includes documents related to student conduct, student petitions, recruitment, and admissions. Of particular note are the documents from 1858 regarding an incident in which students were dismissed from school for drinking and the eventual burning in effigy of the two professors who caught and dismissed them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe General series includes correspondence about catalog requests, the Alumni Association, and subject files.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Printed Material series includes broadsides, circulars, pamphlets, etc. that were printed by our about the university including events and programs.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eResearchers should be aware that there might be overlap in subject matter and correspondents among the series. References to fundraising, for example, can be found across series. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nResearchers should note that this collection was reviewed and organized chronologically as Miscellaneous Papers and Miscellaneous Bills, Receipts, and Vouchers by Dr. William Webb Pusey in 1982. An updated review and the resulting reprocessing was undertaken to create what is expected to be a more cohesive organization and description in effort to increase both the discoverability and accessibility of the contents. Some of Dr. Pusey's decisions regarding arrangement have been kept in the interest of time and the challenge of trying to determine where the documents were originally pulled from. For example, he combined letters of tribute about Professor J. J. White that were sent to Washington and Lee President G. W. C. Lee along with other tributes to White into one folder. That folder remains. He also combined documentation associated with and/or created by the work of Robert D. Lilley in his capacity as a fundraising agent for the university. He combined letters sent to faculty and administrators asking for university catalogs and/or circulars. While these requests have been kept together and arranged chronologically, researchers should be aware that while some letters only ask for a catalog, others include much more information about the letter writer, such as their current financial situation, their educational background, their service in the American Civil War, and their desire to attend or have their son attend the university because of President Robert E. Lee. Researchers are encouraged to consult these files as they might find useful information contained therein.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDocuments within this collection were heavily consulted by Ollinger Crenshaw in researching his book \u003ctitle\u003eGeneral Lee's College.\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBook purchases\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocuments related to fundraising and the construction of the Liberty Hall Academy building in Lexington.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBook purchases and list of books received from John Rodgers donation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOf particular note is a payroll of \"hands employed at Washington College buildings\" who are described as \"white employees\" on the reverse (1866).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes receipt for paying Ellick his 1/2 annual allotment for board and clothing\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes paid invoice for hiring of Ellick\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes payments made to Ellick\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes continued hiring of Ellick, an account for Dr. Paine to see Jerry (enslaved) at W. Wilson's, invoice to pay for the work of Elijah\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes hiring of Jeff and receipts for paying Ellick and Jeff\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes receipts for paying Jackson's wages\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes librarian's report\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes directive to pay A. W. Cameron for the hiring of Alex\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes letter from Cyrus McCormick regarding $5000 donation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEngineering and Physical Laboratories\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTucker Memorial Hall construction\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eConstruction of Chemistry building\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA couple of these relate to John Robinson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRobinson Estate (includes names of unsold enslaved individuals)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes the names of the enslaved and their monetary value\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn Robinson estate\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a list of men who hired enslaved individuals owned (not named) by Washington College\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso included is a report on students for the 1859/1860 session.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFundraising\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTo recoup financial losses suffered by the university as a result of Hunter's Raid\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocumentation used to support financial claim to money owed the university by the federal government for losses suffered during Hunter's Raid. Of particular note is a list specific to the loss of library materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ealumnus and financial agent\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ealumnus and financial agent\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ealumnus and financial agent\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ealumnus and financial agent\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis folder includes a description of Cyrus McCormick's funeral.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ealumnus and financial agent\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContributors included Booker T. Washington, Isidor Strauss, Oswald Garrison Villard, and Grover Cleveland\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes correspondence from former U. S. President Grover Cleveland, Oswald Garrison Villard (a future co-founder of the NAACP), and Herbert Welsh.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents are George Peabody and Oswald Garrison Villard (fundraising agents for the Wilson fund) and John L. Campbell of Washington and Lee. There are references made to a paper published by Trustee Givens Brown Strickler.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRector of the Board of Trustees, Professor of Law and Equity, Includes letters from Cyrus McCormick\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLibrarian\nClerk of Faculty\nSecretary and Treasurer to the Trustees\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLibrarian\nClerk of Faculty\nSecretary and Treasurer to the Trustees\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubjects include election of new university president and the John Marshall portrait\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLibrarian\nClerk of Faculty\nSecretary and Treasurer to the Trustees\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubjects include John Marshall portrait\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSecretary and Treasurer for Trustees\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTrustee\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTrustee\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTrustee\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTrustee\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSantini medal, mineral specimens purchase, athletic scholarships\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes handwritten manuscript notice dated November 7, 1912 which announces to students that at their request, the faculty has granted them a holiday to attend a game in Roanoke. The notice reminds the students that they are the \"custodians of the honor and reputation of their alma mater while there representing the customs and standards\" of Washington and Lee. It further states, \"I trust, therefore, that no representative of our campus will be seen entering a bar room or other degrading resort, gambling, or doing anything which would grieve or humiliate their parents, were they present.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe plat was found and removed (by unknown individual) from Board Board Volume 1811-1844. It was originally located in the minutes of October 2, 1844.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHandwritten note by President Lee acknowledging that he shared it with the Trustees\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOath book signed by Trustees and the Annie R. White as the Librarian\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGraham family Bible\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProfessor of Applied Mathematics\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLibrarian and Clerk of the Faculty\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLibrarian and Proctor, Clerk of the Faculty, Treasurer\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLibrarian and Proctor, Clerk of the Faculty, Treasurer\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLibrarian and Proctor, Clerk of the Faculty, Treasurer\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLibrarian and Proctor, Clerk of the Faculty, Treasurer\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProfessor of Latin\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProfessor of History and English Literature\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe 1868 letters were addressed to Johnson, J. J. White, and Edward S. Joynes as the \"Committee of the Faculty.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProfessor of Modern Languages and English Philology\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProfessor of Moral Philosophy\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLibrarian\nClerk of the Faculty\nTreasurer\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLibrarian, Clerk of the Faculty, Treasurer\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMcCormick Professor of Natural Philosophy\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCincinnati Professor of Mathematics\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProfessor of Greek\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRegarding the request/order to open a hospital within campus buildings. Faculty ask that the buildings remain in use for educational purposes as they are not fit to accommodate a hospital and lists the various reasons how the buildings aren't compatible for use as a hospital. The letter is signed by Carter J. Harris, Alexander L. Nelson, James J. White, and John L. Campbell.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBuilding Committee (Graham Hall/Graham Literary Society, Library), Committee to confer with the Resident Masters, Committee to report a plan for the enlargement of the Faculty, Committee on Chapel Service, Library Committee, Committee on Dormitory (Kappa Sigma Fraternity), Committee on Courses, Committee on Entrance Requirements for Freshmen\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFriend of Washington and Lee University\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDelivered a few days before Kirkpatrick's death, professor of Moral Philosophy\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProfessor of Moral Philosophy\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRector\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe 1868 document was written by the faculty in support of students. It relates to town and gown relations and race relations, and refers to the murder of an African American man. The other documents relate to student behaviors which may have resulted in punishment.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePetition to readmit E. J. Parsons who was expelled, request for the Treasurer to pay 1/2 of deposit to the YMCA, Petition concerning the boarding house/college hotel.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProfessors John L. Campbell, Sr. and Junius Fishburn discovered three intoxicated students: W. W. Houston, R. K. Estill, and W. M. Brown. The faculty voted to dismiss them from Washington College. The student body petitioned for their co-horts to be reinstated but were denied. They burned in effigy both professors. In addition to the petition, the folder includes a printed description of events dated March 15 as well as two documents of apology issued to the faculty by offending students. The printed description says there were two intoxicated students but the petition lists the three above.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCommencement Party (1854 June 1), Seventh Annual Congress of the Scotch Irish Society of America (1895 June), inaugration of President William Lyne Wilson (1897 September 15), Eighty-ninth annual celebration of the Graham-Lee Society (1898 January 19), dedication of new law building in memory of John Randolph Tucker 91900 June 19), university's eighty-ninth anniversary (1901 February 22), annual gymnastic tourney (1901 March 15)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eincludes \"Standing Rules Adopted by the Trustees of Washington College\" (1840 September 19)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCommencement (1870), \"Music of Ye Olden Time\" (1877 January 4), Obsequies of John Letcher (1884 January 28), \"Programme for the 28th N.Y and 5th Virginia at Lexington\" (1884 May 23), 7th Scotch Irish Congress (1895 June), Confederate Memorial Day Exercises (1901 May 25), dedication of the Memorial Westminster Chimes and Clock (1948 September 8)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe issue is about the death of Col. William Allan\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eregarding compensation for property damage during the Civil War\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection includes early Washington and Lee University papers and miscellaneous materials supplementary to the university's trustee's records, faculty meeting minutes, and treaurer's records. Much of this collection was found over decades from various locations on campus and housed in the Treasurer's Office.","The Business Records series includes primarily documents related to the financial history of the university. They include related correspondence, invoices, and receipts. The invoices and receipts document expenditures such as purchases of wood as a heating source, purchases of supplies to support building repair and/or construction, such as the Chapel and Lee House, as well as fees for labor, purchases of books for the library, purchases of supplies and equipment for teaching,  purchase of Confederate bonds, salaries and wages, payments for newspaper subscriptions, advertisements, printing, and fire insurance. Other subjects include Robinson and Santini medals, the John Robinson monument (1855), the purchase of lab supplies and instruments, property rentals, insurance, investments, endowments, scholarships, tuition, promissory notes, bonds, and the purchase of furniture. There are also documents related to enslaved persons. One document is specific to the John Robinson estate. Others refer to the sale or hiring out of enslaved individuals. It is noted within the folder description if the documents lists the names of these individuals. At least one of the earliest documents in this series mentions the Timber Ridge location and Fort Randolph. The records created during the presidency of Robert E. Lee sometime include his signature and notes.","\nThe Administration series includes correspondence sent to or written by trustees, presidents, or other officers. Subjects include the purchasing of mineral specimens (G. W. C. Lee), Cyrus McCormick (correspondent), athletics, correspondence about the Chapel controversy, correspondence about the library, and an oath book signed by both trustees and Librarian Annie White. There is also correspondence related to and with fundraising and fundraising agents including R. D. Lilley, George Peabody, Grover Cleveland, and Oswald Garrison Villard. Villard co-founded the NAACP in 1909.","The Faculty series includes letters of recommendation, letters about student absences and students requesting leave and/or accommodation for tuition, commencement invitations, the College Hotel and student lodging, papers acted upon by the faculty, and papers related to the American Association of University Professors. The letters from fathers of students or students themselves regarding requesting leave from school usually include the reason why which primarily relates to finances or the student's health. Some of the correspondence addressed to the faculty are related to student misconduct. Of particular note is a May 1849 document signed by faculty and officers of both Washington College and the Virginia Military Institute speaking about against the Lexington Bowling Alley. ","The Students series includes documents related to student conduct, student petitions, recruitment, and admissions. Of particular note are the documents from 1858 regarding an incident in which students were dismissed from school for drinking and the eventual burning in effigy of the two professors who caught and dismissed them.","The General series includes correspondence about catalog requests, the Alumni Association, and subject files.","The Printed Material series includes broadsides, circulars, pamphlets, etc. that were printed by our about the university including events and programs.","Researchers should be aware that there might be overlap in subject matter and correspondents among the series. References to fundraising, for example, can be found across series. ","\nResearchers should note that this collection was reviewed and organized chronologically as Miscellaneous Papers and Miscellaneous Bills, Receipts, and Vouchers by Dr. William Webb Pusey in 1982. An updated review and the resulting reprocessing was undertaken to create what is expected to be a more cohesive organization and description in effort to increase both the discoverability and accessibility of the contents. Some of Dr. Pusey's decisions regarding arrangement have been kept in the interest of time and the challenge of trying to determine where the documents were originally pulled from. For example, he combined letters of tribute about Professor J. J. White that were sent to Washington and Lee President G. W. C. Lee along with other tributes to White into one folder. That folder remains. He also combined documentation associated with and/or created by the work of Robert D. Lilley in his capacity as a fundraising agent for the university. He combined letters sent to faculty and administrators asking for university catalogs and/or circulars. While these requests have been kept together and arranged chronologically, researchers should be aware that while some letters only ask for a catalog, others include much more information about the letter writer, such as their current financial situation, their educational background, their service in the American Civil War, and their desire to attend or have their son attend the university because of President Robert E. Lee. Researchers are encouraged to consult these files as they might find useful information contained therein.","Documents within this collection were heavily consulted by Ollinger Crenshaw in researching his book  General Lee's College.","Book purchases","Documents related to fundraising and the construction of the Liberty Hall Academy building in Lexington.","Book purchases and list of books received from John Rodgers donation","Of particular note is a payroll of \"hands employed at Washington College buildings\" who are described as \"white employees\" on the reverse (1866).","Includes receipt for paying Ellick his 1/2 annual allotment for board and clothing","Includes paid invoice for hiring of Ellick","Includes payments made to Ellick","Includes continued hiring of Ellick, an account for Dr. Paine to see Jerry (enslaved) at W. Wilson's, invoice to pay for the work of Elijah","Includes hiring of Jeff and receipts for paying Ellick and Jeff","Includes receipts for paying Jackson's wages","Includes librarian's report","Includes directive to pay A. W. Cameron for the hiring of Alex","Includes letter from Cyrus McCormick regarding $5000 donation","Engineering and Physical Laboratories","Tucker Memorial Hall construction","Construction of Chemistry building","A couple of these relate to John Robinson.","Robinson Estate (includes names of unsold enslaved individuals)","Includes the names of the enslaved and their monetary value","John Robinson estate","Includes a list of men who hired enslaved individuals owned (not named) by Washington College","Also included is a report on students for the 1859/1860 session.","Fundraising","To recoup financial losses suffered by the university as a result of Hunter's Raid","Documentation used to support financial claim to money owed the university by the federal government for losses suffered during Hunter's Raid. Of particular note is a list specific to the loss of library materials.","alumnus and financial agent","alumnus and financial agent","alumnus and financial agent","alumnus and financial agent","This folder includes a description of Cyrus McCormick's funeral.","alumnus and financial agent","Contributors included Booker T. Washington, Isidor Strauss, Oswald Garrison Villard, and Grover Cleveland","Includes correspondence from former U. S. President Grover Cleveland, Oswald Garrison Villard (a future co-founder of the NAACP), and Herbert Welsh.","Correspondents are George Peabody and Oswald Garrison Villard (fundraising agents for the Wilson fund) and John L. Campbell of Washington and Lee. There are references made to a paper published by Trustee Givens Brown Strickler.","Rector of the Board of Trustees, Professor of Law and Equity, Includes letters from Cyrus McCormick","Librarian\nClerk of Faculty\nSecretary and Treasurer to the Trustees","Librarian\nClerk of Faculty\nSecretary and Treasurer to the Trustees","Subjects include election of new university president and the John Marshall portrait","Librarian\nClerk of Faculty\nSecretary and Treasurer to the Trustees","Subjects include John Marshall portrait","Secretary and Treasurer for Trustees","Trustee","Trustee","Trustee","Trustee","Santini medal, mineral specimens purchase, athletic scholarships","Includes handwritten manuscript notice dated November 7, 1912 which announces to students that at their request, the faculty has granted them a holiday to attend a game in Roanoke. The notice reminds the students that they are the \"custodians of the honor and reputation of their alma mater while there representing the customs and standards\" of Washington and Lee. It further states, \"I trust, therefore, that no representative of our campus will be seen entering a bar room or other degrading resort, gambling, or doing anything which would grieve or humiliate their parents, were they present.\"","The plat was found and removed (by unknown individual) from Board Board Volume 1811-1844. It was originally located in the minutes of October 2, 1844.","Handwritten note by President Lee acknowledging that he shared it with the Trustees","Oath book signed by Trustees and the Annie R. White as the Librarian","Graham family Bible","Professor of Applied Mathematics","Librarian and Clerk of the Faculty","Librarian and Proctor, Clerk of the Faculty, Treasurer","Librarian and Proctor, Clerk of the Faculty, Treasurer","Librarian and Proctor, Clerk of the Faculty, Treasurer","Librarian and Proctor, Clerk of the Faculty, Treasurer","Professor of Latin","Professor of History and English Literature","The 1868 letters were addressed to Johnson, J. J. White, and Edward S. Joynes as the \"Committee of the Faculty.\"","Professor of Modern Languages and English Philology","Professor of Moral Philosophy","Librarian\nClerk of the Faculty\nTreasurer","Librarian, Clerk of the Faculty, Treasurer","McCormick Professor of Natural Philosophy","Cincinnati Professor of Mathematics","Professor of Greek","Regarding the request/order to open a hospital within campus buildings. Faculty ask that the buildings remain in use for educational purposes as they are not fit to accommodate a hospital and lists the various reasons how the buildings aren't compatible for use as a hospital. The letter is signed by Carter J. Harris, Alexander L. Nelson, James J. White, and John L. Campbell.","Building Committee (Graham Hall/Graham Literary Society, Library), Committee to confer with the Resident Masters, Committee to report a plan for the enlargement of the Faculty, Committee on Chapel Service, Library Committee, Committee on Dormitory (Kappa Sigma Fraternity), Committee on Courses, Committee on Entrance Requirements for Freshmen","Friend of Washington and Lee University","Delivered a few days before Kirkpatrick's death, professor of Moral Philosophy","Professor of Moral Philosophy","Rector","The 1868 document was written by the faculty in support of students. It relates to town and gown relations and race relations, and refers to the murder of an African American man. The other documents relate to student behaviors which may have resulted in punishment.","Petition to readmit E. J. Parsons who was expelled, request for the Treasurer to pay 1/2 of deposit to the YMCA, Petition concerning the boarding house/college hotel.","Professors John L. Campbell, Sr. and Junius Fishburn discovered three intoxicated students: W. W. Houston, R. K. Estill, and W. M. Brown. The faculty voted to dismiss them from Washington College. The student body petitioned for their co-horts to be reinstated but were denied. They burned in effigy both professors. In addition to the petition, the folder includes a printed description of events dated March 15 as well as two documents of apology issued to the faculty by offending students. The printed description says there were two intoxicated students but the petition lists the three above.","Commencement Party (1854 June 1), Seventh Annual Congress of the Scotch Irish Society of America (1895 June), inaugration of President William Lyne Wilson (1897 September 15), Eighty-ninth annual celebration of the Graham-Lee Society (1898 January 19), dedication of new law building in memory of John Randolph Tucker 91900 June 19), university's eighty-ninth anniversary (1901 February 22), annual gymnastic tourney (1901 March 15)","includes \"Standing Rules Adopted by the Trustees of Washington College\" (1840 September 19)","Commencement (1870), \"Music of Ye Olden Time\" (1877 January 4), Obsequies of John Letcher (1884 January 28), \"Programme for the 28th N.Y and 5th Virginia at Lexington\" (1884 May 23), 7th Scotch Irish Congress (1895 June), Confederate Memorial Day Exercises (1901 May 25), dedication of the Memorial Westminster Chimes and Clock (1948 September 8)","The issue is about the death of Col. William Allan","regarding compensation for property damage during the Civil War"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source. \u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source. "],"names_coll_ssim":["Washington and Lee University. Chapel","Washington and Lee University--Faculty","Washington and Lee University--Students","Washington and Lee University--Buildings","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","McCormick, Cyrus Hall, 1809-1884"],"names_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Washington College (Lexington, Va.)","Washington and Lee University","Washington and Lee University. Chapel","Washington and Lee University--Faculty","Washington and Lee University--Students","Washington and Lee University--Buildings","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","McCormick, Cyrus Hall, 1809-1884"],"corpname_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Washington College (Lexington, Va.)","Washington and Lee University","Washington and Lee University. Chapel","Washington and Lee University--Faculty","Washington and Lee University--Students","Washington and Lee University--Buildings"],"persname_ssim":["Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","McCormick, Cyrus Hall, 1809-1884"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":333,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:35:07.914Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_469"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2816","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Adolphus P. Howard Papers","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2816#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Howard, Adolphus P.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2816#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eIncludes business and personal correspondence, accounts, legal papers, bank statements, maps, etc. Business correspondence, 1850-1938, include letters concerning A. P. Howard's various business enterprises; farm, livestock, fruit and produce, Wellsville, Ohio; printing firm, Columbus, Ohio; tannery, Corry, Penna.; bank and metal works, Pittsburgh, PA; farm, Congo, WV; subscription agent in Wellsville, Ohio for National Era, Washington, D.C. Earlier letters are to A. G. DeSellem, an uncle, including several concerning missionary work and anti-slavery activities; mention is made of several colleges, Western Reserve, Oberlin, and a school in Albany. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2816#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2816","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2816","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2816","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2816","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_2816.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/208266","title_ssm":["Adolphus P. Howard Papers"],"title_tesim":["Adolphus P. Howard Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1850-1938"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1850-1938"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 0517","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2816"],"text":["A\u0026M 0517","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2816","Adolphus P. Howard Papers","Columbus (Ohio)","Congo (W. Va.)","Ohio","Pittsburgh (Pa.)","Wellsville (Ohio)","Chicago (Ill.)","Abolition of slavery","Banks and banking","Livestock","Farms and farming.","Missionaries","Printers and printing.","Women's history -- 1850-1899","No special access restriction applies.","511, 515, 517","Includes business and personal correspondence, accounts, legal papers, bank statements, maps, etc. Business correspondence, 1850-1938, include letters concerning A. P. Howard's various business enterprises; farm, livestock, fruit and produce, Wellsville, Ohio; printing firm, Columbus, Ohio; tannery, Corry, Penna.; bank and metal works, Pittsburgh, PA; farm, Congo, WV; subscription agent in Wellsville, Ohio for National Era, Washington, D.C. Earlier letters are  to A. G. DeSellem, an uncle, including several concerning missionary work and anti-slavery activities; mention is made of several colleges, Western Reserve, Oberlin, and a school in Albany.                                                     ","Personal correspondence, 1853-1912, includes family letters from J.F. Howard, father, J.W. Howard, cousin; and Frank, Carl, Perle, and Homer, sons. Also, some letters from A.P. Howard to his sons and his wife. Several regarding his service in Civil War; choice of site and inscription for a monument to the 15th Pennsylvania, Cavalry.","Legal papers include inventory and appraisement of William Taggart's estate. Map of Chicago during Columbia Exposition.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","American Missionary Association","J.W. and A. P. Howard Company","Howard family","Howard, Adolphus P.","DeSellem, A.G.","Howard, John F.","Taggart, William","English"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 0517","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2816"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Adolphus P. Howard Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Adolphus P. Howard Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Adolphus P. Howard Papers"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Columbus (Ohio)","Congo (W. Va.)","Ohio","Pittsburgh (Pa.)","Wellsville (Ohio)","Chicago (Ill.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Columbus (Ohio)","Congo (W. 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(1 document case)"],"extent_tesim":["0.4 Linear Feet 5 in. (1 document case)"],"date_range_isim":[1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Adolphus P. Howard Papers, A\u0026amp;M 0517, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Adolphus P. Howard Papers, A\u0026M 0517, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e511, 515, 517\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related A\u0026M Collections"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["511, 515, 517"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIncludes business and personal correspondence, accounts, legal papers, bank statements, maps, etc. Business correspondence, 1850-1938, include letters concerning A. P. Howard's various business enterprises; farm, livestock, fruit and produce, Wellsville, Ohio; printing firm, Columbus, Ohio; tannery, Corry, Penna.; bank and metal works, Pittsburgh, PA; farm, Congo, WV; subscription agent in Wellsville, Ohio for National Era, Washington, D.C. Earlier letters are  to A. G. DeSellem, an uncle, including several concerning missionary work and anti-slavery activities; mention is made of several colleges, Western Reserve, Oberlin, and a school in Albany.                                                     \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePersonal correspondence, 1853-1912, includes family letters from J.F. Howard, father, J.W. Howard, cousin; and Frank, Carl, Perle, and Homer, sons. Also, some letters from A.P. Howard to his sons and his wife. Several regarding his service in Civil War; choice of site and inscription for a monument to the 15th Pennsylvania, Cavalry.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLegal papers include inventory and appraisement of William Taggart's estate. Map of Chicago during Columbia Exposition.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Includes business and personal correspondence, accounts, legal papers, bank statements, maps, etc. Business correspondence, 1850-1938, include letters concerning A. P. Howard's various business enterprises; farm, livestock, fruit and produce, Wellsville, Ohio; printing firm, Columbus, Ohio; tannery, Corry, Penna.; bank and metal works, Pittsburgh, PA; farm, Congo, WV; subscription agent in Wellsville, Ohio for National Era, Washington, D.C. Earlier letters are  to A. G. DeSellem, an uncle, including several concerning missionary work and anti-slavery activities; mention is made of several colleges, Western Reserve, Oberlin, and a school in Albany.                                                     ","Personal correspondence, 1853-1912, includes family letters from J.F. Howard, father, J.W. Howard, cousin; and Frank, Carl, Perle, and Homer, sons. Also, some letters from A.P. Howard to his sons and his wife. Several regarding his service in Civil War; choice of site and inscription for a monument to the 15th Pennsylvania, Cavalry.","Legal papers include inventory and appraisement of William Taggart's estate. Map of Chicago during Columbia Exposition."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_526459cf82e2ae17b111b755717dfc65\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. 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Howard Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1850-1938"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1850-1938"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 0517","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2816"],"text":["A\u0026M 0517","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2816","Adolphus P. Howard Papers","Columbus (Ohio)","Congo (W. Va.)","Ohio","Pittsburgh (Pa.)","Wellsville (Ohio)","Chicago (Ill.)","Abolition of slavery","Banks and banking","Livestock","Farms and farming.","Missionaries","Printers and printing.","Women's history -- 1850-1899","No special access restriction applies.","511, 515, 517","Includes business and personal correspondence, accounts, legal papers, bank statements, maps, etc. Business correspondence, 1850-1938, include letters concerning A. P. Howard's various business enterprises; farm, livestock, fruit and produce, Wellsville, Ohio; printing firm, Columbus, Ohio; tannery, Corry, Penna.; bank and metal works, Pittsburgh, PA; farm, Congo, WV; subscription agent in Wellsville, Ohio for National Era, Washington, D.C. Earlier letters are  to A. G. DeSellem, an uncle, including several concerning missionary work and anti-slavery activities; mention is made of several colleges, Western Reserve, Oberlin, and a school in Albany.                                                     ","Personal correspondence, 1853-1912, includes family letters from J.F. Howard, father, J.W. Howard, cousin; and Frank, Carl, Perle, and Homer, sons. Also, some letters from A.P. Howard to his sons and his wife. Several regarding his service in Civil War; choice of site and inscription for a monument to the 15th Pennsylvania, Cavalry.","Legal papers include inventory and appraisement of William Taggart's estate. Map of Chicago during Columbia Exposition.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","American Missionary Association","J.W. and A. P. Howard Company","Howard family","Howard, Adolphus P.","DeSellem, A.G.","Howard, John F.","Taggart, William","English"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 0517","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2816"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Adolphus P. Howard Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Adolphus P. Howard Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Adolphus P. Howard Papers"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Columbus (Ohio)","Congo (W. Va.)","Ohio","Pittsburgh (Pa.)","Wellsville (Ohio)","Chicago (Ill.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Columbus (Ohio)","Congo (W. Va.)","Ohio","Pittsburgh (Pa.)","Wellsville (Ohio)","Chicago (Ill.)"],"creator_ssm":["Howard, Adolphus P."],"creator_ssim":["Howard, Adolphus P."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Howard, Adolphus P."],"creators_ssim":["Howard, Adolphus P."],"places_ssim":["Columbus (Ohio)","Congo (W. Va.)","Ohio","Pittsburgh (Pa.)","Wellsville (Ohio)","Chicago (Ill.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Abolition of slavery","Banks and banking","Livestock","Farms and farming.","Missionaries","Printers and printing.","Women's history -- 1850-1899"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Abolition of slavery","Banks and banking","Livestock","Farms and farming.","Missionaries","Printers and printing.","Women's history -- 1850-1899"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.4 Linear Feet 5 in. (1 document case)"],"extent_tesim":["0.4 Linear Feet 5 in. (1 document case)"],"date_range_isim":[1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Adolphus P. Howard Papers, A\u0026amp;M 0517, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Adolphus P. Howard Papers, A\u0026M 0517, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e511, 515, 517\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related A\u0026M Collections"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["511, 515, 517"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIncludes business and personal correspondence, accounts, legal papers, bank statements, maps, etc. Business correspondence, 1850-1938, include letters concerning A. P. Howard's various business enterprises; farm, livestock, fruit and produce, Wellsville, Ohio; printing firm, Columbus, Ohio; tannery, Corry, Penna.; bank and metal works, Pittsburgh, PA; farm, Congo, WV; subscription agent in Wellsville, Ohio for National Era, Washington, D.C. Earlier letters are  to A. G. DeSellem, an uncle, including several concerning missionary work and anti-slavery activities; mention is made of several colleges, Western Reserve, Oberlin, and a school in Albany.                                                     \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePersonal correspondence, 1853-1912, includes family letters from J.F. Howard, father, J.W. Howard, cousin; and Frank, Carl, Perle, and Homer, sons. Also, some letters from A.P. Howard to his sons and his wife. Several regarding his service in Civil War; choice of site and inscription for a monument to the 15th Pennsylvania, Cavalry.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLegal papers include inventory and appraisement of William Taggart's estate. Map of Chicago during Columbia Exposition.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Includes business and personal correspondence, accounts, legal papers, bank statements, maps, etc. Business correspondence, 1850-1938, include letters concerning A. P. Howard's various business enterprises; farm, livestock, fruit and produce, Wellsville, Ohio; printing firm, Columbus, Ohio; tannery, Corry, Penna.; bank and metal works, Pittsburgh, PA; farm, Congo, WV; subscription agent in Wellsville, Ohio for National Era, Washington, D.C. Earlier letters are  to A. G. DeSellem, an uncle, including several concerning missionary work and anti-slavery activities; mention is made of several colleges, Western Reserve, Oberlin, and a school in Albany.                                                     ","Personal correspondence, 1853-1912, includes family letters from J.F. Howard, father, J.W. Howard, cousin; and Frank, Carl, Perle, and Homer, sons. Also, some letters from A.P. Howard to his sons and his wife. Several regarding his service in Civil War; choice of site and inscription for a monument to the 15th Pennsylvania, Cavalry.","Legal papers include inventory and appraisement of William Taggart's estate. Map of Chicago during Columbia Exposition."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_526459cf82e2ae17b111b755717dfc65\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/"],"names_coll_ssim":["American Missionary Association","J.W. and A. P. Howard Company","Howard family","DeSellem, A.G.","Howard, Adolphus P.","Howard, John F.","Taggart, William"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","American Missionary Association","J.W. and A. P. Howard Company","Howard family","Howard, Adolphus P.","DeSellem, A.G.","Howard, John F.","Taggart, William"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","American Missionary Association","J.W. and A. P. Howard Company"],"famname_ssim":["Howard family"],"persname_ssim":["Howard, Adolphus P.","DeSellem, A.G.","Howard, John F.","Taggart, William"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:45:03.376Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2816"}},{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_1174","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"African and African American photograph collection","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_1174#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains images of both African and African American individuals. The subjects photographed include military personnel, men, women, and children. Some individuals were photographed inside of a photographer's studio. The images vary in size and format and range in date from circa 1850s-1945. Each item has a description at the file level.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_1174#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_1174","ead_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_1174","_root_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_1174","_nest_parent_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_1174","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WLU/repositories_5_resources_1174.xml","title_filing_ssi":"African and African American photograph collection","title_ssm":["African and African American photograph collection"],"title_tesim":["African and African American photograph collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1850s-1945"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1850s-1945"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["WLU.Coll.0552","/repositories/5/resources/1174"],"text":["WLU.Coll.0552","/repositories/5/resources/1174","African and African American photograph collection","African American children","African Americans","Carte de visite photographs","Tintype","Ambrotype","African American women","African American men","African American soldiers","This collection is open for research use.","This collection contains images of both African and African American individuals. The subjects photographed include military personnel, men, women, and children. Some individuals were photographed inside of a photographer's studio. The images vary in size and format and range in date from circa 1850s-1945. Each item has a description at the file level.","Cased ambrotype photograph of a young woman who is posted standing. Her left arm is resting beside a book on a round table. The image is almost a full portrait.","Cased tintype of a girl who appears to be in her teenage years. She is posed sitting in a high back chair. She is holding a hat in her lap.","Carte de visite full-portrait image of a woman. She is posed standing with her left hand resting on a chair. Her right hand is holding a hat. Photography studio was Christmas and Zay's of Mansfield, Ohio.","Twenty-nine images dating from circa 1860s-1870s of the Patterson family in Richmond, Virginia. There are twenty tintypes and nine carte de visites. ","Tintype full-portrait of a woman. She is posed standing with her left hand resting on an object on a table top. Her right hand is hold the handle of a parasol. She is wearing a hat and a sash. The sash has been hand colored. Photographer was C. Campbell of Richmond.","Tintype full-portrait of a man. He is posed standing with his right arm resting against a stand. He is wearing a hat. Photographer was C. Campbell of Richmond.","Tintype portrait of a young woman. She is wearing a net bonnet with a ribbon and a necklace (choker).","Tintype portrait of a young woman. She is posed sitting in a chair. Her left hand is resting on the chair's arm, and she is wearing a ring on her left hand pointer finger. Her right hand is resting in her lap. She is wearing a hat, a brooch, and earrings.","Tintype portrait of a young man. His suit jacket is buttoned, and he is wearing a tie.","Tintype portrait of an older man. He is posed sitting down. His right hand is holding his jacket lapel. He is wearing a vest and a tie. His pocket watch fob chain is visible.","Tintype portrait of a young woman. She is posed sitting down. Her left arm is resting on a table top. She is wearing a bonnet with flowers. The flowers have been hand colored. She is wearing a ring on each hand.","Tintype portrait of a young man. He is posed sitting down with his left arm resting against a table top. The middle button on his vest is undone. His cheeks appear to have been hand colored.","Tintype portrait of a young man. He is posted sitting down. His pocket watch fob chain is visit. It appears his cheeks have been hand colored. He is wearing a ring on his left pinky finger. It also looks like he is wearing a stick pin in the lapel of his vest. The back of the tintype frame has been covered by newsprint.","Tintype portrait of a young man. His cheeks appear to have been hand colored. His tie tack is visible. There is writing on the back that may be his name, but it's hard to make out.","Tintype portrait of an older man. He is posed sitting down. His right arm is resting on the chair arm. His left arm is resting on his lap. His pocket watch fob chain is visible.","Tintype full-portrait of a young man. He is posed standing behind a chair with is left hand fingers touching the chair back. He is wearing a hat.","Tintype full-portrait of a girl. She is posed standing beside a prop which looks like a wooden fence. Her right hand is resting on the prop. She has bows in her hair.","Tintype full-portrait of an older woman. She is posed sitting on what looks to be crates draped in fabric. She is wearing a head scarf. It appears she is also wearing earrings and maybe a cuff bracelet on her left wrist.","Tintype portrait of a young woman. She is posed sitting. Her right arm is resting on a pile of two books. She is wearing what looks like a hair band.","Tintype full-portrait of a girl. She is posed standing between a tree stump prop and a chair. Her left arm is resting on the chair. She is wearing a ring on her left hand.","Tintype full-portrait of a young woman. She is posed standing next to a prop. Her left arm is resting on the prop. She has a kerchief around her neck and a hat or head covering.","Tintype portrait of a young man. He is posed seated with his left arm resting on the chair arm. He is wearing a tie tack and a ring on the pinky finger of his left hand.","Tintype portrait of a young man. His cheeks appear to have been hand colored. He is posed seated with his left hand holding onto the chair arm. He is holding something in his right hand. His pocket watch fob chain is visible as is a tie tack.","Tintype portrait of a young woman. She may be wearing a brooch. She is wearing earrings. She is identified as Laura Johnson.","Carte de visite portrait of a young man. His cheeks appear to have been hand colored. He is posed sitting down with his right arm resting on top of the back of the chair. He may be wearing a ring on the pinky finger of his left hand. The photographer was P. E. Gibbs of Richmond.","Carte de visite portrait of a young woman. Her cheeks appear to have been hand colored. She is posed standing with her arms crossed and resting on a prop. She is wearing a wedding band. The photographer was G. W. Davis of Richmond.","Carte de visite portrait of a young woman. There is spotting on the image. She is wearing a necklace and appears to have pin keeping her collar closed. She is identified as Estelle Patterson of Richmond. The photographer was Campbell's Photographic Gallery in Richmond.","There are six additional carte de visites which are believed to be associated with the Pattersons but in an unclear way. One or two of the subjects may be mixed race but the others are caucasian.","Carte de visite portrait of a young woman. There is some hand coloring on her face and hat. She is wearing a brooch. The photographer was Campbell's Photographic Art Gallery of Richmond.","Carte de visite portait of a young woman. Likely a copy of an earlier image. She is wearing earrings. The photographer was C. R. Rees and Bro. of Richmond.","Carte de visite portrait of a young woman. Likely a copy of an earlier image. She is wearing a net bonnet. She may be wearing earrings. She is identified as \"Cousin Mollie.\" The photographer was C. R. Rees and Bro. of Richmond.","Carte de visite portrait of a young man/older boy. Likely a copy of an earlier image. Photographer was Lee Gallery of Richmond.","Carte de visite full-portrait of a girl. She is posed sitting down wither her legs crossed and feet resting on a stool. Her left hand is pressed against the left side of her jaw and her left elbow is resting on a table top. She is holdin a book in her right hand. The photographer was C. R. Rees and Bro. of Richmond.","Carte de visite full-portrait of a baby. Likely a copy of an earlier image. The photographer was Frayser of Richmond.","There is also a ticket for 1/2 pound of coffee from the Canton Tea Compnay located in Richmond. On the back is stamped the name \"L. T. Robertson.\"","Tintype full-body portrait of a young boy. He is posed standing next to a stand with a round top. His right hand is resting on top of a pile of two books. His feet are bare.","Carte de visite full-portrait image of an elderly man. He is posed sitting in a chair. He is holding a cane with this left hand. A top hat is laying upside down on the floor beside him. The photograph was made by Manchester Bros. of Providence, Rhode Island.","Carte de visite of an elderly woman. It is not a full-portrait image and is likely a copy made from an earlier image. She is wearing a bonnet. Writing on the back indicates this photograph was once in an album. Someone has written a name on the back \"Mrs. [indecipherable] Gather.\"","Full length portrait of Nancy Wilson wearing a dress with one hand resting on a chair. There is a handwritten note on the back of the photograph that reads, \"My Mother, Nancy Wilson born 1844. 66 years old when she passed.\" The note is dated 1910.","Sepia-toned gelatin silver photograph mounted on cardstock. The image is of a woman posed standing with her right hand resting on a wicker chair.","Published by Strohmeyer and Wyman of New York, NY and sold by Underwood \u0026 Underwood, this stereoview shows five African American children sitting on a floor and eating watermelon. The reverse includes an ink inscription \"Anna E. Ward, July 18, 1894, from 'Papa.'\"","Sepia-toned image is mounted on thick cardstock. The young woman is in a light colored dress and seated on a porch. Her right arm is draped around the dog.","Copyrighted in 1896 by B. W. Kilbourn of Littleton, New Hampshire, this stereoview image shows 24 African men, women, and children posed with statues and musical instruments. They are gathered under a decorative umbrella at the 1895 Cotton States International Exposition. This was the third and final Cotton Exposition held in Atlanta. Its purpose was to foster trade between southern states and South American nations as well as to show the products and facilities of the region to the rest of the nation and to Europe.","Gelatin silver full-length postcard photograph of two young cowboys. One is wearing chaps, a white shirt, and a bandana tied around his neck. He is also wearing a gun holster. He's holding a revolver in his right hand. The other individual is wearing denim pants and a white shirt. He is holding a rifle in his right hand. Both are wearing cowboy hats but neither is wearing cowboy boots.","Gelatin silver print photograph mounted on cardstock. Cheyne's Studio of Hampton, Virginia is stamped on the lower mount. The image features seven Hampton Normal School students posted for a professional portrait in 1916. Hampton Normal School is now Hampton University. The male students are both African American and Indigenous. They are all dressed in the same military uniform, some with ranks on their sleeves. Five of the students are standing in a formal pose with their hands at their sides. Two students are seating in chairs with hands clasped. Placed between the seated students is a large potted plant on a stand. At the base of the stand is a lettered sign that reads: \"Success / Agr\" with a pictorial vignette of a white plow, a growing plant, and a white cloud and \"1916 / Crowns Labor.\"","These students may have been the first class of ROTC cadets. ROTC started in 1916 at Hampton.","Published by the Keystone View Company in circa 1918, this stereoview card was issued as 19118. The caption reads \"Uncle Sam Provides for Comfort of His Soldiers. Colored Troops En Route to France. Taking Train Rest at Railway Division Front.\" The reverse provides two paragraphs of text about the photograph.","Sepia-toned gelatin silver photograph of a young woman wearing an overcoat and holding a hat. She is posed standing beside a chair with her right arm leaning against the top. The photographer was Benjamin Blakemore at his studio in Staunton, Virginia.","Sepia-toned gelatin silver photograph of a young woman posed seated with a child on her lap and a child seated on her left. This image might have been taken a studio in Staunton, Virginia.","Gelatin silver print that has been hand-tinted. The image is of two men. One man is a sailor with the U. S. Navy. He's wearing a blue sailor's uniform including the beret. He is wearing a white carnation. The other man is wearing a gray pinstriped suit and a fedora. He is also wearing a white carnation. The image appears to have been take in a photographer's studio.","Gelatin silver print of a USMC platoon likely taken during basic training. The USMC established a segregated basic training camp at Camp Lejeune, NC called Montford Point. The photographer's stamp on the back is for Henry Renfrew of Jacksonville, North Carolina, which means this platoon was likely at Montford Point, circa 1943-1943. The marines are wearing their Summer Service uniform, including sabres. Most have rifles at their side. Many of the marines are indentified in pencil on the back. A few are identified in ink on the front.","Tintype studio photograph of a couple. The woman has shoulder-length curly hair and wears a tiered longsleeve dress with a brooch at the collar. The man dresses in a suit and tie with a long sportcoat. He has short hair and a goatee. Their elbows rest on a column with a decoration on top.","Sixth plate tintype studio image of a woman and a young girl. The woman wears a light-colored patterned gown and a straw hat. She sits on a chair. A young girl stands beside her and rests a hand on her shoulder. The young girl wears a white dress and boots. They are posed before a painted backdrop of a garden. The ground is covered in grass and leaves.","Studio portrait of an unidentified officer in the Uniform Rank of the Knights of Pythias. The photograph is from the C. W. Borah studio in Columbus, Ohio. The man is photographed in full regalia. He wears a double-breasted frock coat which features two vertical rows of polished brass buttons, shoulder epaulets, and a high collar. He wears a chapeau with a folded brim and a side plume. A ceremonial sword rests in his gloved hand. He wears several medals and ribbons.","Large albumen photograph of African American barbers. Photograph shows five men in white coats and bow ties standing beside velvet upholstered barber's chairs lining a long counter, ornate mirrors above each station. The men rest their hands on the chairs.","Panoramic sepia toned gelatin silver photograph of a group of unidentified African American soldiers in the U. S. Army during the circa 1940s. The photograph features 88 soldiers along with 5 white officers.","The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials. Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.","Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","English"],"unitid_tesim":["WLU.Coll.0552","/repositories/5/resources/1174"],"normalized_title_ssm":["African and African American photograph collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["African and African American photograph collection"],"collection_ssim":["African and African American photograph collection"],"repository_ssm":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"access_terms_ssm":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials. Any materials used should be fully credited with the source."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchases in November 2023 and June 2024"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African American children","African Americans","Carte de visite photographs","Tintype","Ambrotype","African American women","African American men","African American soldiers"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African American children","African Americans","Carte de visite photographs","Tintype","Ambrotype","African American women","African American men","African American soldiers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2.5 Linear Feet one document case, 1 folder in a shared box, 1 oversize folder"],"extent_tesim":["2.5 Linear Feet one document case, 1 folder in a shared box, 1 oversize folder"],"date_range_isim":[1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research use."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], African and African American Photograph Collection (WLU Coll. 0552), Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], African and African American Photograph Collection (WLU Coll. 0552), Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains images of both African and African American individuals. The subjects photographed include military personnel, men, women, and children. Some individuals were photographed inside of a photographer's studio. The images vary in size and format and range in date from circa 1850s-1945. Each item has a description at the file level.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCased ambrotype photograph of a young woman who is posted standing. Her left arm is resting beside a book on a round table. The image is almost a full portrait.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCased tintype of a girl who appears to be in her teenage years. She is posed sitting in a high back chair. She is holding a hat in her lap.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCarte de visite full-portrait image of a woman. She is posed standing with her left hand resting on a chair. Her right hand is holding a hat. Photography studio was Christmas and Zay's of Mansfield, Ohio.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwenty-nine images dating from circa 1860s-1870s of the Patterson family in Richmond, Virginia. There are twenty tintypes and nine carte de visites. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTintype full-portrait of a woman. She is posed standing with her left hand resting on an object on a table top. Her right hand is hold the handle of a parasol. She is wearing a hat and a sash. The sash has been hand colored. Photographer was C. Campbell of Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTintype full-portrait of a man. He is posed standing with his right arm resting against a stand. He is wearing a hat. Photographer was C. Campbell of Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTintype portrait of a young woman. She is wearing a net bonnet with a ribbon and a necklace (choker).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTintype portrait of a young woman. She is posed sitting in a chair. Her left hand is resting on the chair's arm, and she is wearing a ring on her left hand pointer finger. Her right hand is resting in her lap. She is wearing a hat, a brooch, and earrings.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTintype portrait of a young man. His suit jacket is buttoned, and he is wearing a tie.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTintype portrait of an older man. He is posed sitting down. His right hand is holding his jacket lapel. He is wearing a vest and a tie. His pocket watch fob chain is visible.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTintype portrait of a young woman. She is posed sitting down. Her left arm is resting on a table top. She is wearing a bonnet with flowers. The flowers have been hand colored. She is wearing a ring on each hand.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTintype portrait of a young man. He is posed sitting down with his left arm resting against a table top. The middle button on his vest is undone. His cheeks appear to have been hand colored.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTintype portrait of a young man. He is posted sitting down. His pocket watch fob chain is visit. It appears his cheeks have been hand colored. He is wearing a ring on his left pinky finger. It also looks like he is wearing a stick pin in the lapel of his vest. The back of the tintype frame has been covered by newsprint.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTintype portrait of a young man. His cheeks appear to have been hand colored. His tie tack is visible. There is writing on the back that may be his name, but it's hard to make out.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTintype portrait of an older man. He is posed sitting down. His right arm is resting on the chair arm. His left arm is resting on his lap. His pocket watch fob chain is visible.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTintype full-portrait of a young man. He is posed standing behind a chair with is left hand fingers touching the chair back. He is wearing a hat.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTintype full-portrait of a girl. She is posed standing beside a prop which looks like a wooden fence. Her right hand is resting on the prop. She has bows in her hair.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTintype full-portrait of an older woman. She is posed sitting on what looks to be crates draped in fabric. She is wearing a head scarf. It appears she is also wearing earrings and maybe a cuff bracelet on her left wrist.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTintype portrait of a young woman. She is posed sitting. Her right arm is resting on a pile of two books. She is wearing what looks like a hair band.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTintype full-portrait of a girl. She is posed standing between a tree stump prop and a chair. Her left arm is resting on the chair. She is wearing a ring on her left hand.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTintype full-portrait of a young woman. She is posed standing next to a prop. Her left arm is resting on the prop. She has a kerchief around her neck and a hat or head covering.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTintype portrait of a young man. He is posed seated with his left arm resting on the chair arm. He is wearing a tie tack and a ring on the pinky finger of his left hand.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTintype portrait of a young man. His cheeks appear to have been hand colored. He is posed seated with his left hand holding onto the chair arm. He is holding something in his right hand. His pocket watch fob chain is visible as is a tie tack.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTintype portrait of a young woman. She may be wearing a brooch. She is wearing earrings. She is identified as Laura Johnson.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCarte de visite portrait of a young man. His cheeks appear to have been hand colored. He is posed sitting down with his right arm resting on top of the back of the chair. He may be wearing a ring on the pinky finger of his left hand. The photographer was P. E. Gibbs of Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCarte de visite portrait of a young woman. Her cheeks appear to have been hand colored. She is posed standing with her arms crossed and resting on a prop. She is wearing a wedding band. The photographer was G. W. Davis of Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCarte de visite portrait of a young woman. There is spotting on the image. She is wearing a necklace and appears to have pin keeping her collar closed. She is identified as Estelle Patterson of Richmond. The photographer was Campbell's Photographic Gallery in Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere are six additional carte de visites which are believed to be associated with the Pattersons but in an unclear way. One or two of the subjects may be mixed race but the others are caucasian.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCarte de visite portrait of a young woman. There is some hand coloring on her face and hat. She is wearing a brooch. The photographer was Campbell's Photographic Art Gallery of Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCarte de visite portait of a young woman. Likely a copy of an earlier image. She is wearing earrings. The photographer was C. R. Rees and Bro. of Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCarte de visite portrait of a young woman. Likely a copy of an earlier image. She is wearing a net bonnet. She may be wearing earrings. She is identified as \"Cousin Mollie.\" The photographer was C. R. Rees and Bro. of Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCarte de visite portrait of a young man/older boy. Likely a copy of an earlier image. Photographer was Lee Gallery of Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCarte de visite full-portrait of a girl. She is posed sitting down wither her legs crossed and feet resting on a stool. Her left hand is pressed against the left side of her jaw and her left elbow is resting on a table top. She is holdin a book in her right hand. The photographer was C. R. Rees and Bro. of Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCarte de visite full-portrait of a baby. Likely a copy of an earlier image. The photographer was Frayser of Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere is also a ticket for 1/2 pound of coffee from the Canton Tea Compnay located in Richmond. On the back is stamped the name \"L. T. Robertson.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTintype full-body portrait of a young boy. He is posed standing next to a stand with a round top. His right hand is resting on top of a pile of two books. His feet are bare.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCarte de visite full-portrait image of an elderly man. He is posed sitting in a chair. He is holding a cane with this left hand. A top hat is laying upside down on the floor beside him. The photograph was made by Manchester Bros. of Providence, Rhode Island.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCarte de visite of an elderly woman. It is not a full-portrait image and is likely a copy made from an earlier image. She is wearing a bonnet. Writing on the back indicates this photograph was once in an album. Someone has written a name on the back \"Mrs. [indecipherable] Gather.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFull length portrait of Nancy Wilson wearing a dress with one hand resting on a chair. There is a handwritten note on the back of the photograph that reads, \"My Mother, Nancy Wilson born 1844. 66 years old when she passed.\" The note is dated 1910.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSepia-toned gelatin silver photograph mounted on cardstock. The image is of a woman posed standing with her right hand resting on a wicker chair.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePublished by Strohmeyer and Wyman of New York, NY and sold by Underwood \u0026amp; Underwood, this stereoview shows five African American children sitting on a floor and eating watermelon. The reverse includes an ink inscription \"Anna E. Ward, July 18, 1894, from 'Papa.'\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSepia-toned image is mounted on thick cardstock. The young woman is in a light colored dress and seated on a porch. Her right arm is draped around the dog.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyrighted in 1896 by B. W. Kilbourn of Littleton, New Hampshire, this stereoview image shows 24 African men, women, and children posed with statues and musical instruments. They are gathered under a decorative umbrella at the 1895 Cotton States International Exposition. This was the third and final Cotton Exposition held in Atlanta. Its purpose was to foster trade between southern states and South American nations as well as to show the products and facilities of the region to the rest of the nation and to Europe.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGelatin silver full-length postcard photograph of two young cowboys. One is wearing chaps, a white shirt, and a bandana tied around his neck. He is also wearing a gun holster. He's holding a revolver in his right hand. The other individual is wearing denim pants and a white shirt. He is holding a rifle in his right hand. Both are wearing cowboy hats but neither is wearing cowboy boots.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGelatin silver print photograph mounted on cardstock. Cheyne's Studio of Hampton, Virginia is stamped on the lower mount. The image features seven Hampton Normal School students posted for a professional portrait in 1916. Hampton Normal School is now Hampton University. The male students are both African American and Indigenous. They are all dressed in the same military uniform, some with ranks on their sleeves. Five of the students are standing in a formal pose with their hands at their sides. Two students are seating in chairs with hands clasped. Placed between the seated students is a large potted plant on a stand. At the base of the stand is a lettered sign that reads: \"Success / Agr\" with a pictorial vignette of a white plow, a growing plant, and a white cloud and \"1916 / Crowns Labor.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThese students may have been the first class of ROTC cadets. ROTC started in 1916 at Hampton.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePublished by the Keystone View Company in circa 1918, this stereoview card was issued as 19118. The caption reads \"Uncle Sam Provides for Comfort of His Soldiers. Colored Troops En Route to France. Taking Train Rest at Railway Division Front.\" The reverse provides two paragraphs of text about the photograph.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSepia-toned gelatin silver photograph of a young woman wearing an overcoat and holding a hat. She is posed standing beside a chair with her right arm leaning against the top. The photographer was Benjamin Blakemore at his studio in Staunton, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSepia-toned gelatin silver photograph of a young woman posed seated with a child on her lap and a child seated on her left. This image might have been taken a studio in Staunton, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGelatin silver print that has been hand-tinted. The image is of two men. One man is a sailor with the U. S. Navy. He's wearing a blue sailor's uniform including the beret. He is wearing a white carnation. The other man is wearing a gray pinstriped suit and a fedora. He is also wearing a white carnation. The image appears to have been take in a photographer's studio.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGelatin silver print of a USMC platoon likely taken during basic training. The USMC established a segregated basic training camp at Camp Lejeune, NC called Montford Point. The photographer's stamp on the back is for Henry Renfrew of Jacksonville, North Carolina, which means this platoon was likely at Montford Point, circa 1943-1943. The marines are wearing their Summer Service uniform, including sabres. Most have rifles at their side. Many of the marines are indentified in pencil on the back. A few are identified in ink on the front.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTintype studio photograph of a couple. The woman has shoulder-length curly hair and wears a tiered longsleeve dress with a brooch at the collar. The man dresses in a suit and tie with a long sportcoat. He has short hair and a goatee. Their elbows rest on a column with a decoration on top.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSixth plate tintype studio image of a woman and a young girl. The woman wears a light-colored patterned gown and a straw hat. She sits on a chair. A young girl stands beside her and rests a hand on her shoulder. The young girl wears a white dress and boots. They are posed before a painted backdrop of a garden. The ground is covered in grass and leaves.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStudio portrait of an unidentified officer in the Uniform Rank of the Knights of Pythias. The photograph is from the C. W. Borah studio in Columbus, Ohio. The man is photographed in full regalia. He wears a double-breasted frock coat which features two vertical rows of polished brass buttons, shoulder epaulets, and a high collar. He wears a chapeau with a folded brim and a side plume. A ceremonial sword rests in his gloved hand. He wears several medals and ribbons.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLarge albumen photograph of African American barbers. Photograph shows five men in white coats and bow ties standing beside velvet upholstered barber's chairs lining a long counter, ornate mirrors above each station. The men rest their hands on the chairs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePanoramic sepia toned gelatin silver photograph of a group of unidentified African American soldiers in the U. S. Army during the circa 1940s. The photograph features 88 soldiers along with 5 white officers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains images of both African and African American individuals. The subjects photographed include military personnel, men, women, and children. Some individuals were photographed inside of a photographer's studio. The images vary in size and format and range in date from circa 1850s-1945. Each item has a description at the file level.","Cased ambrotype photograph of a young woman who is posted standing. Her left arm is resting beside a book on a round table. The image is almost a full portrait.","Cased tintype of a girl who appears to be in her teenage years. She is posed sitting in a high back chair. She is holding a hat in her lap.","Carte de visite full-portrait image of a woman. She is posed standing with her left hand resting on a chair. Her right hand is holding a hat. Photography studio was Christmas and Zay's of Mansfield, Ohio.","Twenty-nine images dating from circa 1860s-1870s of the Patterson family in Richmond, Virginia. There are twenty tintypes and nine carte de visites. ","Tintype full-portrait of a woman. She is posed standing with her left hand resting on an object on a table top. Her right hand is hold the handle of a parasol. She is wearing a hat and a sash. The sash has been hand colored. Photographer was C. Campbell of Richmond.","Tintype full-portrait of a man. He is posed standing with his right arm resting against a stand. He is wearing a hat. Photographer was C. Campbell of Richmond.","Tintype portrait of a young woman. She is wearing a net bonnet with a ribbon and a necklace (choker).","Tintype portrait of a young woman. She is posed sitting in a chair. Her left hand is resting on the chair's arm, and she is wearing a ring on her left hand pointer finger. Her right hand is resting in her lap. She is wearing a hat, a brooch, and earrings.","Tintype portrait of a young man. His suit jacket is buttoned, and he is wearing a tie.","Tintype portrait of an older man. He is posed sitting down. His right hand is holding his jacket lapel. He is wearing a vest and a tie. His pocket watch fob chain is visible.","Tintype portrait of a young woman. She is posed sitting down. Her left arm is resting on a table top. She is wearing a bonnet with flowers. The flowers have been hand colored. She is wearing a ring on each hand.","Tintype portrait of a young man. He is posed sitting down with his left arm resting against a table top. The middle button on his vest is undone. His cheeks appear to have been hand colored.","Tintype portrait of a young man. He is posted sitting down. His pocket watch fob chain is visit. It appears his cheeks have been hand colored. He is wearing a ring on his left pinky finger. It also looks like he is wearing a stick pin in the lapel of his vest. The back of the tintype frame has been covered by newsprint.","Tintype portrait of a young man. His cheeks appear to have been hand colored. His tie tack is visible. There is writing on the back that may be his name, but it's hard to make out.","Tintype portrait of an older man. He is posed sitting down. His right arm is resting on the chair arm. His left arm is resting on his lap. His pocket watch fob chain is visible.","Tintype full-portrait of a young man. He is posed standing behind a chair with is left hand fingers touching the chair back. He is wearing a hat.","Tintype full-portrait of a girl. She is posed standing beside a prop which looks like a wooden fence. Her right hand is resting on the prop. She has bows in her hair.","Tintype full-portrait of an older woman. She is posed sitting on what looks to be crates draped in fabric. She is wearing a head scarf. It appears she is also wearing earrings and maybe a cuff bracelet on her left wrist.","Tintype portrait of a young woman. She is posed sitting. Her right arm is resting on a pile of two books. She is wearing what looks like a hair band.","Tintype full-portrait of a girl. She is posed standing between a tree stump prop and a chair. Her left arm is resting on the chair. She is wearing a ring on her left hand.","Tintype full-portrait of a young woman. She is posed standing next to a prop. Her left arm is resting on the prop. She has a kerchief around her neck and a hat or head covering.","Tintype portrait of a young man. He is posed seated with his left arm resting on the chair arm. He is wearing a tie tack and a ring on the pinky finger of his left hand.","Tintype portrait of a young man. His cheeks appear to have been hand colored. He is posed seated with his left hand holding onto the chair arm. He is holding something in his right hand. His pocket watch fob chain is visible as is a tie tack.","Tintype portrait of a young woman. She may be wearing a brooch. She is wearing earrings. She is identified as Laura Johnson.","Carte de visite portrait of a young man. His cheeks appear to have been hand colored. He is posed sitting down with his right arm resting on top of the back of the chair. He may be wearing a ring on the pinky finger of his left hand. The photographer was P. E. Gibbs of Richmond.","Carte de visite portrait of a young woman. Her cheeks appear to have been hand colored. She is posed standing with her arms crossed and resting on a prop. She is wearing a wedding band. The photographer was G. W. Davis of Richmond.","Carte de visite portrait of a young woman. There is spotting on the image. She is wearing a necklace and appears to have pin keeping her collar closed. She is identified as Estelle Patterson of Richmond. The photographer was Campbell's Photographic Gallery in Richmond.","There are six additional carte de visites which are believed to be associated with the Pattersons but in an unclear way. One or two of the subjects may be mixed race but the others are caucasian.","Carte de visite portrait of a young woman. There is some hand coloring on her face and hat. She is wearing a brooch. The photographer was Campbell's Photographic Art Gallery of Richmond.","Carte de visite portait of a young woman. Likely a copy of an earlier image. She is wearing earrings. The photographer was C. R. Rees and Bro. of Richmond.","Carte de visite portrait of a young woman. Likely a copy of an earlier image. She is wearing a net bonnet. She may be wearing earrings. She is identified as \"Cousin Mollie.\" The photographer was C. R. Rees and Bro. of Richmond.","Carte de visite portrait of a young man/older boy. Likely a copy of an earlier image. Photographer was Lee Gallery of Richmond.","Carte de visite full-portrait of a girl. She is posed sitting down wither her legs crossed and feet resting on a stool. Her left hand is pressed against the left side of her jaw and her left elbow is resting on a table top. She is holdin a book in her right hand. The photographer was C. R. Rees and Bro. of Richmond.","Carte de visite full-portrait of a baby. Likely a copy of an earlier image. The photographer was Frayser of Richmond.","There is also a ticket for 1/2 pound of coffee from the Canton Tea Compnay located in Richmond. On the back is stamped the name \"L. T. Robertson.\"","Tintype full-body portrait of a young boy. He is posed standing next to a stand with a round top. His right hand is resting on top of a pile of two books. His feet are bare.","Carte de visite full-portrait image of an elderly man. He is posed sitting in a chair. He is holding a cane with this left hand. A top hat is laying upside down on the floor beside him. The photograph was made by Manchester Bros. of Providence, Rhode Island.","Carte de visite of an elderly woman. It is not a full-portrait image and is likely a copy made from an earlier image. She is wearing a bonnet. Writing on the back indicates this photograph was once in an album. Someone has written a name on the back \"Mrs. [indecipherable] Gather.\"","Full length portrait of Nancy Wilson wearing a dress with one hand resting on a chair. There is a handwritten note on the back of the photograph that reads, \"My Mother, Nancy Wilson born 1844. 66 years old when she passed.\" The note is dated 1910.","Sepia-toned gelatin silver photograph mounted on cardstock. The image is of a woman posed standing with her right hand resting on a wicker chair.","Published by Strohmeyer and Wyman of New York, NY and sold by Underwood \u0026 Underwood, this stereoview shows five African American children sitting on a floor and eating watermelon. The reverse includes an ink inscription \"Anna E. Ward, July 18, 1894, from 'Papa.'\"","Sepia-toned image is mounted on thick cardstock. The young woman is in a light colored dress and seated on a porch. Her right arm is draped around the dog.","Copyrighted in 1896 by B. W. Kilbourn of Littleton, New Hampshire, this stereoview image shows 24 African men, women, and children posed with statues and musical instruments. They are gathered under a decorative umbrella at the 1895 Cotton States International Exposition. This was the third and final Cotton Exposition held in Atlanta. Its purpose was to foster trade between southern states and South American nations as well as to show the products and facilities of the region to the rest of the nation and to Europe.","Gelatin silver full-length postcard photograph of two young cowboys. One is wearing chaps, a white shirt, and a bandana tied around his neck. He is also wearing a gun holster. He's holding a revolver in his right hand. The other individual is wearing denim pants and a white shirt. He is holding a rifle in his right hand. Both are wearing cowboy hats but neither is wearing cowboy boots.","Gelatin silver print photograph mounted on cardstock. Cheyne's Studio of Hampton, Virginia is stamped on the lower mount. The image features seven Hampton Normal School students posted for a professional portrait in 1916. Hampton Normal School is now Hampton University. The male students are both African American and Indigenous. They are all dressed in the same military uniform, some with ranks on their sleeves. Five of the students are standing in a formal pose with their hands at their sides. Two students are seating in chairs with hands clasped. Placed between the seated students is a large potted plant on a stand. At the base of the stand is a lettered sign that reads: \"Success / Agr\" with a pictorial vignette of a white plow, a growing plant, and a white cloud and \"1916 / Crowns Labor.\"","These students may have been the first class of ROTC cadets. ROTC started in 1916 at Hampton.","Published by the Keystone View Company in circa 1918, this stereoview card was issued as 19118. The caption reads \"Uncle Sam Provides for Comfort of His Soldiers. Colored Troops En Route to France. Taking Train Rest at Railway Division Front.\" The reverse provides two paragraphs of text about the photograph.","Sepia-toned gelatin silver photograph of a young woman wearing an overcoat and holding a hat. She is posed standing beside a chair with her right arm leaning against the top. The photographer was Benjamin Blakemore at his studio in Staunton, Virginia.","Sepia-toned gelatin silver photograph of a young woman posed seated with a child on her lap and a child seated on her left. This image might have been taken a studio in Staunton, Virginia.","Gelatin silver print that has been hand-tinted. The image is of two men. One man is a sailor with the U. S. Navy. He's wearing a blue sailor's uniform including the beret. He is wearing a white carnation. The other man is wearing a gray pinstriped suit and a fedora. He is also wearing a white carnation. The image appears to have been take in a photographer's studio.","Gelatin silver print of a USMC platoon likely taken during basic training. The USMC established a segregated basic training camp at Camp Lejeune, NC called Montford Point. The photographer's stamp on the back is for Henry Renfrew of Jacksonville, North Carolina, which means this platoon was likely at Montford Point, circa 1943-1943. The marines are wearing their Summer Service uniform, including sabres. Most have rifles at their side. Many of the marines are indentified in pencil on the back. A few are identified in ink on the front.","Tintype studio photograph of a couple. The woman has shoulder-length curly hair and wears a tiered longsleeve dress with a brooch at the collar. The man dresses in a suit and tie with a long sportcoat. He has short hair and a goatee. Their elbows rest on a column with a decoration on top.","Sixth plate tintype studio image of a woman and a young girl. The woman wears a light-colored patterned gown and a straw hat. She sits on a chair. A young girl stands beside her and rests a hand on her shoulder. The young girl wears a white dress and boots. They are posed before a painted backdrop of a garden. The ground is covered in grass and leaves.","Studio portrait of an unidentified officer in the Uniform Rank of the Knights of Pythias. The photograph is from the C. W. Borah studio in Columbus, Ohio. The man is photographed in full regalia. He wears a double-breasted frock coat which features two vertical rows of polished brass buttons, shoulder epaulets, and a high collar. He wears a chapeau with a folded brim and a side plume. A ceremonial sword rests in his gloved hand. He wears several medals and ribbons.","Large albumen photograph of African American barbers. Photograph shows five men in white coats and bow ties standing beside velvet upholstered barber's chairs lining a long counter, ornate mirrors above each station. The men rest their hands on the chairs.","Panoramic sepia toned gelatin silver photograph of a group of unidentified African American soldiers in the U. S. Army during the circa 1940s. The photograph features 88 soldiers along with 5 white officers."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials. Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials. Any materials used should be fully credited with the source."],"names_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives"],"corpname_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":24,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T22:07:48.730Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_1174","ead_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_1174","_root_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_1174","_nest_parent_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_1174","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WLU/repositories_5_resources_1174.xml","title_filing_ssi":"African and African American photograph collection","title_ssm":["African and African American photograph collection"],"title_tesim":["African and African American photograph collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1850s-1945"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1850s-1945"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["WLU.Coll.0552","/repositories/5/resources/1174"],"text":["WLU.Coll.0552","/repositories/5/resources/1174","African and African American photograph collection","African American children","African Americans","Carte de visite photographs","Tintype","Ambrotype","African American women","African American men","African American soldiers","This collection is open for research use.","This collection contains images of both African and African American individuals. The subjects photographed include military personnel, men, women, and children. Some individuals were photographed inside of a photographer's studio. The images vary in size and format and range in date from circa 1850s-1945. Each item has a description at the file level.","Cased ambrotype photograph of a young woman who is posted standing. Her left arm is resting beside a book on a round table. The image is almost a full portrait.","Cased tintype of a girl who appears to be in her teenage years. She is posed sitting in a high back chair. She is holding a hat in her lap.","Carte de visite full-portrait image of a woman. She is posed standing with her left hand resting on a chair. Her right hand is holding a hat. Photography studio was Christmas and Zay's of Mansfield, Ohio.","Twenty-nine images dating from circa 1860s-1870s of the Patterson family in Richmond, Virginia. There are twenty tintypes and nine carte de visites. ","Tintype full-portrait of a woman. She is posed standing with her left hand resting on an object on a table top. Her right hand is hold the handle of a parasol. She is wearing a hat and a sash. The sash has been hand colored. Photographer was C. Campbell of Richmond.","Tintype full-portrait of a man. He is posed standing with his right arm resting against a stand. He is wearing a hat. Photographer was C. Campbell of Richmond.","Tintype portrait of a young woman. She is wearing a net bonnet with a ribbon and a necklace (choker).","Tintype portrait of a young woman. She is posed sitting in a chair. Her left hand is resting on the chair's arm, and she is wearing a ring on her left hand pointer finger. Her right hand is resting in her lap. She is wearing a hat, a brooch, and earrings.","Tintype portrait of a young man. His suit jacket is buttoned, and he is wearing a tie.","Tintype portrait of an older man. He is posed sitting down. His right hand is holding his jacket lapel. He is wearing a vest and a tie. His pocket watch fob chain is visible.","Tintype portrait of a young woman. She is posed sitting down. Her left arm is resting on a table top. She is wearing a bonnet with flowers. The flowers have been hand colored. She is wearing a ring on each hand.","Tintype portrait of a young man. He is posed sitting down with his left arm resting against a table top. The middle button on his vest is undone. His cheeks appear to have been hand colored.","Tintype portrait of a young man. He is posted sitting down. His pocket watch fob chain is visit. It appears his cheeks have been hand colored. He is wearing a ring on his left pinky finger. It also looks like he is wearing a stick pin in the lapel of his vest. The back of the tintype frame has been covered by newsprint.","Tintype portrait of a young man. His cheeks appear to have been hand colored. His tie tack is visible. There is writing on the back that may be his name, but it's hard to make out.","Tintype portrait of an older man. He is posed sitting down. His right arm is resting on the chair arm. His left arm is resting on his lap. His pocket watch fob chain is visible.","Tintype full-portrait of a young man. He is posed standing behind a chair with is left hand fingers touching the chair back. He is wearing a hat.","Tintype full-portrait of a girl. She is posed standing beside a prop which looks like a wooden fence. Her right hand is resting on the prop. She has bows in her hair.","Tintype full-portrait of an older woman. She is posed sitting on what looks to be crates draped in fabric. She is wearing a head scarf. It appears she is also wearing earrings and maybe a cuff bracelet on her left wrist.","Tintype portrait of a young woman. She is posed sitting. Her right arm is resting on a pile of two books. She is wearing what looks like a hair band.","Tintype full-portrait of a girl. She is posed standing between a tree stump prop and a chair. Her left arm is resting on the chair. She is wearing a ring on her left hand.","Tintype full-portrait of a young woman. She is posed standing next to a prop. Her left arm is resting on the prop. She has a kerchief around her neck and a hat or head covering.","Tintype portrait of a young man. He is posed seated with his left arm resting on the chair arm. He is wearing a tie tack and a ring on the pinky finger of his left hand.","Tintype portrait of a young man. His cheeks appear to have been hand colored. He is posed seated with his left hand holding onto the chair arm. He is holding something in his right hand. His pocket watch fob chain is visible as is a tie tack.","Tintype portrait of a young woman. She may be wearing a brooch. She is wearing earrings. She is identified as Laura Johnson.","Carte de visite portrait of a young man. His cheeks appear to have been hand colored. He is posed sitting down with his right arm resting on top of the back of the chair. He may be wearing a ring on the pinky finger of his left hand. The photographer was P. E. Gibbs of Richmond.","Carte de visite portrait of a young woman. Her cheeks appear to have been hand colored. She is posed standing with her arms crossed and resting on a prop. She is wearing a wedding band. The photographer was G. W. Davis of Richmond.","Carte de visite portrait of a young woman. There is spotting on the image. She is wearing a necklace and appears to have pin keeping her collar closed. She is identified as Estelle Patterson of Richmond. The photographer was Campbell's Photographic Gallery in Richmond.","There are six additional carte de visites which are believed to be associated with the Pattersons but in an unclear way. One or two of the subjects may be mixed race but the others are caucasian.","Carte de visite portrait of a young woman. There is some hand coloring on her face and hat. She is wearing a brooch. The photographer was Campbell's Photographic Art Gallery of Richmond.","Carte de visite portait of a young woman. Likely a copy of an earlier image. She is wearing earrings. The photographer was C. R. Rees and Bro. of Richmond.","Carte de visite portrait of a young woman. Likely a copy of an earlier image. She is wearing a net bonnet. She may be wearing earrings. She is identified as \"Cousin Mollie.\" The photographer was C. R. Rees and Bro. of Richmond.","Carte de visite portrait of a young man/older boy. Likely a copy of an earlier image. Photographer was Lee Gallery of Richmond.","Carte de visite full-portrait of a girl. She is posed sitting down wither her legs crossed and feet resting on a stool. Her left hand is pressed against the left side of her jaw and her left elbow is resting on a table top. She is holdin a book in her right hand. The photographer was C. R. Rees and Bro. of Richmond.","Carte de visite full-portrait of a baby. Likely a copy of an earlier image. The photographer was Frayser of Richmond.","There is also a ticket for 1/2 pound of coffee from the Canton Tea Compnay located in Richmond. On the back is stamped the name \"L. T. Robertson.\"","Tintype full-body portrait of a young boy. He is posed standing next to a stand with a round top. His right hand is resting on top of a pile of two books. His feet are bare.","Carte de visite full-portrait image of an elderly man. He is posed sitting in a chair. He is holding a cane with this left hand. A top hat is laying upside down on the floor beside him. The photograph was made by Manchester Bros. of Providence, Rhode Island.","Carte de visite of an elderly woman. It is not a full-portrait image and is likely a copy made from an earlier image. She is wearing a bonnet. Writing on the back indicates this photograph was once in an album. Someone has written a name on the back \"Mrs. [indecipherable] Gather.\"","Full length portrait of Nancy Wilson wearing a dress with one hand resting on a chair. There is a handwritten note on the back of the photograph that reads, \"My Mother, Nancy Wilson born 1844. 66 years old when she passed.\" The note is dated 1910.","Sepia-toned gelatin silver photograph mounted on cardstock. The image is of a woman posed standing with her right hand resting on a wicker chair.","Published by Strohmeyer and Wyman of New York, NY and sold by Underwood \u0026 Underwood, this stereoview shows five African American children sitting on a floor and eating watermelon. The reverse includes an ink inscription \"Anna E. Ward, July 18, 1894, from 'Papa.'\"","Sepia-toned image is mounted on thick cardstock. The young woman is in a light colored dress and seated on a porch. Her right arm is draped around the dog.","Copyrighted in 1896 by B. W. Kilbourn of Littleton, New Hampshire, this stereoview image shows 24 African men, women, and children posed with statues and musical instruments. They are gathered under a decorative umbrella at the 1895 Cotton States International Exposition. This was the third and final Cotton Exposition held in Atlanta. Its purpose was to foster trade between southern states and South American nations as well as to show the products and facilities of the region to the rest of the nation and to Europe.","Gelatin silver full-length postcard photograph of two young cowboys. One is wearing chaps, a white shirt, and a bandana tied around his neck. He is also wearing a gun holster. He's holding a revolver in his right hand. The other individual is wearing denim pants and a white shirt. He is holding a rifle in his right hand. Both are wearing cowboy hats but neither is wearing cowboy boots.","Gelatin silver print photograph mounted on cardstock. Cheyne's Studio of Hampton, Virginia is stamped on the lower mount. The image features seven Hampton Normal School students posted for a professional portrait in 1916. Hampton Normal School is now Hampton University. The male students are both African American and Indigenous. They are all dressed in the same military uniform, some with ranks on their sleeves. Five of the students are standing in a formal pose with their hands at their sides. Two students are seating in chairs with hands clasped. Placed between the seated students is a large potted plant on a stand. At the base of the stand is a lettered sign that reads: \"Success / Agr\" with a pictorial vignette of a white plow, a growing plant, and a white cloud and \"1916 / Crowns Labor.\"","These students may have been the first class of ROTC cadets. ROTC started in 1916 at Hampton.","Published by the Keystone View Company in circa 1918, this stereoview card was issued as 19118. The caption reads \"Uncle Sam Provides for Comfort of His Soldiers. Colored Troops En Route to France. Taking Train Rest at Railway Division Front.\" The reverse provides two paragraphs of text about the photograph.","Sepia-toned gelatin silver photograph of a young woman wearing an overcoat and holding a hat. She is posed standing beside a chair with her right arm leaning against the top. The photographer was Benjamin Blakemore at his studio in Staunton, Virginia.","Sepia-toned gelatin silver photograph of a young woman posed seated with a child on her lap and a child seated on her left. This image might have been taken a studio in Staunton, Virginia.","Gelatin silver print that has been hand-tinted. The image is of two men. One man is a sailor with the U. S. Navy. He's wearing a blue sailor's uniform including the beret. He is wearing a white carnation. The other man is wearing a gray pinstriped suit and a fedora. He is also wearing a white carnation. The image appears to have been take in a photographer's studio.","Gelatin silver print of a USMC platoon likely taken during basic training. The USMC established a segregated basic training camp at Camp Lejeune, NC called Montford Point. The photographer's stamp on the back is for Henry Renfrew of Jacksonville, North Carolina, which means this platoon was likely at Montford Point, circa 1943-1943. The marines are wearing their Summer Service uniform, including sabres. Most have rifles at their side. Many of the marines are indentified in pencil on the back. A few are identified in ink on the front.","Tintype studio photograph of a couple. The woman has shoulder-length curly hair and wears a tiered longsleeve dress with a brooch at the collar. The man dresses in a suit and tie with a long sportcoat. He has short hair and a goatee. Their elbows rest on a column with a decoration on top.","Sixth plate tintype studio image of a woman and a young girl. The woman wears a light-colored patterned gown and a straw hat. She sits on a chair. A young girl stands beside her and rests a hand on her shoulder. The young girl wears a white dress and boots. They are posed before a painted backdrop of a garden. The ground is covered in grass and leaves.","Studio portrait of an unidentified officer in the Uniform Rank of the Knights of Pythias. The photograph is from the C. W. Borah studio in Columbus, Ohio. The man is photographed in full regalia. He wears a double-breasted frock coat which features two vertical rows of polished brass buttons, shoulder epaulets, and a high collar. He wears a chapeau with a folded brim and a side plume. A ceremonial sword rests in his gloved hand. He wears several medals and ribbons.","Large albumen photograph of African American barbers. Photograph shows five men in white coats and bow ties standing beside velvet upholstered barber's chairs lining a long counter, ornate mirrors above each station. The men rest their hands on the chairs.","Panoramic sepia toned gelatin silver photograph of a group of unidentified African American soldiers in the U. S. Army during the circa 1940s. The photograph features 88 soldiers along with 5 white officers.","The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials. Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.","Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","English"],"unitid_tesim":["WLU.Coll.0552","/repositories/5/resources/1174"],"normalized_title_ssm":["African and African American photograph collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["African and African American photograph collection"],"collection_ssim":["African and African American photograph collection"],"repository_ssm":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"access_terms_ssm":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials. Any materials used should be fully credited with the source."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchases in November 2023 and June 2024"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African American children","African Americans","Carte de visite photographs","Tintype","Ambrotype","African American women","African American men","African American soldiers"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African American children","African Americans","Carte de visite photographs","Tintype","Ambrotype","African American women","African American men","African American soldiers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2.5 Linear Feet one document case, 1 folder in a shared box, 1 oversize folder"],"extent_tesim":["2.5 Linear Feet one document case, 1 folder in a shared box, 1 oversize folder"],"date_range_isim":[1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research use."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], African and African American Photograph Collection (WLU Coll. 0552), Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], African and African American Photograph Collection (WLU Coll. 0552), Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains images of both African and African American individuals. The subjects photographed include military personnel, men, women, and children. Some individuals were photographed inside of a photographer's studio. The images vary in size and format and range in date from circa 1850s-1945. Each item has a description at the file level.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCased ambrotype photograph of a young woman who is posted standing. Her left arm is resting beside a book on a round table. The image is almost a full portrait.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCased tintype of a girl who appears to be in her teenage years. She is posed sitting in a high back chair. She is holding a hat in her lap.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCarte de visite full-portrait image of a woman. She is posed standing with her left hand resting on a chair. Her right hand is holding a hat. Photography studio was Christmas and Zay's of Mansfield, Ohio.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwenty-nine images dating from circa 1860s-1870s of the Patterson family in Richmond, Virginia. There are twenty tintypes and nine carte de visites. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTintype full-portrait of a woman. She is posed standing with her left hand resting on an object on a table top. Her right hand is hold the handle of a parasol. She is wearing a hat and a sash. The sash has been hand colored. Photographer was C. Campbell of Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTintype full-portrait of a man. He is posed standing with his right arm resting against a stand. He is wearing a hat. Photographer was C. Campbell of Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTintype portrait of a young woman. She is wearing a net bonnet with a ribbon and a necklace (choker).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTintype portrait of a young woman. She is posed sitting in a chair. Her left hand is resting on the chair's arm, and she is wearing a ring on her left hand pointer finger. Her right hand is resting in her lap. She is wearing a hat, a brooch, and earrings.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTintype portrait of a young man. His suit jacket is buttoned, and he is wearing a tie.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTintype portrait of an older man. He is posed sitting down. His right hand is holding his jacket lapel. He is wearing a vest and a tie. His pocket watch fob chain is visible.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTintype portrait of a young woman. She is posed sitting down. Her left arm is resting on a table top. She is wearing a bonnet with flowers. The flowers have been hand colored. She is wearing a ring on each hand.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTintype portrait of a young man. He is posed sitting down with his left arm resting against a table top. The middle button on his vest is undone. His cheeks appear to have been hand colored.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTintype portrait of a young man. He is posted sitting down. His pocket watch fob chain is visit. It appears his cheeks have been hand colored. He is wearing a ring on his left pinky finger. It also looks like he is wearing a stick pin in the lapel of his vest. The back of the tintype frame has been covered by newsprint.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTintype portrait of a young man. His cheeks appear to have been hand colored. His tie tack is visible. There is writing on the back that may be his name, but it's hard to make out.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTintype portrait of an older man. He is posed sitting down. His right arm is resting on the chair arm. His left arm is resting on his lap. His pocket watch fob chain is visible.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTintype full-portrait of a young man. He is posed standing behind a chair with is left hand fingers touching the chair back. He is wearing a hat.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTintype full-portrait of a girl. She is posed standing beside a prop which looks like a wooden fence. Her right hand is resting on the prop. She has bows in her hair.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTintype full-portrait of an older woman. She is posed sitting on what looks to be crates draped in fabric. She is wearing a head scarf. It appears she is also wearing earrings and maybe a cuff bracelet on her left wrist.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTintype portrait of a young woman. She is posed sitting. Her right arm is resting on a pile of two books. She is wearing what looks like a hair band.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTintype full-portrait of a girl. She is posed standing between a tree stump prop and a chair. Her left arm is resting on the chair. She is wearing a ring on her left hand.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTintype full-portrait of a young woman. She is posed standing next to a prop. Her left arm is resting on the prop. She has a kerchief around her neck and a hat or head covering.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTintype portrait of a young man. He is posed seated with his left arm resting on the chair arm. He is wearing a tie tack and a ring on the pinky finger of his left hand.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTintype portrait of a young man. His cheeks appear to have been hand colored. He is posed seated with his left hand holding onto the chair arm. He is holding something in his right hand. His pocket watch fob chain is visible as is a tie tack.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTintype portrait of a young woman. She may be wearing a brooch. She is wearing earrings. She is identified as Laura Johnson.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCarte de visite portrait of a young man. His cheeks appear to have been hand colored. He is posed sitting down with his right arm resting on top of the back of the chair. He may be wearing a ring on the pinky finger of his left hand. The photographer was P. E. Gibbs of Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCarte de visite portrait of a young woman. Her cheeks appear to have been hand colored. She is posed standing with her arms crossed and resting on a prop. She is wearing a wedding band. The photographer was G. W. Davis of Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCarte de visite portrait of a young woman. There is spotting on the image. She is wearing a necklace and appears to have pin keeping her collar closed. She is identified as Estelle Patterson of Richmond. The photographer was Campbell's Photographic Gallery in Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere are six additional carte de visites which are believed to be associated with the Pattersons but in an unclear way. One or two of the subjects may be mixed race but the others are caucasian.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCarte de visite portrait of a young woman. There is some hand coloring on her face and hat. She is wearing a brooch. The photographer was Campbell's Photographic Art Gallery of Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCarte de visite portait of a young woman. Likely a copy of an earlier image. She is wearing earrings. The photographer was C. R. Rees and Bro. of Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCarte de visite portrait of a young woman. Likely a copy of an earlier image. She is wearing a net bonnet. She may be wearing earrings. She is identified as \"Cousin Mollie.\" The photographer was C. R. Rees and Bro. of Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCarte de visite portrait of a young man/older boy. Likely a copy of an earlier image. Photographer was Lee Gallery of Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCarte de visite full-portrait of a girl. She is posed sitting down wither her legs crossed and feet resting on a stool. Her left hand is pressed against the left side of her jaw and her left elbow is resting on a table top. She is holdin a book in her right hand. The photographer was C. R. Rees and Bro. of Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCarte de visite full-portrait of a baby. Likely a copy of an earlier image. The photographer was Frayser of Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere is also a ticket for 1/2 pound of coffee from the Canton Tea Compnay located in Richmond. On the back is stamped the name \"L. T. Robertson.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTintype full-body portrait of a young boy. He is posed standing next to a stand with a round top. His right hand is resting on top of a pile of two books. His feet are bare.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCarte de visite full-portrait image of an elderly man. He is posed sitting in a chair. He is holding a cane with this left hand. A top hat is laying upside down on the floor beside him. The photograph was made by Manchester Bros. of Providence, Rhode Island.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCarte de visite of an elderly woman. It is not a full-portrait image and is likely a copy made from an earlier image. She is wearing a bonnet. Writing on the back indicates this photograph was once in an album. Someone has written a name on the back \"Mrs. [indecipherable] Gather.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFull length portrait of Nancy Wilson wearing a dress with one hand resting on a chair. There is a handwritten note on the back of the photograph that reads, \"My Mother, Nancy Wilson born 1844. 66 years old when she passed.\" The note is dated 1910.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSepia-toned gelatin silver photograph mounted on cardstock. The image is of a woman posed standing with her right hand resting on a wicker chair.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePublished by Strohmeyer and Wyman of New York, NY and sold by Underwood \u0026amp; Underwood, this stereoview shows five African American children sitting on a floor and eating watermelon. The reverse includes an ink inscription \"Anna E. Ward, July 18, 1894, from 'Papa.'\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSepia-toned image is mounted on thick cardstock. The young woman is in a light colored dress and seated on a porch. Her right arm is draped around the dog.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyrighted in 1896 by B. W. Kilbourn of Littleton, New Hampshire, this stereoview image shows 24 African men, women, and children posed with statues and musical instruments. They are gathered under a decorative umbrella at the 1895 Cotton States International Exposition. This was the third and final Cotton Exposition held in Atlanta. Its purpose was to foster trade between southern states and South American nations as well as to show the products and facilities of the region to the rest of the nation and to Europe.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGelatin silver full-length postcard photograph of two young cowboys. One is wearing chaps, a white shirt, and a bandana tied around his neck. He is also wearing a gun holster. He's holding a revolver in his right hand. The other individual is wearing denim pants and a white shirt. He is holding a rifle in his right hand. Both are wearing cowboy hats but neither is wearing cowboy boots.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGelatin silver print photograph mounted on cardstock. Cheyne's Studio of Hampton, Virginia is stamped on the lower mount. The image features seven Hampton Normal School students posted for a professional portrait in 1916. Hampton Normal School is now Hampton University. The male students are both African American and Indigenous. They are all dressed in the same military uniform, some with ranks on their sleeves. Five of the students are standing in a formal pose with their hands at their sides. Two students are seating in chairs with hands clasped. Placed between the seated students is a large potted plant on a stand. At the base of the stand is a lettered sign that reads: \"Success / Agr\" with a pictorial vignette of a white plow, a growing plant, and a white cloud and \"1916 / Crowns Labor.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThese students may have been the first class of ROTC cadets. ROTC started in 1916 at Hampton.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePublished by the Keystone View Company in circa 1918, this stereoview card was issued as 19118. The caption reads \"Uncle Sam Provides for Comfort of His Soldiers. Colored Troops En Route to France. Taking Train Rest at Railway Division Front.\" The reverse provides two paragraphs of text about the photograph.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSepia-toned gelatin silver photograph of a young woman wearing an overcoat and holding a hat. She is posed standing beside a chair with her right arm leaning against the top. The photographer was Benjamin Blakemore at his studio in Staunton, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSepia-toned gelatin silver photograph of a young woman posed seated with a child on her lap and a child seated on her left. This image might have been taken a studio in Staunton, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGelatin silver print that has been hand-tinted. The image is of two men. One man is a sailor with the U. S. Navy. He's wearing a blue sailor's uniform including the beret. He is wearing a white carnation. The other man is wearing a gray pinstriped suit and a fedora. He is also wearing a white carnation. The image appears to have been take in a photographer's studio.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGelatin silver print of a USMC platoon likely taken during basic training. The USMC established a segregated basic training camp at Camp Lejeune, NC called Montford Point. The photographer's stamp on the back is for Henry Renfrew of Jacksonville, North Carolina, which means this platoon was likely at Montford Point, circa 1943-1943. The marines are wearing their Summer Service uniform, including sabres. Most have rifles at their side. Many of the marines are indentified in pencil on the back. A few are identified in ink on the front.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTintype studio photograph of a couple. The woman has shoulder-length curly hair and wears a tiered longsleeve dress with a brooch at the collar. The man dresses in a suit and tie with a long sportcoat. He has short hair and a goatee. Their elbows rest on a column with a decoration on top.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSixth plate tintype studio image of a woman and a young girl. The woman wears a light-colored patterned gown and a straw hat. She sits on a chair. A young girl stands beside her and rests a hand on her shoulder. The young girl wears a white dress and boots. They are posed before a painted backdrop of a garden. The ground is covered in grass and leaves.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStudio portrait of an unidentified officer in the Uniform Rank of the Knights of Pythias. The photograph is from the C. W. Borah studio in Columbus, Ohio. The man is photographed in full regalia. He wears a double-breasted frock coat which features two vertical rows of polished brass buttons, shoulder epaulets, and a high collar. He wears a chapeau with a folded brim and a side plume. A ceremonial sword rests in his gloved hand. He wears several medals and ribbons.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLarge albumen photograph of African American barbers. Photograph shows five men in white coats and bow ties standing beside velvet upholstered barber's chairs lining a long counter, ornate mirrors above each station. The men rest their hands on the chairs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePanoramic sepia toned gelatin silver photograph of a group of unidentified African American soldiers in the U. S. Army during the circa 1940s. The photograph features 88 soldiers along with 5 white officers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains images of both African and African American individuals. The subjects photographed include military personnel, men, women, and children. Some individuals were photographed inside of a photographer's studio. The images vary in size and format and range in date from circa 1850s-1945. Each item has a description at the file level.","Cased ambrotype photograph of a young woman who is posted standing. Her left arm is resting beside a book on a round table. The image is almost a full portrait.","Cased tintype of a girl who appears to be in her teenage years. She is posed sitting in a high back chair. She is holding a hat in her lap.","Carte de visite full-portrait image of a woman. She is posed standing with her left hand resting on a chair. Her right hand is holding a hat. Photography studio was Christmas and Zay's of Mansfield, Ohio.","Twenty-nine images dating from circa 1860s-1870s of the Patterson family in Richmond, Virginia. There are twenty tintypes and nine carte de visites. ","Tintype full-portrait of a woman. She is posed standing with her left hand resting on an object on a table top. Her right hand is hold the handle of a parasol. She is wearing a hat and a sash. The sash has been hand colored. Photographer was C. Campbell of Richmond.","Tintype full-portrait of a man. He is posed standing with his right arm resting against a stand. He is wearing a hat. Photographer was C. Campbell of Richmond.","Tintype portrait of a young woman. She is wearing a net bonnet with a ribbon and a necklace (choker).","Tintype portrait of a young woman. She is posed sitting in a chair. Her left hand is resting on the chair's arm, and she is wearing a ring on her left hand pointer finger. Her right hand is resting in her lap. She is wearing a hat, a brooch, and earrings.","Tintype portrait of a young man. His suit jacket is buttoned, and he is wearing a tie.","Tintype portrait of an older man. He is posed sitting down. His right hand is holding his jacket lapel. He is wearing a vest and a tie. His pocket watch fob chain is visible.","Tintype portrait of a young woman. She is posed sitting down. Her left arm is resting on a table top. She is wearing a bonnet with flowers. The flowers have been hand colored. She is wearing a ring on each hand.","Tintype portrait of a young man. He is posed sitting down with his left arm resting against a table top. The middle button on his vest is undone. His cheeks appear to have been hand colored.","Tintype portrait of a young man. He is posted sitting down. His pocket watch fob chain is visit. It appears his cheeks have been hand colored. He is wearing a ring on his left pinky finger. It also looks like he is wearing a stick pin in the lapel of his vest. The back of the tintype frame has been covered by newsprint.","Tintype portrait of a young man. His cheeks appear to have been hand colored. His tie tack is visible. There is writing on the back that may be his name, but it's hard to make out.","Tintype portrait of an older man. He is posed sitting down. His right arm is resting on the chair arm. His left arm is resting on his lap. His pocket watch fob chain is visible.","Tintype full-portrait of a young man. He is posed standing behind a chair with is left hand fingers touching the chair back. He is wearing a hat.","Tintype full-portrait of a girl. She is posed standing beside a prop which looks like a wooden fence. Her right hand is resting on the prop. She has bows in her hair.","Tintype full-portrait of an older woman. She is posed sitting on what looks to be crates draped in fabric. She is wearing a head scarf. It appears she is also wearing earrings and maybe a cuff bracelet on her left wrist.","Tintype portrait of a young woman. She is posed sitting. Her right arm is resting on a pile of two books. She is wearing what looks like a hair band.","Tintype full-portrait of a girl. She is posed standing between a tree stump prop and a chair. Her left arm is resting on the chair. She is wearing a ring on her left hand.","Tintype full-portrait of a young woman. She is posed standing next to a prop. Her left arm is resting on the prop. She has a kerchief around her neck and a hat or head covering.","Tintype portrait of a young man. He is posed seated with his left arm resting on the chair arm. He is wearing a tie tack and a ring on the pinky finger of his left hand.","Tintype portrait of a young man. His cheeks appear to have been hand colored. He is posed seated with his left hand holding onto the chair arm. He is holding something in his right hand. His pocket watch fob chain is visible as is a tie tack.","Tintype portrait of a young woman. She may be wearing a brooch. She is wearing earrings. She is identified as Laura Johnson.","Carte de visite portrait of a young man. His cheeks appear to have been hand colored. He is posed sitting down with his right arm resting on top of the back of the chair. He may be wearing a ring on the pinky finger of his left hand. The photographer was P. E. Gibbs of Richmond.","Carte de visite portrait of a young woman. Her cheeks appear to have been hand colored. She is posed standing with her arms crossed and resting on a prop. She is wearing a wedding band. The photographer was G. W. Davis of Richmond.","Carte de visite portrait of a young woman. There is spotting on the image. She is wearing a necklace and appears to have pin keeping her collar closed. She is identified as Estelle Patterson of Richmond. The photographer was Campbell's Photographic Gallery in Richmond.","There are six additional carte de visites which are believed to be associated with the Pattersons but in an unclear way. One or two of the subjects may be mixed race but the others are caucasian.","Carte de visite portrait of a young woman. There is some hand coloring on her face and hat. She is wearing a brooch. The photographer was Campbell's Photographic Art Gallery of Richmond.","Carte de visite portait of a young woman. Likely a copy of an earlier image. She is wearing earrings. The photographer was C. R. Rees and Bro. of Richmond.","Carte de visite portrait of a young woman. Likely a copy of an earlier image. She is wearing a net bonnet. She may be wearing earrings. She is identified as \"Cousin Mollie.\" The photographer was C. R. Rees and Bro. of Richmond.","Carte de visite portrait of a young man/older boy. Likely a copy of an earlier image. Photographer was Lee Gallery of Richmond.","Carte de visite full-portrait of a girl. She is posed sitting down wither her legs crossed and feet resting on a stool. Her left hand is pressed against the left side of her jaw and her left elbow is resting on a table top. She is holdin a book in her right hand. The photographer was C. R. Rees and Bro. of Richmond.","Carte de visite full-portrait of a baby. Likely a copy of an earlier image. The photographer was Frayser of Richmond.","There is also a ticket for 1/2 pound of coffee from the Canton Tea Compnay located in Richmond. On the back is stamped the name \"L. T. Robertson.\"","Tintype full-body portrait of a young boy. He is posed standing next to a stand with a round top. His right hand is resting on top of a pile of two books. His feet are bare.","Carte de visite full-portrait image of an elderly man. He is posed sitting in a chair. He is holding a cane with this left hand. A top hat is laying upside down on the floor beside him. The photograph was made by Manchester Bros. of Providence, Rhode Island.","Carte de visite of an elderly woman. It is not a full-portrait image and is likely a copy made from an earlier image. She is wearing a bonnet. Writing on the back indicates this photograph was once in an album. Someone has written a name on the back \"Mrs. [indecipherable] Gather.\"","Full length portrait of Nancy Wilson wearing a dress with one hand resting on a chair. There is a handwritten note on the back of the photograph that reads, \"My Mother, Nancy Wilson born 1844. 66 years old when she passed.\" The note is dated 1910.","Sepia-toned gelatin silver photograph mounted on cardstock. The image is of a woman posed standing with her right hand resting on a wicker chair.","Published by Strohmeyer and Wyman of New York, NY and sold by Underwood \u0026 Underwood, this stereoview shows five African American children sitting on a floor and eating watermelon. The reverse includes an ink inscription \"Anna E. Ward, July 18, 1894, from 'Papa.'\"","Sepia-toned image is mounted on thick cardstock. The young woman is in a light colored dress and seated on a porch. Her right arm is draped around the dog.","Copyrighted in 1896 by B. W. Kilbourn of Littleton, New Hampshire, this stereoview image shows 24 African men, women, and children posed with statues and musical instruments. They are gathered under a decorative umbrella at the 1895 Cotton States International Exposition. This was the third and final Cotton Exposition held in Atlanta. Its purpose was to foster trade between southern states and South American nations as well as to show the products and facilities of the region to the rest of the nation and to Europe.","Gelatin silver full-length postcard photograph of two young cowboys. One is wearing chaps, a white shirt, and a bandana tied around his neck. He is also wearing a gun holster. He's holding a revolver in his right hand. The other individual is wearing denim pants and a white shirt. He is holding a rifle in his right hand. Both are wearing cowboy hats but neither is wearing cowboy boots.","Gelatin silver print photograph mounted on cardstock. Cheyne's Studio of Hampton, Virginia is stamped on the lower mount. The image features seven Hampton Normal School students posted for a professional portrait in 1916. Hampton Normal School is now Hampton University. The male students are both African American and Indigenous. They are all dressed in the same military uniform, some with ranks on their sleeves. Five of the students are standing in a formal pose with their hands at their sides. Two students are seating in chairs with hands clasped. Placed between the seated students is a large potted plant on a stand. At the base of the stand is a lettered sign that reads: \"Success / Agr\" with a pictorial vignette of a white plow, a growing plant, and a white cloud and \"1916 / Crowns Labor.\"","These students may have been the first class of ROTC cadets. ROTC started in 1916 at Hampton.","Published by the Keystone View Company in circa 1918, this stereoview card was issued as 19118. The caption reads \"Uncle Sam Provides for Comfort of His Soldiers. Colored Troops En Route to France. Taking Train Rest at Railway Division Front.\" The reverse provides two paragraphs of text about the photograph.","Sepia-toned gelatin silver photograph of a young woman wearing an overcoat and holding a hat. She is posed standing beside a chair with her right arm leaning against the top. The photographer was Benjamin Blakemore at his studio in Staunton, Virginia.","Sepia-toned gelatin silver photograph of a young woman posed seated with a child on her lap and a child seated on her left. This image might have been taken a studio in Staunton, Virginia.","Gelatin silver print that has been hand-tinted. The image is of two men. One man is a sailor with the U. S. Navy. He's wearing a blue sailor's uniform including the beret. He is wearing a white carnation. The other man is wearing a gray pinstriped suit and a fedora. He is also wearing a white carnation. The image appears to have been take in a photographer's studio.","Gelatin silver print of a USMC platoon likely taken during basic training. The USMC established a segregated basic training camp at Camp Lejeune, NC called Montford Point. The photographer's stamp on the back is for Henry Renfrew of Jacksonville, North Carolina, which means this platoon was likely at Montford Point, circa 1943-1943. The marines are wearing their Summer Service uniform, including sabres. Most have rifles at their side. Many of the marines are indentified in pencil on the back. A few are identified in ink on the front.","Tintype studio photograph of a couple. The woman has shoulder-length curly hair and wears a tiered longsleeve dress with a brooch at the collar. The man dresses in a suit and tie with a long sportcoat. He has short hair and a goatee. Their elbows rest on a column with a decoration on top.","Sixth plate tintype studio image of a woman and a young girl. The woman wears a light-colored patterned gown and a straw hat. She sits on a chair. A young girl stands beside her and rests a hand on her shoulder. The young girl wears a white dress and boots. They are posed before a painted backdrop of a garden. The ground is covered in grass and leaves.","Studio portrait of an unidentified officer in the Uniform Rank of the Knights of Pythias. The photograph is from the C. W. Borah studio in Columbus, Ohio. The man is photographed in full regalia. He wears a double-breasted frock coat which features two vertical rows of polished brass buttons, shoulder epaulets, and a high collar. He wears a chapeau with a folded brim and a side plume. A ceremonial sword rests in his gloved hand. He wears several medals and ribbons.","Large albumen photograph of African American barbers. Photograph shows five men in white coats and bow ties standing beside velvet upholstered barber's chairs lining a long counter, ornate mirrors above each station. The men rest their hands on the chairs.","Panoramic sepia toned gelatin silver photograph of a group of unidentified African American soldiers in the U. S. Army during the circa 1940s. The photograph features 88 soldiers along with 5 white officers."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials. Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials. Any materials used should be fully credited with the source."],"names_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives"],"corpname_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":24,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T22:07:48.730Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_1174"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_7292","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"A. Glass Account Book","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_7292#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eAccount books containing personal accounts, 1852-1862, of A. Glass and his accounts, 1844-1859, as the administrator of the estates of Thomas H. Roberts, Joseph Cleuveures, and Benjamin Cleuveures. Also includes accounts of A. Glass with the Baltimore and West Point Steam Packet Company and the West Point Railway.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_7292#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_7292","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_7292","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_7292","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_7292","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_7292.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Glass, A. Account Book","title_ssm":["A. Glass Account Book"],"title_tesim":["A. Glass Account Book"],"unitdate_ssm":["1844-1862"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1844-1862"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss. MsV Aa4","/repositories/2/resources/7292"],"text":["Mss. MsV Aa4","/repositories/2/resources/7292","A. Glass Account Book","Executors and administrators--Virginia--History--19th century","Railroads--United States","Steamboat lines--United States","Account books","55 p.","The collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki:  .","Account books containing personal accounts, 1852-1862, of A. Glass and his accounts, 1844-1859, as the administrator of the estates of Thomas H. Roberts, Joseph Cleuveures, and Benjamin Cleuveures. Also includes accounts of A. Glass with the Baltimore and West Point Steam Packet Company and the West Point Railway.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","English"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss. MsV Aa4","/repositories/2/resources/7292"],"normalized_title_ssm":["A. Glass Account Book"],"collection_title_tesim":["A. Glass Account Book"],"collection_ssim":["A. Glass Account Book"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Executors and administrators--Virginia--History--19th century","Railroads--United States","Steamboat lines--United States","Account books"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Executors and administrators--Virginia--History--19th century","Railroads--United States","Steamboat lines--United States","Account books"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["55 p."],"extent_ssm":["0.10 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["0.10 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Account books"],"date_range_isim":[1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eInformation about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: \u003cextref href=\"http://scdbwiki.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/A._Glass,_fl.\" title=\"A. Glass, fl.\"\u003e\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information:"],"bioghist_tesim":["Information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki:  ."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA. Glass Account Book, Special Collection Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["A. Glass Account Book, Special Collection Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAccount books containing personal accounts, 1852-1862, of A. Glass and his accounts, 1844-1859, as the administrator of the estates of Thomas H. Roberts, Joseph Cleuveures, and Benjamin Cleuveures. Also includes accounts of A. Glass with the Baltimore and West Point Steam Packet Company and the West Point Railway.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Account books containing personal accounts, 1852-1862, of A. Glass and his accounts, 1844-1859, as the administrator of the estates of Thomas H. Roberts, Joseph Cleuveures, and Benjamin Cleuveures. Also includes accounts of A. Glass with the Baltimore and West Point Steam Packet Company and the West Point Railway."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T13:57:27.156Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_7292","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_7292","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_7292","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_7292","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_7292.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Glass, A. Account Book","title_ssm":["A. Glass Account Book"],"title_tesim":["A. Glass Account Book"],"unitdate_ssm":["1844-1862"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1844-1862"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss. MsV Aa4","/repositories/2/resources/7292"],"text":["Mss. MsV Aa4","/repositories/2/resources/7292","A. Glass Account Book","Executors and administrators--Virginia--History--19th century","Railroads--United States","Steamboat lines--United States","Account books","55 p.","The collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki:  .","Account books containing personal accounts, 1852-1862, of A. Glass and his accounts, 1844-1859, as the administrator of the estates of Thomas H. Roberts, Joseph Cleuveures, and Benjamin Cleuveures. Also includes accounts of A. Glass with the Baltimore and West Point Steam Packet Company and the West Point Railway.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","English"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss. MsV Aa4","/repositories/2/resources/7292"],"normalized_title_ssm":["A. Glass Account Book"],"collection_title_tesim":["A. Glass Account Book"],"collection_ssim":["A. Glass Account Book"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Executors and administrators--Virginia--History--19th century","Railroads--United States","Steamboat lines--United States","Account books"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Executors and administrators--Virginia--History--19th century","Railroads--United States","Steamboat lines--United States","Account books"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["55 p."],"extent_ssm":["0.10 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["0.10 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Account books"],"date_range_isim":[1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to all researchers. 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Hand, Princeton, New Jersey to his cousin Augustus Cornwall, Catskill, New York, giving advice on being a student and discussing the value of an education. Typescripts available."," A paper explaining the relationship of the cousins, a biography of both men, and a genealogy report of the Cornwall Family and descendants of John and Rebecca Hand sent by a descendant in 2009 is also part of the collection."," 4 items.","Letters include: 16 March 1835. A.H. Hand, Princeton [N.J.] to Augustus Cornwall, Catskill, N[ew] York; 21 July 1835. A.H. Hand, Princeton, [N.J.] to cousin A[u]gustus Cornwall, Catskill, N[ew] York; 16 March 1835. A.H. Hand, Princeton [N.J.], to Augustus Cornwall, Catskill, N[ew] York; 21 July 1835. A.H. Hand, Princeton, [N.Y.] to cousin A[u]gustus Cornwall, Catskill, N[ew] York."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Hand, A. H."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Hand, A. H."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T03:18:49.790Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_919"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2135","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Aileen Shafer, Collector, Material regarding African-Americans","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2135#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Shafer, Aileen","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2135#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eNineteenth century records regarding African-Americans, including deed of emancipation (1829), two brief autograph letters by abolitionists Charles Sumner and Wendell Phillips (1850, 1882), eight copies of \"The Anti-Slavery Record\", a significant abolitionist publication (1835), and twenty popular song broadsides featuring minstrel song themes (ca. 1830s-1860s).\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2135#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2135","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2135","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2135","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2135","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_2135.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/196237","title_ssm":["Aileen Shafer, Collector, Material regarding African-Americans"],"title_tesim":["Aileen Shafer, Collector, Material regarding African-Americans"],"unitdate_ssm":["1829-1884"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1829-1884"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 3756","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2135"],"text":["A\u0026M 3756","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2135","Aileen Shafer, Collector, Material regarding African-Americans","African Americans ","African Americans  -- History -- Miscellanea","Minstrel music","Slaves and slavery.","No special access restriction applies.","The Anti-Slavery Record , a monthly publication, promoted the complete and immediate abolition of slavery.  It was published for the American Anti-Slavery Society by R.G. Williams.  The newspaper was published for three years, 1835-1837, volume 1, issue 1 January 1835 through volume 3, issue 12, December 1837.  Aileen Shafer's collection includes volume 1, issue 1 through issue 10, 1835.  ","Issues of  The Anti-Slavery Record  feature excerpts from newspapers and speeches; reports on the slave trade and slave auctions; contributions by abolitionists such as Timothy Weld, John Rankin, and Elizur Wright; excerpts from Seabrook's proslavery  Essay on the Management of Slavery ; and eyewitness accounts of the torture and murder of slaves. Of particular note are the wood-cut engravings found throughout the issues.  ","Excerpted from a sales ad for issues of  The Anti-Slavery Record  by Bauman Rare Books.  Accessed December 2, 2020.","Note: Electronic versions of all issues of  The Anti-Slavery Record are available online from a number of sources including Google Books, the Hathi Trust, and the WVU Libraries' database HeinOnline.","Nineteenth century records regarding African-Americans, including deed of emancipation (1829), two brief autograph letters by abolitionists Charles Sumner and Wendell Phillips (1850, 1882), eight copies of \"The Anti-Slavery Record\", a significant abolitionist publication (1835), and twenty popular song broadsides featuring minstrel song themes (ca. 1830s-1860s).","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Shafer, Aileen","English \n.    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For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans ","African Americans  -- History -- Miscellanea","Minstrel music","Slaves and slavery."],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans ","African Americans  -- History -- Miscellanea","Minstrel music","Slaves and slavery."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.21 Linear Feet 2.5 in. (1 document case)"],"extent_tesim":["0.21 Linear Feet 2.5 in. 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Aileen Shafer's collection includes volume 1, issue 1 through issue 10, 1835.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIssues of \u003ctitle\u003eThe Anti-Slavery Record\u003c/title\u003e feature excerpts from newspapers and speeches; reports on the slave trade and slave auctions; contributions by abolitionists such as Timothy Weld, John Rankin, and Elizur Wright; excerpts from Seabrook's proslavery \u003ctitle\u003eEssay on the Management of Slavery\u003c/title\u003e; and eyewitness accounts of the torture and murder of slaves. Of particular note are the wood-cut engravings found throughout the issues.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eExcerpted from a sales ad for issues of \u003ctitle\u003eThe Anti-Slavery Record\u003c/title\u003e by Bauman Rare Books.  Accessed December 2, 2020.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNote: Electronic versions of all issues of \u003ctitleitle\u003eThe Anti-Slavery Record\u003c/titleitle\u003eare available online from a number of sources including Google Books, the Hathi Trust, and the WVU Libraries' database HeinOnline.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Anti-Slavery Record , a monthly publication, promoted the complete and immediate abolition of slavery.  It was published for the American Anti-Slavery Society by R.G. Williams.  The newspaper was published for three years, 1835-1837, volume 1, issue 1 January 1835 through volume 3, issue 12, December 1837.  Aileen Shafer's collection includes volume 1, issue 1 through issue 10, 1835.  ","Issues of  The Anti-Slavery Record  feature excerpts from newspapers and speeches; reports on the slave trade and slave auctions; contributions by abolitionists such as Timothy Weld, John Rankin, and Elizur Wright; excerpts from Seabrook's proslavery  Essay on the Management of Slavery ; and eyewitness accounts of the torture and murder of slaves. Of particular note are the wood-cut engravings found throughout the issues.  ","Excerpted from a sales ad for issues of  The Anti-Slavery Record  by Bauman Rare Books.  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For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_ec1635d32b3b2bd05c251b2fb3a718d7\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. 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It was published for the American Anti-Slavery Society by R.G. Williams.  The newspaper was published for three years, 1835-1837, volume 1, issue 1 January 1835 through volume 3, issue 12, December 1837.  Aileen Shafer's collection includes volume 1, issue 1 through issue 10, 1835.  ","Issues of  The Anti-Slavery Record  feature excerpts from newspapers and speeches; reports on the slave trade and slave auctions; contributions by abolitionists such as Timothy Weld, John Rankin, and Elizur Wright; excerpts from Seabrook's proslavery  Essay on the Management of Slavery ; and eyewitness accounts of the torture and murder of slaves. Of particular note are the wood-cut engravings found throughout the issues.  ","Excerpted from a sales ad for issues of  The Anti-Slavery Record  by Bauman Rare Books.  Accessed December 2, 2020.","Note: Electronic versions of all issues of  The Anti-Slavery Record are available online from a number of sources including Google Books, the Hathi Trust, and the WVU Libraries' database HeinOnline.","Nineteenth century records regarding African-Americans, including deed of emancipation (1829), two brief autograph letters by abolitionists Charles Sumner and Wendell Phillips (1850, 1882), eight copies of \"The Anti-Slavery Record\", a significant abolitionist publication (1835), and twenty popular song broadsides featuring minstrel song themes (ca. 1830s-1860s).","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the  Permissions and Copyright page  on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Shafer, Aileen","English \n.    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Morrison about Prince Edward County, along with letters, newspaper clippings, and various documents about local history. Dates of materials range from 1754-1975.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihdsc_repositories_2_resources_4#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihdsc_repositories_2_resources_4","ead_ssi":"vihdsc_repositories_2_resources_4","_root_":"vihdsc_repositories_2_resources_4","_nest_parent_":"vihdsc_repositories_2_resources_4","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/HSC/repositories_2_resources_4.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://archivespace.hsc.edu:8081/ark:/45832/42","title_ssm":["A.J. Morrison Collection"],"title_tesim":["A.J. Morrison Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1754/1975"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1754/1975"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC.000102"],"text":["SC.000102","A.J. Morrison Collection","Prince Edward County (Va.)","Hampden-Sydney College","United States--History","Military history","Collection is open for research; access requires at least 48 hours advance notice. Because of the nature of certain archival formats, including digital and audio-visual materials, access will require additional advanced notice. Copies of digital files will be provided for use upon request.","The manuscript was originally divided into paper-clipped sections. Paper clips were removed and each section has been placed in a separate folder in accordance with the original order.","A.J. Morrison (d. 1923) was the grandson of Hampden-Sydney President J. M. P. Atkinson, and a 1895 graduate of the College. After receiving his Pd.D. at Johns Hopkins, he returned to Hampden-Sydney, where he engaged in copious historical research related to Prince Edward County and Hampden-Sydney College.","Processed by: Maryska Connelly-Brown, 2018. Machine-readable finding aid created from previous inventories by: Sarah Almond, 2020 April.","Paul L. Grier Vertical Files (CA 000101)","The collection contains an unfinished manuscript by A.J. Morrison about Prince Edward County, along with letters, newspaper clippings, and various documents about local history. Dates of materials range from 1754-1975.","Morrison Memoranda. Projected title page, dedication, and table of contents with chapter titles; I - The Land and Transportation, II - Political and Municipal, III - Some Personal History, IV - Church and State and School, V -  Prince Edward County Records, VI - Early Wars and Revolutions, and VII - Some Further Reminders. The next few pages are the table of contents for each chapters subsections. Finally, there is a handwritten preface (3 pages long).","Subsection of chapter 1, Inventory, pages 7-12 of manuscript. These pages are made up of a newspaper article cut out and glued to notebook paper with handwritten annotations and edits throughout.","Subsections of chapter 1; 2. Soil Survey: pp 13-19, 3. Woodson grapes and Morton Minerals: pp 20, and 4. Prince Edward Court House Plans for Transportation, 1822: pp 21-22. These pages are made up of a newspaper article cut out and glued to notebook paper with handwritten annotations and edits throughout.","The folder contains subsections of chapter 1; 5. Old Times in Charlotte and Prince Edward: p 23, 6. Prince Edward and Charlotte Farms in 1836: pp 24-28, 7. Railroad Convention at Farmville, May 7, 1846: pp 29-30, and 8. From Fomvil [sic] to Washington by way of Richmond: pp 31-33. These pages are made up of handwritten notes.","Contains subsections of chapter 1; 9. Remarks on Farming in Prince Edward and that Neighborhood just before the Civil War: pp 34-35, 10. A Letter from Mr. H.G. Richardson, Feb. 2, 1852: pp 36-37, 11. Farming at High Hill, A letter from Dr. Morton, July 3, 1852: p 38, and 12. History of the O. and K. and Nineteenth century Prince Edward Transportation ideas: pp 39-43. The folder then starts chaper 2 - Political and Municipal title on p 44 with the first subsection of the chapter, 1. 1754-1776: pp 45-51. These pages are made up of a newspaper article cut out and glued to notebook paper with handwritten annotations and edits throughout.","Contains subsection of chapter 2, 2. 1776-1810: pp 52-69 (this section contains information about the founding of Hampden-Sydney College). These pages are made up of handwritten notes.","Contains the subsections of chapter 2, 3. 1810-1836: pp 70-73, and 4. 1836-1854: pp 74-76. These pages are made up of a newspaper article cut out and glued to notebook paper with handwritten annotations and edits throughout.","Contains subsection of chapter 2; 5. 1854-1876: pp 77-123. These pages are made up of handwritten notes.","Contains the second part of the subsection of chapter 2; 5. 1854-1876: pp 124-129 (Civil War). These pages are made up of a newspaper article cut out and glued to notebook paper with handwritten annotations and edits throughout.","Contains the final part of the subsection of chapter 2; 5. 1854-1876 (After the war), pp 130-136. The folder then goes to chapter 3 - Some Personal History title on p 137 with subsections; 1. Latrobe on the Appomattox, pp 138-139, 2. Patrick Henry and John Randolph in Prince Edward, p 140, 3. May 18th 1825, p 141, 4. Charlotte Court First Monday in April 1827, pp 142-143, and 5. Edward in 1830, pp 144-145. These pages contain a mixture of handwritten notes and newspaper articles with Chapter 2 being handwritten and then the subsections of chapter 3 all being edited newspaper articles.","Contains subsection of chapter 3, 6. Dr. Mettauer, 1809-1875: pp 146-151. These pages are made up of a newspaper article cut out and glued to notebook paper with handwritten annotations and edits throughout.","Contains subsection of chapter 4 - Church and State and School; 1. Notes from St. Patrick's Parish Vestry Book, 1755-1774: pp 153-172. These pages are made up of handwritten notes.","Contains subsections of chapter 4; 2. Miscellany Notes on Churches: pp 173-185, 3. Some Pastors of the Farmville Presbyterian Church: p 186, 4. Daniel Witt, of Sandy River Church: p 187, and 5. A Few Schools and The Prince Edward Library Company: pp 188-197. These pages contain a mixture of handwritten notes and edited newspaper articles.","Contains the subsection of chapter 4, 6. The Old Time Free School: pp 198-202. These pages contain a mixture of handwritten notes and edited newspaper articles.","Contains subsection of chapter 4, 7. Dr. Ruffner's Eleven Points: pp 203-214.These pages are made up of handwritten notes.","Contains subsections of chapter 5 - Prince Edward County Records, title p 215; 1. Prince Edward County Records: pp 216-218, 2. Names of the People: p 219, 3. Museum of Hampden Sidney: pp 220-221, 4. We will say something of a few important gifts to this museum...: pp 222-223, 5. A recent accession to this Museum will be of interest...: pp 224-225, and 6. Henry Jacob and His Map, pp 226-228.  These pages are made up of a newspaper article cut out and glued to notebook paper with handwritten annotations and edits throughout.","Contains subsection of chapter 6 - Early Wars and Revolutions, title p 229, 1. Volunteers for the French War: p 230. These pages are made up of a newspaper article cut out and glued to notebook paper with handwritten annotations and edits throughout.","Contains subsections of chapter 6; 2. The Revolution, first and last: p 231, 3. Buffalo District in 1776: pp 232-234, 4. Pay Roll of Captain John Morton's Company of Regulars, Fourth Virginia, 1776: pp 235-239, 5. Militi Officers, Prince Edward County, 1777-1781: pp 240-241, 6. General Lawson and Dr. Holcombe: p 242, and 5. Moravian Travels in Prince Edward in 1780: p 243. These pages are made up of a newspaper article cut out and glued to notebook paper with handwritten annotations and edits throughout.","Contains subsections of chapter 6; 8. Colonel Tarleton's Visitations: pp 244-246, 9. Adventures in the West: pp 247-248, 10. General Washington at Prince Edward Court House, June 7th, 1791: pp 249-252, 11. The Virginia Yazoo Company of Prince Edward: pages 253-254, 12. Caldwell and Owen of Prince Edward and Kentucky: p 255, and 13. John Coffee of Prince Edward County and the Southwest: p 256. These pages are made up of a newspaper article cut out and glued to notebook paper with handwritten annotations and edits throughout.","Contains subsection of chapter 6; 14. Prince Edward and the War of 1812, A Few Memoranda: pp 257-267. These pages are a mixture of handwritten notes and edited newspaper articles.","Contains subsection of chapter 7 - Some Further Reminders; 1. Prince Edward Court, 1754, Old Style, and After: pp 268-273. These pages consist of handwritten notes.","Contains subsection of chapter 7; 2. St. Patricks' and Politics: pp 274-276. These pages consist of handwritten notes.","Contains subsection of chapter 7; 3. Resolutions of Prince Edward County Committee on Safety, 1775: pp 277-284. These pages consist of handwritten notes.","Contains subsections of chapter 7; 4. General Robert Lawson: 285-298 and 5. Patrick Henry of Prince Edward: p 299. These pages consist of handwritten notes.","Contains subsectionw of chapter 7; 6. Abner and Francis Nash, George Walton and Governor Towns: pp 300-303, 7. John Baytop Scott: p 304, and 8. Thomas Allen and Andrew Johnston: p 305. These pages consist of a mixture of handwritten notes and edited newspaper articles.","Contains subsectiosn of chapter 7; 8. Prince Edward Tobacco Markets around 1786: pp 306-309 and 9. Germantown: p 310. These pages consist of handwritten notes.","Contains subsection of chapter 7; 10. Business of Kingsville: pp 311-316. These pages consist of handwritten notes.","Contains subsections of chapter 7; 11. Nathaniel E. Venable and Prince Edward Business: pp 317-325. These pages consist of handwritten notes.","Contains subsection of chapter 7; 12. Dr. \"Jim\" Dillon and some other Prince Edward Doctors: pp 326-332. These pages consist of handwritten notes.","Contains subsection of chapter 7; 13. Wonder Booker and Uncle Jack [Historical Collections of Virginia]: pp 333-334. These pages consist of handwritten notes.","Contains subsections of chapter 7; 14. William Branch: p 336, 15. Needham Law School: p 337, 16. Samuel Clough Anderson: 338, 17. From the Court House to the New Court House: p 339, and 18. Prince Edward County Political Register, 1775-1865: p 340-342. These pages consist of edited and annotated newspaper articles.","The nature of the Hampden-Sydney College Archives and Special Collections means that copyright or other information about restrictions may be difficult or even impossible to determine depsite reasonable efforts. As a result, Hampden-Sydney College claims only physical ownership of most Special Collections materials.   \nThe materials from our collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law. The user must assume full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials. Any materials used for academic research or otherwise should be fully credited with the source. This collection may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations. Researchers are advised that the disclosure of certain information pertaining to identifiable living individuals represented in this collection without the consent of those individuals may have legal ramifications (e.g. cause of action under common law for invasion of privacy may arise if facts concerning and individual's private life are published that would be deemed highly offensive to a reasonable person) for which the College assumes no responsibility.","Hampden-Sydney College Archives \u0026 Special Collections","Hampden-Sydney College","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["SC.000102"],"normalized_title_ssm":["A.J. Morrison Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["A.J. Morrison Collection"],"collection_ssim":["A.J. Morrison Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Hampden-Sydney College"],"repository_ssim":["Hampden-Sydney College"],"geogname_ssm":["Prince Edward County (Va.)","Hampden-Sydney College"],"geogname_ssim":["Prince Edward County (Va.)","Hampden-Sydney College"],"places_ssim":["Prince Edward County (Va.)","Hampden-Sydney College"],"access_terms_ssm":["The nature of the Hampden-Sydney College Archives and Special Collections means that copyright or other information about restrictions may be difficult or even impossible to determine depsite reasonable efforts. As a result, Hampden-Sydney College claims only physical ownership of most Special Collections materials.   \nThe materials from our collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law. The user must assume full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials. Any materials used for academic research or otherwise should be fully credited with the source. This collection may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations. Researchers are advised that the disclosure of certain information pertaining to identifiable living individuals represented in this collection without the consent of those individuals may have legal ramifications (e.g. cause of action under common law for invasion of privacy may arise if facts concerning and individual's private life are published that would be deemed highly offensive to a reasonable person) for which the College assumes no responsibility."],"access_subjects_ssim":["United States--History","Military history"],"access_subjects_ssm":["United States--History","Military history"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.5 Cubic Feet 1 Box"],"extent_tesim":["0.5 Cubic Feet 1 Box"],"genreform_ssim":["Military history"],"date_range_isim":[1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research; access requires at least 48 hours advance notice. Because of the nature of certain archival formats, including digital and audio-visual materials, access will require additional advanced notice. Copies of digital files will be provided for use upon request.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access to materials: "],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research; access requires at least 48 hours advance notice. Because of the nature of certain archival formats, including digital and audio-visual materials, access will require additional advanced notice. Copies of digital files will be provided for use upon request."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe manuscript was originally divided into paper-clipped sections. Paper clips were removed and each section has been placed in a separate folder in accordance with the original order.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement:"],"arrangement_tesim":["The manuscript was originally divided into paper-clipped sections. Paper clips were removed and each section has been placed in a separate folder in accordance with the original order."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA.J. Morrison (d. 1923) was the grandson of Hampden-Sydney President J. M. P. Atkinson, and a 1895 graduate of the College. After receiving his Pd.D. at Johns Hopkins, he returned to Hampden-Sydney, where he engaged in copious historical research related to Prince Edward County and Hampden-Sydney College.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/historical note:"],"bioghist_tesim":["A.J. Morrison (d. 1923) was the grandson of Hampden-Sydney President J. M. P. Atkinson, and a 1895 graduate of the College. After receiving his Pd.D. at Johns Hopkins, he returned to Hampden-Sydney, where he engaged in copious historical research related to Prince Edward County and Hampden-Sydney College."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], A.J. Morrison Collection, CA 000102, Hampden-Sydney College Archives and Special Collections, Hampden-Sydney, VA\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], A.J. Morrison Collection, CA 000102, Hampden-Sydney College Archives and Special Collections, Hampden-Sydney, VA"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by: Maryska Connelly-Brown, 2018. Machine-readable finding aid created from previous inventories by: Sarah Almond, 2020 April.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing information:"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by: Maryska Connelly-Brown, 2018. Machine-readable finding aid created from previous inventories by: Sarah Almond, 2020 April."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePaul L. Grier Vertical Files (CA 000101)\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related materials:"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Paul L. Grier Vertical Files (CA 000101)"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains an unfinished manuscript by A.J. Morrison about Prince Edward County, along with letters, newspaper clippings, and various documents about local history. Dates of materials range from 1754-1975.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMorrison Memoranda. Projected title page, dedication, and table of contents with chapter titles; I - The Land and Transportation, II - Political and Municipal, III - Some Personal History, IV - Church and State and School, V -  Prince Edward County Records, VI - Early Wars and Revolutions, and VII - Some Further Reminders. The next few pages are the table of contents for each chapters subsections. Finally, there is a handwritten preface (3 pages long).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubsection of chapter 1, Inventory, pages 7-12 of manuscript. These pages are made up of a newspaper article cut out and glued to notebook paper with handwritten annotations and edits throughout.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubsections of chapter 1; 2. Soil Survey: pp 13-19, 3. Woodson grapes and Morton Minerals: pp 20, and 4. Prince Edward Court House Plans for Transportation, 1822: pp 21-22. These pages are made up of a newspaper article cut out and glued to notebook paper with handwritten annotations and edits throughout.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe folder contains subsections of chapter 1; 5. Old Times in Charlotte and Prince Edward: p 23, 6. Prince Edward and Charlotte Farms in 1836: pp 24-28, 7. Railroad Convention at Farmville, May 7, 1846: pp 29-30, and 8. From Fomvil [sic] to Washington by way of Richmond: pp 31-33. These pages are made up of handwritten notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains subsections of chapter 1; 9. Remarks on Farming in Prince Edward and that Neighborhood just before the Civil War: pp 34-35, 10. A Letter from Mr. H.G. Richardson, Feb. 2, 1852: pp 36-37, 11. Farming at High Hill, A letter from Dr. Morton, July 3, 1852: p 38, and 12. History of the O. and K. and Nineteenth century Prince Edward Transportation ideas: pp 39-43. The folder then starts chaper 2 - Political and Municipal title on p 44 with the first subsection of the chapter, 1. 1754-1776: pp 45-51. These pages are made up of a newspaper article cut out and glued to notebook paper with handwritten annotations and edits throughout.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains subsection of chapter 2, 2. 1776-1810: pp 52-69 (this section contains information about the founding of Hampden-Sydney College). These pages are made up of handwritten notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains the subsections of chapter 2, 3. 1810-1836: pp 70-73, and 4. 1836-1854: pp 74-76. These pages are made up of a newspaper article cut out and glued to notebook paper with handwritten annotations and edits throughout.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains subsection of chapter 2; 5. 1854-1876: pp 77-123. These pages are made up of handwritten notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains the second part of the subsection of chapter 2; 5. 1854-1876: pp 124-129 (Civil War). These pages are made up of a newspaper article cut out and glued to notebook paper with handwritten annotations and edits throughout.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains the final part of the subsection of chapter 2; 5. 1854-1876 (After the war), pp 130-136. The folder then goes to chapter 3 - Some Personal History title on p 137 with subsections; 1. Latrobe on the Appomattox, pp 138-139, 2. Patrick Henry and John Randolph in Prince Edward, p 140, 3. May 18th 1825, p 141, 4. Charlotte Court First Monday in April 1827, pp 142-143, and 5. Edward in 1830, pp 144-145. These pages contain a mixture of handwritten notes and newspaper articles with Chapter 2 being handwritten and then the subsections of chapter 3 all being edited newspaper articles.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains subsection of chapter 3, 6. Dr. Mettauer, 1809-1875: pp 146-151. These pages are made up of a newspaper article cut out and glued to notebook paper with handwritten annotations and edits throughout.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains subsection of chapter 4 - Church and State and School; 1. Notes from St. Patrick's Parish Vestry Book, 1755-1774: pp 153-172. These pages are made up of handwritten notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains subsections of chapter 4; 2. Miscellany Notes on Churches: pp 173-185, 3. Some Pastors of the Farmville Presbyterian Church: p 186, 4. Daniel Witt, of Sandy River Church: p 187, and 5. A Few Schools and The Prince Edward Library Company: pp 188-197. These pages contain a mixture of handwritten notes and edited newspaper articles.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains the subsection of chapter 4, 6. The Old Time Free School: pp 198-202. These pages contain a mixture of handwritten notes and edited newspaper articles.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains subsection of chapter 4, 7. Dr. Ruffner's Eleven Points: pp 203-214.These pages are made up of handwritten notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains subsections of chapter 5 - Prince Edward County Records, title p 215; 1. Prince Edward County Records: pp 216-218, 2. Names of the People: p 219, 3. Museum of Hampden Sidney: pp 220-221, 4. We will say something of a few important gifts to this museum...: pp 222-223, 5. A recent accession to this Museum will be of interest...: pp 224-225, and 6. Henry Jacob and His Map, pp 226-228.  These pages are made up of a newspaper article cut out and glued to notebook paper with handwritten annotations and edits throughout.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains subsection of chapter 6 - Early Wars and Revolutions, title p 229, 1. Volunteers for the French War: p 230. These pages are made up of a newspaper article cut out and glued to notebook paper with handwritten annotations and edits throughout.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains subsections of chapter 6; 2. The Revolution, first and last: p 231, 3. Buffalo District in 1776: pp 232-234, 4. Pay Roll of Captain John Morton's Company of Regulars, Fourth Virginia, 1776: pp 235-239, 5. Militi Officers, Prince Edward County, 1777-1781: pp 240-241, 6. General Lawson and Dr. Holcombe: p 242, and 5. Moravian Travels in Prince Edward in 1780: p 243. These pages are made up of a newspaper article cut out and glued to notebook paper with handwritten annotations and edits throughout.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains subsections of chapter 6; 8. Colonel Tarleton's Visitations: pp 244-246, 9. Adventures in the West: pp 247-248, 10. General Washington at Prince Edward Court House, June 7th, 1791: pp 249-252, 11. The Virginia Yazoo Company of Prince Edward: pages 253-254, 12. Caldwell and Owen of Prince Edward and Kentucky: p 255, and 13. John Coffee of Prince Edward County and the Southwest: p 256. These pages are made up of a newspaper article cut out and glued to notebook paper with handwritten annotations and edits throughout.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains subsection of chapter 6; 14. Prince Edward and the War of 1812, A Few Memoranda: pp 257-267. These pages are a mixture of handwritten notes and edited newspaper articles.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains subsection of chapter 7 - Some Further Reminders; 1. Prince Edward Court, 1754, Old Style, and After: pp 268-273. These pages consist of handwritten notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains subsection of chapter 7; 2. St. Patricks' and Politics: pp 274-276. These pages consist of handwritten notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains subsection of chapter 7; 3. Resolutions of Prince Edward County Committee on Safety, 1775: pp 277-284. These pages consist of handwritten notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains subsections of chapter 7; 4. General Robert Lawson: 285-298 and 5. Patrick Henry of Prince Edward: p 299. These pages consist of handwritten notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains subsectionw of chapter 7; 6. Abner and Francis Nash, George Walton and Governor Towns: pp 300-303, 7. John Baytop Scott: p 304, and 8. Thomas Allen and Andrew Johnston: p 305. These pages consist of a mixture of handwritten notes and edited newspaper articles.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains subsectiosn of chapter 7; 8. Prince Edward Tobacco Markets around 1786: pp 306-309 and 9. Germantown: p 310. These pages consist of handwritten notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains subsection of chapter 7; 10. Business of Kingsville: pp 311-316. These pages consist of handwritten notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains subsections of chapter 7; 11. Nathaniel E. Venable and Prince Edward Business: pp 317-325. These pages consist of handwritten notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains subsection of chapter 7; 12. Dr. \"Jim\" Dillon and some other Prince Edward Doctors: pp 326-332. These pages consist of handwritten notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains subsection of chapter 7; 13. Wonder Booker and Uncle Jack [Historical Collections of Virginia]: pp 333-334. These pages consist of handwritten notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains subsections of chapter 7; 14. William Branch: p 336, 15. Needham Law School: p 337, 16. Samuel Clough Anderson: 338, 17. From the Court House to the New Court House: p 339, and 18. Prince Edward County Political Register, 1775-1865: p 340-342. These pages consist of edited and annotated newspaper articles.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope/content:","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains an unfinished manuscript by A.J. Morrison about Prince Edward County, along with letters, newspaper clippings, and various documents about local history. Dates of materials range from 1754-1975.","Morrison Memoranda. Projected title page, dedication, and table of contents with chapter titles; I - The Land and Transportation, II - Political and Municipal, III - Some Personal History, IV - Church and State and School, V -  Prince Edward County Records, VI - Early Wars and Revolutions, and VII - Some Further Reminders. The next few pages are the table of contents for each chapters subsections. Finally, there is a handwritten preface (3 pages long).","Subsection of chapter 1, Inventory, pages 7-12 of manuscript. These pages are made up of a newspaper article cut out and glued to notebook paper with handwritten annotations and edits throughout.","Subsections of chapter 1; 2. Soil Survey: pp 13-19, 3. Woodson grapes and Morton Minerals: pp 20, and 4. Prince Edward Court House Plans for Transportation, 1822: pp 21-22. These pages are made up of a newspaper article cut out and glued to notebook paper with handwritten annotations and edits throughout.","The folder contains subsections of chapter 1; 5. Old Times in Charlotte and Prince Edward: p 23, 6. Prince Edward and Charlotte Farms in 1836: pp 24-28, 7. Railroad Convention at Farmville, May 7, 1846: pp 29-30, and 8. From Fomvil [sic] to Washington by way of Richmond: pp 31-33. These pages are made up of handwritten notes.","Contains subsections of chapter 1; 9. Remarks on Farming in Prince Edward and that Neighborhood just before the Civil War: pp 34-35, 10. A Letter from Mr. H.G. Richardson, Feb. 2, 1852: pp 36-37, 11. Farming at High Hill, A letter from Dr. Morton, July 3, 1852: p 38, and 12. History of the O. and K. and Nineteenth century Prince Edward Transportation ideas: pp 39-43. The folder then starts chaper 2 - Political and Municipal title on p 44 with the first subsection of the chapter, 1. 1754-1776: pp 45-51. These pages are made up of a newspaper article cut out and glued to notebook paper with handwritten annotations and edits throughout.","Contains subsection of chapter 2, 2. 1776-1810: pp 52-69 (this section contains information about the founding of Hampden-Sydney College). These pages are made up of handwritten notes.","Contains the subsections of chapter 2, 3. 1810-1836: pp 70-73, and 4. 1836-1854: pp 74-76. These pages are made up of a newspaper article cut out and glued to notebook paper with handwritten annotations and edits throughout.","Contains subsection of chapter 2; 5. 1854-1876: pp 77-123. These pages are made up of handwritten notes.","Contains the second part of the subsection of chapter 2; 5. 1854-1876: pp 124-129 (Civil War). These pages are made up of a newspaper article cut out and glued to notebook paper with handwritten annotations and edits throughout.","Contains the final part of the subsection of chapter 2; 5. 1854-1876 (After the war), pp 130-136. The folder then goes to chapter 3 - Some Personal History title on p 137 with subsections; 1. Latrobe on the Appomattox, pp 138-139, 2. Patrick Henry and John Randolph in Prince Edward, p 140, 3. May 18th 1825, p 141, 4. Charlotte Court First Monday in April 1827, pp 142-143, and 5. Edward in 1830, pp 144-145. These pages contain a mixture of handwritten notes and newspaper articles with Chapter 2 being handwritten and then the subsections of chapter 3 all being edited newspaper articles.","Contains subsection of chapter 3, 6. Dr. Mettauer, 1809-1875: pp 146-151. These pages are made up of a newspaper article cut out and glued to notebook paper with handwritten annotations and edits throughout.","Contains subsection of chapter 4 - Church and State and School; 1. Notes from St. Patrick's Parish Vestry Book, 1755-1774: pp 153-172. These pages are made up of handwritten notes.","Contains subsections of chapter 4; 2. Miscellany Notes on Churches: pp 173-185, 3. Some Pastors of the Farmville Presbyterian Church: p 186, 4. Daniel Witt, of Sandy River Church: p 187, and 5. A Few Schools and The Prince Edward Library Company: pp 188-197. These pages contain a mixture of handwritten notes and edited newspaper articles.","Contains the subsection of chapter 4, 6. The Old Time Free School: pp 198-202. These pages contain a mixture of handwritten notes and edited newspaper articles.","Contains subsection of chapter 4, 7. Dr. Ruffner's Eleven Points: pp 203-214.These pages are made up of handwritten notes.","Contains subsections of chapter 5 - Prince Edward County Records, title p 215; 1. Prince Edward County Records: pp 216-218, 2. Names of the People: p 219, 3. Museum of Hampden Sidney: pp 220-221, 4. We will say something of a few important gifts to this museum...: pp 222-223, 5. A recent accession to this Museum will be of interest...: pp 224-225, and 6. Henry Jacob and His Map, pp 226-228.  These pages are made up of a newspaper article cut out and glued to notebook paper with handwritten annotations and edits throughout.","Contains subsection of chapter 6 - Early Wars and Revolutions, title p 229, 1. Volunteers for the French War: p 230. These pages are made up of a newspaper article cut out and glued to notebook paper with handwritten annotations and edits throughout.","Contains subsections of chapter 6; 2. The Revolution, first and last: p 231, 3. Buffalo District in 1776: pp 232-234, 4. Pay Roll of Captain John Morton's Company of Regulars, Fourth Virginia, 1776: pp 235-239, 5. Militi Officers, Prince Edward County, 1777-1781: pp 240-241, 6. General Lawson and Dr. Holcombe: p 242, and 5. Moravian Travels in Prince Edward in 1780: p 243. These pages are made up of a newspaper article cut out and glued to notebook paper with handwritten annotations and edits throughout.","Contains subsections of chapter 6; 8. Colonel Tarleton's Visitations: pp 244-246, 9. Adventures in the West: pp 247-248, 10. General Washington at Prince Edward Court House, June 7th, 1791: pp 249-252, 11. The Virginia Yazoo Company of Prince Edward: pages 253-254, 12. Caldwell and Owen of Prince Edward and Kentucky: p 255, and 13. John Coffee of Prince Edward County and the Southwest: p 256. These pages are made up of a newspaper article cut out and glued to notebook paper with handwritten annotations and edits throughout.","Contains subsection of chapter 6; 14. Prince Edward and the War of 1812, A Few Memoranda: pp 257-267. These pages are a mixture of handwritten notes and edited newspaper articles.","Contains subsection of chapter 7 - Some Further Reminders; 1. Prince Edward Court, 1754, Old Style, and After: pp 268-273. These pages consist of handwritten notes.","Contains subsection of chapter 7; 2. St. Patricks' and Politics: pp 274-276. These pages consist of handwritten notes.","Contains subsection of chapter 7; 3. Resolutions of Prince Edward County Committee on Safety, 1775: pp 277-284. These pages consist of handwritten notes.","Contains subsections of chapter 7; 4. General Robert Lawson: 285-298 and 5. Patrick Henry of Prince Edward: p 299. These pages consist of handwritten notes.","Contains subsectionw of chapter 7; 6. Abner and Francis Nash, George Walton and Governor Towns: pp 300-303, 7. John Baytop Scott: p 304, and 8. Thomas Allen and Andrew Johnston: p 305. These pages consist of a mixture of handwritten notes and edited newspaper articles.","Contains subsectiosn of chapter 7; 8. Prince Edward Tobacco Markets around 1786: pp 306-309 and 9. Germantown: p 310. These pages consist of handwritten notes.","Contains subsection of chapter 7; 10. Business of Kingsville: pp 311-316. These pages consist of handwritten notes.","Contains subsections of chapter 7; 11. Nathaniel E. Venable and Prince Edward Business: pp 317-325. These pages consist of handwritten notes.","Contains subsection of chapter 7; 12. Dr. \"Jim\" Dillon and some other Prince Edward Doctors: pp 326-332. These pages consist of handwritten notes.","Contains subsection of chapter 7; 13. Wonder Booker and Uncle Jack [Historical Collections of Virginia]: pp 333-334. These pages consist of handwritten notes.","Contains subsections of chapter 7; 14. William Branch: p 336, 15. Needham Law School: p 337, 16. Samuel Clough Anderson: 338, 17. From the Court House to the New Court House: p 339, and 18. Prince Edward County Political Register, 1775-1865: p 340-342. These pages consist of edited and annotated newspaper articles."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe nature of the Hampden-Sydney College Archives and Special Collections means that copyright or other information about restrictions may be difficult or even impossible to determine depsite reasonable efforts. As a result, Hampden-Sydney College claims only physical ownership of most Special Collections materials.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e  \nThe materials from our collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law. The user must assume full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials. Any materials used for academic research or otherwise should be fully credited with the source.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis collection may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations. Researchers are advised that the disclosure of certain information pertaining to identifiable living individuals represented in this collection without the consent of those individuals may have legal ramifications (e.g. cause of action under common law for invasion of privacy may arise if facts concerning and individual's private life are published that would be deemed highly offensive to a reasonable person) for which the College assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use of these materials: "],"userestrict_tesim":["The nature of the Hampden-Sydney College Archives and Special Collections means that copyright or other information about restrictions may be difficult or even impossible to determine depsite reasonable efforts. As a result, Hampden-Sydney College claims only physical ownership of most Special Collections materials.   \nThe materials from our collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law. The user must assume full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials. Any materials used for academic research or otherwise should be fully credited with the source. This collection may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations. Researchers are advised that the disclosure of certain information pertaining to identifiable living individuals represented in this collection without the consent of those individuals may have legal ramifications (e.g. cause of action under common law for invasion of privacy may arise if facts concerning and individual's private life are published that would be deemed highly offensive to a reasonable person) for which the College assumes no responsibility."],"names_coll_ssim":["Hampden-Sydney College"],"names_ssim":["Hampden-Sydney College Archives \u0026 Special Collections","Hampden-Sydney College"],"corpname_ssim":["Hampden-Sydney College Archives \u0026 Special Collections","Hampden-Sydney College"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":31,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T04:18:42.219Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihdsc_repositories_2_resources_4","ead_ssi":"vihdsc_repositories_2_resources_4","_root_":"vihdsc_repositories_2_resources_4","_nest_parent_":"vihdsc_repositories_2_resources_4","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/HSC/repositories_2_resources_4.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://archivespace.hsc.edu:8081/ark:/45832/42","title_ssm":["A.J. Morrison Collection"],"title_tesim":["A.J. Morrison Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1754/1975"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1754/1975"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC.000102"],"text":["SC.000102","A.J. Morrison Collection","Prince Edward County (Va.)","Hampden-Sydney College","United States--History","Military history","Collection is open for research; access requires at least 48 hours advance notice. Because of the nature of certain archival formats, including digital and audio-visual materials, access will require additional advanced notice. Copies of digital files will be provided for use upon request.","The manuscript was originally divided into paper-clipped sections. Paper clips were removed and each section has been placed in a separate folder in accordance with the original order.","A.J. Morrison (d. 1923) was the grandson of Hampden-Sydney President J. M. P. Atkinson, and a 1895 graduate of the College. After receiving his Pd.D. at Johns Hopkins, he returned to Hampden-Sydney, where he engaged in copious historical research related to Prince Edward County and Hampden-Sydney College.","Processed by: Maryska Connelly-Brown, 2018. Machine-readable finding aid created from previous inventories by: Sarah Almond, 2020 April.","Paul L. Grier Vertical Files (CA 000101)","The collection contains an unfinished manuscript by A.J. Morrison about Prince Edward County, along with letters, newspaper clippings, and various documents about local history. Dates of materials range from 1754-1975.","Morrison Memoranda. Projected title page, dedication, and table of contents with chapter titles; I - The Land and Transportation, II - Political and Municipal, III - Some Personal History, IV - Church and State and School, V -  Prince Edward County Records, VI - Early Wars and Revolutions, and VII - Some Further Reminders. The next few pages are the table of contents for each chapters subsections. Finally, there is a handwritten preface (3 pages long).","Subsection of chapter 1, Inventory, pages 7-12 of manuscript. These pages are made up of a newspaper article cut out and glued to notebook paper with handwritten annotations and edits throughout.","Subsections of chapter 1; 2. Soil Survey: pp 13-19, 3. Woodson grapes and Morton Minerals: pp 20, and 4. Prince Edward Court House Plans for Transportation, 1822: pp 21-22. These pages are made up of a newspaper article cut out and glued to notebook paper with handwritten annotations and edits throughout.","The folder contains subsections of chapter 1; 5. Old Times in Charlotte and Prince Edward: p 23, 6. Prince Edward and Charlotte Farms in 1836: pp 24-28, 7. Railroad Convention at Farmville, May 7, 1846: pp 29-30, and 8. From Fomvil [sic] to Washington by way of Richmond: pp 31-33. These pages are made up of handwritten notes.","Contains subsections of chapter 1; 9. Remarks on Farming in Prince Edward and that Neighborhood just before the Civil War: pp 34-35, 10. A Letter from Mr. H.G. Richardson, Feb. 2, 1852: pp 36-37, 11. Farming at High Hill, A letter from Dr. Morton, July 3, 1852: p 38, and 12. History of the O. and K. and Nineteenth century Prince Edward Transportation ideas: pp 39-43. The folder then starts chaper 2 - Political and Municipal title on p 44 with the first subsection of the chapter, 1. 1754-1776: pp 45-51. These pages are made up of a newspaper article cut out and glued to notebook paper with handwritten annotations and edits throughout.","Contains subsection of chapter 2, 2. 1776-1810: pp 52-69 (this section contains information about the founding of Hampden-Sydney College). These pages are made up of handwritten notes.","Contains the subsections of chapter 2, 3. 1810-1836: pp 70-73, and 4. 1836-1854: pp 74-76. These pages are made up of a newspaper article cut out and glued to notebook paper with handwritten annotations and edits throughout.","Contains subsection of chapter 2; 5. 1854-1876: pp 77-123. These pages are made up of handwritten notes.","Contains the second part of the subsection of chapter 2; 5. 1854-1876: pp 124-129 (Civil War). These pages are made up of a newspaper article cut out and glued to notebook paper with handwritten annotations and edits throughout.","Contains the final part of the subsection of chapter 2; 5. 1854-1876 (After the war), pp 130-136. The folder then goes to chapter 3 - Some Personal History title on p 137 with subsections; 1. Latrobe on the Appomattox, pp 138-139, 2. Patrick Henry and John Randolph in Prince Edward, p 140, 3. May 18th 1825, p 141, 4. Charlotte Court First Monday in April 1827, pp 142-143, and 5. Edward in 1830, pp 144-145. These pages contain a mixture of handwritten notes and newspaper articles with Chapter 2 being handwritten and then the subsections of chapter 3 all being edited newspaper articles.","Contains subsection of chapter 3, 6. Dr. Mettauer, 1809-1875: pp 146-151. These pages are made up of a newspaper article cut out and glued to notebook paper with handwritten annotations and edits throughout.","Contains subsection of chapter 4 - Church and State and School; 1. Notes from St. Patrick's Parish Vestry Book, 1755-1774: pp 153-172. These pages are made up of handwritten notes.","Contains subsections of chapter 4; 2. Miscellany Notes on Churches: pp 173-185, 3. Some Pastors of the Farmville Presbyterian Church: p 186, 4. Daniel Witt, of Sandy River Church: p 187, and 5. A Few Schools and The Prince Edward Library Company: pp 188-197. These pages contain a mixture of handwritten notes and edited newspaper articles.","Contains the subsection of chapter 4, 6. The Old Time Free School: pp 198-202. These pages contain a mixture of handwritten notes and edited newspaper articles.","Contains subsection of chapter 4, 7. Dr. Ruffner's Eleven Points: pp 203-214.These pages are made up of handwritten notes.","Contains subsections of chapter 5 - Prince Edward County Records, title p 215; 1. Prince Edward County Records: pp 216-218, 2. Names of the People: p 219, 3. Museum of Hampden Sidney: pp 220-221, 4. We will say something of a few important gifts to this museum...: pp 222-223, 5. A recent accession to this Museum will be of interest...: pp 224-225, and 6. Henry Jacob and His Map, pp 226-228.  These pages are made up of a newspaper article cut out and glued to notebook paper with handwritten annotations and edits throughout.","Contains subsection of chapter 6 - Early Wars and Revolutions, title p 229, 1. Volunteers for the French War: p 230. These pages are made up of a newspaper article cut out and glued to notebook paper with handwritten annotations and edits throughout.","Contains subsections of chapter 6; 2. The Revolution, first and last: p 231, 3. Buffalo District in 1776: pp 232-234, 4. Pay Roll of Captain John Morton's Company of Regulars, Fourth Virginia, 1776: pp 235-239, 5. Militi Officers, Prince Edward County, 1777-1781: pp 240-241, 6. General Lawson and Dr. Holcombe: p 242, and 5. Moravian Travels in Prince Edward in 1780: p 243. These pages are made up of a newspaper article cut out and glued to notebook paper with handwritten annotations and edits throughout.","Contains subsections of chapter 6; 8. Colonel Tarleton's Visitations: pp 244-246, 9. Adventures in the West: pp 247-248, 10. General Washington at Prince Edward Court House, June 7th, 1791: pp 249-252, 11. The Virginia Yazoo Company of Prince Edward: pages 253-254, 12. Caldwell and Owen of Prince Edward and Kentucky: p 255, and 13. John Coffee of Prince Edward County and the Southwest: p 256. These pages are made up of a newspaper article cut out and glued to notebook paper with handwritten annotations and edits throughout.","Contains subsection of chapter 6; 14. Prince Edward and the War of 1812, A Few Memoranda: pp 257-267. These pages are a mixture of handwritten notes and edited newspaper articles.","Contains subsection of chapter 7 - Some Further Reminders; 1. Prince Edward Court, 1754, Old Style, and After: pp 268-273. These pages consist of handwritten notes.","Contains subsection of chapter 7; 2. St. Patricks' and Politics: pp 274-276. These pages consist of handwritten notes.","Contains subsection of chapter 7; 3. Resolutions of Prince Edward County Committee on Safety, 1775: pp 277-284. These pages consist of handwritten notes.","Contains subsections of chapter 7; 4. General Robert Lawson: 285-298 and 5. Patrick Henry of Prince Edward: p 299. These pages consist of handwritten notes.","Contains subsectionw of chapter 7; 6. Abner and Francis Nash, George Walton and Governor Towns: pp 300-303, 7. John Baytop Scott: p 304, and 8. Thomas Allen and Andrew Johnston: p 305. These pages consist of a mixture of handwritten notes and edited newspaper articles.","Contains subsectiosn of chapter 7; 8. Prince Edward Tobacco Markets around 1786: pp 306-309 and 9. Germantown: p 310. These pages consist of handwritten notes.","Contains subsection of chapter 7; 10. Business of Kingsville: pp 311-316. These pages consist of handwritten notes.","Contains subsections of chapter 7; 11. Nathaniel E. Venable and Prince Edward Business: pp 317-325. These pages consist of handwritten notes.","Contains subsection of chapter 7; 12. Dr. \"Jim\" Dillon and some other Prince Edward Doctors: pp 326-332. These pages consist of handwritten notes.","Contains subsection of chapter 7; 13. Wonder Booker and Uncle Jack [Historical Collections of Virginia]: pp 333-334. These pages consist of handwritten notes.","Contains subsections of chapter 7; 14. William Branch: p 336, 15. Needham Law School: p 337, 16. Samuel Clough Anderson: 338, 17. From the Court House to the New Court House: p 339, and 18. Prince Edward County Political Register, 1775-1865: p 340-342. These pages consist of edited and annotated newspaper articles.","The nature of the Hampden-Sydney College Archives and Special Collections means that copyright or other information about restrictions may be difficult or even impossible to determine depsite reasonable efforts. As a result, Hampden-Sydney College claims only physical ownership of most Special Collections materials.   \nThe materials from our collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law. The user must assume full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials. Any materials used for academic research or otherwise should be fully credited with the source. This collection may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations. Researchers are advised that the disclosure of certain information pertaining to identifiable living individuals represented in this collection without the consent of those individuals may have legal ramifications (e.g. cause of action under common law for invasion of privacy may arise if facts concerning and individual's private life are published that would be deemed highly offensive to a reasonable person) for which the College assumes no responsibility.","Hampden-Sydney College Archives \u0026 Special Collections","Hampden-Sydney College","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["SC.000102"],"normalized_title_ssm":["A.J. Morrison Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["A.J. Morrison Collection"],"collection_ssim":["A.J. Morrison Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Hampden-Sydney College"],"repository_ssim":["Hampden-Sydney College"],"geogname_ssm":["Prince Edward County (Va.)","Hampden-Sydney College"],"geogname_ssim":["Prince Edward County (Va.)","Hampden-Sydney College"],"places_ssim":["Prince Edward County (Va.)","Hampden-Sydney College"],"access_terms_ssm":["The nature of the Hampden-Sydney College Archives and Special Collections means that copyright or other information about restrictions may be difficult or even impossible to determine depsite reasonable efforts. As a result, Hampden-Sydney College claims only physical ownership of most Special Collections materials.   \nThe materials from our collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law. The user must assume full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials. Any materials used for academic research or otherwise should be fully credited with the source. This collection may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations. Researchers are advised that the disclosure of certain information pertaining to identifiable living individuals represented in this collection without the consent of those individuals may have legal ramifications (e.g. cause of action under common law for invasion of privacy may arise if facts concerning and individual's private life are published that would be deemed highly offensive to a reasonable person) for which the College assumes no responsibility."],"access_subjects_ssim":["United States--History","Military history"],"access_subjects_ssm":["United States--History","Military history"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.5 Cubic Feet 1 Box"],"extent_tesim":["0.5 Cubic Feet 1 Box"],"genreform_ssim":["Military history"],"date_range_isim":[1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research; access requires at least 48 hours advance notice. Because of the nature of certain archival formats, including digital and audio-visual materials, access will require additional advanced notice. Copies of digital files will be provided for use upon request.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access to materials: "],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research; access requires at least 48 hours advance notice. Because of the nature of certain archival formats, including digital and audio-visual materials, access will require additional advanced notice. Copies of digital files will be provided for use upon request."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe manuscript was originally divided into paper-clipped sections. Paper clips were removed and each section has been placed in a separate folder in accordance with the original order.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement:"],"arrangement_tesim":["The manuscript was originally divided into paper-clipped sections. Paper clips were removed and each section has been placed in a separate folder in accordance with the original order."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA.J. Morrison (d. 1923) was the grandson of Hampden-Sydney President J. M. P. Atkinson, and a 1895 graduate of the College. After receiving his Pd.D. at Johns Hopkins, he returned to Hampden-Sydney, where he engaged in copious historical research related to Prince Edward County and Hampden-Sydney College.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/historical note:"],"bioghist_tesim":["A.J. Morrison (d. 1923) was the grandson of Hampden-Sydney President J. M. P. Atkinson, and a 1895 graduate of the College. After receiving his Pd.D. at Johns Hopkins, he returned to Hampden-Sydney, where he engaged in copious historical research related to Prince Edward County and Hampden-Sydney College."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], A.J. Morrison Collection, CA 000102, Hampden-Sydney College Archives and Special Collections, Hampden-Sydney, VA\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], A.J. Morrison Collection, CA 000102, Hampden-Sydney College Archives and Special Collections, Hampden-Sydney, VA"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by: Maryska Connelly-Brown, 2018. Machine-readable finding aid created from previous inventories by: Sarah Almond, 2020 April.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing information:"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by: Maryska Connelly-Brown, 2018. Machine-readable finding aid created from previous inventories by: Sarah Almond, 2020 April."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePaul L. Grier Vertical Files (CA 000101)\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related materials:"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Paul L. Grier Vertical Files (CA 000101)"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains an unfinished manuscript by A.J. Morrison about Prince Edward County, along with letters, newspaper clippings, and various documents about local history. Dates of materials range from 1754-1975.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMorrison Memoranda. Projected title page, dedication, and table of contents with chapter titles; I - The Land and Transportation, II - Political and Municipal, III - Some Personal History, IV - Church and State and School, V -  Prince Edward County Records, VI - Early Wars and Revolutions, and VII - Some Further Reminders. The next few pages are the table of contents for each chapters subsections. Finally, there is a handwritten preface (3 pages long).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubsection of chapter 1, Inventory, pages 7-12 of manuscript. These pages are made up of a newspaper article cut out and glued to notebook paper with handwritten annotations and edits throughout.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSubsections of chapter 1; 2. Soil Survey: pp 13-19, 3. Woodson grapes and Morton Minerals: pp 20, and 4. Prince Edward Court House Plans for Transportation, 1822: pp 21-22. These pages are made up of a newspaper article cut out and glued to notebook paper with handwritten annotations and edits throughout.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe folder contains subsections of chapter 1; 5. Old Times in Charlotte and Prince Edward: p 23, 6. Prince Edward and Charlotte Farms in 1836: pp 24-28, 7. Railroad Convention at Farmville, May 7, 1846: pp 29-30, and 8. From Fomvil [sic] to Washington by way of Richmond: pp 31-33. These pages are made up of handwritten notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains subsections of chapter 1; 9. Remarks on Farming in Prince Edward and that Neighborhood just before the Civil War: pp 34-35, 10. A Letter from Mr. H.G. Richardson, Feb. 2, 1852: pp 36-37, 11. Farming at High Hill, A letter from Dr. Morton, July 3, 1852: p 38, and 12. History of the O. and K. and Nineteenth century Prince Edward Transportation ideas: pp 39-43. The folder then starts chaper 2 - Political and Municipal title on p 44 with the first subsection of the chapter, 1. 1754-1776: pp 45-51. These pages are made up of a newspaper article cut out and glued to notebook paper with handwritten annotations and edits throughout.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains subsection of chapter 2, 2. 1776-1810: pp 52-69 (this section contains information about the founding of Hampden-Sydney College). These pages are made up of handwritten notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains the subsections of chapter 2, 3. 1810-1836: pp 70-73, and 4. 1836-1854: pp 74-76. These pages are made up of a newspaper article cut out and glued to notebook paper with handwritten annotations and edits throughout.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains subsection of chapter 2; 5. 1854-1876: pp 77-123. These pages are made up of handwritten notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains the second part of the subsection of chapter 2; 5. 1854-1876: pp 124-129 (Civil War). These pages are made up of a newspaper article cut out and glued to notebook paper with handwritten annotations and edits throughout.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains the final part of the subsection of chapter 2; 5. 1854-1876 (After the war), pp 130-136. The folder then goes to chapter 3 - Some Personal History title on p 137 with subsections; 1. Latrobe on the Appomattox, pp 138-139, 2. Patrick Henry and John Randolph in Prince Edward, p 140, 3. May 18th 1825, p 141, 4. Charlotte Court First Monday in April 1827, pp 142-143, and 5. Edward in 1830, pp 144-145. These pages contain a mixture of handwritten notes and newspaper articles with Chapter 2 being handwritten and then the subsections of chapter 3 all being edited newspaper articles.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains subsection of chapter 3, 6. Dr. Mettauer, 1809-1875: pp 146-151. These pages are made up of a newspaper article cut out and glued to notebook paper with handwritten annotations and edits throughout.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains subsection of chapter 4 - Church and State and School; 1. Notes from St. Patrick's Parish Vestry Book, 1755-1774: pp 153-172. These pages are made up of handwritten notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains subsections of chapter 4; 2. Miscellany Notes on Churches: pp 173-185, 3. Some Pastors of the Farmville Presbyterian Church: p 186, 4. Daniel Witt, of Sandy River Church: p 187, and 5. A Few Schools and The Prince Edward Library Company: pp 188-197. These pages contain a mixture of handwritten notes and edited newspaper articles.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains the subsection of chapter 4, 6. The Old Time Free School: pp 198-202. These pages contain a mixture of handwritten notes and edited newspaper articles.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains subsection of chapter 4, 7. Dr. Ruffner's Eleven Points: pp 203-214.These pages are made up of handwritten notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains subsections of chapter 5 - Prince Edward County Records, title p 215; 1. Prince Edward County Records: pp 216-218, 2. Names of the People: p 219, 3. Museum of Hampden Sidney: pp 220-221, 4. We will say something of a few important gifts to this museum...: pp 222-223, 5. A recent accession to this Museum will be of interest...: pp 224-225, and 6. Henry Jacob and His Map, pp 226-228.  These pages are made up of a newspaper article cut out and glued to notebook paper with handwritten annotations and edits throughout.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains subsection of chapter 6 - Early Wars and Revolutions, title p 229, 1. Volunteers for the French War: p 230. These pages are made up of a newspaper article cut out and glued to notebook paper with handwritten annotations and edits throughout.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains subsections of chapter 6; 2. The Revolution, first and last: p 231, 3. Buffalo District in 1776: pp 232-234, 4. Pay Roll of Captain John Morton's Company of Regulars, Fourth Virginia, 1776: pp 235-239, 5. Militi Officers, Prince Edward County, 1777-1781: pp 240-241, 6. General Lawson and Dr. Holcombe: p 242, and 5. Moravian Travels in Prince Edward in 1780: p 243. These pages are made up of a newspaper article cut out and glued to notebook paper with handwritten annotations and edits throughout.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains subsections of chapter 6; 8. Colonel Tarleton's Visitations: pp 244-246, 9. Adventures in the West: pp 247-248, 10. General Washington at Prince Edward Court House, June 7th, 1791: pp 249-252, 11. The Virginia Yazoo Company of Prince Edward: pages 253-254, 12. Caldwell and Owen of Prince Edward and Kentucky: p 255, and 13. John Coffee of Prince Edward County and the Southwest: p 256. These pages are made up of a newspaper article cut out and glued to notebook paper with handwritten annotations and edits throughout.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains subsection of chapter 6; 14. Prince Edward and the War of 1812, A Few Memoranda: pp 257-267. These pages are a mixture of handwritten notes and edited newspaper articles.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains subsection of chapter 7 - Some Further Reminders; 1. Prince Edward Court, 1754, Old Style, and After: pp 268-273. These pages consist of handwritten notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains subsection of chapter 7; 2. St. Patricks' and Politics: pp 274-276. These pages consist of handwritten notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains subsection of chapter 7; 3. Resolutions of Prince Edward County Committee on Safety, 1775: pp 277-284. These pages consist of handwritten notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains subsections of chapter 7; 4. General Robert Lawson: 285-298 and 5. Patrick Henry of Prince Edward: p 299. These pages consist of handwritten notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains subsectionw of chapter 7; 6. Abner and Francis Nash, George Walton and Governor Towns: pp 300-303, 7. John Baytop Scott: p 304, and 8. Thomas Allen and Andrew Johnston: p 305. These pages consist of a mixture of handwritten notes and edited newspaper articles.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains subsectiosn of chapter 7; 8. Prince Edward Tobacco Markets around 1786: pp 306-309 and 9. Germantown: p 310. These pages consist of handwritten notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains subsection of chapter 7; 10. Business of Kingsville: pp 311-316. These pages consist of handwritten notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains subsections of chapter 7; 11. Nathaniel E. Venable and Prince Edward Business: pp 317-325. These pages consist of handwritten notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains subsection of chapter 7; 12. Dr. \"Jim\" Dillon and some other Prince Edward Doctors: pp 326-332. These pages consist of handwritten notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains subsection of chapter 7; 13. Wonder Booker and Uncle Jack [Historical Collections of Virginia]: pp 333-334. These pages consist of handwritten notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains subsections of chapter 7; 14. William Branch: p 336, 15. Needham Law School: p 337, 16. Samuel Clough Anderson: 338, 17. From the Court House to the New Court House: p 339, and 18. Prince Edward County Political Register, 1775-1865: p 340-342. These pages consist of edited and annotated newspaper articles.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope/content:","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains an unfinished manuscript by A.J. Morrison about Prince Edward County, along with letters, newspaper clippings, and various documents about local history. Dates of materials range from 1754-1975.","Morrison Memoranda. Projected title page, dedication, and table of contents with chapter titles; I - The Land and Transportation, II - Political and Municipal, III - Some Personal History, IV - Church and State and School, V -  Prince Edward County Records, VI - Early Wars and Revolutions, and VII - Some Further Reminders. The next few pages are the table of contents for each chapters subsections. Finally, there is a handwritten preface (3 pages long).","Subsection of chapter 1, Inventory, pages 7-12 of manuscript. These pages are made up of a newspaper article cut out and glued to notebook paper with handwritten annotations and edits throughout.","Subsections of chapter 1; 2. Soil Survey: pp 13-19, 3. Woodson grapes and Morton Minerals: pp 20, and 4. Prince Edward Court House Plans for Transportation, 1822: pp 21-22. These pages are made up of a newspaper article cut out and glued to notebook paper with handwritten annotations and edits throughout.","The folder contains subsections of chapter 1; 5. Old Times in Charlotte and Prince Edward: p 23, 6. Prince Edward and Charlotte Farms in 1836: pp 24-28, 7. Railroad Convention at Farmville, May 7, 1846: pp 29-30, and 8. From Fomvil [sic] to Washington by way of Richmond: pp 31-33. These pages are made up of handwritten notes.","Contains subsections of chapter 1; 9. Remarks on Farming in Prince Edward and that Neighborhood just before the Civil War: pp 34-35, 10. A Letter from Mr. H.G. Richardson, Feb. 2, 1852: pp 36-37, 11. Farming at High Hill, A letter from Dr. Morton, July 3, 1852: p 38, and 12. History of the O. and K. and Nineteenth century Prince Edward Transportation ideas: pp 39-43. The folder then starts chaper 2 - Political and Municipal title on p 44 with the first subsection of the chapter, 1. 1754-1776: pp 45-51. These pages are made up of a newspaper article cut out and glued to notebook paper with handwritten annotations and edits throughout.","Contains subsection of chapter 2, 2. 1776-1810: pp 52-69 (this section contains information about the founding of Hampden-Sydney College). These pages are made up of handwritten notes.","Contains the subsections of chapter 2, 3. 1810-1836: pp 70-73, and 4. 1836-1854: pp 74-76. These pages are made up of a newspaper article cut out and glued to notebook paper with handwritten annotations and edits throughout.","Contains subsection of chapter 2; 5. 1854-1876: pp 77-123. These pages are made up of handwritten notes.","Contains the second part of the subsection of chapter 2; 5. 1854-1876: pp 124-129 (Civil War). These pages are made up of a newspaper article cut out and glued to notebook paper with handwritten annotations and edits throughout.","Contains the final part of the subsection of chapter 2; 5. 1854-1876 (After the war), pp 130-136. The folder then goes to chapter 3 - Some Personal History title on p 137 with subsections; 1. Latrobe on the Appomattox, pp 138-139, 2. Patrick Henry and John Randolph in Prince Edward, p 140, 3. May 18th 1825, p 141, 4. Charlotte Court First Monday in April 1827, pp 142-143, and 5. Edward in 1830, pp 144-145. These pages contain a mixture of handwritten notes and newspaper articles with Chapter 2 being handwritten and then the subsections of chapter 3 all being edited newspaper articles.","Contains subsection of chapter 3, 6. Dr. Mettauer, 1809-1875: pp 146-151. These pages are made up of a newspaper article cut out and glued to notebook paper with handwritten annotations and edits throughout.","Contains subsection of chapter 4 - Church and State and School; 1. Notes from St. Patrick's Parish Vestry Book, 1755-1774: pp 153-172. These pages are made up of handwritten notes.","Contains subsections of chapter 4; 2. Miscellany Notes on Churches: pp 173-185, 3. Some Pastors of the Farmville Presbyterian Church: p 186, 4. Daniel Witt, of Sandy River Church: p 187, and 5. A Few Schools and The Prince Edward Library Company: pp 188-197. These pages contain a mixture of handwritten notes and edited newspaper articles.","Contains the subsection of chapter 4, 6. The Old Time Free School: pp 198-202. These pages contain a mixture of handwritten notes and edited newspaper articles.","Contains subsection of chapter 4, 7. Dr. Ruffner's Eleven Points: pp 203-214.These pages are made up of handwritten notes.","Contains subsections of chapter 5 - Prince Edward County Records, title p 215; 1. Prince Edward County Records: pp 216-218, 2. Names of the People: p 219, 3. Museum of Hampden Sidney: pp 220-221, 4. We will say something of a few important gifts to this museum...: pp 222-223, 5. A recent accession to this Museum will be of interest...: pp 224-225, and 6. Henry Jacob and His Map, pp 226-228.  These pages are made up of a newspaper article cut out and glued to notebook paper with handwritten annotations and edits throughout.","Contains subsection of chapter 6 - Early Wars and Revolutions, title p 229, 1. Volunteers for the French War: p 230. These pages are made up of a newspaper article cut out and glued to notebook paper with handwritten annotations and edits throughout.","Contains subsections of chapter 6; 2. The Revolution, first and last: p 231, 3. Buffalo District in 1776: pp 232-234, 4. Pay Roll of Captain John Morton's Company of Regulars, Fourth Virginia, 1776: pp 235-239, 5. Militi Officers, Prince Edward County, 1777-1781: pp 240-241, 6. General Lawson and Dr. Holcombe: p 242, and 5. Moravian Travels in Prince Edward in 1780: p 243. These pages are made up of a newspaper article cut out and glued to notebook paper with handwritten annotations and edits throughout.","Contains subsections of chapter 6; 8. Colonel Tarleton's Visitations: pp 244-246, 9. Adventures in the West: pp 247-248, 10. General Washington at Prince Edward Court House, June 7th, 1791: pp 249-252, 11. The Virginia Yazoo Company of Prince Edward: pages 253-254, 12. Caldwell and Owen of Prince Edward and Kentucky: p 255, and 13. John Coffee of Prince Edward County and the Southwest: p 256. These pages are made up of a newspaper article cut out and glued to notebook paper with handwritten annotations and edits throughout.","Contains subsection of chapter 6; 14. Prince Edward and the War of 1812, A Few Memoranda: pp 257-267. These pages are a mixture of handwritten notes and edited newspaper articles.","Contains subsection of chapter 7 - Some Further Reminders; 1. Prince Edward Court, 1754, Old Style, and After: pp 268-273. These pages consist of handwritten notes.","Contains subsection of chapter 7; 2. St. Patricks' and Politics: pp 274-276. These pages consist of handwritten notes.","Contains subsection of chapter 7; 3. Resolutions of Prince Edward County Committee on Safety, 1775: pp 277-284. These pages consist of handwritten notes.","Contains subsections of chapter 7; 4. General Robert Lawson: 285-298 and 5. Patrick Henry of Prince Edward: p 299. These pages consist of handwritten notes.","Contains subsectionw of chapter 7; 6. Abner and Francis Nash, George Walton and Governor Towns: pp 300-303, 7. John Baytop Scott: p 304, and 8. Thomas Allen and Andrew Johnston: p 305. These pages consist of a mixture of handwritten notes and edited newspaper articles.","Contains subsectiosn of chapter 7; 8. Prince Edward Tobacco Markets around 1786: pp 306-309 and 9. Germantown: p 310. These pages consist of handwritten notes.","Contains subsection of chapter 7; 10. Business of Kingsville: pp 311-316. These pages consist of handwritten notes.","Contains subsections of chapter 7; 11. Nathaniel E. Venable and Prince Edward Business: pp 317-325. These pages consist of handwritten notes.","Contains subsection of chapter 7; 12. Dr. \"Jim\" Dillon and some other Prince Edward Doctors: pp 326-332. These pages consist of handwritten notes.","Contains subsection of chapter 7; 13. Wonder Booker and Uncle Jack [Historical Collections of Virginia]: pp 333-334. These pages consist of handwritten notes.","Contains subsections of chapter 7; 14. William Branch: p 336, 15. Needham Law School: p 337, 16. Samuel Clough Anderson: 338, 17. From the Court House to the New Court House: p 339, and 18. Prince Edward County Political Register, 1775-1865: p 340-342. These pages consist of edited and annotated newspaper articles."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe nature of the Hampden-Sydney College Archives and Special Collections means that copyright or other information about restrictions may be difficult or even impossible to determine depsite reasonable efforts. As a result, Hampden-Sydney College claims only physical ownership of most Special Collections materials.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e  \nThe materials from our collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law. The user must assume full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials. Any materials used for academic research or otherwise should be fully credited with the source.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis collection may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations. Researchers are advised that the disclosure of certain information pertaining to identifiable living individuals represented in this collection without the consent of those individuals may have legal ramifications (e.g. cause of action under common law for invasion of privacy may arise if facts concerning and individual's private life are published that would be deemed highly offensive to a reasonable person) for which the College assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use of these materials: "],"userestrict_tesim":["The nature of the Hampden-Sydney College Archives and Special Collections means that copyright or other information about restrictions may be difficult or even impossible to determine depsite reasonable efforts. As a result, Hampden-Sydney College claims only physical ownership of most Special Collections materials.   \nThe materials from our collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law. The user must assume full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials. Any materials used for academic research or otherwise should be fully credited with the source. This collection may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations. Researchers are advised that the disclosure of certain information pertaining to identifiable living individuals represented in this collection without the consent of those individuals may have legal ramifications (e.g. cause of action under common law for invasion of privacy may arise if facts concerning and individual's private life are published that would be deemed highly offensive to a reasonable person) for which the College assumes no responsibility."],"names_coll_ssim":["Hampden-Sydney College"],"names_ssim":["Hampden-Sydney College Archives \u0026 Special Collections","Hampden-Sydney College"],"corpname_ssim":["Hampden-Sydney College Archives \u0026 Special Collections","Hampden-Sydney College"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":31,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T04:18:42.219Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihdsc_repositories_2_resources_4"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_3135","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Alabama Collection","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_3135#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Monroe, James, 1758-1831","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_3135#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003ePapers relating to Courtland, Alabama; Huntsville, Alabama; and Lawrence County, Alabama. Includes letter, 1839 August 31, from committee of the Democratic Republicans of Courtland to Andrew Jackson inviting him to a dinner in honor of James Polk and a resolution, undated, concerning public testimonial to memory of Jackson; land grant, 1823, for land in Huntsville signed by James Monroe; and accounts of James E. Saunders.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_3135#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_3135","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_3135","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_3135","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_3135","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_3135.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Alabama Collection","title_ssm":["Alabama Collection"],"title_tesim":["Alabama Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1823-1893"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1823-1893"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss. 39.2 Al1","/repositories/2/resources/3135"],"text":["Mss. 39.2 Al1","/repositories/2/resources/3135","Alabama Collection","Courtland (Ala.)--History--19th century","Huntsville (Ala.)--History--19th century","Lawrence County (Ala.)--History--19th century","Correspondence","Financial records","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki:  .","William Carter Stubbs Papers (I), Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.","Papers relating to Courtland, Alabama; Huntsville, Alabama; and Lawrence County, Alabama. Includes letter, 1839 August 31, from committee of the Democratic Republicans of Courtland to Andrew Jackson inviting him to a dinner in honor of James Polk and a resolution, undated, concerning public testimonial to memory of Jackson; land grant, 1823, for land in Huntsville signed by James Monroe; and accounts of James E. Saunders.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","Monroe, James, 1758-1831","Jackson, Andrew, 1767-1845","English"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss. 39.2 Al1","/repositories/2/resources/3135"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alabama Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Alabama Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Alabama Collection"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"creator_ssm":["Monroe, James, 1758-1831"],"creator_ssim":["Monroe, James, 1758-1831"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Monroe, James, 1758-1831"],"creators_ssim":["Monroe, James, 1758-1831"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchase"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Courtland (Ala.)--History--19th century","Huntsville (Ala.)--History--19th century","Lawrence County (Ala.)--History--19th century","Correspondence","Financial records"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Courtland (Ala.)--History--19th century","Huntsville (Ala.)--History--19th century","Lawrence County (Ala.)--History--19th century","Correspondence","Financial records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.01 Linear Foot"],"extent_tesim":["0.01 Linear Foot"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Financial records"],"date_range_isim":[1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. 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