{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1850\u0026page=1109\u0026view=list","prev":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1850\u0026page=1108\u0026view=list","next":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1850\u0026page=1110\u0026view=list","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1850\u0026page=1134\u0026view=list"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1109,"next_page":1110,"prev_page":1108,"total_pages":1134,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":11080,"total_count":11331,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5880_c02_c561","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"William F. Rankin-Texas on Laura E. 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(149 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 document case, 2 1/2 in.); (1 small flat storage box, 3 1/2 in.); (2 oversize folders, 2 in.); (25 wrapped packages, 3 ft. 8 in.)"],"extent_tesim":["66.6 Linear Feet Summary: 66 ft. 7 in. 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Hammond Siler, Sr. (ca. 1848-1968), boxes S2/Box 1-S2/Box 89\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 3. Jessie Castleman Siler (ca. 1848-1968), boxes S3/Box 1-S3/Box 2\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 4. A.C. Hammond (ca. 1848-1968), boxes S4/Box 1-S4/Box 4\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 5. Ann R. Castleman (ca. 1848-1968), boxes S5/Box 1-S5/Box 2\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 6. Photographs (ca. 1848-1968), box S6/Box 1\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 7. Wrapped Packages (ca. 1848-1968), Wrapped Packages 1-26\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 8. Oversize Material (ca. 1848-1968), box S8/Box 1\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This is a collection of letters and documents tracing the personal and business life of an eastern panhandle West Virginia family. The papers concern a broad range of political, social, financial, and legal topics, particularly focusing on J. Hammond Siler, Jr., his parents, J. 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Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOrganization: This collection is organized into three Series: 1. Correspondence, 2. Legal Papers, and 3. Miscellaneous Papers. 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In the second series, the collection is arranged alphabetically by subject or persons last name. The seven subseries in the second series were created for subjects or persons with multiple folders."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eStudent (1836-1840) and member of Board of Visitors (1873-1891) at William and Mary. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: \u003cextref href=\"http://scdbwiki.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Warner_Throckmorton_Jones\" title=\"Warner Throckmorton Jones\"\u003e\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information:"],"bioghist_tesim":["Student (1836-1840) and member of Board of Visitors (1873-1891) at William and Mary. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: ."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOther Information:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Additional information may be found at http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaead/published/wm/viw00038.frame\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["Other Information:","Additional information may be found at http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaead/published/wm/viw00038.frame"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWarner T. Jones Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Warner T. Jones Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMss. 69 J71 Jones Family Papers\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials:"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Mss. 69 J71 Jones Family Papers"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers, 1807-1891, of Warner T. Jones, judge of Gloucester County, Virginia; his brother Richard P. Jones; and his nephew John R. Page. Papers include letters concerning the Jones family and the Seawell family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Prominent correspondents include John Randolph Bryan, Joseph Bryan, Samuel Bassett French, James Barron Hope, Charles Triplett O'Ferall, William Booth Taliaferro, John Randolph Tucker, and Lyon Gardiner Tyler. Collection includes printed advertisements for sewing and knitting machines\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers, 1807-1891, of Warner T. Jones, judge of Gloucester County, Virginia; his brother Richard P. Jones; and his nephew John R. Page. Papers include letters concerning the Jones family and the Seawell family.","Prominent correspondents include John Randolph Bryan, Joseph Bryan, Samuel Bassett French, James Barron Hope, Charles Triplett O'Ferall, William Booth Taliaferro, John Randolph Tucker, and Lyon Gardiner Tyler. Collection includes printed advertisements for sewing and knitting machines"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Jones, Warner Throckmorton","Tucker, John Randolph, 1823-1897"],"names_coll_ssim":["Tucker, John Randolph, 1823-1897"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Jones, Warner Throckmorton","Tucker, John Randolph, 1823-1897"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":700,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T23:04:54.928Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9125_c02_c42"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_679_c01_c11","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"William F. Rupp account book with sketches, 1850/1908","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_679_c01_c11#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_679_c01_c11","ref_ssm":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_679_c01_c11"],"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_679_c01_c11","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_679","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_679","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_679_c01","parent_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_679_c01","parent_ssim":["Rupp Family papers, 1831/1973","Personal papers, 1831/1940"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_679","vihart_repositories_4_resources_679_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"William F. Rupp account book with sketches","title_ssm":["William F. Rupp account book with sketches"],"title_tesim":["William F. Rupp account book with sketches"],"normalized_title_ssm":["William F. Rupp account book with sketches, 1850/1908"],"text":["William F. Rupp account book with sketches, 1850/1908","Rupp Family papers, 1831/1973","Personal papers, 1831/1940","box 1","folder 10"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Rupp Family papers, 1831/1973","Personal papers, 1831/1940"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Rupp Family papers, 1831/1973","Personal papers, 1831/1940"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1850/1908"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["before 1908"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":12,"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"collection_ssim":["Rupp Family papers, 1831/1973"],"containers_ssim":["box 1","folder 10"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"date_range_isim":[1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#10","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:36:24.185Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_679","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_679","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_679","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_679","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_679.xml","title_ssm":["Rupp Family papers"],"title_tesim":["Rupp Family papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1831-1973"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1831-1973"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1831/1973"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Rupp Family papers, 1831/1973"],"text":["Rupp Family papers, 1831/1973","SC 0342","/repositories/4/resources/679","New Market (Va.) -- History","Luray (Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Mural painting and decoration","Pencil drawing","Legal documents","Financial Records","Letters (correspondence)","Photographs","Account books","Pencil drawings","Autograph albums","Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","A small wooden box of pencils and sketching implements was not retained. Two leather wallets were not retained.","The collection is arranged in two series:","Personal papers, 1831-1940\n      Photographs, 1840-1973","William F. Rupp (1834-1908) was a German-born frescoer, plain and ornamental painter, and paperhanger from New Market, Virginia. While a youth in Germany, Rupp attended design school. He immigrated from Heilbronn, Germany and arrived in New York on July 17, 1854. Rupp resided in Luray for approximately one year and moved to New Market permanently in July 1855. He married Mary Catherine Spitzer (1837-1900) in 1862. Her father, Charles Spitzer, was a New Market gunsmith. In 1866, Rupp purchased what is now known as the Spitzer-Rupp House (located at 9295 Congress Street, New Market) from members of the Spitzer family. William and Mary Rupp had three sons, Charles E. (1863-1930), William \"Willie\" H. (1866-1925), and Joseph H. (1869-1923), all of whom are documented in the collection. While William F. Rupp worked primarily in the Shenandoah Valley, documentary evidence confirms that he also frescoed and painted in North Carolina and Pennsylvania. His fresco painting included churches, public buildings, and private residences, some of which are still extant.","Many members of the immediate and extended Rupp family are buried in New Market's St. Matthew's Cemetery.","Researchers should reference the \"Rupp family obituaries\" file for additional and more complete biographical information.","The materials descended through the Fritz and Loretta Orebaugh family of New Market, Virginia. Fritz's mother, Mary Rupp Orebaugh, was the granddaughter of William F. Rupp.","Papers were removed from non-archival document sleeves. Several leather document cases were discarded due to lack of research value and overall condition.","Charles E. Rupp. Papers, 1869-1942. Accession 36719, Personal papers collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.","The collection documents the Rupp family of New Market, Virginia and includes correspondence, photographs, financial documents, account books, legal documents, and pencil drawings.","Most notably, the collection documents the work of William F. Rupp, a German-born frescoer, plain and ornamental painter, and paperhanger from New Market, Virginia. Rupp's account books list the name and place of buildings he painted, frescoed, and wallpapered including frescoing Rader's Lutheran Church in Timberville and the Shenandoah County Courthouse courtroom in Woodstock. Bound accounts also document his work painting signs and gilding. One book is devoted to Rupp's sketches, including a birds-eye view of Luray, Virginia, but his pencil drawings are also scattered throughout the bound account books.","The collection also comprises photographs, financial documents, tax receipts, correspondence, and photographs related to William Rupp's immediate family including his wife Mary; sons Charles E., William \"Willie\" H., and Joseph H. Rupp, wife Rose, and their daughter Mary E., as well as others.","Two printed volumes were separated and cataloged individually.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The collection documents the Rupp family of New Market, Virginia and includes correspondence, photographs, financial documents, account books, legal documents, and pencil drawings.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Rupp family","Rupp, William F., 1834-1908","English\n      German"],"collection_title_tesim":["Rupp Family papers, 1831/1973"],"collection_ssim":["Rupp Family papers, 1831/1973"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0342","/repositories/4/resources/679"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0342","/repositories/4/resources/679"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["New Market (Va.) -- History","Luray (Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. 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For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Acquired at Jeffrey S. Evans's 37th Semi-Annual Americana/Fine Antiques auction on November 16, 2019."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Mural painting and decoration","Pencil drawing","Legal documents","Financial Records","Letters (correspondence)","Photographs","Account books","Pencil drawings","Autograph albums"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Mural painting and decoration","Pencil drawing","Legal documents","Financial Records","Letters (correspondence)","Photographs","Account books","Pencil drawings","Autograph albums"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.39 cubic feet 4 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["1.39 cubic feet 4 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Legal documents","Financial Records","Letters (correspondence)","Photographs","Account books","Pencil drawings","Autograph albums"],"date_range_isim":[1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"appraisal_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA small wooden box of pencils and sketching implements was not retained. Two leather wallets were not retained.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"appraisal_heading_ssm":["Appraisal"],"appraisal_tesim":["A small wooden box of pencils and sketching implements was not retained. Two leather wallets were not retained."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in two series:\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePersonal papers, 1831-1940\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePhotographs, 1840-1973\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in two series:","Personal papers, 1831-1940\n      Photographs, 1840-1973"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilliam F. Rupp (1834-1908) was a German-born frescoer, plain and ornamental painter, and paperhanger from New Market, Virginia. While a youth in Germany, Rupp attended design school. He immigrated from Heilbronn, Germany and arrived in New York on July 17, 1854. Rupp resided in Luray for approximately one year and moved to New Market permanently in July 1855. He married Mary Catherine Spitzer (1837-1900) in 1862. Her father, Charles Spitzer, was a New Market gunsmith. In 1866, Rupp purchased what is now known as the Spitzer-Rupp House (located at 9295 Congress Street, New Market) from members of the Spitzer family. William and Mary Rupp had three sons, Charles E. (1863-1930), William \"Willie\" H. (1866-1925), and Joseph H. (1869-1923), all of whom are documented in the collection. While William F. Rupp worked primarily in the Shenandoah Valley, documentary evidence confirms that he also frescoed and painted in North Carolina and Pennsylvania. His fresco painting included churches, public buildings, and private residences, some of which are still extant.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMany members of the immediate and extended Rupp family are buried in New Market's St. Matthew's Cemetery.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers should reference the \"Rupp family obituaries\" file for additional and more complete biographical information.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["William F. Rupp (1834-1908) was a German-born frescoer, plain and ornamental painter, and paperhanger from New Market, Virginia. While a youth in Germany, Rupp attended design school. He immigrated from Heilbronn, Germany and arrived in New York on July 17, 1854. Rupp resided in Luray for approximately one year and moved to New Market permanently in July 1855. He married Mary Catherine Spitzer (1837-1900) in 1862. Her father, Charles Spitzer, was a New Market gunsmith. In 1866, Rupp purchased what is now known as the Spitzer-Rupp House (located at 9295 Congress Street, New Market) from members of the Spitzer family. William and Mary Rupp had three sons, Charles E. (1863-1930), William \"Willie\" H. (1866-1925), and Joseph H. (1869-1923), all of whom are documented in the collection. While William F. Rupp worked primarily in the Shenandoah Valley, documentary evidence confirms that he also frescoed and painted in North Carolina and Pennsylvania. His fresco painting included churches, public buildings, and private residences, some of which are still extant.","Many members of the immediate and extended Rupp family are buried in New Market's St. Matthew's Cemetery.","Researchers should reference the \"Rupp family obituaries\" file for additional and more complete biographical information."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials descended through the Fritz and Loretta Orebaugh family of New Market, Virginia. Fritz's mother, Mary Rupp Orebaugh, was the granddaughter of William F. Rupp.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["The materials descended through the Fritz and Loretta Orebaugh family of New Market, Virginia. Fritz's mother, Mary Rupp Orebaugh, was the granddaughter of William F. Rupp."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Rupp Family Papers, 1831-1973, SC 0342, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Rupp Family Papers, 1831-1973, SC 0342, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers were removed from non-archival document sleeves. Several leather document cases were discarded due to lack of research value and overall condition.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Papers were removed from non-archival document sleeves. Several leather document cases were discarded due to lack of research value and overall condition."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCharles E. Rupp. Papers, 1869-1942. Accession 36719, Personal papers collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Charles E. Rupp. Papers, 1869-1942. Accession 36719, Personal papers collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection documents the Rupp family of New Market, Virginia and includes correspondence, photographs, financial documents, account books, legal documents, and pencil drawings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMost notably, the collection documents the work of William F. Rupp, a German-born frescoer, plain and ornamental painter, and paperhanger from New Market, Virginia. Rupp's account books list the name and place of buildings he painted, frescoed, and wallpapered including frescoing Rader's Lutheran Church in Timberville and the Shenandoah County Courthouse courtroom in Woodstock. Bound accounts also document his work painting signs and gilding. One book is devoted to Rupp's sketches, including a birds-eye view of Luray, Virginia, but his pencil drawings are also scattered throughout the bound account books.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also comprises photographs, financial documents, tax receipts, correspondence, and photographs related to William Rupp's immediate family including his wife Mary; sons Charles E., William \"Willie\" H., and Joseph H. Rupp, wife Rose, and their daughter Mary E., as well as others.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection documents the Rupp family of New Market, Virginia and includes correspondence, photographs, financial documents, account books, legal documents, and pencil drawings.","Most notably, the collection documents the work of William F. Rupp, a German-born frescoer, plain and ornamental painter, and paperhanger from New Market, Virginia. Rupp's account books list the name and place of buildings he painted, frescoed, and wallpapered including frescoing Rader's Lutheran Church in Timberville and the Shenandoah County Courthouse courtroom in Woodstock. Bound accounts also document his work painting signs and gilding. One book is devoted to Rupp's sketches, including a birds-eye view of Luray, Virginia, but his pencil drawings are also scattered throughout the bound account books.","The collection also comprises photographs, financial documents, tax receipts, correspondence, and photographs related to William Rupp's immediate family including his wife Mary; sons Charles E., William \"Willie\" H., and Joseph H. Rupp, wife Rose, and their daughter Mary E., as well as others."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTwo printed volumes were separated and cataloged individually.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Two printed volumes were separated and cataloged individually."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_055eb20ddf8f91318397f15cdb672218\"\u003eThe collection documents the Rupp family of New Market, Virginia and includes correspondence, photographs, financial documents, account books, legal documents, and pencil drawings.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The collection documents the Rupp family of New Market, Virginia and includes correspondence, photographs, financial documents, account books, legal documents, and pencil drawings."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"names_coll_ssim":["Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"famname_ssim":["Rupp family"],"persname_ssim":["Rupp, William F., 1834-1908"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Rupp family","Rupp, William F., 1834-1908"],"language_ssim":["English\n      German"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":42,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:36:24.185Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_679_c01_c11"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2180_c01_c01_c39","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"William F. Watson, 1849/1856","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_2180_c01_c01_c39#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2180_c01_c01_c39","ref_ssm":["viw_repositories_2_resources_2180_c01_c01_c39"],"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2180_c01_c01_c39","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2180","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2180","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2180_c01_c01","parent_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2180_c01_c01","parent_ssim":["Henry A. Washington Papers, 1825/1888","Correspondence, 1845/1858","Letters sent to Henry A. Washington"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viw_repositories_2_resources_2180","viw_repositories_2_resources_2180_c01","viw_repositories_2_resources_2180_c01_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"William F. Watson","title_ssm":["William F. Watson"],"title_tesim":["William F. Watson"],"normalized_title_ssm":["William F. Watson, 1849/1856"],"text":["William F. Watson, 1849/1856","Henry A. Washington Papers, 1825/1888","Correspondence, 1845/1858","Letters sent to Henry A. Washington","Box 2","folder 6"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Henry A. Washington Papers, 1825/1888","Correspondence, 1845/1858","Letters sent to Henry A. Washington"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Henry A. Washington Papers, 1825/1888","Correspondence, 1845/1858","Letters sent to Henry A. Washington"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1849/1856"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1849-1850, 1853, 1856"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":41,"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"collection_ssim":["Henry A. Washington Papers, 1825/1888"],"containers_ssim":["Box 2","folder 6"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to all researchers. Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"date_range_isim":[1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#0/components#38","timestamp":"2026-08-14T23:01:05.763Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2180","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2180","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2180","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2180","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_2180.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Washington, Henry A. Papers","title_ssm":["Henry A. Washington Papers"],"title_tesim":["Henry A. Washington Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1835-1859"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1835-1859"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1825/1888"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Henry A. Washington Papers, 1825/1888"],"text":["Henry A. Washington Papers, 1825/1888","Mss. 39.1 W251","/repositories/2/resources/2180","College of William and Mary--Faculty and Staff","Practice of law--Virginia--History--19th century","United States--Slavery","Correspondence","Diaries","Poems","Collection is open to all researchers. Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Henry Augustine Washington was born at Haywood, Virginia on 24 August 1820, the son of Lawrence Washington and Sarah Tayloe Washington. He attended Georgetown College and the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University). Studied law under John Tayloe Lomax. He moved to Richmond to practice law in 1842, but in 1847 returned to the Northern Neck of Virginia.","He was appointed professor of history and political economy at the College of William and Mary. He married Cynthia Beverley Tucker, daughter of Williamsburg mayor and judge, Nathaniel Beverley Tucker. Washington edited the Writings of Thomas Jefferson (Washington, 1853-54) and completed Thomas R. Dew's A Digest of the Laws, Customs, Manners and Institutions of the Ancient and Modern Nations (1853). He suffered ill-health for years and died 28 February 1858.","Diaries printed in Carol H. Sturzenberger, \"The Diaries of Henry A. Washington\" (M. A. Thesis, College of William and Mary, 1979). See also Tucker-Coleman Papers (Mss. 40 T79), Cynthia BeverleyTucker Washington Coleman Papers (MS 00007), and Washington Family Papers (Acc. 2014.244), Swem Library, College of William and Mary.","This collection consists of the papers of Henry A. Washington, professor of history and political economy at the College of William and Mary. Dates include 1835-1859. The collection Includes correspondence, poetical compositions, diaries kept while practicing law in Richmond, Va., writings and addresses, legal and financial papers, and the manuscript of his edition of the Writings of Thomas Jefferson as well as supporting documentation for that project. Prominent correspondents include John Moncure Daniel, William and Mary faculty/staff (Benjamin S. Ewell, Tazewell Taylor, Morgan J. Smead, Silas Totten), John Johns, and family members.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","Washington, Henry A., 1820-1858","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Henry A. Washington Papers, 1825/1888"],"collection_ssim":["Henry A. 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Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHenry Augustine Washington was born at Haywood, Virginia on 24 August 1820, the son of Lawrence Washington and Sarah Tayloe Washington. He attended Georgetown College and the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University). Studied law under John Tayloe Lomax. He moved to Richmond to practice law in 1842, but in 1847 returned to the Northern Neck of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e He was appointed professor of history and political economy at the College of William and Mary. He married Cynthia Beverley Tucker, daughter of Williamsburg mayor and judge, Nathaniel Beverley Tucker. Washington edited the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eWritings of Thomas Jefferson\u003c/emph\u003e (Washington, 1853-54) and completed Thomas R. Dew's A Digest of the Laws, Customs, Manners and Institutions of the Ancient and Modern Nations (1853). He suffered ill-health for years and died 28 February 1858.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information:"],"bioghist_tesim":["Henry Augustine Washington was born at Haywood, Virginia on 24 August 1820, the son of Lawrence Washington and Sarah Tayloe Washington. He attended Georgetown College and the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University). Studied law under John Tayloe Lomax. He moved to Richmond to practice law in 1842, but in 1847 returned to the Northern Neck of Virginia.","He was appointed professor of history and political economy at the College of William and Mary. He married Cynthia Beverley Tucker, daughter of Williamsburg mayor and judge, Nathaniel Beverley Tucker. Washington edited the Writings of Thomas Jefferson (Washington, 1853-54) and completed Thomas R. Dew's A Digest of the Laws, Customs, Manners and Institutions of the Ancient and Modern Nations (1853). He suffered ill-health for years and died 28 February 1858."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHenry A. Washington Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Henry A. Washington Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDiaries printed in Carol H. Sturzenberger, \"The Diaries of Henry A. Washington\" (M. A. Thesis, College of William and Mary, 1979). See also Tucker-Coleman Papers (Mss. 40 T79), Cynthia BeverleyTucker Washington Coleman Papers (MS 00007), and Washington Family Papers (Acc. 2014.244), Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials:"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Diaries printed in Carol H. Sturzenberger, \"The Diaries of Henry A. Washington\" (M. A. Thesis, College of William and Mary, 1979). See also Tucker-Coleman Papers (Mss. 40 T79), Cynthia BeverleyTucker Washington Coleman Papers (MS 00007), and Washington Family Papers (Acc. 2014.244), Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of the papers of Henry A. Washington, professor of history and political economy at the College of William and Mary. Dates include 1835-1859. The collection Includes correspondence, poetical compositions, diaries kept while practicing law in Richmond, Va., writings and addresses, legal and financial papers, and the manuscript of his edition of the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eWritings of Thomas Jefferson\u003c/emph\u003e as well as supporting documentation for that project. Prominent correspondents include John Moncure Daniel, William and Mary faculty/staff (Benjamin S. Ewell, Tazewell Taylor, Morgan J. Smead, Silas Totten), John Johns, and family members.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of the papers of Henry A. Washington, professor of history and political economy at the College of William and Mary. Dates include 1835-1859. The collection Includes correspondence, poetical compositions, diaries kept while practicing law in Richmond, Va., writings and addresses, legal and financial papers, and the manuscript of his edition of the Writings of Thomas Jefferson as well as supporting documentation for that project. Prominent correspondents include John Moncure Daniel, William and Mary faculty/staff (Benjamin S. Ewell, Tazewell Taylor, Morgan J. Smead, Silas Totten), John Johns, and family members."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Washington, Henry A., 1820-1858"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Washington, Henry A., 1820-1858"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":237,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T23:01:05.763Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_2180_c01_c01_c39"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8764","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"William F. Willoughby Papers, 1818/1955, bulk 1891/1937","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_8764#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Willoughby, William F. (1867-1960)","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_8764#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003ePapers 1818-1955, of William Willoughby, economist, government official, director for the Institute of Research. The papers of William F. Willoughby, mostly concern his service as treasurer and secretary of Puerto Rico and as deputy legal adviser to President Yuan Shikai of China during the period when Yuan made an unsuccessful attempt to restore the monarchy to China by having himself crowned emperor. The collection includes personal correspondence of Willougby with his twin brother Westel Woodbury Willoughby, sister Alice Estelle Willoughby, copies of official memorandum prepared for the Chinese and published writings. There are also genealogical materials concerning the Willoughby and Woodbury families.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_8764#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8764","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8764","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8764","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8764","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_8764.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Willoughby, William, Papers","title_ssm":["William F. Willoughby Papers"],"title_tesim":["William F. Willoughby Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1818-1955","1891-1937"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1818-1955"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1891-1937"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1818/1955, bulk 1891/1937"],"normalized_title_ssm":["William F. Willoughby Papers, 1818/1955, bulk 1891/1937"],"text":["William F. Willoughby Papers, 1818/1955, bulk 1891/1937","Mss. 72 W66","/repositories/2/resources/8764","China--History--1912-1928","China--Politics and government--1912-1928","Legal documents","Puerto Rico--History","Puerto Rico--Politics and government--1898-1952","Account books","Correspondence","Financial records","Notebooks","Photographs","Reports","Scrapbooks","Collection is open to all researchers. Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Manuscripts and Rare Books Librarian, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Graduated from Johns Hopkins in 1885, served as statistical expert for the US Department of Labor, member of the International Jury of Awards, Paris Exposition of 1900, instructor of economics at Harvard University in 1901, treasurer, secretary, and president of the Executive Council of Puerto Rico (1901-1909), assistant director of the US Census in 1910, member of the US Commission on Economy \u0026 Efficiency in Government, McCormick Professor of Jurisprudence at Princeton University in 1912, deputy legal adviser to president of China (1914-16), director of Institute for Government Research (1916-32), and consultant to the Library of Congress (1940-44).","Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki:","Papers 1818-1955, of William Willoughby, economist, government official, director for the Institute of Research. The papers of William F. Willoughby, mostly concern his service as treasurer and secretary of Puerto Rico and as deputy legal adviser to President Yuan Shikai of China during the period when Yuan made an unsuccessful attempt to restore the monarchy to China by having himself crowned emperor. The collection includes personal correspondence of Willougby with his twin brother Westel Woodbury Willoughby, sister Alice Estelle Willoughby, copies of official memorandum prepared for the Chinese and published writings. There are also genealogical materials concerning the Willoughby and Woodbury families.","Special Collections Research Center","Willoughby, William F. (1867-1960)","Willoughby, William Franklin, 1867-1960","Yuan, Shikai, 1859-1916","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["William F. Willoughby Papers, 1818/1955, bulk 1891/1937"],"collection_ssim":["William F. Willoughby Papers, 1818/1955, bulk 1891/1937"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss. 72 W66","/repositories/2/resources/8764"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss. 72 W66","/repositories/2/resources/8764"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"geogname_ssm":["China--History--1912-1928","China--Politics and government--1912-1928"],"geogname_ssim":["China--History--1912-1928","China--Politics and government--1912-1928"],"places_ssim":["China--History--1912-1928","China--Politics and government--1912-1928"],"creator_ssm":["Willoughby, William F. (1867-1960)"],"creator_ssim":["Willoughby, William F. (1867-1960)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Willoughby, William F. (1867-1960)","Willoughby, William Franklin, 1867-1960","Yuan, Shikai, 1859-1916"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Willoughby, William F. (1867-1960)","Willoughby, William Franklin, 1867-1960","Yuan, Shikai, 1859-1916","Special Collections Research Center"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Legal documents","Puerto Rico--History","Puerto Rico--Politics and government--1898-1952","Account books","Correspondence","Financial records","Notebooks","Photographs","Reports","Scrapbooks"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Legal documents","Puerto Rico--History","Puerto Rico--Politics and government--1898-1952","Account books","Correspondence","Financial records","Notebooks","Photographs","Reports","Scrapbooks"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2.90 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["2.90 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Account books","Correspondence","Financial records","Notebooks","Photographs","Reports","Scrapbooks"],"date_range_isim":[1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Manuscripts and Rare Books Librarian, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Manuscripts and Rare Books Librarian, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGraduated from Johns Hopkins in 1885, served as statistical expert for the US Department of Labor, member of the International Jury of Awards, Paris Exposition of 1900, instructor of economics at Harvard University in 1901, treasurer, secretary, and president of the Executive Council of Puerto Rico (1901-1909), assistant director of the US Census in 1910, member of the US Commission on Economy \u0026amp; Efficiency in Government, McCormick Professor of Jurisprudence at Princeton University in 1912, deputy legal adviser to president of China (1914-16), director of Institute for Government Research (1916-32), and consultant to the Library of Congress (1940-44).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: \u003cextref actuate=\"onrequest\" audience=\"external\" linktype=\"simple\" show=\"embed\" href=\"http://scdbwiki.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/William_F._Willoughby_(1867-1960)\" title=\"William F. Willoughby (1867-1960)\"\u003e\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information:"],"bioghist_tesim":["Graduated from Johns Hopkins in 1885, served as statistical expert for the US Department of Labor, member of the International Jury of Awards, Paris Exposition of 1900, instructor of economics at Harvard University in 1901, treasurer, secretary, and president of the Executive Council of Puerto Rico (1901-1909), assistant director of the US Census in 1910, member of the US Commission on Economy \u0026 Efficiency in Government, McCormick Professor of Jurisprudence at Princeton University in 1912, deputy legal adviser to president of China (1914-16), director of Institute for Government Research (1916-32), and consultant to the Library of Congress (1940-44).","Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki:"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilliam F. Willoughby, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["William F. Willoughby, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers 1818-1955, of William Willoughby, economist, government official, director for the Institute of Research. The papers of William F. Willoughby, mostly concern his service as treasurer and secretary of Puerto Rico and as deputy legal adviser to President Yuan Shikai of China during the period when Yuan made an unsuccessful attempt to restore the monarchy to China by having himself crowned emperor. The collection includes personal correspondence of Willougby with his twin brother Westel Woodbury Willoughby, sister Alice Estelle Willoughby, copies of official memorandum prepared for the Chinese and published writings. There are also genealogical materials concerning the Willoughby and Woodbury families.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers 1818-1955, of William Willoughby, economist, government official, director for the Institute of Research. The papers of William F. Willoughby, mostly concern his service as treasurer and secretary of Puerto Rico and as deputy legal adviser to President Yuan Shikai of China during the period when Yuan made an unsuccessful attempt to restore the monarchy to China by having himself crowned emperor. The collection includes personal correspondence of Willougby with his twin brother Westel Woodbury Willoughby, sister Alice Estelle Willoughby, copies of official memorandum prepared for the Chinese and published writings. There are also genealogical materials concerning the Willoughby and Woodbury families."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Willoughby, William F. (1867-1960)","Willoughby, William Franklin, 1867-1960","Yuan, Shikai, 1859-1916"],"names_coll_ssim":["Willoughby, William Franklin, 1867-1960","Yuan, Shikai, 1859-1916"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Willoughby, William F. (1867-1960)","Willoughby, William Franklin, 1867-1960","Yuan, Shikai, 1859-1916"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":206,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T23:04:30.136Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8764","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8764","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8764","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8764","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_8764.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Willoughby, William, Papers","title_ssm":["William F. Willoughby Papers"],"title_tesim":["William F. Willoughby Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1818-1955","1891-1937"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1818-1955"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1891-1937"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1818/1955, bulk 1891/1937"],"normalized_title_ssm":["William F. Willoughby Papers, 1818/1955, bulk 1891/1937"],"text":["William F. Willoughby Papers, 1818/1955, bulk 1891/1937","Mss. 72 W66","/repositories/2/resources/8764","China--History--1912-1928","China--Politics and government--1912-1928","Legal documents","Puerto Rico--History","Puerto Rico--Politics and government--1898-1952","Account books","Correspondence","Financial records","Notebooks","Photographs","Reports","Scrapbooks","Collection is open to all researchers. Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Manuscripts and Rare Books Librarian, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Graduated from Johns Hopkins in 1885, served as statistical expert for the US Department of Labor, member of the International Jury of Awards, Paris Exposition of 1900, instructor of economics at Harvard University in 1901, treasurer, secretary, and president of the Executive Council of Puerto Rico (1901-1909), assistant director of the US Census in 1910, member of the US Commission on Economy \u0026 Efficiency in Government, McCormick Professor of Jurisprudence at Princeton University in 1912, deputy legal adviser to president of China (1914-16), director of Institute for Government Research (1916-32), and consultant to the Library of Congress (1940-44).","Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki:","Papers 1818-1955, of William Willoughby, economist, government official, director for the Institute of Research. 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Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Manuscripts and Rare Books Librarian, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Manuscripts and Rare Books Librarian, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGraduated from Johns Hopkins in 1885, served as statistical expert for the US Department of Labor, member of the International Jury of Awards, Paris Exposition of 1900, instructor of economics at Harvard University in 1901, treasurer, secretary, and president of the Executive Council of Puerto Rico (1901-1909), assistant director of the US Census in 1910, member of the US Commission on Economy \u0026amp; Efficiency in Government, McCormick Professor of Jurisprudence at Princeton University in 1912, deputy legal adviser to president of China (1914-16), director of Institute for Government Research (1916-32), and consultant to the Library of Congress (1940-44).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: \u003cextref actuate=\"onrequest\" audience=\"external\" linktype=\"simple\" show=\"embed\" href=\"http://scdbwiki.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/William_F._Willoughby_(1867-1960)\" title=\"William F. Willoughby (1867-1960)\"\u003e\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information:"],"bioghist_tesim":["Graduated from Johns Hopkins in 1885, served as statistical expert for the US Department of Labor, member of the International Jury of Awards, Paris Exposition of 1900, instructor of economics at Harvard University in 1901, treasurer, secretary, and president of the Executive Council of Puerto Rico (1901-1909), assistant director of the US Census in 1910, member of the US Commission on Economy \u0026 Efficiency in Government, McCormick Professor of Jurisprudence at Princeton University in 1912, deputy legal adviser to president of China (1914-16), director of Institute for Government Research (1916-32), and consultant to the Library of Congress (1940-44).","Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki:"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilliam F. Willoughby, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["William F. Willoughby, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers 1818-1955, of William Willoughby, economist, government official, director for the Institute of Research. The papers of William F. Willoughby, mostly concern his service as treasurer and secretary of Puerto Rico and as deputy legal adviser to President Yuan Shikai of China during the period when Yuan made an unsuccessful attempt to restore the monarchy to China by having himself crowned emperor. The collection includes personal correspondence of Willougby with his twin brother Westel Woodbury Willoughby, sister Alice Estelle Willoughby, copies of official memorandum prepared for the Chinese and published writings. There are also genealogical materials concerning the Willoughby and Woodbury families.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers 1818-1955, of William Willoughby, economist, government official, director for the Institute of Research. The papers of William F. Willoughby, mostly concern his service as treasurer and secretary of Puerto Rico and as deputy legal adviser to President Yuan Shikai of China during the period when Yuan made an unsuccessful attempt to restore the monarchy to China by having himself crowned emperor. The collection includes personal correspondence of Willougby with his twin brother Westel Woodbury Willoughby, sister Alice Estelle Willoughby, copies of official memorandum prepared for the Chinese and published writings. There are also genealogical materials concerning the Willoughby and Woodbury families."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Willoughby, William F. 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There is one folder of business papers, 1820-1841, of Thomas Edgar; a few letters from Caperton's son, John, while a cadet at the Camp of Instruction, Richmond, 1861; a folder of letters concerning Isabel's trips through the American West, the British Isles, and Europe; and a folder on family genealogy. Subjects include mid-nineteenth century life in Union, Monroe County; the excitement in Virginia following John Brown's raid; Washington, D.C., and the slavery controversy, 1860; the secession crisis in Virginia; impressment of material in Monroe County by Union troops; the effect of the war on the social and economic life of Richmond; work of the Ladies Relief Hospital in Lynchburg; and the aftermath of war in Virginia.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4709#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4709","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4709","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4709","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_4709","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_4709.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/198300","title_ssm":["William Gaston Caperton (1815-1852) Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["William Gaston Caperton (1815-1852) Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1801-1930"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1801-1930"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1801/1930"],"normalized_title_ssm":["William Gaston Caperton (1815-1852) Family Papers, 1801/1930"],"text":["William Gaston Caperton (1815-1852) Family Papers, 1801/1930","A\u0026M 1436","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/4709","Monroe County (W. Va.)","Union (W. Va.)","Camp of Instruction (Richmond, Va.)","Europe","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Harpers Ferry (W. Va.) -- History -- John Brown's Raid, 1859","Women's history -- 1900-1929","Civil War - Richmond, Virginia.","Travel accounts.","Women's history -- 1800-1849","Women's history -- 1929-1950","Confederate States of America - secession crisis.","Women's history -- 1850-1899","Hospitals and sanitariums.","Slaves and slavery.","Civil War -- Camps and camp life","Reconstruction (U.S. history, 1865-1877)","No special access restriction applies.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Correspondence and miscellaneous papers of: a Monroe County, West Virginia, farmer and politician; his wife, Harriette Boswell Alexander; their daughters, Isabel and Alice Beulah; Alice's husband, Frank Hereford, U.S. senator from West Virginia; and his daughter, Katherine Hereford Stoddard. There is one folder of business papers, 1820-1841, of Thomas Edgar; a few letters from Caperton's son, John, while a cadet at the Camp of Instruction, Richmond, 1861; a folder of letters concerning Isabel's trips through the American West, the British Isles, and Europe; and a folder on family genealogy. Subjects include mid-nineteenth century life in Union, Monroe County; the excitement in Virginia following John Brown's raid; Washington, D.C., and the slavery controversy, 1860; the secession crisis in Virginia; impressment of material in Monroe County by Union troops; the effect of the war on the social and economic life of Richmond; work of the Ladies Relief Hospital in Lynchburg; and the aftermath of war in Virginia.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","United States. Congress. Senate","Ladies Relief Hospital  (Lynchburg, Va.)","Caperton, William Gaston (1815-1852)","Hereford, Frank, 1825-1891","Hereford, Alice Beulah.","Caperton, John.","Caperton, Isabel.","Alexander, Harriette Boswell.","Edgar, Thomas.","Caperton, William Gaston.","Stoddard, Katherine Hereford.","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["William Gaston Caperton (1815-1852) Family Papers, 1801/1930"],"collection_ssim":["William Gaston Caperton (1815-1852) Family Papers, 1801/1930"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 1436","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/4709"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 1436","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/4709"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Monroe County (W. 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Va.) -- History -- John Brown's Raid, 1859"],"creator_ssm":["Caperton, William Gaston (1815-1852)"],"creator_ssim":["Caperton, William Gaston (1815-1852)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Caperton, William Gaston (1815-1852)","Hereford, Frank, 1825-1891","Hereford, Alice Beulah.","Caperton, John.","Caperton, Isabel.","Alexander, Harriette Boswell.","Edgar, Thomas.","Caperton, William Gaston.","Stoddard, Katherine Hereford."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","United States. Congress. Senate","Ladies Relief Hospital  (Lynchburg, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["Caperton, William Gaston (1815-1852)","Hereford, Frank, 1825-1891","Hereford, Alice Beulah.","Caperton, John.","Caperton, Isabel.","Alexander, Harriette Boswell.","Edgar, Thomas.","Caperton, William Gaston.","Stoddard, Katherine Hereford.","West Virginia and Regional History Center","United States. Congress. Senate","Ladies Relief Hospital  (Lynchburg, Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women's history -- 1900-1929","Civil War - Richmond, Virginia.","Travel accounts.","Women's history -- 1800-1849","Women's history -- 1929-1950","Confederate States of America - secession crisis.","Women's history -- 1850-1899","Hospitals and sanitariums.","Slaves and slavery.","Civil War -- Camps and camp life","Reconstruction (U.S. history, 1865-1877)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women's history -- 1900-1929","Civil War - Richmond, Virginia.","Travel accounts.","Women's history -- 1800-1849","Women's history -- 1929-1950","Confederate States of America - secession crisis.","Women's history -- 1850-1899","Hospitals and sanitariums.","Slaves and slavery.","Civil War -- Camps and camp life","Reconstruction (U.S. history, 1865-1877)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.15 Linear Feet Summary: 1 3/4 in. (1 reel of microfilm (ca. 500 items), 1.75 in.)"],"extent_tesim":["0.15 Linear Feet Summary: 1 3/4 in. (1 reel of microfilm (ca. 500 items), 1.75 in.)"],"date_range_isim":[1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], William Gaston Caperton (1815-1852) Family Papers, A\u0026amp;M 1436, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], William Gaston Caperton (1815-1852) Family Papers, A\u0026M 1436, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_c1fb74c8efaf27a30715b943b6c25fcb\"\u003eCorrespondence and miscellaneous papers of: a Monroe County, West Virginia, farmer and politician; his wife, Harriette Boswell Alexander; their daughters, Isabel and Alice Beulah; Alice's husband, Frank Hereford, U.S. senator from West Virginia; and his daughter, Katherine Hereford Stoddard. There is one folder of business papers, 1820-1841, of Thomas Edgar; a few letters from Caperton's son, John, while a cadet at the Camp of Instruction, Richmond, 1861; a folder of letters concerning Isabel's trips through the American West, the British Isles, and Europe; and a folder on family genealogy. Subjects include mid-nineteenth century life in Union, Monroe County; the excitement in Virginia following John Brown's raid; Washington, D.C., and the slavery controversy, 1860; the secession crisis in Virginia; impressment of material in Monroe County by Union troops; the effect of the war on the social and economic life of Richmond; work of the Ladies Relief Hospital in Lynchburg; and the aftermath of war in Virginia.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Correspondence and miscellaneous papers of: a Monroe County, West Virginia, farmer and politician; his wife, Harriette Boswell Alexander; their daughters, Isabel and Alice Beulah; Alice's husband, Frank Hereford, U.S. senator from West Virginia; and his daughter, Katherine Hereford Stoddard. There is one folder of business papers, 1820-1841, of Thomas Edgar; a few letters from Caperton's son, John, while a cadet at the Camp of Instruction, Richmond, 1861; a folder of letters concerning Isabel's trips through the American West, the British Isles, and Europe; and a folder on family genealogy. Subjects include mid-nineteenth century life in Union, Monroe County; the excitement in Virginia following John Brown's raid; Washington, D.C., and the slavery controversy, 1860; the secession crisis in Virginia; impressment of material in Monroe County by Union troops; the effect of the war on the social and economic life of Richmond; work of the Ladies Relief Hospital in Lynchburg; and the aftermath of war in Virginia."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_fad80df6168f607b603c445f8a896989\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","United States. Congress. Senate","Ladies Relief Hospital  (Lynchburg, Va.)"],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Congress. 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Va.)","Union (W. Va.)","Camp of Instruction (Richmond, Va.)","Europe","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Harpers Ferry (W. Va.) -- History -- John Brown's Raid, 1859","Women's history -- 1900-1929","Civil War - Richmond, Virginia.","Travel accounts.","Women's history -- 1800-1849","Women's history -- 1929-1950","Confederate States of America - secession crisis.","Women's history -- 1850-1899","Hospitals and sanitariums.","Slaves and slavery.","Civil War -- Camps and camp life","Reconstruction (U.S. history, 1865-1877)","No special access restriction applies.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Correspondence and miscellaneous papers of: a Monroe County, West Virginia, farmer and politician; his wife, Harriette Boswell Alexander; their daughters, Isabel and Alice Beulah; Alice's husband, Frank Hereford, U.S. senator from West Virginia; and his daughter, Katherine Hereford Stoddard. There is one folder of business papers, 1820-1841, of Thomas Edgar; a few letters from Caperton's son, John, while a cadet at the Camp of Instruction, Richmond, 1861; a folder of letters concerning Isabel's trips through the American West, the British Isles, and Europe; and a folder on family genealogy. Subjects include mid-nineteenth century life in Union, Monroe County; the excitement in Virginia following John Brown's raid; Washington, D.C., and the slavery controversy, 1860; the secession crisis in Virginia; impressment of material in Monroe County by Union troops; the effect of the war on the social and economic life of Richmond; work of the Ladies Relief Hospital in Lynchburg; and the aftermath of war in Virginia.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","United States. Congress. 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Va.) -- History -- John Brown's Raid, 1859"],"creator_ssm":["Caperton, William Gaston (1815-1852)"],"creator_ssim":["Caperton, William Gaston (1815-1852)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Caperton, William Gaston (1815-1852)","Hereford, Frank, 1825-1891","Hereford, Alice Beulah.","Caperton, John.","Caperton, Isabel.","Alexander, Harriette Boswell.","Edgar, Thomas.","Caperton, William Gaston.","Stoddard, Katherine Hereford."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","United States. Congress. Senate","Ladies Relief Hospital  (Lynchburg, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["Caperton, William Gaston (1815-1852)","Hereford, Frank, 1825-1891","Hereford, Alice Beulah.","Caperton, John.","Caperton, Isabel.","Alexander, Harriette Boswell.","Edgar, Thomas.","Caperton, William Gaston.","Stoddard, Katherine Hereford.","West Virginia and Regional History Center","United States. Congress. Senate","Ladies Relief Hospital  (Lynchburg, Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. 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For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_c1fb74c8efaf27a30715b943b6c25fcb\"\u003eCorrespondence and miscellaneous papers of: a Monroe County, West Virginia, farmer and politician; his wife, Harriette Boswell Alexander; their daughters, Isabel and Alice Beulah; Alice's husband, Frank Hereford, U.S. senator from West Virginia; and his daughter, Katherine Hereford Stoddard. There is one folder of business papers, 1820-1841, of Thomas Edgar; a few letters from Caperton's son, John, while a cadet at the Camp of Instruction, Richmond, 1861; a folder of letters concerning Isabel's trips through the American West, the British Isles, and Europe; and a folder on family genealogy. Subjects include mid-nineteenth century life in Union, Monroe County; the excitement in Virginia following John Brown's raid; Washington, D.C., and the slavery controversy, 1860; the secession crisis in Virginia; impressment of material in Monroe County by Union troops; the effect of the war on the social and economic life of Richmond; work of the Ladies Relief Hospital in Lynchburg; and the aftermath of war in Virginia.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Correspondence and miscellaneous papers of: a Monroe County, West Virginia, farmer and politician; his wife, Harriette Boswell Alexander; their daughters, Isabel and Alice Beulah; Alice's husband, Frank Hereford, U.S. senator from West Virginia; and his daughter, Katherine Hereford Stoddard. There is one folder of business papers, 1820-1841, of Thomas Edgar; a few letters from Caperton's son, John, while a cadet at the Camp of Instruction, Richmond, 1861; a folder of letters concerning Isabel's trips through the American West, the British Isles, and Europe; and a folder on family genealogy. Subjects include mid-nineteenth century life in Union, Monroe County; the excitement in Virginia following John Brown's raid; Washington, D.C., and the slavery controversy, 1860; the secession crisis in Virginia; impressment of material in Monroe County by Union troops; the effect of the war on the social and economic life of Richmond; work of the Ladies Relief Hospital in Lynchburg; and the aftermath of war in Virginia."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_fad80df6168f607b603c445f8a896989\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","United States. Congress. Senate","Ladies Relief Hospital  (Lynchburg, Va.)"],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Congress. 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Papers also include typescript essays on American history, the Constitution, and slavery, written circa 1927 and a typed copy of a letter of J.J. Phillips of Lantz, 18 July 1931, concerning the removal of Confederate remains from the Rich Mountain Battlefield.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2386#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2386","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2386","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2386","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2386","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_2386.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/196452","title_ssm":["William G. Brown (1800-1884) Papers"],"title_tesim":["William G. Brown (1800-1884) Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1789, 1823-1931","1843-1880"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1789, 1823-1931"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1843-1880"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1789/1931, bulk 1843/1880"],"normalized_title_ssm":["William G. Brown (1800-1884) Papers, 1789/1931, bulk 1843/1880"],"text":["William G. Brown (1800-1884) Papers, 1789/1931, bulk 1843/1880","A\u0026M 0015","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2386","Monongalia County (W. Va.)","Preston County (W. Va.)","Rich Mountain (Randolph County, W. Va.)","Civil War battles - Rich Mountain.","No special access restriction applies.","William G. Brown (1800-1884) of Kingwood, West Virginia, was an attorney; member of the Virginia Assembly in the 1830s and 1840s; and a member of Congress from Virginia from 1845 to 1849 and West Virginia from 1861 to 1865.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","William G. Brown (1800-1884) of Kingwood, West Virginia, was an attorney; member of the Virginia Assembly in the 1830s and 1840s; and a member of Congress from Virginia from 1845 to 1849 and West Virginia from 1861 to 1865. Chiefly contains deeds, plats, surveys, and other papers related to Brown's land in Preston and Monongalia counties, West Virginia, from 1860 to 1874 and items from Brown's law office concerning deeds, wills, and financial transactions from 1870 to 1883. A ledger book from Brown records the sale of dry goods items, chiefly food such as bacon, wheat flour, corn, coffee, meat, and tobacco, and notes the cost of items, debts, and account settled. Papers also include typescript essays on American history, the Constitution, and slavery, written circa 1927 and a typed copy of a letter of J.J. Phillips of Lantz, 18 July 1931, concerning the removal of Confederate remains from the Rich Mountain Battlefield.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Brown, William G.  (William Gay), 1800-1884","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["William G. Brown (1800-1884) Papers, 1789/1931, bulk 1843/1880"],"collection_ssim":["William G. 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Brown (1800-1884) of Kingwood, West Virginia, was an attorney; member of the Virginia Assembly in the 1830s and 1840s; and a member of Congress from Virginia from 1845 to 1849 and West Virginia from 1861 to 1865.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["William G. Brown (1800-1884) of Kingwood, West Virginia, was an attorney; member of the Virginia Assembly in the 1830s and 1840s; and a member of Congress from Virginia from 1845 to 1849 and West Virginia from 1861 to 1865."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], William G. Brown (1800-1884) Papers, A\u0026amp;M 0015, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], William G. Brown (1800-1884) Papers, A\u0026M 0015, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e0e7dee83c1bc7abf26ae55f6b33b3ca\"\u003eWilliam G. Brown (1800-1884) of Kingwood, West Virginia, was an attorney; member of the Virginia Assembly in the 1830s and 1840s; and a member of Congress from Virginia from 1845 to 1849 and West Virginia from 1861 to 1865. Chiefly contains deeds, plats, surveys, and other papers related to Brown's land in Preston and Monongalia counties, West Virginia, from 1860 to 1874 and items from Brown's law office concerning deeds, wills, and financial transactions from 1870 to 1883. A ledger book from Brown records the sale of dry goods items, chiefly food such as bacon, wheat flour, corn, coffee, meat, and tobacco, and notes the cost of items, debts, and account settled. Papers also include typescript essays on American history, the Constitution, and slavery, written circa 1927 and a typed copy of a letter of J.J. Phillips of Lantz, 18 July 1931, concerning the removal of Confederate remains from the Rich Mountain Battlefield.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["William G. Brown (1800-1884) of Kingwood, West Virginia, was an attorney; member of the Virginia Assembly in the 1830s and 1840s; and a member of Congress from Virginia from 1845 to 1849 and West Virginia from 1861 to 1865. Chiefly contains deeds, plats, surveys, and other papers related to Brown's land in Preston and Monongalia counties, West Virginia, from 1860 to 1874 and items from Brown's law office concerning deeds, wills, and financial transactions from 1870 to 1883. A ledger book from Brown records the sale of dry goods items, chiefly food such as bacon, wheat flour, corn, coffee, meat, and tobacco, and notes the cost of items, debts, and account settled. Papers also include typescript essays on American history, the Constitution, and slavery, written circa 1927 and a typed copy of a letter of J.J. Phillips of Lantz, 18 July 1931, concerning the removal of Confederate remains from the Rich Mountain Battlefield."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_d07ffe902ca7c3826607faacf487e290\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"persname_ssim":["Brown, William G.  (William Gay), 1800-1884"],"names_coll_ssim":["Brown, William G.  (William Gay), 1800-1884"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Brown, William G.  (William Gay), 1800-1884"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T23:08:46.649Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2386","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2386","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2386","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2386","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_2386.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/196452","title_ssm":["William G. Brown (1800-1884) Papers"],"title_tesim":["William G. Brown (1800-1884) Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1789, 1823-1931","1843-1880"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1789, 1823-1931"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1843-1880"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1789/1931, bulk 1843/1880"],"normalized_title_ssm":["William G. Brown (1800-1884) Papers, 1789/1931, bulk 1843/1880"],"text":["William G. Brown (1800-1884) Papers, 1789/1931, bulk 1843/1880","A\u0026M 0015","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2386","Monongalia County (W. Va.)","Preston County (W. Va.)","Rich Mountain (Randolph County, W. Va.)","Civil War battles - Rich Mountain.","No special access restriction applies.","William G. Brown (1800-1884) of Kingwood, West Virginia, was an attorney; member of the Virginia Assembly in the 1830s and 1840s; and a member of Congress from Virginia from 1845 to 1849 and West Virginia from 1861 to 1865.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","William G. Brown (1800-1884) of Kingwood, West Virginia, was an attorney; member of the Virginia Assembly in the 1830s and 1840s; and a member of Congress from Virginia from 1845 to 1849 and West Virginia from 1861 to 1865. Chiefly contains deeds, plats, surveys, and other papers related to Brown's land in Preston and Monongalia counties, West Virginia, from 1860 to 1874 and items from Brown's law office concerning deeds, wills, and financial transactions from 1870 to 1883. A ledger book from Brown records the sale of dry goods items, chiefly food such as bacon, wheat flour, corn, coffee, meat, and tobacco, and notes the cost of items, debts, and account settled. Papers also include typescript essays on American history, the Constitution, and slavery, written circa 1927 and a typed copy of a letter of J.J. Phillips of Lantz, 18 July 1931, concerning the removal of Confederate remains from the Rich Mountain Battlefield.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Brown, William G.  (William Gay), 1800-1884","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["William G. Brown (1800-1884) Papers, 1789/1931, bulk 1843/1880"],"collection_ssim":["William G. 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Va.)","Rich Mountain (Randolph County, W. Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Brown, William G.  (William Gay), 1800-1884"],"creator_ssim":["Brown, William G.  (William Gay), 1800-1884"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Brown, William G.  (William Gay), 1800-1884"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"creators_ssim":["Brown, William G.  (William Gay), 1800-1884","West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil War battles - Rich Mountain."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil War battles - Rich Mountain."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.5 Linear Feet 4 1/2 in. (1 flat box, 3 in.); (1 wrapped volume)"],"extent_tesim":["0.5 Linear Feet 4 1/2 in. (1 flat box, 3 in.); (1 wrapped volume)"],"date_range_isim":[1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilliam G. Brown (1800-1884) of Kingwood, West Virginia, was an attorney; member of the Virginia Assembly in the 1830s and 1840s; and a member of Congress from Virginia from 1845 to 1849 and West Virginia from 1861 to 1865.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["William G. Brown (1800-1884) of Kingwood, West Virginia, was an attorney; member of the Virginia Assembly in the 1830s and 1840s; and a member of Congress from Virginia from 1845 to 1849 and West Virginia from 1861 to 1865."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], William G. Brown (1800-1884) Papers, A\u0026amp;M 0015, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], William G. Brown (1800-1884) Papers, A\u0026M 0015, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e0e7dee83c1bc7abf26ae55f6b33b3ca\"\u003eWilliam G. Brown (1800-1884) of Kingwood, West Virginia, was an attorney; member of the Virginia Assembly in the 1830s and 1840s; and a member of Congress from Virginia from 1845 to 1849 and West Virginia from 1861 to 1865. Chiefly contains deeds, plats, surveys, and other papers related to Brown's land in Preston and Monongalia counties, West Virginia, from 1860 to 1874 and items from Brown's law office concerning deeds, wills, and financial transactions from 1870 to 1883. A ledger book from Brown records the sale of dry goods items, chiefly food such as bacon, wheat flour, corn, coffee, meat, and tobacco, and notes the cost of items, debts, and account settled. Papers also include typescript essays on American history, the Constitution, and slavery, written circa 1927 and a typed copy of a letter of J.J. Phillips of Lantz, 18 July 1931, concerning the removal of Confederate remains from the Rich Mountain Battlefield.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["William G. Brown (1800-1884) of Kingwood, West Virginia, was an attorney; member of the Virginia Assembly in the 1830s and 1840s; and a member of Congress from Virginia from 1845 to 1849 and West Virginia from 1861 to 1865. Chiefly contains deeds, plats, surveys, and other papers related to Brown's land in Preston and Monongalia counties, West Virginia, from 1860 to 1874 and items from Brown's law office concerning deeds, wills, and financial transactions from 1870 to 1883. A ledger book from Brown records the sale of dry goods items, chiefly food such as bacon, wheat flour, corn, coffee, meat, and tobacco, and notes the cost of items, debts, and account settled. Papers also include typescript essays on American history, the Constitution, and slavery, written circa 1927 and a typed copy of a letter of J.J. Phillips of Lantz, 18 July 1931, concerning the removal of Confederate remains from the Rich Mountain Battlefield."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_d07ffe902ca7c3826607faacf487e290\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"persname_ssim":["Brown, William G.  (William Gay), 1800-1884"],"names_coll_ssim":["Brown, William G.  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Hale to Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers, 1845/1861","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1222_c03_c06#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1222_c03_c06","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_3_resources_1222_c03_c06"],"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1222_c03_c06","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1222","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1222","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1222_c03","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1222_c03","parent_ssim":["Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers family papers, 1821/1897","Series 3. Anna Maria Mead Chalmers correspondence, 1828/1891"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_3_resources_1222","viu_repositories_3_resources_1222_c03"],"title_filing_ssi":"William G. Hale to Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers","title_ssm":["William G. Hale to Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers"],"title_tesim":["William G. Hale to Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers"],"normalized_title_ssm":["William G. Hale to Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers, 1845/1861"],"text":["William G. Hale to Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers, 1845/1861","Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers family papers, 1821/1897","Series 3. Anna Maria Mead Chalmers correspondence, 1828/1891","box 2","folder 4","English"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers family papers, 1821/1897","Series 3. Anna Maria Mead Chalmers correspondence, 1828/1891"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers family papers, 1821/1897","Series 3. Anna Maria Mead Chalmers correspondence, 1828/1891"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1845/1861"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1845-1861"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":23,"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers family papers, 1821/1897"],"containers_ssim":["box 2","folder 4"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research use."],"language_ssim":["English"],"date_range_isim":[1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#5","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:53:24.943Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1222","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1222","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1222","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1222","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1222.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/136685","title_filing_ssi":"Chalmers, Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead papers","title_ssm":["Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers family papers"],"title_tesim":["Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers family papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1821-1897"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1821-1897"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1821/1897"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers family papers, 1821/1897"],"text":["Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers family papers, 1821/1897","MSS 4966","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1222","United States History Revolution, 1775-1783 Personal narratives","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives","women--education -- Virginia","Enslavers","United States -- History -- War of 1812","University of Virginia -- History","Enslaved laborers","enslaved persons","University of Virginia -- Faculty","letters (correspondence)","human hair","University of Virginia--Students--Correspondence","Fair to good.","The collection is open for research use.","The collection is arranged into fifteen series: 1.William and Sarah Hull papers, 2.Otis Mead Chalmers family correspondence, 3.Anna Maria Mead Chalmers correspondence, 4.Clarke family correspondence, 5. Anna Maria Mead Chalmers business papers, 6. Enslavery, 7. United States Civil War, 8. Financial papers, 9.Diaries and daybooks, 10. Genealogy, 11. Hair collection, 12. Miscellaneous first telegraph of morse code, 13.Photographs 14. Printed items  15.Poetry \u0026 writings","Under Series 1. William and Sarah Hull papers includes letters about  filing a claim in support of General Hull. Information about the claim can also be found throughout the family correspondence in the collection.","Othello Tillo Freeman (1) was enslaved by General William Hull before or at the turn of the nineteenth century. He moved with Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hickman (1787-1847), daughter of General William Hull, from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia in 1838 and continued to be enslaved by the Mead Chalmers family until his death, which may have been in the 1860's. Sam had escaped from an enslaver in Louisiana and worked on the Hull farm for the last thirty years of his life [1800's to 1830's]. Jordan is described as hired out in a letter from Thomas R. Blair dated September 8, 1841.","Anna Maria Chalmers was the granddaughter of General William Hull (1753-1825) who recollects the memories of Tillo and Sam on her grandparents farm. She was a mother of four children and became a businesswoman in Richmond, Virginia. She was a writer, an editor of the Southern Churchmen, an educator and founder of Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies, and a director of The Southern Churchmen Cot (\"Retreat for the Sick\") a hospital for children. She wrote articles for the Boston Home Journal, the New York Tribune, and the Southern Literary Messenger","Her mother was Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hull Hickman and her father was Harris H. Hickman who served as a captain in the War of 1812 and the United States Navy, and died in 1824 in St. Thomas, South America. Her grandparents General William and Sarah Fuller Hull helped raise her in Newton, Massachusetts. She attended William B. Fowle's school in Boston (2) and after her father and grandparents died, she lived with her Uncle Edward and Aunt Maria Campbell, who ran a school in Marietta, Georgia. Her sister Louisa \"Louly\" Hickman Smith was a published poet who died as a young mother aged 21, in 1832 leaving a husband, Samuel Jenks Smith and their two children.","Anna Maria Mead Chalmers survived three husbands, George Alexander Otis (1803-1831), Zachariah Mead (1800-1840), and David Chalmers (1779?-1875?), and had three sons, living during the American Civil War, George Alexander Otis, Jr. (1830-1881) who was a field surgeon in the Massachusetts 27th volunteers and assistant surgeon general of the army,  William Zachariah Mead, (1838-1864) who fought at Murfreesboro and died fighting for the Tennessee Army in the Confederacy in the Battle of Resaca, Georgia, and Edward C. Mead (1837-1908) who traveled to Australia in search of financial independence with a stint in gold digging, and settled on a farm in Keswick, Virginia.","Anna Maria's first husband, George Otis was a young lawyer who died from consumption one year after their marriage in 1831. Their first and only son was Dr. George Alexander Otis. Zachariah Mead, her second husband was a reverend at the Grace Episcopal Church in Cismont, Virginia, an assistant clergyman at Monumental, Saint James's, and Saint John's Episcopal Churches in Richmond and the editor of the Southern Churchmen also in Richmond, Virginia. They had two sons Edward, and William, and a daughter Louisa who died as a child. She married a third time in 1856 to David Chalmers who was a plantation owner in News Ferry, (Halifax) Virginia. He enslaved people, and educated African Americans at his school. The collection does not mention the school by name and no further details were found in the papers.","In 1881, after her son Dr. George Otis died, Mrs. Chalmers moved in with her son Edward Mead on his farm in Keswick. They were close friends with many prominent Charlottesville families including Peter and Frances (\"Fannie\") Meriwether, Frances Poindexter, Rector, and Mrs. Ebenezer Boyd, William Cabell Rives, Franklin Minor, Thomas Walker Gilmer and Elizabeth Anderson Gilmer, and Dr. Mann Page. William Mead attended the University of Virginia and met with many of the University of Virginia's earliest professors including Basil L. Gildersleeve, Gessner Harrison, Socrates Maupin, John Minor, Schele De Vere, James L. Cabell, Frederick George Holmes, and Alfred T. Bledsoe.","Her grandfather, General William Hull was born in Derby, Connecticut in 1753 and moved to Detroit Michigan when his government work which involved the taking of land from indigenous persons led him to become the Governor of the Territory of Michigan and the commander of the Army of the Northwest Territory during the War of 1812. He was appointed by Thomas Jefferson and was a friend of General Lafayette. After being unsuccessful in fighting off the Canadians, (however claiming that the government did not give him the resources to defend Michigan) he was court-martialed by James Madison who later commuted his sentence. (3) He died in 1825 in Newton, Massachusetts. He was married to Sarah Fuller Hull. Their children were Nancy Ann Binney Hickman, Sarah McKesson (1783-1810), Maria Campbell (1788-1845) Abraham Fuller Hull (1786-1814), Rebecca Parker Clarke (1790-1865), Caroline Hull (1793-1824), Julia Knox Wheeler (1799-1842), Eliza McClellan (1784-1864), and Cornelia Page.","Sources:","1. Hurd, D. Hamilton. \"History of Middlesex County Massachusetts with Biographical Sketches of Many of Its Pioneers and Prominent Men\" Volume III. Philadelphia:J. W. Lewis and Company. 1890.\nhttps://books.google.com/books?id=mZU6AQAAIAAJ\u0026pg=PA33\u0026lpg=PA33\u0026dq=othello+%22tillo%22+freeman\u0026source=bl\u0026ots=4_Drct_uRZ\u0026sig=ACfU3U21FUtYLt8aQ7PklsGdRfOnEJ09RQ\u0026hl=en\u0026sa=X\u0026ved=2ahUKEwjRqtK1sYr5AhV0EFkFHRYkAg0Q6AF6BAgdEAM#v=onepage\u0026q=othello%20%22tillo%22%20freeman\u0026f=false","2.\tDuval, Maria Pendleton. \"The Lengthened Shadow of a Woman\" Richmond Times Dispatch. August 10, 1913 (Description of Anna Maria Mead Chalmers education in William B. Fowle's school as being the best in Boston and Mrs Chalmer's school as being up to the standards of Harvard) From the collection.","3.\t\"William Hull\" Detroit Historical Society. Detroit Encyclopedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. \nhttps://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/hull-william","Other articles of interest \nMartin, Susan. \"The Unstoppable Anna Maria Mead Chalmers\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. June 7, 2022. https://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2015/03/the-unstoppable-anna-maria-mead-chalmers/","The papers of Anna Maria (Campbell Hickman) Otis Mead Chalmers (1809-1891) and her family offer a deep look into a 19th century American family with a sharp focus on enslaved and formerly enslaved persons. The collection documents the life of a young, widowed woman, Anna Maria Mead Chalmers, who was the granddaughter of General William Hull (1753-1825). She was a mother of four children and became a businesswoman in Richmond, Virginia. She was a writer, an editor of the Southern Churchmen, an educator and founder of Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies, and a director of The Southern Churchmen Cot (\"Retreat for the Sick\"), a hospital for children. Anna Maria's family enslaved people who are represented in the papers including Othello \"Tillo\" Freeman (1790's-1860's?). It includes a letter from William written in [1875], who was their carriage driver, and letters about Sam the fiddler, who settled on the farm after escaping harsher enslavement in Louisianna, and Jordan who was described as being hired out in a letter dated September 8, 1841 from Thomas R. Blair.","In the correspondence of the Mead-Chalmers family, are letters describing Othello Tillo Freeman. There is also a will of Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hull Hickman (1787-1847), mother of Anna Maria Chalmers, that left a stipulation providing room and board for Tillo.","Letters also show that the family inquired about slave laws for travelling so that they could bring Tillo with them when they moved from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia in 1838. The family is characterized as being kind to enslaved persons by providing for them and educating them however this description does not take into consideration that they never had the opportunities that existed for free white men.","There is also a leather-bound account book with the first names of enslaved persons.  It is not clear who owns the book or the location of the enslaved persons, but it has an extensive list of first names and dates from 1767 to 1845. Also included in the account book are records for horses and business transactions.","The letters from William C. Mead (son of Anna Maria Chalmers) and his friends and family describe skirmishes and battles in the Civil War including Murfreesboro, Tennessee and Resaca, Georgia. Included in the collection are letters about succession and anxiety about the conflict between the states. Also included is a carte de visite of Lieutenant William Mead, n.d.; a testimony to the gallantry of William L. Mead signed by J.E.B. Stuart; an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy; a map of Chattanooga \u0026 Environs November 15, 1863; a notice that William Z. Mead has been appointed 1st Lieutenant, 1st Battalion Sharp Shooters; a pass allowing Mrs. Anna Maria Chambers to cross the lines with a hat box and carpet bag; and a memorandum sent to General Joseph Wheeler, concerning  personal items taken from the body of Lieutenant William Mead following his death at Resaca, Georgia in 1864.","William Mead graduated from the University of Virginia in 1857 before the Civil War began. The collection has many references to Charlottesville and the University of Virginia, including comments about university professors Basil L. Gildersleeve, Gessner Harrison, Socrates Maupin, John Minor, Schele De Vere, James L. Cabell, Frederick George Holmes, and Alfred T. Bledsoe. Charlottesville families include Peter and Frances (\"Fannie\") Meriwether, Frances Poindexter, Rector, and Mrs. Ebenezer Boyd, William Cabell Rives, Franklin Minor, Thomas Walker Gilmer and Elizabeth Anderson Gilmer, and Dr. Mann Page.","Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers was extraordinary in having been as well educated as any man in Boston (1) and was able to share her knowledge with other privileged young white girls through her school, including Amélie Rives Troubetzkoy, the famous writer.The collection includes examination questions,correspondence about the school and a newspaper article in the  The Richmond Times Dispatch dated August 10, 1913 describing Mrs. Mead Chalmers. There are also handwritten poems, short stories, and miscellaneous writings in the collection, including an essay on \"Virginia Before and After the Civil War.\"","The collection also includes correspondence from Anna Maria Mead Chalmer's cousins, Samuel Clarke,James Freeman Clarke (1810-1888) and his sister, Sarah Ann Freeman Clarke (1808-1896). Sarah Clarke was a landscape artist, a world traveler, and a member of the transcendentalist movement.(2) James Clarke was an American theologian, author, and abolitionist.(3) Mrs. Mead Chalmers and her cousins were friends with literary authors including Edgar Allan Poe, Nathaniel P. Willis, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Oliver Wendell Holmes.The letters refer to these individuals but there is no correspondence with them.","Unrelated to anything else in the collection, is a miscellaneous item which is a specimen of the first telegraphic writing made on the first telegraph in this country by Professor Morse in 1847.","Also of interest in the collection are letters about General William Hull (1753-1825) who fought in the American Revolutionary War and the War of 1812. His work with the government involved taking land from indigenous persons. In the end, he was charged by the government of not properly defending Detroit in the War of 1812, but President James Madison commuted his sentence.(4) For years, the family and descendants refuted the charges and filed a claim to receive his backpay. In contrast to General Hull's work with the government, is a newspaper clipping of a sermon by Bishop Henry Benjamin Whipple (1822-1901) printed in 1876 which displays Whipple's outrage at the United States government for taking lands from indigenous persons.","From the taking away of the  lands of indigenous persons, to enslavement of African Americans, to a widowed woman trying to earn a living in the nineteenth century, with history about the War of 1812 and the American Civil War, as well as politics, religion, transcendentalism, local Charlottesville history and professors at the University of Virginia, this is a collection of letters rich in history that shows the inner workings of government, society, and people and its effects on everyday life. Collections like these help us to envision our collective past and broaden our perspective on our history and our future. This one is worth a deep dive into the history of the nineteenth century locally and nationally.","Sources:","1. Duval, Maria Pendleton. \"The Lengthened Shadow of a Woman\" Richmond Times Dispatch. August 10, 1913 (Description of Anna Maria Mead Chalmers education in William B. Fowle's school as being the best in Boston and Mrs Chalmer's school as being up to the standards of Harvard)","2. Maas, Judith. \"Sarah Freeman Clarke: Artist, Traveler, Diarist\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. November 21, 2019  \nhttps://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2019/11/sarah-freeman-clarke-artist-traveler-diarist/","3.\"James Freeman Clarke.\" Wikipedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Freeman_Clarke","4. \"William Hull\" Detroit Historical Society. Detroit Encyclopedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/hull-william","Other articles of interest \nMartin, Susan. \"The Unstoppable Anna Maria Mead Chalmers\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. June 7, 2022. https://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2015/03/the-unstoppable-anna-maria-mead-chalmers/","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers family papers, 1821/1897"],"collection_ssim":["Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers family papers, 1821/1897"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 4966","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival 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Virginia","Enslavers","United States -- History -- War of 1812","University of Virginia -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["United States History Revolution, 1775-1783 Personal narratives","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives","women--education -- Virginia","Enslavers","United States -- History -- War of 1812","University of Virginia -- History"],"places_ssim":["United States History Revolution, 1775-1783 Personal narratives","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives","women--education -- Virginia","Enslavers","United States -- History -- War of 1812","University of Virginia -- History"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Part of this collection was a deposit from Ernest C. Mead on January 5, 1955 which became a gift in 1998, another gift from Ernest C. Mead on January 30, 2007, and in 2020. There was an additional gift from James Blizzard Mead on September 27, 2012 to the Small Special Collections library at the University of Virginia."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Enslaved laborers","enslaved persons","University of Virginia -- Faculty","letters (correspondence)","human hair","University of Virginia--Students--Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Enslaved laborers","enslaved persons","University of Virginia -- Faculty","letters (correspondence)","human hair","University of Virginia--Students--Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"physdesc_tesim":["Fair to good."],"extent_ssm":["4.5 Cubic Feet 9 document boxes"],"extent_tesim":["4.5 Cubic Feet 9 document boxes"],"physfacet_tesim":["9 legal size document boxes, 2 oversize documents and one oversize account book. (and 3 flat boxes in original collection)."],"genreform_ssim":["letters (correspondence)","human hair","University of Virginia--Students--Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into fifteen series: 1.William and Sarah Hull papers, 2.Otis Mead Chalmers family correspondence, 3.Anna Maria Mead Chalmers correspondence, 4.Clarke family correspondence, 5. Anna Maria Mead Chalmers business papers, 6. Enslavery, 7. United States Civil War, 8. Financial papers, 9.Diaries and daybooks, 10. Genealogy, 11. Hair collection, 12. Miscellaneous first telegraph of morse code, 13.Photographs 14. Printed items  15.Poetry \u0026amp; writings\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUnder Series 1. William and Sarah Hull papers includes letters about  filing a claim in support of General Hull. Information about the claim can also be found throughout the family correspondence in the collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into fifteen series: 1.William and Sarah Hull papers, 2.Otis Mead Chalmers family correspondence, 3.Anna Maria Mead Chalmers correspondence, 4.Clarke family correspondence, 5. Anna Maria Mead Chalmers business papers, 6. Enslavery, 7. United States Civil War, 8. Financial papers, 9.Diaries and daybooks, 10. Genealogy, 11. Hair collection, 12. Miscellaneous first telegraph of morse code, 13.Photographs 14. Printed items  15.Poetry \u0026 writings","Under Series 1. William and Sarah Hull papers includes letters about  filing a claim in support of General Hull. Information about the claim can also be found throughout the family correspondence in the collection."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOthello Tillo Freeman (1) was enslaved by General William Hull before or at the turn of the nineteenth century. He moved with Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hickman (1787-1847), daughter of General William Hull, from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia in 1838 and continued to be enslaved by the Mead Chalmers family until his death, which may have been in the 1860's. Sam had escaped from an enslaver in Louisiana and worked on the Hull farm for the last thirty years of his life [1800's to 1830's]. Jordan is described as hired out in a letter from Thomas R. Blair dated September 8, 1841. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAnna Maria Chalmers was the granddaughter of General William Hull (1753-1825) who recollects the memories of Tillo and Sam on her grandparents farm. She was a mother of four children and became a businesswoman in Richmond, Virginia. She was a writer, an editor of the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSouthern Churchmen\u003c/emph\u003e, an educator and founder of Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies, and a director of The Southern Churchmen Cot (\"Retreat for the Sick\") a hospital for children. She wrote articles for the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBoston Home Journal\u003c/emph\u003e, the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eNew York Tribune\u003c/emph\u003e, and the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSouthern Literary Messenger\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHer mother was Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hull Hickman and her father was Harris H. Hickman who served as a captain in the War of 1812 and the United States Navy, and died in 1824 in St. Thomas, South America. Her grandparents General William and Sarah Fuller Hull helped raise her in Newton, Massachusetts. She attended William B. Fowle's school in Boston (2) and after her father and grandparents died, she lived with her Uncle Edward and Aunt Maria Campbell, who ran a school in Marietta, Georgia. Her sister Louisa \"Louly\" Hickman Smith was a published poet who died as a young mother aged 21, in 1832 leaving a husband, Samuel Jenks Smith and their two children. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAnna Maria Mead Chalmers survived three husbands, George Alexander Otis (1803-1831), Zachariah Mead (1800-1840), and David Chalmers (1779?-1875?), and had three sons, living during the American Civil War, George Alexander Otis, Jr. (1830-1881) who was a field surgeon in the Massachusetts 27th volunteers and assistant surgeon general of the army,  William Zachariah Mead, (1838-1864) who fought at Murfreesboro and died fighting for the Tennessee Army in the Confederacy in the Battle of Resaca, Georgia, and Edward C. Mead (1837-1908) who traveled to Australia in search of financial independence with a stint in gold digging, and settled on a farm in Keswick, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAnna Maria's first husband, George Otis was a young lawyer who died from consumption one year after their marriage in 1831. Their first and only son was Dr. George Alexander Otis. Zachariah Mead, her second husband was a reverend at the Grace Episcopal Church in Cismont, Virginia, an assistant clergyman at Monumental, Saint James's, and Saint John's Episcopal Churches in Richmond and the editor of the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSouthern Churchmen\u003c/emph\u003e also in Richmond, Virginia. They had two sons Edward, and William, and a daughter Louisa who died as a child. She married a third time in 1856 to David Chalmers who was a plantation owner in News Ferry, (Halifax) Virginia. He enslaved people, and educated African Americans at his school. The collection does not mention the school by name and no further details were found in the papers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1881, after her son Dr. George Otis died, Mrs. Chalmers moved in with her son Edward Mead on his farm in Keswick. They were close friends with many prominent Charlottesville families including Peter and Frances (\"Fannie\") Meriwether, Frances Poindexter, Rector, and Mrs. Ebenezer Boyd, William Cabell Rives, Franklin Minor, Thomas Walker Gilmer and Elizabeth Anderson Gilmer, and Dr. Mann Page. William Mead attended the University of Virginia and met with many of the University of Virginia's earliest professors including Basil L. Gildersleeve, Gessner Harrison, Socrates Maupin, John Minor, Schele De Vere, James L. Cabell, Frederick George Holmes, and Alfred T. Bledsoe.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHer grandfather, General William Hull was born in Derby, Connecticut in 1753 and moved to Detroit Michigan when his government work which involved the taking of land from indigenous persons led him to become the Governor of the Territory of Michigan and the commander of the Army of the Northwest Territory during the War of 1812. He was appointed by Thomas Jefferson and was a friend of General Lafayette. After being unsuccessful in fighting off the Canadians, (however claiming that the government did not give him the resources to defend Michigan) he was court-martialed by James Madison who later commuted his sentence. (3) He died in 1825 in Newton, Massachusetts. He was married to Sarah Fuller Hull. Their children were Nancy Ann Binney Hickman, Sarah McKesson (1783-1810), Maria Campbell (1788-1845) Abraham Fuller Hull (1786-1814), Rebecca Parker Clarke (1790-1865), Caroline Hull (1793-1824), Julia Knox Wheeler (1799-1842), Eliza McClellan (1784-1864), and Cornelia Page.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSources:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1. Hurd, D. Hamilton. \"History of Middlesex County Massachusetts with Biographical Sketches of Many of Its Pioneers and Prominent Men\" Volume III. Philadelphia:J. W. Lewis and Company. 1890.\nhttps://books.google.com/books?id=mZU6AQAAIAAJ\u0026amp;pg=PA33\u0026amp;lpg=PA33\u0026amp;dq=othello+%22tillo%22+freeman\u0026amp;source=bl\u0026amp;ots=4_Drct_uRZ\u0026amp;sig=ACfU3U21FUtYLt8aQ7PklsGdRfOnEJ09RQ\u0026amp;hl=en\u0026amp;sa=X\u0026amp;ved=2ahUKEwjRqtK1sYr5AhV0EFkFHRYkAg0Q6AF6BAgdEAM#v=onepage\u0026amp;q=othello%20%22tillo%22%20freeman\u0026amp;f=false\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n2.\tDuval, Maria Pendleton. \"The Lengthened Shadow of a Woman\" Richmond Times Dispatch. August 10, 1913 (Description of Anna Maria Mead Chalmers education in William B. Fowle's school as being the best in Boston and Mrs Chalmer's school as being up to the standards of Harvard) From the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n3.\t\"William Hull\" Detroit Historical Society. Detroit Encyclopedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. \nhttps://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/hull-william\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nOther articles of interest \nMartin, Susan. \"The Unstoppable Anna Maria Mead Chalmers\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. June 7, 2022. https://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2015/03/the-unstoppable-anna-maria-mead-chalmers/\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Othello Tillo Freeman (1) was enslaved by General William Hull before or at the turn of the nineteenth century. He moved with Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hickman (1787-1847), daughter of General William Hull, from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia in 1838 and continued to be enslaved by the Mead Chalmers family until his death, which may have been in the 1860's. Sam had escaped from an enslaver in Louisiana and worked on the Hull farm for the last thirty years of his life [1800's to 1830's]. Jordan is described as hired out in a letter from Thomas R. Blair dated September 8, 1841.","Anna Maria Chalmers was the granddaughter of General William Hull (1753-1825) who recollects the memories of Tillo and Sam on her grandparents farm. She was a mother of four children and became a businesswoman in Richmond, Virginia. She was a writer, an editor of the Southern Churchmen, an educator and founder of Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies, and a director of The Southern Churchmen Cot (\"Retreat for the Sick\") a hospital for children. She wrote articles for the Boston Home Journal, the New York Tribune, and the Southern Literary Messenger","Her mother was Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hull Hickman and her father was Harris H. Hickman who served as a captain in the War of 1812 and the United States Navy, and died in 1824 in St. Thomas, South America. Her grandparents General William and Sarah Fuller Hull helped raise her in Newton, Massachusetts. She attended William B. Fowle's school in Boston (2) and after her father and grandparents died, she lived with her Uncle Edward and Aunt Maria Campbell, who ran a school in Marietta, Georgia. Her sister Louisa \"Louly\" Hickman Smith was a published poet who died as a young mother aged 21, in 1832 leaving a husband, Samuel Jenks Smith and their two children.","Anna Maria Mead Chalmers survived three husbands, George Alexander Otis (1803-1831), Zachariah Mead (1800-1840), and David Chalmers (1779?-1875?), and had three sons, living during the American Civil War, George Alexander Otis, Jr. (1830-1881) who was a field surgeon in the Massachusetts 27th volunteers and assistant surgeon general of the army,  William Zachariah Mead, (1838-1864) who fought at Murfreesboro and died fighting for the Tennessee Army in the Confederacy in the Battle of Resaca, Georgia, and Edward C. Mead (1837-1908) who traveled to Australia in search of financial independence with a stint in gold digging, and settled on a farm in Keswick, Virginia.","Anna Maria's first husband, George Otis was a young lawyer who died from consumption one year after their marriage in 1831. Their first and only son was Dr. George Alexander Otis. Zachariah Mead, her second husband was a reverend at the Grace Episcopal Church in Cismont, Virginia, an assistant clergyman at Monumental, Saint James's, and Saint John's Episcopal Churches in Richmond and the editor of the Southern Churchmen also in Richmond, Virginia. They had two sons Edward, and William, and a daughter Louisa who died as a child. She married a third time in 1856 to David Chalmers who was a plantation owner in News Ferry, (Halifax) Virginia. He enslaved people, and educated African Americans at his school. The collection does not mention the school by name and no further details were found in the papers.","In 1881, after her son Dr. George Otis died, Mrs. Chalmers moved in with her son Edward Mead on his farm in Keswick. They were close friends with many prominent Charlottesville families including Peter and Frances (\"Fannie\") Meriwether, Frances Poindexter, Rector, and Mrs. Ebenezer Boyd, William Cabell Rives, Franklin Minor, Thomas Walker Gilmer and Elizabeth Anderson Gilmer, and Dr. Mann Page. William Mead attended the University of Virginia and met with many of the University of Virginia's earliest professors including Basil L. Gildersleeve, Gessner Harrison, Socrates Maupin, John Minor, Schele De Vere, James L. Cabell, Frederick George Holmes, and Alfred T. Bledsoe.","Her grandfather, General William Hull was born in Derby, Connecticut in 1753 and moved to Detroit Michigan when his government work which involved the taking of land from indigenous persons led him to become the Governor of the Territory of Michigan and the commander of the Army of the Northwest Territory during the War of 1812. He was appointed by Thomas Jefferson and was a friend of General Lafayette. After being unsuccessful in fighting off the Canadians, (however claiming that the government did not give him the resources to defend Michigan) he was court-martialed by James Madison who later commuted his sentence. (3) He died in 1825 in Newton, Massachusetts. He was married to Sarah Fuller Hull. Their children were Nancy Ann Binney Hickman, Sarah McKesson (1783-1810), Maria Campbell (1788-1845) Abraham Fuller Hull (1786-1814), Rebecca Parker Clarke (1790-1865), Caroline Hull (1793-1824), Julia Knox Wheeler (1799-1842), Eliza McClellan (1784-1864), and Cornelia Page.","Sources:","1. Hurd, D. Hamilton. \"History of Middlesex County Massachusetts with Biographical Sketches of Many of Its Pioneers and Prominent Men\" Volume III. Philadelphia:J. W. Lewis and Company. 1890.\nhttps://books.google.com/books?id=mZU6AQAAIAAJ\u0026pg=PA33\u0026lpg=PA33\u0026dq=othello+%22tillo%22+freeman\u0026source=bl\u0026ots=4_Drct_uRZ\u0026sig=ACfU3U21FUtYLt8aQ7PklsGdRfOnEJ09RQ\u0026hl=en\u0026sa=X\u0026ved=2ahUKEwjRqtK1sYr5AhV0EFkFHRYkAg0Q6AF6BAgdEAM#v=onepage\u0026q=othello%20%22tillo%22%20freeman\u0026f=false","2.\tDuval, Maria Pendleton. \"The Lengthened Shadow of a Woman\" Richmond Times Dispatch. August 10, 1913 (Description of Anna Maria Mead Chalmers education in William B. Fowle's school as being the best in Boston and Mrs Chalmer's school as being up to the standards of Harvard) From the collection.","3.\t\"William Hull\" Detroit Historical Society. Detroit Encyclopedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. \nhttps://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/hull-william","Other articles of interest \nMartin, Susan. \"The Unstoppable Anna Maria Mead Chalmers\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. June 7, 2022. https://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2015/03/the-unstoppable-anna-maria-mead-chalmers/"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 4966, Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 4966, Anna Maria Hickman Otis Mead Chalmers papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers of Anna Maria (Campbell Hickman) Otis Mead Chalmers (1809-1891) and her family offer a deep look into a 19th century American family with a sharp focus on enslaved and formerly enslaved persons. The collection documents the life of a young, widowed woman, Anna Maria Mead Chalmers, who was the granddaughter of General William Hull (1753-1825). She was a mother of four children and became a businesswoman in Richmond, Virginia. She was a writer, an editor of the Southern Churchmen, an educator and founder of Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies, and a director of The Southern Churchmen Cot (\"Retreat for the Sick\"), a hospital for children. Anna Maria's family enslaved people who are represented in the papers including Othello \"Tillo\" Freeman (1790's-1860's?). It includes a letter from William written in [1875], who was their carriage driver, and letters about Sam the fiddler, who settled on the farm after escaping harsher enslavement in Louisianna, and Jordan who was described as being hired out in a letter dated September 8, 1841 from Thomas R. Blair.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the correspondence of the Mead-Chalmers family, are letters describing Othello Tillo Freeman. There is also a will of Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hull Hickman (1787-1847), mother of Anna Maria Chalmers, that left a stipulation providing room and board for Tillo. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters also show that the family inquired about slave laws for travelling so that they could bring Tillo with them when they moved from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia in 1838. The family is characterized as being kind to enslaved persons by providing for them and educating them however this description does not take into consideration that they never had the opportunities that existed for free white men. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is also a leather-bound account book with the first names of enslaved persons.  It is not clear who owns the book or the location of the enslaved persons, but it has an extensive list of first names and dates from 1767 to 1845. Also included in the account book are records for horses and business transactions. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The letters from William C. Mead (son of Anna Maria Chalmers) and his friends and family describe skirmishes and battles in the Civil War including Murfreesboro, Tennessee and Resaca, Georgia. Included in the collection are letters about succession and anxiety about the conflict between the states. Also included is a carte de visite of Lieutenant William Mead, n.d.; a testimony to the gallantry of William L. Mead signed by J.E.B. Stuart; an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy; a map of Chattanooga \u0026amp; Environs November 15, 1863; a notice that William Z. Mead has been appointed 1st Lieutenant, 1st Battalion Sharp Shooters; a pass allowing Mrs. Anna Maria Chambers to cross the lines with a hat box and carpet bag; and a memorandum sent to General Joseph Wheeler, concerning  personal items taken from the body of Lieutenant William Mead following his death at Resaca, Georgia in 1864.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam Mead graduated from the University of Virginia in 1857 before the Civil War began. The collection has many references to Charlottesville and the University of Virginia, including comments about university professors Basil L. Gildersleeve, Gessner Harrison, Socrates Maupin, John Minor, Schele De Vere, James L. Cabell, Frederick George Holmes, and Alfred T. Bledsoe. Charlottesville families include Peter and Frances (\"Fannie\") Meriwether, Frances Poindexter, Rector, and Mrs. Ebenezer Boyd, William Cabell Rives, Franklin Minor, Thomas Walker Gilmer and Elizabeth Anderson Gilmer, and Dr. Mann Page.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAnna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers was extraordinary in having been as well educated as any man in Boston (1) and was able to share her knowledge with other privileged young white girls through her school, including Amélie Rives Troubetzkoy, the famous writer.The collection includes examination questions,correspondence about the school and a newspaper article in the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003e The Richmond Times Dispatch\u003c/emph\u003e dated August 10, 1913 describing Mrs. Mead Chalmers. There are also handwritten poems, short stories, and miscellaneous writings in the collection, including an essay on \"Virginia Before and After the Civil War.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also includes correspondence from Anna Maria Mead Chalmer's cousins, Samuel Clarke,James Freeman Clarke (1810-1888) and his sister, Sarah Ann Freeman Clarke (1808-1896). Sarah Clarke was a landscape artist, a world traveler, and a member of the transcendentalist movement.(2) James Clarke was an American theologian, author, and abolitionist.(3) Mrs. Mead Chalmers and her cousins were friends with literary authors including Edgar Allan Poe, Nathaniel P. Willis, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Oliver Wendell Holmes.The letters refer to these individuals but there is no correspondence with them.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUnrelated to anything else in the collection, is a miscellaneous item which is a specimen of the first telegraphic writing made on the first telegraph in this country by Professor Morse in 1847.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nAlso of interest in the collection are letters about General William Hull (1753-1825) who fought in the American Revolutionary War and the War of 1812. His work with the government involved taking land from indigenous persons. In the end, he was charged by the government of not properly defending Detroit in the War of 1812, but President James Madison commuted his sentence.(4) For years, the family and descendants refuted the charges and filed a claim to receive his backpay. In contrast to General Hull's work with the government, is a newspaper clipping of a sermon by Bishop Henry Benjamin Whipple (1822-1901) printed in 1876 which displays Whipple's outrage at the United States government for taking lands from indigenous persons.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom the taking away of the  lands of indigenous persons, to enslavement of African Americans, to a widowed woman trying to earn a living in the nineteenth century, with history about the War of 1812 and the American Civil War, as well as politics, religion, transcendentalism, local Charlottesville history and professors at the University of Virginia, this is a collection of letters rich in history that shows the inner workings of government, society, and people and its effects on everyday life. Collections like these help us to envision our collective past and broaden our perspective on our history and our future. This one is worth a deep dive into the history of the nineteenth century locally and nationally.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSources:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1. Duval, Maria Pendleton. \"The Lengthened Shadow of a Woman\" Richmond Times Dispatch. August 10, 1913 (Description of Anna Maria Mead Chalmers education in William B. Fowle's school as being the best in Boston and Mrs Chalmer's school as being up to the standards of Harvard) \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2. Maas, Judith. \"Sarah Freeman Clarke: Artist, Traveler, Diarist\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. November 21, 2019  \nhttps://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2019/11/sarah-freeman-clarke-artist-traveler-diarist/ \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3.\"James Freeman Clarke.\" Wikipedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Freeman_Clarke\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n4. \"William Hull\" Detroit Historical Society. Detroit Encyclopedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/hull-william\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nOther articles of interest \nMartin, Susan. \"The Unstoppable Anna Maria Mead Chalmers\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. June 7, 2022. https://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2015/03/the-unstoppable-anna-maria-mead-chalmers/\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The papers of Anna Maria (Campbell Hickman) Otis Mead Chalmers (1809-1891) and her family offer a deep look into a 19th century American family with a sharp focus on enslaved and formerly enslaved persons. The collection documents the life of a young, widowed woman, Anna Maria Mead Chalmers, who was the granddaughter of General William Hull (1753-1825). She was a mother of four children and became a businesswoman in Richmond, Virginia. She was a writer, an editor of the Southern Churchmen, an educator and founder of Mrs. Mead's School for Young Ladies, and a director of The Southern Churchmen Cot (\"Retreat for the Sick\"), a hospital for children. Anna Maria's family enslaved people who are represented in the papers including Othello \"Tillo\" Freeman (1790's-1860's?). It includes a letter from William written in [1875], who was their carriage driver, and letters about Sam the fiddler, who settled on the farm after escaping harsher enslavement in Louisianna, and Jordan who was described as being hired out in a letter dated September 8, 1841 from Thomas R. Blair.","In the correspondence of the Mead-Chalmers family, are letters describing Othello Tillo Freeman. There is also a will of Nancy \"Ann\" Binney Hull Hickman (1787-1847), mother of Anna Maria Chalmers, that left a stipulation providing room and board for Tillo.","Letters also show that the family inquired about slave laws for travelling so that they could bring Tillo with them when they moved from Newton, Massachusetts to Richmond, Virginia in 1838. The family is characterized as being kind to enslaved persons by providing for them and educating them however this description does not take into consideration that they never had the opportunities that existed for free white men.","There is also a leather-bound account book with the first names of enslaved persons.  It is not clear who owns the book or the location of the enslaved persons, but it has an extensive list of first names and dates from 1767 to 1845. Also included in the account book are records for horses and business transactions.","The letters from William C. Mead (son of Anna Maria Chalmers) and his friends and family describe skirmishes and battles in the Civil War including Murfreesboro, Tennessee and Resaca, Georgia. Included in the collection are letters about succession and anxiety about the conflict between the states. Also included is a carte de visite of Lieutenant William Mead, n.d.; a testimony to the gallantry of William L. Mead signed by J.E.B. Stuart; an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy; a map of Chattanooga \u0026 Environs November 15, 1863; a notice that William Z. Mead has been appointed 1st Lieutenant, 1st Battalion Sharp Shooters; a pass allowing Mrs. Anna Maria Chambers to cross the lines with a hat box and carpet bag; and a memorandum sent to General Joseph Wheeler, concerning  personal items taken from the body of Lieutenant William Mead following his death at Resaca, Georgia in 1864.","William Mead graduated from the University of Virginia in 1857 before the Civil War began. The collection has many references to Charlottesville and the University of Virginia, including comments about university professors Basil L. Gildersleeve, Gessner Harrison, Socrates Maupin, John Minor, Schele De Vere, James L. Cabell, Frederick George Holmes, and Alfred T. Bledsoe. Charlottesville families include Peter and Frances (\"Fannie\") Meriwether, Frances Poindexter, Rector, and Mrs. Ebenezer Boyd, William Cabell Rives, Franklin Minor, Thomas Walker Gilmer and Elizabeth Anderson Gilmer, and Dr. Mann Page.","Anna Maria Otis Mead Chalmers was extraordinary in having been as well educated as any man in Boston (1) and was able to share her knowledge with other privileged young white girls through her school, including Amélie Rives Troubetzkoy, the famous writer.The collection includes examination questions,correspondence about the school and a newspaper article in the  The Richmond Times Dispatch dated August 10, 1913 describing Mrs. Mead Chalmers. There are also handwritten poems, short stories, and miscellaneous writings in the collection, including an essay on \"Virginia Before and After the Civil War.\"","The collection also includes correspondence from Anna Maria Mead Chalmer's cousins, Samuel Clarke,James Freeman Clarke (1810-1888) and his sister, Sarah Ann Freeman Clarke (1808-1896). Sarah Clarke was a landscape artist, a world traveler, and a member of the transcendentalist movement.(2) James Clarke was an American theologian, author, and abolitionist.(3) Mrs. Mead Chalmers and her cousins were friends with literary authors including Edgar Allan Poe, Nathaniel P. Willis, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Oliver Wendell Holmes.The letters refer to these individuals but there is no correspondence with them.","Unrelated to anything else in the collection, is a miscellaneous item which is a specimen of the first telegraphic writing made on the first telegraph in this country by Professor Morse in 1847.","Also of interest in the collection are letters about General William Hull (1753-1825) who fought in the American Revolutionary War and the War of 1812. His work with the government involved taking land from indigenous persons. In the end, he was charged by the government of not properly defending Detroit in the War of 1812, but President James Madison commuted his sentence.(4) For years, the family and descendants refuted the charges and filed a claim to receive his backpay. In contrast to General Hull's work with the government, is a newspaper clipping of a sermon by Bishop Henry Benjamin Whipple (1822-1901) printed in 1876 which displays Whipple's outrage at the United States government for taking lands from indigenous persons.","From the taking away of the  lands of indigenous persons, to enslavement of African Americans, to a widowed woman trying to earn a living in the nineteenth century, with history about the War of 1812 and the American Civil War, as well as politics, religion, transcendentalism, local Charlottesville history and professors at the University of Virginia, this is a collection of letters rich in history that shows the inner workings of government, society, and people and its effects on everyday life. Collections like these help us to envision our collective past and broaden our perspective on our history and our future. This one is worth a deep dive into the history of the nineteenth century locally and nationally.","Sources:","1. Duval, Maria Pendleton. \"The Lengthened Shadow of a Woman\" Richmond Times Dispatch. August 10, 1913 (Description of Anna Maria Mead Chalmers education in William B. Fowle's school as being the best in Boston and Mrs Chalmer's school as being up to the standards of Harvard)","2. Maas, Judith. \"Sarah Freeman Clarke: Artist, Traveler, Diarist\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. November 21, 2019  \nhttps://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2019/11/sarah-freeman-clarke-artist-traveler-diarist/","3.\"James Freeman Clarke.\" Wikipedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Freeman_Clarke","4. \"William Hull\" Detroit Historical Society. Detroit Encyclopedia. Accessed June 7, 2022. https://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/hull-william","Other articles of interest \nMartin, Susan. \"The Unstoppable Anna Maria Mead Chalmers\" The Beehive. Massachusetts Historical Society. June 7, 2022. https://www.masshist.org/beehiveblog/2015/03/the-unstoppable-anna-maria-mead-chalmers/"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":140,"online_item_count_is":1,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:53:24.943Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1222_c03_c06"}},{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_349","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"William Gilham papers, 1846/1861","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_349#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Gilham, William, 1818-1872","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_349#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of the papers (21 items) of 19th century VMI faculty member William Gilham, including: \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOfficial Register of the Officers and Cadets of the U. S. Military Academy (June 1841)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA VMI weekly class report (circa 1860)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA dispatch signed by General Robert E. Lee\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCorrespondence, including a letter from Moses Ezekiel (VMI Class of 1866)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePhotographs where the subjects are Robert E. Lee, Gilham and his wife, Libby Prison, and Richmond, Virginia during the Civil War\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInvitations to social events in Lexington, Virginia from the McDowell Family\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_349#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_349","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_349","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_349","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_349","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_349.xml","title_ssm":["William Gilham papers"],"title_tesim":["William Gilham papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1846-1861"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1846-1861"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1846/1861"],"normalized_title_ssm":["William Gilham papers, 1846/1861"],"text":["William Gilham papers, 1846/1861","MS.0267","/repositories/3/resources/349","Libby Prison -- Photographs","Richmond (Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Photographs","Virginia Military Institute—Faculty","Virginia Military Institute—History—19th century","Lexington (Va.) -- Social life and customs","United States Military Academy—History—19th century","Virginia Military Institute—Curricula","Correspondence","Dispatches","There are no restrictions","Selected images from this collection are avaliable online","William Gilham was born in 1818 in Vincennes, Indiana. He graduated from the United States Military Academy Class in 1840. He was a United States Army officer and a VMI faculty member from 1846 to 1864. Gilham died in 1872 in Vermont.","This collection consists of the papers (21 items) of 19th century VMI faculty member William Gilham, including:\n\nOfficial Register of the Officers and Cadets of the U. S. Military Academy (June 1841)\nA VMI weekly class report (circa 1860)\nA dispatch signed by General Robert E. Lee\nCorrespondence, including a letter from Moses Ezekiel (VMI Class of 1866)\nPhotographs where the subjects are Robert E. Lee, Gilham and his wife, Libby Prison, and Richmond, Virginia during the Civil War\nInvitations to social events in Lexington, Virginia from the McDowell Family","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Gilham, William, 1818-1872","Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917","Gilham, Cordelia Hayden","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["William Gilham papers, 1846/1861"],"collection_ssim":["William Gilham papers, 1846/1861"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0267","/repositories/3/resources/349"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0267","/repositories/3/resources/349"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Libby Prison -- Photographs","Richmond (Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Photographs"],"geogname_ssim":["Libby Prison -- Photographs","Richmond (Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Photographs"],"places_ssim":["Libby Prison -- Photographs","Richmond (Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Photographs"],"creator_ssm":["Gilham, William, 1818-1872","Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917"],"creator_ssim":["Gilham, William, 1818-1872","Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Gilham, William, 1818-1872","Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917","Gilham, Cordelia Hayden","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creators_ssim":["Gilham, William, 1818-1872","Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917","Gilham, Cordelia Hayden","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute—Faculty","Virginia Military Institute—History—19th century","Lexington (Va.) -- Social life and customs","United States Military Academy—History—19th century","Virginia Military Institute—Curricula","Correspondence","Dispatches"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute—Faculty","Virginia Military Institute—History—19th century","Lexington (Va.) -- Social life and customs","United States Military Academy—History—19th century","Virginia Military Institute—Curricula","Correspondence","Dispatches"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["21 items"],"extent_tesim":["21 items"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Dispatches"],"date_range_isim":[1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions"],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/search/collection/p15821coll7/field/physic/searchterm/Gilham\"\u003eSelected images from this collection are avaliable online\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Online Access Photographs"],"altformavail_tesim":["Selected images from this collection are avaliable online"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilliam Gilham was born in 1818 in Vincennes, Indiana. He graduated from the United States Military Academy Class in 1840. He was a United States Army officer and a VMI faculty member from 1846 to 1864. Gilham died in 1872 in Vermont.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["William Gilham was born in 1818 in Vincennes, Indiana. He graduated from the United States Military Academy Class in 1840. He was a United States Army officer and a VMI faculty member from 1846 to 1864. Gilham died in 1872 in Vermont."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilliam Gilham papers. Manuscript # 0267, Virginia Military Institute Archives\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["William Gilham papers. Manuscript # 0267, Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of the papers (21 items) of 19th century VMI faculty member William Gilham, including:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOfficial Register of the Officers and Cadets of the U. S. Military Academy (June 1841)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA VMI weekly class report (circa 1860)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA dispatch signed by General Robert E. Lee\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCorrespondence, including a letter from Moses Ezekiel (VMI Class of 1866)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePhotographs where the subjects are Robert E. Lee, Gilham and his wife, Libby Prison, and Richmond, Virginia during the Civil War\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInvitations to social events in Lexington, Virginia from the McDowell Family\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of the papers (21 items) of 19th century VMI faculty member William Gilham, including:\n\nOfficial Register of the Officers and Cadets of the U. S. Military Academy (June 1841)\nA VMI weekly class report (circa 1860)\nA dispatch signed by General Robert E. Lee\nCorrespondence, including a letter from Moses Ezekiel (VMI Class of 1866)\nPhotographs where the subjects are Robert E. Lee, Gilham and his wife, Libby Prison, and Richmond, Virginia during the Civil War\nInvitations to social events in Lexington, Virginia from the McDowell Family"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_4883d5364ee58154b4b0a747c0462e50\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Gilham, William, 1818-1872","Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917","Gilham, Cordelia Hayden","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870"],"names_coll_ssim":["Gilham, Cordelia Hayden"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Gilham, William, 1818-1872","Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917","Gilham, Cordelia Hayden","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:37:30.860Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_349","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_349","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_349","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_349","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_349.xml","title_ssm":["William Gilham papers"],"title_tesim":["William Gilham papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1846-1861"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1846-1861"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1846/1861"],"normalized_title_ssm":["William Gilham papers, 1846/1861"],"text":["William Gilham papers, 1846/1861","MS.0267","/repositories/3/resources/349","Libby Prison -- Photographs","Richmond (Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Photographs","Virginia Military Institute—Faculty","Virginia Military Institute—History—19th century","Lexington (Va.) -- Social life and customs","United States Military Academy—History—19th century","Virginia Military Institute—Curricula","Correspondence","Dispatches","There are no restrictions","Selected images from this collection are avaliable online","William Gilham was born in 1818 in Vincennes, Indiana. 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Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Gilham, William, 1818-1872","Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917","Gilham, Cordelia Hayden","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["William Gilham papers, 1846/1861"],"collection_ssim":["William Gilham papers, 1846/1861"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0267","/repositories/3/resources/349"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0267","/repositories/3/resources/349"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Libby Prison -- Photographs","Richmond (Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Photographs"],"geogname_ssim":["Libby Prison -- Photographs","Richmond (Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Photographs"],"places_ssim":["Libby Prison -- Photographs","Richmond (Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Photographs"],"creator_ssm":["Gilham, William, 1818-1872","Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917"],"creator_ssim":["Gilham, William, 1818-1872","Ezekiel, Moses J. 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