{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1850\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University\u0026page=2","prev":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1850\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University\u0026page=1","next":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1850\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University\u0026page=3","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1850\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University\u0026page=5"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":2,"next_page":3,"prev_page":1,"total_pages":5,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":10,"total_count":48,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_520","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"C-SPAN records, 1809/2012, bulk 1978/2012","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_520#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"C-SPAN Corporation","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_520#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The C-SPAN records consist of materials created and collected by the C-SPAN Corporation and its founder Brian Lamb from the years 1809, 1978-2012. The materials created by C-SPAN originate from 1978-2012, with one antique newspaper from 1809 gifted to Lamb. The records document C-SPAN's functions as a broadcasting network, as well as its continuing engagement in the political and public affairs sphere of the United States.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_520#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_520","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_520","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_520","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_520","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_520.xml","title_ssm":["C-SPAN records"],"title_tesim":["C-SPAN records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1978-2012","1809-2012"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1809-2012"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1978-2012"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1809/2012, bulk 1978/2012"],"normalized_title_ssm":["C-SPAN records, 1809/2012, bulk 1978/2012"],"text":["C-SPAN records, 1809/2012, bulk 1978/2012","C0270","/repositories/2/resources/520","United States -- Politics and government","Washington (D.C.)","Advertisements","Broadcast journalism","Broadcasting","C-SPAN (Television network)","Cable television","Direct broadcast satellite television","Education, Elementary","Educators","Journalism -- United States","Lincoln-Douglas Debates, Ill., 1858","Political campaigns -- United States","Politics","Presidents -- Election","Presidents -- United States","Press","Public affairs television programs","Television","Television and children","Television programs -- United States","Television viewers","Television viewers -- United States","Television -- United States","Slides (Photography)","Correspondence","Memorabilia","Negatives","Newspapers","Photographs","Sound recordings","Video recordings","There are no restrictions on educational and/or personal use for Series 1-4 and 7-12. Reproductions of items in Series 5: Green Room Faxes and Series 6: Viewer Mail may not be made by individual researchers. Limited reproductions can be made by SCRC staff for offsite use by researchers, but will only be made available with personally identifiable information redacted.","There are no other access restrictions.","Kelsey Kim was hired as the C-SPAN Project Archivist in October 2018, with the charge to digitize a portion of the C-SPAN records and build a website using Omeka S to showcase the digitized material. Kim began with a collection assessment of each series' research value and potential complexities. She presented a full digitization plan to C-SPAN executives in early 2019 and undertook the digitization of three main series: photographs, viewer mail, and press releases. Guidelines and documentation were then created for gathering the needed metadata, preparing the materials for imaging, performing the digitization, and post-processing the material. The digitization of the material was completed in late 2020. In 2021, Kim completed processing the digital files and uploaded them Omeka S platform in 2021. She then constructed a website for the C-SPAN Records which had been digitized and added contextual information about the project and the organization. This site was completed in 2022.  This website became part of the , a broader site which groups material from a variety of other C-SPAN projects, and can be accessed","Series\n      Series 1: Press Clippings, 1978-2012 (Boxes 1-51)\n      Series 2: Routers, 1984-1996 (Boxes 51-60)\n      Series 3: C-SPAN Bus Clippings, 1993-1994 (Boxes 60-61)\n      Series 4: Press Releases, 1985-2002 (Boxes 61-75)\n      Series 5: Green Room Faxes, 1994 (Boxes 75-91)\n      Series 6: Viewer Mail, 1994-2004 (Boxes 91-145)\n      Series 7: Education and Marketing, 1989-2009 (Boxes 145-229)\n      Series 8: Executive Files and Correspondence, 1976-2009 (Boxes 229-402)\n      Series 9: Photographs, 1978-2008 (Boxes 403-444)\n      Series 10: Audiovisual, 1980s-2012 (Boxes 445-452)\n      Series 11: Memorabilia, 1980s-2012 (Boxes 453-456)\n      Series 12: Miscellaneous, 1809-2012 (Boxes 457-470, Map Cases 5.2 - 5.5)","C-SPAN (Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network), created by the American Cable Television Industry, was founded in 1979 by Brian Lamb with the aim of televising sessions of the U.S. Congress, and offering broader access and coverage of public affairs events. C-SPAN's exact mission statements are as follows: \"To provide C-SPAN's audience access to the live gavel-to-gavel proceedings of the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate, and to other forums where public policy is discussed, debated and decided-all without editing, commentary or analysis and with a balanced presentation of points of view; To provide elected and appointed officials and others who would influence public policy a direct conduit to the audience without filtering or otherwise distorting their points of view; To provide the audience, through the call-in program, direct access to elected officials, other decision makers and journalists on a frequent and open basis; To employ production values that accurately convey the business of government rather than distract from it; and To conduct all other aspects of its operations consistent with these principles.\"","With an original concentration on congressional sessions, C-SPAN quickly expanded into a 24-hour network by 1982, and added call-in programs and other, non-congressional public affairs/events to its schedule. In 1986, the network expanded even more, developing the C-SPAN2 channel, which covered gavel-to-gavel Senate debates. By 2001, C-SPAN3 had launched in order to maintain full coverage of congressional sessions, as well as other original C-SPAN programming such as American History TV, The Communicators, Newsmakers, and Washington Journal. In addition to covering the U.S. Congress, C-SPAN has also covered the Executive branch of the U.S. government, including daily briefings from the White House, as well as events such as the Democratic and Republican National Conventions, and Presidential debates. One of C-SPAN's most successful endeavors was the creation of the C-SPAN Bus in 1993, which serves as a mobile production studio and learning center that visits hundreds of communities per year. The Bus, which is still being utilized, aims to engage with students, teachers, viewers, and elected officials and teach them about C-SPAN's operations. The Bus has enabled many successful educational endeavors for the network, including the Alexis de Tocqueville tour, which began in May 1997. The same year, C-SPAN expanded further with the addition of C-SPAN Radio, available in the Washington DC Metro area and nationally on satellite radio. Despite repeated efforts to do so over the past two decades, C-SPAN does not cover the U.S. Supreme Court in live TV or radio broadcast formats. C-SPAN and its sister channels enjoy strong ratings. Around the late 1980s through the early 1990s, die-hard C-SPAN watchers became known as \"C-SPAN Junkies\" for their dedicated viewing of and interaction with the C-SPAN network. C-SPAN maintains a consistent and large viewer base. In 2017 alone, over 70 million viewers from a wide range of backgrounds and political persuasions have accessed C-SPAN across their various platforms.","C-SPAN's founder, Brian Lamb, was an integral part of the development of the network. Lamb was a White House telecommunications policy staffer and Washington bureau chief for Cablevision magazine prior to creating C-SPAN, and brought valuable experience and insight to the job. Lamb is renowned for his many interviews and interviewing style, which was evident from the early days of the C-SPAN daily call in. Lamb's interviewing style was highlighted on his show \"Booknotes\" (1989-2004) where he interviewed 801 authors of mostly non-fiction books, making the show the longest-running author interview program in broadcast history. The success of \"Booknotes\" led to the creation of \"Book TV\" in 1998, a 48-hour weekend programming block dedicated to covering nonfiction books. After thirty-three years of service to the network, Lamb retired as CEO of C-SPAN in 2012, but remains its executive chairman. Lamb was succeeded by Susan Swain and Rob Kennedy as co-CEOs. Lamb's longtime secretary Lea Anne Long also contributed to C-SPAN's functions, planning events and his complicated and numerous travel itineraries. Lamb currently hosts the show \"Q and A\" on C-SPAN, which \"highlights today's most compelling thinkers in politics, media, education, and science,\" and has been running since 2004. Lamb's strong and singular legacy on C-SPAN continues to this day. Lamb was awarded the National Humanities Medal in 2002 and the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2007 for his extensive work in broadcasting over the years.","The Special Collections Research Center does not have the equipment necessary to play obsolete audiovisual formats present in this collection. Additional time and money may be required to access this material.","Jordan Patty, Former Manuscripts and Archives Librarian at George Mason University's Special Collections Research Center, began working at the C-SPAN offices in November 2013 to begin processing the C-SPAN records. Mr. Patty established processing and storage space, and moved boxes and files to accommodate metal shelving and tables for the work to be done. The early part of 2014 was spent shifting, reboxing, and clearing space for the shelves that were installed specifically for the project. The shelving installation was completed in early April 2014, which allowed for the first shipment of boxes from C-SPAN's offsite storage facility. Based on this first shipment of offsite boxes, a project strategy was developed. Mr. Patty completed processing of the Press Clippings series in December 2014 and the Press Releases in February 2015, when he began working onsite at C-SPAN two days each week. He finished processing the Viewer Mail and Education and Marketing series in 2015, and he continued with the Executive Files in Correspondence series in 2016.","Through financial support from C-SPAN, former C-SPAN employee Maura Pierce was hired by the University Libraries as Processing Assistant for the collection. Ms. Pierce began working on the project in January 2014, assisting with initial reorganization in preparation for shelving installation and processing of the press clippings and photograph collection. Based on Ms. Pierce's analysis, the total number of boxes from the photograph collection that were transferred to Mason was approximately half of the original estimate. She completed processing photograph albums pertaining to the Booknotes program in May 2015. Ms. Pierce also completed an inventory for additional photograph albums.","Amanda Menjivar was hired as the C-SPAN Project Archivist in March 2017. She re-assessed the already processed part of the collection (over 110 linear feet), processed the outstanding part (over 90 linear feet), and brought the two pieces into one whole collection. Ms. Brent spent the initial time in the process gaining intellectual control over the collection, including re-inventorying, and inventorying materials that had already been arranged. She then began inventorying the unarranged materials, such as the majority of the Executive Files and Correspondence collection. Based on this work, she organized the collection into twelve series.","Processing done by Jordan Patty and Maura Pierce completed in 2016; processing completed by Amanda Menjivar in 2017. EAD markup completed by Amanda Menjivar in 2017. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in November 2022.","George Mason University also houses the Booknotes collection, which contains 801 nonfiction books used on the Booknotes television series, hosted by Brian Lamb. Scanned images of Brian Lamb's own \"book notes\" are available online. More information is available on the . Purdue University houses the C-SPAN Video Library. More information is available on the .","The C-SPAN records largely consist of correspondence, viewer mail, photographs, photographic negatives, slides, newspapers, audiovisual materials, posters, pamphlets, memorabilia, and books created between the years 1978-2012. The collection contains 12 series.","Series 1: Press Clippings (1978-2012) includes press clippings related to C-SPAN and Brian Lamb from a wide variety of sources, including the Washington Post, New York Times, Newsweek, USA Today, Los Angeles Times, and multiple local-level newspapers. Topics range from international politics to the public perception of C-SPAN, as well as events such as C-SPAN's 25th Anniversary, programming, and political news.","Series 2: Routers (1984-1996) includes multiple press clips from a variety of sources and newspapers that were routed to Lamb and C-SPAN staff, covering topics such as presidential campaigns, the Lincoln-Douglas Debates, and the C-SPAN Bus, 1994-1995 tour.","Series 3: C-SPAN Bus Clippings (1993-1994) includes multiple press clip routers on the C-SPAN Bus from a variety of sources and newspapers for both Lamb and C-SPAN staff. The Bus's itinerary is also included.","Series 4: Press Releases (1985-2002) includes press releases by and about C-SPAN's activities and endeavors, which include conferences, coverage of events, new television stations broadcasting C-SPAN, speeches, and promotions. Topics also include programming, such as \"Booknotes\" and \"Road to the White House.\"","Series 5: Green Room Faxes (1994) includes faxes from C-SPAN viewers that were sent to the C-SPAN studio green room. These range from positive and negative responses to coverage and programming, as well as questions directed at Brian Lamb.","Series 6: Viewer Mail (1994-2004) includes viewer mail responding to multiple events and topics shown on C-SPAN. Includes responses to C-SPAN programming, coverage, current events, politics, and responses directed to Brian Lamb. Formats range widely, from handwritten to typed letters and greeting cards, to notecards and postcards, and other printed materials.","Series 7: Education and Marketing (1989-2009) includes materials related to C-SPAN's various education and marketing campaigns. Topics include Viewer of the Week, American Writers, Campaign 2000 Educator's Conference, Alexis de Tocqueville, Lincoln-Douglas Series, and the C-SPAN School Bus. Other notable materials include original mixed-media portraits of famous authors and program transcripts of C-SPAN programming.","Series 8: Executive Files and Correspondence (1976-2009) includes the majority of Lamb's personal correspondence with a number of individuals and organizations. Also includes documents related to C-SPAN's operating budget, Board Meetings and Executive Committee Meetings memoranda, press clippings, \"Booknotes\" materials and manuscripts, tour speeches, C-SPAN 2000, 20th Anniversary planning materials, and Time Warner Cable v. The City of New York court documents.","Series 9: Photographs (1978-2008) includes photographs, photographic negatives, and slides of a variety of C-SPAN's functions, including coverage of the Democratic and Republican National Conventions and other public events, individuals who worked for and with C-SPAN, and Brian Lamb's activities and events he attended during that time.","Series 10: Audiovisual (1980s-2012) includes a wide variey of analog audiovisual formats and content, ranging from interviews with C-SPAN's board members, press clips, and public events, to graphic design mock ups and digital photographs. Formats include VHS tapes, U-matic tapes, floppy disks, cassette tapes, CDs, and DVDs, among others.","Series 11: Memorabilia (1980s-2012) includes memorabilia gathered from multiple C-SPAN functions and programs, such as the Tocqueville Tour, the Lincoln-Douglas Debates reenactment, the C-SPAN Bus, coverage of Presidential elections, in a variety of formats such as pens, pencils, pins, stickers, keychains, and many more.","Series 12: Miscellaneous (1809-2012) includes miscellaneous items such as award plaques gifted to C-SPAN and Brian Lamb from a number of organizations, newspapers, C-SPAN advertisements, loose scrapbook pages, exhibit panels of varying sizes, C-SPAN political cartoons, and an antique newspaper from 1809 given to Brian Lamb.","This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this collection in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) (https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en). The rights-holders are Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network and potentially others - please contact SCRC for more information.","The C-SPAN records consist of materials created and collected by the C-SPAN Corporation and its founder Brian Lamb from the years 1809, 1978-2012. The materials created by C-SPAN originate from 1978-2012, with one antique newspaper from 1809 gifted to Lamb. The records document C-SPAN's functions as a broadcasting network, as well as its continuing engagement in the political and public affairs sphere of the United States.","Map Case 19.1-19.3, 31.1","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","C-SPAN Corporation","United States. Congress","United States. Congress. House","United States. Congress. Senate","Lamb, Brian, 1941-","Long, Lea Anne","Tocqueville, Alexis de, 1805-1859","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["C-SPAN records, 1809/2012, bulk 1978/2012"],"collection_ssim":["C-SPAN records, 1809/2012, bulk 1978/2012"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0270","/repositories/2/resources/520"],"unitid_tesim":["C0270","/repositories/2/resources/520"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- Politics and government","Washington (D.C.)"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government","Washington (D.C.)"],"places_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government","Washington (D.C.)"],"creator_ssm":["C-SPAN Corporation","Lamb, Brian, 1941-","Long, Lea Anne"],"creator_ssim":["C-SPAN Corporation","Lamb, Brian, 1941-","Long, Lea Anne"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Lamb, Brian, 1941-","Long, Lea Anne","Tocqueville, Alexis de, 1805-1859"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","C-SPAN Corporation","United States. Congress","United States. Congress. House","United States. Congress. Senate"],"creators_ssim":["Lamb, Brian, 1941-","Long, Lea Anne","Tocqueville, Alexis de, 1805-1859","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","C-SPAN Corporation","United States. Congress","United States. Congress. House","United States. Congress. Senate"],"access_terms_ssm":["This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this collection in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) (https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en). The rights-holders are Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network and potentially others - please contact SCRC for more information."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by the C-SPAN Corporation in 2011."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Advertisements","Broadcast journalism","Broadcasting","C-SPAN (Television network)","Cable television","Direct broadcast satellite television","Education, Elementary","Educators","Journalism -- United States","Lincoln-Douglas Debates, Ill., 1858","Political campaigns -- United States","Politics","Presidents -- Election","Presidents -- United States","Press","Public affairs television programs","Television","Television and children","Television programs -- United States","Television viewers","Television viewers -- United States","Television -- United States","Slides (Photography)","Correspondence","Memorabilia","Negatives","Newspapers","Photographs","Sound recordings","Video recordings"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Advertisements","Broadcast journalism","Broadcasting","C-SPAN (Television network)","Cable television","Direct broadcast satellite television","Education, Elementary","Educators","Journalism -- United States","Lincoln-Douglas Debates, Ill., 1858","Political campaigns -- United States","Politics","Presidents -- Election","Presidents -- United States","Press","Public affairs television programs","Television","Television and children","Television programs -- United States","Television viewers","Television viewers -- United States","Television -- United States","Slides (Photography)","Correspondence","Memorabilia","Negatives","Newspapers","Photographs","Sound recordings","Video recordings"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["200.0 linear feet 471 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["200.0 linear feet 471 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Memorabilia","Negatives","Newspapers","Photographs","Sound recordings","Video recordings"],"date_range_isim":[1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions on educational and/or personal use for Series 1-4 and 7-12. Reproductions of items in Series 5: Green Room Faxes and Series 6: Viewer Mail may not be made by individual researchers. Limited reproductions can be made by SCRC staff for offsite use by researchers, but will only be made available with personally identifiable information redacted.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are no other access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions on educational and/or personal use for Series 1-4 and 7-12. Reproductions of items in Series 5: Green Room Faxes and Series 6: Viewer Mail may not be made by individual researchers. Limited reproductions can be made by SCRC staff for offsite use by researchers, but will only be made available with personally identifiable information redacted.","There are no other access restrictions."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eKelsey Kim was hired as the C-SPAN Project Archivist in October 2018, with the charge to digitize a portion of the C-SPAN records and build a website using Omeka S to showcase the digitized material. Kim began with a collection assessment of each series' research value and potential complexities. She presented a full digitization plan to C-SPAN executives in early 2019 and undertook the digitization of three main series: photographs, viewer mail, and press releases. Guidelines and documentation were then created for gathering the needed metadata, preparing the materials for imaging, performing the digitization, and post-processing the material. The digitization of the material was completed in late 2020. In 2021, Kim completed processing the digital files and uploaded them Omeka S platform in 2021. She then constructed a website for the C-SPAN Records which had been digitized and added contextual information about the project and the organization. This site was completed in 2022.  This website became part of the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"C-SPAN Portal\" href=\"https://cspancollections.gmu.edu/s/Home/page/Home\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, a broader site which groups material from a variety of other C-SPAN projects, and can be accessed \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"here.\" href=\"https://cspancollections.gmu.edu/s/CSPANRecords/page/c-span-records\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternative Form Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["Kelsey Kim was hired as the C-SPAN Project Archivist in October 2018, with the charge to digitize a portion of the C-SPAN records and build a website using Omeka S to showcase the digitized material. Kim began with a collection assessment of each series' research value and potential complexities. She presented a full digitization plan to C-SPAN executives in early 2019 and undertook the digitization of three main series: photographs, viewer mail, and press releases. Guidelines and documentation were then created for gathering the needed metadata, preparing the materials for imaging, performing the digitization, and post-processing the material. The digitization of the material was completed in late 2020. In 2021, Kim completed processing the digital files and uploaded them Omeka S platform in 2021. She then constructed a website for the C-SPAN Records which had been digitized and added contextual information about the project and the organization. This site was completed in 2022.  This website became part of the , a broader site which groups material from a variety of other C-SPAN projects, and can be accessed"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eSeries\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Press Clippings, 1978-2012 (Boxes 1-51)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Routers, 1984-1996 (Boxes 51-60)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: C-SPAN Bus Clippings, 1993-1994 (Boxes 60-61)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 4: Press Releases, 1985-2002 (Boxes 61-75)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 5: Green Room Faxes, 1994 (Boxes 75-91)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 6: Viewer Mail, 1994-2004 (Boxes 91-145)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 7: Education and Marketing, 1989-2009 (Boxes 145-229)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 8: Executive Files and Correspondence, 1976-2009 (Boxes 229-402)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 9: Photographs, 1978-2008 (Boxes 403-444)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 10: Audiovisual, 1980s-2012 (Boxes 445-452)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 11: Memorabilia, 1980s-2012 (Boxes 453-456)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 12: Miscellaneous, 1809-2012 (Boxes 457-470, Map Cases 5.2 - 5.5)\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series\n      Series 1: Press Clippings, 1978-2012 (Boxes 1-51)\n      Series 2: Routers, 1984-1996 (Boxes 51-60)\n      Series 3: C-SPAN Bus Clippings, 1993-1994 (Boxes 60-61)\n      Series 4: Press Releases, 1985-2002 (Boxes 61-75)\n      Series 5: Green Room Faxes, 1994 (Boxes 75-91)\n      Series 6: Viewer Mail, 1994-2004 (Boxes 91-145)\n      Series 7: Education and Marketing, 1989-2009 (Boxes 145-229)\n      Series 8: Executive Files and Correspondence, 1976-2009 (Boxes 229-402)\n      Series 9: Photographs, 1978-2008 (Boxes 403-444)\n      Series 10: Audiovisual, 1980s-2012 (Boxes 445-452)\n      Series 11: Memorabilia, 1980s-2012 (Boxes 453-456)\n      Series 12: Miscellaneous, 1809-2012 (Boxes 457-470, Map Cases 5.2 - 5.5)"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cextptr href=\"https://www.c-span.org/\" title=\"C-SPAN.org\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cextptr href=\"https://www.cla.purdue.edu/communication/about/lamb.html%20\" title=\"Purdue.edu\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eC-SPAN (Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network), created by the American Cable Television Industry, was founded in 1979 by Brian Lamb with the aim of televising sessions of the U.S. Congress, and offering broader access and coverage of public affairs events. C-SPAN's exact mission statements are as follows: \"To provide C-SPAN's audience access to the live gavel-to-gavel proceedings of the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate, and to other forums where public policy is discussed, debated and decided-all without editing, commentary or analysis and with a balanced presentation of points of view; To provide elected and appointed officials and others who would influence public policy a direct conduit to the audience without filtering or otherwise distorting their points of view; To provide the audience, through the call-in program, direct access to elected officials, other decision makers and journalists on a frequent and open basis; To employ production values that accurately convey the business of government rather than distract from it; and To conduct all other aspects of its operations consistent with these principles.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e With an original concentration on congressional sessions, C-SPAN quickly expanded into a 24-hour network by 1982, and added call-in programs and other, non-congressional public affairs/events to its schedule. In 1986, the network expanded even more, developing the C-SPAN2 channel, which covered gavel-to-gavel Senate debates. By 2001, C-SPAN3 had launched in order to maintain full coverage of congressional sessions, as well as other original C-SPAN programming such as American History TV, The Communicators, Newsmakers, and Washington Journal. In addition to covering the U.S. Congress, C-SPAN has also covered the Executive branch of the U.S. government, including daily briefings from the White House, as well as events such as the Democratic and Republican National Conventions, and Presidential debates. One of C-SPAN's most successful endeavors was the creation of the C-SPAN Bus in 1993, which serves as a mobile production studio and learning center that visits hundreds of communities per year. The Bus, which is still being utilized, aims to engage with students, teachers, viewers, and elected officials and teach them about C-SPAN's operations. The Bus has enabled many successful educational endeavors for the network, including the Alexis de Tocqueville tour, which began in May 1997. The same year, C-SPAN expanded further with the addition of C-SPAN Radio, available in the Washington DC Metro area and nationally on satellite radio. Despite repeated efforts to do so over the past two decades, C-SPAN does not cover the U.S. Supreme Court in live TV or radio broadcast formats. C-SPAN and its sister channels enjoy strong ratings. Around the late 1980s through the early 1990s, die-hard C-SPAN watchers became known as \"C-SPAN Junkies\" for their dedicated viewing of and interaction with the C-SPAN network. C-SPAN maintains a consistent and large viewer base. In 2017 alone, over 70 million viewers from a wide range of backgrounds and political persuasions have accessed C-SPAN across their various platforms.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e C-SPAN's founder, Brian Lamb, was an integral part of the development of the network. Lamb was a White House telecommunications policy staffer and Washington bureau chief for Cablevision magazine prior to creating C-SPAN, and brought valuable experience and insight to the job. Lamb is renowned for his many interviews and interviewing style, which was evident from the early days of the C-SPAN daily call in. Lamb's interviewing style was highlighted on his show \"Booknotes\" (1989-2004) where he interviewed 801 authors of mostly non-fiction books, making the show the longest-running author interview program in broadcast history. The success of \"Booknotes\" led to the creation of \"Book TV\" in 1998, a 48-hour weekend programming block dedicated to covering nonfiction books. After thirty-three years of service to the network, Lamb retired as CEO of C-SPAN in 2012, but remains its executive chairman. Lamb was succeeded by Susan Swain and Rob Kennedy as co-CEOs. Lamb's longtime secretary Lea Anne Long also contributed to C-SPAN's functions, planning events and his complicated and numerous travel itineraries. Lamb currently hosts the show \"Q and A\" on C-SPAN, which \"highlights today's most compelling thinkers in politics, media, education, and science,\" and has been running since 2004. Lamb's strong and singular legacy on C-SPAN continues to this day. Lamb was awarded the National Humanities Medal in 2002 and the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2007 for his extensive work in broadcasting over the years.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["C-SPAN (Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network), created by the American Cable Television Industry, was founded in 1979 by Brian Lamb with the aim of televising sessions of the U.S. Congress, and offering broader access and coverage of public affairs events. C-SPAN's exact mission statements are as follows: \"To provide C-SPAN's audience access to the live gavel-to-gavel proceedings of the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate, and to other forums where public policy is discussed, debated and decided-all without editing, commentary or analysis and with a balanced presentation of points of view; To provide elected and appointed officials and others who would influence public policy a direct conduit to the audience without filtering or otherwise distorting their points of view; To provide the audience, through the call-in program, direct access to elected officials, other decision makers and journalists on a frequent and open basis; To employ production values that accurately convey the business of government rather than distract from it; and To conduct all other aspects of its operations consistent with these principles.\"","With an original concentration on congressional sessions, C-SPAN quickly expanded into a 24-hour network by 1982, and added call-in programs and other, non-congressional public affairs/events to its schedule. In 1986, the network expanded even more, developing the C-SPAN2 channel, which covered gavel-to-gavel Senate debates. By 2001, C-SPAN3 had launched in order to maintain full coverage of congressional sessions, as well as other original C-SPAN programming such as American History TV, The Communicators, Newsmakers, and Washington Journal. In addition to covering the U.S. Congress, C-SPAN has also covered the Executive branch of the U.S. government, including daily briefings from the White House, as well as events such as the Democratic and Republican National Conventions, and Presidential debates. One of C-SPAN's most successful endeavors was the creation of the C-SPAN Bus in 1993, which serves as a mobile production studio and learning center that visits hundreds of communities per year. The Bus, which is still being utilized, aims to engage with students, teachers, viewers, and elected officials and teach them about C-SPAN's operations. The Bus has enabled many successful educational endeavors for the network, including the Alexis de Tocqueville tour, which began in May 1997. The same year, C-SPAN expanded further with the addition of C-SPAN Radio, available in the Washington DC Metro area and nationally on satellite radio. Despite repeated efforts to do so over the past two decades, C-SPAN does not cover the U.S. Supreme Court in live TV or radio broadcast formats. C-SPAN and its sister channels enjoy strong ratings. Around the late 1980s through the early 1990s, die-hard C-SPAN watchers became known as \"C-SPAN Junkies\" for their dedicated viewing of and interaction with the C-SPAN network. C-SPAN maintains a consistent and large viewer base. In 2017 alone, over 70 million viewers from a wide range of backgrounds and political persuasions have accessed C-SPAN across their various platforms.","C-SPAN's founder, Brian Lamb, was an integral part of the development of the network. Lamb was a White House telecommunications policy staffer and Washington bureau chief for Cablevision magazine prior to creating C-SPAN, and brought valuable experience and insight to the job. Lamb is renowned for his many interviews and interviewing style, which was evident from the early days of the C-SPAN daily call in. Lamb's interviewing style was highlighted on his show \"Booknotes\" (1989-2004) where he interviewed 801 authors of mostly non-fiction books, making the show the longest-running author interview program in broadcast history. The success of \"Booknotes\" led to the creation of \"Book TV\" in 1998, a 48-hour weekend programming block dedicated to covering nonfiction books. After thirty-three years of service to the network, Lamb retired as CEO of C-SPAN in 2012, but remains its executive chairman. Lamb was succeeded by Susan Swain and Rob Kennedy as co-CEOs. Lamb's longtime secretary Lea Anne Long also contributed to C-SPAN's functions, planning events and his complicated and numerous travel itineraries. Lamb currently hosts the show \"Q and A\" on C-SPAN, which \"highlights today's most compelling thinkers in politics, media, education, and science,\" and has been running since 2004. Lamb's strong and singular legacy on C-SPAN continues to this day. Lamb was awarded the National Humanities Medal in 2002 and the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2007 for his extensive work in broadcasting over the years."],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center does not have the equipment necessary to play obsolete audiovisual formats present in this collection. Additional time and money may be required to access this material.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Technical Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center does not have the equipment necessary to play obsolete audiovisual formats present in this collection. Additional time and money may be required to access this material."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eC-SPAN records, C0270, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["C-SPAN records, C0270, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJordan Patty, Former Manuscripts and Archives Librarian at George Mason University's Special Collections Research Center, began working at the C-SPAN offices in November 2013 to begin processing the C-SPAN records. Mr. Patty established processing and storage space, and moved boxes and files to accommodate metal shelving and tables for the work to be done. The early part of 2014 was spent shifting, reboxing, and clearing space for the shelves that were installed specifically for the project. The shelving installation was completed in early April 2014, which allowed for the first shipment of boxes from C-SPAN's offsite storage facility. Based on this first shipment of offsite boxes, a project strategy was developed. Mr. Patty completed processing of the Press Clippings series in December 2014 and the Press Releases in February 2015, when he began working onsite at C-SPAN two days each week. He finished processing the Viewer Mail and Education and Marketing series in 2015, and he continued with the Executive Files in Correspondence series in 2016.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThrough financial support from C-SPAN, former C-SPAN employee Maura Pierce was hired by the University Libraries as Processing Assistant for the collection. Ms. Pierce began working on the project in January 2014, assisting with initial reorganization in preparation for shelving installation and processing of the press clippings and photograph collection. Based on Ms. Pierce's analysis, the total number of boxes from the photograph collection that were transferred to Mason was approximately half of the original estimate. She completed processing photograph albums pertaining to the Booknotes program in May 2015. Ms. Pierce also completed an inventory for additional photograph albums.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmanda Menjivar was hired as the C-SPAN Project Archivist in March 2017. She re-assessed the already processed part of the collection (over 110 linear feet), processed the outstanding part (over 90 linear feet), and brought the two pieces into one whole collection. Ms. Brent spent the initial time in the process gaining intellectual control over the collection, including re-inventorying, and inventorying materials that had already been arranged. She then began inventorying the unarranged materials, such as the majority of the Executive Files and Correspondence collection. Based on this work, she organized the collection into twelve series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProcessing done by Jordan Patty and Maura Pierce completed in 2016; processing completed by Amanda Menjivar in 2017. EAD markup completed by Amanda Menjivar in 2017. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in November 2022.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Jordan Patty, Former Manuscripts and Archives Librarian at George Mason University's Special Collections Research Center, began working at the C-SPAN offices in November 2013 to begin processing the C-SPAN records. Mr. Patty established processing and storage space, and moved boxes and files to accommodate metal shelving and tables for the work to be done. The early part of 2014 was spent shifting, reboxing, and clearing space for the shelves that were installed specifically for the project. The shelving installation was completed in early April 2014, which allowed for the first shipment of boxes from C-SPAN's offsite storage facility. Based on this first shipment of offsite boxes, a project strategy was developed. Mr. Patty completed processing of the Press Clippings series in December 2014 and the Press Releases in February 2015, when he began working onsite at C-SPAN two days each week. He finished processing the Viewer Mail and Education and Marketing series in 2015, and he continued with the Executive Files in Correspondence series in 2016.","Through financial support from C-SPAN, former C-SPAN employee Maura Pierce was hired by the University Libraries as Processing Assistant for the collection. Ms. Pierce began working on the project in January 2014, assisting with initial reorganization in preparation for shelving installation and processing of the press clippings and photograph collection. Based on Ms. Pierce's analysis, the total number of boxes from the photograph collection that were transferred to Mason was approximately half of the original estimate. She completed processing photograph albums pertaining to the Booknotes program in May 2015. Ms. Pierce also completed an inventory for additional photograph albums.","Amanda Menjivar was hired as the C-SPAN Project Archivist in March 2017. She re-assessed the already processed part of the collection (over 110 linear feet), processed the outstanding part (over 90 linear feet), and brought the two pieces into one whole collection. Ms. Brent spent the initial time in the process gaining intellectual control over the collection, including re-inventorying, and inventorying materials that had already been arranged. She then began inventorying the unarranged materials, such as the majority of the Executive Files and Correspondence collection. Based on this work, she organized the collection into twelve series.","Processing done by Jordan Patty and Maura Pierce completed in 2016; processing completed by Amanda Menjivar in 2017. EAD markup completed by Amanda Menjivar in 2017. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in November 2022."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Mason University also houses the Booknotes collection, which contains 801 nonfiction books used on the \u003citalic\u003eBooknotes\u003c/italic\u003e television series, hosted by Brian Lamb. Scanned images of Brian Lamb's own \"book notes\" are available online. More information is available on the \u003cextptr href=\"https://cspancollections.gmu.edu/s/Booknotes/page/Booknotes\" title=\"Booknotes collection website\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e. Purdue University houses the C-SPAN Video Library. More information is available on the \u003cextptr href=\"https://www.prf.org/researchpark/companies/c-companies/C-SPAN%20Archives.html\" title=\"Purdue website\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["George Mason University also houses the Booknotes collection, which contains 801 nonfiction books used on the Booknotes television series, hosted by Brian Lamb. Scanned images of Brian Lamb's own \"book notes\" are available online. More information is available on the . Purdue University houses the C-SPAN Video Library. More information is available on the ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe C-SPAN records largely consist of correspondence, viewer mail, photographs, photographic negatives, slides, newspapers, audiovisual materials, posters, pamphlets, memorabilia, and books created between the years 1978-2012. The collection contains 12 series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 1: Press Clippings (1978-2012) includes press clippings related to C-SPAN and Brian Lamb from a wide variety of sources, including the Washington Post, New York Times, Newsweek, USA Today, Los Angeles Times, and multiple local-level newspapers. Topics range from international politics to the public perception of C-SPAN, as well as events such as C-SPAN's 25th Anniversary, programming, and political news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 2: Routers (1984-1996) includes multiple press clips from a variety of sources and newspapers that were routed to Lamb and C-SPAN staff, covering topics such as presidential campaigns, the Lincoln-Douglas Debates, and the C-SPAN Bus, 1994-1995 tour.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 3: C-SPAN Bus Clippings (1993-1994) includes multiple press clip routers on the C-SPAN Bus from a variety of sources and newspapers for both Lamb and C-SPAN staff. The Bus's itinerary is also included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 4: Press Releases (1985-2002) includes press releases by and about C-SPAN's activities and endeavors, which include conferences, coverage of events, new television stations broadcasting C-SPAN, speeches, and promotions. Topics also include programming, such as \"Booknotes\" and \"Road to the White House.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 5: Green Room Faxes (1994) includes faxes from C-SPAN viewers that were sent to the C-SPAN studio green room. These range from positive and negative responses to coverage and programming, as well as questions directed at Brian Lamb.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 6: Viewer Mail (1994-2004) includes viewer mail responding to multiple events and topics shown on C-SPAN. Includes responses to C-SPAN programming, coverage, current events, politics, and responses directed to Brian Lamb. Formats range widely, from handwritten to typed letters and greeting cards, to notecards and postcards, and other printed materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 7: Education and Marketing (1989-2009) includes materials related to C-SPAN's various education and marketing campaigns. Topics include Viewer of the Week, American Writers, Campaign 2000 Educator's Conference, Alexis de Tocqueville, Lincoln-Douglas Series, and the C-SPAN School Bus. Other notable materials include original mixed-media portraits of famous authors and program transcripts of C-SPAN programming.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 8: Executive Files and Correspondence (1976-2009) includes the majority of Lamb's personal correspondence with a number of individuals and organizations. Also includes documents related to C-SPAN's operating budget, Board Meetings and Executive Committee Meetings memoranda, press clippings, \"Booknotes\" materials and manuscripts, tour speeches, C-SPAN 2000, 20th Anniversary planning materials, and Time Warner Cable v. The City of New York court documents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 9: Photographs (1978-2008) includes photographs, photographic negatives, and slides of a variety of C-SPAN's functions, including coverage of the Democratic and Republican National Conventions and other public events, individuals who worked for and with C-SPAN, and Brian Lamb's activities and events he attended during that time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 10: Audiovisual (1980s-2012) includes a wide variey of analog audiovisual formats and content, ranging from interviews with C-SPAN's board members, press clips, and public events, to graphic design mock ups and digital photographs. Formats include VHS tapes, U-matic tapes, floppy disks, cassette tapes, CDs, and DVDs, among others.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 11: Memorabilia (1980s-2012) includes memorabilia gathered from multiple C-SPAN functions and programs, such as the Tocqueville Tour, the Lincoln-Douglas Debates reenactment, the C-SPAN Bus, coverage of Presidential elections, in a variety of formats such as pens, pencils, pins, stickers, keychains, and many more.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 12: Miscellaneous (1809-2012) includes miscellaneous items such as award plaques gifted to C-SPAN and Brian Lamb from a number of organizations, newspapers, C-SPAN advertisements, loose scrapbook pages, exhibit panels of varying sizes, C-SPAN political cartoons, and an antique newspaper from 1809 given to Brian Lamb.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The C-SPAN records largely consist of correspondence, viewer mail, photographs, photographic negatives, slides, newspapers, audiovisual materials, posters, pamphlets, memorabilia, and books created between the years 1978-2012. The collection contains 12 series.","Series 1: Press Clippings (1978-2012) includes press clippings related to C-SPAN and Brian Lamb from a wide variety of sources, including the Washington Post, New York Times, Newsweek, USA Today, Los Angeles Times, and multiple local-level newspapers. Topics range from international politics to the public perception of C-SPAN, as well as events such as C-SPAN's 25th Anniversary, programming, and political news.","Series 2: Routers (1984-1996) includes multiple press clips from a variety of sources and newspapers that were routed to Lamb and C-SPAN staff, covering topics such as presidential campaigns, the Lincoln-Douglas Debates, and the C-SPAN Bus, 1994-1995 tour.","Series 3: C-SPAN Bus Clippings (1993-1994) includes multiple press clip routers on the C-SPAN Bus from a variety of sources and newspapers for both Lamb and C-SPAN staff. The Bus's itinerary is also included.","Series 4: Press Releases (1985-2002) includes press releases by and about C-SPAN's activities and endeavors, which include conferences, coverage of events, new television stations broadcasting C-SPAN, speeches, and promotions. Topics also include programming, such as \"Booknotes\" and \"Road to the White House.\"","Series 5: Green Room Faxes (1994) includes faxes from C-SPAN viewers that were sent to the C-SPAN studio green room. These range from positive and negative responses to coverage and programming, as well as questions directed at Brian Lamb.","Series 6: Viewer Mail (1994-2004) includes viewer mail responding to multiple events and topics shown on C-SPAN. Includes responses to C-SPAN programming, coverage, current events, politics, and responses directed to Brian Lamb. Formats range widely, from handwritten to typed letters and greeting cards, to notecards and postcards, and other printed materials.","Series 7: Education and Marketing (1989-2009) includes materials related to C-SPAN's various education and marketing campaigns. Topics include Viewer of the Week, American Writers, Campaign 2000 Educator's Conference, Alexis de Tocqueville, Lincoln-Douglas Series, and the C-SPAN School Bus. Other notable materials include original mixed-media portraits of famous authors and program transcripts of C-SPAN programming.","Series 8: Executive Files and Correspondence (1976-2009) includes the majority of Lamb's personal correspondence with a number of individuals and organizations. Also includes documents related to C-SPAN's operating budget, Board Meetings and Executive Committee Meetings memoranda, press clippings, \"Booknotes\" materials and manuscripts, tour speeches, C-SPAN 2000, 20th Anniversary planning materials, and Time Warner Cable v. The City of New York court documents.","Series 9: Photographs (1978-2008) includes photographs, photographic negatives, and slides of a variety of C-SPAN's functions, including coverage of the Democratic and Republican National Conventions and other public events, individuals who worked for and with C-SPAN, and Brian Lamb's activities and events he attended during that time.","Series 10: Audiovisual (1980s-2012) includes a wide variey of analog audiovisual formats and content, ranging from interviews with C-SPAN's board members, press clips, and public events, to graphic design mock ups and digital photographs. Formats include VHS tapes, U-matic tapes, floppy disks, cassette tapes, CDs, and DVDs, among others.","Series 11: Memorabilia (1980s-2012) includes memorabilia gathered from multiple C-SPAN functions and programs, such as the Tocqueville Tour, the Lincoln-Douglas Debates reenactment, the C-SPAN Bus, coverage of Presidential elections, in a variety of formats such as pens, pencils, pins, stickers, keychains, and many more.","Series 12: Miscellaneous (1809-2012) includes miscellaneous items such as award plaques gifted to C-SPAN and Brian Lamb from a number of organizations, newspapers, C-SPAN advertisements, loose scrapbook pages, exhibit panels of varying sizes, C-SPAN political cartoons, and an antique newspaper from 1809 given to Brian Lamb."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this collection in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) (https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en). The rights-holders are Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network and potentially others - please contact SCRC for more information.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this collection in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) (https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en). The rights-holders are Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network and potentially others - please contact SCRC for more information."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_ref348\"\u003eThe C-SPAN records consist of materials created and collected by the C-SPAN Corporation and its founder Brian Lamb from the years 1809, 1978-2012. The materials created by C-SPAN originate from 1978-2012, with one antique newspaper from 1809 gifted to Lamb. The records document C-SPAN's functions as a broadcasting network, as well as its continuing engagement in the political and public affairs sphere of the United States.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The C-SPAN records consist of materials created and collected by the C-SPAN Corporation and its founder Brian Lamb from the years 1809, 1978-2012. The materials created by C-SPAN originate from 1978-2012, with one antique newspaper from 1809 gifted to Lamb. The records document C-SPAN's functions as a broadcasting network, as well as its continuing engagement in the political and public affairs sphere of the United States."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_6e98eea71e7aaf27fbc13ed54ff06f7a\"\u003eMap Case 19.1-19.3, 31.1\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Map Case 19.1-19.3, 31.1"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","C-SPAN Corporation","United States. Congress","United States. Congress. House","United States. Congress. Senate"],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Congress","United States. Congress. House","United States. Congress. Senate","Long, Lea Anne","Tocqueville, Alexis de, 1805-1859"],"persname_ssim":["Lamb, Brian, 1941-","Long, Lea Anne","Tocqueville, Alexis de, 1805-1859"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","C-SPAN Corporation","United States. Congress","United States. Congress. House","United States. Congress. Senate","Lamb, Brian, 1941-","Long, Lea Anne","Tocqueville, Alexis de, 1805-1859"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":7227,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:34:54.802Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_520","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_520","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_520","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_520","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_520.xml","title_ssm":["C-SPAN records"],"title_tesim":["C-SPAN records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1978-2012","1809-2012"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1809-2012"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1978-2012"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1809/2012, bulk 1978/2012"],"normalized_title_ssm":["C-SPAN records, 1809/2012, bulk 1978/2012"],"text":["C-SPAN records, 1809/2012, bulk 1978/2012","C0270","/repositories/2/resources/520","United States -- Politics and government","Washington (D.C.)","Advertisements","Broadcast journalism","Broadcasting","C-SPAN (Television network)","Cable television","Direct broadcast satellite television","Education, Elementary","Educators","Journalism -- United States","Lincoln-Douglas Debates, Ill., 1858","Political campaigns -- United States","Politics","Presidents -- Election","Presidents -- United States","Press","Public affairs television programs","Television","Television and children","Television programs -- United States","Television viewers","Television viewers -- United States","Television -- United States","Slides (Photography)","Correspondence","Memorabilia","Negatives","Newspapers","Photographs","Sound recordings","Video recordings","There are no restrictions on educational and/or personal use for Series 1-4 and 7-12. Reproductions of items in Series 5: Green Room Faxes and Series 6: Viewer Mail may not be made by individual researchers. Limited reproductions can be made by SCRC staff for offsite use by researchers, but will only be made available with personally identifiable information redacted.","There are no other access restrictions.","Kelsey Kim was hired as the C-SPAN Project Archivist in October 2018, with the charge to digitize a portion of the C-SPAN records and build a website using Omeka S to showcase the digitized material. Kim began with a collection assessment of each series' research value and potential complexities. She presented a full digitization plan to C-SPAN executives in early 2019 and undertook the digitization of three main series: photographs, viewer mail, and press releases. Guidelines and documentation were then created for gathering the needed metadata, preparing the materials for imaging, performing the digitization, and post-processing the material. The digitization of the material was completed in late 2020. In 2021, Kim completed processing the digital files and uploaded them Omeka S platform in 2021. She then constructed a website for the C-SPAN Records which had been digitized and added contextual information about the project and the organization. This site was completed in 2022.  This website became part of the , a broader site which groups material from a variety of other C-SPAN projects, and can be accessed","Series\n      Series 1: Press Clippings, 1978-2012 (Boxes 1-51)\n      Series 2: Routers, 1984-1996 (Boxes 51-60)\n      Series 3: C-SPAN Bus Clippings, 1993-1994 (Boxes 60-61)\n      Series 4: Press Releases, 1985-2002 (Boxes 61-75)\n      Series 5: Green Room Faxes, 1994 (Boxes 75-91)\n      Series 6: Viewer Mail, 1994-2004 (Boxes 91-145)\n      Series 7: Education and Marketing, 1989-2009 (Boxes 145-229)\n      Series 8: Executive Files and Correspondence, 1976-2009 (Boxes 229-402)\n      Series 9: Photographs, 1978-2008 (Boxes 403-444)\n      Series 10: Audiovisual, 1980s-2012 (Boxes 445-452)\n      Series 11: Memorabilia, 1980s-2012 (Boxes 453-456)\n      Series 12: Miscellaneous, 1809-2012 (Boxes 457-470, Map Cases 5.2 - 5.5)","C-SPAN (Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network), created by the American Cable Television Industry, was founded in 1979 by Brian Lamb with the aim of televising sessions of the U.S. Congress, and offering broader access and coverage of public affairs events. C-SPAN's exact mission statements are as follows: \"To provide C-SPAN's audience access to the live gavel-to-gavel proceedings of the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate, and to other forums where public policy is discussed, debated and decided-all without editing, commentary or analysis and with a balanced presentation of points of view; To provide elected and appointed officials and others who would influence public policy a direct conduit to the audience without filtering or otherwise distorting their points of view; To provide the audience, through the call-in program, direct access to elected officials, other decision makers and journalists on a frequent and open basis; To employ production values that accurately convey the business of government rather than distract from it; and To conduct all other aspects of its operations consistent with these principles.\"","With an original concentration on congressional sessions, C-SPAN quickly expanded into a 24-hour network by 1982, and added call-in programs and other, non-congressional public affairs/events to its schedule. In 1986, the network expanded even more, developing the C-SPAN2 channel, which covered gavel-to-gavel Senate debates. By 2001, C-SPAN3 had launched in order to maintain full coverage of congressional sessions, as well as other original C-SPAN programming such as American History TV, The Communicators, Newsmakers, and Washington Journal. In addition to covering the U.S. Congress, C-SPAN has also covered the Executive branch of the U.S. government, including daily briefings from the White House, as well as events such as the Democratic and Republican National Conventions, and Presidential debates. One of C-SPAN's most successful endeavors was the creation of the C-SPAN Bus in 1993, which serves as a mobile production studio and learning center that visits hundreds of communities per year. The Bus, which is still being utilized, aims to engage with students, teachers, viewers, and elected officials and teach them about C-SPAN's operations. The Bus has enabled many successful educational endeavors for the network, including the Alexis de Tocqueville tour, which began in May 1997. The same year, C-SPAN expanded further with the addition of C-SPAN Radio, available in the Washington DC Metro area and nationally on satellite radio. Despite repeated efforts to do so over the past two decades, C-SPAN does not cover the U.S. Supreme Court in live TV or radio broadcast formats. C-SPAN and its sister channels enjoy strong ratings. Around the late 1980s through the early 1990s, die-hard C-SPAN watchers became known as \"C-SPAN Junkies\" for their dedicated viewing of and interaction with the C-SPAN network. C-SPAN maintains a consistent and large viewer base. In 2017 alone, over 70 million viewers from a wide range of backgrounds and political persuasions have accessed C-SPAN across their various platforms.","C-SPAN's founder, Brian Lamb, was an integral part of the development of the network. Lamb was a White House telecommunications policy staffer and Washington bureau chief for Cablevision magazine prior to creating C-SPAN, and brought valuable experience and insight to the job. Lamb is renowned for his many interviews and interviewing style, which was evident from the early days of the C-SPAN daily call in. Lamb's interviewing style was highlighted on his show \"Booknotes\" (1989-2004) where he interviewed 801 authors of mostly non-fiction books, making the show the longest-running author interview program in broadcast history. The success of \"Booknotes\" led to the creation of \"Book TV\" in 1998, a 48-hour weekend programming block dedicated to covering nonfiction books. After thirty-three years of service to the network, Lamb retired as CEO of C-SPAN in 2012, but remains its executive chairman. Lamb was succeeded by Susan Swain and Rob Kennedy as co-CEOs. Lamb's longtime secretary Lea Anne Long also contributed to C-SPAN's functions, planning events and his complicated and numerous travel itineraries. Lamb currently hosts the show \"Q and A\" on C-SPAN, which \"highlights today's most compelling thinkers in politics, media, education, and science,\" and has been running since 2004. Lamb's strong and singular legacy on C-SPAN continues to this day. Lamb was awarded the National Humanities Medal in 2002 and the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2007 for his extensive work in broadcasting over the years.","The Special Collections Research Center does not have the equipment necessary to play obsolete audiovisual formats present in this collection. Additional time and money may be required to access this material.","Jordan Patty, Former Manuscripts and Archives Librarian at George Mason University's Special Collections Research Center, began working at the C-SPAN offices in November 2013 to begin processing the C-SPAN records. Mr. Patty established processing and storage space, and moved boxes and files to accommodate metal shelving and tables for the work to be done. The early part of 2014 was spent shifting, reboxing, and clearing space for the shelves that were installed specifically for the project. The shelving installation was completed in early April 2014, which allowed for the first shipment of boxes from C-SPAN's offsite storage facility. Based on this first shipment of offsite boxes, a project strategy was developed. Mr. Patty completed processing of the Press Clippings series in December 2014 and the Press Releases in February 2015, when he began working onsite at C-SPAN two days each week. He finished processing the Viewer Mail and Education and Marketing series in 2015, and he continued with the Executive Files in Correspondence series in 2016.","Through financial support from C-SPAN, former C-SPAN employee Maura Pierce was hired by the University Libraries as Processing Assistant for the collection. Ms. Pierce began working on the project in January 2014, assisting with initial reorganization in preparation for shelving installation and processing of the press clippings and photograph collection. Based on Ms. Pierce's analysis, the total number of boxes from the photograph collection that were transferred to Mason was approximately half of the original estimate. She completed processing photograph albums pertaining to the Booknotes program in May 2015. Ms. Pierce also completed an inventory for additional photograph albums.","Amanda Menjivar was hired as the C-SPAN Project Archivist in March 2017. She re-assessed the already processed part of the collection (over 110 linear feet), processed the outstanding part (over 90 linear feet), and brought the two pieces into one whole collection. Ms. Brent spent the initial time in the process gaining intellectual control over the collection, including re-inventorying, and inventorying materials that had already been arranged. She then began inventorying the unarranged materials, such as the majority of the Executive Files and Correspondence collection. Based on this work, she organized the collection into twelve series.","Processing done by Jordan Patty and Maura Pierce completed in 2016; processing completed by Amanda Menjivar in 2017. EAD markup completed by Amanda Menjivar in 2017. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in November 2022.","George Mason University also houses the Booknotes collection, which contains 801 nonfiction books used on the Booknotes television series, hosted by Brian Lamb. Scanned images of Brian Lamb's own \"book notes\" are available online. More information is available on the . Purdue University houses the C-SPAN Video Library. More information is available on the .","The C-SPAN records largely consist of correspondence, viewer mail, photographs, photographic negatives, slides, newspapers, audiovisual materials, posters, pamphlets, memorabilia, and books created between the years 1978-2012. The collection contains 12 series.","Series 1: Press Clippings (1978-2012) includes press clippings related to C-SPAN and Brian Lamb from a wide variety of sources, including the Washington Post, New York Times, Newsweek, USA Today, Los Angeles Times, and multiple local-level newspapers. Topics range from international politics to the public perception of C-SPAN, as well as events such as C-SPAN's 25th Anniversary, programming, and political news.","Series 2: Routers (1984-1996) includes multiple press clips from a variety of sources and newspapers that were routed to Lamb and C-SPAN staff, covering topics such as presidential campaigns, the Lincoln-Douglas Debates, and the C-SPAN Bus, 1994-1995 tour.","Series 3: C-SPAN Bus Clippings (1993-1994) includes multiple press clip routers on the C-SPAN Bus from a variety of sources and newspapers for both Lamb and C-SPAN staff. The Bus's itinerary is also included.","Series 4: Press Releases (1985-2002) includes press releases by and about C-SPAN's activities and endeavors, which include conferences, coverage of events, new television stations broadcasting C-SPAN, speeches, and promotions. Topics also include programming, such as \"Booknotes\" and \"Road to the White House.\"","Series 5: Green Room Faxes (1994) includes faxes from C-SPAN viewers that were sent to the C-SPAN studio green room. These range from positive and negative responses to coverage and programming, as well as questions directed at Brian Lamb.","Series 6: Viewer Mail (1994-2004) includes viewer mail responding to multiple events and topics shown on C-SPAN. Includes responses to C-SPAN programming, coverage, current events, politics, and responses directed to Brian Lamb. Formats range widely, from handwritten to typed letters and greeting cards, to notecards and postcards, and other printed materials.","Series 7: Education and Marketing (1989-2009) includes materials related to C-SPAN's various education and marketing campaigns. Topics include Viewer of the Week, American Writers, Campaign 2000 Educator's Conference, Alexis de Tocqueville, Lincoln-Douglas Series, and the C-SPAN School Bus. Other notable materials include original mixed-media portraits of famous authors and program transcripts of C-SPAN programming.","Series 8: Executive Files and Correspondence (1976-2009) includes the majority of Lamb's personal correspondence with a number of individuals and organizations. Also includes documents related to C-SPAN's operating budget, Board Meetings and Executive Committee Meetings memoranda, press clippings, \"Booknotes\" materials and manuscripts, tour speeches, C-SPAN 2000, 20th Anniversary planning materials, and Time Warner Cable v. The City of New York court documents.","Series 9: Photographs (1978-2008) includes photographs, photographic negatives, and slides of a variety of C-SPAN's functions, including coverage of the Democratic and Republican National Conventions and other public events, individuals who worked for and with C-SPAN, and Brian Lamb's activities and events he attended during that time.","Series 10: Audiovisual (1980s-2012) includes a wide variey of analog audiovisual formats and content, ranging from interviews with C-SPAN's board members, press clips, and public events, to graphic design mock ups and digital photographs. Formats include VHS tapes, U-matic tapes, floppy disks, cassette tapes, CDs, and DVDs, among others.","Series 11: Memorabilia (1980s-2012) includes memorabilia gathered from multiple C-SPAN functions and programs, such as the Tocqueville Tour, the Lincoln-Douglas Debates reenactment, the C-SPAN Bus, coverage of Presidential elections, in a variety of formats such as pens, pencils, pins, stickers, keychains, and many more.","Series 12: Miscellaneous (1809-2012) includes miscellaneous items such as award plaques gifted to C-SPAN and Brian Lamb from a number of organizations, newspapers, C-SPAN advertisements, loose scrapbook pages, exhibit panels of varying sizes, C-SPAN political cartoons, and an antique newspaper from 1809 given to Brian Lamb.","This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this collection in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) (https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en). The rights-holders are Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network and potentially others - please contact SCRC for more information.","The C-SPAN records consist of materials created and collected by the C-SPAN Corporation and its founder Brian Lamb from the years 1809, 1978-2012. The materials created by C-SPAN originate from 1978-2012, with one antique newspaper from 1809 gifted to Lamb. The records document C-SPAN's functions as a broadcasting network, as well as its continuing engagement in the political and public affairs sphere of the United States.","Map Case 19.1-19.3, 31.1","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","C-SPAN Corporation","United States. Congress","United States. Congress. House","United States. Congress. Senate","Lamb, Brian, 1941-","Long, Lea Anne","Tocqueville, Alexis de, 1805-1859","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["C-SPAN records, 1809/2012, bulk 1978/2012"],"collection_ssim":["C-SPAN records, 1809/2012, bulk 1978/2012"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0270","/repositories/2/resources/520"],"unitid_tesim":["C0270","/repositories/2/resources/520"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- Politics and government","Washington (D.C.)"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government","Washington (D.C.)"],"places_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government","Washington (D.C.)"],"creator_ssm":["C-SPAN Corporation","Lamb, Brian, 1941-","Long, Lea Anne"],"creator_ssim":["C-SPAN Corporation","Lamb, Brian, 1941-","Long, Lea Anne"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Lamb, Brian, 1941-","Long, Lea Anne","Tocqueville, Alexis de, 1805-1859"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","C-SPAN Corporation","United States. Congress","United States. Congress. House","United States. Congress. Senate"],"creators_ssim":["Lamb, Brian, 1941-","Long, Lea Anne","Tocqueville, Alexis de, 1805-1859","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","C-SPAN Corporation","United States. Congress","United States. Congress. House","United States. Congress. Senate"],"access_terms_ssm":["This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this collection in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) (https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en). The rights-holders are Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network and potentially others - please contact SCRC for more information."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by the C-SPAN Corporation in 2011."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Advertisements","Broadcast journalism","Broadcasting","C-SPAN (Television network)","Cable television","Direct broadcast satellite television","Education, Elementary","Educators","Journalism -- United States","Lincoln-Douglas Debates, Ill., 1858","Political campaigns -- United States","Politics","Presidents -- Election","Presidents -- United States","Press","Public affairs television programs","Television","Television and children","Television programs -- United States","Television viewers","Television viewers -- United States","Television -- United States","Slides (Photography)","Correspondence","Memorabilia","Negatives","Newspapers","Photographs","Sound recordings","Video recordings"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Advertisements","Broadcast journalism","Broadcasting","C-SPAN (Television network)","Cable television","Direct broadcast satellite television","Education, Elementary","Educators","Journalism -- United States","Lincoln-Douglas Debates, Ill., 1858","Political campaigns -- United States","Politics","Presidents -- Election","Presidents -- United States","Press","Public affairs television programs","Television","Television and children","Television programs -- United States","Television viewers","Television viewers -- United States","Television -- United States","Slides (Photography)","Correspondence","Memorabilia","Negatives","Newspapers","Photographs","Sound recordings","Video recordings"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["200.0 linear feet 471 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["200.0 linear feet 471 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Memorabilia","Negatives","Newspapers","Photographs","Sound recordings","Video recordings"],"date_range_isim":[1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions on educational and/or personal use for Series 1-4 and 7-12. Reproductions of items in Series 5: Green Room Faxes and Series 6: Viewer Mail may not be made by individual researchers. Limited reproductions can be made by SCRC staff for offsite use by researchers, but will only be made available with personally identifiable information redacted.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are no other access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions on educational and/or personal use for Series 1-4 and 7-12. Reproductions of items in Series 5: Green Room Faxes and Series 6: Viewer Mail may not be made by individual researchers. Limited reproductions can be made by SCRC staff for offsite use by researchers, but will only be made available with personally identifiable information redacted.","There are no other access restrictions."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eKelsey Kim was hired as the C-SPAN Project Archivist in October 2018, with the charge to digitize a portion of the C-SPAN records and build a website using Omeka S to showcase the digitized material. Kim began with a collection assessment of each series' research value and potential complexities. She presented a full digitization plan to C-SPAN executives in early 2019 and undertook the digitization of three main series: photographs, viewer mail, and press releases. Guidelines and documentation were then created for gathering the needed metadata, preparing the materials for imaging, performing the digitization, and post-processing the material. The digitization of the material was completed in late 2020. In 2021, Kim completed processing the digital files and uploaded them Omeka S platform in 2021. She then constructed a website for the C-SPAN Records which had been digitized and added contextual information about the project and the organization. This site was completed in 2022.  This website became part of the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"C-SPAN Portal\" href=\"https://cspancollections.gmu.edu/s/Home/page/Home\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, a broader site which groups material from a variety of other C-SPAN projects, and can be accessed \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"here.\" href=\"https://cspancollections.gmu.edu/s/CSPANRecords/page/c-span-records\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternative Form Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["Kelsey Kim was hired as the C-SPAN Project Archivist in October 2018, with the charge to digitize a portion of the C-SPAN records and build a website using Omeka S to showcase the digitized material. Kim began with a collection assessment of each series' research value and potential complexities. She presented a full digitization plan to C-SPAN executives in early 2019 and undertook the digitization of three main series: photographs, viewer mail, and press releases. Guidelines and documentation were then created for gathering the needed metadata, preparing the materials for imaging, performing the digitization, and post-processing the material. The digitization of the material was completed in late 2020. In 2021, Kim completed processing the digital files and uploaded them Omeka S platform in 2021. She then constructed a website for the C-SPAN Records which had been digitized and added contextual information about the project and the organization. This site was completed in 2022.  This website became part of the , a broader site which groups material from a variety of other C-SPAN projects, and can be accessed"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eSeries\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Press Clippings, 1978-2012 (Boxes 1-51)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Routers, 1984-1996 (Boxes 51-60)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: C-SPAN Bus Clippings, 1993-1994 (Boxes 60-61)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 4: Press Releases, 1985-2002 (Boxes 61-75)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 5: Green Room Faxes, 1994 (Boxes 75-91)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 6: Viewer Mail, 1994-2004 (Boxes 91-145)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 7: Education and Marketing, 1989-2009 (Boxes 145-229)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 8: Executive Files and Correspondence, 1976-2009 (Boxes 229-402)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 9: Photographs, 1978-2008 (Boxes 403-444)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 10: Audiovisual, 1980s-2012 (Boxes 445-452)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 11: Memorabilia, 1980s-2012 (Boxes 453-456)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 12: Miscellaneous, 1809-2012 (Boxes 457-470, Map Cases 5.2 - 5.5)\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series\n      Series 1: Press Clippings, 1978-2012 (Boxes 1-51)\n      Series 2: Routers, 1984-1996 (Boxes 51-60)\n      Series 3: C-SPAN Bus Clippings, 1993-1994 (Boxes 60-61)\n      Series 4: Press Releases, 1985-2002 (Boxes 61-75)\n      Series 5: Green Room Faxes, 1994 (Boxes 75-91)\n      Series 6: Viewer Mail, 1994-2004 (Boxes 91-145)\n      Series 7: Education and Marketing, 1989-2009 (Boxes 145-229)\n      Series 8: Executive Files and Correspondence, 1976-2009 (Boxes 229-402)\n      Series 9: Photographs, 1978-2008 (Boxes 403-444)\n      Series 10: Audiovisual, 1980s-2012 (Boxes 445-452)\n      Series 11: Memorabilia, 1980s-2012 (Boxes 453-456)\n      Series 12: Miscellaneous, 1809-2012 (Boxes 457-470, Map Cases 5.2 - 5.5)"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cextptr href=\"https://www.c-span.org/\" title=\"C-SPAN.org\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cextptr href=\"https://www.cla.purdue.edu/communication/about/lamb.html%20\" title=\"Purdue.edu\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eC-SPAN (Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network), created by the American Cable Television Industry, was founded in 1979 by Brian Lamb with the aim of televising sessions of the U.S. Congress, and offering broader access and coverage of public affairs events. C-SPAN's exact mission statements are as follows: \"To provide C-SPAN's audience access to the live gavel-to-gavel proceedings of the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate, and to other forums where public policy is discussed, debated and decided-all without editing, commentary or analysis and with a balanced presentation of points of view; To provide elected and appointed officials and others who would influence public policy a direct conduit to the audience without filtering or otherwise distorting their points of view; To provide the audience, through the call-in program, direct access to elected officials, other decision makers and journalists on a frequent and open basis; To employ production values that accurately convey the business of government rather than distract from it; and To conduct all other aspects of its operations consistent with these principles.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e With an original concentration on congressional sessions, C-SPAN quickly expanded into a 24-hour network by 1982, and added call-in programs and other, non-congressional public affairs/events to its schedule. In 1986, the network expanded even more, developing the C-SPAN2 channel, which covered gavel-to-gavel Senate debates. By 2001, C-SPAN3 had launched in order to maintain full coverage of congressional sessions, as well as other original C-SPAN programming such as American History TV, The Communicators, Newsmakers, and Washington Journal. In addition to covering the U.S. Congress, C-SPAN has also covered the Executive branch of the U.S. government, including daily briefings from the White House, as well as events such as the Democratic and Republican National Conventions, and Presidential debates. One of C-SPAN's most successful endeavors was the creation of the C-SPAN Bus in 1993, which serves as a mobile production studio and learning center that visits hundreds of communities per year. The Bus, which is still being utilized, aims to engage with students, teachers, viewers, and elected officials and teach them about C-SPAN's operations. The Bus has enabled many successful educational endeavors for the network, including the Alexis de Tocqueville tour, which began in May 1997. The same year, C-SPAN expanded further with the addition of C-SPAN Radio, available in the Washington DC Metro area and nationally on satellite radio. Despite repeated efforts to do so over the past two decades, C-SPAN does not cover the U.S. Supreme Court in live TV or radio broadcast formats. C-SPAN and its sister channels enjoy strong ratings. Around the late 1980s through the early 1990s, die-hard C-SPAN watchers became known as \"C-SPAN Junkies\" for their dedicated viewing of and interaction with the C-SPAN network. C-SPAN maintains a consistent and large viewer base. In 2017 alone, over 70 million viewers from a wide range of backgrounds and political persuasions have accessed C-SPAN across their various platforms.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e C-SPAN's founder, Brian Lamb, was an integral part of the development of the network. Lamb was a White House telecommunications policy staffer and Washington bureau chief for Cablevision magazine prior to creating C-SPAN, and brought valuable experience and insight to the job. Lamb is renowned for his many interviews and interviewing style, which was evident from the early days of the C-SPAN daily call in. Lamb's interviewing style was highlighted on his show \"Booknotes\" (1989-2004) where he interviewed 801 authors of mostly non-fiction books, making the show the longest-running author interview program in broadcast history. The success of \"Booknotes\" led to the creation of \"Book TV\" in 1998, a 48-hour weekend programming block dedicated to covering nonfiction books. After thirty-three years of service to the network, Lamb retired as CEO of C-SPAN in 2012, but remains its executive chairman. Lamb was succeeded by Susan Swain and Rob Kennedy as co-CEOs. Lamb's longtime secretary Lea Anne Long also contributed to C-SPAN's functions, planning events and his complicated and numerous travel itineraries. Lamb currently hosts the show \"Q and A\" on C-SPAN, which \"highlights today's most compelling thinkers in politics, media, education, and science,\" and has been running since 2004. Lamb's strong and singular legacy on C-SPAN continues to this day. Lamb was awarded the National Humanities Medal in 2002 and the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2007 for his extensive work in broadcasting over the years.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["C-SPAN (Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network), created by the American Cable Television Industry, was founded in 1979 by Brian Lamb with the aim of televising sessions of the U.S. Congress, and offering broader access and coverage of public affairs events. C-SPAN's exact mission statements are as follows: \"To provide C-SPAN's audience access to the live gavel-to-gavel proceedings of the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate, and to other forums where public policy is discussed, debated and decided-all without editing, commentary or analysis and with a balanced presentation of points of view; To provide elected and appointed officials and others who would influence public policy a direct conduit to the audience without filtering or otherwise distorting their points of view; To provide the audience, through the call-in program, direct access to elected officials, other decision makers and journalists on a frequent and open basis; To employ production values that accurately convey the business of government rather than distract from it; and To conduct all other aspects of its operations consistent with these principles.\"","With an original concentration on congressional sessions, C-SPAN quickly expanded into a 24-hour network by 1982, and added call-in programs and other, non-congressional public affairs/events to its schedule. In 1986, the network expanded even more, developing the C-SPAN2 channel, which covered gavel-to-gavel Senate debates. By 2001, C-SPAN3 had launched in order to maintain full coverage of congressional sessions, as well as other original C-SPAN programming such as American History TV, The Communicators, Newsmakers, and Washington Journal. In addition to covering the U.S. Congress, C-SPAN has also covered the Executive branch of the U.S. government, including daily briefings from the White House, as well as events such as the Democratic and Republican National Conventions, and Presidential debates. One of C-SPAN's most successful endeavors was the creation of the C-SPAN Bus in 1993, which serves as a mobile production studio and learning center that visits hundreds of communities per year. The Bus, which is still being utilized, aims to engage with students, teachers, viewers, and elected officials and teach them about C-SPAN's operations. The Bus has enabled many successful educational endeavors for the network, including the Alexis de Tocqueville tour, which began in May 1997. The same year, C-SPAN expanded further with the addition of C-SPAN Radio, available in the Washington DC Metro area and nationally on satellite radio. Despite repeated efforts to do so over the past two decades, C-SPAN does not cover the U.S. Supreme Court in live TV or radio broadcast formats. C-SPAN and its sister channels enjoy strong ratings. Around the late 1980s through the early 1990s, die-hard C-SPAN watchers became known as \"C-SPAN Junkies\" for their dedicated viewing of and interaction with the C-SPAN network. C-SPAN maintains a consistent and large viewer base. In 2017 alone, over 70 million viewers from a wide range of backgrounds and political persuasions have accessed C-SPAN across their various platforms.","C-SPAN's founder, Brian Lamb, was an integral part of the development of the network. Lamb was a White House telecommunications policy staffer and Washington bureau chief for Cablevision magazine prior to creating C-SPAN, and brought valuable experience and insight to the job. Lamb is renowned for his many interviews and interviewing style, which was evident from the early days of the C-SPAN daily call in. Lamb's interviewing style was highlighted on his show \"Booknotes\" (1989-2004) where he interviewed 801 authors of mostly non-fiction books, making the show the longest-running author interview program in broadcast history. The success of \"Booknotes\" led to the creation of \"Book TV\" in 1998, a 48-hour weekend programming block dedicated to covering nonfiction books. After thirty-three years of service to the network, Lamb retired as CEO of C-SPAN in 2012, but remains its executive chairman. Lamb was succeeded by Susan Swain and Rob Kennedy as co-CEOs. Lamb's longtime secretary Lea Anne Long also contributed to C-SPAN's functions, planning events and his complicated and numerous travel itineraries. Lamb currently hosts the show \"Q and A\" on C-SPAN, which \"highlights today's most compelling thinkers in politics, media, education, and science,\" and has been running since 2004. Lamb's strong and singular legacy on C-SPAN continues to this day. Lamb was awarded the National Humanities Medal in 2002 and the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2007 for his extensive work in broadcasting over the years."],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center does not have the equipment necessary to play obsolete audiovisual formats present in this collection. Additional time and money may be required to access this material.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Technical Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center does not have the equipment necessary to play obsolete audiovisual formats present in this collection. Additional time and money may be required to access this material."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eC-SPAN records, C0270, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["C-SPAN records, C0270, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJordan Patty, Former Manuscripts and Archives Librarian at George Mason University's Special Collections Research Center, began working at the C-SPAN offices in November 2013 to begin processing the C-SPAN records. Mr. Patty established processing and storage space, and moved boxes and files to accommodate metal shelving and tables for the work to be done. The early part of 2014 was spent shifting, reboxing, and clearing space for the shelves that were installed specifically for the project. The shelving installation was completed in early April 2014, which allowed for the first shipment of boxes from C-SPAN's offsite storage facility. Based on this first shipment of offsite boxes, a project strategy was developed. Mr. Patty completed processing of the Press Clippings series in December 2014 and the Press Releases in February 2015, when he began working onsite at C-SPAN two days each week. He finished processing the Viewer Mail and Education and Marketing series in 2015, and he continued with the Executive Files in Correspondence series in 2016.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThrough financial support from C-SPAN, former C-SPAN employee Maura Pierce was hired by the University Libraries as Processing Assistant for the collection. Ms. Pierce began working on the project in January 2014, assisting with initial reorganization in preparation for shelving installation and processing of the press clippings and photograph collection. Based on Ms. Pierce's analysis, the total number of boxes from the photograph collection that were transferred to Mason was approximately half of the original estimate. She completed processing photograph albums pertaining to the Booknotes program in May 2015. Ms. Pierce also completed an inventory for additional photograph albums.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmanda Menjivar was hired as the C-SPAN Project Archivist in March 2017. She re-assessed the already processed part of the collection (over 110 linear feet), processed the outstanding part (over 90 linear feet), and brought the two pieces into one whole collection. Ms. Brent spent the initial time in the process gaining intellectual control over the collection, including re-inventorying, and inventorying materials that had already been arranged. She then began inventorying the unarranged materials, such as the majority of the Executive Files and Correspondence collection. Based on this work, she organized the collection into twelve series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProcessing done by Jordan Patty and Maura Pierce completed in 2016; processing completed by Amanda Menjivar in 2017. EAD markup completed by Amanda Menjivar in 2017. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in November 2022.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Jordan Patty, Former Manuscripts and Archives Librarian at George Mason University's Special Collections Research Center, began working at the C-SPAN offices in November 2013 to begin processing the C-SPAN records. Mr. Patty established processing and storage space, and moved boxes and files to accommodate metal shelving and tables for the work to be done. The early part of 2014 was spent shifting, reboxing, and clearing space for the shelves that were installed specifically for the project. The shelving installation was completed in early April 2014, which allowed for the first shipment of boxes from C-SPAN's offsite storage facility. Based on this first shipment of offsite boxes, a project strategy was developed. Mr. Patty completed processing of the Press Clippings series in December 2014 and the Press Releases in February 2015, when he began working onsite at C-SPAN two days each week. He finished processing the Viewer Mail and Education and Marketing series in 2015, and he continued with the Executive Files in Correspondence series in 2016.","Through financial support from C-SPAN, former C-SPAN employee Maura Pierce was hired by the University Libraries as Processing Assistant for the collection. Ms. Pierce began working on the project in January 2014, assisting with initial reorganization in preparation for shelving installation and processing of the press clippings and photograph collection. Based on Ms. Pierce's analysis, the total number of boxes from the photograph collection that were transferred to Mason was approximately half of the original estimate. She completed processing photograph albums pertaining to the Booknotes program in May 2015. Ms. Pierce also completed an inventory for additional photograph albums.","Amanda Menjivar was hired as the C-SPAN Project Archivist in March 2017. She re-assessed the already processed part of the collection (over 110 linear feet), processed the outstanding part (over 90 linear feet), and brought the two pieces into one whole collection. Ms. Brent spent the initial time in the process gaining intellectual control over the collection, including re-inventorying, and inventorying materials that had already been arranged. She then began inventorying the unarranged materials, such as the majority of the Executive Files and Correspondence collection. Based on this work, she organized the collection into twelve series.","Processing done by Jordan Patty and Maura Pierce completed in 2016; processing completed by Amanda Menjivar in 2017. EAD markup completed by Amanda Menjivar in 2017. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in November 2022."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Mason University also houses the Booknotes collection, which contains 801 nonfiction books used on the \u003citalic\u003eBooknotes\u003c/italic\u003e television series, hosted by Brian Lamb. Scanned images of Brian Lamb's own \"book notes\" are available online. More information is available on the \u003cextptr href=\"https://cspancollections.gmu.edu/s/Booknotes/page/Booknotes\" title=\"Booknotes collection website\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e. Purdue University houses the C-SPAN Video Library. More information is available on the \u003cextptr href=\"https://www.prf.org/researchpark/companies/c-companies/C-SPAN%20Archives.html\" title=\"Purdue website\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["George Mason University also houses the Booknotes collection, which contains 801 nonfiction books used on the Booknotes television series, hosted by Brian Lamb. Scanned images of Brian Lamb's own \"book notes\" are available online. More information is available on the . Purdue University houses the C-SPAN Video Library. More information is available on the ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe C-SPAN records largely consist of correspondence, viewer mail, photographs, photographic negatives, slides, newspapers, audiovisual materials, posters, pamphlets, memorabilia, and books created between the years 1978-2012. The collection contains 12 series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 1: Press Clippings (1978-2012) includes press clippings related to C-SPAN and Brian Lamb from a wide variety of sources, including the Washington Post, New York Times, Newsweek, USA Today, Los Angeles Times, and multiple local-level newspapers. Topics range from international politics to the public perception of C-SPAN, as well as events such as C-SPAN's 25th Anniversary, programming, and political news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 2: Routers (1984-1996) includes multiple press clips from a variety of sources and newspapers that were routed to Lamb and C-SPAN staff, covering topics such as presidential campaigns, the Lincoln-Douglas Debates, and the C-SPAN Bus, 1994-1995 tour.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 3: C-SPAN Bus Clippings (1993-1994) includes multiple press clip routers on the C-SPAN Bus from a variety of sources and newspapers for both Lamb and C-SPAN staff. The Bus's itinerary is also included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 4: Press Releases (1985-2002) includes press releases by and about C-SPAN's activities and endeavors, which include conferences, coverage of events, new television stations broadcasting C-SPAN, speeches, and promotions. Topics also include programming, such as \"Booknotes\" and \"Road to the White House.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 5: Green Room Faxes (1994) includes faxes from C-SPAN viewers that were sent to the C-SPAN studio green room. These range from positive and negative responses to coverage and programming, as well as questions directed at Brian Lamb.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 6: Viewer Mail (1994-2004) includes viewer mail responding to multiple events and topics shown on C-SPAN. Includes responses to C-SPAN programming, coverage, current events, politics, and responses directed to Brian Lamb. Formats range widely, from handwritten to typed letters and greeting cards, to notecards and postcards, and other printed materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 7: Education and Marketing (1989-2009) includes materials related to C-SPAN's various education and marketing campaigns. Topics include Viewer of the Week, American Writers, Campaign 2000 Educator's Conference, Alexis de Tocqueville, Lincoln-Douglas Series, and the C-SPAN School Bus. Other notable materials include original mixed-media portraits of famous authors and program transcripts of C-SPAN programming.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 8: Executive Files and Correspondence (1976-2009) includes the majority of Lamb's personal correspondence with a number of individuals and organizations. Also includes documents related to C-SPAN's operating budget, Board Meetings and Executive Committee Meetings memoranda, press clippings, \"Booknotes\" materials and manuscripts, tour speeches, C-SPAN 2000, 20th Anniversary planning materials, and Time Warner Cable v. The City of New York court documents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 9: Photographs (1978-2008) includes photographs, photographic negatives, and slides of a variety of C-SPAN's functions, including coverage of the Democratic and Republican National Conventions and other public events, individuals who worked for and with C-SPAN, and Brian Lamb's activities and events he attended during that time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 10: Audiovisual (1980s-2012) includes a wide variey of analog audiovisual formats and content, ranging from interviews with C-SPAN's board members, press clips, and public events, to graphic design mock ups and digital photographs. Formats include VHS tapes, U-matic tapes, floppy disks, cassette tapes, CDs, and DVDs, among others.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 11: Memorabilia (1980s-2012) includes memorabilia gathered from multiple C-SPAN functions and programs, such as the Tocqueville Tour, the Lincoln-Douglas Debates reenactment, the C-SPAN Bus, coverage of Presidential elections, in a variety of formats such as pens, pencils, pins, stickers, keychains, and many more.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Series 12: Miscellaneous (1809-2012) includes miscellaneous items such as award plaques gifted to C-SPAN and Brian Lamb from a number of organizations, newspapers, C-SPAN advertisements, loose scrapbook pages, exhibit panels of varying sizes, C-SPAN political cartoons, and an antique newspaper from 1809 given to Brian Lamb.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The C-SPAN records largely consist of correspondence, viewer mail, photographs, photographic negatives, slides, newspapers, audiovisual materials, posters, pamphlets, memorabilia, and books created between the years 1978-2012. The collection contains 12 series.","Series 1: Press Clippings (1978-2012) includes press clippings related to C-SPAN and Brian Lamb from a wide variety of sources, including the Washington Post, New York Times, Newsweek, USA Today, Los Angeles Times, and multiple local-level newspapers. Topics range from international politics to the public perception of C-SPAN, as well as events such as C-SPAN's 25th Anniversary, programming, and political news.","Series 2: Routers (1984-1996) includes multiple press clips from a variety of sources and newspapers that were routed to Lamb and C-SPAN staff, covering topics such as presidential campaigns, the Lincoln-Douglas Debates, and the C-SPAN Bus, 1994-1995 tour.","Series 3: C-SPAN Bus Clippings (1993-1994) includes multiple press clip routers on the C-SPAN Bus from a variety of sources and newspapers for both Lamb and C-SPAN staff. The Bus's itinerary is also included.","Series 4: Press Releases (1985-2002) includes press releases by and about C-SPAN's activities and endeavors, which include conferences, coverage of events, new television stations broadcasting C-SPAN, speeches, and promotions. Topics also include programming, such as \"Booknotes\" and \"Road to the White House.\"","Series 5: Green Room Faxes (1994) includes faxes from C-SPAN viewers that were sent to the C-SPAN studio green room. These range from positive and negative responses to coverage and programming, as well as questions directed at Brian Lamb.","Series 6: Viewer Mail (1994-2004) includes viewer mail responding to multiple events and topics shown on C-SPAN. Includes responses to C-SPAN programming, coverage, current events, politics, and responses directed to Brian Lamb. Formats range widely, from handwritten to typed letters and greeting cards, to notecards and postcards, and other printed materials.","Series 7: Education and Marketing (1989-2009) includes materials related to C-SPAN's various education and marketing campaigns. Topics include Viewer of the Week, American Writers, Campaign 2000 Educator's Conference, Alexis de Tocqueville, Lincoln-Douglas Series, and the C-SPAN School Bus. Other notable materials include original mixed-media portraits of famous authors and program transcripts of C-SPAN programming.","Series 8: Executive Files and Correspondence (1976-2009) includes the majority of Lamb's personal correspondence with a number of individuals and organizations. Also includes documents related to C-SPAN's operating budget, Board Meetings and Executive Committee Meetings memoranda, press clippings, \"Booknotes\" materials and manuscripts, tour speeches, C-SPAN 2000, 20th Anniversary planning materials, and Time Warner Cable v. The City of New York court documents.","Series 9: Photographs (1978-2008) includes photographs, photographic negatives, and slides of a variety of C-SPAN's functions, including coverage of the Democratic and Republican National Conventions and other public events, individuals who worked for and with C-SPAN, and Brian Lamb's activities and events he attended during that time.","Series 10: Audiovisual (1980s-2012) includes a wide variey of analog audiovisual formats and content, ranging from interviews with C-SPAN's board members, press clips, and public events, to graphic design mock ups and digital photographs. Formats include VHS tapes, U-matic tapes, floppy disks, cassette tapes, CDs, and DVDs, among others.","Series 11: Memorabilia (1980s-2012) includes memorabilia gathered from multiple C-SPAN functions and programs, such as the Tocqueville Tour, the Lincoln-Douglas Debates reenactment, the C-SPAN Bus, coverage of Presidential elections, in a variety of formats such as pens, pencils, pins, stickers, keychains, and many more.","Series 12: Miscellaneous (1809-2012) includes miscellaneous items such as award plaques gifted to C-SPAN and Brian Lamb from a number of organizations, newspapers, C-SPAN advertisements, loose scrapbook pages, exhibit panels of varying sizes, C-SPAN political cartoons, and an antique newspaper from 1809 given to Brian Lamb."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this collection in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) (https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en). The rights-holders are Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network and potentially others - please contact SCRC for more information.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["This collection is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this collection in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) (https://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en). The rights-holders are Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network and potentially others - please contact SCRC for more information."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_ref348\"\u003eThe C-SPAN records consist of materials created and collected by the C-SPAN Corporation and its founder Brian Lamb from the years 1809, 1978-2012. The materials created by C-SPAN originate from 1978-2012, with one antique newspaper from 1809 gifted to Lamb. The records document C-SPAN's functions as a broadcasting network, as well as its continuing engagement in the political and public affairs sphere of the United States.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The C-SPAN records consist of materials created and collected by the C-SPAN Corporation and its founder Brian Lamb from the years 1809, 1978-2012. The materials created by C-SPAN originate from 1978-2012, with one antique newspaper from 1809 gifted to Lamb. The records document C-SPAN's functions as a broadcasting network, as well as its continuing engagement in the political and public affairs sphere of the United States."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_6e98eea71e7aaf27fbc13ed54ff06f7a\"\u003eMap Case 19.1-19.3, 31.1\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Map Case 19.1-19.3, 31.1"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","C-SPAN Corporation","United States. Congress","United States. Congress. House","United States. Congress. Senate"],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Congress","United States. Congress. House","United States. Congress. Senate","Long, Lea Anne","Tocqueville, Alexis de, 1805-1859"],"persname_ssim":["Lamb, Brian, 1941-","Long, Lea Anne","Tocqueville, Alexis de, 1805-1859"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","C-SPAN Corporation","United States. Congress","United States. Congress. House","United States. Congress. Senate","Lamb, Brian, 1941-","Long, Lea Anne","Tocqueville, Alexis de, 1805-1859"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":7227,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:34:54.802Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_520"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_567","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Deed of gift for an enslaved woman named Lucy by Maynadier Mason, 1850","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_567#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Mason, Maynadier, 1808-1865","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_567#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Deed of gift for an enslaved woman named Lucy by Maynadier Mason, written on March 29, 1853.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_567#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_567","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_567","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_567","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_567","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_567.xml","title_ssm":["Deed of gift for an enslaved woman named Lucy by Maynadier Mason"],"title_tesim":["Deed of gift for an enslaved woman named Lucy by Maynadier Mason"],"unitdate_ssm":["May 22, 1850"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["May 22, 1850"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1850"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Deed of gift for an enslaved woman named Lucy by Maynadier Mason, 1850"],"text":["Deed of gift for an enslaved woman named Lucy by Maynadier Mason, 1850","C0363","/repositories/2/resources/567","Fairfax County (Va.)","Georgetown (Washington, D.C.)","Slave trade","Slavery -- United States","There are no access restrictions.","A digitized version of this document can be found here: .","This is a single item collection.","\"Causes of the Civil War.\" PBS.  (accessed June 26, 2019).","\"A History of Slavery in the United States.\" National Geographic.  (accessed June 26, 2019).","Urofsky, Melvin I. \"Jim Crow law.\" Encyclopaedia Britannica.  (accessed June 26, 2019).","The enslavement of individuals of African descent - as well as other peoples of color - was legalized in the United States in 1641, with African Americans being the majority of enslaved individuals around 1708. The demand for enslaved individuals to work on southern plantations in the U.S. began in 1694, which only increased over time. In 1861 the Civil War erupted, one of the key issues of the war being states' rights as they related to the institution of slavery. In 1863, President Abraham Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclimation, which declared all enslaved peoples in Confederate states free, but this did not end slavery entirely. Two years later on December 18, 1865, slavery in the United States was officially abolished with the 13th Amendment. Despite the legal freedom of African Americans post-Amendment, the racist treatment and oppression of African Americans did not wane, resulting in Jim Crow law and eventually catalyzing the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s.","Maynadier Mason was the son of John Mason and the grandson of George Mason IV. His brother was the U.S. senator John Murray Mason.","Processing completed by Amanda Brent in June 2019. EAD markup completed by Amanda Brent in June 2019. This collection used to be a part of the Virginia historical documents collection, C0034.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds other collections related to the topic of slavery in the United States, including the , the , and the","Deed of gift for an enslaved woman named Lucy by Maynadier Mason, written on March 29, 1853. In the deed, Mason - a resident of Fairfax County, Virginia - gives Lucy to his maternal aunt through marriage, Mary Ann Clark, who lived in Georgetown, Washington, D.C. Lucy is described as a twenty six-year old woman who Clark will enslave \"for and during her life[.]\"","No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)","Deed of gift for an enslaved woman named Lucy by Maynadier Mason, written on March 29, 1853.","R 72, C 3, S 4","George Mason University. Libraries. 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Lytton historical Virginia collection","Series 2: Civil War Materials, 1861/1914"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1744/1888"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["November 1744-May 1888"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":44,"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"collection_ssim":["Randolph H. Lytton historical Virginia collection"],"containers_ssim":["box 3","folder 3"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no access restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["For materials created before 1900: No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)","For materials created after 1900: The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated. (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"date_range_isim":[1744,1745,1746,1747,1748,1749,1750,1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents note"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#19","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:34:53.150Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_460","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_460","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_460","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_460","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_460.xml","title_ssm":["Randolph H. Lytton historical Virginia collection"],"title_tesim":["Randolph H. Lytton historical Virginia collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1670 - 2004"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1670 - 2004"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Randolph H. Lytton historical Virginia collection"],"text":["Randolph H. Lytton historical Virginia collection","C0311","/repositories/2/resources/460","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern -- History","Letters","Maps","Newspapers","Photography","Presidents -- United States","Slides (Photography)","Correspondence","Photographs","Photographic prints","Reproductions","Tintypes","There are no access restrictions.","A portion of this collection was digitized and is available to view  and","This collection is arranged by subject.","Series\n      Series 1: Postcards, 1903-1982 (Boxes 1-2)\n      Series 2: Civil War Era Materials, 1861-1914 (Boxes 2-5)\n      Series 3: George Washington, circa 1700-1960 (Box 5)\n      Series 4: Fairfax Family, 1670-1975 (Box 6)\n      Series 5: Mixed Media, 1712-2004 (Boxes 7-11)","Fairfax County Economic Development Authority. https://www.fairfaxcountyeda.org/history-fairfax-county-virginia (Accessed September 6, 2018)","City of Fairfax Virginia. https://www.fairfaxva.gov/government/historic-resources/city-history (Accessed September 6, 2018)","Fairfax County was originally granted to Thomas Fairfax, Sixth Lord Fairfax of Cameron by Charles II in 1719. It was not until 1742 that the Virginia Assembly officially established Fairfax as a county. Throughout the 18th century, Fairfax modernized in the form of industry and trade. With modernization, Fairfax County was fractured into Alexandria, Arlington, Falls Church, and Loudon. It was also during the time period that the Fairfax Courthouse was constructed with the financial aid of Richard Ratcliffe.","The 19th century brought conflict and subsequent growth to Fairfax County. Many Civil War battles took place within the county as well as the first land engagement of the American Civil War, which took place on June 1, 1861. During the war, Fairfax Courthouse changed hands many times between the Union and Confederacy. After the war, Fairfax experienced economic growth but also remained an agrarian-driven area. By the mid-20th century, Fairfax had experienced a massive population boom, largely as a result of President Roosevelt's increase in government programs, which produced large numbers of new citizens within Fairfax itself. The growth within Fairfax continues today.","Processed by Bill Keeler in August 2018. EAD markup completed by Bill Keeler in September 2018.","The collection includes artwork, campaign materials, correspondence, envelopes, indentures, maps, military paperwork, newspapers, paper currency, photographs, postcards, and publications on Virginia, particularly Fairfax County. The items in the collection were collected by George Mason University Emeritus Faculty member Randolph H. Lytton. The collection is arranged into five series:","Series 1: Postcards (1903-1982). This series includes postcards from Virginia.","Series 2: Civil War Era Materials (1861-1914). This series includes artwork, letters, maps, military paperwork, newspapers, paper currency, and photographs.","Series 3: George Washington (circa 1700-1960). This series includes artwork, envelopes, maps, photographs and postcards.","Series 4: Fairfax Family (1670-1975). This series includes artwork, correspondence, indentures, photographs, postcards, and stamps.","Series 5: Mixed Media (1712-2004). This series includes advertisements, campaign materials, maps, money orders, photographs, and publications.","For materials created before 1900: No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)","For materials created after 1900: The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated. (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","The collection includes artwork, campaign materials, correspondence, envelopes, indentures, maps, military paperwork, newspapers, paper currency, photographs, postcards, and publications on Virginia, particularly Fairfax County.","R54, C2, S7-C3, S2\nMap Case 13.4, 13.5, 15.1","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Lytton, Randolph Hoopes, 1944-","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Randolph H. Lytton historical Virginia collection"],"collection_ssim":["Randolph H. 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Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Lytton, Randolph Hoopes, 1944-","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["For materials created before 1900: No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)","For materials created after 1900: The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated. (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Collection donated by George Mason University Emeritus Faculty member Randolph H. Lytton from 2004 to 2015."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Letters","Maps","Newspapers","Photography","Presidents -- United States","Slides (Photography)","Correspondence","Photographs","Photographic prints","Reproductions","Tintypes"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Letters","Maps","Newspapers","Photography","Presidents -- United States","Slides (Photography)","Correspondence","Photographs","Photographic prints","Reproductions","Tintypes"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["15 Linear Feet 11 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["15 Linear Feet 11 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Photographs","Photographic prints","Reproductions","Tintypes"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA portion of this collection was digitized and is available to view \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"here\" href=\"https://images.gmu.edu/luna/servlet/GMU~15~15\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e and \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"here.\" href=\"https://mars.gmu.edu/handle/1920/5111\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternative Form Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["A portion of this collection was digitized and is available to view  and"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged by subject.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eSeries\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Postcards, 1903-1982 (Boxes 1-2)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Civil War Era Materials, 1861-1914 (Boxes 2-5)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: George Washington, circa 1700-1960 (Box 5)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 4: Fairfax Family, 1670-1975 (Box 6)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 5: Mixed Media, 1712-2004 (Boxes 7-11)\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged by subject.","Series\n      Series 1: Postcards, 1903-1982 (Boxes 1-2)\n      Series 2: Civil War Era Materials, 1861-1914 (Boxes 2-5)\n      Series 3: George Washington, circa 1700-1960 (Box 5)\n      Series 4: Fairfax Family, 1670-1975 (Box 6)\n      Series 5: Mixed Media, 1712-2004 (Boxes 7-11)"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFairfax County Economic Development Authority. https://www.fairfaxcountyeda.org/history-fairfax-county-virginia (Accessed September 6, 2018)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCity of Fairfax Virginia. https://www.fairfaxva.gov/government/historic-resources/city-history (Accessed September 6, 2018)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Fairfax County Economic Development Authority. https://www.fairfaxcountyeda.org/history-fairfax-county-virginia (Accessed September 6, 2018)","City of Fairfax Virginia. https://www.fairfaxva.gov/government/historic-resources/city-history (Accessed September 6, 2018)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFairfax County was originally granted to Thomas Fairfax, Sixth Lord Fairfax of Cameron by Charles II in 1719. It was not until 1742 that the Virginia Assembly officially established Fairfax as a county. Throughout the 18th century, Fairfax modernized in the form of industry and trade. With modernization, Fairfax County was fractured into Alexandria, Arlington, Falls Church, and Loudon. It was also during the time period that the Fairfax Courthouse was constructed with the financial aid of Richard Ratcliffe.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe 19th century brought conflict and subsequent growth to Fairfax County. Many Civil War battles took place within the county as well as the first land engagement of the American Civil War, which took place on June 1, 1861. During the war, Fairfax Courthouse changed hands many times between the Union and Confederacy. After the war, Fairfax experienced economic growth but also remained an agrarian-driven area. By the mid-20th century, Fairfax had experienced a massive population boom, largely as a result of President Roosevelt's increase in government programs, which produced large numbers of new citizens within Fairfax itself. The growth within Fairfax continues today. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Fairfax County was originally granted to Thomas Fairfax, Sixth Lord Fairfax of Cameron by Charles II in 1719. It was not until 1742 that the Virginia Assembly officially established Fairfax as a county. Throughout the 18th century, Fairfax modernized in the form of industry and trade. With modernization, Fairfax County was fractured into Alexandria, Arlington, Falls Church, and Loudon. It was also during the time period that the Fairfax Courthouse was constructed with the financial aid of Richard Ratcliffe.","The 19th century brought conflict and subsequent growth to Fairfax County. Many Civil War battles took place within the county as well as the first land engagement of the American Civil War, which took place on June 1, 1861. During the war, Fairfax Courthouse changed hands many times between the Union and Confederacy. After the war, Fairfax experienced economic growth but also remained an agrarian-driven area. By the mid-20th century, Fairfax had experienced a massive population boom, largely as a result of President Roosevelt's increase in government programs, which produced large numbers of new citizens within Fairfax itself. The growth within Fairfax continues today."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRandolph H. Lytton historical Virginia collection, C0311, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Randolph H. Lytton historical Virginia collection, C0311, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Bill Keeler in August 2018. EAD markup completed by Bill Keeler in September 2018.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Bill Keeler in August 2018. EAD markup completed by Bill Keeler in September 2018."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes artwork, campaign materials, correspondence, envelopes, indentures, maps, military paperwork, newspapers, paper currency, photographs, postcards, and publications on Virginia, particularly Fairfax County. The items in the collection were collected by George Mason University Emeritus Faculty member Randolph H. Lytton. The collection is arranged into five series: \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Postcards (1903-1982). This series includes postcards from Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Civil War Era Materials (1861-1914). This series includes artwork, letters, maps, military paperwork, newspapers, paper currency, and photographs. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: George Washington (circa 1700-1960). This series includes artwork, envelopes, maps, photographs and postcards. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Fairfax Family (1670-1975). This series includes artwork, correspondence, indentures, photographs, postcards, and stamps. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Mixed Media (1712-2004). This series includes advertisements, campaign materials, maps, money orders, photographs, and publications. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection includes artwork, campaign materials, correspondence, envelopes, indentures, maps, military paperwork, newspapers, paper currency, photographs, postcards, and publications on Virginia, particularly Fairfax County. The items in the collection were collected by George Mason University Emeritus Faculty member Randolph H. Lytton. The collection is arranged into five series:","Series 1: Postcards (1903-1982). This series includes postcards from Virginia.","Series 2: Civil War Era Materials (1861-1914). This series includes artwork, letters, maps, military paperwork, newspapers, paper currency, and photographs.","Series 3: George Washington (circa 1700-1960). This series includes artwork, envelopes, maps, photographs and postcards.","Series 4: Fairfax Family (1670-1975). This series includes artwork, correspondence, indentures, photographs, postcards, and stamps.","Series 5: Mixed Media (1712-2004). This series includes advertisements, campaign materials, maps, money orders, photographs, and publications."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFor materials created before 1900: No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor materials created after 1900: The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated. (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["For materials created before 1900: No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)","For materials created after 1900: The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated. (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_dbce34e7d3c1b76f0548428cd9e54373\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection includes artwork, campaign materials, correspondence, envelopes, indentures, maps, military paperwork, newspapers, paper currency, photographs, postcards, and publications on Virginia, particularly Fairfax County.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The collection includes artwork, campaign materials, correspondence, envelopes, indentures, maps, military paperwork, newspapers, paper currency, photographs, postcards, and publications on Virginia, particularly Fairfax County."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_565b698cd913a18e3d78aafff8fb538f\"\u003eR54, C2, S7-C3, S2\nMap Case 13.4, 13.5, 15.1\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R54, C2, S7-C3, S2\nMap Case 13.4, 13.5, 15.1"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Lytton, Randolph Hoopes, 1944-"],"names_coll_ssim":["Lytton, Randolph Hoopes, 1944-"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Lytton, Randolph Hoopes, 1944-"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":224,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:34:53.150Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_460_c02_c20"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"James M. Buchanan papers, 1800/2014","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Buchanan, Ann Bakke","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The James M. Buchanan papers consist of materials created primarily by economist James M. Buchanan (1919-2013) from the years 1936-2014. There are also materials created by the Center for Study of Public Choice, an academic unit associated with Virginia Tech (1969-1983) and George Mason University (1983-). The papers document Buchanan's career and academic output, primarily in the field of public choice economics and political economy.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_367.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"C0246","title_ssm":["James M. Buchanan papers"],"title_tesim":["James M. Buchanan papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1800s, 1930-2014"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1800s, 1930-2014"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1800/2014"],"normalized_title_ssm":["James M. Buchanan papers, 1800/2014"],"text":["James M. Buchanan papers, 1800/2014","C0246","/repositories/2/resources/367","Economics","Economists -- United States","Nobel Prize winners","Social choice","Correspondence","Manuscripts","Typescripts","Video recordings","Certain materials in the collection are restricted due to FERPA requirements and personally identifiable information. Letters of recommendation are restricted for 40 years from creation. Please see inventory for details.","Most of the materials in Series 9 were digitized. Please reach out to SCRC to access these materials.","There are no other access restrictions.","All If your request requires more research support, we recommend hiring someone to assist you on-site. Remote digitization requests will be evaluated based on the material content and our ability to provide copies.","The collection is arranged in nine series.","Series\n      Series 1: Biographical materials\n      Series 2: Correspondence\n      Series 3: Writings\n      Series 4: Academia\n      Series 5: Professional service\n      Series 6: Betty Tillman papers\n      Series 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers\n      Series 8: Writings by others\n      Series 9: Audiovisual and born-digital materials","James McGill Buchanan, Jr. was born on October 3, 1919 in Gum, Tennessee to Lila Scott (1889-1953) and James McGill Buchanan, Sr. (1888-1979). He had two younger sisters, Lila Scott Buchanan Graue (1922-2020) and Elizabeth Bradley. His paternal grandfather, John P. Buchanan (1847-1930), was a one-term governor of Tennessee from 1891 to 1893. James M. Buchanan attended Buchanan High School. He triple-majored in English, mathematics, and economics at Middle Tennessee State University from 1936 to 1940. He received a Master's of the Arts in economics from the University of Tennessee, Knoxville in 1941. Buchanan then attended the Naval War College and served on the operations staff of Admiral Chester W. Nimitz from 1941 to 1945. In that role, he was stationed in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, and Guam. He met his wife, Ann Bakke (August 21, 1909-November 14, 2005) in 1943. She was born in Jamestown, North Dakota. She served with the Army Air Transport Command at Hickham Field, Oahu. In 1945 the couple married in San Francisco, California.","From 1946 to 1948 Buchanan attended the University of Chicago, where he graduated with a Ph.D. in economics. After graduation, he taught at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville as an associate professor from 1948 to 1951, and then as a full professor at Florida State University, Tallahassee from 1951 to 1956. In 1955 he was awarded a Fulbright fellowship to study in Italy for a year. In 1956 he was hired at the University of Virginia as the chair of the economics department. It was there that he co-founded the Thomas Jefferson Center for Studies in Political Economy in 1958. That same year, he published Public Principles of Public Debt. In 1962, Buchanan and co-author Gordon Tullock published The Calculus of Consent.","Buchanan worked at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) for one academic year (1968-1969) as a professor of economics. In 1969 he was hired at Virginia Polytechnic Institute (VPI, now known as Virginia Tech), as a University Distinguished Professor. He became general director of the Center for Study of Public Choice, the successor institution to the Thomas Jefferson Center for Political Economy. Buchanan continued to publish books during his time at VPI, including Cost and Choice (1969), Academia in Anarchy with Nicos Devletoglou (1970), The Limits of Liberty (1975), and The Power to Tax with Geoffrey Brennan (1980).","In 1983, Buchanan and the Center for the Study of Public Choice moved from VPI to George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia. After the move, he split his time between Fairfax and his farm in Blacksburg, Virginia. In 1986, Buchanan was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in economics. While at Mason, he published The Reason of Rules (1985), Better than Plowing (1992), and Politics by Principle, Not Interest with Roger Congleton (1998). He formally retired from Mason in September 1999 but continued to work both at Mason and Virginia Tech until his death on January 9, 2013.","Buchanan was known for his contribution to the field of public choice, which uses economic principles to analyze the rules and actions of government and public sector. It was this theory which led to his Nobel award.","Born on March 19, 1927, Betty Jane Hall Tillman (also known as Betty Ross from 1977 to 1984) received an associate's degree from The Jefferson School of Commerce at Charlottesville, Virginia in 1945. She worked for Buchanan at the University of Virginia from August 14, 1961 to August 1969, at VPI from September 1, 1969 to June 1983, and at George Mason University from July 1, 1983 until her retirement in April 2007. Tillman had multiple responsibilities including handling Buchanan's correspondence, scheduling his events, coordinating Liberty Fund conferences, organizing activities at the Center for Study of Public Choice, and assisting graduate students and faculty associated with the Center. At the time of her retirement her position was administrative director of the Center for Study of Public Choice. She had three children. Tillman died on October 2, 2013.","Jo Ann Burgess was born on June 27, 1948. She began work at the Center for the Study of Public Choice at George Mason University in 1989. Previously, Burgess lived around the world working for the State Department and the U.S military. She had four children with her husband, Roger. Burgess had many varied responsibilities at the Center including organizing Buchanan's archival papers, and administrative duties for the Public Choice Society. She edited Buchanan's published work in the 1990s and 2000s, including editing The Collected Works of James Buchanan and The Selected Works of Gordon Tullock for the Liberty Fund. After Tillman's retirement, Burgess took on additional responsibilities related to handling Buchanan's correspondence and scheduling, and additional administrative duties at the Center. Burgess retired in the summer of 2014. She died on March 19, 2020.","This collection was processed by Rebecca Thayer as part of a National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) grant project from March 2021 to March 2023.","Initial processing of the collection was begun after James M. Buchanan's death in 2013, while the papers were at Buchanan House (also known as Roberts House), where the offices of Buchanan, Betty Tillman, Jo Ann Burgess, and the Center for Study of Public Choice were then located. Processing at this time was done by Greta Suiter, then-Processing Coordinator at the Special Collections Research Center (SCRC), and Solomon Stein, then-economics PhD student at Mason. Stein and Suiter established an initial arrangement scheme and began foldering and sorting materials accordingly. Elizabeth Beckman, then-Processing Coordinator, continued arrangement and refoldering work alongside Stein at Buchanan House from 2014 to 2016. 145 linear feet of materials were ultimately arranged during this time. The following series were created: Correspondence, Academic (Subseries: Courses taken and Courses taught), Conferences (Subseries: Conferences attended and Conferences held), Writings, Articles Read, and Administrative.","Materials were boxed up and brought to Fenwick in Spring 2017. Beckman completed EAD markup of a preliminary finding aid with the processed materials in June 2017. Processing was paused in 2017 to apply for a NEH grant to hire a dedicated processing archivist. The grant was approved to start in 2020 but was delayed for several months due to the COVID-19 pandemic.","Rebecca Thayer was hired in March 2021 to process the collection. She surveyed the arranged part of the collection (145 linear feet) and the unprocessed part (147 linear feet) to create a processing plan. This plan included adjustments to the original arrangement scheme based on material in the unprocessed section of the papers. A large number of the eventual Jo Ann Burgess papers series materials were in the unprocessed section of the collection, although the unprocessed section did contain materials from all series.","The prior arrangement scheme did not preserve Tillman and Burgess' files as discrete series, so it is likely that some materials created by Tillman or Burgess were dispersed into the various other series. Some materials in the correspondence series especially which were obviously correspondence involving only Tillman, Burgess, or Ann Bakke Buchanan, were removed to their respective series and subseries. However, Thayer did not attempt a systematic review of materials in other series such as Professional Services and Academia in order to separate out Tillman and Burgess-created files from Buchanan-created files. This has resulted in some significant overlap between those series and the Betty Tillman papers and Jo Ann Burgess papers series. This does reflect the significant overlap in work responsibilities of Tillman, Burgess, Buchanan, and the Center as seen in the materials.","Processors prior to the NEH grant appear to have filed out materials that were originally grouped in large miscellaneous folders. Buchanan, Tillman, and Burgess do not seem to have created many files with only one or two emails or letters, preferring larger bulk folders. However, in the collection there are now many individual folders with correspondents that seem to have been created from larger files. No additional filing out of material was done under the NEH grant.","Thayer arranged the unprocessed materials and reprocessed the previously arranged materials, combining the two. Mason Graduate Research Assistant Rachel Barton and undergraduate assistants Colin McDonald and Vilma Chicas Garcia assisted with arrangement, reboxing, and inventory creation. Amanda Menjivar, Manuscripts and Archives Librarian, assisted with finding aid data entry and publishing.","The James M. Buchanan papers largely consist of correspondence, writings, and administrative files created between the years 1930-2014. The collection contains 9 series.","Series 1: Biographical materials (circa 1800s, 1944-2012) contains information about James M. Buchanan's life and career. It is further divided into four subseries. Subseries 1.1: Ann Bakke Buchanan papers contains materials created by Ann Bakke Buchanan, James M. Buchanan's wife. Materials include correspondence, recipe cards, notebooks, calendars, and photographs. Some of the correspondence is in Norwegian, and some addressed to both James and Ann as a couple. Subseries 1.2: Awards contains newspapers clippings, congratulatory letters, photographs, and memorabilia relating to awards Buchanan received during his career. The majority of the materials relate to the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics. Subseries 1.3: Education contains study notes, essays, syllabi, and research notes from Buchanan's education, mostly from his PhD study at the University of Chicago. Subseries 1.4: Clippings contains newspaper and magazine clippings about Buchanan, including articles about his work, interviews, and reports on events he attended.","Series 2: Correspondence (1951-2014) contains letters, emails, memoranda, cards, and other forms of written communication, mostly dealing with Buchanan's professional career. Subseries 2.1: Alphabetical correspondence contains the bulk of the correspondence, filed alphabetically by correspondent, subject, or name of an organization. Subseries 2.2: Chronological correspondence is a small amount of unrelated correspondence that was grouped together in date ranges, likely by either Buchanan himself, or his assistants Betty Tillman and Jo Ann Burgess.","Series 3: Writings (1946-2012) contains drafts, typescripts, photocopies, notes, and reprints of Buchanan's books, articles, speaking lectures, and unpublished material. There are also research files relating to some of his writing projects, and some correspondence with publishers, coauthors, and reviewers.","Series 4: Academia (1946-2013) contains correspondence, reports, planning documents, and grant files relating to Buchanan's work at various universities, primarily University of Virginia, Virginia Polytechnic Institute (now Virginia Tech), and George Mason University. Subseries 4.1: Administration contains reports, memoranda, correspondence, photographs, calendars, and planning documents relating to department and university business. Subseries 4.2: Teaching contains lecture notes, drafts, syllabi, exams, and readings relating to classes taught by Buchanan over the course of his career. Subseries 4.3: Grants contains correspondence and applications for grant projects undertaken by Buchanan and collaborators. Subseries 4.4: Thomas Jefferson Center for Studies in Political Economy contains annual reports, photographs, and correspondence from the University of Virginia's Thomas Jefferson Center, which was active from 1958 to 1968. Subseries 4.5: Center for Study of Public Choice contains annual reports, conference information, grants, planning documents, board meeting minutes, and correspondence relating to the Center, an academic unit at Virginia Polytechnic Institute from 1968 to 1983 and at George Mason University from 1983 onwards.","Series 5: Professional Service (1958-2013) This series contains materials relating to Buchanan's professional activities outside of his university responsibilities. Subseries 5.1: Conferences and events contains correspondence, schedules, planning documents, papers and lecture notes, and travel documents from conferences, speaking engagements, and other events attended by Buchanan during his career. Subseries 5.2: Consulting and organizations contains annual reports and correspondence relating to Buchanan's work with various organizations outside of his work as a university professor.","Series 6: Betty Tillman papers (1968-2008) contains files created by Betty Tillman, administrative assistant to Buchanan and administrative director of the Center for Study of Public Choice. Subseries 6.1: Correspondence contains letters, emails, memoranda, and cards sent and received by Tillman. Subseries 6.2: Office administration contains planning documents, organizational files, and other materials relating to Tillman's handling of Buchanan's and Center for the Study of Public Choice office functions. Subseries 6.3: Conferences, events and travel contains correspondence, calendars, schedules, and travel documents relating to events attended by Buchanan, coordinated by Tillman. It also contains materials created by Tillman as the conference coordinator for the Liberty Fund and Center conferences and events.","Series 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers (1972-2014) contains files created by Jo Ann Burgess, administrative assistant and editor to Buchanan and secretary for the Public Choice Society. Subseries 7.1: Correspondence contains emails, letters, cards, notes, and memoranda, both personal and relating to Burgess' work with Buchanan and the Center for Study of Public Choice. Subseries 7.2: Office administration contains correspondence, calendars, notes, program files, and edited drafts created as part of Burgess' duties working for the Center for Study of Public Choice and as an assistant to Buchanan. Subseries 7.3: Liberty Fund editorial work contains planning documents, correspondence, and drafts created as part of Burgess' work editing The Collected Works of James M. Buchanan and The Selected Works of Gordon Tullock on behalf of the Liberty Fund. Subseries 7.4: Public Choice Society contains correspondence, conference planning documents, and administrative files created as part of Burgess' work as the secretary of the Public Choice Society, a professional organization.","Series 8: Writings by others (1930-2014) contains articles, book drafts, and other writings by authors other than Buchanan. Some materials have notes and annotations. Some writings are about Buchanan and his ideas.","Series 9: Audiovisual and born-digital materials (circa 1970s-2013) contains audiocassettes, videotapes, CDs, DVDs, floppy disks, and associated paper materials. Topics include recordings of the Nobel ceremony and press coverage; interviews and lectures by Buchanan and others and Center for Study of Public Choice events.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","The James M. Buchanan papers consist of materials created primarily by economist James M. Buchanan (1919-2013) from the years 1936-2014. There are also materials created by the Center for Study of Public Choice, an academic unit associated with Virginia Tech (1969-1983) and George Mason University (1983-). The papers document Buchanan's career and academic output, primarily in the field of public choice economics and political economy.","R 101 - 102\n\nOS R 1, C 3, S 3-5\nMap Case 24.1","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University. Center for Study of Public Choice","Public Choice Society","Buchanan, Ann Bakke","Buchanan, James M.","Burgess, Jo Ann S.","Tillman, Betty H.","The bulk of the materials are in English. Additional languages in the collection include German, Italian, French, Spanish, Norwegian, Dutch, Turkish, Japanese, Korean, and Chinese."],"collection_title_tesim":["James M. Buchanan papers, 1800/2014"],"collection_ssim":["James M. Buchanan papers, 1800/2014"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0246","/repositories/2/resources/367"],"unitid_tesim":["C0246","/repositories/2/resources/367"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["Buchanan, Ann Bakke","Buchanan, James M.","Burgess, Jo Ann S.","Tillman, Betty H."],"creator_ssim":["Buchanan, Ann Bakke","Buchanan, James M.","Burgess, Jo Ann S.","Tillman, Betty H."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Buchanan, Ann Bakke","Buchanan, James M.","Burgess, Jo Ann S.","Tillman, Betty H."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University. Center for Study of Public Choice","Public Choice Society"],"creators_ssim":["Buchanan, Ann Bakke","Buchanan, James M.","Burgess, Jo Ann S.","Tillman, Betty H.","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University. Center for Study of Public Choice","Public Choice Society"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Acquired by George Mason University Special Collections Research Center in September 2016. Additional materials acquired in April 2021."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Economics","Economists -- United States","Nobel Prize winners","Social choice","Correspondence","Manuscripts","Typescripts","Video recordings"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Economics","Economists -- United States","Nobel Prize winners","Social choice","Correspondence","Manuscripts","Typescripts","Video recordings"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["270 Linear Feet 546 boxes, one map case"],"extent_tesim":["270 Linear Feet 546 boxes, one map case"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Manuscripts","Typescripts","Video recordings"],"date_range_isim":[1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nCertain materials in the collection are restricted due to FERPA requirements and personally identifiable information. Letters of recommendation are restricted for 40 years from creation. Please see inventory for details.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMost of the materials in Series 9 were digitized. Please reach out to SCRC to access these materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere are no other access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAll If your request requires more research support, we recommend hiring someone to assist you on-site. Remote digitization requests will be evaluated based on the material content and our ability to provide copies.\u003c/p\u003e\n  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Certain materials in the collection are restricted due to FERPA requirements and personally identifiable information. Letters of recommendation are restricted for 40 years from creation. Please see inventory for details.","Most of the materials in Series 9 were digitized. Please reach out to SCRC to access these materials.","There are no other access restrictions.","All If your request requires more research support, we recommend hiring someone to assist you on-site. Remote digitization requests will be evaluated based on the material content and our ability to provide copies."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in nine series.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eSeries\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Biographical materials\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Correspondence\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: Writings\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 4: Academia\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 5: Professional service\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 6: Betty Tillman papers\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 8: Writings by others\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 9: Audiovisual and born-digital materials\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in nine series.","Series\n      Series 1: Biographical materials\n      Series 2: Correspondence\n      Series 3: Writings\n      Series 4: Academia\n      Series 5: Professional service\n      Series 6: Betty Tillman papers\n      Series 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers\n      Series 8: Writings by others\n      Series 9: Audiovisual and born-digital materials"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames McGill Buchanan, Jr. was born on October 3, 1919 in Gum, Tennessee to Lila Scott (1889-1953) and James McGill Buchanan, Sr. (1888-1979). He had two younger sisters, Lila Scott Buchanan Graue (1922-2020) and Elizabeth Bradley. His paternal grandfather, John P. Buchanan (1847-1930), was a one-term governor of Tennessee from 1891 to 1893. James M. Buchanan attended Buchanan High School. He triple-majored in English, mathematics, and economics at Middle Tennessee State University from 1936 to 1940. He received a Master's of the Arts in economics from the University of Tennessee, Knoxville in 1941. Buchanan then attended the Naval War College and served on the operations staff of Admiral Chester W. Nimitz from 1941 to 1945. In that role, he was stationed in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, and Guam. He met his wife, Ann Bakke (August 21, 1909-November 14, 2005) in 1943. She was born in Jamestown, North Dakota. She served with the Army Air Transport Command at Hickham Field, Oahu. In 1945 the couple married in San Francisco, California. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom 1946 to 1948 Buchanan attended the University of Chicago, where he graduated with a Ph.D. in economics. After graduation, he taught at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville as an associate professor from 1948 to 1951, and then as a full professor at Florida State University, Tallahassee from 1951 to 1956. In 1955 he was awarded a Fulbright fellowship to study in Italy for a year. In 1956 he was hired at the University of Virginia as the chair of the economics department. It was there that he co-founded the Thomas Jefferson Center for Studies in Political Economy in 1958. That same year, he published \u003ctitle\u003ePublic Principles of Public Debt\u003c/title\u003e. In 1962, Buchanan and co-author Gordon Tullock published \u003ctitle\u003eThe Calculus of Consent\u003c/title\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBuchanan worked at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) for one academic year (1968-1969) as a professor of economics. In 1969 he was hired at Virginia Polytechnic Institute (VPI, now known as Virginia Tech), as a University Distinguished Professor. He became general director of the Center for Study of Public Choice, the successor institution to the Thomas Jefferson Center for Political Economy. Buchanan continued to publish books during his time at VPI, including \u003ctitle\u003eCost and Choice\u003c/title\u003e (1969), \u003ctitle\u003eAcademia in Anarchy\u003c/title\u003e with Nicos Devletoglou (1970), \u003ctitle\u003eThe Limits of Liberty\u003c/title\u003e (1975), and \u003ctitle\u003eThe Power to Tax\u003c/title\u003e with Geoffrey Brennan (1980). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1983, Buchanan and the Center for the Study of Public Choice moved from VPI to George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia. After the move, he split his time between Fairfax and his farm in Blacksburg, Virginia. In 1986, Buchanan was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in economics. While at Mason, he published \u003ctitle\u003eThe Reason of Rules\u003c/title\u003e (1985), \u003ctitle\u003eBetter than Plowing\u003c/title\u003e (1992), and \u003ctitle\u003ePolitics by Principle, Not Interest\u003c/title\u003e with Roger Congleton (1998). He formally retired from Mason in September 1999 but continued to work both at Mason and Virginia Tech until his death on January 9, 2013. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBuchanan was known for his contribution to the field of public choice, which uses economic principles to analyze the rules and actions of government and public sector. It was this theory which led to his Nobel award. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBorn on March 19, 1927, Betty Jane Hall Tillman (also known as Betty Ross from 1977 to 1984) received an associate's degree from The Jefferson School of Commerce at Charlottesville, Virginia in 1945. She worked for Buchanan at the University of Virginia from August 14, 1961 to August 1969, at VPI from September 1, 1969 to June 1983, and at George Mason University from July 1, 1983 until her retirement in April 2007. Tillman had multiple responsibilities including handling Buchanan's correspondence, scheduling his events, coordinating Liberty Fund conferences, organizing activities at the Center for Study of Public Choice, and assisting graduate students and faculty associated with the Center. At the time of her retirement her position was administrative director of the Center for Study of Public Choice. She had three children. Tillman died on October 2, 2013.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJo Ann Burgess was born on June 27, 1948. She began work at the Center for the Study of Public Choice at George Mason University in 1989. Previously, Burgess lived around the world working for the State Department and the U.S military. She had four children with her husband, Roger. Burgess had many varied responsibilities at the Center including organizing Buchanan's archival papers, and administrative duties for the Public Choice Society. She edited Buchanan's published work in the 1990s and 2000s, including editing \u003ctitle\u003eThe Collected Works of James Buchanan\u003c/title\u003e and \u003ctitle\u003eThe Selected Works of Gordon Tullock\u003c/title\u003e for the Liberty Fund. After Tillman's retirement, Burgess took on additional responsibilities related to handling Buchanan's correspondence and scheduling, and additional administrative duties at the Center. Burgess retired in the summer of 2014. She died on March 19, 2020.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical and Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["James McGill Buchanan, Jr. was born on October 3, 1919 in Gum, Tennessee to Lila Scott (1889-1953) and James McGill Buchanan, Sr. (1888-1979). He had two younger sisters, Lila Scott Buchanan Graue (1922-2020) and Elizabeth Bradley. His paternal grandfather, John P. Buchanan (1847-1930), was a one-term governor of Tennessee from 1891 to 1893. James M. Buchanan attended Buchanan High School. He triple-majored in English, mathematics, and economics at Middle Tennessee State University from 1936 to 1940. He received a Master's of the Arts in economics from the University of Tennessee, Knoxville in 1941. Buchanan then attended the Naval War College and served on the operations staff of Admiral Chester W. Nimitz from 1941 to 1945. In that role, he was stationed in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, and Guam. He met his wife, Ann Bakke (August 21, 1909-November 14, 2005) in 1943. She was born in Jamestown, North Dakota. She served with the Army Air Transport Command at Hickham Field, Oahu. In 1945 the couple married in San Francisco, California.","From 1946 to 1948 Buchanan attended the University of Chicago, where he graduated with a Ph.D. in economics. After graduation, he taught at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville as an associate professor from 1948 to 1951, and then as a full professor at Florida State University, Tallahassee from 1951 to 1956. In 1955 he was awarded a Fulbright fellowship to study in Italy for a year. In 1956 he was hired at the University of Virginia as the chair of the economics department. It was there that he co-founded the Thomas Jefferson Center for Studies in Political Economy in 1958. That same year, he published Public Principles of Public Debt. In 1962, Buchanan and co-author Gordon Tullock published The Calculus of Consent.","Buchanan worked at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) for one academic year (1968-1969) as a professor of economics. In 1969 he was hired at Virginia Polytechnic Institute (VPI, now known as Virginia Tech), as a University Distinguished Professor. He became general director of the Center for Study of Public Choice, the successor institution to the Thomas Jefferson Center for Political Economy. Buchanan continued to publish books during his time at VPI, including Cost and Choice (1969), Academia in Anarchy with Nicos Devletoglou (1970), The Limits of Liberty (1975), and The Power to Tax with Geoffrey Brennan (1980).","In 1983, Buchanan and the Center for the Study of Public Choice moved from VPI to George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia. After the move, he split his time between Fairfax and his farm in Blacksburg, Virginia. In 1986, Buchanan was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in economics. While at Mason, he published The Reason of Rules (1985), Better than Plowing (1992), and Politics by Principle, Not Interest with Roger Congleton (1998). He formally retired from Mason in September 1999 but continued to work both at Mason and Virginia Tech until his death on January 9, 2013.","Buchanan was known for his contribution to the field of public choice, which uses economic principles to analyze the rules and actions of government and public sector. It was this theory which led to his Nobel award.","Born on March 19, 1927, Betty Jane Hall Tillman (also known as Betty Ross from 1977 to 1984) received an associate's degree from The Jefferson School of Commerce at Charlottesville, Virginia in 1945. She worked for Buchanan at the University of Virginia from August 14, 1961 to August 1969, at VPI from September 1, 1969 to June 1983, and at George Mason University from July 1, 1983 until her retirement in April 2007. Tillman had multiple responsibilities including handling Buchanan's correspondence, scheduling his events, coordinating Liberty Fund conferences, organizing activities at the Center for Study of Public Choice, and assisting graduate students and faculty associated with the Center. At the time of her retirement her position was administrative director of the Center for Study of Public Choice. She had three children. Tillman died on October 2, 2013.","Jo Ann Burgess was born on June 27, 1948. She began work at the Center for the Study of Public Choice at George Mason University in 1989. Previously, Burgess lived around the world working for the State Department and the U.S military. She had four children with her husband, Roger. Burgess had many varied responsibilities at the Center including organizing Buchanan's archival papers, and administrative duties for the Public Choice Society. She edited Buchanan's published work in the 1990s and 2000s, including editing The Collected Works of James Buchanan and The Selected Works of Gordon Tullock for the Liberty Fund. After Tillman's retirement, Burgess took on additional responsibilities related to handling Buchanan's correspondence and scheduling, and additional administrative duties at the Center. Burgess retired in the summer of 2014. She died on March 19, 2020."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames M. Buchanan papers, C0246, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["James M. Buchanan papers, C0246, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection was processed by Rebecca Thayer as part of a National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) grant project from March 2021 to March 2023.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInitial processing of the collection was begun after James M. Buchanan's death in 2013, while the papers were at Buchanan House (also known as Roberts House), where the offices of Buchanan, Betty Tillman, Jo Ann Burgess, and the Center for Study of Public Choice were then located. Processing at this time was done by Greta Suiter, then-Processing Coordinator at the Special Collections Research Center (SCRC), and Solomon Stein, then-economics PhD student at Mason. Stein and Suiter established an initial arrangement scheme and began foldering and sorting materials accordingly. Elizabeth Beckman, then-Processing Coordinator, continued arrangement and refoldering work alongside Stein at Buchanan House from 2014 to 2016. 145 linear feet of materials were ultimately arranged during this time. The following series were created: Correspondence, Academic (Subseries: Courses taken and Courses taught), Conferences (Subseries: Conferences attended and Conferences held), Writings, Articles Read, and Administrative.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials were boxed up and brought to Fenwick in Spring 2017. Beckman completed EAD markup of a preliminary finding aid with the processed materials in June 2017. Processing was paused in 2017 to apply for a NEH grant to hire a dedicated processing archivist. The grant was approved to start in 2020 but was delayed for several months due to the COVID-19 pandemic.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRebecca Thayer was hired in March 2021 to process the collection. She surveyed the arranged part of the collection (145 linear feet) and the unprocessed part (147 linear feet) to create a processing plan. This plan included adjustments to the original arrangement scheme based on material in the unprocessed section of the papers. A large number of the eventual Jo Ann Burgess papers series materials were in the unprocessed section of the collection, although the unprocessed section did contain materials from all series. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe prior arrangement scheme did not preserve Tillman and Burgess' files as discrete series, so it is likely that some materials created by Tillman or Burgess were dispersed into the various other series. Some materials in the correspondence series especially which were obviously correspondence involving only Tillman, Burgess, or Ann Bakke Buchanan, were removed to their respective series and subseries. However, Thayer did not attempt a systematic review of materials in other series such as Professional Services and Academia in order to separate out Tillman and Burgess-created files from Buchanan-created files. This has resulted in some significant overlap between those series and the Betty Tillman papers and Jo Ann Burgess papers series. This does reflect the significant overlap in work responsibilities of Tillman, Burgess, Buchanan, and the Center as seen in the materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProcessors prior to the NEH grant appear to have filed out materials that were originally grouped in large miscellaneous folders. Buchanan, Tillman, and Burgess do not seem to have created many files with only one or two emails or letters, preferring larger bulk folders. However, in the collection there are now many individual folders with correspondents that seem to have been created from larger files. No additional filing out of material was done under the NEH grant.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThayer arranged the unprocessed materials and reprocessed the previously arranged materials, combining the two. Mason Graduate Research Assistant Rachel Barton and undergraduate assistants Colin McDonald and Vilma Chicas Garcia assisted with arrangement, reboxing, and inventory creation. Amanda Menjivar, Manuscripts and Archives Librarian, assisted with finding aid data entry and publishing.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["This collection was processed by Rebecca Thayer as part of a National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) grant project from March 2021 to March 2023.","Initial processing of the collection was begun after James M. Buchanan's death in 2013, while the papers were at Buchanan House (also known as Roberts House), where the offices of Buchanan, Betty Tillman, Jo Ann Burgess, and the Center for Study of Public Choice were then located. Processing at this time was done by Greta Suiter, then-Processing Coordinator at the Special Collections Research Center (SCRC), and Solomon Stein, then-economics PhD student at Mason. Stein and Suiter established an initial arrangement scheme and began foldering and sorting materials accordingly. Elizabeth Beckman, then-Processing Coordinator, continued arrangement and refoldering work alongside Stein at Buchanan House from 2014 to 2016. 145 linear feet of materials were ultimately arranged during this time. The following series were created: Correspondence, Academic (Subseries: Courses taken and Courses taught), Conferences (Subseries: Conferences attended and Conferences held), Writings, Articles Read, and Administrative.","Materials were boxed up and brought to Fenwick in Spring 2017. Beckman completed EAD markup of a preliminary finding aid with the processed materials in June 2017. Processing was paused in 2017 to apply for a NEH grant to hire a dedicated processing archivist. The grant was approved to start in 2020 but was delayed for several months due to the COVID-19 pandemic.","Rebecca Thayer was hired in March 2021 to process the collection. She surveyed the arranged part of the collection (145 linear feet) and the unprocessed part (147 linear feet) to create a processing plan. This plan included adjustments to the original arrangement scheme based on material in the unprocessed section of the papers. A large number of the eventual Jo Ann Burgess papers series materials were in the unprocessed section of the collection, although the unprocessed section did contain materials from all series.","The prior arrangement scheme did not preserve Tillman and Burgess' files as discrete series, so it is likely that some materials created by Tillman or Burgess were dispersed into the various other series. Some materials in the correspondence series especially which were obviously correspondence involving only Tillman, Burgess, or Ann Bakke Buchanan, were removed to their respective series and subseries. However, Thayer did not attempt a systematic review of materials in other series such as Professional Services and Academia in order to separate out Tillman and Burgess-created files from Buchanan-created files. This has resulted in some significant overlap between those series and the Betty Tillman papers and Jo Ann Burgess papers series. This does reflect the significant overlap in work responsibilities of Tillman, Burgess, Buchanan, and the Center as seen in the materials.","Processors prior to the NEH grant appear to have filed out materials that were originally grouped in large miscellaneous folders. Buchanan, Tillman, and Burgess do not seem to have created many files with only one or two emails or letters, preferring larger bulk folders. However, in the collection there are now many individual folders with correspondents that seem to have been created from larger files. No additional filing out of material was done under the NEH grant.","Thayer arranged the unprocessed materials and reprocessed the previously arranged materials, combining the two. Mason Graduate Research Assistant Rachel Barton and undergraduate assistants Colin McDonald and Vilma Chicas Garcia assisted with arrangement, reboxing, and inventory creation. Amanda Menjivar, Manuscripts and Archives Librarian, assisted with finding aid data entry and publishing."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe James M. Buchanan papers largely consist of correspondence, writings, and administrative files created between the years 1930-2014. The collection contains 9 series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Biographical materials (circa 1800s, 1944-2012) contains information about James M. Buchanan's life and career. It is further divided into four subseries. Subseries 1.1: Ann Bakke Buchanan papers contains materials created by Ann Bakke Buchanan, James M. Buchanan's wife. Materials include correspondence, recipe cards, notebooks, calendars, and photographs. Some of the correspondence is in Norwegian, and some addressed to both James and Ann as a couple. Subseries 1.2: Awards contains newspapers clippings, congratulatory letters, photographs, and memorabilia relating to awards Buchanan received during his career. The majority of the materials relate to the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics. Subseries 1.3: Education contains study notes, essays, syllabi, and research notes from Buchanan's education, mostly from his PhD study at the University of Chicago. Subseries 1.4: Clippings contains newspaper and magazine clippings about Buchanan, including articles about his work, interviews, and reports on events he attended.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Correspondence (1951-2014) contains letters, emails, memoranda, cards, and other forms of written communication, mostly dealing with Buchanan's professional career. Subseries 2.1: Alphabetical correspondence contains the bulk of the correspondence, filed alphabetically by correspondent, subject, or name of an organization. Subseries 2.2: Chronological correspondence is a small amount of unrelated correspondence that was grouped together in date ranges, likely by either Buchanan himself, or his assistants Betty Tillman and Jo Ann Burgess.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Writings (1946-2012) contains drafts, typescripts, photocopies, notes, and reprints of Buchanan's books, articles, speaking lectures, and unpublished material. There are also research files relating to some of his writing projects, and some correspondence with publishers, coauthors, and reviewers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Academia (1946-2013) contains correspondence, reports, planning documents, and grant files relating to Buchanan's work at various universities, primarily University of Virginia, Virginia Polytechnic Institute (now Virginia Tech), and George Mason University. Subseries 4.1: Administration contains reports, memoranda, correspondence, photographs, calendars, and planning documents relating to department and university business. Subseries 4.2: Teaching contains lecture notes, drafts, syllabi, exams, and readings relating to classes taught by Buchanan over the course of his career. Subseries 4.3: Grants contains correspondence and applications for grant projects undertaken by Buchanan and collaborators. Subseries 4.4: Thomas Jefferson Center for Studies in Political Economy contains annual reports, photographs, and correspondence from the University of Virginia's Thomas Jefferson Center, which was active from 1958 to 1968. Subseries 4.5: Center for Study of Public Choice contains annual reports, conference information, grants, planning documents, board meeting minutes, and correspondence relating to the Center, an academic unit at Virginia Polytechnic Institute from 1968 to 1983 and at George Mason University from 1983 onwards.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Professional Service (1958-2013) This series contains materials relating to Buchanan's professional activities outside of his university responsibilities. Subseries 5.1: Conferences and events contains correspondence, schedules, planning documents, papers and lecture notes, and travel documents from conferences, speaking engagements, and other events attended by Buchanan during his career. Subseries 5.2: Consulting and organizations contains annual reports and correspondence relating to Buchanan's work with various organizations outside of his work as a university professor. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6: Betty Tillman papers (1968-2008) contains files created by Betty Tillman, administrative assistant to Buchanan and administrative director of the Center for Study of Public Choice. Subseries 6.1: Correspondence contains letters, emails, memoranda, and cards sent and received by Tillman. Subseries 6.2: Office administration contains planning documents, organizational files, and other materials relating to Tillman's handling of Buchanan's and Center for the Study of Public Choice office functions. Subseries 6.3: Conferences, events and travel contains correspondence, calendars, schedules, and travel documents relating to events attended by Buchanan, coordinated by Tillman. It also contains materials created by Tillman as the conference coordinator for the Liberty Fund and Center conferences and events.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers (1972-2014) contains files created by Jo Ann Burgess, administrative assistant and editor to Buchanan and secretary for the Public Choice Society. Subseries 7.1: Correspondence contains emails, letters, cards, notes, and memoranda, both personal and relating to Burgess' work with Buchanan and the Center for Study of Public Choice. Subseries 7.2: Office administration contains correspondence, calendars, notes, program files, and edited drafts created as part of Burgess' duties working for the Center for Study of Public Choice and as an assistant to Buchanan. Subseries 7.3: Liberty Fund editorial work contains planning documents, correspondence, and drafts created as part of Burgess' work editing \u003citalic\u003eThe Collected Works of James M. Buchanan\u003c/italic\u003e and \u003citalic\u003eThe Selected Works of Gordon Tullock\u003c/italic\u003e on behalf of the Liberty Fund. Subseries 7.4: Public Choice Society contains correspondence, conference planning documents, and administrative files created as part of Burgess' work as the secretary of the Public Choice Society, a professional organization. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 8: Writings by others (1930-2014) contains articles, book drafts, and other writings by authors other than Buchanan. Some materials have notes and annotations. Some writings are about Buchanan and his ideas. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 9: Audiovisual and born-digital materials (circa 1970s-2013) contains audiocassettes, videotapes, CDs, DVDs, floppy disks, and associated paper materials. Topics include recordings of the Nobel ceremony and press coverage; interviews and lectures by Buchanan and others and Center for Study of Public Choice events.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The James M. Buchanan papers largely consist of correspondence, writings, and administrative files created between the years 1930-2014. The collection contains 9 series.","Series 1: Biographical materials (circa 1800s, 1944-2012) contains information about James M. Buchanan's life and career. It is further divided into four subseries. Subseries 1.1: Ann Bakke Buchanan papers contains materials created by Ann Bakke Buchanan, James M. Buchanan's wife. Materials include correspondence, recipe cards, notebooks, calendars, and photographs. Some of the correspondence is in Norwegian, and some addressed to both James and Ann as a couple. Subseries 1.2: Awards contains newspapers clippings, congratulatory letters, photographs, and memorabilia relating to awards Buchanan received during his career. The majority of the materials relate to the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics. Subseries 1.3: Education contains study notes, essays, syllabi, and research notes from Buchanan's education, mostly from his PhD study at the University of Chicago. Subseries 1.4: Clippings contains newspaper and magazine clippings about Buchanan, including articles about his work, interviews, and reports on events he attended.","Series 2: Correspondence (1951-2014) contains letters, emails, memoranda, cards, and other forms of written communication, mostly dealing with Buchanan's professional career. Subseries 2.1: Alphabetical correspondence contains the bulk of the correspondence, filed alphabetically by correspondent, subject, or name of an organization. Subseries 2.2: Chronological correspondence is a small amount of unrelated correspondence that was grouped together in date ranges, likely by either Buchanan himself, or his assistants Betty Tillman and Jo Ann Burgess.","Series 3: Writings (1946-2012) contains drafts, typescripts, photocopies, notes, and reprints of Buchanan's books, articles, speaking lectures, and unpublished material. There are also research files relating to some of his writing projects, and some correspondence with publishers, coauthors, and reviewers.","Series 4: Academia (1946-2013) contains correspondence, reports, planning documents, and grant files relating to Buchanan's work at various universities, primarily University of Virginia, Virginia Polytechnic Institute (now Virginia Tech), and George Mason University. Subseries 4.1: Administration contains reports, memoranda, correspondence, photographs, calendars, and planning documents relating to department and university business. Subseries 4.2: Teaching contains lecture notes, drafts, syllabi, exams, and readings relating to classes taught by Buchanan over the course of his career. Subseries 4.3: Grants contains correspondence and applications for grant projects undertaken by Buchanan and collaborators. Subseries 4.4: Thomas Jefferson Center for Studies in Political Economy contains annual reports, photographs, and correspondence from the University of Virginia's Thomas Jefferson Center, which was active from 1958 to 1968. Subseries 4.5: Center for Study of Public Choice contains annual reports, conference information, grants, planning documents, board meeting minutes, and correspondence relating to the Center, an academic unit at Virginia Polytechnic Institute from 1968 to 1983 and at George Mason University from 1983 onwards.","Series 5: Professional Service (1958-2013) This series contains materials relating to Buchanan's professional activities outside of his university responsibilities. Subseries 5.1: Conferences and events contains correspondence, schedules, planning documents, papers and lecture notes, and travel documents from conferences, speaking engagements, and other events attended by Buchanan during his career. Subseries 5.2: Consulting and organizations contains annual reports and correspondence relating to Buchanan's work with various organizations outside of his work as a university professor.","Series 6: Betty Tillman papers (1968-2008) contains files created by Betty Tillman, administrative assistant to Buchanan and administrative director of the Center for Study of Public Choice. Subseries 6.1: Correspondence contains letters, emails, memoranda, and cards sent and received by Tillman. Subseries 6.2: Office administration contains planning documents, organizational files, and other materials relating to Tillman's handling of Buchanan's and Center for the Study of Public Choice office functions. Subseries 6.3: Conferences, events and travel contains correspondence, calendars, schedules, and travel documents relating to events attended by Buchanan, coordinated by Tillman. It also contains materials created by Tillman as the conference coordinator for the Liberty Fund and Center conferences and events.","Series 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers (1972-2014) contains files created by Jo Ann Burgess, administrative assistant and editor to Buchanan and secretary for the Public Choice Society. Subseries 7.1: Correspondence contains emails, letters, cards, notes, and memoranda, both personal and relating to Burgess' work with Buchanan and the Center for Study of Public Choice. Subseries 7.2: Office administration contains correspondence, calendars, notes, program files, and edited drafts created as part of Burgess' duties working for the Center for Study of Public Choice and as an assistant to Buchanan. Subseries 7.3: Liberty Fund editorial work contains planning documents, correspondence, and drafts created as part of Burgess' work editing The Collected Works of James M. Buchanan and The Selected Works of Gordon Tullock on behalf of the Liberty Fund. Subseries 7.4: Public Choice Society contains correspondence, conference planning documents, and administrative files created as part of Burgess' work as the secretary of the Public Choice Society, a professional organization.","Series 8: Writings by others (1930-2014) contains articles, book drafts, and other writings by authors other than Buchanan. Some materials have notes and annotations. Some writings are about Buchanan and his ideas.","Series 9: Audiovisual and born-digital materials (circa 1970s-2013) contains audiocassettes, videotapes, CDs, DVDs, floppy disks, and associated paper materials. Topics include recordings of the Nobel ceremony and press coverage; interviews and lectures by Buchanan and others and Center for Study of Public Choice events."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_0bc2473150c319436276a1da8ef369a9\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe James M. Buchanan papers consist of materials created primarily by economist James M. Buchanan (1919-2013) from the years 1936-2014. There are also materials created by the Center for Study of Public Choice, an academic unit associated with Virginia Tech (1969-1983) and George Mason University (1983-). The papers document Buchanan's career and academic output, primarily in the field of public choice economics and political economy.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The James M. Buchanan papers consist of materials created primarily by economist James M. Buchanan (1919-2013) from the years 1936-2014. There are also materials created by the Center for Study of Public Choice, an academic unit associated with Virginia Tech (1969-1983) and George Mason University (1983-). The papers document Buchanan's career and academic output, primarily in the field of public choice economics and political economy."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_b0c53c39bdb12bf69a095c3db88292a9\"\u003e\nR 101 - 102\n\nOS R 1, C 3, S 3-5\nMap Case 24.1\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R 101 - 102\n\nOS R 1, C 3, S 3-5\nMap Case 24.1"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University. Center for Study of Public Choice","Public Choice Society"],"names_coll_ssim":["George Mason University. Center for Study of Public Choice","Public Choice Society"],"persname_ssim":["Buchanan, Ann Bakke","Buchanan, James M.","Burgess, Jo Ann S.","Tillman, Betty H."],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University. Center for Study of Public Choice","Public Choice Society","Buchanan, Ann Bakke","Buchanan, James M.","Burgess, Jo Ann S.","Tillman, Betty H."],"language_ssim":["The bulk of the materials are in English. Additional languages in the collection include German, Italian, French, Spanish, Norwegian, Dutch, Turkish, Japanese, Korean, and Chinese."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":8943,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:34:42.576Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_367.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"C0246","title_ssm":["James M. Buchanan papers"],"title_tesim":["James M. Buchanan papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1800s, 1930-2014"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1800s, 1930-2014"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1800/2014"],"normalized_title_ssm":["James M. Buchanan papers, 1800/2014"],"text":["James M. Buchanan papers, 1800/2014","C0246","/repositories/2/resources/367","Economics","Economists -- United States","Nobel Prize winners","Social choice","Correspondence","Manuscripts","Typescripts","Video recordings","Certain materials in the collection are restricted due to FERPA requirements and personally identifiable information. Letters of recommendation are restricted for 40 years from creation. Please see inventory for details.","Most of the materials in Series 9 were digitized. Please reach out to SCRC to access these materials.","There are no other access restrictions.","All If your request requires more research support, we recommend hiring someone to assist you on-site. Remote digitization requests will be evaluated based on the material content and our ability to provide copies.","The collection is arranged in nine series.","Series\n      Series 1: Biographical materials\n      Series 2: Correspondence\n      Series 3: Writings\n      Series 4: Academia\n      Series 5: Professional service\n      Series 6: Betty Tillman papers\n      Series 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers\n      Series 8: Writings by others\n      Series 9: Audiovisual and born-digital materials","James McGill Buchanan, Jr. was born on October 3, 1919 in Gum, Tennessee to Lila Scott (1889-1953) and James McGill Buchanan, Sr. (1888-1979). He had two younger sisters, Lila Scott Buchanan Graue (1922-2020) and Elizabeth Bradley. His paternal grandfather, John P. Buchanan (1847-1930), was a one-term governor of Tennessee from 1891 to 1893. James M. Buchanan attended Buchanan High School. He triple-majored in English, mathematics, and economics at Middle Tennessee State University from 1936 to 1940. He received a Master's of the Arts in economics from the University of Tennessee, Knoxville in 1941. Buchanan then attended the Naval War College and served on the operations staff of Admiral Chester W. Nimitz from 1941 to 1945. In that role, he was stationed in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, and Guam. He met his wife, Ann Bakke (August 21, 1909-November 14, 2005) in 1943. She was born in Jamestown, North Dakota. She served with the Army Air Transport Command at Hickham Field, Oahu. In 1945 the couple married in San Francisco, California.","From 1946 to 1948 Buchanan attended the University of Chicago, where he graduated with a Ph.D. in economics. After graduation, he taught at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville as an associate professor from 1948 to 1951, and then as a full professor at Florida State University, Tallahassee from 1951 to 1956. In 1955 he was awarded a Fulbright fellowship to study in Italy for a year. In 1956 he was hired at the University of Virginia as the chair of the economics department. It was there that he co-founded the Thomas Jefferson Center for Studies in Political Economy in 1958. That same year, he published Public Principles of Public Debt. In 1962, Buchanan and co-author Gordon Tullock published The Calculus of Consent.","Buchanan worked at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) for one academic year (1968-1969) as a professor of economics. In 1969 he was hired at Virginia Polytechnic Institute (VPI, now known as Virginia Tech), as a University Distinguished Professor. He became general director of the Center for Study of Public Choice, the successor institution to the Thomas Jefferson Center for Political Economy. Buchanan continued to publish books during his time at VPI, including Cost and Choice (1969), Academia in Anarchy with Nicos Devletoglou (1970), The Limits of Liberty (1975), and The Power to Tax with Geoffrey Brennan (1980).","In 1983, Buchanan and the Center for the Study of Public Choice moved from VPI to George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia. After the move, he split his time between Fairfax and his farm in Blacksburg, Virginia. In 1986, Buchanan was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in economics. While at Mason, he published The Reason of Rules (1985), Better than Plowing (1992), and Politics by Principle, Not Interest with Roger Congleton (1998). He formally retired from Mason in September 1999 but continued to work both at Mason and Virginia Tech until his death on January 9, 2013.","Buchanan was known for his contribution to the field of public choice, which uses economic principles to analyze the rules and actions of government and public sector. It was this theory which led to his Nobel award.","Born on March 19, 1927, Betty Jane Hall Tillman (also known as Betty Ross from 1977 to 1984) received an associate's degree from The Jefferson School of Commerce at Charlottesville, Virginia in 1945. She worked for Buchanan at the University of Virginia from August 14, 1961 to August 1969, at VPI from September 1, 1969 to June 1983, and at George Mason University from July 1, 1983 until her retirement in April 2007. Tillman had multiple responsibilities including handling Buchanan's correspondence, scheduling his events, coordinating Liberty Fund conferences, organizing activities at the Center for Study of Public Choice, and assisting graduate students and faculty associated with the Center. At the time of her retirement her position was administrative director of the Center for Study of Public Choice. She had three children. Tillman died on October 2, 2013.","Jo Ann Burgess was born on June 27, 1948. She began work at the Center for the Study of Public Choice at George Mason University in 1989. Previously, Burgess lived around the world working for the State Department and the U.S military. She had four children with her husband, Roger. Burgess had many varied responsibilities at the Center including organizing Buchanan's archival papers, and administrative duties for the Public Choice Society. She edited Buchanan's published work in the 1990s and 2000s, including editing The Collected Works of James Buchanan and The Selected Works of Gordon Tullock for the Liberty Fund. After Tillman's retirement, Burgess took on additional responsibilities related to handling Buchanan's correspondence and scheduling, and additional administrative duties at the Center. Burgess retired in the summer of 2014. She died on March 19, 2020.","This collection was processed by Rebecca Thayer as part of a National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) grant project from March 2021 to March 2023.","Initial processing of the collection was begun after James M. Buchanan's death in 2013, while the papers were at Buchanan House (also known as Roberts House), where the offices of Buchanan, Betty Tillman, Jo Ann Burgess, and the Center for Study of Public Choice were then located. Processing at this time was done by Greta Suiter, then-Processing Coordinator at the Special Collections Research Center (SCRC), and Solomon Stein, then-economics PhD student at Mason. Stein and Suiter established an initial arrangement scheme and began foldering and sorting materials accordingly. Elizabeth Beckman, then-Processing Coordinator, continued arrangement and refoldering work alongside Stein at Buchanan House from 2014 to 2016. 145 linear feet of materials were ultimately arranged during this time. The following series were created: Correspondence, Academic (Subseries: Courses taken and Courses taught), Conferences (Subseries: Conferences attended and Conferences held), Writings, Articles Read, and Administrative.","Materials were boxed up and brought to Fenwick in Spring 2017. Beckman completed EAD markup of a preliminary finding aid with the processed materials in June 2017. Processing was paused in 2017 to apply for a NEH grant to hire a dedicated processing archivist. The grant was approved to start in 2020 but was delayed for several months due to the COVID-19 pandemic.","Rebecca Thayer was hired in March 2021 to process the collection. She surveyed the arranged part of the collection (145 linear feet) and the unprocessed part (147 linear feet) to create a processing plan. This plan included adjustments to the original arrangement scheme based on material in the unprocessed section of the papers. A large number of the eventual Jo Ann Burgess papers series materials were in the unprocessed section of the collection, although the unprocessed section did contain materials from all series.","The prior arrangement scheme did not preserve Tillman and Burgess' files as discrete series, so it is likely that some materials created by Tillman or Burgess were dispersed into the various other series. Some materials in the correspondence series especially which were obviously correspondence involving only Tillman, Burgess, or Ann Bakke Buchanan, were removed to their respective series and subseries. However, Thayer did not attempt a systematic review of materials in other series such as Professional Services and Academia in order to separate out Tillman and Burgess-created files from Buchanan-created files. This has resulted in some significant overlap between those series and the Betty Tillman papers and Jo Ann Burgess papers series. This does reflect the significant overlap in work responsibilities of Tillman, Burgess, Buchanan, and the Center as seen in the materials.","Processors prior to the NEH grant appear to have filed out materials that were originally grouped in large miscellaneous folders. Buchanan, Tillman, and Burgess do not seem to have created many files with only one or two emails or letters, preferring larger bulk folders. However, in the collection there are now many individual folders with correspondents that seem to have been created from larger files. No additional filing out of material was done under the NEH grant.","Thayer arranged the unprocessed materials and reprocessed the previously arranged materials, combining the two. Mason Graduate Research Assistant Rachel Barton and undergraduate assistants Colin McDonald and Vilma Chicas Garcia assisted with arrangement, reboxing, and inventory creation. Amanda Menjivar, Manuscripts and Archives Librarian, assisted with finding aid data entry and publishing.","The James M. Buchanan papers largely consist of correspondence, writings, and administrative files created between the years 1930-2014. The collection contains 9 series.","Series 1: Biographical materials (circa 1800s, 1944-2012) contains information about James M. Buchanan's life and career. It is further divided into four subseries. Subseries 1.1: Ann Bakke Buchanan papers contains materials created by Ann Bakke Buchanan, James M. Buchanan's wife. Materials include correspondence, recipe cards, notebooks, calendars, and photographs. Some of the correspondence is in Norwegian, and some addressed to both James and Ann as a couple. Subseries 1.2: Awards contains newspapers clippings, congratulatory letters, photographs, and memorabilia relating to awards Buchanan received during his career. The majority of the materials relate to the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics. Subseries 1.3: Education contains study notes, essays, syllabi, and research notes from Buchanan's education, mostly from his PhD study at the University of Chicago. Subseries 1.4: Clippings contains newspaper and magazine clippings about Buchanan, including articles about his work, interviews, and reports on events he attended.","Series 2: Correspondence (1951-2014) contains letters, emails, memoranda, cards, and other forms of written communication, mostly dealing with Buchanan's professional career. Subseries 2.1: Alphabetical correspondence contains the bulk of the correspondence, filed alphabetically by correspondent, subject, or name of an organization. Subseries 2.2: Chronological correspondence is a small amount of unrelated correspondence that was grouped together in date ranges, likely by either Buchanan himself, or his assistants Betty Tillman and Jo Ann Burgess.","Series 3: Writings (1946-2012) contains drafts, typescripts, photocopies, notes, and reprints of Buchanan's books, articles, speaking lectures, and unpublished material. There are also research files relating to some of his writing projects, and some correspondence with publishers, coauthors, and reviewers.","Series 4: Academia (1946-2013) contains correspondence, reports, planning documents, and grant files relating to Buchanan's work at various universities, primarily University of Virginia, Virginia Polytechnic Institute (now Virginia Tech), and George Mason University. Subseries 4.1: Administration contains reports, memoranda, correspondence, photographs, calendars, and planning documents relating to department and university business. Subseries 4.2: Teaching contains lecture notes, drafts, syllabi, exams, and readings relating to classes taught by Buchanan over the course of his career. Subseries 4.3: Grants contains correspondence and applications for grant projects undertaken by Buchanan and collaborators. Subseries 4.4: Thomas Jefferson Center for Studies in Political Economy contains annual reports, photographs, and correspondence from the University of Virginia's Thomas Jefferson Center, which was active from 1958 to 1968. Subseries 4.5: Center for Study of Public Choice contains annual reports, conference information, grants, planning documents, board meeting minutes, and correspondence relating to the Center, an academic unit at Virginia Polytechnic Institute from 1968 to 1983 and at George Mason University from 1983 onwards.","Series 5: Professional Service (1958-2013) This series contains materials relating to Buchanan's professional activities outside of his university responsibilities. Subseries 5.1: Conferences and events contains correspondence, schedules, planning documents, papers and lecture notes, and travel documents from conferences, speaking engagements, and other events attended by Buchanan during his career. Subseries 5.2: Consulting and organizations contains annual reports and correspondence relating to Buchanan's work with various organizations outside of his work as a university professor.","Series 6: Betty Tillman papers (1968-2008) contains files created by Betty Tillman, administrative assistant to Buchanan and administrative director of the Center for Study of Public Choice. Subseries 6.1: Correspondence contains letters, emails, memoranda, and cards sent and received by Tillman. Subseries 6.2: Office administration contains planning documents, organizational files, and other materials relating to Tillman's handling of Buchanan's and Center for the Study of Public Choice office functions. Subseries 6.3: Conferences, events and travel contains correspondence, calendars, schedules, and travel documents relating to events attended by Buchanan, coordinated by Tillman. It also contains materials created by Tillman as the conference coordinator for the Liberty Fund and Center conferences and events.","Series 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers (1972-2014) contains files created by Jo Ann Burgess, administrative assistant and editor to Buchanan and secretary for the Public Choice Society. Subseries 7.1: Correspondence contains emails, letters, cards, notes, and memoranda, both personal and relating to Burgess' work with Buchanan and the Center for Study of Public Choice. Subseries 7.2: Office administration contains correspondence, calendars, notes, program files, and edited drafts created as part of Burgess' duties working for the Center for Study of Public Choice and as an assistant to Buchanan. Subseries 7.3: Liberty Fund editorial work contains planning documents, correspondence, and drafts created as part of Burgess' work editing The Collected Works of James M. Buchanan and The Selected Works of Gordon Tullock on behalf of the Liberty Fund. Subseries 7.4: Public Choice Society contains correspondence, conference planning documents, and administrative files created as part of Burgess' work as the secretary of the Public Choice Society, a professional organization.","Series 8: Writings by others (1930-2014) contains articles, book drafts, and other writings by authors other than Buchanan. Some materials have notes and annotations. Some writings are about Buchanan and his ideas.","Series 9: Audiovisual and born-digital materials (circa 1970s-2013) contains audiocassettes, videotapes, CDs, DVDs, floppy disks, and associated paper materials. Topics include recordings of the Nobel ceremony and press coverage; interviews and lectures by Buchanan and others and Center for Study of Public Choice events.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","The James M. Buchanan papers consist of materials created primarily by economist James M. Buchanan (1919-2013) from the years 1936-2014. There are also materials created by the Center for Study of Public Choice, an academic unit associated with Virginia Tech (1969-1983) and George Mason University (1983-). The papers document Buchanan's career and academic output, primarily in the field of public choice economics and political economy.","R 101 - 102\n\nOS R 1, C 3, S 3-5\nMap Case 24.1","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University. Center for Study of Public Choice","Public Choice Society","Buchanan, Ann Bakke","Buchanan, James M.","Burgess, Jo Ann S.","Tillman, Betty H.","The bulk of the materials are in English. Additional languages in the collection include German, Italian, French, Spanish, Norwegian, Dutch, Turkish, Japanese, Korean, and Chinese."],"collection_title_tesim":["James M. Buchanan papers, 1800/2014"],"collection_ssim":["James M. Buchanan papers, 1800/2014"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0246","/repositories/2/resources/367"],"unitid_tesim":["C0246","/repositories/2/resources/367"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["Buchanan, Ann Bakke","Buchanan, James M.","Burgess, Jo Ann S.","Tillman, Betty H."],"creator_ssim":["Buchanan, Ann Bakke","Buchanan, James M.","Burgess, Jo Ann S.","Tillman, Betty H."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Buchanan, Ann Bakke","Buchanan, James M.","Burgess, Jo Ann S.","Tillman, Betty H."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University. Center for Study of Public Choice","Public Choice Society"],"creators_ssim":["Buchanan, Ann Bakke","Buchanan, James M.","Burgess, Jo Ann S.","Tillman, Betty H.","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University. Center for Study of Public Choice","Public Choice Society"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Acquired by George Mason University Special Collections Research Center in September 2016. Additional materials acquired in April 2021."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Economics","Economists -- United States","Nobel Prize winners","Social choice","Correspondence","Manuscripts","Typescripts","Video recordings"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Economics","Economists -- United States","Nobel Prize winners","Social choice","Correspondence","Manuscripts","Typescripts","Video recordings"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["270 Linear Feet 546 boxes, one map case"],"extent_tesim":["270 Linear Feet 546 boxes, one map case"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Manuscripts","Typescripts","Video recordings"],"date_range_isim":[1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nCertain materials in the collection are restricted due to FERPA requirements and personally identifiable information. Letters of recommendation are restricted for 40 years from creation. Please see inventory for details.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMost of the materials in Series 9 were digitized. Please reach out to SCRC to access these materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere are no other access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAll If your request requires more research support, we recommend hiring someone to assist you on-site. Remote digitization requests will be evaluated based on the material content and our ability to provide copies.\u003c/p\u003e\n  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Certain materials in the collection are restricted due to FERPA requirements and personally identifiable information. Letters of recommendation are restricted for 40 years from creation. Please see inventory for details.","Most of the materials in Series 9 were digitized. Please reach out to SCRC to access these materials.","There are no other access restrictions.","All If your request requires more research support, we recommend hiring someone to assist you on-site. Remote digitization requests will be evaluated based on the material content and our ability to provide copies."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in nine series.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eSeries\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Biographical materials\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Correspondence\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: Writings\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 4: Academia\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 5: Professional service\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 6: Betty Tillman papers\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 8: Writings by others\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 9: Audiovisual and born-digital materials\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in nine series.","Series\n      Series 1: Biographical materials\n      Series 2: Correspondence\n      Series 3: Writings\n      Series 4: Academia\n      Series 5: Professional service\n      Series 6: Betty Tillman papers\n      Series 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers\n      Series 8: Writings by others\n      Series 9: Audiovisual and born-digital materials"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames McGill Buchanan, Jr. was born on October 3, 1919 in Gum, Tennessee to Lila Scott (1889-1953) and James McGill Buchanan, Sr. (1888-1979). He had two younger sisters, Lila Scott Buchanan Graue (1922-2020) and Elizabeth Bradley. His paternal grandfather, John P. Buchanan (1847-1930), was a one-term governor of Tennessee from 1891 to 1893. James M. Buchanan attended Buchanan High School. He triple-majored in English, mathematics, and economics at Middle Tennessee State University from 1936 to 1940. He received a Master's of the Arts in economics from the University of Tennessee, Knoxville in 1941. Buchanan then attended the Naval War College and served on the operations staff of Admiral Chester W. Nimitz from 1941 to 1945. In that role, he was stationed in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, and Guam. He met his wife, Ann Bakke (August 21, 1909-November 14, 2005) in 1943. She was born in Jamestown, North Dakota. She served with the Army Air Transport Command at Hickham Field, Oahu. In 1945 the couple married in San Francisco, California. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom 1946 to 1948 Buchanan attended the University of Chicago, where he graduated with a Ph.D. in economics. After graduation, he taught at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville as an associate professor from 1948 to 1951, and then as a full professor at Florida State University, Tallahassee from 1951 to 1956. In 1955 he was awarded a Fulbright fellowship to study in Italy for a year. In 1956 he was hired at the University of Virginia as the chair of the economics department. It was there that he co-founded the Thomas Jefferson Center for Studies in Political Economy in 1958. That same year, he published \u003ctitle\u003ePublic Principles of Public Debt\u003c/title\u003e. In 1962, Buchanan and co-author Gordon Tullock published \u003ctitle\u003eThe Calculus of Consent\u003c/title\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBuchanan worked at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) for one academic year (1968-1969) as a professor of economics. In 1969 he was hired at Virginia Polytechnic Institute (VPI, now known as Virginia Tech), as a University Distinguished Professor. He became general director of the Center for Study of Public Choice, the successor institution to the Thomas Jefferson Center for Political Economy. Buchanan continued to publish books during his time at VPI, including \u003ctitle\u003eCost and Choice\u003c/title\u003e (1969), \u003ctitle\u003eAcademia in Anarchy\u003c/title\u003e with Nicos Devletoglou (1970), \u003ctitle\u003eThe Limits of Liberty\u003c/title\u003e (1975), and \u003ctitle\u003eThe Power to Tax\u003c/title\u003e with Geoffrey Brennan (1980). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1983, Buchanan and the Center for the Study of Public Choice moved from VPI to George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia. After the move, he split his time between Fairfax and his farm in Blacksburg, Virginia. In 1986, Buchanan was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in economics. While at Mason, he published \u003ctitle\u003eThe Reason of Rules\u003c/title\u003e (1985), \u003ctitle\u003eBetter than Plowing\u003c/title\u003e (1992), and \u003ctitle\u003ePolitics by Principle, Not Interest\u003c/title\u003e with Roger Congleton (1998). He formally retired from Mason in September 1999 but continued to work both at Mason and Virginia Tech until his death on January 9, 2013. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBuchanan was known for his contribution to the field of public choice, which uses economic principles to analyze the rules and actions of government and public sector. It was this theory which led to his Nobel award. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBorn on March 19, 1927, Betty Jane Hall Tillman (also known as Betty Ross from 1977 to 1984) received an associate's degree from The Jefferson School of Commerce at Charlottesville, Virginia in 1945. She worked for Buchanan at the University of Virginia from August 14, 1961 to August 1969, at VPI from September 1, 1969 to June 1983, and at George Mason University from July 1, 1983 until her retirement in April 2007. Tillman had multiple responsibilities including handling Buchanan's correspondence, scheduling his events, coordinating Liberty Fund conferences, organizing activities at the Center for Study of Public Choice, and assisting graduate students and faculty associated with the Center. At the time of her retirement her position was administrative director of the Center for Study of Public Choice. She had three children. Tillman died on October 2, 2013.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJo Ann Burgess was born on June 27, 1948. She began work at the Center for the Study of Public Choice at George Mason University in 1989. Previously, Burgess lived around the world working for the State Department and the U.S military. She had four children with her husband, Roger. Burgess had many varied responsibilities at the Center including organizing Buchanan's archival papers, and administrative duties for the Public Choice Society. She edited Buchanan's published work in the 1990s and 2000s, including editing \u003ctitle\u003eThe Collected Works of James Buchanan\u003c/title\u003e and \u003ctitle\u003eThe Selected Works of Gordon Tullock\u003c/title\u003e for the Liberty Fund. After Tillman's retirement, Burgess took on additional responsibilities related to handling Buchanan's correspondence and scheduling, and additional administrative duties at the Center. Burgess retired in the summer of 2014. She died on March 19, 2020.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical and Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["James McGill Buchanan, Jr. was born on October 3, 1919 in Gum, Tennessee to Lila Scott (1889-1953) and James McGill Buchanan, Sr. (1888-1979). He had two younger sisters, Lila Scott Buchanan Graue (1922-2020) and Elizabeth Bradley. His paternal grandfather, John P. Buchanan (1847-1930), was a one-term governor of Tennessee from 1891 to 1893. James M. Buchanan attended Buchanan High School. He triple-majored in English, mathematics, and economics at Middle Tennessee State University from 1936 to 1940. He received a Master's of the Arts in economics from the University of Tennessee, Knoxville in 1941. Buchanan then attended the Naval War College and served on the operations staff of Admiral Chester W. Nimitz from 1941 to 1945. In that role, he was stationed in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, and Guam. He met his wife, Ann Bakke (August 21, 1909-November 14, 2005) in 1943. She was born in Jamestown, North Dakota. She served with the Army Air Transport Command at Hickham Field, Oahu. In 1945 the couple married in San Francisco, California.","From 1946 to 1948 Buchanan attended the University of Chicago, where he graduated with a Ph.D. in economics. After graduation, he taught at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville as an associate professor from 1948 to 1951, and then as a full professor at Florida State University, Tallahassee from 1951 to 1956. In 1955 he was awarded a Fulbright fellowship to study in Italy for a year. In 1956 he was hired at the University of Virginia as the chair of the economics department. It was there that he co-founded the Thomas Jefferson Center for Studies in Political Economy in 1958. That same year, he published Public Principles of Public Debt. In 1962, Buchanan and co-author Gordon Tullock published The Calculus of Consent.","Buchanan worked at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) for one academic year (1968-1969) as a professor of economics. In 1969 he was hired at Virginia Polytechnic Institute (VPI, now known as Virginia Tech), as a University Distinguished Professor. He became general director of the Center for Study of Public Choice, the successor institution to the Thomas Jefferson Center for Political Economy. Buchanan continued to publish books during his time at VPI, including Cost and Choice (1969), Academia in Anarchy with Nicos Devletoglou (1970), The Limits of Liberty (1975), and The Power to Tax with Geoffrey Brennan (1980).","In 1983, Buchanan and the Center for the Study of Public Choice moved from VPI to George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia. After the move, he split his time between Fairfax and his farm in Blacksburg, Virginia. In 1986, Buchanan was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in economics. While at Mason, he published The Reason of Rules (1985), Better than Plowing (1992), and Politics by Principle, Not Interest with Roger Congleton (1998). He formally retired from Mason in September 1999 but continued to work both at Mason and Virginia Tech until his death on January 9, 2013.","Buchanan was known for his contribution to the field of public choice, which uses economic principles to analyze the rules and actions of government and public sector. It was this theory which led to his Nobel award.","Born on March 19, 1927, Betty Jane Hall Tillman (also known as Betty Ross from 1977 to 1984) received an associate's degree from The Jefferson School of Commerce at Charlottesville, Virginia in 1945. She worked for Buchanan at the University of Virginia from August 14, 1961 to August 1969, at VPI from September 1, 1969 to June 1983, and at George Mason University from July 1, 1983 until her retirement in April 2007. Tillman had multiple responsibilities including handling Buchanan's correspondence, scheduling his events, coordinating Liberty Fund conferences, organizing activities at the Center for Study of Public Choice, and assisting graduate students and faculty associated with the Center. At the time of her retirement her position was administrative director of the Center for Study of Public Choice. She had three children. Tillman died on October 2, 2013.","Jo Ann Burgess was born on June 27, 1948. She began work at the Center for the Study of Public Choice at George Mason University in 1989. Previously, Burgess lived around the world working for the State Department and the U.S military. She had four children with her husband, Roger. Burgess had many varied responsibilities at the Center including organizing Buchanan's archival papers, and administrative duties for the Public Choice Society. She edited Buchanan's published work in the 1990s and 2000s, including editing The Collected Works of James Buchanan and The Selected Works of Gordon Tullock for the Liberty Fund. After Tillman's retirement, Burgess took on additional responsibilities related to handling Buchanan's correspondence and scheduling, and additional administrative duties at the Center. Burgess retired in the summer of 2014. She died on March 19, 2020."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames M. Buchanan papers, C0246, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["James M. Buchanan papers, C0246, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection was processed by Rebecca Thayer as part of a National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) grant project from March 2021 to March 2023.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInitial processing of the collection was begun after James M. Buchanan's death in 2013, while the papers were at Buchanan House (also known as Roberts House), where the offices of Buchanan, Betty Tillman, Jo Ann Burgess, and the Center for Study of Public Choice were then located. Processing at this time was done by Greta Suiter, then-Processing Coordinator at the Special Collections Research Center (SCRC), and Solomon Stein, then-economics PhD student at Mason. Stein and Suiter established an initial arrangement scheme and began foldering and sorting materials accordingly. Elizabeth Beckman, then-Processing Coordinator, continued arrangement and refoldering work alongside Stein at Buchanan House from 2014 to 2016. 145 linear feet of materials were ultimately arranged during this time. The following series were created: Correspondence, Academic (Subseries: Courses taken and Courses taught), Conferences (Subseries: Conferences attended and Conferences held), Writings, Articles Read, and Administrative.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials were boxed up and brought to Fenwick in Spring 2017. Beckman completed EAD markup of a preliminary finding aid with the processed materials in June 2017. Processing was paused in 2017 to apply for a NEH grant to hire a dedicated processing archivist. The grant was approved to start in 2020 but was delayed for several months due to the COVID-19 pandemic.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRebecca Thayer was hired in March 2021 to process the collection. She surveyed the arranged part of the collection (145 linear feet) and the unprocessed part (147 linear feet) to create a processing plan. This plan included adjustments to the original arrangement scheme based on material in the unprocessed section of the papers. A large number of the eventual Jo Ann Burgess papers series materials were in the unprocessed section of the collection, although the unprocessed section did contain materials from all series. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe prior arrangement scheme did not preserve Tillman and Burgess' files as discrete series, so it is likely that some materials created by Tillman or Burgess were dispersed into the various other series. Some materials in the correspondence series especially which were obviously correspondence involving only Tillman, Burgess, or Ann Bakke Buchanan, were removed to their respective series and subseries. However, Thayer did not attempt a systematic review of materials in other series such as Professional Services and Academia in order to separate out Tillman and Burgess-created files from Buchanan-created files. This has resulted in some significant overlap between those series and the Betty Tillman papers and Jo Ann Burgess papers series. This does reflect the significant overlap in work responsibilities of Tillman, Burgess, Buchanan, and the Center as seen in the materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProcessors prior to the NEH grant appear to have filed out materials that were originally grouped in large miscellaneous folders. Buchanan, Tillman, and Burgess do not seem to have created many files with only one or two emails or letters, preferring larger bulk folders. However, in the collection there are now many individual folders with correspondents that seem to have been created from larger files. No additional filing out of material was done under the NEH grant.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThayer arranged the unprocessed materials and reprocessed the previously arranged materials, combining the two. Mason Graduate Research Assistant Rachel Barton and undergraduate assistants Colin McDonald and Vilma Chicas Garcia assisted with arrangement, reboxing, and inventory creation. Amanda Menjivar, Manuscripts and Archives Librarian, assisted with finding aid data entry and publishing.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["This collection was processed by Rebecca Thayer as part of a National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) grant project from March 2021 to March 2023.","Initial processing of the collection was begun after James M. Buchanan's death in 2013, while the papers were at Buchanan House (also known as Roberts House), where the offices of Buchanan, Betty Tillman, Jo Ann Burgess, and the Center for Study of Public Choice were then located. Processing at this time was done by Greta Suiter, then-Processing Coordinator at the Special Collections Research Center (SCRC), and Solomon Stein, then-economics PhD student at Mason. Stein and Suiter established an initial arrangement scheme and began foldering and sorting materials accordingly. Elizabeth Beckman, then-Processing Coordinator, continued arrangement and refoldering work alongside Stein at Buchanan House from 2014 to 2016. 145 linear feet of materials were ultimately arranged during this time. The following series were created: Correspondence, Academic (Subseries: Courses taken and Courses taught), Conferences (Subseries: Conferences attended and Conferences held), Writings, Articles Read, and Administrative.","Materials were boxed up and brought to Fenwick in Spring 2017. Beckman completed EAD markup of a preliminary finding aid with the processed materials in June 2017. Processing was paused in 2017 to apply for a NEH grant to hire a dedicated processing archivist. The grant was approved to start in 2020 but was delayed for several months due to the COVID-19 pandemic.","Rebecca Thayer was hired in March 2021 to process the collection. She surveyed the arranged part of the collection (145 linear feet) and the unprocessed part (147 linear feet) to create a processing plan. This plan included adjustments to the original arrangement scheme based on material in the unprocessed section of the papers. A large number of the eventual Jo Ann Burgess papers series materials were in the unprocessed section of the collection, although the unprocessed section did contain materials from all series.","The prior arrangement scheme did not preserve Tillman and Burgess' files as discrete series, so it is likely that some materials created by Tillman or Burgess were dispersed into the various other series. Some materials in the correspondence series especially which were obviously correspondence involving only Tillman, Burgess, or Ann Bakke Buchanan, were removed to their respective series and subseries. However, Thayer did not attempt a systematic review of materials in other series such as Professional Services and Academia in order to separate out Tillman and Burgess-created files from Buchanan-created files. This has resulted in some significant overlap between those series and the Betty Tillman papers and Jo Ann Burgess papers series. This does reflect the significant overlap in work responsibilities of Tillman, Burgess, Buchanan, and the Center as seen in the materials.","Processors prior to the NEH grant appear to have filed out materials that were originally grouped in large miscellaneous folders. Buchanan, Tillman, and Burgess do not seem to have created many files with only one or two emails or letters, preferring larger bulk folders. However, in the collection there are now many individual folders with correspondents that seem to have been created from larger files. No additional filing out of material was done under the NEH grant.","Thayer arranged the unprocessed materials and reprocessed the previously arranged materials, combining the two. Mason Graduate Research Assistant Rachel Barton and undergraduate assistants Colin McDonald and Vilma Chicas Garcia assisted with arrangement, reboxing, and inventory creation. Amanda Menjivar, Manuscripts and Archives Librarian, assisted with finding aid data entry and publishing."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe James M. Buchanan papers largely consist of correspondence, writings, and administrative files created between the years 1930-2014. The collection contains 9 series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Biographical materials (circa 1800s, 1944-2012) contains information about James M. Buchanan's life and career. It is further divided into four subseries. Subseries 1.1: Ann Bakke Buchanan papers contains materials created by Ann Bakke Buchanan, James M. Buchanan's wife. Materials include correspondence, recipe cards, notebooks, calendars, and photographs. Some of the correspondence is in Norwegian, and some addressed to both James and Ann as a couple. Subseries 1.2: Awards contains newspapers clippings, congratulatory letters, photographs, and memorabilia relating to awards Buchanan received during his career. The majority of the materials relate to the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics. Subseries 1.3: Education contains study notes, essays, syllabi, and research notes from Buchanan's education, mostly from his PhD study at the University of Chicago. Subseries 1.4: Clippings contains newspaper and magazine clippings about Buchanan, including articles about his work, interviews, and reports on events he attended.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Correspondence (1951-2014) contains letters, emails, memoranda, cards, and other forms of written communication, mostly dealing with Buchanan's professional career. Subseries 2.1: Alphabetical correspondence contains the bulk of the correspondence, filed alphabetically by correspondent, subject, or name of an organization. Subseries 2.2: Chronological correspondence is a small amount of unrelated correspondence that was grouped together in date ranges, likely by either Buchanan himself, or his assistants Betty Tillman and Jo Ann Burgess.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Writings (1946-2012) contains drafts, typescripts, photocopies, notes, and reprints of Buchanan's books, articles, speaking lectures, and unpublished material. There are also research files relating to some of his writing projects, and some correspondence with publishers, coauthors, and reviewers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Academia (1946-2013) contains correspondence, reports, planning documents, and grant files relating to Buchanan's work at various universities, primarily University of Virginia, Virginia Polytechnic Institute (now Virginia Tech), and George Mason University. Subseries 4.1: Administration contains reports, memoranda, correspondence, photographs, calendars, and planning documents relating to department and university business. Subseries 4.2: Teaching contains lecture notes, drafts, syllabi, exams, and readings relating to classes taught by Buchanan over the course of his career. Subseries 4.3: Grants contains correspondence and applications for grant projects undertaken by Buchanan and collaborators. Subseries 4.4: Thomas Jefferson Center for Studies in Political Economy contains annual reports, photographs, and correspondence from the University of Virginia's Thomas Jefferson Center, which was active from 1958 to 1968. Subseries 4.5: Center for Study of Public Choice contains annual reports, conference information, grants, planning documents, board meeting minutes, and correspondence relating to the Center, an academic unit at Virginia Polytechnic Institute from 1968 to 1983 and at George Mason University from 1983 onwards.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Professional Service (1958-2013) This series contains materials relating to Buchanan's professional activities outside of his university responsibilities. Subseries 5.1: Conferences and events contains correspondence, schedules, planning documents, papers and lecture notes, and travel documents from conferences, speaking engagements, and other events attended by Buchanan during his career. Subseries 5.2: Consulting and organizations contains annual reports and correspondence relating to Buchanan's work with various organizations outside of his work as a university professor. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6: Betty Tillman papers (1968-2008) contains files created by Betty Tillman, administrative assistant to Buchanan and administrative director of the Center for Study of Public Choice. Subseries 6.1: Correspondence contains letters, emails, memoranda, and cards sent and received by Tillman. Subseries 6.2: Office administration contains planning documents, organizational files, and other materials relating to Tillman's handling of Buchanan's and Center for the Study of Public Choice office functions. Subseries 6.3: Conferences, events and travel contains correspondence, calendars, schedules, and travel documents relating to events attended by Buchanan, coordinated by Tillman. It also contains materials created by Tillman as the conference coordinator for the Liberty Fund and Center conferences and events.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers (1972-2014) contains files created by Jo Ann Burgess, administrative assistant and editor to Buchanan and secretary for the Public Choice Society. Subseries 7.1: Correspondence contains emails, letters, cards, notes, and memoranda, both personal and relating to Burgess' work with Buchanan and the Center for Study of Public Choice. Subseries 7.2: Office administration contains correspondence, calendars, notes, program files, and edited drafts created as part of Burgess' duties working for the Center for Study of Public Choice and as an assistant to Buchanan. Subseries 7.3: Liberty Fund editorial work contains planning documents, correspondence, and drafts created as part of Burgess' work editing \u003citalic\u003eThe Collected Works of James M. Buchanan\u003c/italic\u003e and \u003citalic\u003eThe Selected Works of Gordon Tullock\u003c/italic\u003e on behalf of the Liberty Fund. Subseries 7.4: Public Choice Society contains correspondence, conference planning documents, and administrative files created as part of Burgess' work as the secretary of the Public Choice Society, a professional organization. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 8: Writings by others (1930-2014) contains articles, book drafts, and other writings by authors other than Buchanan. Some materials have notes and annotations. Some writings are about Buchanan and his ideas. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 9: Audiovisual and born-digital materials (circa 1970s-2013) contains audiocassettes, videotapes, CDs, DVDs, floppy disks, and associated paper materials. Topics include recordings of the Nobel ceremony and press coverage; interviews and lectures by Buchanan and others and Center for Study of Public Choice events.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The James M. Buchanan papers largely consist of correspondence, writings, and administrative files created between the years 1930-2014. The collection contains 9 series.","Series 1: Biographical materials (circa 1800s, 1944-2012) contains information about James M. Buchanan's life and career. It is further divided into four subseries. Subseries 1.1: Ann Bakke Buchanan papers contains materials created by Ann Bakke Buchanan, James M. Buchanan's wife. Materials include correspondence, recipe cards, notebooks, calendars, and photographs. Some of the correspondence is in Norwegian, and some addressed to both James and Ann as a couple. Subseries 1.2: Awards contains newspapers clippings, congratulatory letters, photographs, and memorabilia relating to awards Buchanan received during his career. The majority of the materials relate to the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics. Subseries 1.3: Education contains study notes, essays, syllabi, and research notes from Buchanan's education, mostly from his PhD study at the University of Chicago. Subseries 1.4: Clippings contains newspaper and magazine clippings about Buchanan, including articles about his work, interviews, and reports on events he attended.","Series 2: Correspondence (1951-2014) contains letters, emails, memoranda, cards, and other forms of written communication, mostly dealing with Buchanan's professional career. Subseries 2.1: Alphabetical correspondence contains the bulk of the correspondence, filed alphabetically by correspondent, subject, or name of an organization. Subseries 2.2: Chronological correspondence is a small amount of unrelated correspondence that was grouped together in date ranges, likely by either Buchanan himself, or his assistants Betty Tillman and Jo Ann Burgess.","Series 3: Writings (1946-2012) contains drafts, typescripts, photocopies, notes, and reprints of Buchanan's books, articles, speaking lectures, and unpublished material. There are also research files relating to some of his writing projects, and some correspondence with publishers, coauthors, and reviewers.","Series 4: Academia (1946-2013) contains correspondence, reports, planning documents, and grant files relating to Buchanan's work at various universities, primarily University of Virginia, Virginia Polytechnic Institute (now Virginia Tech), and George Mason University. Subseries 4.1: Administration contains reports, memoranda, correspondence, photographs, calendars, and planning documents relating to department and university business. Subseries 4.2: Teaching contains lecture notes, drafts, syllabi, exams, and readings relating to classes taught by Buchanan over the course of his career. Subseries 4.3: Grants contains correspondence and applications for grant projects undertaken by Buchanan and collaborators. Subseries 4.4: Thomas Jefferson Center for Studies in Political Economy contains annual reports, photographs, and correspondence from the University of Virginia's Thomas Jefferson Center, which was active from 1958 to 1968. Subseries 4.5: Center for Study of Public Choice contains annual reports, conference information, grants, planning documents, board meeting minutes, and correspondence relating to the Center, an academic unit at Virginia Polytechnic Institute from 1968 to 1983 and at George Mason University from 1983 onwards.","Series 5: Professional Service (1958-2013) This series contains materials relating to Buchanan's professional activities outside of his university responsibilities. Subseries 5.1: Conferences and events contains correspondence, schedules, planning documents, papers and lecture notes, and travel documents from conferences, speaking engagements, and other events attended by Buchanan during his career. Subseries 5.2: Consulting and organizations contains annual reports and correspondence relating to Buchanan's work with various organizations outside of his work as a university professor.","Series 6: Betty Tillman papers (1968-2008) contains files created by Betty Tillman, administrative assistant to Buchanan and administrative director of the Center for Study of Public Choice. Subseries 6.1: Correspondence contains letters, emails, memoranda, and cards sent and received by Tillman. Subseries 6.2: Office administration contains planning documents, organizational files, and other materials relating to Tillman's handling of Buchanan's and Center for the Study of Public Choice office functions. Subseries 6.3: Conferences, events and travel contains correspondence, calendars, schedules, and travel documents relating to events attended by Buchanan, coordinated by Tillman. It also contains materials created by Tillman as the conference coordinator for the Liberty Fund and Center conferences and events.","Series 7: Jo Ann Burgess papers (1972-2014) contains files created by Jo Ann Burgess, administrative assistant and editor to Buchanan and secretary for the Public Choice Society. Subseries 7.1: Correspondence contains emails, letters, cards, notes, and memoranda, both personal and relating to Burgess' work with Buchanan and the Center for Study of Public Choice. Subseries 7.2: Office administration contains correspondence, calendars, notes, program files, and edited drafts created as part of Burgess' duties working for the Center for Study of Public Choice and as an assistant to Buchanan. Subseries 7.3: Liberty Fund editorial work contains planning documents, correspondence, and drafts created as part of Burgess' work editing The Collected Works of James M. Buchanan and The Selected Works of Gordon Tullock on behalf of the Liberty Fund. Subseries 7.4: Public Choice Society contains correspondence, conference planning documents, and administrative files created as part of Burgess' work as the secretary of the Public Choice Society, a professional organization.","Series 8: Writings by others (1930-2014) contains articles, book drafts, and other writings by authors other than Buchanan. Some materials have notes and annotations. Some writings are about Buchanan and his ideas.","Series 9: Audiovisual and born-digital materials (circa 1970s-2013) contains audiocassettes, videotapes, CDs, DVDs, floppy disks, and associated paper materials. Topics include recordings of the Nobel ceremony and press coverage; interviews and lectures by Buchanan and others and Center for Study of Public Choice events."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_0bc2473150c319436276a1da8ef369a9\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe James M. Buchanan papers consist of materials created primarily by economist James M. Buchanan (1919-2013) from the years 1936-2014. There are also materials created by the Center for Study of Public Choice, an academic unit associated with Virginia Tech (1969-1983) and George Mason University (1983-). The papers document Buchanan's career and academic output, primarily in the field of public choice economics and political economy.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The James M. Buchanan papers consist of materials created primarily by economist James M. Buchanan (1919-2013) from the years 1936-2014. There are also materials created by the Center for Study of Public Choice, an academic unit associated with Virginia Tech (1969-1983) and George Mason University (1983-). The papers document Buchanan's career and academic output, primarily in the field of public choice economics and political economy."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_b0c53c39bdb12bf69a095c3db88292a9\"\u003e\nR 101 - 102\n\nOS R 1, C 3, S 3-5\nMap Case 24.1\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R 101 - 102\n\nOS R 1, C 3, S 3-5\nMap Case 24.1"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University. Center for Study of Public Choice","Public Choice Society"],"names_coll_ssim":["George Mason University. Center for Study of Public Choice","Public Choice Society"],"persname_ssim":["Buchanan, Ann Bakke","Buchanan, James M.","Burgess, Jo Ann S.","Tillman, Betty H."],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","George Mason University. Center for Study of Public Choice","Public Choice Society","Buchanan, Ann Bakke","Buchanan, James M.","Burgess, Jo Ann S.","Tillman, Betty H."],"language_ssim":["The bulk of the materials are in English. Additional languages in the collection include German, Italian, French, Spanish, Norwegian, Dutch, Turkish, Japanese, Korean, and Chinese."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":8943,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:34:42.576Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_367"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_460_c04_c31","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Land deeds, 1759/1900","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_460_c04_c31#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_460_c04_c31","ref_ssm":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_460_c04_c31"],"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_460_c04_c31","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_460","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_460","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_460_c04","parent_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_460_c04","parent_ssim":["Randolph H. Lytton historical Virginia collection","Series 4: Fairfax Family, 1670/1975"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_460","vifgm_repositories_2_resources_460_c04"],"title_filing_ssi":"Land deeds","title_ssm":["Land deeds"],"title_tesim":["Land deeds"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Land deeds, 1759/1900"],"text":["Land deeds, 1759/1900","Randolph H. Lytton historical Virginia collection","Series 4: Fairfax Family, 1670/1975","box Map case","folder 3.14"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Randolph H. Lytton historical Virginia collection","Series 4: Fairfax Family, 1670/1975"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Randolph H. Lytton historical Virginia collection","Series 4: Fairfax Family, 1670/1975"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1759/1900"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1759-1900"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":168,"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"collection_ssim":["Randolph H. Lytton historical Virginia collection"],"containers_ssim":["box Map case","folder 3.14"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no access restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["For materials created before 1900: No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)","For materials created after 1900: The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated. (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"date_range_isim":[1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents note"],"_nest_path_":"/components#3/components#30","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:34:53.150Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_460","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_460","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_460","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_460","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_460.xml","title_ssm":["Randolph H. Lytton historical Virginia collection"],"title_tesim":["Randolph H. Lytton historical Virginia collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1670 - 2004"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1670 - 2004"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Randolph H. Lytton historical Virginia collection"],"text":["Randolph H. Lytton historical Virginia collection","C0311","/repositories/2/resources/460","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern -- History","Letters","Maps","Newspapers","Photography","Presidents -- United States","Slides (Photography)","Correspondence","Photographs","Photographic prints","Reproductions","Tintypes","There are no access restrictions.","A portion of this collection was digitized and is available to view  and","This collection is arranged by subject.","Series\n      Series 1: Postcards, 1903-1982 (Boxes 1-2)\n      Series 2: Civil War Era Materials, 1861-1914 (Boxes 2-5)\n      Series 3: George Washington, circa 1700-1960 (Box 5)\n      Series 4: Fairfax Family, 1670-1975 (Box 6)\n      Series 5: Mixed Media, 1712-2004 (Boxes 7-11)","Fairfax County Economic Development Authority. https://www.fairfaxcountyeda.org/history-fairfax-county-virginia (Accessed September 6, 2018)","City of Fairfax Virginia. https://www.fairfaxva.gov/government/historic-resources/city-history (Accessed September 6, 2018)","Fairfax County was originally granted to Thomas Fairfax, Sixth Lord Fairfax of Cameron by Charles II in 1719. It was not until 1742 that the Virginia Assembly officially established Fairfax as a county. Throughout the 18th century, Fairfax modernized in the form of industry and trade. With modernization, Fairfax County was fractured into Alexandria, Arlington, Falls Church, and Loudon. It was also during the time period that the Fairfax Courthouse was constructed with the financial aid of Richard Ratcliffe.","The 19th century brought conflict and subsequent growth to Fairfax County. Many Civil War battles took place within the county as well as the first land engagement of the American Civil War, which took place on June 1, 1861. During the war, Fairfax Courthouse changed hands many times between the Union and Confederacy. After the war, Fairfax experienced economic growth but also remained an agrarian-driven area. By the mid-20th century, Fairfax had experienced a massive population boom, largely as a result of President Roosevelt's increase in government programs, which produced large numbers of new citizens within Fairfax itself. The growth within Fairfax continues today.","Processed by Bill Keeler in August 2018. EAD markup completed by Bill Keeler in September 2018.","The collection includes artwork, campaign materials, correspondence, envelopes, indentures, maps, military paperwork, newspapers, paper currency, photographs, postcards, and publications on Virginia, particularly Fairfax County. The items in the collection were collected by George Mason University Emeritus Faculty member Randolph H. Lytton. The collection is arranged into five series:","Series 1: Postcards (1903-1982). This series includes postcards from Virginia.","Series 2: Civil War Era Materials (1861-1914). This series includes artwork, letters, maps, military paperwork, newspapers, paper currency, and photographs.","Series 3: George Washington (circa 1700-1960). This series includes artwork, envelopes, maps, photographs and postcards.","Series 4: Fairfax Family (1670-1975). This series includes artwork, correspondence, indentures, photographs, postcards, and stamps.","Series 5: Mixed Media (1712-2004). This series includes advertisements, campaign materials, maps, money orders, photographs, and publications.","For materials created before 1900: No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)","For materials created after 1900: The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated. (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","The collection includes artwork, campaign materials, correspondence, envelopes, indentures, maps, military paperwork, newspapers, paper currency, photographs, postcards, and publications on Virginia, particularly Fairfax County.","R54, C2, S7-C3, S2\nMap Case 13.4, 13.5, 15.1","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Lytton, Randolph Hoopes, 1944-","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Randolph H. Lytton historical Virginia collection"],"collection_ssim":["Randolph H. 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Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Lytton, Randolph Hoopes, 1944-","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["For materials created before 1900: No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)","For materials created after 1900: The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated. (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Collection donated by George Mason University Emeritus Faculty member Randolph H. Lytton from 2004 to 2015."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Letters","Maps","Newspapers","Photography","Presidents -- United States","Slides (Photography)","Correspondence","Photographs","Photographic prints","Reproductions","Tintypes"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Letters","Maps","Newspapers","Photography","Presidents -- United States","Slides (Photography)","Correspondence","Photographs","Photographic prints","Reproductions","Tintypes"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["15 Linear Feet 11 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["15 Linear Feet 11 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Photographs","Photographic prints","Reproductions","Tintypes"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA portion of this collection was digitized and is available to view \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"here\" href=\"https://images.gmu.edu/luna/servlet/GMU~15~15\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e and \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"here.\" href=\"https://mars.gmu.edu/handle/1920/5111\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternative Form Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["A portion of this collection was digitized and is available to view  and"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged by subject.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eSeries\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Postcards, 1903-1982 (Boxes 1-2)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Civil War Era Materials, 1861-1914 (Boxes 2-5)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: George Washington, circa 1700-1960 (Box 5)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 4: Fairfax Family, 1670-1975 (Box 6)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 5: Mixed Media, 1712-2004 (Boxes 7-11)\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged by subject.","Series\n      Series 1: Postcards, 1903-1982 (Boxes 1-2)\n      Series 2: Civil War Era Materials, 1861-1914 (Boxes 2-5)\n      Series 3: George Washington, circa 1700-1960 (Box 5)\n      Series 4: Fairfax Family, 1670-1975 (Box 6)\n      Series 5: Mixed Media, 1712-2004 (Boxes 7-11)"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFairfax County Economic Development Authority. https://www.fairfaxcountyeda.org/history-fairfax-county-virginia (Accessed September 6, 2018)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCity of Fairfax Virginia. https://www.fairfaxva.gov/government/historic-resources/city-history (Accessed September 6, 2018)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Fairfax County Economic Development Authority. https://www.fairfaxcountyeda.org/history-fairfax-county-virginia (Accessed September 6, 2018)","City of Fairfax Virginia. https://www.fairfaxva.gov/government/historic-resources/city-history (Accessed September 6, 2018)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFairfax County was originally granted to Thomas Fairfax, Sixth Lord Fairfax of Cameron by Charles II in 1719. It was not until 1742 that the Virginia Assembly officially established Fairfax as a county. Throughout the 18th century, Fairfax modernized in the form of industry and trade. With modernization, Fairfax County was fractured into Alexandria, Arlington, Falls Church, and Loudon. It was also during the time period that the Fairfax Courthouse was constructed with the financial aid of Richard Ratcliffe.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe 19th century brought conflict and subsequent growth to Fairfax County. Many Civil War battles took place within the county as well as the first land engagement of the American Civil War, which took place on June 1, 1861. During the war, Fairfax Courthouse changed hands many times between the Union and Confederacy. After the war, Fairfax experienced economic growth but also remained an agrarian-driven area. By the mid-20th century, Fairfax had experienced a massive population boom, largely as a result of President Roosevelt's increase in government programs, which produced large numbers of new citizens within Fairfax itself. The growth within Fairfax continues today. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Fairfax County was originally granted to Thomas Fairfax, Sixth Lord Fairfax of Cameron by Charles II in 1719. It was not until 1742 that the Virginia Assembly officially established Fairfax as a county. Throughout the 18th century, Fairfax modernized in the form of industry and trade. With modernization, Fairfax County was fractured into Alexandria, Arlington, Falls Church, and Loudon. It was also during the time period that the Fairfax Courthouse was constructed with the financial aid of Richard Ratcliffe.","The 19th century brought conflict and subsequent growth to Fairfax County. Many Civil War battles took place within the county as well as the first land engagement of the American Civil War, which took place on June 1, 1861. During the war, Fairfax Courthouse changed hands many times between the Union and Confederacy. After the war, Fairfax experienced economic growth but also remained an agrarian-driven area. By the mid-20th century, Fairfax had experienced a massive population boom, largely as a result of President Roosevelt's increase in government programs, which produced large numbers of new citizens within Fairfax itself. The growth within Fairfax continues today."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRandolph H. Lytton historical Virginia collection, C0311, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Randolph H. Lytton historical Virginia collection, C0311, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Bill Keeler in August 2018. EAD markup completed by Bill Keeler in September 2018.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Bill Keeler in August 2018. EAD markup completed by Bill Keeler in September 2018."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes artwork, campaign materials, correspondence, envelopes, indentures, maps, military paperwork, newspapers, paper currency, photographs, postcards, and publications on Virginia, particularly Fairfax County. The items in the collection were collected by George Mason University Emeritus Faculty member Randolph H. Lytton. The collection is arranged into five series: \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Postcards (1903-1982). This series includes postcards from Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Civil War Era Materials (1861-1914). This series includes artwork, letters, maps, military paperwork, newspapers, paper currency, and photographs. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: George Washington (circa 1700-1960). This series includes artwork, envelopes, maps, photographs and postcards. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Fairfax Family (1670-1975). This series includes artwork, correspondence, indentures, photographs, postcards, and stamps. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Mixed Media (1712-2004). This series includes advertisements, campaign materials, maps, money orders, photographs, and publications. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection includes artwork, campaign materials, correspondence, envelopes, indentures, maps, military paperwork, newspapers, paper currency, photographs, postcards, and publications on Virginia, particularly Fairfax County. The items in the collection were collected by George Mason University Emeritus Faculty member Randolph H. Lytton. The collection is arranged into five series:","Series 1: Postcards (1903-1982). This series includes postcards from Virginia.","Series 2: Civil War Era Materials (1861-1914). This series includes artwork, letters, maps, military paperwork, newspapers, paper currency, and photographs.","Series 3: George Washington (circa 1700-1960). This series includes artwork, envelopes, maps, photographs and postcards.","Series 4: Fairfax Family (1670-1975). This series includes artwork, correspondence, indentures, photographs, postcards, and stamps.","Series 5: Mixed Media (1712-2004). This series includes advertisements, campaign materials, maps, money orders, photographs, and publications."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFor materials created before 1900: No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor materials created after 1900: The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated. (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["For materials created before 1900: No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)","For materials created after 1900: The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated. (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_dbce34e7d3c1b76f0548428cd9e54373\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection includes artwork, campaign materials, correspondence, envelopes, indentures, maps, military paperwork, newspapers, paper currency, photographs, postcards, and publications on Virginia, particularly Fairfax County.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The collection includes artwork, campaign materials, correspondence, envelopes, indentures, maps, military paperwork, newspapers, paper currency, photographs, postcards, and publications on Virginia, particularly Fairfax County."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_565b698cd913a18e3d78aafff8fb538f\"\u003eR54, C2, S7-C3, S2\nMap Case 13.4, 13.5, 15.1\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R54, C2, S7-C3, S2\nMap Case 13.4, 13.5, 15.1"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Lytton, Randolph Hoopes, 1944-"],"names_coll_ssim":["Lytton, Randolph Hoopes, 1944-"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Lytton, Randolph Hoopes, 1944-"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":224,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:34:53.150Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_460_c04_c31"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_623","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"League of Women Voters of the Fairfax Area records, 1809/2012, bulk 1978/2012","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_623#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"League of Women Voters of the Fairfax Area","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_623#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The League of Women Voters of the Fairfax Area Records contains materials from the League of Women Voters of the Fairfax Area's (LWVFA) activities and efforts, including organizational documents and correspondence, studies on local and national issues, information on political issues and candidate positions, meeting minutes, newsletters, photographs, audiovisual materials, and memorabilia.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_623#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_623","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_623","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_623","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_623","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_623.xml","title_ssm":["League of Women Voters of the Fairfax Area records"],"title_tesim":["League of Women Voters of the Fairfax Area records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1947 - 2022","circa 1920s - 2022"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1920s - 2022"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1947 - 2022"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1809/2012, bulk 1978/2012"],"normalized_title_ssm":["League of Women Voters of the Fairfax Area records, 1809/2012, bulk 1978/2012"],"text":["League of Women Voters of the Fairfax Area records, 1809/2012, bulk 1978/2012","C0031","/repositories/2/resources/623","Fairfax County (Va.)","Fairfax County (Va.) -- Politics and government","Virginia, Northern -- Politics and government","Virginia, Northern","Citizens' associations","Political participation -- United States","Women political activists -- Virginia","Politics","Correspondence","Oral histories","Certain materials in the collection are restricted due to financial information. See inventory for details. There are no other access restrictions.","Further accruals to this collection are expected.","The collection is arranged in eight series. Each series serves as a records group, and restarts with Box 1 to allow for future accessions to be easily added to the collection. Each series is arranged chronologically, though future additions may not be in chronological order.","Series\n      Series 1: League History, Meeting Minutes and Organizational Documents, 1955 - 1990s (19 boxes)\n      Series 2: Membership, Member Education, and Events, 1947 - 2022 (34 boxes)\n      Series 3: Programs, Action, and Services, 1954 - circa 2020 (20 boxes)\n      Series 4: Publications, 1970 - 2017 (4 boxes)\n      Series 5: Correspondence, 1972 - 2012 (3 boxes)\n      Series 6: Conventions and Meetings, 1957 - 2019 (4 boxes)\n      Series 7: Audiovisual Materials, 1981 - circa 2010s (1 box)\n      Series 8: Memorabilia, circa 1920s - 2010s (3 boxes)","The League of Women Voters (LWV) was founded in 1920 by Carrie Chapman Catt, a leader in the women's suffrage movement. The LWV's purpose is to encourage citizens to participate actively in government by supporting the party of their choice. While the LWV is a nonpartisan organization, and therefore does not support individual candidates, it does take a position on issues of a national, state, and local scale selected by the membership. Such issues of the past included support for a minimum wage, child labor laws, and equal opportunity for women in government and civilian life.","In Virginia, the LWV began as the Equal Suffrage League, which worked diligently for the ratification of the nineteenth amendment. The Equal Suffrage League joined the national LWV and created a state league. The first local league in Virginia was established in Richmond, followed by chapters in Alexandria and Arlington.","The League of Women Voters of the Fairfax Area (LWVFA) was granted full league status in 1948. However, the LWVFA of the present day was established in 1964 after the town of Fairfax became a city in 1961 and thus a separate governmental jurisdiction from the County of Fairfax. The LWVFA remains active in engaging the local Fairfax County community to this day.","This collection was processed in 1995 by League of Women Voters of the Fairfax Area archivist Bernice Colvard and an original finding aid was compiled by then Special Collections and Archives archival assistant Oona Pilot-Sitkoff. In 2008, the collection was re-processed by Sean Tennant. Finding aid was updated in 2013 by Greta Kuriger Suiter.","The collection was re-processed by Amanda Menjivar from 2019 - 2022. EAD markup completed by Amanda Menjivar in March 2022. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in June 2023.","This collection has additional unprocessed accessions 2019.006, 2023.010-C, and therefore this finding aid may not be fully up to date. Please contact SCRC for more information.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds other collections on women politicians and public servants in Northern Virginia such as the , , and the .","The League of Women Voters of the Fairfax Area Records contains material from the LWVFA's activities from 1947 to present day, including documentation of its activities and efforts, organizational documents and correspondence, studies on local and national issues, information on political issues and candidate positions, meeting minutes, newsletters, photographs, audiovisual materials, and memorabilia.","The collection is arranged in eight series. Each series serves as a records group, and restarts with Box 1 to allow for future accessions to be easily added to the collection. Each series is arranged chronologically, though future additions may not be in chronological order. The 8 series are: League History, Meeting Minutes and Organizational Documents; Membership, Member Education, and Events; Programs, Action, and Services; Publications; Correspondence; Conventions and Meetings; Audiovisual Materials; and Memorabilia.","Series 1: League History, Meeting Minutes and Organizational Documents (1955 - 1990s). This series contains documentation of the running of the LWVFA, such as board meeting minutes, agendas, reports, Directors' files, and budgets.","Series 2: Membership, Member Education, and Events (1947 - 2022). This series contains information on membership to the league, as well as efforts to educate members and execute events, such as members lists, subject-specific memoranda, bulletins, pamphlets, newsletters, handbooks, and bylaws.","Series 3: Programs, Action, and Services (1954 - circa 2020). This series contains documents on specific League programs and \"Action\" or specific efforts to take positions on laws or events happening in government/the community, such as Action Alerts, press releases, Action-relatec correspondence and memoranda, candidates forums documentation, and homeowners associations election files.","Series 4: Publications (1970 - 2017). This series contains publications directly created by the League, including multiple iterations of \"Facts For Voters,\" informational pamphlets on various local issues, correspondence, newsclippings, and newsletters.","Series 5: Correspondence (1972 - 2012). This series contains correspondence between League members and local/U.S. politicans on a number of issues, as well as internal League correspondence.","Series 6: Conventions and Meetings (1957 - 2019). This series contains memoranda, workbooks, and programs from a multitude of LWV meetings and conventions, both local and national.","Series 7: Audiovisual Materials (1981 - circa 2010s). This series contains audiovisual materials such as oral histories on cassette, documents and supplementary materials on CD-ROM, DVDs, and a 1981 television program the LWVFA assisted in producing on U-Matic tape.","Series 8: Memorabilia (circa 1920s - circa 2010s). This series contains memorabilia collected and created by the LWVFA, including a pencil owned by LWV founder Carrie Chapman Catt, buttons stating political positions, bumper stickers, and scrapbooks.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","The League of Women Voters of the Fairfax Area Records contains materials from the League of Women Voters of the Fairfax Area's (LWVFA) activities and efforts, including organizational documents and correspondence, studies on local and national issues, information on political issues and candidate positions, meeting minutes, newsletters, photographs, audiovisual materials, and memorabilia.","R 16, C 1, S 5 - 7\n\n\nR 16, C 2, S 2 - C 3, S 6\nR 16, C 4, S 1","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","League of Women Voters of the Fairfax Area","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["League of Women Voters of the Fairfax Area records, 1809/2012, bulk 1978/2012"],"collection_ssim":["League of Women Voters of the Fairfax Area records, 1809/2012, bulk 1978/2012"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0031","/repositories/2/resources/623"],"unitid_tesim":["C0031","/repositories/2/resources/623"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Fairfax County (Va.)","Fairfax County (Va.) -- Politics and government","Virginia, Northern -- Politics and government","Virginia, Northern"],"geogname_ssim":["Fairfax County (Va.)","Fairfax County (Va.) -- Politics and government","Virginia, Northern -- Politics and government","Virginia, Northern"],"places_ssim":["Fairfax County (Va.)","Fairfax County (Va.) -- Politics and government","Virginia, Northern -- Politics and government","Virginia, Northern"],"creator_ssm":["League of Women Voters of the Fairfax Area"],"creator_ssim":["League of Women Voters of the Fairfax Area"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","League of Women Voters of the Fairfax Area"],"creators_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","League of Women Voters of the Fairfax Area"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The bulk of this collection was donated by the League of Women Voters of the Fairfax Area between 1995 and 2009. Additional donations have continued through 2022."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Citizens' associations","Political participation -- United States","Women political activists -- Virginia","Politics","Correspondence","Oral histories"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Citizens' associations","Political participation -- United States","Women political activists -- Virginia","Politics","Correspondence","Oral histories"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["39 Linear Feet 88 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["39 Linear Feet 88 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Oral histories"],"date_range_isim":[1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCertain materials in the collection are restricted due to financial information. See inventory for details. There are no other access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Certain materials in the collection are restricted due to financial information. See inventory for details. There are no other access restrictions."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFurther accruals to this collection are expected.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals"],"accruals_tesim":["Further accruals to this collection are expected."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in eight series. Each series serves as a records group, and restarts with Box 1 to allow for future accessions to be easily added to the collection. Each series is arranged chronologically, though future additions may not be in chronological order.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eSeries\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: League History, Meeting Minutes and Organizational Documents, 1955 - 1990s (19 boxes)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Membership, Member Education, and Events, 1947 - 2022 (34 boxes)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: Programs, Action, and Services, 1954 - circa 2020 (20 boxes)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 4: Publications, 1970 - 2017 (4 boxes)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 5: Correspondence, 1972 - 2012 (3 boxes)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 6: Conventions and Meetings, 1957 - 2019 (4 boxes)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 7: Audiovisual Materials, 1981 - circa 2010s (1 box)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 8: Memorabilia, circa 1920s - 2010s (3 boxes)\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in eight series. Each series serves as a records group, and restarts with Box 1 to allow for future accessions to be easily added to the collection. Each series is arranged chronologically, though future additions may not be in chronological order.","Series\n      Series 1: League History, Meeting Minutes and Organizational Documents, 1955 - 1990s (19 boxes)\n      Series 2: Membership, Member Education, and Events, 1947 - 2022 (34 boxes)\n      Series 3: Programs, Action, and Services, 1954 - circa 2020 (20 boxes)\n      Series 4: Publications, 1970 - 2017 (4 boxes)\n      Series 5: Correspondence, 1972 - 2012 (3 boxes)\n      Series 6: Conventions and Meetings, 1957 - 2019 (4 boxes)\n      Series 7: Audiovisual Materials, 1981 - circa 2010s (1 box)\n      Series 8: Memorabilia, circa 1920s - 2010s (3 boxes)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe League of Women Voters (LWV) was founded in 1920 by Carrie Chapman Catt, a leader in the women's suffrage movement. The LWV's purpose is to encourage citizens to participate actively in government by supporting the party of their choice. While the LWV is a nonpartisan organization, and therefore does not support individual candidates, it does take a position on issues of a national, state, and local scale selected by the membership. Such issues of the past included support for a minimum wage, child labor laws, and equal opportunity for women in government and civilian life.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn Virginia, the LWV began as the Equal Suffrage League, which worked diligently for the ratification of the nineteenth amendment. The Equal Suffrage League joined the national LWV and created a state league. The first local league in Virginia was established in Richmond, followed by chapters in Alexandria and Arlington.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe League of Women Voters of the Fairfax Area (LWVFA) was granted full league status in 1948. However, the LWVFA of the present day was established in 1964 after the town of Fairfax became a city in 1961 and thus a separate governmental jurisdiction from the County of Fairfax. The LWVFA remains active in engaging the local Fairfax County community to this day.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The League of Women Voters (LWV) was founded in 1920 by Carrie Chapman Catt, a leader in the women's suffrage movement. The LWV's purpose is to encourage citizens to participate actively in government by supporting the party of their choice. While the LWV is a nonpartisan organization, and therefore does not support individual candidates, it does take a position on issues of a national, state, and local scale selected by the membership. Such issues of the past included support for a minimum wage, child labor laws, and equal opportunity for women in government and civilian life.","In Virginia, the LWV began as the Equal Suffrage League, which worked diligently for the ratification of the nineteenth amendment. The Equal Suffrage League joined the national LWV and created a state league. The first local league in Virginia was established in Richmond, followed by chapters in Alexandria and Arlington.","The League of Women Voters of the Fairfax Area (LWVFA) was granted full league status in 1948. However, the LWVFA of the present day was established in 1964 after the town of Fairfax became a city in 1961 and thus a separate governmental jurisdiction from the County of Fairfax. The LWVFA remains active in engaging the local Fairfax County community to this day."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLeague of Women Voters of the Fairfax Area records, C0031, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["League of Women Voters of the Fairfax Area records, C0031, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection was processed in 1995 by League of Women Voters of the Fairfax Area archivist Bernice Colvard and an original finding aid was compiled by then Special Collections and Archives archival assistant Oona Pilot-Sitkoff. In 2008, the collection was re-processed by Sean Tennant. Finding aid was updated in 2013 by Greta Kuriger Suiter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection was re-processed by Amanda Menjivar from 2019 - 2022. EAD markup completed by Amanda Menjivar in March 2022. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in June 2023.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis collection has additional unprocessed accessions 2019.006, 2023.010-C, and therefore this finding aid may not be fully up to date. Please contact SCRC for more information.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["This collection was processed in 1995 by League of Women Voters of the Fairfax Area archivist Bernice Colvard and an original finding aid was compiled by then Special Collections and Archives archival assistant Oona Pilot-Sitkoff. In 2008, the collection was re-processed by Sean Tennant. Finding aid was updated in 2013 by Greta Kuriger Suiter.","The collection was re-processed by Amanda Menjivar from 2019 - 2022. EAD markup completed by Amanda Menjivar in March 2022. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in June 2023.","This collection has additional unprocessed accessions 2019.006, 2023.010-C, and therefore this finding aid may not be fully up to date. Please contact SCRC for more information."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds other collections on women politicians and public servants in Northern Virginia such as the \u003cextptr href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0039\" title=\"Jean Marburg League of Women Voters collection\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, \u003cextptr href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0146\" title=\"Martha Pennino papers\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, and the \u003cextptr href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0048\" title=\"Emilie F. Miller papers\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center also holds other collections on women politicians and public servants in Northern Virginia such as the , , and the ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe League of Women Voters of the Fairfax Area Records contains material from the LWVFA's activities from 1947 to present day, including documentation of its activities and efforts, organizational documents and correspondence, studies on local and national issues, information on political issues and candidate positions, meeting minutes, newsletters, photographs, audiovisual materials, and memorabilia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The collection is arranged in eight series. Each series serves as a records group, and restarts with Box 1 to allow for future accessions to be easily added to the collection. Each series is arranged chronologically, though future additions may not be in chronological order. The 8 series are: League History, Meeting Minutes and Organizational Documents; Membership, Member Education, and Events; Programs, Action, and Services; Publications; Correspondence; Conventions and Meetings; Audiovisual Materials; and Memorabilia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: League History, Meeting Minutes and Organizational Documents (1955 - 1990s). This series contains documentation of the running of the LWVFA, such as board meeting minutes, agendas, reports, Directors' files, and budgets.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Membership, Member Education, and Events (1947 - 2022). This series contains information on membership to the league, as well as efforts to educate members and execute events, such as members lists, subject-specific memoranda, bulletins, pamphlets, newsletters, handbooks, and bylaws.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Programs, Action, and Services (1954 - circa 2020). This series contains documents on specific League programs and \"Action\" or specific efforts to take positions on laws or events happening in government/the community, such as Action Alerts, press releases, Action-relatec correspondence and memoranda, candidates forums documentation, and homeowners associations election files.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Publications (1970 - 2017). This series contains publications directly created by the League, including multiple iterations of \"Facts For Voters,\" informational pamphlets on various local issues, correspondence, newsclippings, and newsletters.\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Correspondence (1972 - 2012). This series contains correspondence between League members and local/U.S. politicans on a number of issues, as well as internal League correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6: Conventions and Meetings (1957 - 2019). This series contains memoranda, workbooks, and programs from a multitude of LWV meetings and conventions, both local and national.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 7: Audiovisual Materials (1981 - circa 2010s). This series contains audiovisual materials such as oral histories on cassette, documents and supplementary materials on CD-ROM, DVDs, and a 1981 television program the LWVFA assisted in producing on U-Matic tape.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 8: Memorabilia (circa 1920s - circa 2010s). This series contains memorabilia collected and created by the LWVFA, including a pencil owned by LWV founder Carrie Chapman Catt, buttons stating political positions, bumper stickers, and scrapbooks.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The League of Women Voters of the Fairfax Area Records contains material from the LWVFA's activities from 1947 to present day, including documentation of its activities and efforts, organizational documents and correspondence, studies on local and national issues, information on political issues and candidate positions, meeting minutes, newsletters, photographs, audiovisual materials, and memorabilia.","The collection is arranged in eight series. Each series serves as a records group, and restarts with Box 1 to allow for future accessions to be easily added to the collection. Each series is arranged chronologically, though future additions may not be in chronological order. The 8 series are: League History, Meeting Minutes and Organizational Documents; Membership, Member Education, and Events; Programs, Action, and Services; Publications; Correspondence; Conventions and Meetings; Audiovisual Materials; and Memorabilia.","Series 1: League History, Meeting Minutes and Organizational Documents (1955 - 1990s). This series contains documentation of the running of the LWVFA, such as board meeting minutes, agendas, reports, Directors' files, and budgets.","Series 2: Membership, Member Education, and Events (1947 - 2022). This series contains information on membership to the league, as well as efforts to educate members and execute events, such as members lists, subject-specific memoranda, bulletins, pamphlets, newsletters, handbooks, and bylaws.","Series 3: Programs, Action, and Services (1954 - circa 2020). This series contains documents on specific League programs and \"Action\" or specific efforts to take positions on laws or events happening in government/the community, such as Action Alerts, press releases, Action-relatec correspondence and memoranda, candidates forums documentation, and homeowners associations election files.","Series 4: Publications (1970 - 2017). This series contains publications directly created by the League, including multiple iterations of \"Facts For Voters,\" informational pamphlets on various local issues, correspondence, newsclippings, and newsletters.","Series 5: Correspondence (1972 - 2012). This series contains correspondence between League members and local/U.S. politicans on a number of issues, as well as internal League correspondence.","Series 6: Conventions and Meetings (1957 - 2019). This series contains memoranda, workbooks, and programs from a multitude of LWV meetings and conventions, both local and national.","Series 7: Audiovisual Materials (1981 - circa 2010s). This series contains audiovisual materials such as oral histories on cassette, documents and supplementary materials on CD-ROM, DVDs, and a 1981 television program the LWVFA assisted in producing on U-Matic tape.","Series 8: Memorabilia (circa 1920s - circa 2010s). This series contains memorabilia collected and created by the LWVFA, including a pencil owned by LWV founder Carrie Chapman Catt, buttons stating political positions, bumper stickers, and scrapbooks."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_ref348\"\u003eThe League of Women Voters of the Fairfax Area Records contains materials from the League of Women Voters of the Fairfax Area's (LWVFA) activities and efforts, including organizational documents and correspondence, studies on local and national issues, information on political issues and candidate positions, meeting minutes, newsletters, photographs, audiovisual materials, and memorabilia.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The League of Women Voters of the Fairfax Area Records contains materials from the League of Women Voters of the Fairfax Area's (LWVFA) activities and efforts, including organizational documents and correspondence, studies on local and national issues, information on political issues and candidate positions, meeting minutes, newsletters, photographs, audiovisual materials, and memorabilia."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_5875fbcc3d53efdcd59e115d0c04dd03\"\u003e\nR 16, C 1, S 5 - 7\n\n\nR 16, C 2, S 2 - C 3, S 6\nR 16, C 4, S 1\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R 16, C 1, S 5 - 7\n\n\nR 16, C 2, S 2 - C 3, S 6\nR 16, C 4, S 1"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","League of Women Voters of the Fairfax Area"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","League of Women Voters of the Fairfax Area"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":900,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:35:06.185Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_623","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_623","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_623","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_623","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_623.xml","title_ssm":["League of Women Voters of the Fairfax Area records"],"title_tesim":["League of Women Voters of the Fairfax Area records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1947 - 2022","circa 1920s - 2022"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1920s - 2022"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1947 - 2022"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1809/2012, bulk 1978/2012"],"normalized_title_ssm":["League of Women Voters of the Fairfax Area records, 1809/2012, bulk 1978/2012"],"text":["League of Women Voters of the Fairfax Area records, 1809/2012, bulk 1978/2012","C0031","/repositories/2/resources/623","Fairfax County (Va.)","Fairfax County (Va.) -- Politics and government","Virginia, Northern -- Politics and government","Virginia, Northern","Citizens' associations","Political participation -- United States","Women political activists -- Virginia","Politics","Correspondence","Oral histories","Certain materials in the collection are restricted due to financial information. See inventory for details. There are no other access restrictions.","Further accruals to this collection are expected.","The collection is arranged in eight series. Each series serves as a records group, and restarts with Box 1 to allow for future accessions to be easily added to the collection. Each series is arranged chronologically, though future additions may not be in chronological order.","Series\n      Series 1: League History, Meeting Minutes and Organizational Documents, 1955 - 1990s (19 boxes)\n      Series 2: Membership, Member Education, and Events, 1947 - 2022 (34 boxes)\n      Series 3: Programs, Action, and Services, 1954 - circa 2020 (20 boxes)\n      Series 4: Publications, 1970 - 2017 (4 boxes)\n      Series 5: Correspondence, 1972 - 2012 (3 boxes)\n      Series 6: Conventions and Meetings, 1957 - 2019 (4 boxes)\n      Series 7: Audiovisual Materials, 1981 - circa 2010s (1 box)\n      Series 8: Memorabilia, circa 1920s - 2010s (3 boxes)","The League of Women Voters (LWV) was founded in 1920 by Carrie Chapman Catt, a leader in the women's suffrage movement. The LWV's purpose is to encourage citizens to participate actively in government by supporting the party of their choice. While the LWV is a nonpartisan organization, and therefore does not support individual candidates, it does take a position on issues of a national, state, and local scale selected by the membership. Such issues of the past included support for a minimum wage, child labor laws, and equal opportunity for women in government and civilian life.","In Virginia, the LWV began as the Equal Suffrage League, which worked diligently for the ratification of the nineteenth amendment. The Equal Suffrage League joined the national LWV and created a state league. The first local league in Virginia was established in Richmond, followed by chapters in Alexandria and Arlington.","The League of Women Voters of the Fairfax Area (LWVFA) was granted full league status in 1948. However, the LWVFA of the present day was established in 1964 after the town of Fairfax became a city in 1961 and thus a separate governmental jurisdiction from the County of Fairfax. The LWVFA remains active in engaging the local Fairfax County community to this day.","This collection was processed in 1995 by League of Women Voters of the Fairfax Area archivist Bernice Colvard and an original finding aid was compiled by then Special Collections and Archives archival assistant Oona Pilot-Sitkoff. In 2008, the collection was re-processed by Sean Tennant. Finding aid was updated in 2013 by Greta Kuriger Suiter.","The collection was re-processed by Amanda Menjivar from 2019 - 2022. EAD markup completed by Amanda Menjivar in March 2022. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in June 2023.","This collection has additional unprocessed accessions 2019.006, 2023.010-C, and therefore this finding aid may not be fully up to date. Please contact SCRC for more information.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds other collections on women politicians and public servants in Northern Virginia such as the , , and the .","The League of Women Voters of the Fairfax Area Records contains material from the LWVFA's activities from 1947 to present day, including documentation of its activities and efforts, organizational documents and correspondence, studies on local and national issues, information on political issues and candidate positions, meeting minutes, newsletters, photographs, audiovisual materials, and memorabilia.","The collection is arranged in eight series. Each series serves as a records group, and restarts with Box 1 to allow for future accessions to be easily added to the collection. Each series is arranged chronologically, though future additions may not be in chronological order. The 8 series are: League History, Meeting Minutes and Organizational Documents; Membership, Member Education, and Events; Programs, Action, and Services; Publications; Correspondence; Conventions and Meetings; Audiovisual Materials; and Memorabilia.","Series 1: League History, Meeting Minutes and Organizational Documents (1955 - 1990s). This series contains documentation of the running of the LWVFA, such as board meeting minutes, agendas, reports, Directors' files, and budgets.","Series 2: Membership, Member Education, and Events (1947 - 2022). This series contains information on membership to the league, as well as efforts to educate members and execute events, such as members lists, subject-specific memoranda, bulletins, pamphlets, newsletters, handbooks, and bylaws.","Series 3: Programs, Action, and Services (1954 - circa 2020). This series contains documents on specific League programs and \"Action\" or specific efforts to take positions on laws or events happening in government/the community, such as Action Alerts, press releases, Action-relatec correspondence and memoranda, candidates forums documentation, and homeowners associations election files.","Series 4: Publications (1970 - 2017). This series contains publications directly created by the League, including multiple iterations of \"Facts For Voters,\" informational pamphlets on various local issues, correspondence, newsclippings, and newsletters.","Series 5: Correspondence (1972 - 2012). This series contains correspondence between League members and local/U.S. politicans on a number of issues, as well as internal League correspondence.","Series 6: Conventions and Meetings (1957 - 2019). This series contains memoranda, workbooks, and programs from a multitude of LWV meetings and conventions, both local and national.","Series 7: Audiovisual Materials (1981 - circa 2010s). This series contains audiovisual materials such as oral histories on cassette, documents and supplementary materials on CD-ROM, DVDs, and a 1981 television program the LWVFA assisted in producing on U-Matic tape.","Series 8: Memorabilia (circa 1920s - circa 2010s). This series contains memorabilia collected and created by the LWVFA, including a pencil owned by LWV founder Carrie Chapman Catt, buttons stating political positions, bumper stickers, and scrapbooks.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","The League of Women Voters of the Fairfax Area Records contains materials from the League of Women Voters of the Fairfax Area's (LWVFA) activities and efforts, including organizational documents and correspondence, studies on local and national issues, information on political issues and candidate positions, meeting minutes, newsletters, photographs, audiovisual materials, and memorabilia.","R 16, C 1, S 5 - 7\n\n\nR 16, C 2, S 2 - C 3, S 6\nR 16, C 4, S 1","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","League of Women Voters of the Fairfax Area","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["League of Women Voters of the Fairfax Area records, 1809/2012, bulk 1978/2012"],"collection_ssim":["League of Women Voters of the Fairfax Area records, 1809/2012, bulk 1978/2012"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0031","/repositories/2/resources/623"],"unitid_tesim":["C0031","/repositories/2/resources/623"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Fairfax County (Va.)","Fairfax County (Va.) -- Politics and government","Virginia, Northern -- Politics and government","Virginia, Northern"],"geogname_ssim":["Fairfax County (Va.)","Fairfax County (Va.) -- Politics and government","Virginia, Northern -- Politics and government","Virginia, Northern"],"places_ssim":["Fairfax County (Va.)","Fairfax County (Va.) -- Politics and government","Virginia, Northern -- Politics and government","Virginia, Northern"],"creator_ssm":["League of Women Voters of the Fairfax Area"],"creator_ssim":["League of Women Voters of the Fairfax Area"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","League of Women Voters of the Fairfax Area"],"creators_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","League of Women Voters of the Fairfax Area"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The bulk of this collection was donated by the League of Women Voters of the Fairfax Area between 1995 and 2009. Additional donations have continued through 2022."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Citizens' associations","Political participation -- United States","Women political activists -- Virginia","Politics","Correspondence","Oral histories"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Citizens' associations","Political participation -- United States","Women political activists -- Virginia","Politics","Correspondence","Oral histories"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["39 Linear Feet 88 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["39 Linear Feet 88 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Oral histories"],"date_range_isim":[1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCertain materials in the collection are restricted due to financial information. See inventory for details. There are no other access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Certain materials in the collection are restricted due to financial information. See inventory for details. There are no other access restrictions."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFurther accruals to this collection are expected.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals"],"accruals_tesim":["Further accruals to this collection are expected."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in eight series. Each series serves as a records group, and restarts with Box 1 to allow for future accessions to be easily added to the collection. Each series is arranged chronologically, though future additions may not be in chronological order.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eSeries\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: League History, Meeting Minutes and Organizational Documents, 1955 - 1990s (19 boxes)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Membership, Member Education, and Events, 1947 - 2022 (34 boxes)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: Programs, Action, and Services, 1954 - circa 2020 (20 boxes)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 4: Publications, 1970 - 2017 (4 boxes)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 5: Correspondence, 1972 - 2012 (3 boxes)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 6: Conventions and Meetings, 1957 - 2019 (4 boxes)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 7: Audiovisual Materials, 1981 - circa 2010s (1 box)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 8: Memorabilia, circa 1920s - 2010s (3 boxes)\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in eight series. Each series serves as a records group, and restarts with Box 1 to allow for future accessions to be easily added to the collection. Each series is arranged chronologically, though future additions may not be in chronological order.","Series\n      Series 1: League History, Meeting Minutes and Organizational Documents, 1955 - 1990s (19 boxes)\n      Series 2: Membership, Member Education, and Events, 1947 - 2022 (34 boxes)\n      Series 3: Programs, Action, and Services, 1954 - circa 2020 (20 boxes)\n      Series 4: Publications, 1970 - 2017 (4 boxes)\n      Series 5: Correspondence, 1972 - 2012 (3 boxes)\n      Series 6: Conventions and Meetings, 1957 - 2019 (4 boxes)\n      Series 7: Audiovisual Materials, 1981 - circa 2010s (1 box)\n      Series 8: Memorabilia, circa 1920s - 2010s (3 boxes)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe League of Women Voters (LWV) was founded in 1920 by Carrie Chapman Catt, a leader in the women's suffrage movement. The LWV's purpose is to encourage citizens to participate actively in government by supporting the party of their choice. While the LWV is a nonpartisan organization, and therefore does not support individual candidates, it does take a position on issues of a national, state, and local scale selected by the membership. Such issues of the past included support for a minimum wage, child labor laws, and equal opportunity for women in government and civilian life.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn Virginia, the LWV began as the Equal Suffrage League, which worked diligently for the ratification of the nineteenth amendment. The Equal Suffrage League joined the national LWV and created a state league. The first local league in Virginia was established in Richmond, followed by chapters in Alexandria and Arlington.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe League of Women Voters of the Fairfax Area (LWVFA) was granted full league status in 1948. However, the LWVFA of the present day was established in 1964 after the town of Fairfax became a city in 1961 and thus a separate governmental jurisdiction from the County of Fairfax. The LWVFA remains active in engaging the local Fairfax County community to this day.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The League of Women Voters (LWV) was founded in 1920 by Carrie Chapman Catt, a leader in the women's suffrage movement. The LWV's purpose is to encourage citizens to participate actively in government by supporting the party of their choice. While the LWV is a nonpartisan organization, and therefore does not support individual candidates, it does take a position on issues of a national, state, and local scale selected by the membership. Such issues of the past included support for a minimum wage, child labor laws, and equal opportunity for women in government and civilian life.","In Virginia, the LWV began as the Equal Suffrage League, which worked diligently for the ratification of the nineteenth amendment. The Equal Suffrage League joined the national LWV and created a state league. The first local league in Virginia was established in Richmond, followed by chapters in Alexandria and Arlington.","The League of Women Voters of the Fairfax Area (LWVFA) was granted full league status in 1948. However, the LWVFA of the present day was established in 1964 after the town of Fairfax became a city in 1961 and thus a separate governmental jurisdiction from the County of Fairfax. The LWVFA remains active in engaging the local Fairfax County community to this day."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLeague of Women Voters of the Fairfax Area records, C0031, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["League of Women Voters of the Fairfax Area records, C0031, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection was processed in 1995 by League of Women Voters of the Fairfax Area archivist Bernice Colvard and an original finding aid was compiled by then Special Collections and Archives archival assistant Oona Pilot-Sitkoff. In 2008, the collection was re-processed by Sean Tennant. Finding aid was updated in 2013 by Greta Kuriger Suiter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection was re-processed by Amanda Menjivar from 2019 - 2022. EAD markup completed by Amanda Menjivar in March 2022. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in June 2023.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis collection has additional unprocessed accessions 2019.006, 2023.010-C, and therefore this finding aid may not be fully up to date. Please contact SCRC for more information.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["This collection was processed in 1995 by League of Women Voters of the Fairfax Area archivist Bernice Colvard and an original finding aid was compiled by then Special Collections and Archives archival assistant Oona Pilot-Sitkoff. In 2008, the collection was re-processed by Sean Tennant. Finding aid was updated in 2013 by Greta Kuriger Suiter.","The collection was re-processed by Amanda Menjivar from 2019 - 2022. EAD markup completed by Amanda Menjivar in March 2022. Finding aid updated by Amanda Menjivar in June 2023.","This collection has additional unprocessed accessions 2019.006, 2023.010-C, and therefore this finding aid may not be fully up to date. Please contact SCRC for more information."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds other collections on women politicians and public servants in Northern Virginia such as the \u003cextptr href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0039\" title=\"Jean Marburg League of Women Voters collection\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, \u003cextptr href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0146\" title=\"Martha Pennino papers\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, and the \u003cextptr href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0048\" title=\"Emilie F. Miller papers\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center also holds other collections on women politicians and public servants in Northern Virginia such as the , , and the ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe League of Women Voters of the Fairfax Area Records contains material from the LWVFA's activities from 1947 to present day, including documentation of its activities and efforts, organizational documents and correspondence, studies on local and national issues, information on political issues and candidate positions, meeting minutes, newsletters, photographs, audiovisual materials, and memorabilia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The collection is arranged in eight series. Each series serves as a records group, and restarts with Box 1 to allow for future accessions to be easily added to the collection. Each series is arranged chronologically, though future additions may not be in chronological order. The 8 series are: League History, Meeting Minutes and Organizational Documents; Membership, Member Education, and Events; Programs, Action, and Services; Publications; Correspondence; Conventions and Meetings; Audiovisual Materials; and Memorabilia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: League History, Meeting Minutes and Organizational Documents (1955 - 1990s). This series contains documentation of the running of the LWVFA, such as board meeting minutes, agendas, reports, Directors' files, and budgets.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Membership, Member Education, and Events (1947 - 2022). This series contains information on membership to the league, as well as efforts to educate members and execute events, such as members lists, subject-specific memoranda, bulletins, pamphlets, newsletters, handbooks, and bylaws.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Programs, Action, and Services (1954 - circa 2020). This series contains documents on specific League programs and \"Action\" or specific efforts to take positions on laws or events happening in government/the community, such as Action Alerts, press releases, Action-relatec correspondence and memoranda, candidates forums documentation, and homeowners associations election files.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Publications (1970 - 2017). This series contains publications directly created by the League, including multiple iterations of \"Facts For Voters,\" informational pamphlets on various local issues, correspondence, newsclippings, and newsletters.\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Correspondence (1972 - 2012). This series contains correspondence between League members and local/U.S. politicans on a number of issues, as well as internal League correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6: Conventions and Meetings (1957 - 2019). This series contains memoranda, workbooks, and programs from a multitude of LWV meetings and conventions, both local and national.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 7: Audiovisual Materials (1981 - circa 2010s). This series contains audiovisual materials such as oral histories on cassette, documents and supplementary materials on CD-ROM, DVDs, and a 1981 television program the LWVFA assisted in producing on U-Matic tape.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 8: Memorabilia (circa 1920s - circa 2010s). This series contains memorabilia collected and created by the LWVFA, including a pencil owned by LWV founder Carrie Chapman Catt, buttons stating political positions, bumper stickers, and scrapbooks.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The League of Women Voters of the Fairfax Area Records contains material from the LWVFA's activities from 1947 to present day, including documentation of its activities and efforts, organizational documents and correspondence, studies on local and national issues, information on political issues and candidate positions, meeting minutes, newsletters, photographs, audiovisual materials, and memorabilia.","The collection is arranged in eight series. Each series serves as a records group, and restarts with Box 1 to allow for future accessions to be easily added to the collection. Each series is arranged chronologically, though future additions may not be in chronological order. The 8 series are: League History, Meeting Minutes and Organizational Documents; Membership, Member Education, and Events; Programs, Action, and Services; Publications; Correspondence; Conventions and Meetings; Audiovisual Materials; and Memorabilia.","Series 1: League History, Meeting Minutes and Organizational Documents (1955 - 1990s). This series contains documentation of the running of the LWVFA, such as board meeting minutes, agendas, reports, Directors' files, and budgets.","Series 2: Membership, Member Education, and Events (1947 - 2022). This series contains information on membership to the league, as well as efforts to educate members and execute events, such as members lists, subject-specific memoranda, bulletins, pamphlets, newsletters, handbooks, and bylaws.","Series 3: Programs, Action, and Services (1954 - circa 2020). This series contains documents on specific League programs and \"Action\" or specific efforts to take positions on laws or events happening in government/the community, such as Action Alerts, press releases, Action-relatec correspondence and memoranda, candidates forums documentation, and homeowners associations election files.","Series 4: Publications (1970 - 2017). This series contains publications directly created by the League, including multiple iterations of \"Facts For Voters,\" informational pamphlets on various local issues, correspondence, newsclippings, and newsletters.","Series 5: Correspondence (1972 - 2012). This series contains correspondence between League members and local/U.S. politicans on a number of issues, as well as internal League correspondence.","Series 6: Conventions and Meetings (1957 - 2019). This series contains memoranda, workbooks, and programs from a multitude of LWV meetings and conventions, both local and national.","Series 7: Audiovisual Materials (1981 - circa 2010s). This series contains audiovisual materials such as oral histories on cassette, documents and supplementary materials on CD-ROM, DVDs, and a 1981 television program the LWVFA assisted in producing on U-Matic tape.","Series 8: Memorabilia (circa 1920s - circa 2010s). This series contains memorabilia collected and created by the LWVFA, including a pencil owned by LWV founder Carrie Chapman Catt, buttons stating political positions, bumper stickers, and scrapbooks."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_ref348\"\u003eThe League of Women Voters of the Fairfax Area Records contains materials from the League of Women Voters of the Fairfax Area's (LWVFA) activities and efforts, including organizational documents and correspondence, studies on local and national issues, information on political issues and candidate positions, meeting minutes, newsletters, photographs, audiovisual materials, and memorabilia.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The League of Women Voters of the Fairfax Area Records contains materials from the League of Women Voters of the Fairfax Area's (LWVFA) activities and efforts, including organizational documents and correspondence, studies on local and national issues, information on political issues and candidate positions, meeting minutes, newsletters, photographs, audiovisual materials, and memorabilia."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_5875fbcc3d53efdcd59e115d0c04dd03\"\u003e\nR 16, C 1, S 5 - 7\n\n\nR 16, C 2, S 2 - C 3, S 6\nR 16, C 4, S 1\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R 16, C 1, S 5 - 7\n\n\nR 16, C 2, S 2 - C 3, S 6\nR 16, C 4, S 1"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","League of Women Voters of the Fairfax Area"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","League of Women Voters of the Fairfax Area"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":900,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:35:06.185Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_623"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_92_c03_c02_c05","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Ledger and scrapbook, 1838/1900","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_92_c03_c02_c05#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_92_c03_c02_c05","ref_ssm":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_92_c03_c02_c05"],"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_92_c03_c02_c05","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_92","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_92","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_92_c03_c02","parent_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_92_c03_c02","parent_ssim":["Alexander Haight family collection, 1764/1976","Series 3: Photographs and ephemera, 1976","Sub-series 2: Records and ephemera, 1862/1976"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_92","vifgm_repositories_2_resources_92_c03","vifgm_repositories_2_resources_92_c03_c02"],"title_filing_ssi":"Ledger and scrapbook","title_ssm":["Ledger and scrapbook"],"title_tesim":["Ledger and scrapbook"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ledger and scrapbook, 1838/1900"],"text":["Ledger and scrapbook, 1838/1900","Alexander Haight family collection, 1764/1976","Series 3: Photographs and ephemera, 1976","Sub-series 2: Records and ephemera, 1862/1976","box 6"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Alexander Haight family collection, 1764/1976","Series 3: Photographs and ephemera, 1976","Sub-series 2: Records and ephemera, 1862/1976"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Alexander Haight family collection, 1764/1976","Series 3: Photographs and ephemera, 1976","Sub-series 2: Records and ephemera, 1862/1976"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1838/1900"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1838-1900"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":141,"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"collection_ssim":["Alexander Haight family collection, 1764/1976"],"containers_ssim":["box 6"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no access restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)."],"date_range_isim":[1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#1/components#4","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:35:20.288Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_92","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_92","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_92","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_92","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_92.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Alexander Haight family collection","title_ssm":["Alexander Haight family collection"],"title_tesim":["Alexander Haight family collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1764-1976"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1764-1976"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1764/1976"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alexander Haight family collection, 1764/1976"],"text":["Alexander Haight family collection, 1764/1976","C0159","/repositories/2/resources/92","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Sully Plantation","Northern Virginia","Virginia, Northern -- History","Fairfax County (Va.)","Fairfax County (Va.) -- History","Confederate States of America","Daguerreotype","Photography -- Negatives","World War, 1914-1918","Paper money","Account books","Photographic prints","Reproductions","Tintypes","Correspondence","Photographs","Newspapers","There are no access restrictions.","Digitized selections from this collection appear in the  Sesquicentennial Civil War Documents Project  hosted on Mason Archival Repository Service (MARS).","The collection is arranged into three series.","Series\n      Series 1: Correspondence\n      Series 2: Legal and financial documents\n      Series 3: Photographs and ephemera","Fairfax County: Park Authority. n.d. \"Sully Historic Site History.\" Accessed November 12, 2025. https://www.fairfaxcounty.gov/parks/sully-historic-site/site-history.","Find a Grave. n.d.-a. \"Alexander Haight (1822-1880).\" Accessed November 12, 2025. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/29313800/alexander-haight.","Find a Grave. n.d.-b. \"Alexander Levi Haight (1891-1981).\" Accessed November 12, 2025. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/29313806/alexander_levi-haight.","Find a Grave. n.d.-c. \"Emma Jane Young Haight (1858-1939).\" Accessed November 12, 2025. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/29313803/emma_jane-haight.","Find a Grave. n.d.-d. \"Henry Clement Haight (1859-1936).\" Accessed November 12, 2025. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/29313802/henry_clement-haight.","Wikipedia. 2025. \"Sully Historic Site.\" July 20. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sully_Historic_Site\u0026oldid=1301635745#Chain_of_ownership.","Alexander Haight was born on February 8, 1822 in Dutchess County, New York to Quaker farmers Jacob (1782-1862) and Amy Clement Haight (1787-1863). In 1842, Jacob and Amy purchased the property known as Sully Plantation in Chantilly, Virginia, which was built by Richard Bland Lee between 1787-1794, and soon after invited Alexander to leave New York and help with the running of the property in Virginia. After moving to Sully, Alexander married Pheobe (also spelled \"Phebe\") Sweet (1824-1898) in 1845 and finished construction of their new home, known as \"Little Sully,\" in 1851. The couple would go on to have four children. Eldest daughter Margaret Amy (also known as Maggie) was born in 1848 and married Thomas W. Lee in 1873, Stephen Sweet was born in 1857 and married Henrietta Lucas in 1891, Henry Clement was born in 1859, and youngest George Alexander was born in 1867.","Despite belonging to the Quaker faith (also known as The Religious Society of Friends), whose members actively fought for abolition, records indicate that the Haight family used enslaved labor during their time at Sully. Ownership of the property remained in the Haight family, although transferring formally to Alexander's sister Maria and her husband James Barlow in 1852, and remained so throughout the Civil War, during which both Union and Confederate soldiers crossed the property. In 1869, the family sold Sully to Stephen Shear, but most members of Alexander and Phoebe's branch of the Haight family remained in and around Fairfax County.","In 1886, Jacob and Amy's son Henry Clement married Emma Jane Young, daughter of Union Soldier John M. Young (1831-1865), and the couple would go on to have four children of their own: Helen Hill (1887-1977), Elizabeth Barlow [later Hamill] (1889-1974), Mary [later Millan] (1890–1964), and Alexander Levi (1891-1981).","Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in April 2009. Finding aid updated by Amanda Brent in April 2022.","Collection reprocessed by Meghan Glasbrenner from February-October 2025. Finding aid updated by Meghan Glasbrenner from October-November 2025.","The Special Collections Research Center holds other collections related to the history of Fairfax County and Northern Virginia, such as the Randolph H. Lytton historical Virginia collection.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds other collections related to the Civil War, such as the William Darke Briscoe Civil War diaries collection, and World War I, including the Diary of World War I Red Cross Canteen worker Florence Bishop.","The Alexander Haight family collection contains correspondence, legal and financial documents, account ledgers, photographs, and other materials created and collected by members of the Haight family of Fairfax County, Virginia, including during their time living and working on Sully Plantation, during and after the Civil War, and into the mid-20th century, including during World War I. The collection contains 3 series.","Series 1: Correspondence (1838-1920) includes sent and received personal and professional correspondence, including letters, cards, and postcards. The bulk of the correspondence represents personal communications between members of the Haight family, both with each other and with family friends, including a number of letters sent by Helen Hill Haight during her time volunteering with the American Red Cross during World War I. Additional correspondence includes communications concerning business matters, such as correspondence to and from legal representatives, and a mix of original and reproduction copy letters sent by Union soldier John M. Young during the Civil War. This series is arranged alphabetically by non-Haight correspondent last name. In cases where a member of the Haight family sent a letter to another Haight, and both are already represented elsewhere in the series, letters are arranged alphabetically by the name of the recipient.","Series 2: Legal and financial documents (circa 1764-1948) includes personal and professional legal and financial records, most connected to members of the Haight family, including account ledgers, bank, registered letter, and tax receipts, formal and informal contracts and agreements, and other legal documents created by organizations within Fairfax County. Additional documents include Union Army passes issued to Alexander Haight during the Civil War, Alexander Levi Haight's Fairfax County draft classification card issued during World War I, a New York court summons for Stephen Sweet Haight, a California gold dig payment issued to George Sweet (brother of Phoebe Haight), currency notes, including Confederate paper money, and military orders issued during the Civil War. This series is arranged alphabetically either by last name of the subject or creator of the document or by title of the document.","Series 3: Photographs and ephemera (circa 1850s-1976) includes photographs, personal records, mementoes, and general ephemera created or collected by members of the Haight family. It is further divided into two subseries. Sub-series 1: Photographs (circa 1850s-1960s) includes original and reproduction photographic prints, including daguerreotypes and tintypes, with subjects including Sully Plantation, formal and informal portraits of members of the Haight family, Alexander Haight's prize horse, a portrait of a girl enslaved on Sully Plantation identified as Clio, and various locations and individuals in and around Fairfax County. Items are arranged chronologically by year of creation. Sub-series 2: Records and ephemera (circa 1862-1976) includes personal records and mementoes including programs, booklets, newspapers and clippings, poems, manuscripts, postcards, scrapbooks, and general ephemera items. Items are arranged chronologically by year of creation and grouped by material type or function.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/).","The Alexander Haight family collection contains correspondence, legal and financial documents, account ledgers, photographs, and other materials created and collected by members of the Haight family of Fairfax County, Virginia, including during their time living and working on Sully Plantation, during and after the Civil War, and into the mid-20th century, including during World War I.","R 42, C 3, S 1-2\n\nR 42, C 4, S 1\n\nMap Case 27.2","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Haight, Alexander Levi, 1891-1981","Haight, Alexander, 1822-1880","Haight, Elizabeth Barlow, 1889-1974","Haight, Emma Jane, 1858-1939","Haight, George Alexander, 1867-1920","Haight, Helen Hill, 1887-1977","Haight, Henry Clement, 1859-1936","Haight, Phoebe, 1824-1898","Haight, Stephen Sweet","Sweet, George, 1821-1898","Young, John M., 1832-1864","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Alexander Haight family collection, 1764/1976"],"collection_ssim":["Alexander Haight family collection, 1764/1976"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0159","/repositories/2/resources/92"],"unitid_tesim":["C0159","/repositories/2/resources/92"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Sully Plantation","Northern Virginia","Virginia, Northern -- History","Fairfax County (Va.)","Fairfax County (Va.) -- History","Confederate States of America"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Sully Plantation","Northern Virginia","Virginia, Northern -- History","Fairfax County (Va.)","Fairfax County (Va.) -- History","Confederate States of America"],"places_ssim":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Sully Plantation","Northern Virginia","Virginia, Northern -- History","Fairfax County (Va.)","Fairfax County (Va.) -- History","Confederate States of America"],"creator_ssm":["Haight, Alexander Levi, 1891-1981"],"creator_ssim":["Haight, Alexander Levi, 1891-1981"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Haight, Alexander Levi, 1891-1981","Haight, Alexander, 1822-1880","Haight, Elizabeth Barlow, 1889-1974","Haight, Emma Jane, 1858-1939","Haight, George Alexander, 1867-1920","Haight, Helen Hill, 1887-1977","Haight, Henry Clement, 1859-1936","Haight, Phoebe, 1824-1898","Haight, Stephen Sweet","Sweet, George, 1821-1898","Young, John M., 1832-1864"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Haight, Alexander Levi, 1891-1981","Haight, Alexander, 1822-1880","Haight, Elizabeth Barlow, 1889-1974","Haight, Emma Jane, 1858-1939","Haight, George Alexander, 1867-1920","Haight, Helen Hill, 1887-1977","Haight, Henry Clement, 1859-1936","Haight, Phoebe, 1824-1898","Haight, Stephen Sweet","Sweet, George, 1821-1898","Young, John M., 1832-1864","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Alexander Levi Haight in 1978."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Daguerreotype","Photography -- Negatives","World War, 1914-1918","Paper money","Account books","Photographic prints","Reproductions","Tintypes","Correspondence","Photographs","Newspapers"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Daguerreotype","Photography -- Negatives","World War, 1914-1918","Paper money","Account books","Photographic prints","Reproductions","Tintypes","Correspondence","Photographs","Newspapers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["7 Linear Feet 7 boxes, 1 map case"],"extent_tesim":["7 Linear Feet 7 boxes, 1 map case"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographic prints","Reproductions","Tintypes","Correspondence","Photographs","Newspapers"],"date_range_isim":[1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDigitized selections from this collection appear in the \u003ca href=\"http://mars.gmu.edu/handle/1920/6210\"\u003e Sesquicentennial Civil War Documents Project \u003c/a\u003e hosted on Mason Archival Repository Service (MARS).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternate Form Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["Digitized selections from this collection appear in the  Sesquicentennial Civil War Documents Project  hosted on Mason Archival Repository Service (MARS)."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into three series.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eSeries\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Correspondence\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Legal and financial documents\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: Photographs and ephemera\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into three series.","Series\n      Series 1: Correspondence\n      Series 2: Legal and financial documents\n      Series 3: Photographs and ephemera"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFairfax County: Park Authority. n.d. \"Sully Historic Site History.\" Accessed November 12, 2025. https://www.fairfaxcounty.gov/parks/sully-historic-site/site-history.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFind a Grave. n.d.-a. \"Alexander Haight (1822-1880).\" Accessed November 12, 2025. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/29313800/alexander-haight.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFind a Grave. n.d.-b. \"Alexander Levi Haight (1891-1981).\" Accessed November 12, 2025. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/29313806/alexander_levi-haight.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFind a Grave. n.d.-c. \"Emma Jane Young Haight (1858-1939).\" Accessed November 12, 2025. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/29313803/emma_jane-haight.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFind a Grave. n.d.-d. \"Henry Clement Haight (1859-1936).\" Accessed November 12, 2025. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/29313802/henry_clement-haight.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle\u003eWikipedia\u003c/title\u003e. 2025. \"Sully Historic Site.\" July 20. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sully_Historic_Site\u0026amp;oldid=1301635745#Chain_of_ownership.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Fairfax County: Park Authority. n.d. \"Sully Historic Site History.\" Accessed November 12, 2025. https://www.fairfaxcounty.gov/parks/sully-historic-site/site-history.","Find a Grave. n.d.-a. \"Alexander Haight (1822-1880).\" Accessed November 12, 2025. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/29313800/alexander-haight.","Find a Grave. n.d.-b. \"Alexander Levi Haight (1891-1981).\" Accessed November 12, 2025. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/29313806/alexander_levi-haight.","Find a Grave. n.d.-c. \"Emma Jane Young Haight (1858-1939).\" Accessed November 12, 2025. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/29313803/emma_jane-haight.","Find a Grave. n.d.-d. \"Henry Clement Haight (1859-1936).\" Accessed November 12, 2025. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/29313802/henry_clement-haight.","Wikipedia. 2025. \"Sully Historic Site.\" July 20. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sully_Historic_Site\u0026oldid=1301635745#Chain_of_ownership."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlexander Haight was born on February 8, 1822 in Dutchess County, New York to Quaker farmers Jacob (1782-1862) and Amy Clement Haight (1787-1863). In 1842, Jacob and Amy purchased the property known as Sully Plantation in Chantilly, Virginia, which was built by Richard Bland Lee between 1787-1794, and soon after invited Alexander to leave New York and help with the running of the property in Virginia. After moving to Sully, Alexander married Pheobe (also spelled \"Phebe\") Sweet (1824-1898) in 1845 and finished construction of their new home, known as \"Little Sully,\" in 1851. The couple would go on to have four children. Eldest daughter Margaret Amy (also known as Maggie) was born in 1848 and married Thomas W. Lee in 1873, Stephen Sweet was born in 1857 and married Henrietta Lucas in 1891, Henry Clement was born in 1859, and youngest George Alexander was born in 1867.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDespite belonging to the Quaker faith (also known as The Religious Society of Friends), whose members actively fought for abolition, records indicate that the Haight family used enslaved labor during their time at Sully. Ownership of the property remained in the Haight family, although transferring formally to Alexander's sister Maria and her husband James Barlow in 1852, and remained so throughout the Civil War, during which both Union and Confederate soldiers crossed the property. In 1869, the family sold Sully to Stephen Shear, but most members of Alexander and Phoebe's branch of the Haight family remained in and around Fairfax County.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1886, Jacob and Amy's son Henry Clement married Emma Jane Young, daughter of Union Soldier John M. Young (1831-1865), and the couple would go on to have four children of their own: Helen Hill (1887-1977), Elizabeth Barlow [later Hamill] (1889-1974), Mary [later Millan] (1890–1964), and Alexander Levi (1891-1981).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Alexander Haight was born on February 8, 1822 in Dutchess County, New York to Quaker farmers Jacob (1782-1862) and Amy Clement Haight (1787-1863). In 1842, Jacob and Amy purchased the property known as Sully Plantation in Chantilly, Virginia, which was built by Richard Bland Lee between 1787-1794, and soon after invited Alexander to leave New York and help with the running of the property in Virginia. After moving to Sully, Alexander married Pheobe (also spelled \"Phebe\") Sweet (1824-1898) in 1845 and finished construction of their new home, known as \"Little Sully,\" in 1851. The couple would go on to have four children. Eldest daughter Margaret Amy (also known as Maggie) was born in 1848 and married Thomas W. Lee in 1873, Stephen Sweet was born in 1857 and married Henrietta Lucas in 1891, Henry Clement was born in 1859, and youngest George Alexander was born in 1867.","Despite belonging to the Quaker faith (also known as The Religious Society of Friends), whose members actively fought for abolition, records indicate that the Haight family used enslaved labor during their time at Sully. Ownership of the property remained in the Haight family, although transferring formally to Alexander's sister Maria and her husband James Barlow in 1852, and remained so throughout the Civil War, during which both Union and Confederate soldiers crossed the property. In 1869, the family sold Sully to Stephen Shear, but most members of Alexander and Phoebe's branch of the Haight family remained in and around Fairfax County.","In 1886, Jacob and Amy's son Henry Clement married Emma Jane Young, daughter of Union Soldier John M. Young (1831-1865), and the couple would go on to have four children of their own: Helen Hill (1887-1977), Elizabeth Barlow [later Hamill] (1889-1974), Mary [later Millan] (1890–1964), and Alexander Levi (1891-1981)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlexander Haight family collection, C0159, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Alexander Haight family collection, C0159, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in April 2009. Finding aid updated by Amanda Brent in April 2022.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCollection reprocessed by Meghan Glasbrenner from February-October 2025. Finding aid updated by Meghan Glasbrenner from October-November 2025.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in April 2009. Finding aid updated by Amanda Brent in April 2022.","Collection reprocessed by Meghan Glasbrenner from February-October 2025. Finding aid updated by Meghan Glasbrenner from October-November 2025."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center holds other collections related to the history of \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/subjects/n79043615\"\u003eFairfax County\u003c/a\u003e and \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/subjects/1619\"\u003eNorthern Virginia\u003c/a\u003e, such as the \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0311\"\u003eRandolph H. Lytton historical Virginia collection\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds other collections related to the \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/subjects/sh85140205\"\u003eCivil War\u003c/a\u003e, such as the \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0239\"\u003eWilliam Darke Briscoe Civil War diaries collection\u003c/a\u003e, and \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/subjects/sh85148236\"\u003eWorld War I\u003c/a\u003e, including the \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0393\"\u003eDiary of World War I Red Cross Canteen worker Florence Bishop\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center holds other collections related to the history of Fairfax County and Northern Virginia, such as the Randolph H. Lytton historical Virginia collection.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds other collections related to the Civil War, such as the William Darke Briscoe Civil War diaries collection, and World War I, including the Diary of World War I Red Cross Canteen worker Florence Bishop."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Alexander Haight family collection contains correspondence, legal and financial documents, account ledgers, photographs, and other materials created and collected by members of the Haight family of Fairfax County, Virginia, including during their time living and working on Sully Plantation, during and after the Civil War, and into the mid-20th century, including during World War I. The collection contains 3 series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Correspondence (1838-1920) includes sent and received personal and professional correspondence, including letters, cards, and postcards. The bulk of the correspondence represents personal communications between members of the Haight family, both with each other and with family friends, including a number of letters sent by Helen Hill Haight during her time volunteering with the American Red Cross during World War I. Additional correspondence includes communications concerning business matters, such as correspondence to and from legal representatives, and a mix of original and reproduction copy letters sent by Union soldier John M. Young during the Civil War. This series is arranged alphabetically by non-Haight correspondent last name. In cases where a member of the Haight family sent a letter to another Haight, and both are already represented elsewhere in the series, letters are arranged alphabetically by the name of the recipient.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Legal and financial documents (circa 1764-1948) includes personal and professional legal and financial records, most connected to members of the Haight family, including account ledgers, bank, registered letter, and tax receipts, formal and informal contracts and agreements, and other legal documents created by organizations within Fairfax County. Additional documents include Union Army passes issued to Alexander Haight during the Civil War, Alexander Levi Haight's Fairfax County draft classification card issued during World War I, a New York court summons for Stephen Sweet Haight, a California gold dig payment issued to George Sweet (brother of Phoebe Haight), currency notes, including Confederate paper money, and military orders issued during the Civil War. This series is arranged alphabetically either by last name of the subject or creator of the document or by title of the document.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Photographs and ephemera (circa 1850s-1976) includes photographs, personal records, mementoes, and general ephemera created or collected by members of the Haight family. It is further divided into two subseries. Sub-series 1: Photographs (circa 1850s-1960s) includes original and reproduction photographic prints, including daguerreotypes and tintypes, with subjects including Sully Plantation, formal and informal portraits of members of the Haight family, Alexander Haight's prize horse, a portrait of a girl enslaved on Sully Plantation identified as Clio, and various locations and individuals in and around Fairfax County. Items are arranged chronologically by year of creation. Sub-series 2: Records and ephemera (circa 1862-1976) includes personal records and mementoes including programs, booklets, newspapers and clippings, poems, manuscripts, postcards, scrapbooks, and general ephemera items. Items are arranged chronologically by year of creation and grouped by material type or function.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Alexander Haight family collection contains correspondence, legal and financial documents, account ledgers, photographs, and other materials created and collected by members of the Haight family of Fairfax County, Virginia, including during their time living and working on Sully Plantation, during and after the Civil War, and into the mid-20th century, including during World War I. The collection contains 3 series.","Series 1: Correspondence (1838-1920) includes sent and received personal and professional correspondence, including letters, cards, and postcards. The bulk of the correspondence represents personal communications between members of the Haight family, both with each other and with family friends, including a number of letters sent by Helen Hill Haight during her time volunteering with the American Red Cross during World War I. Additional correspondence includes communications concerning business matters, such as correspondence to and from legal representatives, and a mix of original and reproduction copy letters sent by Union soldier John M. Young during the Civil War. This series is arranged alphabetically by non-Haight correspondent last name. In cases where a member of the Haight family sent a letter to another Haight, and both are already represented elsewhere in the series, letters are arranged alphabetically by the name of the recipient.","Series 2: Legal and financial documents (circa 1764-1948) includes personal and professional legal and financial records, most connected to members of the Haight family, including account ledgers, bank, registered letter, and tax receipts, formal and informal contracts and agreements, and other legal documents created by organizations within Fairfax County. Additional documents include Union Army passes issued to Alexander Haight during the Civil War, Alexander Levi Haight's Fairfax County draft classification card issued during World War I, a New York court summons for Stephen Sweet Haight, a California gold dig payment issued to George Sweet (brother of Phoebe Haight), currency notes, including Confederate paper money, and military orders issued during the Civil War. This series is arranged alphabetically either by last name of the subject or creator of the document or by title of the document.","Series 3: Photographs and ephemera (circa 1850s-1976) includes photographs, personal records, mementoes, and general ephemera created or collected by members of the Haight family. It is further divided into two subseries. Sub-series 1: Photographs (circa 1850s-1960s) includes original and reproduction photographic prints, including daguerreotypes and tintypes, with subjects including Sully Plantation, formal and informal portraits of members of the Haight family, Alexander Haight's prize horse, a portrait of a girl enslaved on Sully Plantation identified as Clio, and various locations and individuals in and around Fairfax County. Items are arranged chronologically by year of creation. Sub-series 2: Records and ephemera (circa 1862-1976) includes personal records and mementoes including programs, booklets, newspapers and clippings, poems, manuscripts, postcards, scrapbooks, and general ephemera items. Items are arranged chronologically by year of creation and grouped by material type or function."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_1a9c21db7465505ff5fd6fb4dd32382c\"\u003eThe Alexander Haight family collection contains correspondence, legal and financial documents, account ledgers, photographs, and other materials created and collected by members of the Haight family of Fairfax County, Virginia, including during their time living and working on Sully Plantation, during and after the Civil War, and into the mid-20th century, including during World War I.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Alexander Haight family collection contains correspondence, legal and financial documents, account ledgers, photographs, and other materials created and collected by members of the Haight family of Fairfax County, Virginia, including during their time living and working on Sully Plantation, during and after the Civil War, and into the mid-20th century, including during World War I."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_cca8c73795be2609e42bfc24f7715bf9\"\u003eR 42, C 3, S 1-2\n\nR 42, C 4, S 1\n\nMap Case 27.2\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R 42, C 3, S 1-2\n\nR 42, C 4, S 1\n\nMap Case 27.2"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Haight, Alexander Levi, 1891-1981","Haight, Alexander, 1822-1880","Haight, Elizabeth Barlow, 1889-1974","Haight, Emma Jane, 1858-1939","Haight, George Alexander, 1867-1920","Haight, Helen Hill, 1887-1977","Haight, Henry Clement, 1859-1936","Haight, Phoebe, 1824-1898","Haight, Stephen Sweet","Sweet, George, 1821-1898","Young, John M., 1832-1864"],"names_coll_ssim":["Haight, Alexander, 1822-1880","Haight, Elizabeth Barlow, 1889-1974","Haight, Emma Jane, 1858-1939","Haight, George Alexander, 1867-1920","Haight, Helen Hill, 1887-1977","Haight, Henry Clement, 1859-1936","Haight, Phoebe, 1824-1898","Haight, Stephen Sweet","Sweet, George, 1821-1898","Young, John M., 1832-1864"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Haight, Alexander Levi, 1891-1981","Haight, Alexander, 1822-1880","Haight, Elizabeth Barlow, 1889-1974","Haight, Emma Jane, 1858-1939","Haight, George Alexander, 1867-1920","Haight, Helen Hill, 1887-1977","Haight, Henry Clement, 1859-1936","Haight, Phoebe, 1824-1898","Haight, Stephen Sweet","Sweet, George, 1821-1898","Young, John M., 1832-1864"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":156,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:35:20.288Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_92_c03_c02_c05"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_460_c05_c32","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Letters and envelopes related to Fairfax, VA, 1820/1939","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_460_c05_c32#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_460_c05_c32","ref_ssm":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_460_c05_c32"],"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_460_c05_c32","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_460","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_460","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_460_c05","parent_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_460_c05","parent_ssim":["Randolph H. Lytton historical Virginia collection","Series 5: Mixed Media, 1712/2004"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_460","vifgm_repositories_2_resources_460_c05"],"title_filing_ssi":"Letters and envelopes related to Fairfax, VA","title_ssm":["Letters and envelopes related to Fairfax, VA"],"title_tesim":["Letters and envelopes related to Fairfax, VA"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Letters and envelopes related to Fairfax, VA, 1820/1939"],"text":["Letters and envelopes related to Fairfax, VA, 1820/1939","Randolph H. Lytton historical Virginia collection","Series 5: Mixed Media, 1712/2004","box 10","folder 1"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Randolph H. Lytton historical Virginia collection","Series 5: Mixed Media, 1712/2004"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Randolph H. Lytton historical Virginia collection","Series 5: Mixed Media, 1712/2004"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1820/1939"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1820-1939"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":205,"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"collection_ssim":["Randolph H. Lytton historical Virginia collection"],"containers_ssim":["box 10","folder 1"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no access restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["For materials created before 1900: No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)","For materials created after 1900: The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated. (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"date_range_isim":[1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents note"],"_nest_path_":"/components#4/components#31","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:34:53.150Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_460","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_460","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_460","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_460","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_460.xml","title_ssm":["Randolph H. Lytton historical Virginia collection"],"title_tesim":["Randolph H. Lytton historical Virginia collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1670 - 2004"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1670 - 2004"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Randolph H. Lytton historical Virginia collection"],"text":["Randolph H. Lytton historical Virginia collection","C0311","/repositories/2/resources/460","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern -- History","Letters","Maps","Newspapers","Photography","Presidents -- United States","Slides (Photography)","Correspondence","Photographs","Photographic prints","Reproductions","Tintypes","There are no access restrictions.","A portion of this collection was digitized and is available to view  and","This collection is arranged by subject.","Series\n      Series 1: Postcards, 1903-1982 (Boxes 1-2)\n      Series 2: Civil War Era Materials, 1861-1914 (Boxes 2-5)\n      Series 3: George Washington, circa 1700-1960 (Box 5)\n      Series 4: Fairfax Family, 1670-1975 (Box 6)\n      Series 5: Mixed Media, 1712-2004 (Boxes 7-11)","Fairfax County Economic Development Authority. https://www.fairfaxcountyeda.org/history-fairfax-county-virginia (Accessed September 6, 2018)","City of Fairfax Virginia. https://www.fairfaxva.gov/government/historic-resources/city-history (Accessed September 6, 2018)","Fairfax County was originally granted to Thomas Fairfax, Sixth Lord Fairfax of Cameron by Charles II in 1719. It was not until 1742 that the Virginia Assembly officially established Fairfax as a county. Throughout the 18th century, Fairfax modernized in the form of industry and trade. With modernization, Fairfax County was fractured into Alexandria, Arlington, Falls Church, and Loudon. It was also during the time period that the Fairfax Courthouse was constructed with the financial aid of Richard Ratcliffe.","The 19th century brought conflict and subsequent growth to Fairfax County. Many Civil War battles took place within the county as well as the first land engagement of the American Civil War, which took place on June 1, 1861. During the war, Fairfax Courthouse changed hands many times between the Union and Confederacy. After the war, Fairfax experienced economic growth but also remained an agrarian-driven area. By the mid-20th century, Fairfax had experienced a massive population boom, largely as a result of President Roosevelt's increase in government programs, which produced large numbers of new citizens within Fairfax itself. The growth within Fairfax continues today.","Processed by Bill Keeler in August 2018. EAD markup completed by Bill Keeler in September 2018.","The collection includes artwork, campaign materials, correspondence, envelopes, indentures, maps, military paperwork, newspapers, paper currency, photographs, postcards, and publications on Virginia, particularly Fairfax County. The items in the collection were collected by George Mason University Emeritus Faculty member Randolph H. Lytton. The collection is arranged into five series:","Series 1: Postcards (1903-1982). This series includes postcards from Virginia.","Series 2: Civil War Era Materials (1861-1914). This series includes artwork, letters, maps, military paperwork, newspapers, paper currency, and photographs.","Series 3: George Washington (circa 1700-1960). This series includes artwork, envelopes, maps, photographs and postcards.","Series 4: Fairfax Family (1670-1975). This series includes artwork, correspondence, indentures, photographs, postcards, and stamps.","Series 5: Mixed Media (1712-2004). This series includes advertisements, campaign materials, maps, money orders, photographs, and publications.","For materials created before 1900: No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)","For materials created after 1900: The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated. (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","The collection includes artwork, campaign materials, correspondence, envelopes, indentures, maps, military paperwork, newspapers, paper currency, photographs, postcards, and publications on Virginia, particularly Fairfax County.","R54, C2, S7-C3, S2\nMap Case 13.4, 13.5, 15.1","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Lytton, Randolph Hoopes, 1944-","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Randolph H. Lytton historical Virginia collection"],"collection_ssim":["Randolph H. Lytton historical Virginia collection"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0311","/repositories/2/resources/460"],"unitid_tesim":["C0311","/repositories/2/resources/460"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern -- History"],"places_ssim":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Lytton, Randolph Hoopes, 1944-"],"creator_ssim":["Lytton, Randolph Hoopes, 1944-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Lytton, Randolph Hoopes, 1944-"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Lytton, Randolph Hoopes, 1944-","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["For materials created before 1900: No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)","For materials created after 1900: The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated. (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Collection donated by George Mason University Emeritus Faculty member Randolph H. Lytton from 2004 to 2015."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Letters","Maps","Newspapers","Photography","Presidents -- United States","Slides (Photography)","Correspondence","Photographs","Photographic prints","Reproductions","Tintypes"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Letters","Maps","Newspapers","Photography","Presidents -- United States","Slides (Photography)","Correspondence","Photographs","Photographic prints","Reproductions","Tintypes"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["15 Linear Feet 11 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["15 Linear Feet 11 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Photographs","Photographic prints","Reproductions","Tintypes"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA portion of this collection was digitized and is available to view \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"here\" href=\"https://images.gmu.edu/luna/servlet/GMU~15~15\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e and \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"here.\" href=\"https://mars.gmu.edu/handle/1920/5111\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternative Form Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["A portion of this collection was digitized and is available to view  and"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged by subject.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eSeries\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Postcards, 1903-1982 (Boxes 1-2)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Civil War Era Materials, 1861-1914 (Boxes 2-5)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: George Washington, circa 1700-1960 (Box 5)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 4: Fairfax Family, 1670-1975 (Box 6)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 5: Mixed Media, 1712-2004 (Boxes 7-11)\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged by subject.","Series\n      Series 1: Postcards, 1903-1982 (Boxes 1-2)\n      Series 2: Civil War Era Materials, 1861-1914 (Boxes 2-5)\n      Series 3: George Washington, circa 1700-1960 (Box 5)\n      Series 4: Fairfax Family, 1670-1975 (Box 6)\n      Series 5: Mixed Media, 1712-2004 (Boxes 7-11)"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFairfax County Economic Development Authority. https://www.fairfaxcountyeda.org/history-fairfax-county-virginia (Accessed September 6, 2018)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCity of Fairfax Virginia. https://www.fairfaxva.gov/government/historic-resources/city-history (Accessed September 6, 2018)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Fairfax County Economic Development Authority. https://www.fairfaxcountyeda.org/history-fairfax-county-virginia (Accessed September 6, 2018)","City of Fairfax Virginia. https://www.fairfaxva.gov/government/historic-resources/city-history (Accessed September 6, 2018)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFairfax County was originally granted to Thomas Fairfax, Sixth Lord Fairfax of Cameron by Charles II in 1719. It was not until 1742 that the Virginia Assembly officially established Fairfax as a county. Throughout the 18th century, Fairfax modernized in the form of industry and trade. With modernization, Fairfax County was fractured into Alexandria, Arlington, Falls Church, and Loudon. It was also during the time period that the Fairfax Courthouse was constructed with the financial aid of Richard Ratcliffe.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe 19th century brought conflict and subsequent growth to Fairfax County. Many Civil War battles took place within the county as well as the first land engagement of the American Civil War, which took place on June 1, 1861. During the war, Fairfax Courthouse changed hands many times between the Union and Confederacy. After the war, Fairfax experienced economic growth but also remained an agrarian-driven area. By the mid-20th century, Fairfax had experienced a massive population boom, largely as a result of President Roosevelt's increase in government programs, which produced large numbers of new citizens within Fairfax itself. The growth within Fairfax continues today. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Fairfax County was originally granted to Thomas Fairfax, Sixth Lord Fairfax of Cameron by Charles II in 1719. It was not until 1742 that the Virginia Assembly officially established Fairfax as a county. Throughout the 18th century, Fairfax modernized in the form of industry and trade. With modernization, Fairfax County was fractured into Alexandria, Arlington, Falls Church, and Loudon. It was also during the time period that the Fairfax Courthouse was constructed with the financial aid of Richard Ratcliffe.","The 19th century brought conflict and subsequent growth to Fairfax County. Many Civil War battles took place within the county as well as the first land engagement of the American Civil War, which took place on June 1, 1861. During the war, Fairfax Courthouse changed hands many times between the Union and Confederacy. After the war, Fairfax experienced economic growth but also remained an agrarian-driven area. By the mid-20th century, Fairfax had experienced a massive population boom, largely as a result of President Roosevelt's increase in government programs, which produced large numbers of new citizens within Fairfax itself. The growth within Fairfax continues today."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRandolph H. Lytton historical Virginia collection, C0311, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Randolph H. Lytton historical Virginia collection, C0311, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Bill Keeler in August 2018. EAD markup completed by Bill Keeler in September 2018.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Bill Keeler in August 2018. EAD markup completed by Bill Keeler in September 2018."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes artwork, campaign materials, correspondence, envelopes, indentures, maps, military paperwork, newspapers, paper currency, photographs, postcards, and publications on Virginia, particularly Fairfax County. The items in the collection were collected by George Mason University Emeritus Faculty member Randolph H. Lytton. The collection is arranged into five series: \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Postcards (1903-1982). This series includes postcards from Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Civil War Era Materials (1861-1914). This series includes artwork, letters, maps, military paperwork, newspapers, paper currency, and photographs. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: George Washington (circa 1700-1960). This series includes artwork, envelopes, maps, photographs and postcards. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Fairfax Family (1670-1975). This series includes artwork, correspondence, indentures, photographs, postcards, and stamps. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Mixed Media (1712-2004). This series includes advertisements, campaign materials, maps, money orders, photographs, and publications. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection includes artwork, campaign materials, correspondence, envelopes, indentures, maps, military paperwork, newspapers, paper currency, photographs, postcards, and publications on Virginia, particularly Fairfax County. The items in the collection were collected by George Mason University Emeritus Faculty member Randolph H. Lytton. The collection is arranged into five series:","Series 1: Postcards (1903-1982). This series includes postcards from Virginia.","Series 2: Civil War Era Materials (1861-1914). This series includes artwork, letters, maps, military paperwork, newspapers, paper currency, and photographs.","Series 3: George Washington (circa 1700-1960). This series includes artwork, envelopes, maps, photographs and postcards.","Series 4: Fairfax Family (1670-1975). This series includes artwork, correspondence, indentures, photographs, postcards, and stamps.","Series 5: Mixed Media (1712-2004). This series includes advertisements, campaign materials, maps, money orders, photographs, and publications."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFor materials created before 1900: No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor materials created after 1900: The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated. (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["For materials created before 1900: No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)","For materials created after 1900: The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated. (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_dbce34e7d3c1b76f0548428cd9e54373\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection includes artwork, campaign materials, correspondence, envelopes, indentures, maps, military paperwork, newspapers, paper currency, photographs, postcards, and publications on Virginia, particularly Fairfax County.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The collection includes artwork, campaign materials, correspondence, envelopes, indentures, maps, military paperwork, newspapers, paper currency, photographs, postcards, and publications on Virginia, particularly Fairfax County."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_565b698cd913a18e3d78aafff8fb538f\"\u003eR54, C2, S7-C3, S2\nMap Case 13.4, 13.5, 15.1\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R54, C2, S7-C3, S2\nMap Case 13.4, 13.5, 15.1"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Lytton, Randolph Hoopes, 1944-"],"names_coll_ssim":["Lytton, Randolph Hoopes, 1944-"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Lytton, Randolph Hoopes, 1944-"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":224,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:34:53.150Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_460_c05_c32"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_780_c11","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Lind, Jenny engraving of the bust by J. Durham with facsimile signature, 1850","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_780_c11#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eEngraved by W. Roffe, from a drawing by F. Roffe. Newspaper clipping about the drawing included in folder.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_780_c11#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_780_c11","ref_ssm":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_780_c11"],"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_780_c11","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_780","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_780","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_780","parent_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_780","parent_ssim":["European opera singer and actor portrait collection"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vifgm_repositories_2_resources_780"],"title_filing_ssi":"Lind, Jenny engraving of the bust by J. Durham with facsimile signature","title_ssm":["Lind, Jenny engraving of the bust by J. Durham with facsimile signature"],"title_tesim":["Lind, Jenny engraving of the bust by J. Durham with facsimile signature"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Lind, Jenny engraving of the bust by J. Durham with facsimile signature, 1850"],"text":["Lind, Jenny engraving of the bust by J. Durham with facsimile signature, 1850","European opera singer and actor portrait collection","box 1","folder 11","Engraved by W. Roffe, from a drawing by F. Roffe. Newspaper clipping about the drawing included in folder."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["European opera singer and actor portrait collection"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["European opera singer and actor portrait collection"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1850"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["circa 1850"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":11,"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"collection_ssim":["European opera singer and actor portrait collection"],"containers_ssim":["box 1","folder 11"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no access restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"date_range_isim":[1850],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEngraved by W. Roffe, from a drawing by F. Roffe. Newspaper clipping about the drawing included in folder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Engraved by W. Roffe, from a drawing by F. Roffe. Newspaper clipping about the drawing included in folder."],"_nest_path_":"/components#10","timestamp":"2026-09-17T13:57:31.047Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_780","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_780","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_780","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_780","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_780.xml","title_filing_ssi":"European opera singer and actor portrait collection","title_ssm":["European opera singer and actor portrait collection"],"title_tesim":["European opera singer and actor portrait collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1760s-1910s"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1760s-1910s"],"normalized_title_ssm":["European opera singer and actor portrait collection"],"text":["European opera singer and actor portrait collection","C0555","/repositories/2/resources/780","Opera","Engraving","Lithography","Performing arts","Operetta","Theater","Theater -- Europe","Photogravures","Photographic prints","Photographs","There are no access restrictions.","Items are arranged alphabetically by subject last name.","A Modern Reveal: Songs and Stories of Women Composers. n.d. \"Delphine Ugalde.\" Accessed July 17, 2026. https://www.amodernreveal.com/delphine-ugalde.","Bienvenu, Germain. n.d. \"Research Guides: Louisiana Music History: Materials in Special Collections: Adelina Patti.\" Louisiana State University Libraries. Accessed July 17, 2026. https://guides.lib.lsu.edu/LouisianaMusic/patti.","British Museum. n.d. \"Alexandre Lacauchie.\" Accessed July 17, 2026. https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG34480.","Cornélie Falcon, French Soprano. 1814. January 28. https://www.helvetialyrica.com/en/portfolio_page/falcon-soprano/.","Fuller, Nicholas. 2022. \"213. La Sirène (Auber).\" The Opera Scribe, April 29. https://operascribe.com/2022/04/29/213-la-sirene-auber/.","Gänzl, Kurt. 2014. \"You Dont Have to Be a Skinny to Be a Superstar: Marie Desclauzas.\" Offenbach \u0026 Co. Operetta Research Center, August 25. http://operetta-research-center.org/dont-skinny-soprano-superstar-marie-desclauzas/.","Les Archives Du Spectacle. 1835. \"Les Deux Reines.\" August 6. https://lesarchivesduspectacle.net/s/118775-Les-Deux-Reines.","Mary Evans Picture Library. n.d. \"Images of Dozainville, Baptiste-Pierre Dardel, French Actor, 1758-1809.\" Accessed July 17, 2026. https://www.maryevans.com/contributors/flo/dozainville-baptiste-pierre-dardel-45804499.html.","\"Meet Jenny Lind, One of America's First Female Celebrities.\" 2016. January 26. https://americanhistory.si.edu/explore/stories/jenny-lind.","Royal Collection Trust. n.d. \"David Joseph Desvachez (1822-1902) - THE ROYAL SISTERS.\" Accessed July 17, 2026. https://www.rct.uk/collection/606074/the-royal-sisters.","\"SPL Rare Books.\" n.d. Accessed July 13, 2026. https://www.splrarebooks.com/collection/view/petite-galerie-dramatique-ou-recueil-de-differents-costumes-dacteurs-.3.","Svenskt Kvinnobiografiskt Lexikon. n.d. \"Sigrid Taube Marie Arnoldson.\" Accessed July 13, 2026. http://skbl.se/en/article/SigridArnoldson.","Wikipedia. 2024. \"Delphine Ugalde.\" November 6. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Delphine_Ugalde\u0026oldid=1255705244.","Wikipedia. 2025. \"Constance Jawureck.\" March 10. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Constance_Jawureck\u0026oldid=1279778029.","Wikipedia. 2025. \"Georgette Bréjean-Silver.\" September 5. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Georgette_Br%C3%A9jean-Silver\u0026oldid=1309625020.","Wikipedia. 2025. \"Marie Magdalene Charlotte Ackermann.\" December 8. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marie_Magdalene_Charlotte_Ackermann\u0026oldid=1326343810.","Wikipedia. 2025. \"Martin-Joseph Mengal.\" August 11. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Martin-Joseph_Mengal\u0026oldid=1305418452.","Wikipedia. 2026. \"Adelina Patti.\" July 6. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adelina_Patti\u0026oldid=1362846767.","Wikipedia. 2026. \"Ernesto Rossi (actor).\" June 14. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ernesto_Rossi_(actor)\u0026oldid=1359283321.","Wikipedia. 2026. \"Jenny Lind.\" July 1. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jenny_Lind\u0026oldid=1362039643.","Wikipedia. 2026. \"Léopold-Émile Reutlinger.\" July 2. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9opold-%C3%89mile_Reutlinger\u0026oldid=1362184806.","Wikipedia. 2026. \"Marie Cabel.\" May 25. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marie_Cabel\u0026oldid=1356029357.","Wikipedia. 2026. \"Marietta Brambilla.\" May 19. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marietta_Brambilla\u0026oldid=1354992490.","Johanna Maria Lind, known professionally as Jenny Lind, was born on October 6, 1820 in Stockholm, Sweden. Nicknamed the \"Swedish Nightingale,\" Lind gained fame as an operatic soprano throughout Europe starting at the age of 11. By the age of 28, Lind announced her retirement from the operatic stage, playing her last performance, which was attended by Queen Victoria and members of the British Royal Family, on May 10, 1849 in London, England. In September 1850, Lind sailed to America after showman P.T. Barnum offered her an 18-month contract to perform 150 concerts throughout the United States at the rate of $1,000 per performance. Barnum's advanced publicity led to Lind achieving national celebrity status even before she arrived in America, with the press at the time referring to the enthusiastic reception and high demand for tickets as \"Lind mania.\" Lind donated her earnings to charity, including an endowment of free schools in Sweden. After marrying Otto Goldschmidt in 1852 she returned to Europe where she remained until her death on November 2, 1887 at the age of 67.","Léopold-Émile Reutlinger was born March 17, 1863 in Callao, Peru to a German-Jewish family of photographers. In 1883 he joined the family's photography studio in Paris, France before taking over in 1890. Reutlinger is best know for his photographs of popular actresses and opera singers, including the stars of entertainment venues such as the Moulin Rouge and the Folies Bergère, as well as photographs for fashion and advertising and his pioneering work in erotic photography. He passed away on March 16, 1937 at the age of 73.","Additional biographical information for single image specific individuals can be found in the folder level Scope and Content.","Processing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in June 2026. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in July 2026.","The Special Collections Research Center holds other portrait etchings and illustrations, including Four hand-colored plates of \"The Tours of Dr. Syntax\" by Thomas Rowlandson and 18th and 19th century hand-colored prints of European figures and theatrical costumes.","The New York Public Library Digital Collections hold a large number of prints by Alexandre Lacauchie.","A collection of prints and photographs depicting European opera singers and actors from the 18th-20th century. A total of eighteen different individuals are depicted in the prints, with three depicting opera singer Jenny Lind. One print depicts a composer who worked in opera. Most prints include identifying information in French regarding the subject, with a few including text in English, and are a mix of formal and costume portraits. The prints represent a variety of mediums including lithographs, etchings, photogravure, and drawings based on photographs.","No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)","A collection of prints and photographs depicting European opera singers and actors from the 18th-20th century.","R 73, C 2, S 5","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Elliott \u0026 Fry","Hautecoeur-Martinet (Firm)","Imprimerie Lemercier et cie","Johnson, Fry \u0026 Co","Riddle \u0026 Couchman","Baugniet, Charles, 1814-1886","Desvachez, D. J. (David Joseph), 1822-1902","Durham, Joseph, 1814-1877","Lacauchie, Alexandre","Reutlinger, Léopold-Émile, 1863-1937","Vogt, Charles, active 1833-1882","Ackermann, Charlotte (Marie Magdalene Charlotte Ackermann), 1714-1757","Arnoldson, Sigrid, 1861-1943","Brambilla, Marietta, 1807-1875","Bréjean-Silver, Georgette, 1870-","Cabel, Marie, 1827-1885","Desclauzas, Marie, 1841-1912","Falcon, Marie-Cornélie, 1814-1897","Jawureck, Mme. (Constance), 1803-1858","Lind, Jenny, 1820-1887","Mengal, Martin-Joseph, 1784-1851","Patti, Adelina, 1843-1919","Ugalde, Delphine, 1829-1910","French\n      English"],"collection_title_tesim":["European opera singer and actor portrait collection"],"collection_ssim":["European opera singer and actor portrait collection"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0555","/repositories/2/resources/780"],"unitid_tesim":["C0555","/repositories/2/resources/780"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Baugniet, Charles, 1814-1886","Desvachez, D. J. (David Joseph), 1822-1902","Durham, Joseph, 1814-1877","Elliott \u0026 Fry","Hautecoeur-Martinet (Firm)","Imprimerie Lemercier et cie","Johnson, Fry \u0026 Co","Lacauchie, Alexandre","Reutlinger, Léopold-Émile, 1863-1937","Riddle \u0026 Couchman","Vogt, Charles, active 1833-1882"],"creator_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Baugniet, Charles, 1814-1886","Desvachez, D. J. (David Joseph), 1822-1902","Durham, Joseph, 1814-1877","Elliott \u0026 Fry","Hautecoeur-Martinet (Firm)","Imprimerie Lemercier et cie","Johnson, Fry \u0026 Co","Lacauchie, Alexandre","Reutlinger, Léopold-Émile, 1863-1937","Riddle \u0026 Couchman","Vogt, Charles, active 1833-1882"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Baugniet, Charles, 1814-1886","Desvachez, D. J. (David Joseph), 1822-1902","Durham, Joseph, 1814-1877","Lacauchie, Alexandre","Reutlinger, Léopold-Émile, 1863-1937","Vogt, Charles, active 1833-1882","Ackermann, Charlotte (Marie Magdalene Charlotte Ackermann), 1714-1757","Arnoldson, Sigrid, 1861-1943","Brambilla, Marietta, 1807-1875","Bréjean-Silver, Georgette, 1870-","Cabel, Marie, 1827-1885","Desclauzas, Marie, 1841-1912","Falcon, Marie-Cornélie, 1814-1897","Jawureck, Mme. (Constance), 1803-1858","Lind, Jenny, 1820-1887","Mengal, Martin-Joseph, 1784-1851","Patti, Adelina, 1843-1919","Ugalde, Delphine, 1829-1910"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Elliott \u0026 Fry","Hautecoeur-Martinet (Firm)","Imprimerie Lemercier et cie","Johnson, Fry \u0026 Co","Riddle \u0026 Couchman"],"creators_ssim":["Baugniet, Charles, 1814-1886","Desvachez, D. J. (David Joseph), 1822-1902","Durham, Joseph, 1814-1877","Lacauchie, Alexandre","Reutlinger, Léopold-Émile, 1863-1937","Vogt, Charles, active 1833-1882","Ackermann, Charlotte (Marie Magdalene Charlotte Ackermann), 1714-1757","Arnoldson, Sigrid, 1861-1943","Brambilla, Marietta, 1807-1875","Bréjean-Silver, Georgette, 1870-","Cabel, Marie, 1827-1885","Desclauzas, Marie, 1841-1912","Falcon, Marie-Cornélie, 1814-1897","Jawureck, Mme. (Constance), 1803-1858","Lind, Jenny, 1820-1887","Mengal, Martin-Joseph, 1784-1851","Patti, Adelina, 1843-1919","Ugalde, Delphine, 1829-1910","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Elliott \u0026 Fry","Hautecoeur-Martinet (Firm)","Imprimerie Lemercier et cie","Johnson, Fry \u0026 Co","Riddle \u0026 Couchman"],"access_terms_ssm":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased from Schubertiade Music by Lynn Eaton in March 2025."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Opera","Engraving","Lithography","Performing arts","Operetta","Theater","Theater -- Europe","Photogravures","Photographic prints","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Opera","Engraving","Lithography","Performing arts","Operetta","Theater","Theater -- Europe","Photogravures","Photographic prints","Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".25 Linear Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":[".25 Linear Feet 1 box"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographic prints","Photographs"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eItems are arranged alphabetically by subject last name.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Items are arranged alphabetically by subject last name."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA Modern Reveal: Songs and Stories of Women Composers. n.d. \"Delphine Ugalde.\" Accessed July 17, 2026. https://www.amodernreveal.com/delphine-ugalde.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBienvenu, Germain. n.d. \"Research Guides: Louisiana Music History: Materials in Special Collections: Adelina Patti.\" Louisiana State University Libraries. Accessed July 17, 2026. https://guides.lib.lsu.edu/LouisianaMusic/patti.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBritish Museum. n.d. \"Alexandre Lacauchie.\" Accessed July 17, 2026. https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG34480.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle\u003eCornélie Falcon, French Soprano\u003c/title\u003e. 1814. January 28. https://www.helvetialyrica.com/en/portfolio_page/falcon-soprano/.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFuller, Nicholas. 2022. \"213. La Sirène (Auber).\" \u003ctitle\u003eThe Opera Scribe\u003c/title\u003e, April 29. https://operascribe.com/2022/04/29/213-la-sirene-auber/.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGänzl, Kurt. 2014. \"You Dont Have to Be a Skinny to Be a Superstar: Marie Desclauzas.\" Offenbach \u0026amp; Co. Operetta Research Center, August 25. http://operetta-research-center.org/dont-skinny-soprano-superstar-marie-desclauzas/.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLes Archives Du Spectacle. 1835. \"Les Deux Reines.\" August 6. https://lesarchivesduspectacle.net/s/118775-Les-Deux-Reines.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMary Evans Picture Library. n.d. \"Images of Dozainville, Baptiste-Pierre Dardel, French Actor, 1758-1809.\" Accessed July 17, 2026. https://www.maryevans.com/contributors/flo/dozainville-baptiste-pierre-dardel-45804499.html.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Meet Jenny Lind, One of America's First Female Celebrities.\" 2016. January 26. https://americanhistory.si.edu/explore/stories/jenny-lind.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRoyal Collection Trust. n.d. \"David Joseph Desvachez (1822-1902) - THE ROYAL SISTERS.\" Accessed July 17, 2026. https://www.rct.uk/collection/606074/the-royal-sisters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"SPL Rare Books.\" n.d. Accessed July 13, 2026. https://www.splrarebooks.com/collection/view/petite-galerie-dramatique-ou-recueil-de-differents-costumes-dacteurs-.3.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSvenskt Kvinnobiografiskt Lexikon. n.d. \"Sigrid Taube Marie Arnoldson.\" Accessed July 13, 2026. http://skbl.se/en/article/SigridArnoldson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle\u003eWikipedia\u003c/title\u003e. 2024. \"Delphine Ugalde.\" November 6. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Delphine_Ugalde\u0026amp;oldid=1255705244.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle\u003eWikipedia\u003c/title\u003e. 2025. \"Constance Jawureck.\" March 10. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Constance_Jawureck\u0026amp;oldid=1279778029.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle\u003eWikipedia\u003c/title\u003e. 2025. \"Georgette Bréjean-Silver.\" September 5. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Georgette_Br%C3%A9jean-Silver\u0026amp;oldid=1309625020.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle\u003eWikipedia\u003c/title\u003e. 2025. \"Marie Magdalene Charlotte Ackermann.\" December 8. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marie_Magdalene_Charlotte_Ackermann\u0026amp;oldid=1326343810.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle\u003eWikipedia\u003c/title\u003e. 2025. \"Martin-Joseph Mengal.\" August 11. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Martin-Joseph_Mengal\u0026amp;oldid=1305418452.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle\u003eWikipedia\u003c/title\u003e. 2026. \"Adelina Patti.\" July 6. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adelina_Patti\u0026amp;oldid=1362846767.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle\u003eWikipedia\u003c/title\u003e. 2026. \"Ernesto Rossi (actor).\" June 14. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ernesto_Rossi_(actor)\u0026amp;oldid=1359283321.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle\u003eWikipedia\u003c/title\u003e. 2026. \"Jenny Lind.\" July 1. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jenny_Lind\u0026amp;oldid=1362039643.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle\u003eWikipedia\u003c/title\u003e. 2026. \"Léopold-Émile Reutlinger.\" July 2. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9opold-%C3%89mile_Reutlinger\u0026amp;oldid=1362184806.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle\u003eWikipedia\u003c/title\u003e. 2026. \"Marie Cabel.\" May 25. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marie_Cabel\u0026amp;oldid=1356029357.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle\u003eWikipedia\u003c/title\u003e. 2026. \"Marietta Brambilla.\" May 19. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marietta_Brambilla\u0026amp;oldid=1354992490.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["A Modern Reveal: Songs and Stories of Women Composers. n.d. \"Delphine Ugalde.\" Accessed July 17, 2026. https://www.amodernreveal.com/delphine-ugalde.","Bienvenu, Germain. n.d. \"Research Guides: Louisiana Music History: Materials in Special Collections: Adelina Patti.\" Louisiana State University Libraries. Accessed July 17, 2026. https://guides.lib.lsu.edu/LouisianaMusic/patti.","British Museum. n.d. \"Alexandre Lacauchie.\" Accessed July 17, 2026. https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG34480.","Cornélie Falcon, French Soprano. 1814. January 28. https://www.helvetialyrica.com/en/portfolio_page/falcon-soprano/.","Fuller, Nicholas. 2022. \"213. La Sirène (Auber).\" The Opera Scribe, April 29. https://operascribe.com/2022/04/29/213-la-sirene-auber/.","Gänzl, Kurt. 2014. \"You Dont Have to Be a Skinny to Be a Superstar: Marie Desclauzas.\" Offenbach \u0026 Co. Operetta Research Center, August 25. http://operetta-research-center.org/dont-skinny-soprano-superstar-marie-desclauzas/.","Les Archives Du Spectacle. 1835. \"Les Deux Reines.\" August 6. https://lesarchivesduspectacle.net/s/118775-Les-Deux-Reines.","Mary Evans Picture Library. n.d. \"Images of Dozainville, Baptiste-Pierre Dardel, French Actor, 1758-1809.\" Accessed July 17, 2026. https://www.maryevans.com/contributors/flo/dozainville-baptiste-pierre-dardel-45804499.html.","\"Meet Jenny Lind, One of America's First Female Celebrities.\" 2016. January 26. https://americanhistory.si.edu/explore/stories/jenny-lind.","Royal Collection Trust. n.d. \"David Joseph Desvachez (1822-1902) - THE ROYAL SISTERS.\" Accessed July 17, 2026. https://www.rct.uk/collection/606074/the-royal-sisters.","\"SPL Rare Books.\" n.d. Accessed July 13, 2026. https://www.splrarebooks.com/collection/view/petite-galerie-dramatique-ou-recueil-de-differents-costumes-dacteurs-.3.","Svenskt Kvinnobiografiskt Lexikon. n.d. \"Sigrid Taube Marie Arnoldson.\" Accessed July 13, 2026. http://skbl.se/en/article/SigridArnoldson.","Wikipedia. 2024. \"Delphine Ugalde.\" November 6. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Delphine_Ugalde\u0026oldid=1255705244.","Wikipedia. 2025. \"Constance Jawureck.\" March 10. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Constance_Jawureck\u0026oldid=1279778029.","Wikipedia. 2025. \"Georgette Bréjean-Silver.\" September 5. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Georgette_Br%C3%A9jean-Silver\u0026oldid=1309625020.","Wikipedia. 2025. \"Marie Magdalene Charlotte Ackermann.\" December 8. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marie_Magdalene_Charlotte_Ackermann\u0026oldid=1326343810.","Wikipedia. 2025. \"Martin-Joseph Mengal.\" August 11. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Martin-Joseph_Mengal\u0026oldid=1305418452.","Wikipedia. 2026. \"Adelina Patti.\" July 6. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adelina_Patti\u0026oldid=1362846767.","Wikipedia. 2026. \"Ernesto Rossi (actor).\" June 14. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ernesto_Rossi_(actor)\u0026oldid=1359283321.","Wikipedia. 2026. \"Jenny Lind.\" July 1. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jenny_Lind\u0026oldid=1362039643.","Wikipedia. 2026. \"Léopold-Émile Reutlinger.\" July 2. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9opold-%C3%89mile_Reutlinger\u0026oldid=1362184806.","Wikipedia. 2026. \"Marie Cabel.\" May 25. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marie_Cabel\u0026oldid=1356029357.","Wikipedia. 2026. \"Marietta Brambilla.\" May 19. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marietta_Brambilla\u0026oldid=1354992490."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohanna Maria Lind, known professionally as Jenny Lind, was born on October 6, 1820 in Stockholm, Sweden. Nicknamed the \"Swedish Nightingale,\" Lind gained fame as an operatic soprano throughout Europe starting at the age of 11. By the age of 28, Lind announced her retirement from the operatic stage, playing her last performance, which was attended by Queen Victoria and members of the British Royal Family, on May 10, 1849 in London, England. In September 1850, Lind sailed to America after showman P.T. Barnum offered her an 18-month contract to perform 150 concerts throughout the United States at the rate of $1,000 per performance. Barnum's advanced publicity led to Lind achieving national celebrity status even before she arrived in America, with the press at the time referring to the enthusiastic reception and high demand for tickets as \"Lind mania.\" Lind donated her earnings to charity, including an endowment of free schools in Sweden. After marrying Otto Goldschmidt in 1852 she returned to Europe where she remained until her death on November 2, 1887 at the age of 67.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLéopold-Émile Reutlinger was born March 17, 1863 in Callao, Peru to a German-Jewish family of photographers. In 1883 he joined the family's photography studio in Paris, France before taking over in 1890. Reutlinger is best know for his photographs of popular actresses and opera singers, including the stars of entertainment venues such as the Moulin Rouge and the Folies Bergère, as well as photographs for fashion and advertising and his pioneering work in erotic photography. He passed away on March 16, 1937 at the age of 73.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional biographical information for single image specific individuals can be found in the folder level Scope and Content.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Johanna Maria Lind, known professionally as Jenny Lind, was born on October 6, 1820 in Stockholm, Sweden. Nicknamed the \"Swedish Nightingale,\" Lind gained fame as an operatic soprano throughout Europe starting at the age of 11. By the age of 28, Lind announced her retirement from the operatic stage, playing her last performance, which was attended by Queen Victoria and members of the British Royal Family, on May 10, 1849 in London, England. In September 1850, Lind sailed to America after showman P.T. Barnum offered her an 18-month contract to perform 150 concerts throughout the United States at the rate of $1,000 per performance. Barnum's advanced publicity led to Lind achieving national celebrity status even before she arrived in America, with the press at the time referring to the enthusiastic reception and high demand for tickets as \"Lind mania.\" Lind donated her earnings to charity, including an endowment of free schools in Sweden. After marrying Otto Goldschmidt in 1852 she returned to Europe where she remained until her death on November 2, 1887 at the age of 67.","Léopold-Émile Reutlinger was born March 17, 1863 in Callao, Peru to a German-Jewish family of photographers. In 1883 he joined the family's photography studio in Paris, France before taking over in 1890. Reutlinger is best know for his photographs of popular actresses and opera singers, including the stars of entertainment venues such as the Moulin Rouge and the Folies Bergère, as well as photographs for fashion and advertising and his pioneering work in erotic photography. He passed away on March 16, 1937 at the age of 73.","Additional biographical information for single image specific individuals can be found in the folder level Scope and Content."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEuropean opera singer and actor portrait collection, C0555, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["European opera singer and actor portrait collection, C0555, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in June 2026. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in July 2026.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in June 2026. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in July 2026."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center holds other portrait etchings and illustrations, including \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0552\"\u003eFour hand-colored plates of \"The Tours of Dr. Syntax\" by Thomas Rowlandson\u003c/a\u003e and \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0554\"\u003e18th and 19th century hand-colored prints of European figures and theatrical costumes\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/search/index?filters=%5Bname%3DLacauchie%2C+Alexandre%5D\"\u003eNew York Public Library Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e hold a large number of prints by Alexandre Lacauchie.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center holds other portrait etchings and illustrations, including Four hand-colored plates of \"The Tours of Dr. Syntax\" by Thomas Rowlandson and 18th and 19th century hand-colored prints of European figures and theatrical costumes.","The New York Public Library Digital Collections hold a large number of prints by Alexandre Lacauchie."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA collection of prints and photographs depicting European opera singers and actors from the 18th-20th century. A total of eighteen different individuals are depicted in the prints, with three depicting opera singer Jenny Lind. One print depicts a composer who worked in opera. Most prints include identifying information in French regarding the subject, with a few including text in English, and are a mix of formal and costume portraits. The prints represent a variety of mediums including lithographs, etchings, photogravure, and drawings based on photographs.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["A collection of prints and photographs depicting European opera singers and actors from the 18th-20th century. A total of eighteen different individuals are depicted in the prints, with three depicting opera singer Jenny Lind. One print depicts a composer who worked in opera. Most prints include identifying information in French regarding the subject, with a few including text in English, and are a mix of formal and costume portraits. The prints represent a variety of mediums including lithographs, etchings, photogravure, and drawings based on photographs."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_a3f26d8f526cece4b95cd6c4d57fb742\"\u003eA collection of prints and photographs depicting European opera singers and actors from the 18th-20th century.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["A collection of prints and photographs depicting European opera singers and actors from the 18th-20th century."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_82c0971d2349afc8fda9521f2397cdbf\"\u003eR 73, C 2, S 5\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R 73, C 2, S 5"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Elliott \u0026 Fry","Hautecoeur-Martinet (Firm)","Imprimerie Lemercier et cie","Johnson, Fry \u0026 Co","Riddle \u0026 Couchman"],"names_coll_ssim":["Elliott \u0026 Fry","Hautecoeur-Martinet (Firm)","Imprimerie Lemercier et cie","Johnson, Fry \u0026 Co","Riddle \u0026 Couchman","Ackermann, Charlotte (Marie Magdalene Charlotte Ackermann), 1714-1757","Arnoldson, Sigrid, 1861-1943","Brambilla, Marietta, 1807-1875","Bréjean-Silver, Georgette, 1870-","Cabel, Marie, 1827-1885","Desclauzas, Marie, 1841-1912","Falcon, Marie-Cornélie, 1814-1897","Jawureck, Mme. (Constance), 1803-1858","Lind, Jenny, 1820-1887","Mengal, Martin-Joseph, 1784-1851","Patti, Adelina, 1843-1919","Ugalde, Delphine, 1829-1910","Baugniet, Charles, 1814-1886","Desvachez, D. J. (David Joseph), 1822-1902","Durham, Joseph, 1814-1877","Lacauchie, Alexandre","Reutlinger, Léopold-Émile, 1863-1937","Vogt, Charles, active 1833-1882"],"persname_ssim":["Baugniet, Charles, 1814-1886","Desvachez, D. J. (David Joseph), 1822-1902","Durham, Joseph, 1814-1877","Lacauchie, Alexandre","Reutlinger, Léopold-Émile, 1863-1937","Vogt, Charles, active 1833-1882","Ackermann, Charlotte (Marie Magdalene Charlotte Ackermann), 1714-1757","Arnoldson, Sigrid, 1861-1943","Brambilla, Marietta, 1807-1875","Bréjean-Silver, Georgette, 1870-","Cabel, Marie, 1827-1885","Desclauzas, Marie, 1841-1912","Falcon, Marie-Cornélie, 1814-1897","Jawureck, Mme. (Constance), 1803-1858","Lind, Jenny, 1820-1887","Mengal, Martin-Joseph, 1784-1851","Patti, Adelina, 1843-1919","Ugalde, Delphine, 1829-1910"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Elliott \u0026 Fry","Hautecoeur-Martinet (Firm)","Imprimerie Lemercier et cie","Johnson, Fry \u0026 Co","Riddle \u0026 Couchman","Baugniet, Charles, 1814-1886","Desvachez, D. J. (David Joseph), 1822-1902","Durham, Joseph, 1814-1877","Lacauchie, Alexandre","Reutlinger, Léopold-Émile, 1863-1937","Vogt, Charles, active 1833-1882","Ackermann, Charlotte (Marie Magdalene Charlotte Ackermann), 1714-1757","Arnoldson, Sigrid, 1861-1943","Brambilla, Marietta, 1807-1875","Bréjean-Silver, Georgette, 1870-","Cabel, Marie, 1827-1885","Desclauzas, Marie, 1841-1912","Falcon, Marie-Cornélie, 1814-1897","Jawureck, Mme. (Constance), 1803-1858","Lind, Jenny, 1820-1887","Mengal, Martin-Joseph, 1784-1851","Patti, Adelina, 1843-1919","Ugalde, Delphine, 1829-1910"],"language_ssim":["French\n      English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":19,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-09-17T13:57:31.047Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_780_c11"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_767","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Lithograph of The Germania Musical Society, 1848/1850","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_767#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Sarony \u0026 Major","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_767#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Single-sided lithograph depicting the twenty-two members of The Germania Musical Society circa 1848-1850.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_767#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_767","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_767","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_767","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_767","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_767.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Lithograph of The Germania Musical Society","title_ssm":["Lithograph of The Germania Musical Society"],"title_tesim":["Lithograph of The Germania Musical Society"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1848-1850"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1848-1850"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1848/1850"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Lithograph of The Germania Musical Society, 1848/1850"],"text":["Lithograph of The Germania Musical Society, 1848/1850","C0542","/repositories/2/resources/767","Lithography","Art","Music","Performing arts","There are no access restrictions.","This is a single item collection.","Eiseman, Lee. 2024. \"Dance Music of the Germania Musical Society.\" News \u0026 Features. The Boston Musical Intelligencer, February 8. https://www.classical-scene.com/2024/02/08/dance-germania/.","Historic Music of Newport. n.d. \"The Germania Musical Society in Newport.\" Accessed December 17, 2025. https://www.historicmusicofnewport.org/blog/germania-musical-society.","Huntington Digital Library. n.d. \"The Germania Musical Society. - Jay T. Last Collection of Graphic Arts and Social History.\" Accessed December 17, 2025. https://hdl.huntington.org/digital/collection/p16003coll4/id/2648.","\"Sarony, Major \u0026 Knapp.\" n.d. American Historical Print Collectors Society (AHPCS). Accessed December 17, 2025. https://ahpcs.org/publisher/sarony-major-knapp/.","Formally founded in 1848, the group that became the Germania Musical Society originated with members of Joseph Gungl's orchestra in Berlin, Germany in late 1847. The group's first concert took place on May 4, 1848 at the Milentzschen Saale in Berlin and was attended by both the United States Minister to Berlin and the English Ambassador. After a brief tour in London, England, the group set sail for the United States on August 2, 1848. After arriving in New York City on September 28, the group gave their first United States performance on October 5 at Niblo's Garden (also known as Niblo's Opera House) and were soon in-demand for both public and private events in and around New York City and among the wealthy summer residents of Newport, Rhode Island. The Germania Musical Society eventually settled in Boston, Massachusetts before formally disbanding in the mid-1850s, although some members would continue to use the name for smaller orchestra groups.","Processing and finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in December 2025.","The Special Collections Research Center holds other pieces of lithography, such as the \"La Navarraise\" opera scene and costume lithographs, and other music and performing arts collections.","Single-sided lithograph depicting the twenty-two members of The Germania Musical Society circa 1848-1850. The title is written in large font at the bottom of the illustration, with publisher attribution \"Lith. Of Sarony \u0026 Major, New York\" appearing above the title in smaller font. Underneath the illustration of each individual member is a number, possibly indicating their chair or position, which then corresponds to a more detailed listing below this containing their first initial, last name, and instrument, with the exception of No. 18 which includes just the individual's name. Twenty-one of the individuals are depicted holding their musical instrument, with the individual in the center, labeled No. 1 and identified as the \"Leader,\" depicted holding a scroll of paper and possibly a baton.","Dating for the lithograph is based on the use of Sarony \u0026 Major as a credit line between 1845-1857, the society's formation in 1848, and Charles Lenschow's resignation as Leader in 1850.","No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)","Single-sided lithograph depicting the twenty-two members of The Germania Musical Society circa 1848-1850.","Map Case 27.2","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Sarony \u0026 Major","Germania Musical Society","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Lithograph of The Germania Musical Society, 1848/1850"],"collection_ssim":["Lithograph of The Germania Musical Society, 1848/1850"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0542","/repositories/2/resources/767"],"unitid_tesim":["C0542","/repositories/2/resources/767"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["Sarony \u0026 Major"],"creator_ssim":["Sarony \u0026 Major"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Sarony \u0026 Major","Germania Musical Society"],"creators_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Sarony \u0026 Major","Germania Musical Society"],"access_terms_ssm":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. 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Last Collection of Graphic Arts and Social History.\" Accessed December 17, 2025. https://hdl.huntington.org/digital/collection/p16003coll4/id/2648.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Sarony, Major \u0026amp; Knapp.\" n.d. \u003ctitle\u003eAmerican Historical Print Collectors Society (AHPCS)\u003c/title\u003e. Accessed December 17, 2025. https://ahpcs.org/publisher/sarony-major-knapp/.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Eiseman, Lee. 2024. \"Dance Music of the Germania Musical Society.\" News \u0026 Features. The Boston Musical Intelligencer, February 8. https://www.classical-scene.com/2024/02/08/dance-germania/.","Historic Music of Newport. n.d. \"The Germania Musical Society in Newport.\" Accessed December 17, 2025. https://www.historicmusicofnewport.org/blog/germania-musical-society.","Huntington Digital Library. n.d. \"The Germania Musical Society. - Jay T. Last Collection of Graphic Arts and Social History.\" Accessed December 17, 2025. https://hdl.huntington.org/digital/collection/p16003coll4/id/2648.","\"Sarony, Major \u0026 Knapp.\" n.d. American Historical Print Collectors Society (AHPCS). Accessed December 17, 2025. https://ahpcs.org/publisher/sarony-major-knapp/."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFormally founded in 1848, the group that became the Germania Musical Society originated with members of Joseph Gungl's orchestra in Berlin, Germany in late 1847. The group's first concert took place on May 4, 1848 at the Milentzschen Saale in Berlin and was attended by both the United States Minister to Berlin and the English Ambassador. After a brief tour in London, England, the group set sail for the United States on August 2, 1848. After arriving in New York City on September 28, the group gave their first United States performance on October 5 at Niblo's Garden (also known as Niblo's Opera House) and were soon in-demand for both public and private events in and around New York City and among the wealthy summer residents of Newport, Rhode Island. The Germania Musical Society eventually settled in Boston, Massachusetts before formally disbanding in the mid-1850s, although some members would continue to use the name for smaller orchestra groups.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Formally founded in 1848, the group that became the Germania Musical Society originated with members of Joseph Gungl's orchestra in Berlin, Germany in late 1847. The group's first concert took place on May 4, 1848 at the Milentzschen Saale in Berlin and was attended by both the United States Minister to Berlin and the English Ambassador. After a brief tour in London, England, the group set sail for the United States on August 2, 1848. After arriving in New York City on September 28, the group gave their first United States performance on October 5 at Niblo's Garden (also known as Niblo's Opera House) and were soon in-demand for both public and private events in and around New York City and among the wealthy summer residents of Newport, Rhode Island. 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The title is written in large font at the bottom of the illustration, with publisher attribution \"Lith. Of Sarony \u0026amp; Major, New York\" appearing above the title in smaller font. Underneath the illustration of each individual member is a number, possibly indicating their chair or position, which then corresponds to a more detailed listing below this containing their first initial, last name, and instrument, with the exception of No. 18 which includes just the individual's name. 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Underneath the illustration of each individual member is a number, possibly indicating their chair or position, which then corresponds to a more detailed listing below this containing their first initial, last name, and instrument, with the exception of No. 18 which includes just the individual's name. Twenty-one of the individuals are depicted holding their musical instrument, with the individual in the center, labeled No. 1 and identified as the \"Leader,\" depicted holding a scroll of paper and possibly a baton.","Dating for the lithograph is based on the use of Sarony \u0026 Major as a credit line between 1845-1857, the society's formation in 1848, and Charles Lenschow's resignation as Leader in 1850."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_10ba377702ac8ca2304e3e47bbe40dab\"\u003eSingle-sided lithograph depicting the twenty-two members of The Germania Musical Society circa 1848-1850.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Single-sided lithograph depicting the twenty-two members of The Germania Musical Society circa 1848-1850."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_6798acfe271fecf468b10c0fba3251ec\"\u003eMap Case 27.2\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Map Case 27.2"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. 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The group's first concert took place on May 4, 1848 at the Milentzschen Saale in Berlin and was attended by both the United States Minister to Berlin and the English Ambassador. After a brief tour in London, England, the group set sail for the United States on August 2, 1848. After arriving in New York City on September 28, the group gave their first United States performance on October 5 at Niblo's Garden (also known as Niblo's Opera House) and were soon in-demand for both public and private events in and around New York City and among the wealthy summer residents of Newport, Rhode Island. The Germania Musical Society eventually settled in Boston, Massachusetts before formally disbanding in the mid-1850s, although some members would continue to use the name for smaller orchestra groups.","Processing and finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in December 2025.","The Special Collections Research Center holds other pieces of lithography, such as the \"La Navarraise\" opera scene and costume lithographs, and other music and performing arts collections.","Single-sided lithograph depicting the twenty-two members of The Germania Musical Society circa 1848-1850. The title is written in large font at the bottom of the illustration, with publisher attribution \"Lith. Of Sarony \u0026 Major, New York\" appearing above the title in smaller font. Underneath the illustration of each individual member is a number, possibly indicating their chair or position, which then corresponds to a more detailed listing below this containing their first initial, last name, and instrument, with the exception of No. 18 which includes just the individual's name. Twenty-one of the individuals are depicted holding their musical instrument, with the individual in the center, labeled No. 1 and identified as the \"Leader,\" depicted holding a scroll of paper and possibly a baton.","Dating for the lithograph is based on the use of Sarony \u0026 Major as a credit line between 1845-1857, the society's formation in 1848, and Charles Lenschow's resignation as Leader in 1850.","No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)","Single-sided lithograph depicting the twenty-two members of The Germania Musical Society circa 1848-1850.","Map Case 27.2","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Sarony \u0026 Major","Germania Musical Society","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Lithograph of The Germania Musical Society, 1848/1850"],"collection_ssim":["Lithograph of The Germania Musical Society, 1848/1850"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0542","/repositories/2/resources/767"],"unitid_tesim":["C0542","/repositories/2/resources/767"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["Sarony \u0026 Major"],"creator_ssim":["Sarony \u0026 Major"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. 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Last Collection of Graphic Arts and Social History.\" Accessed December 17, 2025. https://hdl.huntington.org/digital/collection/p16003coll4/id/2648.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Sarony, Major \u0026amp; Knapp.\" n.d. \u003ctitle\u003eAmerican Historical Print Collectors Society (AHPCS)\u003c/title\u003e. Accessed December 17, 2025. https://ahpcs.org/publisher/sarony-major-knapp/.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Eiseman, Lee. 2024. \"Dance Music of the Germania Musical Society.\" News \u0026 Features. The Boston Musical Intelligencer, February 8. https://www.classical-scene.com/2024/02/08/dance-germania/.","Historic Music of Newport. n.d. \"The Germania Musical Society in Newport.\" Accessed December 17, 2025. https://www.historicmusicofnewport.org/blog/germania-musical-society.","Huntington Digital Library. n.d. \"The Germania Musical Society. - Jay T. Last Collection of Graphic Arts and Social History.\" Accessed December 17, 2025. https://hdl.huntington.org/digital/collection/p16003coll4/id/2648.","\"Sarony, Major \u0026 Knapp.\" n.d. American Historical Print Collectors Society (AHPCS). Accessed December 17, 2025. https://ahpcs.org/publisher/sarony-major-knapp/."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFormally founded in 1848, the group that became the Germania Musical Society originated with members of Joseph Gungl's orchestra in Berlin, Germany in late 1847. The group's first concert took place on May 4, 1848 at the Milentzschen Saale in Berlin and was attended by both the United States Minister to Berlin and the English Ambassador. After a brief tour in London, England, the group set sail for the United States on August 2, 1848. 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After a brief tour in London, England, the group set sail for the United States on August 2, 1848. After arriving in New York City on September 28, the group gave their first United States performance on October 5 at Niblo's Garden (also known as Niblo's Opera House) and were soon in-demand for both public and private events in and around New York City and among the wealthy summer residents of Newport, Rhode Island. 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