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Cotter Rare Books","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1570#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a single leather-bound illustrated manuscript for Deaf persons to confess their sins. They could identify their sins by the illustrations and ask to be absolved. Called a Confessory, it was made in Flanders or the Netherlands roughly between 1770 and 1790.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1570#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1570","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1570","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1570","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1570","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1570.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/191436","title_filing_ssi":"Illustrated Manuscript of Confessions for the Deaf","title_ssm":["Illustrated Manuscript Confessory for  Deaf People"],"title_tesim":["Illustrated Manuscript Confessory for  Deaf People"],"unitdate_ssm":["c.1770-1790"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["c.1770-1790"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1770/1790"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Illustrated Manuscript Confessory for  Deaf People, 1770/1790"],"text":["Illustrated Manuscript Confessory for  Deaf People, 1770/1790","MSS 16803","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1570","Religious education","Church work with the deaf --  Catholic Church","Deaf culture","Fair. The vellum cover has contracted over time and is rigid and difficult to close.","The collection is open for research use.","Throughout the days of the early church and into the Middle Ages, the Deaf and hearing impaired were thought doomed to Hell, since it was believed they could not receive the uttered Word of God and related sacraments, including confession, confirmation, and the Eucharist.","Around 1520, Martin Luther, although he showed controversial views on this subject, argued that the Deaf were also God's children. He said, \"the physical defect of hearing was no barrier to the Word of God; nor was infancy any barrier. All were spiritually 'deaf' until God's Spirit spoke to them; but \"to the Word of God nothing is deaf\" if only the inward 'ears' are willing to hear.\" In 1571 an edict was issued, at the Council of Besancon, that allowed Deaf people access to the essential sacraments.","Even then, deeply rooted local beliefs backed by regional coutumiers still held sway, and sacramental equality for the Deaf was still elusive. Deaf people have faced discrimination and marginalization throughout much of human history. For many years, people viewed them as intellectually and socially inferior to their hearing counterparts, and subjected them to cruel and inhumane treatment.","St Paul's maxim that 'faith comes by hearing' was a constant refrain of preachers, particularly those who saw sermons as 'the ordinary means of salvation' and who worried about people who would not properly listen to sermons, whether through wilfulness, ignorance or 'dullness' of spirit. There was a popular belief in early modern Europe that Paul's maxim effectively damned deaf people. As one contemporary put it: 'If faith comes by hearing … there can be no saving knowledge' for deaf people, and 'the consequence is undeniable, since no man can be saved without faith'.","As a result, deafness and hearing loss were often presented as the most crippling of physical impairments. Preaching in Elizabethan England, Henry Smith argued that while blindness or muteness was a divine punishment, deafness came from the devil. These assumptions have fed into histories of deafness, with one historian arguing that Paul's maxim was 'disastrous' for deaf people in pre-modern Europe.","The seventeenth-century Dutch writer Anton Deusing attacked Paul's assertion that 'faith comes by hearing', writing that 'this is indeed a very hard saying that dismays the soul … [since] those that are born deaf are no more guilty of neglecting their salvation than infants'.","Deusing's views were shared by many, prompting clergy from different confessions across Europe to explore how to accommodate prelingually deaf people in collective worship. The question of how deaf people could be saved was, however, a particularly urgent problem in Reformed Churches, which put sermons at the heart of worship, including the Church of England. As a result, English preachers in the pulpit used standardized rhetorical gestures of the hands, body and sometimes face, to make their sermons more accessible and more effective. Not only did this help people with hearing loss to follow the sermon; it also promoted manual sign language as an articulate form of communication.","In the 1670's the Franciscan divine Christopher Leutbrewer designed a confessory book of 700 printed sins allowing a Deaf person to communicate their sin to a confessor.","Charles-Michel de L'Epee, and Henri Daniel Guyot (founders of the earliest schools for Deaf children) advocated for the hearing impaired and inspired a new type of biblio-confessory which comprised of narrative illustrations of sins. These were always manuscripts and no printed exemplars have survived.","Today, Deaf culture is a vibrant and diverse community that spans the globe. Deaf people have their own unique language, customs, and traditions, and are proud of their identity and heritage. From Deaf artists and musicians to Deaf athletes and entrepreneurs, Deaf individuals continue to make important contributions to society and to shape the world around them.","Despite these gains, however, there is still much work to be done to fully recognize and honor the contributions of the Deaf community. Deaf History Month, which is celebrated every March, provides an important opportunity to raise awareness and educate the public about the history, culture, and achievements of the Deaf community.","Sources:\nIndependent Living Institute website.Promoting the self-determination of people with disabilities  Accessed 7/24/23\nhttps://www.independentliving.org/docs7/miles2005b.html","Oates, Rosamund. \"Speaking in Hands: Early Modern Preaching and Signed Languages for the Deaf.\" Past and Present. Oxford Academic.Volume 256, Issue 1, August 2022, Pages 49–85 Accessed 7/24/23\nhttps://academic.oup.com/past/article/256/1/49/6414569","Community Services for the Deaf website. Accessed 7/24/23\nhttps://www.csd.org/stories/rich-heritage-of-deaf-people/","This collection is related ViU-2023-0078 Emblemi sulla Dottrina Cristiana ad uso de' Sordo-Muti [Emblems on Christian Doctrine for use by Deaf-Mutes]","This collection contains a single leather-bound illustrated manuscript for Deaf persons to confess their sins. They could identify their sins by the illustrations and ask to be absolved. Called a Confessory, it was made in Flanders or the Netherlands roughly between 1770 and 1790.","No title or author is present on the binding or internal board pages. The book is composed of ninety-two leaves, with ten leaves left blank. It appears to be a model book, with two sets of drawings made by different hands.","The first set contains thirty-six drawings featuring simple scenes, with a young man as the subject, completed in pen and ink, with pale washes of black and grey. Latin captions are underneath each image.","The second series has forty-six drawings, with a woman as the subject, in iron-gall ink and colored with gouache and watercolor. Most of the images have captions in Dutch.","These manuscript books were for the Deaf community. Sins represented in this book include gambling, drinking, \"muttering\" to one's parents, being distracted in church, petty theft, fighting, being late to service, missing confession, inappropriate libido, and wishing one's parents dead. Deaf students would have used this book to make and bind their own copies, most likely at a school for the Deaf in Flanders or the Netherlands.","The survival of manuscripts like this one is a testament to the devotional challenges faced by Deaf persons and the efforts to include them in the Church. It is valuable to have a manuscript that relates to Deaf persons as they have been marginalized thorughout history.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","W.S. Cotter Rare Books","Latin\n      Dutch; Flemish"],"collection_title_tesim":["Illustrated Manuscript Confessory for  Deaf People, 1770/1790"],"collection_ssim":["Illustrated Manuscript Confessory for  Deaf People, 1770/1790"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16803","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1570"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16803","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1570"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["W.S. Cotter Rare Books"],"creator_ssim":["W.S. Cotter Rare Books"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","W.S. Cotter Rare Books"],"creators_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","W.S. Cotter Rare Books"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from W. S. Cotter Rare Books from Daniela Kromp of Munich, who acquired the manuscript from Libraire-Katz-Moorthammers of Paris for the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 6 April 2023."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Religious education","Church work with the deaf --  Catholic Church","Deaf culture"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Religious education","Church work with the deaf --  Catholic Church","Deaf culture"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"digital_objects_ssm":["{\"label\": \"Illustrated Manuscript of Confessions for the Deaf, c.1770-1790\", \"href\": \"https://iiifman.lib.virginia.edu/pid/tsb:107590\"}"],"physdesc_tesim":["Fair. The vellum cover has contracted over time and is rigid and difficult to close."],"extent_ssm":[".03 Cubic Feet 1 folder (letter)"],"extent_tesim":[".03 Cubic Feet 1 folder (letter)"],"date_range_isim":[1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThroughout the days of the early church and into the Middle Ages, the Deaf and hearing impaired were thought doomed to Hell, since it was believed they could not receive the uttered Word of God and related sacraments, including confession, confirmation, and the Eucharist. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAround 1520, Martin Luther, although he showed controversial views on this subject, argued that the Deaf were also God's children. He said, \"the physical defect of hearing was no barrier to the Word of God; nor was infancy any barrier. All were spiritually 'deaf' until God's Spirit spoke to them; but \"to the Word of God nothing is deaf\" if only the inward 'ears' are willing to hear.\" In 1571 an edict was issued, at the Council of Besancon, that allowed Deaf people access to the essential sacraments.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEven then, deeply rooted local beliefs backed by regional coutumiers still held sway, and sacramental equality for the Deaf was still elusive. Deaf people have faced discrimination and marginalization throughout much of human history. For many years, people viewed them as intellectually and socially inferior to their hearing counterparts, and subjected them to cruel and inhumane treatment.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSt Paul's maxim that 'faith comes by hearing' was a constant refrain of preachers, particularly those who saw sermons as 'the ordinary means of salvation' and who worried about people who would not properly listen to sermons, whether through wilfulness, ignorance or 'dullness' of spirit. There was a popular belief in early modern Europe that Paul's maxim effectively damned deaf people. As one contemporary put it: 'If faith comes by hearing … there can be no saving knowledge' for deaf people, and 'the consequence is undeniable, since no man can be saved without faith'. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs a result, deafness and hearing loss were often presented as the most crippling of physical impairments. Preaching in Elizabethan England, Henry Smith argued that while blindness or muteness was a divine punishment, deafness came from the devil. These assumptions have fed into histories of deafness, with one historian arguing that Paul's maxim was 'disastrous' for deaf people in pre-modern Europe. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe seventeenth-century Dutch writer Anton Deusing attacked Paul's assertion that 'faith comes by hearing', writing that 'this is indeed a very hard saying that dismays the soul … [since] those that are born deaf are no more guilty of neglecting their salvation than infants'.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDeusing's views were shared by many, prompting clergy from different confessions across Europe to explore how to accommodate prelingually deaf people in collective worship. The question of how deaf people could be saved was, however, a particularly urgent problem in Reformed Churches, which put sermons at the heart of worship, including the Church of England. As a result, English preachers in the pulpit used standardized rhetorical gestures of the hands, body and sometimes face, to make their sermons more accessible and more effective. Not only did this help people with hearing loss to follow the sermon; it also promoted manual sign language as an articulate form of communication.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the 1670's the Franciscan divine Christopher Leutbrewer designed a confessory book of 700 printed sins allowing a Deaf person to communicate their sin to a confessor.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharles-Michel de L'Epee, and Henri Daniel Guyot (founders of the earliest schools for Deaf children) advocated for the hearing impaired and inspired a new type of biblio-confessory which comprised of narrative illustrations of sins. These were always manuscripts and no printed exemplars have survived.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eToday, Deaf culture is a vibrant and diverse community that spans the globe. Deaf people have their own unique language, customs, and traditions, and are proud of their identity and heritage. From Deaf artists and musicians to Deaf athletes and entrepreneurs, Deaf individuals continue to make important contributions to society and to shape the world around them. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDespite these gains, however, there is still much work to be done to fully recognize and honor the contributions of the Deaf community. Deaf History Month, which is celebrated every March, provides an important opportunity to raise awareness and educate the public about the history, culture, and achievements of the Deaf community.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSources:\nIndependent Living Institute website.Promoting the self-determination of people with disabilities  Accessed 7/24/23\nhttps://www.independentliving.org/docs7/miles2005b.html\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOates, Rosamund. \"Speaking in Hands: Early Modern Preaching and Signed Languages for the Deaf.\" Past and Present. Oxford Academic.Volume 256, Issue 1, August 2022, Pages 49–85 Accessed 7/24/23\nhttps://academic.oup.com/past/article/256/1/49/6414569\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCommunity Services for the Deaf website. Accessed 7/24/23\nhttps://www.csd.org/stories/rich-heritage-of-deaf-people/\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Throughout the days of the early church and into the Middle Ages, the Deaf and hearing impaired were thought doomed to Hell, since it was believed they could not receive the uttered Word of God and related sacraments, including confession, confirmation, and the Eucharist.","Around 1520, Martin Luther, although he showed controversial views on this subject, argued that the Deaf were also God's children. He said, \"the physical defect of hearing was no barrier to the Word of God; nor was infancy any barrier. All were spiritually 'deaf' until God's Spirit spoke to them; but \"to the Word of God nothing is deaf\" if only the inward 'ears' are willing to hear.\" In 1571 an edict was issued, at the Council of Besancon, that allowed Deaf people access to the essential sacraments.","Even then, deeply rooted local beliefs backed by regional coutumiers still held sway, and sacramental equality for the Deaf was still elusive. Deaf people have faced discrimination and marginalization throughout much of human history. For many years, people viewed them as intellectually and socially inferior to their hearing counterparts, and subjected them to cruel and inhumane treatment.","St Paul's maxim that 'faith comes by hearing' was a constant refrain of preachers, particularly those who saw sermons as 'the ordinary means of salvation' and who worried about people who would not properly listen to sermons, whether through wilfulness, ignorance or 'dullness' of spirit. There was a popular belief in early modern Europe that Paul's maxim effectively damned deaf people. As one contemporary put it: 'If faith comes by hearing … there can be no saving knowledge' for deaf people, and 'the consequence is undeniable, since no man can be saved without faith'.","As a result, deafness and hearing loss were often presented as the most crippling of physical impairments. Preaching in Elizabethan England, Henry Smith argued that while blindness or muteness was a divine punishment, deafness came from the devil. These assumptions have fed into histories of deafness, with one historian arguing that Paul's maxim was 'disastrous' for deaf people in pre-modern Europe.","The seventeenth-century Dutch writer Anton Deusing attacked Paul's assertion that 'faith comes by hearing', writing that 'this is indeed a very hard saying that dismays the soul … [since] those that are born deaf are no more guilty of neglecting their salvation than infants'.","Deusing's views were shared by many, prompting clergy from different confessions across Europe to explore how to accommodate prelingually deaf people in collective worship. The question of how deaf people could be saved was, however, a particularly urgent problem in Reformed Churches, which put sermons at the heart of worship, including the Church of England. As a result, English preachers in the pulpit used standardized rhetorical gestures of the hands, body and sometimes face, to make their sermons more accessible and more effective. Not only did this help people with hearing loss to follow the sermon; it also promoted manual sign language as an articulate form of communication.","In the 1670's the Franciscan divine Christopher Leutbrewer designed a confessory book of 700 printed sins allowing a Deaf person to communicate their sin to a confessor.","Charles-Michel de L'Epee, and Henri Daniel Guyot (founders of the earliest schools for Deaf children) advocated for the hearing impaired and inspired a new type of biblio-confessory which comprised of narrative illustrations of sins. These were always manuscripts and no printed exemplars have survived.","Today, Deaf culture is a vibrant and diverse community that spans the globe. Deaf people have their own unique language, customs, and traditions, and are proud of their identity and heritage. From Deaf artists and musicians to Deaf athletes and entrepreneurs, Deaf individuals continue to make important contributions to society and to shape the world around them.","Despite these gains, however, there is still much work to be done to fully recognize and honor the contributions of the Deaf community. Deaf History Month, which is celebrated every March, provides an important opportunity to raise awareness and educate the public about the history, culture, and achievements of the Deaf community.","Sources:\nIndependent Living Institute website.Promoting the self-determination of people with disabilities  Accessed 7/24/23\nhttps://www.independentliving.org/docs7/miles2005b.html","Oates, Rosamund. \"Speaking in Hands: Early Modern Preaching and Signed Languages for the Deaf.\" Past and Present. Oxford Academic.Volume 256, Issue 1, August 2022, Pages 49–85 Accessed 7/24/23\nhttps://academic.oup.com/past/article/256/1/49/6414569","Community Services for the Deaf website. Accessed 7/24/23\nhttps://www.csd.org/stories/rich-heritage-of-deaf-people/"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16803, Illustrated Manuscript of Confessions for the Deaf, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16803, Illustrated Manuscript of Confessions for the Deaf, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is related ViU-2023-0078 Emblemi sulla Dottrina Cristiana ad uso de' Sordo-Muti [Emblems on Christian Doctrine for use by Deaf-Mutes]\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["This collection is related ViU-2023-0078 Emblemi sulla Dottrina Cristiana ad uso de' Sordo-Muti [Emblems on Christian Doctrine for use by Deaf-Mutes]"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a single leather-bound illustrated manuscript for Deaf persons to confess their sins. They could identify their sins by the illustrations and ask to be absolved. Called a Confessory, it was made in Flanders or the Netherlands roughly between 1770 and 1790.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNo title or author is present on the binding or internal board pages. The book is composed of ninety-two leaves, with ten leaves left blank. It appears to be a model book, with two sets of drawings made by different hands. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe first set contains thirty-six drawings featuring simple scenes, with a young man as the subject, completed in pen and ink, with pale washes of black and grey. Latin captions are underneath each image.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe second series has forty-six drawings, with a woman as the subject, in iron-gall ink and colored with gouache and watercolor. Most of the images have captions in Dutch. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese manuscript books were for the Deaf community. Sins represented in this book include gambling, drinking, \"muttering\" to one's parents, being distracted in church, petty theft, fighting, being late to service, missing confession, inappropriate libido, and wishing one's parents dead. Deaf students would have used this book to make and bind their own copies, most likely at a school for the Deaf in Flanders or the Netherlands. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe survival of manuscripts like this one is a testament to the devotional challenges faced by Deaf persons and the efforts to include them in the Church. It is valuable to have a manuscript that relates to Deaf persons as they have been marginalized thorughout history.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains a single leather-bound illustrated manuscript for Deaf persons to confess their sins. They could identify their sins by the illustrations and ask to be absolved. Called a Confessory, it was made in Flanders or the Netherlands roughly between 1770 and 1790.","No title or author is present on the binding or internal board pages. The book is composed of ninety-two leaves, with ten leaves left blank. It appears to be a model book, with two sets of drawings made by different hands.","The first set contains thirty-six drawings featuring simple scenes, with a young man as the subject, completed in pen and ink, with pale washes of black and grey. Latin captions are underneath each image.","The second series has forty-six drawings, with a woman as the subject, in iron-gall ink and colored with gouache and watercolor. Most of the images have captions in Dutch.","These manuscript books were for the Deaf community. Sins represented in this book include gambling, drinking, \"muttering\" to one's parents, being distracted in church, petty theft, fighting, being late to service, missing confession, inappropriate libido, and wishing one's parents dead. Deaf students would have used this book to make and bind their own copies, most likely at a school for the Deaf in Flanders or the Netherlands.","The survival of manuscripts like this one is a testament to the devotional challenges faced by Deaf persons and the efforts to include them in the Church. It is valuable to have a manuscript that relates to Deaf persons as they have been marginalized thorughout history."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","W.S. Cotter Rare Books"],"names_coll_ssim":["W.S. Cotter Rare Books"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","W.S. Cotter Rare Books"],"language_ssim":["Latin\n      Dutch; Flemish"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":1,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:28:33.807Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1570","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1570","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1570","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1570","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1570.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/191436","title_filing_ssi":"Illustrated Manuscript of Confessions for the Deaf","title_ssm":["Illustrated Manuscript Confessory for  Deaf People"],"title_tesim":["Illustrated Manuscript Confessory for  Deaf People"],"unitdate_ssm":["c.1770-1790"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["c.1770-1790"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1770/1790"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Illustrated Manuscript Confessory for  Deaf People, 1770/1790"],"text":["Illustrated Manuscript Confessory for  Deaf People, 1770/1790","MSS 16803","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1570","Religious education","Church work with the deaf --  Catholic Church","Deaf culture","Fair. The vellum cover has contracted over time and is rigid and difficult to close.","The collection is open for research use.","Throughout the days of the early church and into the Middle Ages, the Deaf and hearing impaired were thought doomed to Hell, since it was believed they could not receive the uttered Word of God and related sacraments, including confession, confirmation, and the Eucharist.","Around 1520, Martin Luther, although he showed controversial views on this subject, argued that the Deaf were also God's children. He said, \"the physical defect of hearing was no barrier to the Word of God; nor was infancy any barrier. All were spiritually 'deaf' until God's Spirit spoke to them; but \"to the Word of God nothing is deaf\" if only the inward 'ears' are willing to hear.\" In 1571 an edict was issued, at the Council of Besancon, that allowed Deaf people access to the essential sacraments.","Even then, deeply rooted local beliefs backed by regional coutumiers still held sway, and sacramental equality for the Deaf was still elusive. Deaf people have faced discrimination and marginalization throughout much of human history. For many years, people viewed them as intellectually and socially inferior to their hearing counterparts, and subjected them to cruel and inhumane treatment.","St Paul's maxim that 'faith comes by hearing' was a constant refrain of preachers, particularly those who saw sermons as 'the ordinary means of salvation' and who worried about people who would not properly listen to sermons, whether through wilfulness, ignorance or 'dullness' of spirit. There was a popular belief in early modern Europe that Paul's maxim effectively damned deaf people. As one contemporary put it: 'If faith comes by hearing … there can be no saving knowledge' for deaf people, and 'the consequence is undeniable, since no man can be saved without faith'.","As a result, deafness and hearing loss were often presented as the most crippling of physical impairments. Preaching in Elizabethan England, Henry Smith argued that while blindness or muteness was a divine punishment, deafness came from the devil. These assumptions have fed into histories of deafness, with one historian arguing that Paul's maxim was 'disastrous' for deaf people in pre-modern Europe.","The seventeenth-century Dutch writer Anton Deusing attacked Paul's assertion that 'faith comes by hearing', writing that 'this is indeed a very hard saying that dismays the soul … [since] those that are born deaf are no more guilty of neglecting their salvation than infants'.","Deusing's views were shared by many, prompting clergy from different confessions across Europe to explore how to accommodate prelingually deaf people in collective worship. The question of how deaf people could be saved was, however, a particularly urgent problem in Reformed Churches, which put sermons at the heart of worship, including the Church of England. As a result, English preachers in the pulpit used standardized rhetorical gestures of the hands, body and sometimes face, to make their sermons more accessible and more effective. Not only did this help people with hearing loss to follow the sermon; it also promoted manual sign language as an articulate form of communication.","In the 1670's the Franciscan divine Christopher Leutbrewer designed a confessory book of 700 printed sins allowing a Deaf person to communicate their sin to a confessor.","Charles-Michel de L'Epee, and Henri Daniel Guyot (founders of the earliest schools for Deaf children) advocated for the hearing impaired and inspired a new type of biblio-confessory which comprised of narrative illustrations of sins. These were always manuscripts and no printed exemplars have survived.","Today, Deaf culture is a vibrant and diverse community that spans the globe. Deaf people have their own unique language, customs, and traditions, and are proud of their identity and heritage. From Deaf artists and musicians to Deaf athletes and entrepreneurs, Deaf individuals continue to make important contributions to society and to shape the world around them.","Despite these gains, however, there is still much work to be done to fully recognize and honor the contributions of the Deaf community. Deaf History Month, which is celebrated every March, provides an important opportunity to raise awareness and educate the public about the history, culture, and achievements of the Deaf community.","Sources:\nIndependent Living Institute website.Promoting the self-determination of people with disabilities  Accessed 7/24/23\nhttps://www.independentliving.org/docs7/miles2005b.html","Oates, Rosamund. \"Speaking in Hands: Early Modern Preaching and Signed Languages for the Deaf.\" Past and Present. Oxford Academic.Volume 256, Issue 1, August 2022, Pages 49–85 Accessed 7/24/23\nhttps://academic.oup.com/past/article/256/1/49/6414569","Community Services for the Deaf website. Accessed 7/24/23\nhttps://www.csd.org/stories/rich-heritage-of-deaf-people/","This collection is related ViU-2023-0078 Emblemi sulla Dottrina Cristiana ad uso de' Sordo-Muti [Emblems on Christian Doctrine for use by Deaf-Mutes]","This collection contains a single leather-bound illustrated manuscript for Deaf persons to confess their sins. They could identify their sins by the illustrations and ask to be absolved. Called a Confessory, it was made in Flanders or the Netherlands roughly between 1770 and 1790.","No title or author is present on the binding or internal board pages. The book is composed of ninety-two leaves, with ten leaves left blank. It appears to be a model book, with two sets of drawings made by different hands.","The first set contains thirty-six drawings featuring simple scenes, with a young man as the subject, completed in pen and ink, with pale washes of black and grey. Latin captions are underneath each image.","The second series has forty-six drawings, with a woman as the subject, in iron-gall ink and colored with gouache and watercolor. Most of the images have captions in Dutch.","These manuscript books were for the Deaf community. Sins represented in this book include gambling, drinking, \"muttering\" to one's parents, being distracted in church, petty theft, fighting, being late to service, missing confession, inappropriate libido, and wishing one's parents dead. Deaf students would have used this book to make and bind their own copies, most likely at a school for the Deaf in Flanders or the Netherlands.","The survival of manuscripts like this one is a testament to the devotional challenges faced by Deaf persons and the efforts to include them in the Church. It is valuable to have a manuscript that relates to Deaf persons as they have been marginalized thorughout history.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","W.S. Cotter Rare Books","Latin\n      Dutch; Flemish"],"collection_title_tesim":["Illustrated Manuscript Confessory for  Deaf People, 1770/1790"],"collection_ssim":["Illustrated Manuscript Confessory for  Deaf People, 1770/1790"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16803","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1570"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16803","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1570"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["W.S. Cotter Rare Books"],"creator_ssim":["W.S. Cotter Rare Books"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","W.S. Cotter Rare Books"],"creators_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","W.S. Cotter Rare Books"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from W. S. Cotter Rare Books from Daniela Kromp of Munich, who acquired the manuscript from Libraire-Katz-Moorthammers of Paris for the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 6 April 2023."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Religious education","Church work with the deaf --  Catholic Church","Deaf culture"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Religious education","Church work with the deaf --  Catholic Church","Deaf culture"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"digital_objects_ssm":["{\"label\": \"Illustrated Manuscript of Confessions for the Deaf, c.1770-1790\", \"href\": \"https://iiifman.lib.virginia.edu/pid/tsb:107590\"}"],"physdesc_tesim":["Fair. The vellum cover has contracted over time and is rigid and difficult to close."],"extent_ssm":[".03 Cubic Feet 1 folder (letter)"],"extent_tesim":[".03 Cubic Feet 1 folder (letter)"],"date_range_isim":[1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThroughout the days of the early church and into the Middle Ages, the Deaf and hearing impaired were thought doomed to Hell, since it was believed they could not receive the uttered Word of God and related sacraments, including confession, confirmation, and the Eucharist. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAround 1520, Martin Luther, although he showed controversial views on this subject, argued that the Deaf were also God's children. He said, \"the physical defect of hearing was no barrier to the Word of God; nor was infancy any barrier. All were spiritually 'deaf' until God's Spirit spoke to them; but \"to the Word of God nothing is deaf\" if only the inward 'ears' are willing to hear.\" In 1571 an edict was issued, at the Council of Besancon, that allowed Deaf people access to the essential sacraments.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEven then, deeply rooted local beliefs backed by regional coutumiers still held sway, and sacramental equality for the Deaf was still elusive. Deaf people have faced discrimination and marginalization throughout much of human history. For many years, people viewed them as intellectually and socially inferior to their hearing counterparts, and subjected them to cruel and inhumane treatment.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSt Paul's maxim that 'faith comes by hearing' was a constant refrain of preachers, particularly those who saw sermons as 'the ordinary means of salvation' and who worried about people who would not properly listen to sermons, whether through wilfulness, ignorance or 'dullness' of spirit. There was a popular belief in early modern Europe that Paul's maxim effectively damned deaf people. As one contemporary put it: 'If faith comes by hearing … there can be no saving knowledge' for deaf people, and 'the consequence is undeniable, since no man can be saved without faith'. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs a result, deafness and hearing loss were often presented as the most crippling of physical impairments. Preaching in Elizabethan England, Henry Smith argued that while blindness or muteness was a divine punishment, deafness came from the devil. These assumptions have fed into histories of deafness, with one historian arguing that Paul's maxim was 'disastrous' for deaf people in pre-modern Europe. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe seventeenth-century Dutch writer Anton Deusing attacked Paul's assertion that 'faith comes by hearing', writing that 'this is indeed a very hard saying that dismays the soul … [since] those that are born deaf are no more guilty of neglecting their salvation than infants'.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDeusing's views were shared by many, prompting clergy from different confessions across Europe to explore how to accommodate prelingually deaf people in collective worship. The question of how deaf people could be saved was, however, a particularly urgent problem in Reformed Churches, which put sermons at the heart of worship, including the Church of England. As a result, English preachers in the pulpit used standardized rhetorical gestures of the hands, body and sometimes face, to make their sermons more accessible and more effective. Not only did this help people with hearing loss to follow the sermon; it also promoted manual sign language as an articulate form of communication.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the 1670's the Franciscan divine Christopher Leutbrewer designed a confessory book of 700 printed sins allowing a Deaf person to communicate their sin to a confessor.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharles-Michel de L'Epee, and Henri Daniel Guyot (founders of the earliest schools for Deaf children) advocated for the hearing impaired and inspired a new type of biblio-confessory which comprised of narrative illustrations of sins. These were always manuscripts and no printed exemplars have survived.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eToday, Deaf culture is a vibrant and diverse community that spans the globe. Deaf people have their own unique language, customs, and traditions, and are proud of their identity and heritage. From Deaf artists and musicians to Deaf athletes and entrepreneurs, Deaf individuals continue to make important contributions to society and to shape the world around them. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDespite these gains, however, there is still much work to be done to fully recognize and honor the contributions of the Deaf community. Deaf History Month, which is celebrated every March, provides an important opportunity to raise awareness and educate the public about the history, culture, and achievements of the Deaf community.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSources:\nIndependent Living Institute website.Promoting the self-determination of people with disabilities  Accessed 7/24/23\nhttps://www.independentliving.org/docs7/miles2005b.html\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOates, Rosamund. \"Speaking in Hands: Early Modern Preaching and Signed Languages for the Deaf.\" Past and Present. Oxford Academic.Volume 256, Issue 1, August 2022, Pages 49–85 Accessed 7/24/23\nhttps://academic.oup.com/past/article/256/1/49/6414569\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCommunity Services for the Deaf website. Accessed 7/24/23\nhttps://www.csd.org/stories/rich-heritage-of-deaf-people/\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Throughout the days of the early church and into the Middle Ages, the Deaf and hearing impaired were thought doomed to Hell, since it was believed they could not receive the uttered Word of God and related sacraments, including confession, confirmation, and the Eucharist.","Around 1520, Martin Luther, although he showed controversial views on this subject, argued that the Deaf were also God's children. He said, \"the physical defect of hearing was no barrier to the Word of God; nor was infancy any barrier. All were spiritually 'deaf' until God's Spirit spoke to them; but \"to the Word of God nothing is deaf\" if only the inward 'ears' are willing to hear.\" In 1571 an edict was issued, at the Council of Besancon, that allowed Deaf people access to the essential sacraments.","Even then, deeply rooted local beliefs backed by regional coutumiers still held sway, and sacramental equality for the Deaf was still elusive. Deaf people have faced discrimination and marginalization throughout much of human history. For many years, people viewed them as intellectually and socially inferior to their hearing counterparts, and subjected them to cruel and inhumane treatment.","St Paul's maxim that 'faith comes by hearing' was a constant refrain of preachers, particularly those who saw sermons as 'the ordinary means of salvation' and who worried about people who would not properly listen to sermons, whether through wilfulness, ignorance or 'dullness' of spirit. There was a popular belief in early modern Europe that Paul's maxim effectively damned deaf people. As one contemporary put it: 'If faith comes by hearing … there can be no saving knowledge' for deaf people, and 'the consequence is undeniable, since no man can be saved without faith'.","As a result, deafness and hearing loss were often presented as the most crippling of physical impairments. Preaching in Elizabethan England, Henry Smith argued that while blindness or muteness was a divine punishment, deafness came from the devil. These assumptions have fed into histories of deafness, with one historian arguing that Paul's maxim was 'disastrous' for deaf people in pre-modern Europe.","The seventeenth-century Dutch writer Anton Deusing attacked Paul's assertion that 'faith comes by hearing', writing that 'this is indeed a very hard saying that dismays the soul … [since] those that are born deaf are no more guilty of neglecting their salvation than infants'.","Deusing's views were shared by many, prompting clergy from different confessions across Europe to explore how to accommodate prelingually deaf people in collective worship. The question of how deaf people could be saved was, however, a particularly urgent problem in Reformed Churches, which put sermons at the heart of worship, including the Church of England. As a result, English preachers in the pulpit used standardized rhetorical gestures of the hands, body and sometimes face, to make their sermons more accessible and more effective. Not only did this help people with hearing loss to follow the sermon; it also promoted manual sign language as an articulate form of communication.","In the 1670's the Franciscan divine Christopher Leutbrewer designed a confessory book of 700 printed sins allowing a Deaf person to communicate their sin to a confessor.","Charles-Michel de L'Epee, and Henri Daniel Guyot (founders of the earliest schools for Deaf children) advocated for the hearing impaired and inspired a new type of biblio-confessory which comprised of narrative illustrations of sins. These were always manuscripts and no printed exemplars have survived.","Today, Deaf culture is a vibrant and diverse community that spans the globe. Deaf people have their own unique language, customs, and traditions, and are proud of their identity and heritage. From Deaf artists and musicians to Deaf athletes and entrepreneurs, Deaf individuals continue to make important contributions to society and to shape the world around them.","Despite these gains, however, there is still much work to be done to fully recognize and honor the contributions of the Deaf community. Deaf History Month, which is celebrated every March, provides an important opportunity to raise awareness and educate the public about the history, culture, and achievements of the Deaf community.","Sources:\nIndependent Living Institute website.Promoting the self-determination of people with disabilities  Accessed 7/24/23\nhttps://www.independentliving.org/docs7/miles2005b.html","Oates, Rosamund. \"Speaking in Hands: Early Modern Preaching and Signed Languages for the Deaf.\" Past and Present. Oxford Academic.Volume 256, Issue 1, August 2022, Pages 49–85 Accessed 7/24/23\nhttps://academic.oup.com/past/article/256/1/49/6414569","Community Services for the Deaf website. Accessed 7/24/23\nhttps://www.csd.org/stories/rich-heritage-of-deaf-people/"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16803, Illustrated Manuscript of Confessions for the Deaf, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16803, Illustrated Manuscript of Confessions for the Deaf, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is related ViU-2023-0078 Emblemi sulla Dottrina Cristiana ad uso de' Sordo-Muti [Emblems on Christian Doctrine for use by Deaf-Mutes]\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["This collection is related ViU-2023-0078 Emblemi sulla Dottrina Cristiana ad uso de' Sordo-Muti [Emblems on Christian Doctrine for use by Deaf-Mutes]"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a single leather-bound illustrated manuscript for Deaf persons to confess their sins. They could identify their sins by the illustrations and ask to be absolved. Called a Confessory, it was made in Flanders or the Netherlands roughly between 1770 and 1790.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNo title or author is present on the binding or internal board pages. The book is composed of ninety-two leaves, with ten leaves left blank. It appears to be a model book, with two sets of drawings made by different hands. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe first set contains thirty-six drawings featuring simple scenes, with a young man as the subject, completed in pen and ink, with pale washes of black and grey. Latin captions are underneath each image.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe second series has forty-six drawings, with a woman as the subject, in iron-gall ink and colored with gouache and watercolor. Most of the images have captions in Dutch. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese manuscript books were for the Deaf community. Sins represented in this book include gambling, drinking, \"muttering\" to one's parents, being distracted in church, petty theft, fighting, being late to service, missing confession, inappropriate libido, and wishing one's parents dead. Deaf students would have used this book to make and bind their own copies, most likely at a school for the Deaf in Flanders or the Netherlands. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe survival of manuscripts like this one is a testament to the devotional challenges faced by Deaf persons and the efforts to include them in the Church. It is valuable to have a manuscript that relates to Deaf persons as they have been marginalized thorughout history.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains a single leather-bound illustrated manuscript for Deaf persons to confess their sins. They could identify their sins by the illustrations and ask to be absolved. Called a Confessory, it was made in Flanders or the Netherlands roughly between 1770 and 1790.","No title or author is present on the binding or internal board pages. The book is composed of ninety-two leaves, with ten leaves left blank. It appears to be a model book, with two sets of drawings made by different hands.","The first set contains thirty-six drawings featuring simple scenes, with a young man as the subject, completed in pen and ink, with pale washes of black and grey. Latin captions are underneath each image.","The second series has forty-six drawings, with a woman as the subject, in iron-gall ink and colored with gouache and watercolor. Most of the images have captions in Dutch.","These manuscript books were for the Deaf community. Sins represented in this book include gambling, drinking, \"muttering\" to one's parents, being distracted in church, petty theft, fighting, being late to service, missing confession, inappropriate libido, and wishing one's parents dead. Deaf students would have used this book to make and bind their own copies, most likely at a school for the Deaf in Flanders or the Netherlands.","The survival of manuscripts like this one is a testament to the devotional challenges faced by Deaf persons and the efforts to include them in the Church. It is valuable to have a manuscript that relates to Deaf persons as they have been marginalized thorughout history."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","W.S. Cotter Rare Books"],"names_coll_ssim":["W.S. Cotter Rare Books"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","W.S. Cotter Rare Books"],"language_ssim":["Latin\n      Dutch; Flemish"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":1,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:28:33.807Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1570"}},{"id":"viu_viu01046_c03_c01","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Indentures, 1667/1867","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu01046_c03_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_viu01046_c03_c01","ref_ssm":["viu_viu01046_c03_c01"],"id":"viu_viu01046_c03_c01","ead_ssi":"viu_viu01046","_root_":"viu_viu01046","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu01046_c03","parent_ssi":"viu_viu01046_c03","parent_ssim":["Latane Family Papers \n         1650-1898","Legal Papers"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_viu01046","viu_viu01046_c03"],"title_filing_ssi":"Indentures","title_ssm":["Indentures"],"title_tesim":["Indentures"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Indentures, 1667/1867"],"text":["Indentures, 1667/1867","Latane Family Papers \n         1650-1898","Legal Papers","(2 folders)","Box Box 2"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Latane Family Papers \n         1650-1898","Legal Papers"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Latane Family Papers \n         1650-1898","Legal Papers"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1667/1867"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1667-1867"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":12,"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Latane Family Papers \n         1650-1898"],"physdesc_tesim":["(2 folders)"],"containers_ssim":["Box Box 2"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"date_range_isim":[1667,1668,1669,1670,1671,1672,1673,1674,1675,1676,1677,1678,1679,1680,1681,1682,1683,1684,1685,1686,1687,1688,1689,1690,1691,1692,1693,1694,1695,1696,1697,1698,1699,1700,1701,1702,1703,1704,1705,1706,1707,1708,1709,1710,1711,1712,1713,1714,1715,1716,1717,1718,1719,1720,1721,1722,1723,1724,1725,1726,1727,1728,1729,1730,1731,1732,1733,1734,1735,1736,1737,1738,1739,1740,1741,1742,1743,1744,1745,1746,1747,1748,1749,1750,1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#0","timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:33:41.315Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_viu01046","ead_ssi":"viu_viu01046","_root_":"viu_viu01046","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu01046","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/uva-sc/viu01046.xml","title_ssm":["Latane Family Papers \n         1650-1898"],"title_tesim":["Latane Family Papers \n         1650-1898"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Latane Family Papers \n         1650-1898"],"text":["Latane Family Papers \n         1650-1898","6490","ca. 710 items","Collection is open to research.","The material is grouped into the following series: I.\n         Correspondence; II. Business Papers; III. Legal Papers; IV.\n         Miscellaneous; V. Bound Volumes; and, VI. Oversize.","Funded in part by a grant from the National Endowment\n            for the Humanities","This collection of papers, 1650-1898, consists of ca. 710\n         items pertaining to the \n         Latane familyof \n         Essex County, Virginia. Included are\n         correspondence, business and legal papers, papers re military\n         and religious matters, school notebooks, and certificates of\n         graduation from schools at the \n         University of Virginia.","Although little seems to be known or published about the\n         Latane family, valuable information may be found in \n         Parson Latane 1672-1732by Lucy Temple Latane (Mss CS71.L347 1936); \n         Essex County, Virginia: Its Historic Homes,\n            Landmarks and Traditionsedited by Essex County Woman's Club (F232.E7E7 1940);\n         and, \n         Settlers, Southerners, Americans: The History of\n            Essex County, Virginia 1608-1984by James B. Slaughter (F232.E7S5 1985).","The early eighteenth century correspondence contains many\n         letters from \n         Henry Lataneand his wife, \n         Anne Latane, London, England, to his\n         brother, \n         Lewis Latane(1672-1732) and his third\n         wife, \n         Mary (Deane) Latane(1685-1765), South\n         Farnham Parish, Essex County. Some of the letters are written\n         in French but the majority of them are in English. During the\n         1720s, Henry frequently advised Lewis to grow another crop\n         besides tobacco, saying that Europe could not consume all that\n         comes from America. In a letter of January 13, 1730, Henry is\n         \"impatient to know what the fate of Europe whether warr or\n         Peace everything seems to tend to a Crisis ...,\" possibly\n         referring to the trade conflict between England and Spain.","After her husband's death in 1732, Mary (Deane) Latane\n         managed the property that came to her and her children, with\n         the help of her cousin, \n         William Beverley(1698-1756). There are\n         several letters, 1733-1750, from Beverley discussing the\n         settlement of her husband's estate and the sale of her\n         tobacco. In addition, there are business correspondence, bills\n         of lading, invoices, and other papers concerning the sale of\n         tobacco.","Letters of interest include correspondence of \n         Spencer Roane(1762-1822), King and Queen\n         County, and \n         William Latane(1750-1811), Essex County,\n         July 1791-August 1792, concerning the deed and survey for the\n         \"Mount Clement Trail of Land,\" and another on July 25, 1804 re\n         the suit of Braxton vs Roane; letters on April 19, 1825, June\n         13, 1826, and November 18, 1826, from \n         James Montague, \n         Harden County, Kentucky, to friends in\n         Essex County, concerning various aspects of life in Kentucky\n         such as the conflict between anti-relief and relief parties,\n         tobacco sales, and prices of corn, flour, cotton, whiskey, et\n         al.; one on June 9, 1854, from Rev. \n         Henry W. L. Temple, Wayland, to \n         James Allen Latane, University of\n         Virginia, discussing Bishop \n         William Meade's visit; and, several\n         letters, October 25, 1864, December 4, 1871, February 2 and\n         June 15, 1883, and June 13, 1885, from \n         Thomas S. Watson, Bracketts, chiefly to \n         Julia A. Holladay, \n         Botetourt County, Virginia, mentioning\n         news of family and friends, new dwellings built on Ionia, and\n         his being disqualified as a member of the legislature.","Letters pertaining to black history include one of December\n         10, 1772, from \n         Samuel Peachey, Jr., \n         Occoquan Furnace, to William Latane,\n         Essex County, asking him to send a young black at Christmas\n         because the latter wants to learn the blacksmith trade; one of\n         November 10, 1788, from \n         Bartlett Williams, New Kent, to \n         William Latane, Essex County, complaining\n         about Latane's man Ephraim corrupting his blacks, and\n         requesting that he not be permitted to visit his plantation; a\n         circular, February 27, 1794, referring to the transportation\n         of slaves from Africa to the West-India islands; one of\n         February 28, 1809, from S. Chenault, Nelson County, Kentucky,\n         re the \"elopement\" of Franklin and his recovery by a Captain\n         Lafon who kept him in his possession for awhile;\n         correspondence between \n         Henry Waring Latane(1782-1860), Essex\n         County, and his brother-in-law, \n         John Temple( -1812), Parkersburg, re the\n         death of Temple's father and the division of his slaves at\n         \"Goldberry,\" December 10, 1811 and January 8, 1812; and, one\n         of June 13, 1885, from \n         Thomas S. Watson, Bracketts, to \n         Julia A. Holladay, Botetourt County,\n         mentioning the poisoning of some children by a black\n         woman.","The business papers are comprised of accounts and\n         administrative and estate papers as well as general\n         correspondence and papers. The accounts are chiefly for\n         members of the Latane and Waring families, and, to a lesser\n         extent, for members of the \n         Allen familyand \n         Temple family. The administrative and\n         estate papers concern the estates of \n         William Peachey( -1700), \n         Lewis Latane(1672-1732), \n         Robert Payne Waring(-1799?), \n         William Latane(1750-1811), \n         John Temple( -1812), \n         Lewis Dix( -1815?), \n         James Allen( -1820?), \n         Ann Latane( -1820?), and \n         Henry Waring Latane(1782-1860). Also,\n         there are business papers pertaining to black history; and, a\n         separate itemized listing has been compiled.","The legal papers contain many indentures, land grants and\n         plats/surveys for lands in \n         Essex County, \n         King and Queen County, and \n         Rappahannock County. These papers are\n         helpful in determining ownership of lands held by the Latane\n         Family, \n         Roane Family, \n         Allen Family, and \n         Dix Family. In addition, there are copies\n         of wills for members of the Latane, Roane, Allen, and Dix\n         families. The wills also contain references to the division of\n         blacks among the families.","There are also genealogical, military, and religious\n         material. The military papers, 1814-1828, pertain chiefly to\n         James Allen's career as captain in the Virginia militia and\n         include abstracts of forage, regimental orders, receipt for\n         arms, detailed returns of arms accoutrements, and rosters of\n         officers and other personnel. Among the miscellaneous papers\n         is a small group of material concerning religious matters,\n         particularly having to do with \n         South Farnham Parishin Essex County.\n         Included are a letter, December 17, 1716, from \n         Alexander Spotswoodto the vestry of the\n         parish re their decision to suspend \n         Lewis Latanefrom his ministerial office;\n         a hymn book belonging to \n         John Latane; and, two letters about the\n         weakening of the Church in Virginia.","See the \n            \n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy.","University of Virginia. Library. Special\n            Collections Dept.","University of Virginia","South Farnham Parish","Jefferson Society","University of\n                  Virginia","Latane family","Allen family","Temple family","Roane Family","Allen Family","Dix Family","Henry Latane","Anne Latane","Lewis Latane","Mary (Deane) Latane","William Beverley","Spencer Roane","William Latane","James Montague","Henry W. L. Temple","James Allen Latane","William Meade","Thomas S. Watson","Julia A. Holladay","Samuel Peachey, Jr.","Bartlett Williams","Henry Waring Latane","John Temple","William Peachey","Robert Payne Waring","Lewis Dix","James Allen","Ann Latane","Alexander Spotswood","John Latane","George Magruder","William Roane","Mary Latane","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Latane Family Papers \n         1650-1898"],"collection_ssim":["Latane Family Papers \n         1650-1898"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["6490"],"unitid_tesim":["6490"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Lucy Temple Latane and James A.\n         Latane, Jr."],"creator_ssim":["Lucy Temple Latane and James A.\n         Latane, Jr."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Henry Latane","Anne Latane","Lewis Latane","Mary (Deane) Latane","William Beverley","Spencer Roane","William Latane","James Montague","Henry W. L. Temple","James Allen Latane","William Meade","Thomas S. Watson","Julia A. Holladay","Samuel Peachey, Jr.","Bartlett Williams","Henry Waring Latane","John Temple","William Peachey","Robert Payne Waring","Lewis Dix","James Allen","Ann Latane","Alexander Spotswood","John Latane","George Magruder","William Roane","Mary Latane"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["University of Virginia. Library. Special\n            Collections Dept.","University of Virginia","South Farnham Parish","Jefferson Society","University of\n                  Virginia"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Latane family","Allen family","Temple family","Roane Family","Allen Family","Dix Family"],"creators_ssim":["Henry Latane","Anne Latane","Lewis Latane","Mary (Deane) Latane","William Beverley","Spencer Roane","William Latane","James Montague","Henry W. L. Temple","James Allen Latane","William Meade","Thomas S. Watson","Julia A. Holladay","Samuel Peachey, Jr.","Bartlett Williams","Henry Waring Latane","John Temple","William Peachey","Robert Payne Waring","Lewis Dix","James Allen","Ann Latane","Alexander Spotswood","John Latane","George Magruder","William Roane","Mary Latane","University of Virginia. Library. Special\n            Collections Dept.","University of Virginia","South Farnham Parish","Jefferson Society","University of\n                  Virginia","Latane family","Allen family","Temple family","Roane Family","Allen Family","Dix Family"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was originally loaned to the University\n            of Virginia Library by Lucy Temple Latane but was later\n            given to the Library by James A. Latane, Jr. on December 7,\n            1988."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["ca. 710 items"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe material is grouped into the following series: I.\n         Correspondence; II. Business Papers; III. Legal Papers; IV.\n         Miscellaneous; V. Bound Volumes; and, VI. Oversize.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Organization"],"arrangement_tesim":["The material is grouped into the following series: I.\n         Correspondence; II. Business Papers; III. Legal Papers; IV.\n         Miscellaneous; V. Bound Volumes; and, VI. Oversize."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLatane Family\n            Papers, Accession 6490, Special Collections Department, University of\n         Virginia Library\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["Latane Family\n            Papers, Accession 6490, Special Collections Department, University of\n         Virginia Library"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFunded in part by a grant from the National Endowment\n            for the Humanities\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Funding Note"],"processinfo_tesim":["Funded in part by a grant from the National Endowment\n            for the Humanities"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection of papers, 1650-1898, consists of ca. 710\n         items pertaining to the \n         \u003cfamname\u003eLatane family\u003c/famname\u003eof \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eEssex County, Virginia\u003c/geogname\u003e. Included are\n         correspondence, business and legal papers, papers re military\n         and religious matters, school notebooks, and certificates of\n         graduation from schools at the \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eUniversity of Virginia\u003c/corpname\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eAlthough little seems to be known or published about the\n         Latane family, valuable information may be found in \n         \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eParson Latane 1672-1732\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003eby Lucy Temple Latane (Mss CS71.L347 1936); \n         \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eEssex County, Virginia: Its Historic Homes,\n            Landmarks and Traditions\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003eedited by Essex County Woman's Club (F232.E7E7 1940);\n         and, \n         \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eSettlers, Southerners, Americans: The History of\n            Essex County, Virginia 1608-1984\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003eby James B. Slaughter (F232.E7S5 1985).\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe early eighteenth century correspondence contains many\n         letters from \n         \u003cpersname\u003eHenry Latane\u003c/persname\u003eand his wife, \n         \u003cpersname\u003eAnne Latane\u003c/persname\u003e, London, England, to his\n         brother, \n         \u003cpersname\u003eLewis Latane\u003c/persname\u003e(1672-1732) and his third\n         wife, \n         \u003cpersname\u003eMary (Deane) Latane\u003c/persname\u003e(1685-1765), South\n         Farnham Parish, Essex County. Some of the letters are written\n         in French but the majority of them are in English. During the\n         1720s, Henry frequently advised Lewis to grow another crop\n         besides tobacco, saying that Europe could not consume all that\n         comes from America. In a letter of January 13, 1730, Henry is\n         \"impatient to know what the fate of Europe whether warr or\n         Peace everything seems to tend to a Crisis ...,\" possibly\n         referring to the trade conflict between England and Spain.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eAfter her husband's death in 1732, Mary (Deane) Latane\n         managed the property that came to her and her children, with\n         the help of her cousin, \n         \u003cpersname\u003eWilliam Beverley\u003c/persname\u003e(1698-1756). There are\n         several letters, 1733-1750, from Beverley discussing the\n         settlement of her husband's estate and the sale of her\n         tobacco. In addition, there are business correspondence, bills\n         of lading, invoices, and other papers concerning the sale of\n         tobacco.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eLetters of interest include correspondence of \n         \u003cpersname\u003eSpencer Roane\u003c/persname\u003e(1762-1822), King and Queen\n         County, and \n         \u003cpersname\u003eWilliam Latane\u003c/persname\u003e(1750-1811), Essex County,\n         July 1791-August 1792, concerning the deed and survey for the\n         \"Mount Clement Trail of Land,\" and another on July 25, 1804 re\n         the suit of Braxton vs Roane; letters on April 19, 1825, June\n         13, 1826, and November 18, 1826, from \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJames Montague\u003c/persname\u003e, \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eHarden County, Kentucky\u003c/geogname\u003e, to friends in\n         Essex County, concerning various aspects of life in Kentucky\n         such as the conflict between anti-relief and relief parties,\n         tobacco sales, and prices of corn, flour, cotton, whiskey, et\n         al.; one on June 9, 1854, from Rev. \n         \u003cpersname\u003eHenry W. L. Temple\u003c/persname\u003e, Wayland, to \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJames Allen Latane\u003c/persname\u003e, University of\n         Virginia, discussing Bishop \n         \u003cpersname\u003eWilliam Meade\u003c/persname\u003e's visit; and, several\n         letters, October 25, 1864, December 4, 1871, February 2 and\n         June 15, 1883, and June 13, 1885, from \n         \u003cpersname\u003eThomas S. Watson\u003c/persname\u003e, Bracketts, chiefly to \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJulia A. Holladay\u003c/persname\u003e, \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eBotetourt County, Virginia\u003c/geogname\u003e, mentioning\n         news of family and friends, new dwellings built on Ionia, and\n         his being disqualified as a member of the legislature.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eLetters pertaining to black history include one of December\n         10, 1772, from \n         \u003cpersname\u003eSamuel Peachey, Jr.\u003c/persname\u003e, \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eOccoquan Furnace\u003c/geogname\u003e, to William Latane,\n         Essex County, asking him to send a young black at Christmas\n         because the latter wants to learn the blacksmith trade; one of\n         November 10, 1788, from \n         \u003cpersname\u003eBartlett Williams\u003c/persname\u003e, New Kent, to \n         \u003cpersname\u003eWilliam Latane\u003c/persname\u003e, Essex County, complaining\n         about Latane's man Ephraim corrupting his blacks, and\n         requesting that he not be permitted to visit his plantation; a\n         circular, February 27, 1794, referring to the transportation\n         of slaves from Africa to the West-India islands; one of\n         February 28, 1809, from S. Chenault, Nelson County, Kentucky,\n         re the \"elopement\" of Franklin and his recovery by a Captain\n         Lafon who kept him in his possession for awhile;\n         correspondence between \n         \u003cpersname\u003eHenry Waring Latane\u003c/persname\u003e(1782-1860), Essex\n         County, and his brother-in-law, \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJohn Temple\u003c/persname\u003e( -1812), Parkersburg, re the\n         death of Temple's father and the division of his slaves at\n         \"Goldberry,\" December 10, 1811 and January 8, 1812; and, one\n         of June 13, 1885, from \n         \u003cpersname\u003eThomas S. Watson\u003c/persname\u003e, Bracketts, to \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJulia A. Holladay\u003c/persname\u003e, Botetourt County,\n         mentioning the poisoning of some children by a black\n         woman.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe business papers are comprised of accounts and\n         administrative and estate papers as well as general\n         correspondence and papers. The accounts are chiefly for\n         members of the Latane and Waring families, and, to a lesser\n         extent, for members of the \n         \u003cfamname\u003eAllen family\u003c/famname\u003eand \n         \u003cfamname\u003eTemple family\u003c/famname\u003e. The administrative and\n         estate papers concern the estates of \n         \u003cpersname\u003eWilliam Peachey\u003c/persname\u003e( -1700), \n         \u003cpersname\u003eLewis Latane\u003c/persname\u003e(1672-1732), \n         \u003cpersname\u003eRobert Payne Waring\u003c/persname\u003e(-1799?), \n         \u003cpersname\u003eWilliam Latane\u003c/persname\u003e(1750-1811), \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJohn Temple\u003c/persname\u003e( -1812), \n         \u003cpersname\u003eLewis Dix\u003c/persname\u003e( -1815?), \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJames Allen\u003c/persname\u003e( -1820?), \n         \u003cpersname\u003eAnn Latane\u003c/persname\u003e( -1820?), and \n         \u003cpersname\u003eHenry Waring Latane\u003c/persname\u003e(1782-1860). Also,\n         there are business papers pertaining to black history; and, a\n         separate itemized listing has been compiled.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe legal papers contain many indentures, land grants and\n         plats/surveys for lands in \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eEssex County\u003c/geogname\u003e, \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eKing and Queen County\u003c/geogname\u003e, and \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eRappahannock County\u003c/geogname\u003e. These papers are\n         helpful in determining ownership of lands held by the Latane\n         Family, \n         \u003cfamname\u003eRoane Family\u003c/famname\u003e, \n         \u003cfamname\u003eAllen Family\u003c/famname\u003e, and \n         \u003cfamname\u003eDix Family\u003c/famname\u003e. In addition, there are copies\n         of wills for members of the Latane, Roane, Allen, and Dix\n         families. The wills also contain references to the division of\n         blacks among the families.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThere are also genealogical, military, and religious\n         material. The military papers, 1814-1828, pertain chiefly to\n         James Allen's career as captain in the Virginia militia and\n         include abstracts of forage, regimental orders, receipt for\n         arms, detailed returns of arms accoutrements, and rosters of\n         officers and other personnel. Among the miscellaneous papers\n         is a small group of material concerning religious matters,\n         particularly having to do with \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eSouth Farnham Parish\u003c/corpname\u003ein Essex County.\n         Included are a letter, December 17, 1716, from \n         \u003cpersname\u003eAlexander Spotswood\u003c/persname\u003eto the vestry of the\n         parish re their decision to suspend \n         \u003cpersname\u003eLewis Latane\u003c/persname\u003efrom his ministerial office;\n         a hymn book belonging to \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJohn Latane\u003c/persname\u003e; and, two letters about the\n         weakening of the Church in Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection of papers, 1650-1898, consists of ca. 710\n         items pertaining to the \n         Latane familyof \n         Essex County, Virginia. Included are\n         correspondence, business and legal papers, papers re military\n         and religious matters, school notebooks, and certificates of\n         graduation from schools at the \n         University of Virginia.","Although little seems to be known or published about the\n         Latane family, valuable information may be found in \n         Parson Latane 1672-1732by Lucy Temple Latane (Mss CS71.L347 1936); \n         Essex County, Virginia: Its Historic Homes,\n            Landmarks and Traditionsedited by Essex County Woman's Club (F232.E7E7 1940);\n         and, \n         Settlers, Southerners, Americans: The History of\n            Essex County, Virginia 1608-1984by James B. Slaughter (F232.E7S5 1985).","The early eighteenth century correspondence contains many\n         letters from \n         Henry Lataneand his wife, \n         Anne Latane, London, England, to his\n         brother, \n         Lewis Latane(1672-1732) and his third\n         wife, \n         Mary (Deane) Latane(1685-1765), South\n         Farnham Parish, Essex County. Some of the letters are written\n         in French but the majority of them are in English. During the\n         1720s, Henry frequently advised Lewis to grow another crop\n         besides tobacco, saying that Europe could not consume all that\n         comes from America. In a letter of January 13, 1730, Henry is\n         \"impatient to know what the fate of Europe whether warr or\n         Peace everything seems to tend to a Crisis ...,\" possibly\n         referring to the trade conflict between England and Spain.","After her husband's death in 1732, Mary (Deane) Latane\n         managed the property that came to her and her children, with\n         the help of her cousin, \n         William Beverley(1698-1756). There are\n         several letters, 1733-1750, from Beverley discussing the\n         settlement of her husband's estate and the sale of her\n         tobacco. In addition, there are business correspondence, bills\n         of lading, invoices, and other papers concerning the sale of\n         tobacco.","Letters of interest include correspondence of \n         Spencer Roane(1762-1822), King and Queen\n         County, and \n         William Latane(1750-1811), Essex County,\n         July 1791-August 1792, concerning the deed and survey for the\n         \"Mount Clement Trail of Land,\" and another on July 25, 1804 re\n         the suit of Braxton vs Roane; letters on April 19, 1825, June\n         13, 1826, and November 18, 1826, from \n         James Montague, \n         Harden County, Kentucky, to friends in\n         Essex County, concerning various aspects of life in Kentucky\n         such as the conflict between anti-relief and relief parties,\n         tobacco sales, and prices of corn, flour, cotton, whiskey, et\n         al.; one on June 9, 1854, from Rev. \n         Henry W. L. Temple, Wayland, to \n         James Allen Latane, University of\n         Virginia, discussing Bishop \n         William Meade's visit; and, several\n         letters, October 25, 1864, December 4, 1871, February 2 and\n         June 15, 1883, and June 13, 1885, from \n         Thomas S. Watson, Bracketts, chiefly to \n         Julia A. Holladay, \n         Botetourt County, Virginia, mentioning\n         news of family and friends, new dwellings built on Ionia, and\n         his being disqualified as a member of the legislature.","Letters pertaining to black history include one of December\n         10, 1772, from \n         Samuel Peachey, Jr., \n         Occoquan Furnace, to William Latane,\n         Essex County, asking him to send a young black at Christmas\n         because the latter wants to learn the blacksmith trade; one of\n         November 10, 1788, from \n         Bartlett Williams, New Kent, to \n         William Latane, Essex County, complaining\n         about Latane's man Ephraim corrupting his blacks, and\n         requesting that he not be permitted to visit his plantation; a\n         circular, February 27, 1794, referring to the transportation\n         of slaves from Africa to the West-India islands; one of\n         February 28, 1809, from S. Chenault, Nelson County, Kentucky,\n         re the \"elopement\" of Franklin and his recovery by a Captain\n         Lafon who kept him in his possession for awhile;\n         correspondence between \n         Henry Waring Latane(1782-1860), Essex\n         County, and his brother-in-law, \n         John Temple( -1812), Parkersburg, re the\n         death of Temple's father and the division of his slaves at\n         \"Goldberry,\" December 10, 1811 and January 8, 1812; and, one\n         of June 13, 1885, from \n         Thomas S. Watson, Bracketts, to \n         Julia A. Holladay, Botetourt County,\n         mentioning the poisoning of some children by a black\n         woman.","The business papers are comprised of accounts and\n         administrative and estate papers as well as general\n         correspondence and papers. The accounts are chiefly for\n         members of the Latane and Waring families, and, to a lesser\n         extent, for members of the \n         Allen familyand \n         Temple family. The administrative and\n         estate papers concern the estates of \n         William Peachey( -1700), \n         Lewis Latane(1672-1732), \n         Robert Payne Waring(-1799?), \n         William Latane(1750-1811), \n         John Temple( -1812), \n         Lewis Dix( -1815?), \n         James Allen( -1820?), \n         Ann Latane( -1820?), and \n         Henry Waring Latane(1782-1860). Also,\n         there are business papers pertaining to black history; and, a\n         separate itemized listing has been compiled.","The legal papers contain many indentures, land grants and\n         plats/surveys for lands in \n         Essex County, \n         King and Queen County, and \n         Rappahannock County. These papers are\n         helpful in determining ownership of lands held by the Latane\n         Family, \n         Roane Family, \n         Allen Family, and \n         Dix Family. In addition, there are copies\n         of wills for members of the Latane, Roane, Allen, and Dix\n         families. The wills also contain references to the division of\n         blacks among the families.","There are also genealogical, military, and religious\n         material. The military papers, 1814-1828, pertain chiefly to\n         James Allen's career as captain in the Virginia militia and\n         include abstracts of forage, regimental orders, receipt for\n         arms, detailed returns of arms accoutrements, and rosters of\n         officers and other personnel. Among the miscellaneous papers\n         is a small group of material concerning religious matters,\n         particularly having to do with \n         South Farnham Parishin Essex County.\n         Included are a letter, December 17, 1716, from \n         Alexander Spotswoodto the vestry of the\n         parish re their decision to suspend \n         Lewis Latanefrom his ministerial office;\n         a hymn book belonging to \n         John Latane; and, two letters about the\n         weakening of the Church in Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee the \n            \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.library.virginia.edu/policies/use-of-materials\"\u003e\n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy.\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["See the \n            \n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n      "],"corpname_ssim":["University of Virginia. Library. Special\n            Collections Dept.","University of Virginia","South Farnham Parish","Jefferson Society","University of\n                  Virginia"],"famname_ssim":["Latane family","Allen family","Temple family","Roane Family","Allen Family","Dix Family"],"persname_ssim":["Henry Latane","Anne Latane","Lewis Latane","Mary (Deane) Latane","William Beverley","Spencer Roane","William Latane","James Montague","Henry W. L. Temple","James Allen Latane","William Meade","Thomas S. Watson","Julia A. Holladay","Samuel Peachey, Jr.","Bartlett Williams","Henry Waring Latane","John Temple","William Peachey","Robert Payne Waring","Lewis Dix","James Allen","Ann Latane","Alexander Spotswood","John Latane","George Magruder","William Roane","Mary Latane"],"names_ssim":["University of Virginia. Library. Special\n            Collections Dept.","University of Virginia","South Farnham Parish","Jefferson Society","University of\n                  Virginia","Latane family","Allen family","Temple family","Roane Family","Allen Family","Dix Family","Henry Latane","Anne Latane","Lewis Latane","Mary (Deane) Latane","William Beverley","Spencer Roane","William Latane","James Montague","Henry W. L. Temple","James Allen Latane","William Meade","Thomas S. Watson","Julia A. Holladay","Samuel Peachey, Jr.","Bartlett Williams","Henry Waring Latane","John Temple","William Peachey","Robert Payne Waring","Lewis Dix","James Allen","Ann Latane","Alexander Spotswood","John Latane","George Magruder","William Roane","Mary Latane"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":32,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:33:41.315Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu01046_c03_c01"}},{"id":"viu_viu00017_c03_c05","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Indentures., 1749/1788","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu00017_c03_c05#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_viu00017_c03_c05","ref_ssm":["viu_viu00017_c03_c05"],"id":"viu_viu00017_c03_c05","ead_ssi":"viu_viu00017","_root_":"viu_viu00017","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu00017_c03","parent_ssi":"viu_viu00017_c03","parent_ssim":["Irvine-Saunders Family Papers \n         1745-1910 Inclusive","Legal Papers"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_viu00017","viu_viu00017_c03"],"title_filing_ssi":"Indentures.","title_ssm":["Indentures."],"title_tesim":["Indentures."],"normalized_title_ssm":["Indentures., 1749/1788"],"text":["Indentures., 1749/1788","Irvine-Saunders Family Papers \n         1745-1910 Inclusive","Legal Papers","Box Box 4"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Irvine-Saunders Family Papers \n         1745-1910 Inclusive","Legal Papers"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Irvine-Saunders Family Papers \n         1745-1910 Inclusive","Legal Papers"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1749/1788"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1749-1788, n.d."],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":25,"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Irvine-Saunders Family Papers \n         1745-1910 Inclusive"],"containers_ssim":["Box Box 4"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"date_range_isim":[1749,1750,1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#4","timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:31:42.753Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_viu00017","ead_ssi":"viu_viu00017","_root_":"viu_viu00017","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu00017","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/uva-sc/viu00017.xml","title_ssm":["Irvine-Saunders Family Papers \n         1745-1910 Inclusive"],"title_tesim":["Irvine-Saunders Family Papers \n         1745-1910 Inclusive"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Irvine-Saunders Family Papers \n         1745-1910 Inclusive"],"text":["Irvine-Saunders Family Papers \n         1745-1910 Inclusive","Collection number 116","2100 items","Collection is open to research.","Funded in part by a grant from the National Endowment\n            for the Humanities","This collection, 1745-1910, n.d., of ca. 2100 items,\n         consists of correspondence, business and legal papers,\n         miscellaneous, and bound volumes, pertaining to the \n         Davis Family, \n         Saunders Family, and \n         Watts Family. Large portions of the\n         correspondence belong to \n         William Wattsand \n         Fleming Saunders. Included with the\n         correspondence is a letterbook, 1873-1880, of \n         Frank Prufer. The business papers include\n         accounts, bonds, correspondence, and notes and receipts,\n         chiefly pertaining to \n         William Wattsand \n         Fleming Saunders, but also various\n         members of these families. The legal papers include court\n         dockets and memoranda of \n         William Watts, documents, and wills.\n         There are various legal papers of \n         William Wattspertaining to \n         Virginiacounties including \n         Amelia County, \n         Amherst County, \n         Buckingham County, \n         Campbell County, \n         Cumberland County, \n         Prince Edward County. The miscellaneous\n         material includes advertisements, educational papers,\n         photographs, printed, religious papers, and fragments. The\n         bound volumes include day books, a blacksmith book, a farm\n         journal, memorandum books, and a township record. Folders are\n         arranged alphabetically within each series, with material\n         inside arranged chronologically.","Correspondence","From the correspondence of the \n         Davis Family, \n         Saunders Family, and related families,\n         1800-1856, there is a letter addressed to \"Sully,\" December\n         30, 1800, from \n         Louisa County, which advises the\n         recipient, who had asked for religious instruction, to seek\n         the \n         Kingdom of God. A letter dated April 2,\n         1812 from \n         James Raylandto his sister mentions that\n         his cousin is strapped for cash, and asks if the recipient can\n         help him. A rather unusual letter, dating July 24, 1836, from \n         Mount Pleasant, indicates that \"Mary\n         thinks a little Brandy would be of service to her,\" and\n         requests that some be sent to her. A letter written to Captain\n         Davis on January 9, 1844, mentions that \n         Pleasant Milkhillneeds brandy, and asks\n         that it be sent with \n         David(probably a slave) for there is none\n         at \n         Bethel. A letter dating November 6, 1856\n         at \n         Bleak Hillsmakes a reference to \"Roanoke\"\n         [Roanoke County, or \n         John Randolph's estate \"Roanoke\"?].","From their correspondence dating 1862-1904, there is a\n         letter to \n         Sam Tyree, Esq, July 17, 1870 from [his]\n         student: \n         [Sam L. Preston?]complaining that he can\n         not attend sunday school because of prostration. There is also\n         a letter dated April 8, 1901 from \n         Trinity and Ivy Chapelin \n         Boonsboro, Bedford Countyto a Mr.\n         Randolph inviting him to preach there every other Sunday.\n         There is also an undated fragment referring to a comet the\n         size of a full moon and a meteor shower which \"will be a sight\n         to see.\"","Among the families' undated correspondence, is a letter\n         dated November 17 to \n         \"Carter\" [Saunders?], by a female who\n         mentions [her] children's Latin lessons. There is another\n         letter to a Miss Kerr which mentions a recipe for Tongue a la\n         Mode. There is also a letter, dated October 23, [1805?], from\n         a \n         Sam K. Jenny, probably a doctor of\n         medicine, which mentions that \n         William Greenattended a man named\n         Barnhart to \n         Bedfordso Jenny could prescribe to his\n         case and that he \"forbad the case of ardent spirits.\"","From the correspondence of \n         Eva (Smith) Saunders, dated 1868-1894,\n         there is a letter, February 24, 1889, from \n         The Grovewhich mentions that while Eva\n         passed her exams--her brother \n         Fleming Saunders IIIdid not. A letter,\n         August 2, 1892, to \n         Eva Saundersfrom \n         M. Natalie Manson, at \n         Wintore, speaks of school and Latin.\n         There is an interesting letter, December 10, 1893, from \n         Florence, Italyto Eva, mentioning that\n         there is no silver in \n         Italyfor the English and French are\n         buying it up, that \"Coppers are such a bother, and so heavy to\n         carry,\" seeing the works of \n         Donatoand \n         Brunelleschiand the \n         Medici Chapel, and the \n         \"Brothers of Pity\"who wear black robes\n         and carry a corpse which \"made my blood turn cold.\" There is a\n         letter, January 13, 1894, to Eva, which mentions sending a\n         book to \n         May Begg, \"a literary courtship under the\n         auspices of \n         Pike's Peak. \" \n         Fleming Saunders IIIat \n         Randolph-Macon Academyin \n         Bedfordwrites to Eva on May 15, 1894,\n         saying he tried to get a tennis tournament for field day, and\n         congratulates Eva on her chicken raising and hopes his are\n         doing better.","Among the \n         Eva Saundersundated correspondence, there\n         is a fragment which notes that Miss Begg sent to its writer a\n         little book called \"The greatest thing in the World.\" A letter\n         dated November 26 to Eva contains drawings of women's blouses\n         and concerns her ordered blouses.","From the correspondence of \n         Fleming Saundersand \n         Mary (Gwathmey) Saunders, 1858-1879, a\n         letter dated September 5, 1871, from \n         Peter Saunders, Jr., \n         Bleak Hill, says that his tobacco crop\n         has suffered. Another letter, April 17, 1874, from \n         Jeanie Edmond, \n         Hudson Lodge, makes a reference to the \n         Jubilee Singerstraveling to raise money\n         for a \"slave college somewhere in the Northern States\"; to\n         acquaintances visiting \n         England, mentioning a \"public worship\n         bill\" in \n         Parliament, and one acquaintance having\n         an appointment with the Bishop of \n         Melbourne; and to visiting \n         Australia. In a postcard dated August 21,\n         1879, \n         W. A. Alrichasks \n         Fleming Saunders' opinion as to the next\n         \"services\" in \"regular course,\" and saying that it best not to\n         alter rotation as \"last service was omitted.\" He also mentions\n         that Mrs. \n         C[harles] Dabneyhas a fine little\n         daughter.","In the Fleming and Mary Saunders correspondence, 1880-1892,\n         there is a letter dated March 3, 1880 from M. Caden to\n         Saunders stating that he can not board a minister, but will\n         give the same salary as before. \n         Peter Saunderswrites from \n         Bleak Hillon January 19, 1881 saying that\n         he has no specific desire to be a director on the \n         Virgina Midland [Rail] Road, and does not\n         think he could get the appointment anyway; he is still a\n         director on the \n         Franklin and Pittsylvania Railroad\n         Company, and fears a possible conflict of interest.\n         W. A. Alrichwrites from \n         Emanuel Rectory, \n         Chatham, Virginia, on February 16, 1882,\n         saying he is glad that the \n         Saunders' keep up the old St. Valentine's\n         Day tradition, by sending so practical a token of affection. \n         Ellen Boulder, a school teacher, writes\n         to \n         Mary Saundersfrom \n         Drake's Branchon March 18, 1889,\n         mentioning a five month school term ending on March 1st and a\n         June 23 to July 23 summer session. \n         [Peter Saunders], \n         Bleak Hill, writes \n         Fleming Saunders, on October 26, 1891\n         mentioning Republican elements in the \"alliance\" [farmers'\n         alliance such as the \n         Grange?].","In the Fleming and Mary Saunders correspondence, 1893-1900,\n         Fleming Saunders IIIwrites to his parents\n         from \n         Randolph-Macon Academyin \n         Bedfordon March 14, 1893, saying that he\n         is in the Baptist Church in the morning and the Methodist in\n         the afternoon, and tells of boys who spend more time with the\n         girls than studying. \n         James F. Plummerwrites to Captain\n         Saunders on March 29, 1893, [from a theological seminary?],\n         saying that exams are beginning, and implying that knowledge\n         of Hebrew and Apologetics will be next among those things\n         tested. \n         Peter Saunderswrites to Fleming from \n         Bleak Hill, on March 30, 1894, mentioning\n         the Bland Bill and the fear that its veto would cause discord\n         in the \n         Democratic Party, and discussing briefly\n         possible effects on the present financial situation.","In the Fleming and Mary Saunders correspondence, 1901-1910,\n         there is a letter, July 19, 1901, from \n         Edward Watts Saunders, while serving in\n         the \n         Virginia House of Delegates. \n         William W. Oldwrites to Fleming on\n         February 2, 1903 about a land sale and his agreement to sell\n         the land as a whole parcel to two black men, and suggesting a\n         method of finalizing the transaction. \n         E. W. Saunderswrites to Fleming on\n         January 21, 1904 mentioning an inquiry about his land near\n         \"Vic. Muse.\" A letter, [March 1904], from \n         Alice [Saunders]at \n         Hollins, Virginia, to her aunt Saunders\n         refers to the Roman poet \n         Virgil. She writes to her mother on March\n         12, 1904 mentioning that John [ ] had failed in \n         Caesarand that he had been in the second\n         book of \n         Virgil.","In the undated Fleming and Mary Saunders correspondence, \n         D. Saunderswrites to his mother from \n         Randolph-Macon Academyon February 10,\n         saying that he is learning German and is plagued by poor\n         spelling, and that the boys dance every night and were\n         previously boxing.","In the correspondence of \n         William Watts, 1754-1784, there is a\n         letter dated June 27, 1771 which summons Watts to the \n         General Assemblyin \n         Williamsburg. \n         Samuel Dilworthwrites on June 2, 1783\n         from \n         Blanfordmentioning the problem of\n         collecting debts owed to the British. \n         Thomas Baldwin, Jr.writes on December 22,\n         1784 concerning the purchase of \"the Negro Fellow\" for\n         $18.","In the Watts correspondence, 1785-1789, a letter, December\n         16, 1785, from \n         William Roachinforms Watts that while \n         Peter Kernis employing Watts in a matter\n         between Kern and Roach, Watts is to plead for Roach in all\n         matters, suggesting a conflict of interest. \n         Arthur Campbell, a candidate for the\n         senate from the Western Distict, writes, on March 24, 1788,\n         asking for Watts' support. \n         Edward Grahamof \n         Bedford, writes on December 20, 1792,\n         mentioning that he saw the Watts' son reading \n         Horaceand sending the boy a copy of \n         Cicerowhich would supply \"the means of\n         raising him as high in eminence as you could reasonably wish,\"\n         and adding that the boy will need to learn Greek as he will\n         soon be studying science.","In the Watts correspondence, 1793-1794, \n         Duncan Rosewrites from \n         Petersburg, on July 8, 1794, stating that\n         Buchanan's Hartie and Companyhas been\n         doing business in \n         Great Britainand is waiting for a\n         successor to Hartie to be appointed before certain books could\n         be examined by Rose. Another letter pertains to relations with\n         Franceand \n         Britainat this time: \n         George Hancockwrites to Watts in 1794\n         mentioning the rearing of a navy \"to repel the insult to our\n         ploy,\" referring to commerce restriction [on American goods]\n         by a nation which does not have a commerce treaty with the\n         U.S., and referring to Mr. \n         [James] Madison's arguments whereas he\n         conducted himself in a manner worthy of himself. \n         Creed Taylorwrites on May 11, 1795,\n         concerning some bonds. \n         William Vannersonwrites, on October 30,\n         1795, from \n         Petersburgmentioning a British war sloop\n         in \n         Norfolk, Virginiaand the order for\n         carrying American bottoms bound for \n         Franceinto British ports with invoice\n         being revoked, revealing that some say that this retaliation\n         has been brought about by Americans invoicing their flour at\n         $27 per barrel.","In Watts' correspondence with \n         Edward Randolph, 1796-1797, Randolph\n         writes from \n         Richmondon February 21 and March 13, 1796\n         on the subject of British creditors. In Watts' correspondence\n         with \n         Thomas F. Scott, 1792-1798, Scott writes\n         on January 4, 1796 and December 18, 1798 on the subject of\n         British debts. In the correspondence of \n         William Wattswith \n         John Watts, 1784-1800, John writes to\n         William in April 1784 from \n         Lincoln County, Virginia(now \n         Kentucky), concerning apprehension about\n         a possible Indian war in the \n         Northwest Territories. John says that\n         while the lands in \n         Kentuckyare good, the inconveniences are\n         many, and that the doomsayers will probably prevent the\n         surveying of lands on the northwest side of the Ohio.","Business Papers","There are general accounts, 1751-1899, n.d. An account,\n         beginning November 16, 1762, with \n         George Kippen \u0026 Co.at their store in \n         Goochland, Virginia, lists \n         John Gilliamas having ordered a dozen\n         flints, 3/4 yard of bearskin, and a dozen pipes. There is a\n         list, April 20, 1763, pertaining to the estate of \n         A. Watts, on which is listed a\n         £0.2.0 debt to \n         Mary Petillo, the only woman on the list,\n         and a £2.4.9 debt to Sir \n         William Skipwith. The account of \n         Thomas Eastwith \n         Archelaus Austinfrom November 15, 1771,\n         consists of beer, wine, grog, and a gallon of corn, with one\n         entry \"to saging one night\" perhaps pertaining to the making\n         of moonshine. An account, beginning January 20, 1775, of N[ ]\n         Vaughn with \n         Edward Wattslists various quantities of\n         rum, molasses, and sugar. There are several accounts,\n         1779-1794, of the estate of \n         Nathaniel Davis, including an entry for\n         1784 for three yards of woollen for a Negro jacket, and May 9,\n         1784 for half of hire of \n         Jacob. There is a section, \"Accts\n         Overlooked,\" from 1784, which refers to tobacco being a share\n         and half share for \n         Jacob, and another for dinner at the\n         courthouse when on business. There is an account of \n         James Daviswith \n         Daniel Warwick, dating 1799-1803, with\n         references to a variety of items including coffee, sewing\n         materials, dinner ware, alcohol, and accessories. Mrs. \n         Elizabeth Davis' account beginning May\n         31, 1807, has an entries for coffee, condiments, and sewing\n         material. An account, March 26, 1810, of Capt. \n         James Daviswith \n         Rowland P. Bankslists \"163 days tuition\n         at $8 p. ann. $5 cts 1 1/2.\" The account, beginning August 14,\n         1826, of Capt. \n         James Daviswith \n         Thomas Pleasants, has lists orders for\n         cheese, mackerel, cotton, and whiskey. On October 31, 1832,\n         Judge Saunders, of \n         Lynchburg, Virginia, orders castor oil,\n         ointment, and a syringe. Accounts which mention tea are rare\n         but there is an undated fragment of Mr. \n         James Daviswhich contains an entry for\n         imperial tea. There is an undated \"memorandum of brandy\" taken\n         from Mrs. Eubank.","The accounts of \n         Williams Wattsspan 1752-1797. There is\n         also a hotel account with \n         Charles Williamsonwith entries dating\n         1763, 1773, and 1774. There are accounts for the boarding,\n         clothing, and feeding of Negro boys with Mrs. \n         Betty Tuckerand \n         Betty Kirkland, both beginning September\n         10, 1767, and Capt. \n         Joseph Tucker, 1767-1769. Watts has\n         accounts, 1768, with \n         John Brittanfor a waistcoat, shoes,\n         stockings, and a hat. There is a 1769 account for various\n         building supplies. Watts also has an account, beginning April\n         20, 1771, with \n         Miller Woodsonwith an entry of May 16,\n         1772 listing a \n         Patrick Henry. There is a document which\n         contains information on the estate of \n         William Randolph. There is another\n         lodging account, July 26, 1773 through December 3, 1776, of\n         Watts with \n         Charles Williams. There is an account\n         beginning March 9, 1778, with \n         William Kirklandwhich includes listings\n         for tuition and educational books. A January 10, 1780 account\n         with \n         Frederick Nancementions a violin and a\n         set of strings. There is an account, beginning December 21,\n         1787, with \n         Robert Wilsonordering Hyson Tea, coffee,\n         and a bottle of snuff. From a 1791 account of \n         Edward McDonaldwith \n         William Watts, there is the note of the\n         hire of a Negro. From a 1792 account of \n         Charles Smith, there is a note for the\n         finding of a Negro woman and for the inspecting of tobacco.\n         There are two medical bills, one with \n         George Martin, beginning January 14,\n         1794, and one with Doctor \n         Graham, beginning November 3, 1795. In\n         October 1797, Watts had an account with \n         George Quillefor the hire of a Negro.\n         There is an undated account of \n         W. Walter Spencewith Watts for the hire\n         of a Negro for eight months.","Promissory notes and receipts range from 1754-1905, n.d.\n         There are several items concerned with the estate of \n         John Flemingand include an entry for\n         February 1764 for a Negro bought for $10. Between \n         George Martinand Watts there is an\n         agreement, October 3, 1794, mentioning the purchase of red\n         wheat and the hire of a Negro woman. \n         James Davishas a note dated 1803 with the\n         Sheriff of \n         Amherst Countyfor tax on four Negroes,\n         four horses, and five tithes. \n         Elizabeth Davishas a note dated 1816 for\n         tax on three Negroes and one horse. There is a note from\n         December 6, 1827 pertaining to a $5 bond for the hire of a\n         Negro man by \n         James Davisfrom \n         J. Wrightfor \n         Lavinia Wright. There is a 1840 note from\n         Charles Davisto the Sheriff of \n         Amherstfor tax on six Negroes and six\n         horses.","Legal Papers","There are a number of court memoranda, 1768-1786, n.d.,\n         kept by \n         William Wattsin his capacity as a lawyer.\n         In a November 10, 1771 memo for the \n         Buckingham Countycourt, there is an entry\n         for detinue for Negro woman named \n         Agge. From the memo for the April 1772\n         court at \n         Lunenburg County, \n         Thomas Taylorand his wife have a suit\n         against a Hurt for a Negro in \n         Amelia. There is also a list of debts\n         owed to Watts for the year 1794. Dating 1771 through 1782,\n         there are court dockets from \n         Amelia Countyand \n         Lunenburg Countyfrom 1771-1782. A number\n         of the entries have Watts as the litigant. There is a 1773 day\n         book with the signatures of William and \n         Edward Watts, which includes a record of \n         William Watts' court expenses. There are\n         also legal day books, 1772-1773, of Watts, with entries for \n         Buckingham County, \n         Amelia, \n         Cumberland County, and \n         Prince Edward Countyas well as for \n         Williamsburg, Virginia. There is another\n         1773 memorandum book of Watts with entries for \n         Amelia County, \n         Cumberland County, and \n         Buckingham County.","The indentures date 1749-1788, n.d. From January 1, 1763,\n         there is an agreement between \n         Benjamin Tambroand \n         Ayres Hodnettof \n         Buckinghamin regard to the former's son, \n         John Tambro, to be apprentice to the\n         latter for seven years. From March 28, 1774, there is an\n         indenture between Watts and \n         William Ford. From September 17, 1768,\n         there is an agreement between \n         Abraham Westand \n         John Blankenshipof \n         Prince Edward. On November 17, 1772,\n         there is an agreement between \n         John Lewallenof \n         Amelia Countyand \n         James and Robert Donalds and Company,\n         Merchants of \n         Glasgow. On September 15, 1778, there is\n         an agreement between \n         David Wrightof \n         Botetourtand \n         Alexander Paineof the same concerning a\n         land dispute in the area where the \n         Roanoke Riverand \n         Tinker Creek.","The will, December 25, 1745, of \n         Thomas Pattersonof \n         Albemarle County, names his slaves and\n         divides them among his children and wife, and requests that\n         his land in \n         Goochland Countybe known as \n         \"Locust Thicket.\"Margery Hinshawcontested the will of \n         Samuel Hinshawdated March 1758 with \n         [Cedw] Gibsonon July 10, 1765. Hinshaw\n         had divided his slaves between his still living wife, his\n         daughter \n         Elizabeth Hinshaw, and the latter's\n         children. This situation involved a slave of Elizabeth. The\n         will of \n         Thomas Bottomof \n         Ameliadated May 10, 1760 divides his\n         slaves which are named between his three daughters.","A folder of general legal papers date 1765-1903, n.d. The\n         inventory and appraisal, 1826, of the estate of \n         John Eubankmentions prices for his\n         Negroes: £300 for a man named \n         Jacob, £200 for a man named \n         Joe, £10 for a woman named \n         Hannah, £20 for a girl named \n         Lolly, and £0 for a girl named\n         Caroline. There is also a list of tickets\n         of ommission paid by \n         William Watts, attorney. Among the legal\n         papers of \n         Amelia County, 1768 through 1789\n         including undated material, a document dated May 15, 1783\n         states that \n         Sarah Tinkeron December 6, 1781 gave her\n         son-in-law \n         John Tuckeran ailing Negro named \n         Neduntil the latter gets well whereas he\n         will be returned to \n         Sarah Tucker. In an undated document, \n         George Vaughnyields up title/right of two\n         Negroes--named \n         Frankand \n         Phoebe--to son-in-law \n         John Norris--formerly given to grandson \n         John Norrisby a deed dated October 2,\n         1796: \"said slaves will forever defend me from my heirs.\" The\n         son-in-law Norris will pay Vaughn or wife £10\n         annually for preformance of the aforesaid act. Among the \n         Campbell Countypapers, Justice \n         Adam Clementsays that \n         Charles Gilbertof \n         Campbellon April 29, 1787 makes oath that\n         Negro slave \n         Jack--property of Watts of \n         Prince Edward County--ran away and was\n         found 50 miles thence. Among the legal papers of \n         Prince Edward, \n         Edward Wattssold to \n         William Wattseight Negro slaves: \n         True, \n         James, \n         Winnie, \n         Peter, \n         Sarah, \n         Betty, \n         Rachel, and \n         Docon January 14, 1787. There is also a\n         account of Dr. \n         M. John Kingwith the sheriff of \n         Lunenburgwhich has an entry dating 1769:\n         the former is in account with \n         [John] Eppsfor four lbs. of tobacco at\n         £0.5.1.","Miscellaneous","Among the Advertisements there is an advertisement dated\n         September 20, 1871 from the \n         Omaha, Nebraska Lotteryfor the building\n         of a public library in the city. A broadside from \n         Cox and Sons Church Furnitureshows a\n         garish stained-glass window commemorating the late President \n         James Garfield. There is an undated\n         letter to Mrs. \n         Fleming Saundersasking for a subscription\n         to the \n         Graphic,a ladies society\n         magazine. There is an undated list of books from \n         George Munro, Publishers. There is also a\n         broadside for \"The World's Christmas Hymn\"--an analogy of\n         English poetry pertaining to \n         Christ's birth dating from the medieval\n         period.","The church related papers include a letter, March 21, 1904,\n         from \n         Virginia Polytechnic Instituteto the \n         Saundersasking for aid for the building of\n         an Episcopal parsonage at the university. The letter\n         enunciates a fear of the danger of Episcopal boys being weaned\n         from their faith by the compulsory attendance at the services\n         of other sects due to the absence of a Episcopal parsonage.\n         There is also an Episcopal \"Church Kalendar,\" 1882-1883,\n         listing holy days with information on the faith, church\n         service, and background of the Anglican/Episcopalian\n         faith.","Civil War papers range from 1861 to 1864. During 1862-1864,\n         there are a number of furloughs issued to \n         Confederateenlisted men in \n         Virginia, each with a physical\n         description of the bearer, and addressed \"to all whom it may\n         concern.\" On August 10, 1862, there is a provision return for\n         a company of the \n         13th Regiment of Pennsylvania volunteers.\n         There are also a number of CSA \"special requisitions\", chiefly\n         ordering clothing, shoes, and blankets, most signed by Captain\n         Fleming Saunders, assistant\n         quartermaster, of Company K, Virginia Regiment.","The educational papers range from 1848-1903, n.d. There is\n         a page from a 1848 French edition of the fables of La Fontaine\n         from the \"Academie de Norfolk.\" There is an \n         \"Educational Treatise on the Constitution\",\n         September 6, 1877, by \n         John Randolph Tuckerof \n         Virginia. There is a 1892-1893 brochure\n         for the \n         Edgeworth School, a church-related\n         boarding and day school for females. There is the fall term\n         1895 grade report from \n         Virginia Polytechnic Institute(formerly \n         Virginia Agriculture and Mechanical\n         College) for \n         Fleming Saunders, III. There is a fall\n         term 1902 grade report from \n         Hollins Collegefor \n         Elsie Saunders. There is another VPI\n         grade report, from February 1903, for \n         Carter Temple Saunders. There is a report\n         from \n         St. Timothy's Schoolof \n         Catonsville, Maryland. Another undated\n         piece is a \"rules for spelling\" sheet from a grammar book.\n         There are also undated fragments of Latin, French, and\n         algebra.","There are lectures, essays, and poems, 1794, 1818, 1843,\n         and n.d., including a scrap of a lecture dated September 6,\n         1794 from \n         Edward Watts; another lecture on motive\n         dated September 16, 1794; and, a series of oral essays from\n         1843.","Miscellaneous material, 1887-1892, includes a note of the\n         marriage of Capt. \n         Fleming Saundersto \n         Mary Gwathmeyon July 30.","The obituaries include a reprint of the 1858 obituary of \n         Fleming Saunders, Sr, a reprint of the\n         1867 obituary of Fleming, Sr.'s wife-- \n         Alice Fleming--and the 1904 obituary of \n         Peter Saunders. The obituaries of\n         Fleming, Sr. and Alice are panegyrics. The first two were\n         transcribed by \n         John Blair Dabney.","The photographs include an unidentified photograph of a\n         young member of the \n         Saunders familyand undated photo cards of\n         liturgical furniture.","Bound Volumes","The Day Books include a day book from \n         Maple Creek Millsdating from 1842. There\n         is a 1867 day book with one page filled, made of a cut\n         agricultural crop ledger. There is also in the book a pasted\n         in notice from the Adjuctant Inspector's Office in \n         Richmond, July 29, 1863. Dating January\n         18, 1872 is a subscription book for the \n         Lee Monumental Association. Also present\n         is a $1 donation from \n         Alex Berkeleyof \n         Yellow Branch, Virginia. There are also\n         farm journals dating 1855 through 1860.","A card game, 1846, called \"The Game of Kings made Easy\"\n         which is based on the kings of \n         Englandwho reigned down to its date, is\n         also present. The card for Henry V is missing. Many of the\n         cards contain information of the kings of an antiquarian\n         nature.","The Memorandum books, 1873-1874 and 1881-1894, owned by \n         Fleming Saunders, includes employees,\n         supplies, and construction information in the first volume.\n         The latter has a note at its end which mentions survey\n         data.","The \n         Otter River TownshipRecord Book dates\n         from 1870-1874. There are references to road building. An\n         entry for June 16, 1871 notes the ordering of \"tickets\" for\n         road tax and township levy. Also included are lists of\n         expenses for board members with lists of expenses for\n         materials bought. One entry notes that \n         B. H. Anthony, overseer of the poor,\n         sends three paupers--one white woman and two black woman--to\n         the poor house. Expenses for the poor house are noted. At 1874\n         and 1875 meetings, \n         Fleming Saundersis mentioned as road\n         overseer in certain districts.","See the \n            \n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy.","University of Virginia. Library. Special\n            Collections Dept.","Kingdom of God","Pleasant Milkhill","Bethel","Bleak Hills","Trinity and Ivy Chapel","The Grove","Wintore","Medici Chapel","\"Brothers of Pity\"","Randolph-Macon Academy","Bleak Hill","Hudson Lodge","Jubilee Singers","Parliament","Virgina Midland [Rail] Road","Franklin and Pittsylvania Railroad\n         Company","Emanuel Rectory","Grange","Democratic Party","Virginia House of Delegates","General Assembly","Blanford","Buchanan's Hartie and Company","Norfolk, Virginia","Northwest Territories","George Kippen \u0026 Co.","James and Robert Donalds and Company","\"Locust Thicket.\"","Omaha, Nebraska Lottery","Cox and Sons Church Furniture","George Munro, Publishers","Virginia Polytechnic Institute","Confederate","13th Regiment of Pennsylvania volunteers","Edgeworth School","Virginia Agriculture and Mechanical\n         College","Hollins College","St. Timothy's School","Maple Creek Mills","Lee Monumental Association","Otter River Township","Internal Revenue\n                  Service","New York Public\n                  Library","University of Virginia\n                  Volunteers","Davis Family","Saunders Family","Watts Family","Saunders","Saunders family","William H. Irvine","William Watts","Fleming Saunders","Frank Prufer","James Rayland","David","John Randolph","Sam Tyree","[Sam L. Preston?]","\"Carter\" [Saunders?]","Sam K. Jenny","William Green","Eva (Smith) Saunders","Fleming Saunders III","Eva Saunders","M. Natalie Manson","Donato","Brunelleschi","May Begg","Mary (Gwathmey) Saunders","Peter Saunders, Jr.","Jeanie Edmond","W. A. Alrich","C[harles] Dabney","Peter Saunders","Ellen Boulder","Mary Saunders","[Peter Saunders]","James F. Plummer","Edward Watts Saunders","William W. Old","E. W. Saunders","Alice [Saunders]","Virgil","Caesar","D. Saunders","Samuel Dilworth","Thomas Baldwin, Jr.","William Roach","Peter Kern","Arthur Campbell","Edward Graham","Horace","Cicero","Duncan Rose","George Hancock","[James] Madison","Creed Taylor","William Vannerson","Edward Randolph","Thomas F. Scott","John Watts","John Gilliam","A. Watts","Mary Petillo","William Skipwith","Thomas East","Archelaus Austin","Edward Watts","Nathaniel Davis","Jacob","James Davis","Daniel Warwick","Elizabeth Davis","Rowland P. Banks","Thomas Pleasants","Williams Watts","Charles Williamson","Betty Tucker","Betty Kirkland","Joseph Tucker","John Brittan","Miller Woodson","Patrick Henry","William Randolph","Charles Williams","William Kirkland","Frederick Nance","Robert Wilson","Edward McDonald","Charles Smith","George Martin","Graham","George Quille","W. Walter Spence","John Fleming","J. Wright","Lavinia Wright","Charles Davis","Agge","Thomas Taylor","Benjamin Tambro","Ayres Hodnett","John Tambro","William Ford","Abraham West","John Blankenship","John Lewallen","David Wright","Alexander Paine","Thomas Patterson","Margery Hinshaw","Samuel Hinshaw","[Cedw] Gibson","Elizabeth Hinshaw","Thomas Bottom","John Eubank","Joe","Hannah","Lolly","Caroline","Sarah Tinker","John Tucker","Ned","Sarah Tucker","George Vaughn","Frank","Phoebe","John Norris","Adam Clement","Charles Gilbert","Jack","True","James","Winnie","Peter","Sarah","Betty","Rachel","Doc","M. John King","[John] Epps","James Garfield","Christ","John Randolph Tucker","Fleming Saunders, III","Elsie Saunders","Carter Temple Saunders","Mary Gwathmey","Fleming Saunders, Sr","Alice Fleming","John Blair Dabney","Alex Berkeley","B. H. Anthony","Cary H. Gwathmey","Eva (Smith)\n                  Saunders.","Mary (Gwathmey)\n                  Saunders.","John Tabb","Fleming Saunders, Sr.","Alice W. Saunders","William Cowper","Eugene M. Cox","John B. Webb","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Irvine-Saunders Family Papers \n         1745-1910 Inclusive"],"collection_ssim":["Irvine-Saunders Family Papers \n         1745-1910 Inclusive"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Collection number 116"],"unitid_tesim":["Collection number 116"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Collector: \n         William H. Irvine"],"creator_ssim":["Collector: \n         William H. Irvine"],"creator_persname_ssim":["William H. Irvine","William Watts","Fleming Saunders","Frank Prufer","James Rayland","David","John Randolph","Sam Tyree","[Sam L. Preston?]","\"Carter\" [Saunders?]","Sam K. Jenny","William Green","Eva (Smith) Saunders","Fleming Saunders III","Eva Saunders","M. Natalie Manson","Donato","Brunelleschi","May Begg","Mary (Gwathmey) Saunders","Peter Saunders, Jr.","Jeanie Edmond","W. A. Alrich","C[harles] Dabney","Peter Saunders","Ellen Boulder","Mary Saunders","[Peter Saunders]","James F. Plummer","Edward Watts Saunders","William W. Old","E. W. Saunders","Alice [Saunders]","Virgil","Caesar","D. Saunders","Samuel Dilworth","Thomas Baldwin, Jr.","William Roach","Peter Kern","Arthur Campbell","Edward Graham","Horace","Cicero","Duncan Rose","George Hancock","[James] Madison","Creed Taylor","William Vannerson","Edward Randolph","Thomas F. Scott","John Watts","John Gilliam","A. Watts","Mary Petillo","William Skipwith","Thomas East","Archelaus Austin","Edward Watts","Nathaniel Davis","Jacob","James Davis","Daniel Warwick","Elizabeth Davis","Rowland P. Banks","Thomas Pleasants","Williams Watts","Charles Williamson","Betty Tucker","Betty Kirkland","Joseph Tucker","John Brittan","Miller Woodson","Patrick Henry","William Randolph","Charles Williams","William Kirkland","Frederick Nance","Robert Wilson","Edward McDonald","Charles Smith","George Martin","Graham","George Quille","W. Walter Spence","John Fleming","J. Wright","Lavinia Wright","Charles Davis","Agge","Thomas Taylor","Benjamin Tambro","Ayres Hodnett","John Tambro","William Ford","Abraham West","John Blankenship","John Lewallen","David Wright","Alexander Paine","Thomas Patterson","Margery Hinshaw","Samuel Hinshaw","[Cedw] Gibson","Elizabeth Hinshaw","Thomas Bottom","John Eubank","Joe","Hannah","Lolly","Caroline","Sarah Tinker","John Tucker","Ned","Sarah Tucker","George Vaughn","Frank","Phoebe","John Norris","Adam Clement","Charles Gilbert","Jack","True","James","Winnie","Peter","Sarah","Betty","Rachel","Doc","M. John King","[John] Epps","James Garfield","Christ","John Randolph Tucker","Fleming Saunders, III","Elsie Saunders","Carter Temple Saunders","Mary Gwathmey","Fleming Saunders, Sr","Alice Fleming","John Blair Dabney","Alex Berkeley","B. H. Anthony","Cary H. Gwathmey","Eva (Smith)\n                  Saunders.","Mary (Gwathmey)\n                  Saunders.","John Tabb","Fleming Saunders, Sr.","Alice W. Saunders","William Cowper","Eugene M. Cox","John B. Webb"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["University of Virginia. Library. Special\n            Collections Dept.","Kingdom of God","Pleasant Milkhill","Bethel","Bleak Hills","Trinity and Ivy Chapel","The Grove","Wintore","Medici Chapel","\"Brothers of Pity\"","Randolph-Macon Academy","Bleak Hill","Hudson Lodge","Jubilee Singers","Parliament","Virgina Midland [Rail] Road","Franklin and Pittsylvania Railroad\n         Company","Emanuel Rectory","Grange","Democratic Party","Virginia House of Delegates","General Assembly","Blanford","Buchanan's Hartie and Company","Norfolk, Virginia","Northwest Territories","George Kippen \u0026 Co.","James and Robert Donalds and Company","\"Locust Thicket.\"","Omaha, Nebraska Lottery","Cox and Sons Church Furniture","George Munro, Publishers","Virginia Polytechnic Institute","Confederate","13th Regiment of Pennsylvania volunteers","Edgeworth School","Virginia Agriculture and Mechanical\n         College","Hollins College","St. Timothy's School","Maple Creek Mills","Lee Monumental Association","Otter River Township","Internal Revenue\n                  Service","New York Public\n                  Library","University of Virginia\n                  Volunteers"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Davis Family","Saunders Family","Watts Family","Saunders","Saunders family"],"creators_ssim":["William H. Irvine","William Watts","Fleming Saunders","Frank Prufer","James Rayland","David","John Randolph","Sam Tyree","[Sam L. Preston?]","\"Carter\" [Saunders?]","Sam K. Jenny","William Green","Eva (Smith) Saunders","Fleming Saunders III","Eva Saunders","M. Natalie Manson","Donato","Brunelleschi","May Begg","Mary (Gwathmey) Saunders","Peter Saunders, Jr.","Jeanie Edmond","W. A. Alrich","C[harles] Dabney","Peter Saunders","Ellen Boulder","Mary Saunders","[Peter Saunders]","James F. Plummer","Edward Watts Saunders","William W. Old","E. W. Saunders","Alice [Saunders]","Virgil","Caesar","D. Saunders","Samuel Dilworth","Thomas Baldwin, Jr.","William Roach","Peter Kern","Arthur Campbell","Edward Graham","Horace","Cicero","Duncan Rose","George Hancock","[James] Madison","Creed Taylor","William Vannerson","Edward Randolph","Thomas F. Scott","John Watts","John Gilliam","A. Watts","Mary Petillo","William Skipwith","Thomas East","Archelaus Austin","Edward Watts","Nathaniel Davis","Jacob","James Davis","Daniel Warwick","Elizabeth Davis","Rowland P. Banks","Thomas Pleasants","Williams Watts","Charles Williamson","Betty Tucker","Betty Kirkland","Joseph Tucker","John Brittan","Miller Woodson","Patrick Henry","William Randolph","Charles Williams","William Kirkland","Frederick Nance","Robert Wilson","Edward McDonald","Charles Smith","George Martin","Graham","George Quille","W. Walter Spence","John Fleming","J. Wright","Lavinia Wright","Charles Davis","Agge","Thomas Taylor","Benjamin Tambro","Ayres Hodnett","John Tambro","William Ford","Abraham West","John Blankenship","John Lewallen","David Wright","Alexander Paine","Thomas Patterson","Margery Hinshaw","Samuel Hinshaw","[Cedw] Gibson","Elizabeth Hinshaw","Thomas Bottom","John Eubank","Joe","Hannah","Lolly","Caroline","Sarah Tinker","John Tucker","Ned","Sarah Tucker","George Vaughn","Frank","Phoebe","John Norris","Adam Clement","Charles Gilbert","Jack","True","James","Winnie","Peter","Sarah","Betty","Rachel","Doc","M. John King","[John] Epps","James Garfield","Christ","John Randolph Tucker","Fleming Saunders, III","Elsie Saunders","Carter Temple Saunders","Mary Gwathmey","Fleming Saunders, Sr","Alice Fleming","John Blair Dabney","Alex Berkeley","B. H. Anthony","Cary H. Gwathmey","Eva (Smith)\n                  Saunders.","Mary (Gwathmey)\n                  Saunders.","John Tabb","Fleming Saunders, Sr.","Alice W. Saunders","William Cowper","Eugene M. Cox","John B. Webb","University of Virginia. Library. Special\n            Collections Dept.","Kingdom of God","Pleasant Milkhill","Bethel","Bleak Hills","Trinity and Ivy Chapel","The Grove","Wintore","Medici Chapel","\"Brothers of Pity\"","Randolph-Macon Academy","Bleak Hill","Hudson Lodge","Jubilee Singers","Parliament","Virgina Midland [Rail] Road","Franklin and Pittsylvania Railroad\n         Company","Emanuel Rectory","Grange","Democratic Party","Virginia House of Delegates","General Assembly","Blanford","Buchanan's Hartie and Company","Norfolk, Virginia","Northwest Territories","George Kippen \u0026 Co.","James and Robert Donalds and Company","\"Locust Thicket.\"","Omaha, Nebraska Lottery","Cox and Sons Church Furniture","George Munro, Publishers","Virginia Polytechnic Institute","Confederate","13th Regiment of Pennsylvania volunteers","Edgeworth School","Virginia Agriculture and Mechanical\n         College","Hollins College","St. Timothy's School","Maple Creek Mills","Lee Monumental Association","Otter River Township","Internal Revenue\n                  Service","New York Public\n                  Library","University of Virginia\n                  Volunteers","Davis Family","Saunders Family","Watts Family","Saunders","Saunders family"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection (# \n            116) was loaned to the Library\n            by \n            William H. Irvineof \n            Evington, Virginiaon September 15,\n            1938."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["2100 items"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIrvine-Saunders Family\n            Papers, Accession 116, Special Collections Department, University of\n         Virginia Library\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["Irvine-Saunders Family\n            Papers, Accession 116, Special Collections Department, University of\n         Virginia Library"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFunded in part by a grant from the National Endowment\n            for the Humanities\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Funding Note"],"processinfo_tesim":["Funded in part by a grant from the National Endowment\n            for the Humanities"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection, 1745-1910, n.d., of ca. 2100 items,\n         consists of correspondence, business and legal papers,\n         miscellaneous, and bound volumes, pertaining to the \n         \u003cfamname\u003eDavis Family\u003c/famname\u003e, \n         \u003cfamname\u003eSaunders Family\u003c/famname\u003e, and \n         \u003cfamname\u003eWatts Family\u003c/famname\u003e. Large portions of the\n         correspondence belong to \n         \u003cpersname\u003eWilliam Watts\u003c/persname\u003eand \n         \u003cpersname\u003eFleming Saunders\u003c/persname\u003e. Included with the\n         correspondence is a letterbook, 1873-1880, of \n         \u003cpersname\u003eFrank Prufer\u003c/persname\u003e. The business papers include\n         accounts, bonds, correspondence, and notes and receipts,\n         chiefly pertaining to \n         \u003cpersname\u003eWilliam Watts\u003c/persname\u003eand \n         \u003cpersname\u003eFleming Saunders\u003c/persname\u003e, but also various\n         members of these families. The legal papers include court\n         dockets and memoranda of \n         \u003cpersname\u003eWilliam Watts\u003c/persname\u003e, documents, and wills.\n         There are various legal papers of \n         \u003cpersname\u003eWilliam Watts\u003c/persname\u003epertaining to \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eVirginia\u003c/geogname\u003ecounties including \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eAmelia County\u003c/geogname\u003e, \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eAmherst County\u003c/geogname\u003e, \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eBuckingham County\u003c/geogname\u003e, \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eCampbell County\u003c/geogname\u003e, \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eCumberland County\u003c/geogname\u003e, \n         \u003cgeogname\u003ePrince Edward County\u003c/geogname\u003e. The miscellaneous\n         material includes advertisements, educational papers,\n         photographs, printed, religious papers, and fragments. The\n         bound volumes include day books, a blacksmith book, a farm\n         journal, memorandum books, and a township record. Folders are\n         arranged alphabetically within each series, with material\n         inside arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eFrom the correspondence of the \n         \u003cfamname\u003eDavis Family\u003c/famname\u003e, \n         \u003cfamname\u003eSaunders Family\u003c/famname\u003e, and related families,\n         1800-1856, there is a letter addressed to \"Sully,\" December\n         30, 1800, from \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eLouisa County\u003c/geogname\u003e, which advises the\n         recipient, who had asked for religious instruction, to seek\n         the \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eKingdom of God\u003c/corpname\u003e. A letter dated April 2,\n         1812 from \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJames Rayland\u003c/persname\u003eto his sister mentions that\n         his cousin is strapped for cash, and asks if the recipient can\n         help him. A rather unusual letter, dating July 24, 1836, from \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eMount Pleasant\u003c/geogname\u003e, indicates that \"Mary\n         thinks a little Brandy would be of service to her,\" and\n         requests that some be sent to her. A letter written to Captain\n         Davis on January 9, 1844, mentions that \n         \u003ccorpname\u003ePleasant Milkhill\u003c/corpname\u003eneeds brandy, and asks\n         that it be sent with \n         \u003cpersname\u003eDavid\u003c/persname\u003e(probably a slave) for there is none\n         at \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eBethel\u003c/corpname\u003e. A letter dating November 6, 1856\n         at \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eBleak Hills\u003c/corpname\u003emakes a reference to \"Roanoke\"\n         [Roanoke County, or \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJohn Randolph\u003c/persname\u003e's estate \"Roanoke\"?].\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eFrom their correspondence dating 1862-1904, there is a\n         letter to \n         \u003cpersname\u003eSam Tyree\u003c/persname\u003e, Esq, July 17, 1870 from [his]\n         student: \n         \u003cpersname\u003e[Sam L. Preston?]\u003c/persname\u003ecomplaining that he can\n         not attend sunday school because of prostration. There is also\n         a letter dated April 8, 1901 from \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eTrinity and Ivy Chapel\u003c/corpname\u003ein \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eBoonsboro, Bedford County\u003c/geogname\u003eto a Mr.\n         Randolph inviting him to preach there every other Sunday.\n         There is also an undated fragment referring to a comet the\n         size of a full moon and a meteor shower which \"will be a sight\n         to see.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eAmong the families' undated correspondence, is a letter\n         dated November 17 to \n         \u003cpersname\u003e\"Carter\" [Saunders?]\u003c/persname\u003e, by a female who\n         mentions [her] children's Latin lessons. There is another\n         letter to a Miss Kerr which mentions a recipe for Tongue a la\n         Mode. There is also a letter, dated October 23, [1805?], from\n         a \n         \u003cpersname\u003eSam K. Jenny\u003c/persname\u003e, probably a doctor of\n         medicine, which mentions that \n         \u003cpersname\u003eWilliam Green\u003c/persname\u003eattended a man named\n         Barnhart to \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eBedford\u003c/geogname\u003eso Jenny could prescribe to his\n         case and that he \"forbad the case of ardent spirits.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eFrom the correspondence of \n         \u003cpersname\u003eEva (Smith) Saunders\u003c/persname\u003e, dated 1868-1894,\n         there is a letter, February 24, 1889, from \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eThe Grove\u003c/corpname\u003ewhich mentions that while Eva\n         passed her exams--her brother \n         \u003cpersname\u003eFleming Saunders III\u003c/persname\u003edid not. A letter,\n         August 2, 1892, to \n         \u003cpersname\u003eEva Saunders\u003c/persname\u003efrom \n         \u003cpersname\u003eM. Natalie Manson\u003c/persname\u003e, at \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eWintore\u003c/corpname\u003e, speaks of school and Latin.\n         There is an interesting letter, December 10, 1893, from \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eFlorence, Italy\u003c/geogname\u003eto Eva, mentioning that\n         there is no silver in \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eItaly\u003c/geogname\u003efor the English and French are\n         buying it up, that \"Coppers are such a bother, and so heavy to\n         carry,\" seeing the works of \n         \u003cpersname\u003eDonato\u003c/persname\u003eand \n         \u003cpersname\u003eBrunelleschi\u003c/persname\u003eand the \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eMedici Chapel\u003c/corpname\u003e, and the \n         \u003ccorpname\u003e\"Brothers of Pity\"\u003c/corpname\u003ewho wear black robes\n         and carry a corpse which \"made my blood turn cold.\" There is a\n         letter, January 13, 1894, to Eva, which mentions sending a\n         book to \n         \u003cpersname\u003eMay Begg\u003c/persname\u003e, \"a literary courtship under the\n         auspices of \n         \u003cgeogname\u003ePike's Peak\u003c/geogname\u003e. \" \n         \u003cpersname\u003eFleming Saunders III\u003c/persname\u003eat \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eRandolph-Macon Academy\u003c/corpname\u003ein \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eBedford\u003c/geogname\u003ewrites to Eva on May 15, 1894,\n         saying he tried to get a tennis tournament for field day, and\n         congratulates Eva on her chicken raising and hopes his are\n         doing better.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eAmong the \n         \u003cpersname\u003eEva Saunders\u003c/persname\u003eundated correspondence, there\n         is a fragment which notes that Miss Begg sent to its writer a\n         little book called \"The greatest thing in the World.\" A letter\n         dated November 26 to Eva contains drawings of women's blouses\n         and concerns her ordered blouses.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eFrom the correspondence of \n         \u003cpersname\u003eFleming Saunders\u003c/persname\u003eand \n         \u003cpersname\u003eMary (Gwathmey) Saunders\u003c/persname\u003e, 1858-1879, a\n         letter dated September 5, 1871, from \n         \u003cpersname\u003ePeter Saunders, Jr.\u003c/persname\u003e, \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eBleak Hill\u003c/corpname\u003e, says that his tobacco crop\n         has suffered. Another letter, April 17, 1874, from \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJeanie Edmond\u003c/persname\u003e, \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eHudson Lodge\u003c/corpname\u003e, makes a reference to the \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eJubilee Singers\u003c/corpname\u003etraveling to raise money\n         for a \"slave college somewhere in the Northern States\"; to\n         acquaintances visiting \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eEngland\u003c/geogname\u003e, mentioning a \"public worship\n         bill\" in \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eParliament\u003c/corpname\u003e, and one acquaintance having\n         an appointment with the Bishop of \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eMelbourne\u003c/geogname\u003e; and to visiting \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eAustralia\u003c/geogname\u003e. In a postcard dated August 21,\n         1879, \n         \u003cpersname\u003eW. A. Alrich\u003c/persname\u003easks \n         \u003cpersname\u003eFleming Saunders\u003c/persname\u003e' opinion as to the next\n         \"services\" in \"regular course,\" and saying that it best not to\n         alter rotation as \"last service was omitted.\" He also mentions\n         that Mrs. \n         \u003cpersname\u003eC[harles] Dabney\u003c/persname\u003ehas a fine little\n         daughter.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn the Fleming and Mary Saunders correspondence, 1880-1892,\n         there is a letter dated March 3, 1880 from M. Caden to\n         Saunders stating that he can not board a minister, but will\n         give the same salary as before. \n         \u003cpersname\u003ePeter Saunders\u003c/persname\u003ewrites from \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eBleak Hill\u003c/corpname\u003eon January 19, 1881 saying that\n         he has no specific desire to be a director on the \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eVirgina Midland [Rail] Road\u003c/corpname\u003e, and does not\n         think he could get the appointment anyway; he is still a\n         director on the \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eFranklin and Pittsylvania Railroad\n         Company\u003c/corpname\u003e, and fears a possible conflict of interest.\n         \u003cpersname\u003eW. A. Alrich\u003c/persname\u003ewrites from \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eEmanuel Rectory\u003c/corpname\u003e, \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eChatham, Virginia\u003c/geogname\u003e, on February 16, 1882,\n         saying he is glad that the \n         \u003cfamname\u003eSaunders\u003c/famname\u003e' keep up the old St. Valentine's\n         Day tradition, by sending so practical a token of affection. \n         \u003cpersname\u003eEllen Boulder\u003c/persname\u003e, a school teacher, writes\n         to \n         \u003cpersname\u003eMary Saunders\u003c/persname\u003efrom \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eDrake's Branch\u003c/geogname\u003eon March 18, 1889,\n         mentioning a five month school term ending on March 1st and a\n         June 23 to July 23 summer session. \n         \u003cpersname\u003e[Peter Saunders]\u003c/persname\u003e, \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eBleak Hill\u003c/corpname\u003e, writes \n         \u003cpersname\u003eFleming Saunders\u003c/persname\u003e, on October 26, 1891\n         mentioning Republican elements in the \"alliance\" [farmers'\n         alliance such as the \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eGrange\u003c/corpname\u003e?].\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn the Fleming and Mary Saunders correspondence, 1893-1900,\n         \u003cpersname\u003eFleming Saunders III\u003c/persname\u003ewrites to his parents\n         from \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eRandolph-Macon Academy\u003c/corpname\u003ein \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eBedford\u003c/geogname\u003eon March 14, 1893, saying that he\n         is in the Baptist Church in the morning and the Methodist in\n         the afternoon, and tells of boys who spend more time with the\n         girls than studying. \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJames F. Plummer\u003c/persname\u003ewrites to Captain\n         Saunders on March 29, 1893, [from a theological seminary?],\n         saying that exams are beginning, and implying that knowledge\n         of Hebrew and Apologetics will be next among those things\n         tested. \n         \u003cpersname\u003ePeter Saunders\u003c/persname\u003ewrites to Fleming from \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eBleak Hill\u003c/corpname\u003e, on March 30, 1894, mentioning\n         the Bland Bill and the fear that its veto would cause discord\n         in the \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eDemocratic Party\u003c/corpname\u003e, and discussing briefly\n         possible effects on the present financial situation.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn the Fleming and Mary Saunders correspondence, 1901-1910,\n         there is a letter, July 19, 1901, from \n         \u003cpersname\u003eEdward Watts Saunders\u003c/persname\u003e, while serving in\n         the \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eVirginia House of Delegates\u003c/corpname\u003e. \n         \u003cpersname\u003eWilliam W. Old\u003c/persname\u003ewrites to Fleming on\n         February 2, 1903 about a land sale and his agreement to sell\n         the land as a whole parcel to two black men, and suggesting a\n         method of finalizing the transaction. \n         \u003cpersname\u003eE. W. Saunders\u003c/persname\u003ewrites to Fleming on\n         January 21, 1904 mentioning an inquiry about his land near\n         \"Vic. Muse.\" A letter, [March 1904], from \n         \u003cpersname\u003eAlice [Saunders]\u003c/persname\u003eat \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eHollins, Virginia\u003c/geogname\u003e, to her aunt Saunders\n         refers to the Roman poet \n         \u003cpersname\u003eVirgil\u003c/persname\u003e. She writes to her mother on March\n         12, 1904 mentioning that John [ ] had failed in \n         \u003cpersname\u003eCaesar\u003c/persname\u003eand that he had been in the second\n         book of \n         \u003cpersname\u003eVirgil\u003c/persname\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn the undated Fleming and Mary Saunders correspondence, \n         \u003cpersname\u003eD. Saunders\u003c/persname\u003ewrites to his mother from \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eRandolph-Macon Academy\u003c/corpname\u003eon February 10,\n         saying that he is learning German and is plagued by poor\n         spelling, and that the boys dance every night and were\n         previously boxing.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn the correspondence of \n         \u003cpersname\u003eWilliam Watts\u003c/persname\u003e, 1754-1784, there is a\n         letter dated June 27, 1771 which summons Watts to the \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eGeneral Assembly\u003c/corpname\u003ein \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eWilliamsburg\u003c/geogname\u003e. \n         \u003cpersname\u003eSamuel Dilworth\u003c/persname\u003ewrites on June 2, 1783\n         from \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eBlanford\u003c/corpname\u003ementioning the problem of\n         collecting debts owed to the British. \n         \u003cpersname\u003eThomas Baldwin, Jr.\u003c/persname\u003ewrites on December 22,\n         1784 concerning the purchase of \"the Negro Fellow\" for\n         $18.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn the Watts correspondence, 1785-1789, a letter, December\n         16, 1785, from \n         \u003cpersname\u003eWilliam Roach\u003c/persname\u003einforms Watts that while \n         \u003cpersname\u003ePeter Kern\u003c/persname\u003eis employing Watts in a matter\n         between Kern and Roach, Watts is to plead for Roach in all\n         matters, suggesting a conflict of interest. \n         \u003cpersname\u003eArthur Campbell\u003c/persname\u003e, a candidate for the\n         senate from the Western Distict, writes, on March 24, 1788,\n         asking for Watts' support. \n         \u003cpersname\u003eEdward Graham\u003c/persname\u003eof \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eBedford\u003c/geogname\u003e, writes on December 20, 1792,\n         mentioning that he saw the Watts' son reading \n         \u003cpersname\u003eHorace\u003c/persname\u003eand sending the boy a copy of \n         \u003cpersname\u003eCicero\u003c/persname\u003ewhich would supply \"the means of\n         raising him as high in eminence as you could reasonably wish,\"\n         and adding that the boy will need to learn Greek as he will\n         soon be studying science.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn the Watts correspondence, 1793-1794, \n         \u003cpersname\u003eDuncan Rose\u003c/persname\u003ewrites from \n         \u003cgeogname\u003ePetersburg\u003c/geogname\u003e, on July 8, 1794, stating that\n         \u003ccorpname\u003eBuchanan's Hartie and Company\u003c/corpname\u003ehas been\n         doing business in \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eGreat Britain\u003c/geogname\u003eand is waiting for a\n         successor to Hartie to be appointed before certain books could\n         be examined by Rose. Another letter pertains to relations with\n         \u003cgeogname\u003eFrance\u003c/geogname\u003eand \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eBritain\u003c/geogname\u003eat this time: \n         \u003cpersname\u003eGeorge Hancock\u003c/persname\u003ewrites to Watts in 1794\n         mentioning the rearing of a navy \"to repel the insult to our\n         ploy,\" referring to commerce restriction [on American goods]\n         by a nation which does not have a commerce treaty with the\n         U.S., and referring to Mr. \n         \u003cpersname\u003e[James] Madison\u003c/persname\u003e's arguments whereas he\n         conducted himself in a manner worthy of himself. \n         \u003cpersname\u003eCreed Taylor\u003c/persname\u003ewrites on May 11, 1795,\n         concerning some bonds. \n         \u003cpersname\u003eWilliam Vannerson\u003c/persname\u003ewrites, on October 30,\n         1795, from \n         \u003cgeogname\u003ePetersburg\u003c/geogname\u003ementioning a British war sloop\n         in \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eNorfolk, Virginia\u003c/corpname\u003eand the order for\n         carrying American bottoms bound for \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eFrance\u003c/geogname\u003einto British ports with invoice\n         being revoked, revealing that some say that this retaliation\n         has been brought about by Americans invoicing their flour at\n         $27 per barrel.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn Watts' correspondence with \n         \u003cpersname\u003eEdward Randolph\u003c/persname\u003e, 1796-1797, Randolph\n         writes from \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eRichmond\u003c/geogname\u003eon February 21 and March 13, 1796\n         on the subject of British creditors. In Watts' correspondence\n         with \n         \u003cpersname\u003eThomas F. Scott\u003c/persname\u003e, 1792-1798, Scott writes\n         on January 4, 1796 and December 18, 1798 on the subject of\n         British debts. In the correspondence of \n         \u003cpersname\u003eWilliam Watts\u003c/persname\u003ewith \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJohn Watts\u003c/persname\u003e, 1784-1800, John writes to\n         William in April 1784 from \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eLincoln County, Virginia\u003c/geogname\u003e(now \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eKentucky\u003c/geogname\u003e), concerning apprehension about\n         a possible Indian war in the \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eNorthwest Territories\u003c/corpname\u003e. John says that\n         while the lands in \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eKentucky\u003c/geogname\u003eare good, the inconveniences are\n         many, and that the doomsayers will probably prevent the\n         surveying of lands on the northwest side of the Ohio.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eBusiness Papers\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThere are general accounts, 1751-1899, n.d. An account,\n         beginning November 16, 1762, with \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eGeorge Kippen \u0026amp; Co.\u003c/corpname\u003eat their store in \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eGoochland, Virginia\u003c/geogname\u003e, lists \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJohn Gilliam\u003c/persname\u003eas having ordered a dozen\n         flints, 3/4 yard of bearskin, and a dozen pipes. There is a\n         list, April 20, 1763, pertaining to the estate of \n         \u003cpersname\u003eA. Watts\u003c/persname\u003e, on which is listed a\n         £0.2.0 debt to \n         \u003cpersname\u003eMary Petillo\u003c/persname\u003e, the only woman on the list,\n         and a £2.4.9 debt to Sir \n         \u003cpersname\u003eWilliam Skipwith\u003c/persname\u003e. The account of \n         \u003cpersname\u003eThomas East\u003c/persname\u003ewith \n         \u003cpersname\u003eArchelaus Austin\u003c/persname\u003efrom November 15, 1771,\n         consists of beer, wine, grog, and a gallon of corn, with one\n         entry \"to saging one night\" perhaps pertaining to the making\n         of moonshine. An account, beginning January 20, 1775, of N[ ]\n         Vaughn with \n         \u003cpersname\u003eEdward Watts\u003c/persname\u003elists various quantities of\n         rum, molasses, and sugar. There are several accounts,\n         1779-1794, of the estate of \n         \u003cpersname\u003eNathaniel Davis\u003c/persname\u003e, including an entry for\n         1784 for three yards of woollen for a Negro jacket, and May 9,\n         1784 for half of hire of \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJacob\u003c/persname\u003e. There is a section, \"Accts\n         Overlooked,\" from 1784, which refers to tobacco being a share\n         and half share for \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJacob\u003c/persname\u003e, and another for dinner at the\n         courthouse when on business. There is an account of \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJames Davis\u003c/persname\u003ewith \n         \u003cpersname\u003eDaniel Warwick\u003c/persname\u003e, dating 1799-1803, with\n         references to a variety of items including coffee, sewing\n         materials, dinner ware, alcohol, and accessories. Mrs. \n         \u003cpersname\u003eElizabeth Davis\u003c/persname\u003e' account beginning May\n         31, 1807, has an entries for coffee, condiments, and sewing\n         material. An account, March 26, 1810, of Capt. \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJames Davis\u003c/persname\u003ewith \n         \u003cpersname\u003eRowland P. Banks\u003c/persname\u003elists \"163 days tuition\n         at $8 p. ann. $5 cts 1 1/2.\" The account, beginning August 14,\n         1826, of Capt. \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJames Davis\u003c/persname\u003ewith \n         \u003cpersname\u003eThomas Pleasants\u003c/persname\u003e, has lists orders for\n         cheese, mackerel, cotton, and whiskey. On October 31, 1832,\n         Judge Saunders, of \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eLynchburg, Virginia\u003c/geogname\u003e, orders castor oil,\n         ointment, and a syringe. Accounts which mention tea are rare\n         but there is an undated fragment of Mr. \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJames Davis\u003c/persname\u003ewhich contains an entry for\n         imperial tea. There is an undated \"memorandum of brandy\" taken\n         from Mrs. Eubank.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe accounts of \n         \u003cpersname\u003eWilliams Watts\u003c/persname\u003espan 1752-1797. There is\n         also a hotel account with \n         \u003cpersname\u003eCharles Williamson\u003c/persname\u003ewith entries dating\n         1763, 1773, and 1774. There are accounts for the boarding,\n         clothing, and feeding of Negro boys with Mrs. \n         \u003cpersname\u003eBetty Tucker\u003c/persname\u003eand \n         \u003cpersname\u003eBetty Kirkland\u003c/persname\u003e, both beginning September\n         10, 1767, and Capt. \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJoseph Tucker\u003c/persname\u003e, 1767-1769. Watts has\n         accounts, 1768, with \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJohn Brittan\u003c/persname\u003efor a waistcoat, shoes,\n         stockings, and a hat. There is a 1769 account for various\n         building supplies. Watts also has an account, beginning April\n         20, 1771, with \n         \u003cpersname\u003eMiller Woodson\u003c/persname\u003ewith an entry of May 16,\n         1772 listing a \n         \u003cpersname\u003ePatrick Henry\u003c/persname\u003e. There is a document which\n         contains information on the estate of \n         \u003cpersname\u003eWilliam Randolph\u003c/persname\u003e. There is another\n         lodging account, July 26, 1773 through December 3, 1776, of\n         Watts with \n         \u003cpersname\u003eCharles Williams\u003c/persname\u003e. There is an account\n         beginning March 9, 1778, with \n         \u003cpersname\u003eWilliam Kirkland\u003c/persname\u003ewhich includes listings\n         for tuition and educational books. A January 10, 1780 account\n         with \n         \u003cpersname\u003eFrederick Nance\u003c/persname\u003ementions a violin and a\n         set of strings. There is an account, beginning December 21,\n         1787, with \n         \u003cpersname\u003eRobert Wilson\u003c/persname\u003eordering Hyson Tea, coffee,\n         and a bottle of snuff. From a 1791 account of \n         \u003cpersname\u003eEdward McDonald\u003c/persname\u003ewith \n         \u003cpersname\u003eWilliam Watts\u003c/persname\u003e, there is the note of the\n         hire of a Negro. From a 1792 account of \n         \u003cpersname\u003eCharles Smith\u003c/persname\u003e, there is a note for the\n         finding of a Negro woman and for the inspecting of tobacco.\n         There are two medical bills, one with \n         \u003cpersname\u003eGeorge Martin\u003c/persname\u003e, beginning January 14,\n         1794, and one with Doctor \n         \u003cpersname\u003eGraham\u003c/persname\u003e, beginning November 3, 1795. In\n         October 1797, Watts had an account with \n         \u003cpersname\u003eGeorge Quille\u003c/persname\u003efor the hire of a Negro.\n         There is an undated account of \n         \u003cpersname\u003eW. Walter Spence\u003c/persname\u003ewith Watts for the hire\n         of a Negro for eight months.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003ePromissory notes and receipts range from 1754-1905, n.d.\n         There are several items concerned with the estate of \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJohn Fleming\u003c/persname\u003eand include an entry for\n         February 1764 for a Negro bought for $10. Between \n         \u003cpersname\u003eGeorge Martin\u003c/persname\u003eand Watts there is an\n         agreement, October 3, 1794, mentioning the purchase of red\n         wheat and the hire of a Negro woman. \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJames Davis\u003c/persname\u003ehas a note dated 1803 with the\n         Sheriff of \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eAmherst County\u003c/geogname\u003efor tax on four Negroes,\n         four horses, and five tithes. \n         \u003cpersname\u003eElizabeth Davis\u003c/persname\u003ehas a note dated 1816 for\n         tax on three Negroes and one horse. There is a note from\n         December 6, 1827 pertaining to a $5 bond for the hire of a\n         Negro man by \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJames Davis\u003c/persname\u003efrom \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJ. Wright\u003c/persname\u003efor \n         \u003cpersname\u003eLavinia Wright\u003c/persname\u003e. There is a 1840 note from\n         \u003cpersname\u003eCharles Davis\u003c/persname\u003eto the Sheriff of \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eAmherst\u003c/geogname\u003efor tax on six Negroes and six\n         horses.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eLegal Papers\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThere are a number of court memoranda, 1768-1786, n.d.,\n         kept by \n         \u003cpersname\u003eWilliam Watts\u003c/persname\u003ein his capacity as a lawyer.\n         In a November 10, 1771 memo for the \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eBuckingham County\u003c/geogname\u003ecourt, there is an entry\n         for detinue for Negro woman named \n         \u003cpersname\u003eAgge\u003c/persname\u003e. From the memo for the April 1772\n         court at \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eLunenburg County\u003c/geogname\u003e, \n         \u003cpersname\u003eThomas Taylor\u003c/persname\u003eand his wife have a suit\n         against a Hurt for a Negro in \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eAmelia\u003c/geogname\u003e. There is also a list of debts\n         owed to Watts for the year 1794. Dating 1771 through 1782,\n         there are court dockets from \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eAmelia County\u003c/geogname\u003eand \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eLunenburg County\u003c/geogname\u003efrom 1771-1782. A number\n         of the entries have Watts as the litigant. There is a 1773 day\n         book with the signatures of William and \n         \u003cpersname\u003eEdward Watts\u003c/persname\u003e, which includes a record of \n         \u003cpersname\u003eWilliam Watts\u003c/persname\u003e' court expenses. There are\n         also legal day books, 1772-1773, of Watts, with entries for \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eBuckingham County\u003c/geogname\u003e, \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eAmelia\u003c/geogname\u003e, \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eCumberland County\u003c/geogname\u003e, and \n         \u003cgeogname\u003ePrince Edward County\u003c/geogname\u003eas well as for \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eWilliamsburg, Virginia\u003c/geogname\u003e. There is another\n         1773 memorandum book of Watts with entries for \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eAmelia County\u003c/geogname\u003e, \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eCumberland County\u003c/geogname\u003e, and \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eBuckingham County\u003c/geogname\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe indentures date 1749-1788, n.d. From January 1, 1763,\n         there is an agreement between \n         \u003cpersname\u003eBenjamin Tambro\u003c/persname\u003eand \n         \u003cpersname\u003eAyres Hodnett\u003c/persname\u003eof \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eBuckingham\u003c/geogname\u003ein regard to the former's son, \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJohn Tambro\u003c/persname\u003e, to be apprentice to the\n         latter for seven years. From March 28, 1774, there is an\n         indenture between Watts and \n         \u003cpersname\u003eWilliam Ford\u003c/persname\u003e. From September 17, 1768,\n         there is an agreement between \n         \u003cpersname\u003eAbraham West\u003c/persname\u003eand \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJohn Blankenship\u003c/persname\u003eof \n         \u003cgeogname\u003ePrince Edward\u003c/geogname\u003e. On November 17, 1772,\n         there is an agreement between \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJohn Lewallen\u003c/persname\u003eof \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eAmelia County\u003c/geogname\u003eand \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eJames and Robert Donalds and Company\u003c/corpname\u003e,\n         Merchants of \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eGlasgow\u003c/geogname\u003e. On September 15, 1778, there is\n         an agreement between \n         \u003cpersname\u003eDavid Wright\u003c/persname\u003eof \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eBotetourt\u003c/geogname\u003eand \n         \u003cpersname\u003eAlexander Paine\u003c/persname\u003eof the same concerning a\n         land dispute in the area where the \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eRoanoke River\u003c/geogname\u003eand \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eTinker Creek\u003c/geogname\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe will, December 25, 1745, of \n         \u003cpersname\u003eThomas Patterson\u003c/persname\u003eof \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eAlbemarle County\u003c/geogname\u003e, names his slaves and\n         divides them among his children and wife, and requests that\n         his land in \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eGoochland County\u003c/geogname\u003ebe known as \n         \u003ccorpname\u003e\"Locust Thicket.\"\u003c/corpname\u003e\u003cpersname\u003eMargery Hinshaw\u003c/persname\u003econtested the will of \n         \u003cpersname\u003eSamuel Hinshaw\u003c/persname\u003edated March 1758 with \n         \u003cpersname\u003e[Cedw] Gibson\u003c/persname\u003eon July 10, 1765. Hinshaw\n         had divided his slaves between his still living wife, his\n         daughter \n         \u003cpersname\u003eElizabeth Hinshaw\u003c/persname\u003e, and the latter's\n         children. This situation involved a slave of Elizabeth. The\n         will of \n         \u003cpersname\u003eThomas Bottom\u003c/persname\u003eof \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eAmelia\u003c/geogname\u003edated May 10, 1760 divides his\n         slaves which are named between his three daughters.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eA folder of general legal papers date 1765-1903, n.d. The\n         inventory and appraisal, 1826, of the estate of \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJohn Eubank\u003c/persname\u003ementions prices for his\n         Negroes: £300 for a man named \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJacob\u003c/persname\u003e, £200 for a man named \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJoe\u003c/persname\u003e, £10 for a woman named \n         \u003cpersname\u003eHannah\u003c/persname\u003e, £20 for a girl named \n         \u003cpersname\u003eLolly\u003c/persname\u003e, and £0 for a girl named\n         \u003cpersname\u003eCaroline\u003c/persname\u003e. There is also a list of tickets\n         of ommission paid by \n         \u003cpersname\u003eWilliam Watts\u003c/persname\u003e, attorney. Among the legal\n         papers of \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eAmelia County\u003c/geogname\u003e, 1768 through 1789\n         including undated material, a document dated May 15, 1783\n         states that \n         \u003cpersname\u003eSarah Tinker\u003c/persname\u003eon December 6, 1781 gave her\n         son-in-law \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJohn Tucker\u003c/persname\u003ean ailing Negro named \n         \u003cpersname\u003eNed\u003c/persname\u003euntil the latter gets well whereas he\n         will be returned to \n         \u003cpersname\u003eSarah Tucker\u003c/persname\u003e. In an undated document, \n         \u003cpersname\u003eGeorge Vaughn\u003c/persname\u003eyields up title/right of two\n         Negroes--named \n         \u003cpersname\u003eFrank\u003c/persname\u003eand \n         \u003cpersname\u003ePhoebe\u003c/persname\u003e--to son-in-law \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJohn Norris\u003c/persname\u003e--formerly given to grandson \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJohn Norris\u003c/persname\u003eby a deed dated October 2,\n         1796: \"said slaves will forever defend me from my heirs.\" The\n         son-in-law Norris will pay Vaughn or wife £10\n         annually for preformance of the aforesaid act. Among the \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eCampbell County\u003c/geogname\u003epapers, Justice \n         \u003cpersname\u003eAdam Clement\u003c/persname\u003esays that \n         \u003cpersname\u003eCharles Gilbert\u003c/persname\u003eof \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eCampbell\u003c/geogname\u003eon April 29, 1787 makes oath that\n         Negro slave \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJack\u003c/persname\u003e--property of Watts of \n         \u003cgeogname\u003ePrince Edward County\u003c/geogname\u003e--ran away and was\n         found 50 miles thence. Among the legal papers of \n         \u003cgeogname\u003ePrince Edward\u003c/geogname\u003e, \n         \u003cpersname\u003eEdward Watts\u003c/persname\u003esold to \n         \u003cpersname\u003eWilliam Watts\u003c/persname\u003eeight Negro slaves: \n         \u003cpersname\u003eTrue\u003c/persname\u003e, \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJames\u003c/persname\u003e, \n         \u003cpersname\u003eWinnie\u003c/persname\u003e, \n         \u003cpersname\u003ePeter\u003c/persname\u003e, \n         \u003cpersname\u003eSarah\u003c/persname\u003e, \n         \u003cpersname\u003eBetty\u003c/persname\u003e, \n         \u003cpersname\u003eRachel\u003c/persname\u003e, and \n         \u003cpersname\u003eDoc\u003c/persname\u003eon January 14, 1787. There is also a\n         account of Dr. \n         \u003cpersname\u003eM. John King\u003c/persname\u003ewith the sheriff of \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eLunenburg\u003c/geogname\u003ewhich has an entry dating 1769:\n         the former is in account with \n         \u003cpersname\u003e[John] Epps\u003c/persname\u003efor four lbs. of tobacco at\n         £0.5.1.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eMiscellaneous\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eAmong the Advertisements there is an advertisement dated\n         September 20, 1871 from the \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eOmaha, Nebraska Lottery\u003c/corpname\u003efor the building\n         of a public library in the city. A broadside from \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eCox and Sons Church Furniture\u003c/corpname\u003eshows a\n         garish stained-glass window commemorating the late President \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJames Garfield\u003c/persname\u003e. There is an undated\n         letter to Mrs. \n         \u003cpersname\u003eFleming Saunders\u003c/persname\u003easking for a subscription\n         to the \n         \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eGraphic,\u003c/title\u003ea ladies society\n         magazine. There is an undated list of books from \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eGeorge Munro, Publishers\u003c/corpname\u003e. There is also a\n         broadside for \"The World's Christmas Hymn\"--an analogy of\n         English poetry pertaining to \n         \u003cpersname\u003eChrist\u003c/persname\u003e's birth dating from the medieval\n         period.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe church related papers include a letter, March 21, 1904,\n         from \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eVirginia Polytechnic Institute\u003c/corpname\u003eto the \n         \u003cfamname\u003eSaunders\u003c/famname\u003easking for aid for the building of\n         an Episcopal parsonage at the university. The letter\n         enunciates a fear of the danger of Episcopal boys being weaned\n         from their faith by the compulsory attendance at the services\n         of other sects due to the absence of a Episcopal parsonage.\n         There is also an Episcopal \"Church Kalendar,\" 1882-1883,\n         listing holy days with information on the faith, church\n         service, and background of the Anglican/Episcopalian\n         faith.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eCivil War papers range from 1861 to 1864. During 1862-1864,\n         there are a number of furloughs issued to \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eConfederate\u003c/corpname\u003eenlisted men in \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eVirginia\u003c/geogname\u003e, each with a physical\n         description of the bearer, and addressed \"to all whom it may\n         concern.\" On August 10, 1862, there is a provision return for\n         a company of the \n         \u003ccorpname\u003e13th Regiment of Pennsylvania volunteers\u003c/corpname\u003e.\n         There are also a number of CSA \"special requisitions\", chiefly\n         ordering clothing, shoes, and blankets, most signed by Captain\n         \u003cpersname\u003eFleming Saunders\u003c/persname\u003e, assistant\n         quartermaster, of Company K, Virginia Regiment.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe educational papers range from 1848-1903, n.d. There is\n         a page from a 1848 French edition of the fables of La Fontaine\n         from the \"Academie de Norfolk.\" There is an \n         \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\"Educational Treatise on the Constitution\"\u003c/title\u003e,\n         September 6, 1877, by \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJohn Randolph Tucker\u003c/persname\u003eof \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eVirginia\u003c/geogname\u003e. There is a 1892-1893 brochure\n         for the \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eEdgeworth School\u003c/corpname\u003e, a church-related\n         boarding and day school for females. There is the fall term\n         1895 grade report from \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eVirginia Polytechnic Institute\u003c/corpname\u003e(formerly \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eVirginia Agriculture and Mechanical\n         College\u003c/corpname\u003e) for \n         \u003cpersname\u003eFleming Saunders, III\u003c/persname\u003e. There is a fall\n         term 1902 grade report from \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eHollins College\u003c/corpname\u003efor \n         \u003cpersname\u003eElsie Saunders\u003c/persname\u003e. There is another VPI\n         grade report, from February 1903, for \n         \u003cpersname\u003eCarter Temple Saunders\u003c/persname\u003e. There is a report\n         from \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eSt. Timothy's School\u003c/corpname\u003eof \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eCatonsville, Maryland\u003c/geogname\u003e. Another undated\n         piece is a \"rules for spelling\" sheet from a grammar book.\n         There are also undated fragments of Latin, French, and\n         algebra.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThere are lectures, essays, and poems, 1794, 1818, 1843,\n         and n.d., including a scrap of a lecture dated September 6,\n         1794 from \n         \u003cpersname\u003eEdward Watts\u003c/persname\u003e; another lecture on motive\n         dated September 16, 1794; and, a series of oral essays from\n         1843.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eMiscellaneous material, 1887-1892, includes a note of the\n         marriage of Capt. \n         \u003cpersname\u003eFleming Saunders\u003c/persname\u003eto \n         \u003cpersname\u003eMary Gwathmey\u003c/persname\u003eon July 30.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe obituaries include a reprint of the 1858 obituary of \n         \u003cpersname\u003eFleming Saunders, Sr\u003c/persname\u003e, a reprint of the\n         1867 obituary of Fleming, Sr.'s wife-- \n         \u003cpersname\u003eAlice Fleming\u003c/persname\u003e--and the 1904 obituary of \n         \u003cpersname\u003ePeter Saunders\u003c/persname\u003e. The obituaries of\n         Fleming, Sr. and Alice are panegyrics. The first two were\n         transcribed by \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJohn Blair Dabney\u003c/persname\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe photographs include an unidentified photograph of a\n         young member of the \n         \u003cfamname\u003eSaunders family\u003c/famname\u003eand undated photo cards of\n         liturgical furniture.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eBound Volumes\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe Day Books include a day book from \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eMaple Creek Mills\u003c/corpname\u003edating from 1842. There\n         is a 1867 day book with one page filled, made of a cut\n         agricultural crop ledger. There is also in the book a pasted\n         in notice from the Adjuctant Inspector's Office in \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eRichmond\u003c/geogname\u003e, July 29, 1863. Dating January\n         18, 1872 is a subscription book for the \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eLee Monumental Association\u003c/corpname\u003e. Also present\n         is a $1 donation from \n         \u003cpersname\u003eAlex Berkeley\u003c/persname\u003eof \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eYellow Branch, Virginia\u003c/geogname\u003e. There are also\n         farm journals dating 1855 through 1860.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eA card game, 1846, called \"The Game of Kings made Easy\"\n         which is based on the kings of \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eEngland\u003c/geogname\u003ewho reigned down to its date, is\n         also present. The card for Henry V is missing. Many of the\n         cards contain information of the kings of an antiquarian\n         nature.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe Memorandum books, 1873-1874 and 1881-1894, owned by \n         \u003cpersname\u003eFleming Saunders\u003c/persname\u003e, includes employees,\n         supplies, and construction information in the first volume.\n         The latter has a note at its end which mentions survey\n         data.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eOtter River Township\u003c/corpname\u003eRecord Book dates\n         from 1870-1874. There are references to road building. An\n         entry for June 16, 1871 notes the ordering of \"tickets\" for\n         road tax and township levy. Also included are lists of\n         expenses for board members with lists of expenses for\n         materials bought. One entry notes that \n         \u003cpersname\u003eB. H. Anthony\u003c/persname\u003e, overseer of the poor,\n         sends three paupers--one white woman and two black woman--to\n         the poor house. Expenses for the poor house are noted. At 1874\n         and 1875 meetings, \n         \u003cpersname\u003eFleming Saunders\u003c/persname\u003eis mentioned as road\n         overseer in certain districts.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection, 1745-1910, n.d., of ca. 2100 items,\n         consists of correspondence, business and legal papers,\n         miscellaneous, and bound volumes, pertaining to the \n         Davis Family, \n         Saunders Family, and \n         Watts Family. Large portions of the\n         correspondence belong to \n         William Wattsand \n         Fleming Saunders. Included with the\n         correspondence is a letterbook, 1873-1880, of \n         Frank Prufer. The business papers include\n         accounts, bonds, correspondence, and notes and receipts,\n         chiefly pertaining to \n         William Wattsand \n         Fleming Saunders, but also various\n         members of these families. The legal papers include court\n         dockets and memoranda of \n         William Watts, documents, and wills.\n         There are various legal papers of \n         William Wattspertaining to \n         Virginiacounties including \n         Amelia County, \n         Amherst County, \n         Buckingham County, \n         Campbell County, \n         Cumberland County, \n         Prince Edward County. The miscellaneous\n         material includes advertisements, educational papers,\n         photographs, printed, religious papers, and fragments. The\n         bound volumes include day books, a blacksmith book, a farm\n         journal, memorandum books, and a township record. Folders are\n         arranged alphabetically within each series, with material\n         inside arranged chronologically.","Correspondence","From the correspondence of the \n         Davis Family, \n         Saunders Family, and related families,\n         1800-1856, there is a letter addressed to \"Sully,\" December\n         30, 1800, from \n         Louisa County, which advises the\n         recipient, who had asked for religious instruction, to seek\n         the \n         Kingdom of God. A letter dated April 2,\n         1812 from \n         James Raylandto his sister mentions that\n         his cousin is strapped for cash, and asks if the recipient can\n         help him. A rather unusual letter, dating July 24, 1836, from \n         Mount Pleasant, indicates that \"Mary\n         thinks a little Brandy would be of service to her,\" and\n         requests that some be sent to her. A letter written to Captain\n         Davis on January 9, 1844, mentions that \n         Pleasant Milkhillneeds brandy, and asks\n         that it be sent with \n         David(probably a slave) for there is none\n         at \n         Bethel. A letter dating November 6, 1856\n         at \n         Bleak Hillsmakes a reference to \"Roanoke\"\n         [Roanoke County, or \n         John Randolph's estate \"Roanoke\"?].","From their correspondence dating 1862-1904, there is a\n         letter to \n         Sam Tyree, Esq, July 17, 1870 from [his]\n         student: \n         [Sam L. Preston?]complaining that he can\n         not attend sunday school because of prostration. There is also\n         a letter dated April 8, 1901 from \n         Trinity and Ivy Chapelin \n         Boonsboro, Bedford Countyto a Mr.\n         Randolph inviting him to preach there every other Sunday.\n         There is also an undated fragment referring to a comet the\n         size of a full moon and a meteor shower which \"will be a sight\n         to see.\"","Among the families' undated correspondence, is a letter\n         dated November 17 to \n         \"Carter\" [Saunders?], by a female who\n         mentions [her] children's Latin lessons. There is another\n         letter to a Miss Kerr which mentions a recipe for Tongue a la\n         Mode. There is also a letter, dated October 23, [1805?], from\n         a \n         Sam K. Jenny, probably a doctor of\n         medicine, which mentions that \n         William Greenattended a man named\n         Barnhart to \n         Bedfordso Jenny could prescribe to his\n         case and that he \"forbad the case of ardent spirits.\"","From the correspondence of \n         Eva (Smith) Saunders, dated 1868-1894,\n         there is a letter, February 24, 1889, from \n         The Grovewhich mentions that while Eva\n         passed her exams--her brother \n         Fleming Saunders IIIdid not. A letter,\n         August 2, 1892, to \n         Eva Saundersfrom \n         M. Natalie Manson, at \n         Wintore, speaks of school and Latin.\n         There is an interesting letter, December 10, 1893, from \n         Florence, Italyto Eva, mentioning that\n         there is no silver in \n         Italyfor the English and French are\n         buying it up, that \"Coppers are such a bother, and so heavy to\n         carry,\" seeing the works of \n         Donatoand \n         Brunelleschiand the \n         Medici Chapel, and the \n         \"Brothers of Pity\"who wear black robes\n         and carry a corpse which \"made my blood turn cold.\" There is a\n         letter, January 13, 1894, to Eva, which mentions sending a\n         book to \n         May Begg, \"a literary courtship under the\n         auspices of \n         Pike's Peak. \" \n         Fleming Saunders IIIat \n         Randolph-Macon Academyin \n         Bedfordwrites to Eva on May 15, 1894,\n         saying he tried to get a tennis tournament for field day, and\n         congratulates Eva on her chicken raising and hopes his are\n         doing better.","Among the \n         Eva Saundersundated correspondence, there\n         is a fragment which notes that Miss Begg sent to its writer a\n         little book called \"The greatest thing in the World.\" A letter\n         dated November 26 to Eva contains drawings of women's blouses\n         and concerns her ordered blouses.","From the correspondence of \n         Fleming Saundersand \n         Mary (Gwathmey) Saunders, 1858-1879, a\n         letter dated September 5, 1871, from \n         Peter Saunders, Jr., \n         Bleak Hill, says that his tobacco crop\n         has suffered. Another letter, April 17, 1874, from \n         Jeanie Edmond, \n         Hudson Lodge, makes a reference to the \n         Jubilee Singerstraveling to raise money\n         for a \"slave college somewhere in the Northern States\"; to\n         acquaintances visiting \n         England, mentioning a \"public worship\n         bill\" in \n         Parliament, and one acquaintance having\n         an appointment with the Bishop of \n         Melbourne; and to visiting \n         Australia. In a postcard dated August 21,\n         1879, \n         W. A. Alrichasks \n         Fleming Saunders' opinion as to the next\n         \"services\" in \"regular course,\" and saying that it best not to\n         alter rotation as \"last service was omitted.\" He also mentions\n         that Mrs. \n         C[harles] Dabneyhas a fine little\n         daughter.","In the Fleming and Mary Saunders correspondence, 1880-1892,\n         there is a letter dated March 3, 1880 from M. Caden to\n         Saunders stating that he can not board a minister, but will\n         give the same salary as before. \n         Peter Saunderswrites from \n         Bleak Hillon January 19, 1881 saying that\n         he has no specific desire to be a director on the \n         Virgina Midland [Rail] Road, and does not\n         think he could get the appointment anyway; he is still a\n         director on the \n         Franklin and Pittsylvania Railroad\n         Company, and fears a possible conflict of interest.\n         W. A. Alrichwrites from \n         Emanuel Rectory, \n         Chatham, Virginia, on February 16, 1882,\n         saying he is glad that the \n         Saunders' keep up the old St. Valentine's\n         Day tradition, by sending so practical a token of affection. \n         Ellen Boulder, a school teacher, writes\n         to \n         Mary Saundersfrom \n         Drake's Branchon March 18, 1889,\n         mentioning a five month school term ending on March 1st and a\n         June 23 to July 23 summer session. \n         [Peter Saunders], \n         Bleak Hill, writes \n         Fleming Saunders, on October 26, 1891\n         mentioning Republican elements in the \"alliance\" [farmers'\n         alliance such as the \n         Grange?].","In the Fleming and Mary Saunders correspondence, 1893-1900,\n         Fleming Saunders IIIwrites to his parents\n         from \n         Randolph-Macon Academyin \n         Bedfordon March 14, 1893, saying that he\n         is in the Baptist Church in the morning and the Methodist in\n         the afternoon, and tells of boys who spend more time with the\n         girls than studying. \n         James F. Plummerwrites to Captain\n         Saunders on March 29, 1893, [from a theological seminary?],\n         saying that exams are beginning, and implying that knowledge\n         of Hebrew and Apologetics will be next among those things\n         tested. \n         Peter Saunderswrites to Fleming from \n         Bleak Hill, on March 30, 1894, mentioning\n         the Bland Bill and the fear that its veto would cause discord\n         in the \n         Democratic Party, and discussing briefly\n         possible effects on the present financial situation.","In the Fleming and Mary Saunders correspondence, 1901-1910,\n         there is a letter, July 19, 1901, from \n         Edward Watts Saunders, while serving in\n         the \n         Virginia House of Delegates. \n         William W. Oldwrites to Fleming on\n         February 2, 1903 about a land sale and his agreement to sell\n         the land as a whole parcel to two black men, and suggesting a\n         method of finalizing the transaction. \n         E. W. Saunderswrites to Fleming on\n         January 21, 1904 mentioning an inquiry about his land near\n         \"Vic. Muse.\" A letter, [March 1904], from \n         Alice [Saunders]at \n         Hollins, Virginia, to her aunt Saunders\n         refers to the Roman poet \n         Virgil. She writes to her mother on March\n         12, 1904 mentioning that John [ ] had failed in \n         Caesarand that he had been in the second\n         book of \n         Virgil.","In the undated Fleming and Mary Saunders correspondence, \n         D. Saunderswrites to his mother from \n         Randolph-Macon Academyon February 10,\n         saying that he is learning German and is plagued by poor\n         spelling, and that the boys dance every night and were\n         previously boxing.","In the correspondence of \n         William Watts, 1754-1784, there is a\n         letter dated June 27, 1771 which summons Watts to the \n         General Assemblyin \n         Williamsburg. \n         Samuel Dilworthwrites on June 2, 1783\n         from \n         Blanfordmentioning the problem of\n         collecting debts owed to the British. \n         Thomas Baldwin, Jr.writes on December 22,\n         1784 concerning the purchase of \"the Negro Fellow\" for\n         $18.","In the Watts correspondence, 1785-1789, a letter, December\n         16, 1785, from \n         William Roachinforms Watts that while \n         Peter Kernis employing Watts in a matter\n         between Kern and Roach, Watts is to plead for Roach in all\n         matters, suggesting a conflict of interest. \n         Arthur Campbell, a candidate for the\n         senate from the Western Distict, writes, on March 24, 1788,\n         asking for Watts' support. \n         Edward Grahamof \n         Bedford, writes on December 20, 1792,\n         mentioning that he saw the Watts' son reading \n         Horaceand sending the boy a copy of \n         Cicerowhich would supply \"the means of\n         raising him as high in eminence as you could reasonably wish,\"\n         and adding that the boy will need to learn Greek as he will\n         soon be studying science.","In the Watts correspondence, 1793-1794, \n         Duncan Rosewrites from \n         Petersburg, on July 8, 1794, stating that\n         Buchanan's Hartie and Companyhas been\n         doing business in \n         Great Britainand is waiting for a\n         successor to Hartie to be appointed before certain books could\n         be examined by Rose. Another letter pertains to relations with\n         Franceand \n         Britainat this time: \n         George Hancockwrites to Watts in 1794\n         mentioning the rearing of a navy \"to repel the insult to our\n         ploy,\" referring to commerce restriction [on American goods]\n         by a nation which does not have a commerce treaty with the\n         U.S., and referring to Mr. \n         [James] Madison's arguments whereas he\n         conducted himself in a manner worthy of himself. \n         Creed Taylorwrites on May 11, 1795,\n         concerning some bonds. \n         William Vannersonwrites, on October 30,\n         1795, from \n         Petersburgmentioning a British war sloop\n         in \n         Norfolk, Virginiaand the order for\n         carrying American bottoms bound for \n         Franceinto British ports with invoice\n         being revoked, revealing that some say that this retaliation\n         has been brought about by Americans invoicing their flour at\n         $27 per barrel.","In Watts' correspondence with \n         Edward Randolph, 1796-1797, Randolph\n         writes from \n         Richmondon February 21 and March 13, 1796\n         on the subject of British creditors. In Watts' correspondence\n         with \n         Thomas F. Scott, 1792-1798, Scott writes\n         on January 4, 1796 and December 18, 1798 on the subject of\n         British debts. In the correspondence of \n         William Wattswith \n         John Watts, 1784-1800, John writes to\n         William in April 1784 from \n         Lincoln County, Virginia(now \n         Kentucky), concerning apprehension about\n         a possible Indian war in the \n         Northwest Territories. John says that\n         while the lands in \n         Kentuckyare good, the inconveniences are\n         many, and that the doomsayers will probably prevent the\n         surveying of lands on the northwest side of the Ohio.","Business Papers","There are general accounts, 1751-1899, n.d. An account,\n         beginning November 16, 1762, with \n         George Kippen \u0026 Co.at their store in \n         Goochland, Virginia, lists \n         John Gilliamas having ordered a dozen\n         flints, 3/4 yard of bearskin, and a dozen pipes. There is a\n         list, April 20, 1763, pertaining to the estate of \n         A. Watts, on which is listed a\n         £0.2.0 debt to \n         Mary Petillo, the only woman on the list,\n         and a £2.4.9 debt to Sir \n         William Skipwith. The account of \n         Thomas Eastwith \n         Archelaus Austinfrom November 15, 1771,\n         consists of beer, wine, grog, and a gallon of corn, with one\n         entry \"to saging one night\" perhaps pertaining to the making\n         of moonshine. An account, beginning January 20, 1775, of N[ ]\n         Vaughn with \n         Edward Wattslists various quantities of\n         rum, molasses, and sugar. There are several accounts,\n         1779-1794, of the estate of \n         Nathaniel Davis, including an entry for\n         1784 for three yards of woollen for a Negro jacket, and May 9,\n         1784 for half of hire of \n         Jacob. There is a section, \"Accts\n         Overlooked,\" from 1784, which refers to tobacco being a share\n         and half share for \n         Jacob, and another for dinner at the\n         courthouse when on business. There is an account of \n         James Daviswith \n         Daniel Warwick, dating 1799-1803, with\n         references to a variety of items including coffee, sewing\n         materials, dinner ware, alcohol, and accessories. Mrs. \n         Elizabeth Davis' account beginning May\n         31, 1807, has an entries for coffee, condiments, and sewing\n         material. An account, March 26, 1810, of Capt. \n         James Daviswith \n         Rowland P. Bankslists \"163 days tuition\n         at $8 p. ann. $5 cts 1 1/2.\" The account, beginning August 14,\n         1826, of Capt. \n         James Daviswith \n         Thomas Pleasants, has lists orders for\n         cheese, mackerel, cotton, and whiskey. On October 31, 1832,\n         Judge Saunders, of \n         Lynchburg, Virginia, orders castor oil,\n         ointment, and a syringe. Accounts which mention tea are rare\n         but there is an undated fragment of Mr. \n         James Daviswhich contains an entry for\n         imperial tea. There is an undated \"memorandum of brandy\" taken\n         from Mrs. Eubank.","The accounts of \n         Williams Wattsspan 1752-1797. There is\n         also a hotel account with \n         Charles Williamsonwith entries dating\n         1763, 1773, and 1774. There are accounts for the boarding,\n         clothing, and feeding of Negro boys with Mrs. \n         Betty Tuckerand \n         Betty Kirkland, both beginning September\n         10, 1767, and Capt. \n         Joseph Tucker, 1767-1769. Watts has\n         accounts, 1768, with \n         John Brittanfor a waistcoat, shoes,\n         stockings, and a hat. There is a 1769 account for various\n         building supplies. Watts also has an account, beginning April\n         20, 1771, with \n         Miller Woodsonwith an entry of May 16,\n         1772 listing a \n         Patrick Henry. There is a document which\n         contains information on the estate of \n         William Randolph. There is another\n         lodging account, July 26, 1773 through December 3, 1776, of\n         Watts with \n         Charles Williams. There is an account\n         beginning March 9, 1778, with \n         William Kirklandwhich includes listings\n         for tuition and educational books. A January 10, 1780 account\n         with \n         Frederick Nancementions a violin and a\n         set of strings. There is an account, beginning December 21,\n         1787, with \n         Robert Wilsonordering Hyson Tea, coffee,\n         and a bottle of snuff. From a 1791 account of \n         Edward McDonaldwith \n         William Watts, there is the note of the\n         hire of a Negro. From a 1792 account of \n         Charles Smith, there is a note for the\n         finding of a Negro woman and for the inspecting of tobacco.\n         There are two medical bills, one with \n         George Martin, beginning January 14,\n         1794, and one with Doctor \n         Graham, beginning November 3, 1795. In\n         October 1797, Watts had an account with \n         George Quillefor the hire of a Negro.\n         There is an undated account of \n         W. Walter Spencewith Watts for the hire\n         of a Negro for eight months.","Promissory notes and receipts range from 1754-1905, n.d.\n         There are several items concerned with the estate of \n         John Flemingand include an entry for\n         February 1764 for a Negro bought for $10. Between \n         George Martinand Watts there is an\n         agreement, October 3, 1794, mentioning the purchase of red\n         wheat and the hire of a Negro woman. \n         James Davishas a note dated 1803 with the\n         Sheriff of \n         Amherst Countyfor tax on four Negroes,\n         four horses, and five tithes. \n         Elizabeth Davishas a note dated 1816 for\n         tax on three Negroes and one horse. There is a note from\n         December 6, 1827 pertaining to a $5 bond for the hire of a\n         Negro man by \n         James Davisfrom \n         J. Wrightfor \n         Lavinia Wright. There is a 1840 note from\n         Charles Davisto the Sheriff of \n         Amherstfor tax on six Negroes and six\n         horses.","Legal Papers","There are a number of court memoranda, 1768-1786, n.d.,\n         kept by \n         William Wattsin his capacity as a lawyer.\n         In a November 10, 1771 memo for the \n         Buckingham Countycourt, there is an entry\n         for detinue for Negro woman named \n         Agge. From the memo for the April 1772\n         court at \n         Lunenburg County, \n         Thomas Taylorand his wife have a suit\n         against a Hurt for a Negro in \n         Amelia. There is also a list of debts\n         owed to Watts for the year 1794. Dating 1771 through 1782,\n         there are court dockets from \n         Amelia Countyand \n         Lunenburg Countyfrom 1771-1782. A number\n         of the entries have Watts as the litigant. There is a 1773 day\n         book with the signatures of William and \n         Edward Watts, which includes a record of \n         William Watts' court expenses. There are\n         also legal day books, 1772-1773, of Watts, with entries for \n         Buckingham County, \n         Amelia, \n         Cumberland County, and \n         Prince Edward Countyas well as for \n         Williamsburg, Virginia. There is another\n         1773 memorandum book of Watts with entries for \n         Amelia County, \n         Cumberland County, and \n         Buckingham County.","The indentures date 1749-1788, n.d. From January 1, 1763,\n         there is an agreement between \n         Benjamin Tambroand \n         Ayres Hodnettof \n         Buckinghamin regard to the former's son, \n         John Tambro, to be apprentice to the\n         latter for seven years. From March 28, 1774, there is an\n         indenture between Watts and \n         William Ford. From September 17, 1768,\n         there is an agreement between \n         Abraham Westand \n         John Blankenshipof \n         Prince Edward. On November 17, 1772,\n         there is an agreement between \n         John Lewallenof \n         Amelia Countyand \n         James and Robert Donalds and Company,\n         Merchants of \n         Glasgow. On September 15, 1778, there is\n         an agreement between \n         David Wrightof \n         Botetourtand \n         Alexander Paineof the same concerning a\n         land dispute in the area where the \n         Roanoke Riverand \n         Tinker Creek.","The will, December 25, 1745, of \n         Thomas Pattersonof \n         Albemarle County, names his slaves and\n         divides them among his children and wife, and requests that\n         his land in \n         Goochland Countybe known as \n         \"Locust Thicket.\"Margery Hinshawcontested the will of \n         Samuel Hinshawdated March 1758 with \n         [Cedw] Gibsonon July 10, 1765. Hinshaw\n         had divided his slaves between his still living wife, his\n         daughter \n         Elizabeth Hinshaw, and the latter's\n         children. This situation involved a slave of Elizabeth. The\n         will of \n         Thomas Bottomof \n         Ameliadated May 10, 1760 divides his\n         slaves which are named between his three daughters.","A folder of general legal papers date 1765-1903, n.d. The\n         inventory and appraisal, 1826, of the estate of \n         John Eubankmentions prices for his\n         Negroes: £300 for a man named \n         Jacob, £200 for a man named \n         Joe, £10 for a woman named \n         Hannah, £20 for a girl named \n         Lolly, and £0 for a girl named\n         Caroline. There is also a list of tickets\n         of ommission paid by \n         William Watts, attorney. Among the legal\n         papers of \n         Amelia County, 1768 through 1789\n         including undated material, a document dated May 15, 1783\n         states that \n         Sarah Tinkeron December 6, 1781 gave her\n         son-in-law \n         John Tuckeran ailing Negro named \n         Neduntil the latter gets well whereas he\n         will be returned to \n         Sarah Tucker. In an undated document, \n         George Vaughnyields up title/right of two\n         Negroes--named \n         Frankand \n         Phoebe--to son-in-law \n         John Norris--formerly given to grandson \n         John Norrisby a deed dated October 2,\n         1796: \"said slaves will forever defend me from my heirs.\" The\n         son-in-law Norris will pay Vaughn or wife £10\n         annually for preformance of the aforesaid act. Among the \n         Campbell Countypapers, Justice \n         Adam Clementsays that \n         Charles Gilbertof \n         Campbellon April 29, 1787 makes oath that\n         Negro slave \n         Jack--property of Watts of \n         Prince Edward County--ran away and was\n         found 50 miles thence. Among the legal papers of \n         Prince Edward, \n         Edward Wattssold to \n         William Wattseight Negro slaves: \n         True, \n         James, \n         Winnie, \n         Peter, \n         Sarah, \n         Betty, \n         Rachel, and \n         Docon January 14, 1787. There is also a\n         account of Dr. \n         M. John Kingwith the sheriff of \n         Lunenburgwhich has an entry dating 1769:\n         the former is in account with \n         [John] Eppsfor four lbs. of tobacco at\n         £0.5.1.","Miscellaneous","Among the Advertisements there is an advertisement dated\n         September 20, 1871 from the \n         Omaha, Nebraska Lotteryfor the building\n         of a public library in the city. A broadside from \n         Cox and Sons Church Furnitureshows a\n         garish stained-glass window commemorating the late President \n         James Garfield. There is an undated\n         letter to Mrs. \n         Fleming Saundersasking for a subscription\n         to the \n         Graphic,a ladies society\n         magazine. There is an undated list of books from \n         George Munro, Publishers. There is also a\n         broadside for \"The World's Christmas Hymn\"--an analogy of\n         English poetry pertaining to \n         Christ's birth dating from the medieval\n         period.","The church related papers include a letter, March 21, 1904,\n         from \n         Virginia Polytechnic Instituteto the \n         Saundersasking for aid for the building of\n         an Episcopal parsonage at the university. The letter\n         enunciates a fear of the danger of Episcopal boys being weaned\n         from their faith by the compulsory attendance at the services\n         of other sects due to the absence of a Episcopal parsonage.\n         There is also an Episcopal \"Church Kalendar,\" 1882-1883,\n         listing holy days with information on the faith, church\n         service, and background of the Anglican/Episcopalian\n         faith.","Civil War papers range from 1861 to 1864. During 1862-1864,\n         there are a number of furloughs issued to \n         Confederateenlisted men in \n         Virginia, each with a physical\n         description of the bearer, and addressed \"to all whom it may\n         concern.\" On August 10, 1862, there is a provision return for\n         a company of the \n         13th Regiment of Pennsylvania volunteers.\n         There are also a number of CSA \"special requisitions\", chiefly\n         ordering clothing, shoes, and blankets, most signed by Captain\n         Fleming Saunders, assistant\n         quartermaster, of Company K, Virginia Regiment.","The educational papers range from 1848-1903, n.d. There is\n         a page from a 1848 French edition of the fables of La Fontaine\n         from the \"Academie de Norfolk.\" There is an \n         \"Educational Treatise on the Constitution\",\n         September 6, 1877, by \n         John Randolph Tuckerof \n         Virginia. There is a 1892-1893 brochure\n         for the \n         Edgeworth School, a church-related\n         boarding and day school for females. There is the fall term\n         1895 grade report from \n         Virginia Polytechnic Institute(formerly \n         Virginia Agriculture and Mechanical\n         College) for \n         Fleming Saunders, III. There is a fall\n         term 1902 grade report from \n         Hollins Collegefor \n         Elsie Saunders. There is another VPI\n         grade report, from February 1903, for \n         Carter Temple Saunders. There is a report\n         from \n         St. Timothy's Schoolof \n         Catonsville, Maryland. Another undated\n         piece is a \"rules for spelling\" sheet from a grammar book.\n         There are also undated fragments of Latin, French, and\n         algebra.","There are lectures, essays, and poems, 1794, 1818, 1843,\n         and n.d., including a scrap of a lecture dated September 6,\n         1794 from \n         Edward Watts; another lecture on motive\n         dated September 16, 1794; and, a series of oral essays from\n         1843.","Miscellaneous material, 1887-1892, includes a note of the\n         marriage of Capt. \n         Fleming Saundersto \n         Mary Gwathmeyon July 30.","The obituaries include a reprint of the 1858 obituary of \n         Fleming Saunders, Sr, a reprint of the\n         1867 obituary of Fleming, Sr.'s wife-- \n         Alice Fleming--and the 1904 obituary of \n         Peter Saunders. The obituaries of\n         Fleming, Sr. and Alice are panegyrics. The first two were\n         transcribed by \n         John Blair Dabney.","The photographs include an unidentified photograph of a\n         young member of the \n         Saunders familyand undated photo cards of\n         liturgical furniture.","Bound Volumes","The Day Books include a day book from \n         Maple Creek Millsdating from 1842. There\n         is a 1867 day book with one page filled, made of a cut\n         agricultural crop ledger. There is also in the book a pasted\n         in notice from the Adjuctant Inspector's Office in \n         Richmond, July 29, 1863. Dating January\n         18, 1872 is a subscription book for the \n         Lee Monumental Association. Also present\n         is a $1 donation from \n         Alex Berkeleyof \n         Yellow Branch, Virginia. There are also\n         farm journals dating 1855 through 1860.","A card game, 1846, called \"The Game of Kings made Easy\"\n         which is based on the kings of \n         Englandwho reigned down to its date, is\n         also present. The card for Henry V is missing. Many of the\n         cards contain information of the kings of an antiquarian\n         nature.","The Memorandum books, 1873-1874 and 1881-1894, owned by \n         Fleming Saunders, includes employees,\n         supplies, and construction information in the first volume.\n         The latter has a note at its end which mentions survey\n         data.","The \n         Otter River TownshipRecord Book dates\n         from 1870-1874. There are references to road building. An\n         entry for June 16, 1871 notes the ordering of \"tickets\" for\n         road tax and township levy. Also included are lists of\n         expenses for board members with lists of expenses for\n         materials bought. One entry notes that \n         B. H. Anthony, overseer of the poor,\n         sends three paupers--one white woman and two black woman--to\n         the poor house. Expenses for the poor house are noted. At 1874\n         and 1875 meetings, \n         Fleming Saundersis mentioned as road\n         overseer in certain districts."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee the \n            \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.library.virginia.edu/policies/use-of-materials\"\u003e\n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy.\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["See the \n            \n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy."],"corpname_ssim":["University of Virginia. Library. Special\n            Collections Dept.","Kingdom of God","Pleasant Milkhill","Bethel","Bleak Hills","Trinity and Ivy Chapel","The Grove","Wintore","Medici Chapel","\"Brothers of Pity\"","Randolph-Macon Academy","Bleak Hill","Hudson Lodge","Jubilee Singers","Parliament","Virgina Midland [Rail] Road","Franklin and Pittsylvania Railroad\n         Company","Emanuel Rectory","Grange","Democratic Party","Virginia House of Delegates","General Assembly","Blanford","Buchanan's Hartie and Company","Norfolk, Virginia","Northwest Territories","George Kippen \u0026 Co.","James and Robert Donalds and Company","\"Locust Thicket.\"","Omaha, Nebraska Lottery","Cox and Sons Church Furniture","George Munro, Publishers","Virginia Polytechnic Institute","Confederate","13th Regiment of Pennsylvania volunteers","Edgeworth School","Virginia Agriculture and Mechanical\n         College","Hollins College","St. Timothy's School","Maple Creek Mills","Lee Monumental Association","Otter River Township","Internal Revenue\n                  Service","New York Public\n                  Library","University of Virginia\n                  Volunteers"],"famname_ssim":["Davis Family","Saunders Family","Watts Family","Saunders","Saunders family"],"persname_ssim":["William H. Irvine","William Watts","Fleming Saunders","Frank Prufer","James Rayland","David","John Randolph","Sam Tyree","[Sam L. Preston?]","\"Carter\" [Saunders?]","Sam K. Jenny","William Green","Eva (Smith) Saunders","Fleming Saunders III","Eva Saunders","M. Natalie Manson","Donato","Brunelleschi","May Begg","Mary (Gwathmey) Saunders","Peter Saunders, Jr.","Jeanie Edmond","W. A. Alrich","C[harles] Dabney","Peter Saunders","Ellen Boulder","Mary Saunders","[Peter Saunders]","James F. Plummer","Edward Watts Saunders","William W. Old","E. W. Saunders","Alice [Saunders]","Virgil","Caesar","D. Saunders","Samuel Dilworth","Thomas Baldwin, Jr.","William Roach","Peter Kern","Arthur Campbell","Edward Graham","Horace","Cicero","Duncan Rose","George Hancock","[James] Madison","Creed Taylor","William Vannerson","Edward Randolph","Thomas F. Scott","John Watts","John Gilliam","A. Watts","Mary Petillo","William Skipwith","Thomas East","Archelaus Austin","Edward Watts","Nathaniel Davis","Jacob","James Davis","Daniel Warwick","Elizabeth Davis","Rowland P. Banks","Thomas Pleasants","Williams Watts","Charles Williamson","Betty Tucker","Betty Kirkland","Joseph Tucker","John Brittan","Miller Woodson","Patrick Henry","William Randolph","Charles Williams","William Kirkland","Frederick Nance","Robert Wilson","Edward McDonald","Charles Smith","George Martin","Graham","George Quille","W. Walter Spence","John Fleming","J. Wright","Lavinia Wright","Charles Davis","Agge","Thomas Taylor","Benjamin Tambro","Ayres Hodnett","John Tambro","William Ford","Abraham West","John Blankenship","John Lewallen","David Wright","Alexander Paine","Thomas Patterson","Margery Hinshaw","Samuel Hinshaw","[Cedw] Gibson","Elizabeth Hinshaw","Thomas Bottom","John Eubank","Joe","Hannah","Lolly","Caroline","Sarah Tinker","John Tucker","Ned","Sarah Tucker","George Vaughn","Frank","Phoebe","John Norris","Adam Clement","Charles Gilbert","Jack","True","James","Winnie","Peter","Sarah","Betty","Rachel","Doc","M. John King","[John] Epps","James Garfield","Christ","John Randolph Tucker","Fleming Saunders, III","Elsie Saunders","Carter Temple Saunders","Mary Gwathmey","Fleming Saunders, Sr","Alice Fleming","John Blair Dabney","Alex Berkeley","B. H. Anthony","Cary H. Gwathmey","Eva (Smith)\n                  Saunders.","Mary (Gwathmey)\n                  Saunders.","John Tabb","Fleming Saunders, Sr.","Alice W. Saunders","William Cowper","Eugene M. Cox","John B. Webb"],"names_ssim":["University of Virginia. Library. Special\n            Collections Dept.","Kingdom of God","Pleasant Milkhill","Bethel","Bleak Hills","Trinity and Ivy Chapel","The Grove","Wintore","Medici Chapel","\"Brothers of Pity\"","Randolph-Macon Academy","Bleak Hill","Hudson Lodge","Jubilee Singers","Parliament","Virgina Midland [Rail] Road","Franklin and Pittsylvania Railroad\n         Company","Emanuel Rectory","Grange","Democratic Party","Virginia House of Delegates","General Assembly","Blanford","Buchanan's Hartie and Company","Norfolk, Virginia","Northwest Territories","George Kippen \u0026 Co.","James and Robert Donalds and Company","\"Locust Thicket.\"","Omaha, Nebraska Lottery","Cox and Sons Church Furniture","George Munro, Publishers","Virginia Polytechnic Institute","Confederate","13th Regiment of Pennsylvania volunteers","Edgeworth School","Virginia Agriculture and Mechanical\n         College","Hollins College","St. Timothy's School","Maple Creek Mills","Lee Monumental Association","Otter River Township","Internal Revenue\n                  Service","New York Public\n                  Library","University of Virginia\n                  Volunteers","Davis Family","Saunders Family","Watts Family","Saunders","Saunders family","William H. Irvine","William Watts","Fleming Saunders","Frank Prufer","James Rayland","David","John Randolph","Sam Tyree","[Sam L. Preston?]","\"Carter\" [Saunders?]","Sam K. Jenny","William Green","Eva (Smith) Saunders","Fleming Saunders III","Eva Saunders","M. Natalie Manson","Donato","Brunelleschi","May Begg","Mary (Gwathmey) Saunders","Peter Saunders, Jr.","Jeanie Edmond","W. A. Alrich","C[harles] Dabney","Peter Saunders","Ellen Boulder","Mary Saunders","[Peter Saunders]","James F. Plummer","Edward Watts Saunders","William W. Old","E. W. Saunders","Alice [Saunders]","Virgil","Caesar","D. Saunders","Samuel Dilworth","Thomas Baldwin, Jr.","William Roach","Peter Kern","Arthur Campbell","Edward Graham","Horace","Cicero","Duncan Rose","George Hancock","[James] Madison","Creed Taylor","William Vannerson","Edward Randolph","Thomas F. Scott","John Watts","John Gilliam","A. Watts","Mary Petillo","William Skipwith","Thomas East","Archelaus Austin","Edward Watts","Nathaniel Davis","Jacob","James Davis","Daniel Warwick","Elizabeth Davis","Rowland P. Banks","Thomas Pleasants","Williams Watts","Charles Williamson","Betty Tucker","Betty Kirkland","Joseph Tucker","John Brittan","Miller Woodson","Patrick Henry","William Randolph","Charles Williams","William Kirkland","Frederick Nance","Robert Wilson","Edward McDonald","Charles Smith","George Martin","Graham","George Quille","W. Walter Spence","John Fleming","J. Wright","Lavinia Wright","Charles Davis","Agge","Thomas Taylor","Benjamin Tambro","Ayres Hodnett","John Tambro","William Ford","Abraham West","John Blankenship","John Lewallen","David Wright","Alexander Paine","Thomas Patterson","Margery Hinshaw","Samuel Hinshaw","[Cedw] Gibson","Elizabeth Hinshaw","Thomas Bottom","John Eubank","Joe","Hannah","Lolly","Caroline","Sarah Tinker","John Tucker","Ned","Sarah Tucker","George Vaughn","Frank","Phoebe","John Norris","Adam Clement","Charles Gilbert","Jack","True","James","Winnie","Peter","Sarah","Betty","Rachel","Doc","M. John King","[John] Epps","James Garfield","Christ","John Randolph Tucker","Fleming Saunders, III","Elsie Saunders","Carter Temple Saunders","Mary Gwathmey","Fleming Saunders, Sr","Alice Fleming","John Blair Dabney","Alex Berkeley","B. H. Anthony","Cary H. Gwathmey","Eva (Smith)\n                  Saunders.","Mary (Gwathmey)\n                  Saunders.","John Tabb","Fleming Saunders, Sr.","Alice W. Saunders","William Cowper","Eugene M. Cox","John B. Webb"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":66,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:31:42.753Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu00017_c03_c05"}},{"id":"viu_viu00097_c02_c05","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Indentures, 1774/1846","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu00097_c02_c05#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_viu00097_c02_c05","ref_ssm":["viu_viu00097_c02_c05"],"id":"viu_viu00097_c02_c05","ead_ssi":"viu_viu00097","_root_":"viu_viu00097","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu00097_c02","parent_ssi":"viu_viu00097_c02","parent_ssim":["Folly Farm Papers \n         1774-1891","Business and Legal Papers"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_viu00097","viu_viu00097_c02"],"title_filing_ssi":"Indentures","title_ssm":["Indentures"],"title_tesim":["Indentures"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Indentures, 1774/1846"],"text":["Indentures, 1774/1846","Folly Farm Papers \n         1774-1891","Business and Legal Papers","Box Box 2"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Folly Farm Papers \n         1774-1891","Business and Legal Papers"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Folly Farm Papers \n         1774-1891","Business and Legal Papers"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1774/1846"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1774-1846"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":25,"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Folly Farm Papers \n         1774-1891"],"extent_ssm":["(2 folders) (one oversize folder)"],"extent_tesim":["(2 folders) (one oversize folder)"],"containers_ssim":["Box Box 2"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"date_range_isim":[1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#4","timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:31:56.027Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_viu00097","ead_ssi":"viu_viu00097","_root_":"viu_viu00097","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu00097","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/uva-sc/viu00097.xml","title_ssm":["Folly Farm Papers \n         1774-1891"],"title_tesim":["Folly Farm Papers \n         1774-1891"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Folly Farm Papers \n         1774-1891"],"text":["Folly Farm Papers \n         1774-1891","9380 and 9380-a","842 items","Collection is open to research","Funded in part by a grant from the National Endowment\n            for the Humanities","This collection of 842 items, 1774-1891, n.d., consists of\n         correspondence, business and legal papers, account books and a\n         survey book belonging to various families. The material\n         relates to the \n         Smith familyof \n         Staunton, the \n         Lewis familyof \n         Sweet Springs(now \n         West Virginia) and the \n         Cochran familyof \n         Charlottesvilleand \n         Staunton.","Folly Farmwas founded by \n         Joseph Smithin 1818 and is located about\n         two miles south of \n         Stauntonon Route 11. It has a serpentine\n         wall which was designed by \n         Thomas Jefferson.","Correspondence of the \n         Cochran familyis mainly concerned with\n         family relationships. A few letters relate events in the Civil\n         War. An October 17, 1861 letter speaks of an overcoat factory\n         founded by \n         Stauntonwomen. In a letter to \n         Maggie Cochran(July 1, 1862) the victory\n         over McClellan at \n         Frasyers Farmis described. A letter to \n         Mittie Cochran(September 2, 1861)\n         mentions an engagement near \n         Fairfax. \n         Joseph S. Cochranattended the \n         University of Virginiaand a letter from\n         him (October 7, 1890) mentions his impressions of Professors \n         [Albert Henry] Tuttleand \n         [John William] Mallet.","Letters between \n         John Lewis Cochranand his mother \n         Margaret Lynn (Lewis) Cochrandeals\n         chiefly with family matters. The letter of September 7, 1857\n         mentions the status of their business operations. An\n         interesting letter (June 27, 1848) gives a view of slavery and\n         abolitionists. \n         Nannie Cochran's death and its effects is\n         mentioned in August 20, 1863.","Letters between \n         Howe Peyton Cochranand his mother \n         Margaret Lynn (Lewis) Cochranare about\n         personal affairs and the Civil War. The early letters concern \n         Howe Peyton Cochran's attendance of the \n         Hanover Academywhere he was very bored\n         and often homesick except when he traveled to \n         Richmond. Some interesting Civil War\n         letters are July 27, Sept 5, 14, \u0026 20, 1861. \n         Howe Peyton Cochranleft the active\n         service when a substitute was bought for him (May 23, 1862). A\n         n.d. letter mentions \n         Monticello hospitalbeing condemned due to\n         Typhoid fever. The letter of August 16, 1863 mentions the\n         deaths of \n         Nannie Cohranand \n         Maggie Cochran.","Letters between \n         Willie Lynn Cochranand his mother \n         Margaret Lynn (Lewis) Cochranwere written\n         while \n         Willie Lynn Cochranattended school in \n         Brownsburgand mostly contain pleas for\n         more letters from home.","Letters between \n         Howe Peyton Cochranand his wife \n         Nannie L. (Carrington) Cochran(married\n         December 18, 1860), written during the Civil War, are chiefly\n         personal in nature but many contain a little information about\n         the war. Some of the more important letters are as follows.\n         His letter of January 5, 1861 describes the commanding\n         officers of \n         Howe Peyton Cochran's regiment ( \n         1st regiment Virginia Artillery) which\n         included General Magruder, Colonels Sulakowski, \n         Tom Cobb, \n         Howell Cobb, Montagne, Ward, and Major\n         Brown. Letters of December 8, 11, 13, \u0026 16 detail\n         preparations for an attack that never occurred. Letters of\n         February 24, 25 discuss the problems in the company and an\n         expedition that did not start. The letters of March 1862 also\n         give the problems of the company and preparations for a large\n         battle near \n         Yorktown. The letters of April 1862\n         contain references to the skirmishes occurring at \n         Yorktown. The letters of May 9 and 14,\n         1862 gives a sketch of the battle of \n         Williamsburgwhich \n         Howe Peyton Cochran's regiment did not\n         participate in. Nearly every letter also contains a plan to\n         get out of the service or at least out of his present company\n         and into an office job: Some of the schemes include becoming a\n         teacher at \n         Randolph Macon, becoming a clerk in the\n         war department, or joining his brother \n         James Cochran's unit. A son ( \n         Campbell Carrington Cochran, named for \n         Nannie Cochran's brother who died during\n         the war) was born on July 31, 1863, and \n         Nannie Cochrandied, apparently as a\n         result of complications from childbirth, on August 11,\n         1863.","Joseph D. Cochran's application for a \n         University of Missourichemistry chair\n         mentions his teachers (August 8, 1890) while at the \n         University of Virginiaand \n         College of Richmond. The letter of August\n         21, 1890 states he received references from Professors \n         [John William] Mallet, \n         [Francis Perry] Dunnington, \n         [George Frederick] Holmes, and \n         [Ormond] Stoneof the \n         University of Virginia, Professor Puryear\n         of the \n         College of Richmond, and his present\n         congressman \n         [Henry St. George] Tucker.","In Letters to \n         Campbell Carrington Cochran, two stirring\n         accounts of the virtue of \n         Nannie Cochranand her death are given on\n         the first birthday of \n         Campbell Carrington Cochran, July 31,\n         1864.","In Letters to \n         Henry Cochranfamily affairs are\n         discussed. An October 11, 1862 letter mentions prices of basic\n         foods and how the state is covered with blood, \"Turn whichever\n         way you may nothing meets your eye, but maimed and bleeding\n         soldiers.\" A January 15, 1863 letter mentions the death of \n         Maggie Cochranfrom Typhoid Fever and\n         pneumonia. On March 18, 1863, there is a reference to the\n         battle of \n         Culpepper. A March 31, 1863 letter\n         mentions houses and hospitals being destroyed to use the wood\n         for fuel. An April 16, 1863 letter mentions the prices of\n         food.","Letters to \n         Howe Peyton Cochrancontain more letters\n         about family affairs. Howe was perusing a teaching job at \n         Randolph Maconand the letters of November\n         20, \u0026 27, 1861 mention the peculiarity of the trustees who\n         wished for their teachers to be Methodist and in the military.\n         A letter of April 14, 1862 mentions the death of \n         Campbell Carrington( \n         Nannie Cochran's brother) after the\n         battle of \n         Cournifon April 11, 1862.","Letters to Colonel and Mrs. \n         James C. Cochraninclude correspondence\n         between their sons \n         John L. Cochran, \n         Joseph D. Cochran, and daughter \n         Anne Cochranwho went to \n         Gainesville, Floridabecause of \n         John Cochran's ill health in 1886. The\n         letters give the progression of \n         John Cochran's sickness which did not\n         improve substantially and eventually caused his death in\n         February 1887 after his return to \n         Staunton.","Letters to \n         John Cochrancontains an interesting\n         letter (February 17, 1830) on the price and selling of\n         hogs.","Letters to \n         Margaret Lynn (Lewis) Cochrancontain\n         letters from her brother \n         Thomas Preston Lewiswho served with the \n         War Departmentin the 1850's. There are\n         two interesting letters: January 5, 1852 which mentions the\n         visit of a Magyar to \n         Congresswho apparently impressed\n         everyone, and the concern of the American government over \n         Napoleon Bonapartewho was coming to power\n         in \n         France; and, March 6, 1859 which mentions\n         the factional wars going on in congress and the affect it had\n         on the treasury.","The first few letters to \n         Nannie (Carrington) Cochranare from\n         relations and friends unable to attend her and \n         Howe Peyton Cochran's wedding. The letter\n         of June 10, 1861 is from \n         John Lewis Cochranand contains very\n         interesting Civil War information, including the Union's\n         treatment of prisoners.","The letters to \n         Thomas Preston Lewishave been removed\n         from a letter book containing mostly business letters. There\n         is an index which has been placed at the back of the second\n         folder. \n         Thomas Preston Lewisreceived the right to\n         practice law in \n         Virginiaon September 3, 1847. He received\n         appointments in the \n         census bureau(October 8, 1850 -#48), and\n         later the \n         War Departmentbased on recommendations by\n         Alexander Hugh Holmes Stuart(November 15,\n         1850.) \n         Thomas Preston Lewis' ancestors fought in\n         the battle of \n         Point Pleasantand an attempt had been\n         made to have that battle declared the first of the\n         revolutionary war (August 24, 1858 -#1). A no date letter (#8)\n         contains an inventory of debts \n         Thomas Preston Lewishas at a store and\n         gives prices. Letters of December 29, 1853 (#16 and #20) are\n         introduction letters written by \n         John Buchanan Floyd. October 21, 1851\n         (#48) is a letter from \n         William Sparrow. March 6, 1866 (#159)\n         states that \n         Thomas Preston Lewislost all land in the\n         war and is now broke. Letters of February 14, 1866 (#161),\n         January 21, 1867 (#162) concern \n         Thomas Preston Lewistrying to collect on\n         his debts. \n         Thomas Preston Lewisattempted to have his\n         political disability resulting from service with the\n         confederacy removed (February 25, 1869 -#166, January 24, 1870\n         -#174, January 29, 1870 -#175.) Apparently this attempt was\n         successful because \n         Thomas Preston Lewisreceived help from \n         John F. Lewisin getting an appointment\n         (October 6, 1869 -#169, March 29, 1870 -#183.) \n         John F. Lewishad assisted \n         Thomas Preston Lewisbefore getting him\n         appointed as an assistant to the registrar in 1867 (September\n         28, 1867 -#189.) December 23, 1869 (#168) is from \n         B. F. Ballardand mentions that he will\n         call for a new \n         West Virginiaconstitution. Three letters\n         concern the sale of land held in \n         Iowawhich \n         Thomas Preston Lewisgot from his debt\n         collection (July 13, 1869 -#171, May 12, 1868 -#173, and July\n         25, 1869 -#174.) An item dated April 20, 1871 (#180) is a\n         notice placed by \n         Thomas Preston Lewisto bring all claims\n         for the pensions of veterans of the War of 1812. An August 21,\n         1871 (#196) letter contains an analysis of \n         Rawley Springsin \n         Rockingham County, Virginia. Letters of\n         December 7, 1870 (#204,) February 4, 1873 (#204,) and December\n         18, 1874 (#206) refer to \n         Thomas Preston Lewisstarting and running\n         a school for boys. The school must not have been too\n         successful because the letters of November 12, 1873 and\n         December 1874 (both #207) mention relatives sending what money\n         they can to \n         Thomas Preston Lewis. On September 10,\n         1874 (#209) there is an interesting letter on the \n         Floridaschool system.","Letters to \n         Ann M. Peytonfrom her sister \n         Margaret Lynn (Lewis) Cochranmention the \n         Cochran family's move from \n         Stauntonto \n         Charlottesville(October 24, 1826.) A\n         letter in June 1836 mentions the death of their sister\n         Mary.","Letters to \n         Joseph Smithcontain many applications for\n         loans. \n         Joseph Smithserved in the \n         General Assemblyfrom December 1, 1817 to\n         February 26, 1818 (December 2, 1817.) There is a letter dated\n         January 26, 1832 from \n         R. S. Brookewhich concerns the debate in\n         the \n         General Assemblyover slavery and the\n         conflict abolition has with personal property and\n         compensation. An item of January 13, 1860 values the land held\n         by \n         Joseph Smithto be $74,900.","Letters to \n         Joseph Smithfrom \n         William Widdifieldare mainly concerned\n         with the collection of a debt from \n         David Paul Brown. A letter of March 3,\n         1862 mentions \n         Joseph Smith's brothers \n         Abraham Smithand \n         Silas H. Smith.","Appointments contain some of the appointments and\n         promotions of the families. \n         James Cochranwas appointed justice of the\n         peace in \n         Augusta countyin 1798. There are \n         Joseph Smith's military promotions while\n         a member of \n         Virginia's 32nd militia. \n         James Cochranwas appointed Postmaster of \n         Folly Millsin 1874.","Business Papers contain bills, receipts and promissory\n         notes. One bill of June 15, 1815 is from \n         Joseph Smithto the \n         United Statesfor determining the number\n         of taxable people and taxable items in \n         Augusta county; the total number of\n         taxable people was 589. \n         Joseph Smithwas a life member of the \n         Virginia Agricultural Society(October 11,\n         1854.) Also there are five \n         South Carolinabonds issued after the\n         Civil War, but never cashed in.","Essays and Poetry include a poem lamenting the death of \n         Elizabeth Battaile Smith(November 17,\n         1810), a poem about an insane hospital in \n         Boston(March 1830), an obituary of \n         Magdalene Crawford(May 21, 1849), and\n         lecture notes to teach Physics (n.d.)","French Spoliation claims represent the attempt to get money\n         for the damages done by the French before 1800. The \n         United States, however, had exonerated\n         the French from having to pay so many felt the \n         Federal governmentshould pay the\n         damages.","Inventories of Debts due \n         Joseph Smithcontain detailed lists of\n         everyone and every business which owed \n         Joseph Smithmoney. The amounts were\n         considerable, some reaching as high as $134,000.","Legal documents contain mostly deeds and a few court case\n         decisions.","Slave Lists list all the slaves owned by \n         Joseph Smithand are divided into those\n         which are hired out and those which remain at home. A n.d.\n         item lists the amount spent on some of the slaves for\n         Christmas gifts.","Miscellaneous material includes a confirmation certificate\n         of \n         Ann (Price) Smith(June 5, 1811), lottery\n         tickets (1812), report cards of \n         Campbell Carrington Cochran(1872), a\n         survey attempting to promote the new South (1894), and\n         business cards of \n         Joseph Smithand Dr. \n         Henry Cochran.","index at back of second folder","See the \n            \n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy.","University of Virginia. Library. Special\n            Collections Dept.","Folly Farm","Frasyers Farm","University of Virginia","Hanover Academy","Monticello hospital","1st regiment Virginia Artillery","Randolph Macon","University of Missouri","College of Richmond","War Department","Congress","census bureau","General Assembly","Virginia's 32nd militia","Folly Mills","Virginia Agricultural Society","Federal government","Smith family","Lewis family","Cochran family","Joseph S. Cochran, Jr.","Joseph Smith","Thomas Jefferson","Maggie Cochran","Mittie Cochran","Joseph S. Cochran","[Albert Henry] Tuttle","[John William] Mallet","John Lewis Cochran","Margaret Lynn (Lewis) Cochran","Nannie Cochran","Howe Peyton Cochran","Nannie Cohran","Willie Lynn Cochran","Nannie L. (Carrington) Cochran","Tom Cobb","Howell Cobb","James Cochran","Campbell Carrington Cochran","Joseph D. Cochran","[Francis Perry] Dunnington","[George Frederick] Holmes","[Ormond] Stone","[Henry St. George] Tucker","Henry Cochran","Campbell Carrington","James C. Cochran","John L. Cochran","Anne Cochran","John Cochran","Thomas Preston Lewis","Napoleon Bonaparte","Nannie (Carrington) Cochran","Alexander Hugh Holmes Stuart","John Buchanan Floyd","William Sparrow","John F. Lewis","B. F. Ballard","Ann M. Peyton","R. S. Brooke","William Widdifield","David Paul Brown","Abraham Smith","Silas H. Smith","Elizabeth Battaile Smith","Magdalene Crawford","Ann (Price) Smith","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Folly Farm Papers \n         1774-1891"],"collection_ssim":["Folly Farm Papers \n         1774-1891"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["9380 and 9380-a"],"unitid_tesim":["9380 and 9380-a"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Mr. and Mrs. Joseph S. Cochran,\n         Jr."],"creator_ssim":["Mr. and Mrs. Joseph S. Cochran,\n         Jr."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Joseph S. Cochran, Jr.","Joseph Smith","Thomas Jefferson","Maggie Cochran","Mittie Cochran","Joseph S. Cochran","[Albert Henry] Tuttle","[John William] Mallet","John Lewis Cochran","Margaret Lynn (Lewis) Cochran","Nannie Cochran","Howe Peyton Cochran","Nannie Cohran","Willie Lynn Cochran","Nannie L. (Carrington) Cochran","Tom Cobb","Howell Cobb","James Cochran","Campbell Carrington Cochran","Joseph D. Cochran","[Francis Perry] Dunnington","[George Frederick] Holmes","[Ormond] Stone","[Henry St. George] Tucker","Henry Cochran","Campbell Carrington","James C. Cochran","John L. Cochran","Anne Cochran","John Cochran","Thomas Preston Lewis","Napoleon Bonaparte","Nannie (Carrington) Cochran","Alexander Hugh Holmes Stuart","John Buchanan Floyd","William Sparrow","John F. Lewis","B. F. Ballard","Ann M. Peyton","R. S. Brooke","William Widdifield","David Paul Brown","Abraham Smith","Silas H. Smith","Elizabeth Battaile Smith","Magdalene Crawford","Ann (Price) Smith"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["University of Virginia. Library. Special\n            Collections Dept.","Folly Farm","Frasyers Farm","University of Virginia","Hanover Academy","Monticello hospital","1st regiment Virginia Artillery","Randolph Macon","University of Missouri","College of Richmond","War Department","Congress","census bureau","General Assembly","Virginia's 32nd militia","Folly Mills","Virginia Agricultural Society","Federal government"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Smith family","Lewis family","Cochran family"],"creators_ssim":["Joseph S. Cochran, Jr.","Joseph Smith","Thomas Jefferson","Maggie Cochran","Mittie Cochran","Joseph S. Cochran","[Albert Henry] Tuttle","[John William] Mallet","John Lewis Cochran","Margaret Lynn (Lewis) Cochran","Nannie Cochran","Howe Peyton Cochran","Nannie Cohran","Willie Lynn Cochran","Nannie L. (Carrington) Cochran","Tom Cobb","Howell Cobb","James Cochran","Campbell Carrington Cochran","Joseph D. Cochran","[Francis Perry] Dunnington","[George Frederick] Holmes","[Ormond] Stone","[Henry St. George] Tucker","Henry Cochran","Campbell Carrington","James C. Cochran","John L. Cochran","Anne Cochran","John Cochran","Thomas Preston Lewis","Napoleon Bonaparte","Nannie (Carrington) Cochran","Alexander Hugh Holmes Stuart","John Buchanan Floyd","William Sparrow","John F. Lewis","B. F. Ballard","Ann M. Peyton","R. S. Brooke","William Widdifield","David Paul Brown","Abraham Smith","Silas H. Smith","Elizabeth Battaile Smith","Magdalene Crawford","Ann (Price) Smith","University of Virginia. Library. Special\n            Collections Dept.","Folly Farm","Frasyers Farm","University of Virginia","Hanover Academy","Monticello hospital","1st regiment Virginia Artillery","Randolph Macon","University of Missouri","College of Richmond","War Department","Congress","census bureau","General Assembly","Virginia's 32nd militia","Folly Mills","Virginia Agricultural Society","Federal government","Smith family","Lewis family","Cochran family"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was loaned to the Library by Mr. and\n            Mrs. \n            Joseph S. Cochran, Jr.of \n            Folly Farm, \n            Staunton, Virginia, on \n            October 22, 1969."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["842 items"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFolly Farm Papers, Accession 9380, Special Collections Department, University of\n         Virginia Library\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["Folly Farm Papers, Accession 9380, Special Collections Department, University of\n         Virginia Library"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFunded in part by a grant from the National Endowment\n            for the Humanities\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Funding Note"],"processinfo_tesim":["Funded in part by a grant from the National Endowment\n            for the Humanities"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection of 842 items, 1774-1891, n.d., consists of\n         correspondence, business and legal papers, account books and a\n         survey book belonging to various families. The material\n         relates to the \n         \u003cfamname\u003eSmith family\u003c/famname\u003eof \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eStaunton\u003c/geogname\u003e, the \n         \u003cfamname\u003eLewis family\u003c/famname\u003eof \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eSweet Springs\u003c/geogname\u003e(now \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eWest Virginia\u003c/geogname\u003e) and the \n         \u003cfamname\u003eCochran family\u003c/famname\u003eof \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eCharlottesville\u003c/geogname\u003eand \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eStaunton\u003c/geogname\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e\u003ccorpname\u003eFolly Farm\u003c/corpname\u003ewas founded by \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJoseph Smith\u003c/persname\u003ein 1818 and is located about\n         two miles south of \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eStaunton\u003c/geogname\u003eon Route 11. It has a serpentine\n         wall which was designed by \n         \u003cpersname\u003eThomas Jefferson\u003c/persname\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence of the \n         \u003cfamname\u003eCochran family\u003c/famname\u003eis mainly concerned with\n         family relationships. A few letters relate events in the Civil\n         War. An October 17, 1861 letter speaks of an overcoat factory\n         founded by \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eStaunton\u003c/geogname\u003ewomen. In a letter to \n         \u003cpersname\u003eMaggie Cochran\u003c/persname\u003e(July 1, 1862) the victory\n         over McClellan at \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eFrasyers Farm\u003c/corpname\u003eis described. A letter to \n         \u003cpersname\u003eMittie Cochran\u003c/persname\u003e(September 2, 1861)\n         mentions an engagement near \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eFairfax\u003c/geogname\u003e. \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJoseph S. Cochran\u003c/persname\u003eattended the \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eUniversity of Virginia\u003c/corpname\u003eand a letter from\n         him (October 7, 1890) mentions his impressions of Professors \n         \u003cpersname\u003e[Albert Henry] Tuttle\u003c/persname\u003eand \n         \u003cpersname\u003e[John William] Mallet\u003c/persname\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eLetters between \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJohn Lewis Cochran\u003c/persname\u003eand his mother \n         \u003cpersname\u003eMargaret Lynn (Lewis) Cochran\u003c/persname\u003edeals\n         chiefly with family matters. The letter of September 7, 1857\n         mentions the status of their business operations. An\n         interesting letter (June 27, 1848) gives a view of slavery and\n         abolitionists. \n         \u003cpersname\u003eNannie Cochran\u003c/persname\u003e's death and its effects is\n         mentioned in August 20, 1863.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eLetters between \n         \u003cpersname\u003eHowe Peyton Cochran\u003c/persname\u003eand his mother \n         \u003cpersname\u003eMargaret Lynn (Lewis) Cochran\u003c/persname\u003eare about\n         personal affairs and the Civil War. The early letters concern \n         \u003cpersname\u003eHowe Peyton Cochran\u003c/persname\u003e's attendance of the \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eHanover Academy\u003c/corpname\u003ewhere he was very bored\n         and often homesick except when he traveled to \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eRichmond\u003c/geogname\u003e. Some interesting Civil War\n         letters are July 27, Sept 5, 14, \u0026amp; 20, 1861. \n         \u003cpersname\u003eHowe Peyton Cochran\u003c/persname\u003eleft the active\n         service when a substitute was bought for him (May 23, 1862). A\n         n.d. letter mentions \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eMonticello hospital\u003c/corpname\u003ebeing condemned due to\n         Typhoid fever. The letter of August 16, 1863 mentions the\n         deaths of \n         \u003cpersname\u003eNannie Cohran\u003c/persname\u003eand \n         \u003cpersname\u003eMaggie Cochran\u003c/persname\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eLetters between \n         \u003cpersname\u003eWillie Lynn Cochran\u003c/persname\u003eand his mother \n         \u003cpersname\u003eMargaret Lynn (Lewis) Cochran\u003c/persname\u003ewere written\n         while \n         \u003cpersname\u003eWillie Lynn Cochran\u003c/persname\u003eattended school in \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eBrownsburg\u003c/geogname\u003eand mostly contain pleas for\n         more letters from home.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eLetters between \n         \u003cpersname\u003eHowe Peyton Cochran\u003c/persname\u003eand his wife \n         \u003cpersname\u003eNannie L. (Carrington) Cochran\u003c/persname\u003e(married\n         December 18, 1860), written during the Civil War, are chiefly\n         personal in nature but many contain a little information about\n         the war. Some of the more important letters are as follows.\n         His letter of January 5, 1861 describes the commanding\n         officers of \n         \u003cpersname\u003eHowe Peyton Cochran\u003c/persname\u003e's regiment ( \n         \u003ccorpname\u003e1st regiment Virginia Artillery\u003c/corpname\u003e) which\n         included General Magruder, Colonels Sulakowski, \n         \u003cpersname\u003eTom Cobb\u003c/persname\u003e, \n         \u003cpersname\u003eHowell Cobb\u003c/persname\u003e, Montagne, Ward, and Major\n         Brown. Letters of December 8, 11, 13, \u0026amp; 16 detail\n         preparations for an attack that never occurred. Letters of\n         February 24, 25 discuss the problems in the company and an\n         expedition that did not start. The letters of March 1862 also\n         give the problems of the company and preparations for a large\n         battle near \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eYorktown\u003c/geogname\u003e. The letters of April 1862\n         contain references to the skirmishes occurring at \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eYorktown\u003c/geogname\u003e. The letters of May 9 and 14,\n         1862 gives a sketch of the battle of \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eWilliamsburg\u003c/geogname\u003ewhich \n         \u003cpersname\u003eHowe Peyton Cochran\u003c/persname\u003e's regiment did not\n         participate in. Nearly every letter also contains a plan to\n         get out of the service or at least out of his present company\n         and into an office job: Some of the schemes include becoming a\n         teacher at \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eRandolph Macon\u003c/corpname\u003e, becoming a clerk in the\n         war department, or joining his brother \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJames Cochran\u003c/persname\u003e's unit. A son ( \n         \u003cpersname\u003eCampbell Carrington Cochran\u003c/persname\u003e, named for \n         \u003cpersname\u003eNannie Cochran\u003c/persname\u003e's brother who died during\n         the war) was born on July 31, 1863, and \n         \u003cpersname\u003eNannie Cochran\u003c/persname\u003edied, apparently as a\n         result of complications from childbirth, on August 11,\n         1863.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e\u003cpersname\u003eJoseph D. Cochran\u003c/persname\u003e's application for a \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eUniversity of Missouri\u003c/corpname\u003echemistry chair\n         mentions his teachers (August 8, 1890) while at the \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eUniversity of Virginia\u003c/corpname\u003eand \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eCollege of Richmond\u003c/corpname\u003e. The letter of August\n         21, 1890 states he received references from Professors \n         \u003cpersname\u003e[John William] Mallet\u003c/persname\u003e, \n         \u003cpersname\u003e[Francis Perry] Dunnington\u003c/persname\u003e, \n         \u003cpersname\u003e[George Frederick] Holmes\u003c/persname\u003e, and \n         \u003cpersname\u003e[Ormond] Stone\u003c/persname\u003eof the \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eUniversity of Virginia\u003c/corpname\u003e, Professor Puryear\n         of the \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eCollege of Richmond\u003c/corpname\u003e, and his present\n         congressman \n         \u003cpersname\u003e[Henry St. George] Tucker\u003c/persname\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn Letters to \n         \u003cpersname\u003eCampbell Carrington Cochran\u003c/persname\u003e, two stirring\n         accounts of the virtue of \n         \u003cpersname\u003eNannie Cochran\u003c/persname\u003eand her death are given on\n         the first birthday of \n         \u003cpersname\u003eCampbell Carrington Cochran\u003c/persname\u003e, July 31,\n         1864.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn Letters to \n         \u003cpersname\u003eHenry Cochran\u003c/persname\u003efamily affairs are\n         discussed. An October 11, 1862 letter mentions prices of basic\n         foods and how the state is covered with blood, \"Turn whichever\n         way you may nothing meets your eye, but maimed and bleeding\n         soldiers.\" A January 15, 1863 letter mentions the death of \n         \u003cpersname\u003eMaggie Cochran\u003c/persname\u003efrom Typhoid Fever and\n         pneumonia. On March 18, 1863, there is a reference to the\n         battle of \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eCulpepper\u003c/geogname\u003e. A March 31, 1863 letter\n         mentions houses and hospitals being destroyed to use the wood\n         for fuel. An April 16, 1863 letter mentions the prices of\n         food.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eLetters to \n         \u003cpersname\u003eHowe Peyton Cochran\u003c/persname\u003econtain more letters\n         about family affairs. Howe was perusing a teaching job at \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eRandolph Macon\u003c/corpname\u003eand the letters of November\n         20, \u0026amp; 27, 1861 mention the peculiarity of the trustees who\n         wished for their teachers to be Methodist and in the military.\n         A letter of April 14, 1862 mentions the death of \n         \u003cpersname\u003eCampbell Carrington\u003c/persname\u003e( \n         \u003cpersname\u003eNannie Cochran\u003c/persname\u003e's brother) after the\n         battle of \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eCournif\u003c/geogname\u003eon April 11, 1862.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eLetters to Colonel and Mrs. \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJames C. Cochran\u003c/persname\u003einclude correspondence\n         between their sons \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJohn L. Cochran\u003c/persname\u003e, \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJoseph D. Cochran\u003c/persname\u003e, and daughter \n         \u003cpersname\u003eAnne Cochran\u003c/persname\u003ewho went to \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eGainesville, Florida\u003c/geogname\u003ebecause of \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJohn Cochran\u003c/persname\u003e's ill health in 1886. The\n         letters give the progression of \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJohn Cochran\u003c/persname\u003e's sickness which did not\n         improve substantially and eventually caused his death in\n         February 1887 after his return to \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eStaunton\u003c/geogname\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eLetters to \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJohn Cochran\u003c/persname\u003econtains an interesting\n         letter (February 17, 1830) on the price and selling of\n         hogs.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eLetters to \n         \u003cpersname\u003eMargaret Lynn (Lewis) Cochran\u003c/persname\u003econtain\n         letters from her brother \n         \u003cpersname\u003eThomas Preston Lewis\u003c/persname\u003ewho served with the \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eWar Department\u003c/corpname\u003ein the 1850's. There are\n         two interesting letters: January 5, 1852 which mentions the\n         visit of a Magyar to \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eCongress\u003c/corpname\u003ewho apparently impressed\n         everyone, and the concern of the American government over \n         \u003cpersname\u003eNapoleon Bonaparte\u003c/persname\u003ewho was coming to power\n         in \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eFrance\u003c/geogname\u003e; and, March 6, 1859 which mentions\n         the factional wars going on in congress and the affect it had\n         on the treasury.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe first few letters to \n         \u003cpersname\u003eNannie (Carrington) Cochran\u003c/persname\u003eare from\n         relations and friends unable to attend her and \n         \u003cpersname\u003eHowe Peyton Cochran\u003c/persname\u003e's wedding. The letter\n         of June 10, 1861 is from \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJohn Lewis Cochran\u003c/persname\u003eand contains very\n         interesting Civil War information, including the Union's\n         treatment of prisoners.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe letters to \n         \u003cpersname\u003eThomas Preston Lewis\u003c/persname\u003ehave been removed\n         from a letter book containing mostly business letters. There\n         is an index which has been placed at the back of the second\n         folder. \n         \u003cpersname\u003eThomas Preston Lewis\u003c/persname\u003ereceived the right to\n         practice law in \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eVirginia\u003c/geogname\u003eon September 3, 1847. He received\n         appointments in the \n         \u003ccorpname\u003ecensus bureau\u003c/corpname\u003e(October 8, 1850 -#48), and\n         later the \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eWar Department\u003c/corpname\u003ebased on recommendations by\n         \u003cpersname\u003eAlexander Hugh Holmes Stuart\u003c/persname\u003e(November 15,\n         1850.) \n         \u003cpersname\u003eThomas Preston Lewis\u003c/persname\u003e' ancestors fought in\n         the battle of \n         \u003cgeogname\u003ePoint Pleasant\u003c/geogname\u003eand an attempt had been\n         made to have that battle declared the first of the\n         revolutionary war (August 24, 1858 -#1). A no date letter (#8)\n         contains an inventory of debts \n         \u003cpersname\u003eThomas Preston Lewis\u003c/persname\u003ehas at a store and\n         gives prices. Letters of December 29, 1853 (#16 and #20) are\n         introduction letters written by \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJohn Buchanan Floyd\u003c/persname\u003e. October 21, 1851\n         (#48) is a letter from \n         \u003cpersname\u003eWilliam Sparrow\u003c/persname\u003e. March 6, 1866 (#159)\n         states that \n         \u003cpersname\u003eThomas Preston Lewis\u003c/persname\u003elost all land in the\n         war and is now broke. Letters of February 14, 1866 (#161),\n         January 21, 1867 (#162) concern \n         \u003cpersname\u003eThomas Preston Lewis\u003c/persname\u003etrying to collect on\n         his debts. \n         \u003cpersname\u003eThomas Preston Lewis\u003c/persname\u003eattempted to have his\n         political disability resulting from service with the\n         confederacy removed (February 25, 1869 -#166, January 24, 1870\n         -#174, January 29, 1870 -#175.) Apparently this attempt was\n         successful because \n         \u003cpersname\u003eThomas Preston Lewis\u003c/persname\u003ereceived help from \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJohn F. Lewis\u003c/persname\u003ein getting an appointment\n         (October 6, 1869 -#169, March 29, 1870 -#183.) \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJohn F. Lewis\u003c/persname\u003ehad assisted \n         \u003cpersname\u003eThomas Preston Lewis\u003c/persname\u003ebefore getting him\n         appointed as an assistant to the registrar in 1867 (September\n         28, 1867 -#189.) December 23, 1869 (#168) is from \n         \u003cpersname\u003eB. F. Ballard\u003c/persname\u003eand mentions that he will\n         call for a new \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eWest Virginia\u003c/geogname\u003econstitution. Three letters\n         concern the sale of land held in \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eIowa\u003c/geogname\u003ewhich \n         \u003cpersname\u003eThomas Preston Lewis\u003c/persname\u003egot from his debt\n         collection (July 13, 1869 -#171, May 12, 1868 -#173, and July\n         25, 1869 -#174.) An item dated April 20, 1871 (#180) is a\n         notice placed by \n         \u003cpersname\u003eThomas Preston Lewis\u003c/persname\u003eto bring all claims\n         for the pensions of veterans of the War of 1812. An August 21,\n         1871 (#196) letter contains an analysis of \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eRawley Springs\u003c/geogname\u003ein \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eRockingham County, Virginia\u003c/geogname\u003e. Letters of\n         December 7, 1870 (#204,) February 4, 1873 (#204,) and December\n         18, 1874 (#206) refer to \n         \u003cpersname\u003eThomas Preston Lewis\u003c/persname\u003estarting and running\n         a school for boys. The school must not have been too\n         successful because the letters of November 12, 1873 and\n         December 1874 (both #207) mention relatives sending what money\n         they can to \n         \u003cpersname\u003eThomas Preston Lewis\u003c/persname\u003e. On September 10,\n         1874 (#209) there is an interesting letter on the \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eFlorida\u003c/geogname\u003eschool system.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eLetters to \n         \u003cpersname\u003eAnn M. Peyton\u003c/persname\u003efrom her sister \n         \u003cpersname\u003eMargaret Lynn (Lewis) Cochran\u003c/persname\u003emention the \n         \u003cfamname\u003eCochran family\u003c/famname\u003e's move from \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eStaunton\u003c/geogname\u003eto \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eCharlottesville\u003c/geogname\u003e(October 24, 1826.) A\n         letter in June 1836 mentions the death of their sister\n         Mary.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eLetters to \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJoseph Smith\u003c/persname\u003econtain many applications for\n         loans. \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJoseph Smith\u003c/persname\u003eserved in the \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eGeneral Assembly\u003c/corpname\u003efrom December 1, 1817 to\n         February 26, 1818 (December 2, 1817.) There is a letter dated\n         January 26, 1832 from \n         \u003cpersname\u003eR. S. Brooke\u003c/persname\u003ewhich concerns the debate in\n         the \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eGeneral Assembly\u003c/corpname\u003eover slavery and the\n         conflict abolition has with personal property and\n         compensation. An item of January 13, 1860 values the land held\n         by \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJoseph Smith\u003c/persname\u003eto be $74,900.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eLetters to \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJoseph Smith\u003c/persname\u003efrom \n         \u003cpersname\u003eWilliam Widdifield\u003c/persname\u003eare mainly concerned\n         with the collection of a debt from \n         \u003cpersname\u003eDavid Paul Brown\u003c/persname\u003e. A letter of March 3,\n         1862 mentions \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJoseph Smith\u003c/persname\u003e's brothers \n         \u003cpersname\u003eAbraham Smith\u003c/persname\u003eand \n         \u003cpersname\u003eSilas H. Smith\u003c/persname\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eAppointments contain some of the appointments and\n         promotions of the families. \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJames Cochran\u003c/persname\u003ewas appointed justice of the\n         peace in \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eAugusta county\u003c/geogname\u003ein 1798. There are \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJoseph Smith\u003c/persname\u003e's military promotions while\n         a member of \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eVirginia's 32nd militia\u003c/corpname\u003e. \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJames Cochran\u003c/persname\u003ewas appointed Postmaster of \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eFolly Mills\u003c/corpname\u003ein 1874.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eBusiness Papers contain bills, receipts and promissory\n         notes. One bill of June 15, 1815 is from \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJoseph Smith\u003c/persname\u003eto the \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eUnited States\u003c/geogname\u003efor determining the number\n         of taxable people and taxable items in \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eAugusta county\u003c/geogname\u003e; the total number of\n         taxable people was 589. \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJoseph Smith\u003c/persname\u003ewas a life member of the \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eVirginia Agricultural Society\u003c/corpname\u003e(October 11,\n         1854.) Also there are five \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eSouth Carolina\u003c/geogname\u003ebonds issued after the\n         Civil War, but never cashed in.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eEssays and Poetry include a poem lamenting the death of \n         \u003cpersname\u003eElizabeth Battaile Smith\u003c/persname\u003e(November 17,\n         1810), a poem about an insane hospital in \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eBoston\u003c/geogname\u003e(March 1830), an obituary of \n         \u003cpersname\u003eMagdalene Crawford\u003c/persname\u003e(May 21, 1849), and\n         lecture notes to teach Physics (n.d.)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eFrench Spoliation claims represent the attempt to get money\n         for the damages done by the French before 1800. The \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eUnited States\u003c/geogname\u003e, however, had exonerated\n         the French from having to pay so many felt the \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eFederal government\u003c/corpname\u003eshould pay the\n         damages.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eInventories of Debts due \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJoseph Smith\u003c/persname\u003econtain detailed lists of\n         everyone and every business which owed \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJoseph Smith\u003c/persname\u003emoney. The amounts were\n         considerable, some reaching as high as $134,000.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eLegal documents contain mostly deeds and a few court case\n         decisions.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSlave Lists list all the slaves owned by \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJoseph Smith\u003c/persname\u003eand are divided into those\n         which are hired out and those which remain at home. A n.d.\n         item lists the amount spent on some of the slaves for\n         Christmas gifts.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eMiscellaneous material includes a confirmation certificate\n         of \n         \u003cpersname\u003eAnn (Price) Smith\u003c/persname\u003e(June 5, 1811), lottery\n         tickets (1812), report cards of \n         \u003cpersname\u003eCampbell Carrington Cochran\u003c/persname\u003e(1872), a\n         survey attempting to promote the new South (1894), and\n         business cards of \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJoseph Smith\u003c/persname\u003eand Dr. \n         \u003cpersname\u003eHenry Cochran\u003c/persname\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n    ","\u003cp\u003eindex at back of second folder\u003c/p\u003e\n          "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection of 842 items, 1774-1891, n.d., consists of\n         correspondence, business and legal papers, account books and a\n         survey book belonging to various families. The material\n         relates to the \n         Smith familyof \n         Staunton, the \n         Lewis familyof \n         Sweet Springs(now \n         West Virginia) and the \n         Cochran familyof \n         Charlottesvilleand \n         Staunton.","Folly Farmwas founded by \n         Joseph Smithin 1818 and is located about\n         two miles south of \n         Stauntonon Route 11. It has a serpentine\n         wall which was designed by \n         Thomas Jefferson.","Correspondence of the \n         Cochran familyis mainly concerned with\n         family relationships. A few letters relate events in the Civil\n         War. An October 17, 1861 letter speaks of an overcoat factory\n         founded by \n         Stauntonwomen. In a letter to \n         Maggie Cochran(July 1, 1862) the victory\n         over McClellan at \n         Frasyers Farmis described. A letter to \n         Mittie Cochran(September 2, 1861)\n         mentions an engagement near \n         Fairfax. \n         Joseph S. Cochranattended the \n         University of Virginiaand a letter from\n         him (October 7, 1890) mentions his impressions of Professors \n         [Albert Henry] Tuttleand \n         [John William] Mallet.","Letters between \n         John Lewis Cochranand his mother \n         Margaret Lynn (Lewis) Cochrandeals\n         chiefly with family matters. The letter of September 7, 1857\n         mentions the status of their business operations. An\n         interesting letter (June 27, 1848) gives a view of slavery and\n         abolitionists. \n         Nannie Cochran's death and its effects is\n         mentioned in August 20, 1863.","Letters between \n         Howe Peyton Cochranand his mother \n         Margaret Lynn (Lewis) Cochranare about\n         personal affairs and the Civil War. The early letters concern \n         Howe Peyton Cochran's attendance of the \n         Hanover Academywhere he was very bored\n         and often homesick except when he traveled to \n         Richmond. Some interesting Civil War\n         letters are July 27, Sept 5, 14, \u0026 20, 1861. \n         Howe Peyton Cochranleft the active\n         service when a substitute was bought for him (May 23, 1862). A\n         n.d. letter mentions \n         Monticello hospitalbeing condemned due to\n         Typhoid fever. The letter of August 16, 1863 mentions the\n         deaths of \n         Nannie Cohranand \n         Maggie Cochran.","Letters between \n         Willie Lynn Cochranand his mother \n         Margaret Lynn (Lewis) Cochranwere written\n         while \n         Willie Lynn Cochranattended school in \n         Brownsburgand mostly contain pleas for\n         more letters from home.","Letters between \n         Howe Peyton Cochranand his wife \n         Nannie L. (Carrington) Cochran(married\n         December 18, 1860), written during the Civil War, are chiefly\n         personal in nature but many contain a little information about\n         the war. Some of the more important letters are as follows.\n         His letter of January 5, 1861 describes the commanding\n         officers of \n         Howe Peyton Cochran's regiment ( \n         1st regiment Virginia Artillery) which\n         included General Magruder, Colonels Sulakowski, \n         Tom Cobb, \n         Howell Cobb, Montagne, Ward, and Major\n         Brown. Letters of December 8, 11, 13, \u0026 16 detail\n         preparations for an attack that never occurred. Letters of\n         February 24, 25 discuss the problems in the company and an\n         expedition that did not start. The letters of March 1862 also\n         give the problems of the company and preparations for a large\n         battle near \n         Yorktown. The letters of April 1862\n         contain references to the skirmishes occurring at \n         Yorktown. The letters of May 9 and 14,\n         1862 gives a sketch of the battle of \n         Williamsburgwhich \n         Howe Peyton Cochran's regiment did not\n         participate in. Nearly every letter also contains a plan to\n         get out of the service or at least out of his present company\n         and into an office job: Some of the schemes include becoming a\n         teacher at \n         Randolph Macon, becoming a clerk in the\n         war department, or joining his brother \n         James Cochran's unit. A son ( \n         Campbell Carrington Cochran, named for \n         Nannie Cochran's brother who died during\n         the war) was born on July 31, 1863, and \n         Nannie Cochrandied, apparently as a\n         result of complications from childbirth, on August 11,\n         1863.","Joseph D. Cochran's application for a \n         University of Missourichemistry chair\n         mentions his teachers (August 8, 1890) while at the \n         University of Virginiaand \n         College of Richmond. The letter of August\n         21, 1890 states he received references from Professors \n         [John William] Mallet, \n         [Francis Perry] Dunnington, \n         [George Frederick] Holmes, and \n         [Ormond] Stoneof the \n         University of Virginia, Professor Puryear\n         of the \n         College of Richmond, and his present\n         congressman \n         [Henry St. George] Tucker.","In Letters to \n         Campbell Carrington Cochran, two stirring\n         accounts of the virtue of \n         Nannie Cochranand her death are given on\n         the first birthday of \n         Campbell Carrington Cochran, July 31,\n         1864.","In Letters to \n         Henry Cochranfamily affairs are\n         discussed. An October 11, 1862 letter mentions prices of basic\n         foods and how the state is covered with blood, \"Turn whichever\n         way you may nothing meets your eye, but maimed and bleeding\n         soldiers.\" A January 15, 1863 letter mentions the death of \n         Maggie Cochranfrom Typhoid Fever and\n         pneumonia. On March 18, 1863, there is a reference to the\n         battle of \n         Culpepper. A March 31, 1863 letter\n         mentions houses and hospitals being destroyed to use the wood\n         for fuel. An April 16, 1863 letter mentions the prices of\n         food.","Letters to \n         Howe Peyton Cochrancontain more letters\n         about family affairs. Howe was perusing a teaching job at \n         Randolph Maconand the letters of November\n         20, \u0026 27, 1861 mention the peculiarity of the trustees who\n         wished for their teachers to be Methodist and in the military.\n         A letter of April 14, 1862 mentions the death of \n         Campbell Carrington( \n         Nannie Cochran's brother) after the\n         battle of \n         Cournifon April 11, 1862.","Letters to Colonel and Mrs. \n         James C. Cochraninclude correspondence\n         between their sons \n         John L. Cochran, \n         Joseph D. Cochran, and daughter \n         Anne Cochranwho went to \n         Gainesville, Floridabecause of \n         John Cochran's ill health in 1886. The\n         letters give the progression of \n         John Cochran's sickness which did not\n         improve substantially and eventually caused his death in\n         February 1887 after his return to \n         Staunton.","Letters to \n         John Cochrancontains an interesting\n         letter (February 17, 1830) on the price and selling of\n         hogs.","Letters to \n         Margaret Lynn (Lewis) Cochrancontain\n         letters from her brother \n         Thomas Preston Lewiswho served with the \n         War Departmentin the 1850's. There are\n         two interesting letters: January 5, 1852 which mentions the\n         visit of a Magyar to \n         Congresswho apparently impressed\n         everyone, and the concern of the American government over \n         Napoleon Bonapartewho was coming to power\n         in \n         France; and, March 6, 1859 which mentions\n         the factional wars going on in congress and the affect it had\n         on the treasury.","The first few letters to \n         Nannie (Carrington) Cochranare from\n         relations and friends unable to attend her and \n         Howe Peyton Cochran's wedding. The letter\n         of June 10, 1861 is from \n         John Lewis Cochranand contains very\n         interesting Civil War information, including the Union's\n         treatment of prisoners.","The letters to \n         Thomas Preston Lewishave been removed\n         from a letter book containing mostly business letters. There\n         is an index which has been placed at the back of the second\n         folder. \n         Thomas Preston Lewisreceived the right to\n         practice law in \n         Virginiaon September 3, 1847. He received\n         appointments in the \n         census bureau(October 8, 1850 -#48), and\n         later the \n         War Departmentbased on recommendations by\n         Alexander Hugh Holmes Stuart(November 15,\n         1850.) \n         Thomas Preston Lewis' ancestors fought in\n         the battle of \n         Point Pleasantand an attempt had been\n         made to have that battle declared the first of the\n         revolutionary war (August 24, 1858 -#1). A no date letter (#8)\n         contains an inventory of debts \n         Thomas Preston Lewishas at a store and\n         gives prices. Letters of December 29, 1853 (#16 and #20) are\n         introduction letters written by \n         John Buchanan Floyd. October 21, 1851\n         (#48) is a letter from \n         William Sparrow. March 6, 1866 (#159)\n         states that \n         Thomas Preston Lewislost all land in the\n         war and is now broke. Letters of February 14, 1866 (#161),\n         January 21, 1867 (#162) concern \n         Thomas Preston Lewistrying to collect on\n         his debts. \n         Thomas Preston Lewisattempted to have his\n         political disability resulting from service with the\n         confederacy removed (February 25, 1869 -#166, January 24, 1870\n         -#174, January 29, 1870 -#175.) Apparently this attempt was\n         successful because \n         Thomas Preston Lewisreceived help from \n         John F. Lewisin getting an appointment\n         (October 6, 1869 -#169, March 29, 1870 -#183.) \n         John F. Lewishad assisted \n         Thomas Preston Lewisbefore getting him\n         appointed as an assistant to the registrar in 1867 (September\n         28, 1867 -#189.) December 23, 1869 (#168) is from \n         B. F. Ballardand mentions that he will\n         call for a new \n         West Virginiaconstitution. Three letters\n         concern the sale of land held in \n         Iowawhich \n         Thomas Preston Lewisgot from his debt\n         collection (July 13, 1869 -#171, May 12, 1868 -#173, and July\n         25, 1869 -#174.) An item dated April 20, 1871 (#180) is a\n         notice placed by \n         Thomas Preston Lewisto bring all claims\n         for the pensions of veterans of the War of 1812. An August 21,\n         1871 (#196) letter contains an analysis of \n         Rawley Springsin \n         Rockingham County, Virginia. Letters of\n         December 7, 1870 (#204,) February 4, 1873 (#204,) and December\n         18, 1874 (#206) refer to \n         Thomas Preston Lewisstarting and running\n         a school for boys. The school must not have been too\n         successful because the letters of November 12, 1873 and\n         December 1874 (both #207) mention relatives sending what money\n         they can to \n         Thomas Preston Lewis. On September 10,\n         1874 (#209) there is an interesting letter on the \n         Floridaschool system.","Letters to \n         Ann M. Peytonfrom her sister \n         Margaret Lynn (Lewis) Cochranmention the \n         Cochran family's move from \n         Stauntonto \n         Charlottesville(October 24, 1826.) A\n         letter in June 1836 mentions the death of their sister\n         Mary.","Letters to \n         Joseph Smithcontain many applications for\n         loans. \n         Joseph Smithserved in the \n         General Assemblyfrom December 1, 1817 to\n         February 26, 1818 (December 2, 1817.) There is a letter dated\n         January 26, 1832 from \n         R. S. Brookewhich concerns the debate in\n         the \n         General Assemblyover slavery and the\n         conflict abolition has with personal property and\n         compensation. An item of January 13, 1860 values the land held\n         by \n         Joseph Smithto be $74,900.","Letters to \n         Joseph Smithfrom \n         William Widdifieldare mainly concerned\n         with the collection of a debt from \n         David Paul Brown. A letter of March 3,\n         1862 mentions \n         Joseph Smith's brothers \n         Abraham Smithand \n         Silas H. Smith.","Appointments contain some of the appointments and\n         promotions of the families. \n         James Cochranwas appointed justice of the\n         peace in \n         Augusta countyin 1798. There are \n         Joseph Smith's military promotions while\n         a member of \n         Virginia's 32nd militia. \n         James Cochranwas appointed Postmaster of \n         Folly Millsin 1874.","Business Papers contain bills, receipts and promissory\n         notes. One bill of June 15, 1815 is from \n         Joseph Smithto the \n         United Statesfor determining the number\n         of taxable people and taxable items in \n         Augusta county; the total number of\n         taxable people was 589. \n         Joseph Smithwas a life member of the \n         Virginia Agricultural Society(October 11,\n         1854.) Also there are five \n         South Carolinabonds issued after the\n         Civil War, but never cashed in.","Essays and Poetry include a poem lamenting the death of \n         Elizabeth Battaile Smith(November 17,\n         1810), a poem about an insane hospital in \n         Boston(March 1830), an obituary of \n         Magdalene Crawford(May 21, 1849), and\n         lecture notes to teach Physics (n.d.)","French Spoliation claims represent the attempt to get money\n         for the damages done by the French before 1800. The \n         United States, however, had exonerated\n         the French from having to pay so many felt the \n         Federal governmentshould pay the\n         damages.","Inventories of Debts due \n         Joseph Smithcontain detailed lists of\n         everyone and every business which owed \n         Joseph Smithmoney. The amounts were\n         considerable, some reaching as high as $134,000.","Legal documents contain mostly deeds and a few court case\n         decisions.","Slave Lists list all the slaves owned by \n         Joseph Smithand are divided into those\n         which are hired out and those which remain at home. A n.d.\n         item lists the amount spent on some of the slaves for\n         Christmas gifts.","Miscellaneous material includes a confirmation certificate\n         of \n         Ann (Price) Smith(June 5, 1811), lottery\n         tickets (1812), report cards of \n         Campbell Carrington Cochran(1872), a\n         survey attempting to promote the new South (1894), and\n         business cards of \n         Joseph Smithand Dr. \n         Henry Cochran.","index at back of second folder"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee the \n            \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.library.virginia.edu/policies/use-of-materials\"\u003e\n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy.\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["See the \n            \n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n      "],"corpname_ssim":["University of Virginia. Library. Special\n            Collections Dept.","Folly Farm","Frasyers Farm","University of Virginia","Hanover Academy","Monticello hospital","1st regiment Virginia Artillery","Randolph Macon","University of Missouri","College of Richmond","War Department","Congress","census bureau","General Assembly","Virginia's 32nd militia","Folly Mills","Virginia Agricultural Society","Federal government"],"famname_ssim":["Smith family","Lewis family","Cochran family"],"persname_ssim":["Joseph S. Cochran, Jr.","Joseph Smith","Thomas Jefferson","Maggie Cochran","Mittie Cochran","Joseph S. Cochran","[Albert Henry] Tuttle","[John William] Mallet","John Lewis Cochran","Margaret Lynn (Lewis) Cochran","Nannie Cochran","Howe Peyton Cochran","Nannie Cohran","Willie Lynn Cochran","Nannie L. (Carrington) Cochran","Tom Cobb","Howell Cobb","James Cochran","Campbell Carrington Cochran","Joseph D. Cochran","[Francis Perry] Dunnington","[George Frederick] Holmes","[Ormond] Stone","[Henry St. George] Tucker","Henry Cochran","Campbell Carrington","James C. Cochran","John L. Cochran","Anne Cochran","John Cochran","Thomas Preston Lewis","Napoleon Bonaparte","Nannie (Carrington) Cochran","Alexander Hugh Holmes Stuart","John Buchanan Floyd","William Sparrow","John F. Lewis","B. F. Ballard","Ann M. Peyton","R. S. Brooke","William Widdifield","David Paul Brown","Abraham Smith","Silas H. Smith","Elizabeth Battaile Smith","Magdalene Crawford","Ann (Price) Smith"],"names_ssim":["University of Virginia. Library. Special\n            Collections Dept.","Folly Farm","Frasyers Farm","University of Virginia","Hanover Academy","Monticello hospital","1st regiment Virginia Artillery","Randolph Macon","University of Missouri","College of Richmond","War Department","Congress","census bureau","General Assembly","Virginia's 32nd militia","Folly Mills","Virginia Agricultural Society","Federal government","Smith family","Lewis family","Cochran family","Joseph S. Cochran, Jr.","Joseph Smith","Thomas Jefferson","Maggie Cochran","Mittie Cochran","Joseph S. Cochran","[Albert Henry] Tuttle","[John William] Mallet","John Lewis Cochran","Margaret Lynn (Lewis) Cochran","Nannie Cochran","Howe Peyton Cochran","Nannie Cohran","Willie Lynn Cochran","Nannie L. (Carrington) Cochran","Tom Cobb","Howell Cobb","James Cochran","Campbell Carrington Cochran","Joseph D. Cochran","[Francis Perry] Dunnington","[George Frederick] Holmes","[Ormond] Stone","[Henry St. George] Tucker","Henry Cochran","Campbell Carrington","James C. Cochran","John L. Cochran","Anne Cochran","John Cochran","Thomas Preston Lewis","Napoleon Bonaparte","Nannie (Carrington) Cochran","Alexander Hugh Holmes Stuart","John Buchanan Floyd","William Sparrow","John F. Lewis","B. F. Ballard","Ann M. Peyton","R. S. Brooke","William Widdifield","David Paul Brown","Abraham Smith","Silas H. Smith","Elizabeth Battaile Smith","Magdalene Crawford","Ann (Price) Smith"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":42,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:31:56.027Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu00097_c02_c05"}},{"id":"viu_viu00272_c03_c66","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Indentures and Related, 1743/1784","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu00272_c03_c66#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_viu00272_c03_c66","ref_ssm":["viu_viu00272_c03_c66"],"id":"viu_viu00272_c03_c66","ead_ssi":"viu_viu00272","_root_":"viu_viu00272","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu00272_c03","parent_ssi":"viu_viu00272_c03","parent_ssim":["Webb-Prentis Family Papers \n         1770-1908","SERIES III: LEGAL PAPERS"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_viu00272","viu_viu00272_c03"],"title_filing_ssi":"Indentures and Related","title_ssm":["Indentures and Related"],"title_tesim":["Indentures and Related"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Indentures and Related, 1743/1784"],"text":["Indentures and Related, 1743/1784","Webb-Prentis Family Papers \n         1770-1908","SERIES III: LEGAL PAPERS","box Box 29"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Webb-Prentis Family Papers \n         1770-1908","SERIES III: LEGAL PAPERS"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Webb-Prentis Family Papers \n         1770-1908","SERIES III: LEGAL PAPERS"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1743/1784"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1743 -1784"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":501,"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Webb-Prentis Family Papers \n         1770-1908"],"containers_ssim":["box Box 29"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"date_range_isim":[1743,1744,1745,1746,1747,1748,1749,1750,1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#65","timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:32:33.870Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_viu00272","ead_ssi":"viu_viu00272","_root_":"viu_viu00272","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu00272","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/uva-sc/viu00272.xml","title_ssm":["Webb-Prentis Family Papers \n         1770-1908"],"title_tesim":["Webb-Prentis Family Papers \n         1770-1908"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Webb-Prentis Family Papers \n         1770-1908"],"text":["Webb-Prentis Family Papers \n         1770-1908","4136","ca. 10,000 items","There are no restrictions.","Family papers of the Webb-Prentis families and numerous other Virginians including:  correspondence, business papers, legal papers, Nansemond County, Va. papers, genealogy, miscellaneous papers, bound volumes including accounts, legal, medical, memorandum, drawings, oversize items, and lecture notebooks and transcripts.","The collection has sections devoted to Joseph Prentis, Sr. and family; 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The vast majority of black soldiers served in fighting units comprised primarily of white men. Not only were they in the regiments of New England and the Mid-Atlantic states, but they also fought beside white fellow soldiers in Southern states. Hardly any military action between 1775 and 1781 did not involve black soldiers. Their presence is recorded at Lexington, Concord, Ticonderoga, Bunker Hill, Long Island, White Plains, Trenton, Princeton, Bennington, Brandywine, Stillwater, Saratoga, Red Banks, Monmouth, Rhode Island, Savannah, Stony Point, Fort Griswold, and Yorktown.\"1\n    \n\"Only 50 years after the defeat of the British at Yorktown, most Americans had already forgotten the extensive role black people had played on both sides during the War for Independence. At the 1876 Centennial Celebration of the Revolution in Philadelphia, not a single speaker acknowledged the contributions of African Americans in establishing the nation. 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The vast majority of black soldiers served in fighting units comprised primarily of white men. Not only were they in the regiments of New England and the Mid-Atlantic states, but they also fought beside white fellow soldiers in Southern states. Hardly any military action between 1775 and 1781 did not involve black soldiers. Their presence is recorded at Lexington, Concord, Ticonderoga, Bunker Hill, Long Island, White Plains, Trenton, Princeton, Bennington, Brandywine, Stillwater, Saratoga, Red Banks, Monmouth, Rhode Island, Savannah, Stony Point, Fort Griswold, and Yorktown.\"1\n    \n\"Only 50 years after the defeat of the British at Yorktown, most Americans had already forgotten the extensive role black people had played on both sides during the War for Independence. At the 1876 Centennial Celebration of the Revolution in Philadelphia, not a single speaker acknowledged the contributions of African Americans in establishing the nation. Yet by 1783, thousands of black Americans had become involved in the war. Many were active participants, some won their freedom and others were victims, but throughout the struggle blacks refused to be mere bystanders and gave their loyalty to the side that seemed to offer the best prospect for freedom.\"2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"By 1775 more than a half-million African Americans, most of them enslaved, were living in the 13 colonies. Early in the 18th century a few New England ministers and conscientious Quakers, such as George Keith and John Woolman, had questioned the morality of slavery but they were largely ignored. By the 1760s, however, as the colonists began to speak out against British tyranny, more Americans pointed out the obvious contradiction between advocating liberty and owning slaves. 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The Declaration of Independence promised liberty for all men but failed to put an end to slavery; and although they had proved themselves in battle, the Continental Congress adopted a policy of excluding black soldiers from the army.\"2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n1 \"Black Courage: African-American Soldiers in the War for Independence\". American Philatelic Society. February 18, 2020.\nhttps://stamps.org/news/c/collecting-insights/cat/stamps-in-history/post/black-courage-african-american-soldiers-in-the-war-for-independence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2.  Ayers, Edward. \"African Americans and the American Revolution\", American Revolution Museum at Yorktown. Cineva Web Agency. Accessed 1/28/22\nhttps://jyfmuseums.org/learn/learning-center/colonial-america-american-revolution-learning-resources/american-revolution-essays-timelines-images/african-americans-and-the-american-revolution/\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["James Shop was a freedman in the Connecticut line of the Continental Army.","\"By 1777, as much as 10 to 15 percent of the Continental \t\tArmy was made up of black soldiers. The vast majority of black soldiers served in fighting units comprised primarily of white men. Not only were they in the regiments of New England and the Mid-Atlantic states, but they also fought beside white fellow soldiers in Southern states. Hardly any military action between 1775 and 1781 did not involve black soldiers. Their presence is recorded at Lexington, Concord, Ticonderoga, Bunker Hill, Long Island, White Plains, Trenton, Princeton, Bennington, Brandywine, Stillwater, Saratoga, Red Banks, Monmouth, Rhode Island, Savannah, Stony Point, Fort Griswold, and Yorktown.\"1\n    \n\"Only 50 years after the defeat of the British at Yorktown, most Americans had already forgotten the extensive role black people had played on both sides during the War for Independence. At the 1876 Centennial Celebration of the Revolution in Philadelphia, not a single speaker acknowledged the contributions of African Americans in establishing the nation. Yet by 1783, thousands of black Americans had become involved in the war. Many were active participants, some won their freedom and others were victims, but throughout the struggle blacks refused to be mere bystanders and gave their loyalty to the side that seemed to offer the best prospect for freedom.\"2","\"By 1775 more than a half-million African Americans, most of them enslaved, were living in the 13 colonies. Early in the 18th century a few New England ministers and conscientious Quakers, such as George Keith and John Woolman, had questioned the morality of slavery but they were largely ignored. By the 1760s, however, as the colonists began to speak out against British tyranny, more Americans pointed out the obvious contradiction between advocating liberty and owning slaves. In 1774 Abigail Adams wrote, \"it always appeared a most iniquitious scheme to me to fight ourselves for what we are daily robbing and plundering from those who have as good a right to freedom as we have.\"2","Widespread talk of liberty gave thousands of slaves high expectations, and many were ready to fight for a democratic revolution that might offer them freedom. In 1775 at least 10 to 15 black soldiers, including some slaves, fought against the British at the battles of Lexington and Bunker Hill. Two of these men, Salem Poor and Peter Salem, earned special distinction for their bravery. By 1776, however, it had become clear that the revolutionary rhetoric of the founding fathers did not include enslaved blacks. The Declaration of Independence promised liberty for all men but failed to put an end to slavery; and although they had proved themselves in battle, the Continental Congress adopted a policy of excluding black soldiers from the army.\"2","1 \"Black Courage: African-American Soldiers in the War for Independence\". American Philatelic Society. February 18, 2020.\nhttps://stamps.org/news/c/collecting-insights/cat/stamps-in-history/post/black-courage-african-american-soldiers-in-the-war-for-independence","2.  Ayers, Edward. \"African Americans and the American Revolution\", American Revolution Museum at Yorktown. Cineva Web Agency. Accessed 1/28/22\nhttps://jyfmuseums.org/learn/learning-center/colonial-america-american-revolution-learning-resources/american-revolution-essays-timelines-images/african-americans-and-the-american-revolution/"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16473, James Shop papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16473, James Shop papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of two documents related to John Shop, a freedman from Connecticut who served in the Continental Army. One item is a Connecticut pay-table committee document authorizing payment to Shop for his army service. This was signed by James Hart on December 15, 1870 in Hartford, Connecticut. The other is a one page letter certifying Shop's service in the 2nd Regiment of the Connecticut line of the Continental Army. In the letter he is identified as a freedman from the town of Woodbury.  Marked with Mr. Shop's \"X\" dated September 25, 1780.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of two documents related to John Shop, a freedman from Connecticut who served in the Continental Army. One item is a Connecticut pay-table committee document authorizing payment to Shop for his army service. This was signed by James Hart on December 15, 1870 in Hartford, Connecticut. The other is a one page letter certifying Shop's service in the 2nd Regiment of the Connecticut line of the Continental Army. In the letter he is identified as a freedman from the town of Woodbury.  Marked with Mr. Shop's \"X\" dated September 25, 1780."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:30:00.774Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_969","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_969","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_969","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_969","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_969.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/126737","title_filing_ssi":"Shop, James, papers","title_ssm":["James Shop papers"],"title_tesim":["James Shop papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1780"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1780"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1780"],"normalized_title_ssm":["James Shop papers, 1780"],"text":["James Shop papers, 1780","MSS.16473","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/969","United States --  History  -- Revolution, 1775-1783","Freedmen","Good","This collection is open for research.","James Shop was a freedman in the Connecticut line of the Continental Army.","\"By 1777, as much as 10 to 15 percent of the Continental \t\tArmy was made up of black soldiers. The vast majority of black soldiers served in fighting units comprised primarily of white men. Not only were they in the regiments of New England and the Mid-Atlantic states, but they also fought beside white fellow soldiers in Southern states. Hardly any military action between 1775 and 1781 did not involve black soldiers. Their presence is recorded at Lexington, Concord, Ticonderoga, Bunker Hill, Long Island, White Plains, Trenton, Princeton, Bennington, Brandywine, Stillwater, Saratoga, Red Banks, Monmouth, Rhode Island, Savannah, Stony Point, Fort Griswold, and Yorktown.\"1\n    \n\"Only 50 years after the defeat of the British at Yorktown, most Americans had already forgotten the extensive role black people had played on both sides during the War for Independence. At the 1876 Centennial Celebration of the Revolution in Philadelphia, not a single speaker acknowledged the contributions of African Americans in establishing the nation. Yet by 1783, thousands of black Americans had become involved in the war. Many were active participants, some won their freedom and others were victims, but throughout the struggle blacks refused to be mere bystanders and gave their loyalty to the side that seemed to offer the best prospect for freedom.\"2","\"By 1775 more than a half-million African Americans, most of them enslaved, were living in the 13 colonies. Early in the 18th century a few New England ministers and conscientious Quakers, such as George Keith and John Woolman, had questioned the morality of slavery but they were largely ignored. By the 1760s, however, as the colonists began to speak out against British tyranny, more Americans pointed out the obvious contradiction between advocating liberty and owning slaves. In 1774 Abigail Adams wrote, \"it always appeared a most iniquitious scheme to me to fight ourselves for what we are daily robbing and plundering from those who have as good a right to freedom as we have.\"2","Widespread talk of liberty gave thousands of slaves high expectations, and many were ready to fight for a democratic revolution that might offer them freedom. In 1775 at least 10 to 15 black soldiers, including some slaves, fought against the British at the battles of Lexington and Bunker Hill. Two of these men, Salem Poor and Peter Salem, earned special distinction for their bravery. By 1776, however, it had become clear that the revolutionary rhetoric of the founding fathers did not include enslaved blacks. The Declaration of Independence promised liberty for all men but failed to put an end to slavery; and although they had proved themselves in battle, the Continental Congress adopted a policy of excluding black soldiers from the army.\"2","1 \"Black Courage: African-American Soldiers in the War for Independence\". American Philatelic Society. February 18, 2020.\nhttps://stamps.org/news/c/collecting-insights/cat/stamps-in-history/post/black-courage-african-american-soldiers-in-the-war-for-independence","2.  Ayers, Edward. \"African Americans and the American Revolution\", American Revolution Museum at Yorktown. Cineva Web Agency. Accessed 1/28/22\nhttps://jyfmuseums.org/learn/learning-center/colonial-america-american-revolution-learning-resources/american-revolution-essays-timelines-images/african-americans-and-the-american-revolution/","This collection consists of two documents related to John Shop, a freedman from Connecticut who served in the Continental Army. One item is a Connecticut pay-table committee document authorizing payment to Shop for his army service. This was signed by James Hart on December 15, 1870 in Hartford, Connecticut. The other is a one page letter certifying Shop's service in the 2nd Regiment of the Connecticut line of the Continental Army. In the letter he is identified as a freedman from the town of Woodbury.  Marked with Mr. Shop's \"X\" dated September 25, 1780.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["James Shop papers, 1780"],"collection_ssim":["James Shop papers, 1780"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.16473","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/969"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.16473","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/969"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["United States --  History  -- Revolution, 1775-1783"],"geogname_ssim":["United States --  History  -- Revolution, 1775-1783"],"places_ssim":["United States --  History  -- Revolution, 1775-1783"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Freedmen"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Freedmen"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Good"],"extent_ssm":["0.04 Cubic Feet 1 legal sized folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.04 Cubic Feet 1 legal sized folder"],"date_range_isim":[1780],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames Shop was a freedman in the Connecticut line of the Continental Army. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\"By 1777, as much as 10 to 15 percent of the Continental \t\tArmy was made up of black soldiers. The vast majority of black soldiers served in fighting units comprised primarily of white men. Not only were they in the regiments of New England and the Mid-Atlantic states, but they also fought beside white fellow soldiers in Southern states. Hardly any military action between 1775 and 1781 did not involve black soldiers. Their presence is recorded at Lexington, Concord, Ticonderoga, Bunker Hill, Long Island, White Plains, Trenton, Princeton, Bennington, Brandywine, Stillwater, Saratoga, Red Banks, Monmouth, Rhode Island, Savannah, Stony Point, Fort Griswold, and Yorktown.\"1\n    \n\"Only 50 years after the defeat of the British at Yorktown, most Americans had already forgotten the extensive role black people had played on both sides during the War for Independence. At the 1876 Centennial Celebration of the Revolution in Philadelphia, not a single speaker acknowledged the contributions of African Americans in establishing the nation. Yet by 1783, thousands of black Americans had become involved in the war. Many were active participants, some won their freedom and others were victims, but throughout the struggle blacks refused to be mere bystanders and gave their loyalty to the side that seemed to offer the best prospect for freedom.\"2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"By 1775 more than a half-million African Americans, most of them enslaved, were living in the 13 colonies. Early in the 18th century a few New England ministers and conscientious Quakers, such as George Keith and John Woolman, had questioned the morality of slavery but they were largely ignored. By the 1760s, however, as the colonists began to speak out against British tyranny, more Americans pointed out the obvious contradiction between advocating liberty and owning slaves. In 1774 Abigail Adams wrote, \"it always appeared a most iniquitious scheme to me to fight ourselves for what we are daily robbing and plundering from those who have as good a right to freedom as we have.\"2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWidespread talk of liberty gave thousands of slaves high expectations, and many were ready to fight for a democratic revolution that might offer them freedom. In 1775 at least 10 to 15 black soldiers, including some slaves, fought against the British at the battles of Lexington and Bunker Hill. Two of these men, Salem Poor and Peter Salem, earned special distinction for their bravery. By 1776, however, it had become clear that the revolutionary rhetoric of the founding fathers did not include enslaved blacks. The Declaration of Independence promised liberty for all men but failed to put an end to slavery; and although they had proved themselves in battle, the Continental Congress adopted a policy of excluding black soldiers from the army.\"2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n1 \"Black Courage: African-American Soldiers in the War for Independence\". American Philatelic Society. February 18, 2020.\nhttps://stamps.org/news/c/collecting-insights/cat/stamps-in-history/post/black-courage-african-american-soldiers-in-the-war-for-independence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2.  Ayers, Edward. \"African Americans and the American Revolution\", American Revolution Museum at Yorktown. Cineva Web Agency. Accessed 1/28/22\nhttps://jyfmuseums.org/learn/learning-center/colonial-america-american-revolution-learning-resources/american-revolution-essays-timelines-images/african-americans-and-the-american-revolution/\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["James Shop was a freedman in the Connecticut line of the Continental Army.","\"By 1777, as much as 10 to 15 percent of the Continental \t\tArmy was made up of black soldiers. The vast majority of black soldiers served in fighting units comprised primarily of white men. Not only were they in the regiments of New England and the Mid-Atlantic states, but they also fought beside white fellow soldiers in Southern states. Hardly any military action between 1775 and 1781 did not involve black soldiers. Their presence is recorded at Lexington, Concord, Ticonderoga, Bunker Hill, Long Island, White Plains, Trenton, Princeton, Bennington, Brandywine, Stillwater, Saratoga, Red Banks, Monmouth, Rhode Island, Savannah, Stony Point, Fort Griswold, and Yorktown.\"1\n    \n\"Only 50 years after the defeat of the British at Yorktown, most Americans had already forgotten the extensive role black people had played on both sides during the War for Independence. At the 1876 Centennial Celebration of the Revolution in Philadelphia, not a single speaker acknowledged the contributions of African Americans in establishing the nation. Yet by 1783, thousands of black Americans had become involved in the war. Many were active participants, some won their freedom and others were victims, but throughout the struggle blacks refused to be mere bystanders and gave their loyalty to the side that seemed to offer the best prospect for freedom.\"2","\"By 1775 more than a half-million African Americans, most of them enslaved, were living in the 13 colonies. Early in the 18th century a few New England ministers and conscientious Quakers, such as George Keith and John Woolman, had questioned the morality of slavery but they were largely ignored. By the 1760s, however, as the colonists began to speak out against British tyranny, more Americans pointed out the obvious contradiction between advocating liberty and owning slaves. In 1774 Abigail Adams wrote, \"it always appeared a most iniquitious scheme to me to fight ourselves for what we are daily robbing and plundering from those who have as good a right to freedom as we have.\"2","Widespread talk of liberty gave thousands of slaves high expectations, and many were ready to fight for a democratic revolution that might offer them freedom. In 1775 at least 10 to 15 black soldiers, including some slaves, fought against the British at the battles of Lexington and Bunker Hill. Two of these men, Salem Poor and Peter Salem, earned special distinction for their bravery. By 1776, however, it had become clear that the revolutionary rhetoric of the founding fathers did not include enslaved blacks. The Declaration of Independence promised liberty for all men but failed to put an end to slavery; and although they had proved themselves in battle, the Continental Congress adopted a policy of excluding black soldiers from the army.\"2","1 \"Black Courage: African-American Soldiers in the War for Independence\". American Philatelic Society. February 18, 2020.\nhttps://stamps.org/news/c/collecting-insights/cat/stamps-in-history/post/black-courage-african-american-soldiers-in-the-war-for-independence","2.  Ayers, Edward. \"African Americans and the American Revolution\", American Revolution Museum at Yorktown. Cineva Web Agency. Accessed 1/28/22\nhttps://jyfmuseums.org/learn/learning-center/colonial-america-american-revolution-learning-resources/american-revolution-essays-timelines-images/african-americans-and-the-american-revolution/"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16473, James Shop papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16473, James Shop papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of two documents related to John Shop, a freedman from Connecticut who served in the Continental Army. One item is a Connecticut pay-table committee document authorizing payment to Shop for his army service. This was signed by James Hart on December 15, 1870 in Hartford, Connecticut. The other is a one page letter certifying Shop's service in the 2nd Regiment of the Connecticut line of the Continental Army. In the letter he is identified as a freedman from the town of Woodbury.  Marked with Mr. Shop's \"X\" dated September 25, 1780.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of two documents related to John Shop, a freedman from Connecticut who served in the Continental Army. One item is a Connecticut pay-table committee document authorizing payment to Shop for his army service. This was signed by James Hart on December 15, 1870 in Hartford, Connecticut. The other is a one page letter certifying Shop's service in the 2nd Regiment of the Connecticut line of the Continental Army. In the letter he is identified as a freedman from the town of Woodbury.  Marked with Mr. Shop's \"X\" dated September 25, 1780."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:30:00.774Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_969"}},{"id":"viu_viu00102_c03_c52","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"J.L. Edwards, 1776/1843","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu00102_c03_c52#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_viu00102_c03_c52","ref_ssm":["viu_viu00102_c03_c52"],"id":"viu_viu00102_c03_c52","ead_ssi":"viu_viu00102","_root_":"viu_viu00102","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu00102_c03","parent_ssi":"viu_viu00102_c03","parent_ssim":["Papers of Alexander H. H. Stuart and the related Stuart and Baldwin families 1754-1921","SERIES III: CORRESPONDENCE OF ALEXANDER H.H. STUART"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_viu00102","viu_viu00102_c03"],"title_filing_ssi":"J.L. Edwards","title_ssm":["J.L. Edwards"],"title_tesim":["J.L. Edwards"],"normalized_title_ssm":["J.L. Edwards, 1776/1843"],"text":["J.L. Edwards, 1776/1843","Papers of Alexander H. H. Stuart and the related Stuart and Baldwin families 1754-1921","SERIES III: CORRESPONDENCE OF ALEXANDER H.H. STUART","box Box 2"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Papers of Alexander H. H. Stuart and the related Stuart and Baldwin families 1754-1921","SERIES III: CORRESPONDENCE OF ALEXANDER H.H. STUART"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Papers of Alexander H. H. Stuart and the related Stuart and Baldwin families 1754-1921","SERIES III: CORRESPONDENCE OF ALEXANDER H.H. STUART"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1776/1843"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1843 May 19 (\u0026 1776 Feb 29)"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":98,"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Papers of Alexander H. H. Stuart and the related Stuart and Baldwin families 1754-1921"],"containers_ssim":["box Box 2"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"date_range_isim":[1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#51","timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:31:56.027Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_viu00102","ead_ssi":"viu_viu00102","_root_":"viu_viu00102","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu00102","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/uva-sc/viu00102.xml","title_ssm":["Papers of Alexander H. H. Stuart and the related Stuart and Baldwin families 1754-1921"],"title_tesim":["Papers of Alexander H. H. Stuart and the related Stuart and Baldwin families 1754-1921"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Papers of Alexander H. H. Stuart and the related Stuart and Baldwin families 1754-1921"],"text":["Papers of Alexander H. H. Stuart and the related Stuart and Baldwin families 1754-1921","228-a","ca. 800 items","There are no restrictions.","For biographical information concerning Archibald Stuart and Alexander H.H. Stuart, please consult Dictionary of American Biography, Volume\n        XVIII, pages 160-162.","This collection consists of the additional papers of the Stuart and Baldwin families, chiefly Archibald Stuart (1757-1832) and Alexander H.H. Stuart (1807-1891), of Staunton, Virginia, ca. 1754-1921, ca. 800 items (4 Hollinger boxes, 1.5 linear feet),\n        including correspondence; financial and legal papers; printed items; microfilm; an architectural drawing; Civil War military papers of Captain George M. Cochran, Jr.; nineteenth century newsclippings; drafts of speeches by Alexander H.H. Stuart; land\n        grants signed by Virginia governors, including Beverley Randolph, Robert Brooke, John Floyd, and James Monroe; two engravings of Alexander H.H. Stuart; and papers regarding the settlement of the estate of Archibald Stuart . Since Alexander H.H. Stuart\n        was a prominent member of the Virginia Whig Party, there is considerable material in this collection concerning the Whig Party and Virginia politics.","CORRESPONDENCE OF THE STUART-BALDWIN FAMILY -SUMMARIES (BOX 1)","Martha S. Baldwin forwards a letter to her husband General Briscoe Gerard Baldwin (d. 1852) from their daughter Mary Baldwin regarding her health (n.d.)","James Barbour (1775-1842), Secretary of War, mentions an interview with [Henry] Clay concerning the participation of members of the administration in the political convention [of the National Republican Party ] and discusses his knowledge of the true\n        charges leveled against Andrew Jackson while in control of Louisiana during the War of 1812, Jackson's conflict with Louisiana Governor William Charles Claiborne and the Governor of Georgia, his refusal to obey the orders of President Monroe, his\n        denunciation of Madison, and his behavior as acting Governor of Florida (1827 Dec 16); Barbour also mentions his involvement in \"a controversy of mixed vexation,\" his retirement, \" and says, \" [John C.] Calhoun 's pamphlet is the final act in the drama\n        -and I apprehend the breach will become wider and wider\" (1831 Feb 19)","G.A. Baxter, member of the Board of Visitors of Washington Academy, informs Archibald Stuart of his election to the Board, and explains why his resignation was errantly reported in their minutes (1807 Sep 29)","Robert Beverley discusses a possible land sale (1791 May 5); asks Archibald Stuart to attend to his properties near Staunton and make sure all back taxes are paid (1791 Nov 24); discusses land business and court matters (1791-1797); makes reference\n        to the slave revolt in the French colony of Haiti in the West Indies and the declaration of independence by Toussaint L'Ouverture (1743-1803), criticizing George Washington for his early acknowledgement of the French Republic, believing he acted\n        unconstitutionally, and expresses great confidence in the talents, integrity, and firmness of Mr. [John] Adams (1798 Dec 17)","John Breckinridge writes business letters (1788 \u0026 1790), his son, J.C. Breckinridge, asks for information from Archibald Stuart for a biographical essay about his father (1815 Apr 30)","Gerald Briscoe, [Jr.?] writes about a land dispute in \"Caintucke\" (all three letters, 1794-1796, n.d.)","Cuthbert Bullitt to Archibald Stuart and General John Brown discusses a suit involving Colonel Clendenning for lack of payment on a bond (1790 Jan 2); and the death of his brother, Thomas Bullitt, asking for a petition in the Legislature of Virginia\n        for their financial relief (1823 Dec 16)","Joseph C. Cabell refers to a pamphlet containing Mr. Madison's letter and an appendix establishing the point that the Tariff Policy is the true Republican doctrine; Cabell paid T.W. White, Richmond printer, for 3,000 copies and will have more printed\n        if necessary; claims that the opposition party is exerting every effort to destroy Madison's influence in the state (1829 Feb 24)","Arthur Campbell requests an investigation into the circumstances surrounding the sickness and death of the boy Charles H. Campbell; speaks of the opposition to the federal constitution and the value of the controversy over the amendments to point out\n        the real motives of those trying to keep Virginia and North Carolina from approving the Constitution (1789 Sep 2); discusses difficulties in obtaining land warrants due to the boundary dispute with Kentucky and refers to the petition to revise the\n        Virginia State Constitution opposed by the friends of [Patrick ?] Henry (1795 Sep 30); refers to Thomas Jefferson and the success of the \"friends of monarchy\" who won the late election for President, and the French Revolution (1797 Feb 20); and\n        mentions his desire that the land law in the Act of 1795 would be repealed or amended (1798 Dec 22)","John Coalter discusses a debt against Mrs. Reid, and declares \"I have no hopes of the republic since New Jersey has proved recreant\" (1812 Nov 6)","George Davis discusses legal and business matters (1792 Aug 17)","R. Gamble discusses legal and business matters (1791-1800)","Hugh Holmes writes concerning the competition between Winchester and Staunton to be the branch of the Virginia Bank which he believes must be kept exclusively under a Republican direction; asks for Archibald Stuart to secure a loan for five hundred\n        dollars; discusses the rumor that merchants believe that the Eastern and Northern Tories have devised a stratagem to defeat the loan requested by the government to conduct the War of 1812 with Great Britain (1814 Mar 9); speaks of his pain from\n        numerous operations; the raids of the Tunisian corsairs upon British ships in the English Channel (1817 Jul 12); and the death of Mary, the daughter of Archibald's brother Alexander (1823 May 6)","[Chapman ?] Johnson (1779-1849) sends a copy of a decree from the court of appeals in the case of [Doneghe ?] and Campbell to Archibald Stuart; sent a copy of Archibald Stuart 's letter about the seat of government to the Editor of The Enquirer for publication; refers to the failure of their efforts to establish the University of Virginia and his belief that nothing will be done\n        for it this winter; the non-effect of political essays upon the public mind, and mention of \"the great James River project\" (1822 Mar 2)","John Lewis to Dabney Carr notes \"my seeing Mr. Jefferson\" is very uncertain, and writes about the Mayo v Lewis lawsuit (1768 Jan 23)","John Lewis to Thomas Jefferson writes regarding his lawsuit Mayo v Lewis, docketed in Thomas Jefferson 's hand (1772 Oct 4)","J. Marshall speaks of the fickleness of political parties in reference to \"Zach.\" and refers to a business matter (n.d.)","George Mathews (1739-1812) writes of his safe arrival in Georgia where he was asked to sit for election to political office (1791 Oct 10); and details concerning his dispute over a land sale in Virginia and his motive in accepting the office of\n        [Governor of Georgia?] (1794 Apr 4)","James D. McCutchen to Joseph Janney writes concerning his inability to make his payment for land due to the drought, high feed costs and poor crops and his proposal to work out an alternative method of payment (1839 Mar 25)","Andrew Moore (1752-1821), elected to the first four Congresses, March 4, 1789-March 3, 1797, writes from New York and Philadelphia, sends copies of all laws passed, wages established at six dollars per day, set the budget for the staff of the\n        President and Vice-President, discusses office seekers, mentions that the amendments to the constitution are being conducted with a great deal of warmth, believes the amendments \"will quiet the public mind and remove in a great measure the opposition\n        to government\" (1789 Aug 12); asks for help in securing compensation for a slave who escaped into Pennsylvania and proved that he was a free black unjustly sold to Moore who was unaware of his status by a previous owner (1791 Nov 5); the preoccupation\n        of Congress with a bill fixing the rates of representation in Congress and the disputed election between General Anthony Wayne (1745-1796) and General James Jackson (1757-1806) before Congress (1792 Mar 15); his disappointment in the bill fixing the\n        ratio of representation and the decision made in the House concerning the contested election which declared the seat vacant (1792 Mar 26); discusses the resignation of Thomas Jefferson as Secretary of State who appeared determined never to enter public\n        life again, with the former Attorney General Edmund Randolph succeeding Jefferson as Secretary of State; mentions the great loss suffered by the country by Jefferson's resignation at this critical time and praises Jefferson highly; encloses a number of\n        resolutions introduced by Mr. Madison, the conflict over the payment of interest on the debt of the United States; cites Jefferson's opinion on the same subject; forwards copies of the correspondence between Thomas Jefferson and Citizen Edmond Charles\n        Genet and Jefferson's report on United States trade with Europe (1793 Jan 4); the attempt by Washington and Congress to have Citizen Genet recalled to France due to his insolent and insulting conduct (1793 Dec 8); the situation of the United States\n        becoming more and more critical due to the increase of British spoliation on American shipping, detaining our vessels, and alleging that an old law precluded the United States from Britain's West Indian ports; the purchase of flour and beef and the\n        chartering of United States vessels to transport it because the United States was bound by treaty to guarantee the French West Indies; Madison's resolutions; the empowerment of the President to impose an embargo on all shipping coming into American\n        ports; the arming of small vessels to use against the Algerians; a bill providing for the defence of our ports and harbors; the establishment of arsenals, and a resolution for the enlistment of 15,000 troops, with training during 24 days a year, and\n        the need for a direct tax to fund national defence (1794 Mar 14)","Garrett Peterson asks [Charles Anderson] Wickliffe for help in locating Archibald Stuart and buying a piece of land belonging to Archibald Stuart to make his title to his plantation more secure (1826 Jan 24, see Wickliffe's letter, 1826 Feb 26)","William Preston to William Anderson seeking advice in a land claim controversy (1783 Jan 1)","[Andrew Reid, Jr.] to Thomas J. Stuart writes a social letter to a friend (1807 Sep 5)","Alexander Farish Robertson Correspondence, chiefly with Philip Alexander Bruce concerning his history of the University of Virginia and especially the Honor System (1921)","John Steele writes that the Governor [Henry Lee] has written Mr. White asking him to help Archibald Stuart investigate the High Sheriff for embezzlement (1792 Mar 5)","Robert Sterritt notifies Joseph Janney that he has secured a purchaser for Archibald Stuart 's plantation in Rockbridge County, James D. McCutchen, (1837 Jul 14, see also McCutchen 1839 Mar 25)","Eleanor Briscoe Stuart to Thomas J. Stuart concerning his studies and vacation while at Washington Academy (1806 Jan 24 \u0026 Mar 2) and to her mother, Mrs. Margaret Briscoe (1808 Feb 19)","Martha M. Stuart writes to her mother-in-law, Mrs. Eleanor (Briscoe) Stuart concerning family news (n.y. Apr 8)","[Charles Anderson] Wickliffe (1788-1869) forwards a letter from Garrett Peterson to Archibald Stuart concerning a land sale (1826 Feb 26)","William Wirt (1772-1834) asks Archibald Stuart to send his anecdote about Patrick Henry for his biography and to furnish the details just as it was originally told (1816 Aug 10)","MISCELLANEOUS PAPERS OF THE STUART FAMILY (BOXES 1-2)","This series contains an architectural drawing; an engraving of Alexander H.H. Stuart by Danforth, Baldwin \u0026 Company; financial and legal papers, including notification of Archibald Stuart 's appointment as a Presidential elector (1792 Nov 12);\n        insurance policies for Archibald Stuart 's barn, grist mill, saw mill, dwelling and kitchen (1811, 1812); Archibald Stuart 's appointment as a commissioner to collect money for a monument to George Washington (1817 Apr 4); stock certificates; accounts\n        and receipts; indentures; land plats; legal cases of both Archibald Stuart and Alexander H.H. Stuart; copies of wills of Alexander Stuart, Robert Stuart, Chapman J. Stuart, and Alexander H.H. Stuart; the military papers of Captain George M. Cochran,\n        Jr., Quartermaster, 52nd Virginian Infantry, Pegram's Brigade, Early's Division; the settlement of Archibald Stuart 's estate, and drafts of several speeches by Alexander H.H. Stuart, one protesting the increase in salary of the superintendent of the\n        Western Asylum because it would be disproportionate to all other salaries allowed by the state of Virginia, another declining the office of President of the branch of the Bank of the Valley and resigning his post as a member of the board, and a third\n        delivered at the fiftieth alumni reunion at the University of Virginia .","CORRESPONDENCE OF ALEXANDER H.H. STUART -SUMMARIES (BOXES 2-4)","Abolitionist (Unidentified) writes a vitriolic letter denouncing slavery and slaveholders and promising his willing participation in the coming revolution to bring about complete democracy (1841 Jun 20)","William H. Allen writes to Alexander H. H. Stuart while he was member of the House of Representatives (1841-1843) seeking his help in establishing a post office at Green Valley, Virginia; the closest one is at Cloverdale (n.y. May 13)","Appomattox County, Virginia, Rough \u0026 Ready Club requests Alexander H. H. Stuart to represent the Whig position on the upcoming Presidential election at their next political discussion (1848 Sep 7)","Henry Carey Baird requests a copy of Alexander H. H. Stuart 's recent address to use in his pamphlet concerning the farmers of the United States (1859 Nov 1)","C[ornelius ?] C. Baldwin discusses his biographical sketch of his brother [Gerard ?] Baldwin which he hopes will appear in The Richmond Whig\n        and asks Alexander H. H. Stuart for any comments or additions; he mentions his son, Briscoe G. Baldwin III, a year old and his oldest son, Charles Cornelius (1867 Jan 14)","John B. Baldwin writes concerning business opportunities in Philadelphia ([1843? Jan 30]); Alexander H. H. Stuart 's appointment as Secretary of the Interior and the care of his former legal clients while he is in Washington, D.C. (1850 Sep 24); his\n        disappointment that Millard Fillmore was defeated for the presidential nomination as the Whig candidate; and as Winfield Scott supports the Whig platform without reserve his only objections to Scott as the Whig candidate lies in his great vanity and\n        his associations (1852 Jun 23); Brigadier General Robert Seldon Garnett (1819-1861), who served under General Taylor in the Mexican War, was proceeding to the region with 2500 men according to Alexander H. H. Stuart 's suggestions; and Baldwin believes\n        that the Convention will hardly be well attended (1861 Jun 8); reports that he is within musket range of the enemy who is building winter quarters and mentions the presence of Early's army coming towards [Richmond ?] (1864 Nov 18); writes about his\n        concern over the asylum releasing Briscoe as \"incurable but harmless\" (1869 Dec 5); and writes to Alexander H. H. Stuart concerning the sale of the \"gum tree lot,\" payment of taxes and an accident of Mayo Cabell; and believes his father may soon be\n        elected Judge ([ca. 1841-1843] Dec 6)","Joseph G. Baldwin writes his cousin concerning his plan to move to California for the opportunities there (1849 Mar 2); a long jesting letter congratulating Alexander H. H. Stuart on his appointment to be Secretary of the Interior and including\n        family news (1850 Sep 27); and describes San Francisco where he has just opened his law practice (1854 Sep 15)","I.L. Barbour, President of the Orange and Alexandria Rail Road Company, writes that he is unable to comply with his financial request (1866 Dec 11)","A.W. Barton urges Alexander H. H. Stuart to help defeat the [ Virginia Reform ?] Convention, \"The tremendous opposition to the mixed basis beyond the Alleghany -the indifference upon the whole subject in the valley counties and some division east of\n        the Blue Ridge will enable us to do it\" (1850 Apr 22)","S.S. Baxter recommends William D. Delany as Inspector of the Custom House in Norfolk (1851 Nov 24)","Thomas Hart Benton (1782-1838) writes concerning the Brazeau claimants attempts to get Alexander H. H. Stuart to re-open the case he decided last summer and asks him to leave questions about the decision up to the judiciary ([ca. 1851-1853])","Berford \u0026 Company, California Express Office, reports a great dissatisfaction of their customers and fellow California Whigs with the appointment of Mr. Beall as Superintendent of Indian Affairs (1852 Apr 12)","Dr. Edmund Berkeley voices his concern over the increase in smallpox cases and attributes the cause to the lack of a vaccine agent in western and central Virginia and suggests Staunton as a likely location for such an agent and offering himself as a\n        candidate (1837 Jan 20)","James B. Bingham, editor of The Intelligencer, discusses politics in Wheeling, [West] Virginia, and his concern that both the Democrats and\n        Republicans are pulling votes away from the Whig Party (1859 Sep 28)","David Alexander Bokee (1805-1860) discusses national politics and urges Alexander H. H. Stuart and other conservatives not to make any arrangements with the Republicans preliminary to the organization of the House; refers to the New York Times article quoting a correspondent from Ohio who believes \"the South is beginning to prepare the way for union with the Republicans as\n        such in 1860\"; and asks Alexander H. H. Stuart to support the efforts of conservatives of the North \"to induce the Republican Party to abandon `its distinct organization' founded as it is `on foolish abstractions\" (1859 Oct 24)","Patrick Brady 's letters, from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, all discuss various aspects of his suit against Daniel Brady, including his stolen ledger which later appears to have been altered, his demand for the deed to the Bath Iron Works, and\n        questions about ultimate settlement (1857, 1867-1869)","Mary Louisa Brooks writes whimsically about how much she misses Washington, D.C., and how unattractive she finds New York City \"this huge temple of Mammon\" (n.y. Mar 18)","Alexander S. Brown writes his cousin Alexander H. H. Stuart concerning business and family matters (1857-1858)","Joseph Rodes Buchanan asks Alexander H. H. Stuart to attend the National Democratic Convention to be held on May 7, 1867, in Louisville, Kentucky, discussed in an enclosed editorial from The Louisville Journal which was recently identified with the\n        Democratic Party; the Convention to be composed of the leading men of the Northern Democracy and leading men of the South to secure cooperation between the two groups, \"which is now our only hope\" (1867 Feb 28)","John C. Bullitt, Patrick Brady 's council in Philadelphia, asks when the first remittance of the Brady v. Brady settlement will arrive (1871 Oct 28)","William M. Burwell draws Alexander H. H. Stuart 's attention to the political aspects of the negotiations over the Isthmus of Tehuantepec as a quicker route to the western states (1852 Jul 23)","J.S. Calvert furnishes a financial summary for Alexander H. H. Stuart (1868 Jan 21)","Samuel D. Campbell asks for help in getting payment for his brother William Campbell who worked to get depositions for Catherine Crider in Wardlaw v. Crider (1830 Nov 30)","Lewis Cass (1782-1866) discusses two appointments with Alexander H. H. Stuart acceptable to the Whig Party (1852 Jul 20)","John H. Cassin asks Alexander H. H. Stuart to visit their county and address them concerning the political questions of the day (1859 Apr 13)","Katherine Chase discusses the circumstances surrounding her divorce from Mr. William Sprague (1883 Mar 18)","H. Chrisman offers to purchase real estate or other goods for Alexander H. H. Stuart on his trips west if he wishes (Dec 7, 1855)","Bolivar Christian sends a copy of the Confederate Acts and discusses the problems of setting up the new Confederate Congress (1862 Jan 18)","C.M. Conrad writes concerning Alexander H. H. Stuart 's order for a cask of table claret wine from New Orleans (1855 Apr 3)","William Wilson Corcoran says he will be happy to have a copy of the proceedings of the Peabody Board and hopes to see him soon (1855 Oct 23)","Thomas Corwin (1794-1865) a letter of introduction for [Calhoun Benham], U.S. Attorney for California (1853 Jul 10)","J.A. Cowardin, Editor of The Daily Dispatch, letter of introduction from L.A. Trigg, and a discussion of the Readjuster controversy, and\n        William Mahone, and says \"I do not think Mr. Hunter will suit these times. We want an aggressive man, one who is bold and sagacious too. I think General [James Lawson] Kemper is that man\" (1873 Feb 14)","John Jordan Crittenden (1786-1863) writes a letter of introduction for his friend Samuel Casey (1851 Sep 26)","Claudius Crozet writes concerning the Northwest Turnpike and asks if Alexander H. H. Stuart feels that Mr. Eskridge is capable of opening the road himself (1838 Jun 1)","Rector E.A. Dalrymple 's recommendation of Thomas B. Edelin (1852 Jul 15)","John W. Daniel (1842-1910) does not approve of the Readjuster policies, \"I am firm against repudatum alias enforced readjustment alias stealing. I believe in the Decalogue, and of course in repressing thieves, by whatsoever name they are called\"\n        (1877 Jul 18)","J.D. Davidson sends the election results for Rockbridge County (1851 Dec 10) and encloses a check for a claim against Seaforth (1852 Jan 2)","Garrett Davis (1801-1872) discusses a power shift in the House of Representatives away from [John C.] Calhoun toward [Thomas Hart?] Benton who \"will be the dictator this winter \u0026 will wield more power than all others together\"; mentions the\n        numerous job seekers wandering the halls of Congress like unclean birds; discusses the hopes of the Whig Party to gain the Presidency next election and mentions possible opponents and weighs their respective threat to the chances of the Whig candidate;\n        and the need for much organization and work to succeed in the next election (1843 Dec 13); a long and detailed description of the difficulty during the extra session of the 27th Congress in organizing the House caused by the opposition of the Democrats\n        and the division in the Whig Party (1845 Dec 16); the third letter discusses business questions; congratulates Alexander H. H. Stuart on his appointment to be Secretary of the Interior; expresses his appreciation for Millard Fillmore; and comments\n        about South Carolina, \" South Carolina is a little beside herself, but I believe it is the insanity of ambition pride \u0026 arrogance thwarted, and that a good sound drubbing would be an infallible cure.\" (1851 Jan 28)","George M. Davis thanks Alexander H. H. Stuart for giving his son Carey Davis a job as a clerk in the Pension Office (1851 Jul 27)","William Wallace Davis, editor of The District Whig discusses politics in Norfolk and the loss of the election to the Democrats despite his own\n        efforts to visit various Whigs and get them to the polls on Election Day (1851 Oct 2)","William Crosby Dawson (1798-1856), Georgia Senator, asks Alexander H. H. Stuart not to fill a vacancy in the General Land Office until he could speak with him (1852 Jul 28)","Horace H. Day discusses the charges brought against the Commissioner of Patents, Mr. Thomas Ewbanks (1792-1870) saying his official conduct has been one-sided, partial, and not in accordance with the rules and laws of the Patent Office (1851 Feb 7)\n        and asking if the New York papers have correctly reported Alexander H. H. Stuart 's comments about the charges (1851 Mar 12)","Wills De Hass (1818?-1910) sends a copy of his History of Western Virginia (1851 Jul 24); wants Alexander H. H. Stuart to be a candidate for\n        Vice-President (1851 Oct 6); voices concerns over his application for a consulship or another office (1852 Jun 1 \u0026 Oct 18); two letters furnish private details of the Baltimore Convention (1852 Jun 20); and hopes for a position in the Maryland\n        Historical Society (1853 Feb 16)","William D. Delany tries to enlist Stuart's aid in securing the office of Inspector of the Custom House at Norfolk (1851 Nov 25) or the Postmaster office at Norfolk (1852 Sep 29)","Charles Devens, Jr., U.S. Marshal, Boston, letter introducing General John S. Tyler (1852 May 24)","Samuel Dickson writes concerning the Patrick Brady v Daniel C.E. Brady suit for $ 50,000 growing out of the dissolving of a partnership in 1857; and describes the Bath Iron Works and Buffalo Forge property (1867 Apr 24)","D[orothea] L[ynde] Dix (1802-1887) writes six letters to Alexander H. H. Stuart concerning the establishment of a first class hospital in Washington, D.C. and seeks the aid of Captain Randolph in the Legislature of [Virginia ?] ([ca. 1851-1853])","James B. Dorman writes that the Whigs of Rockbridge unanimously desire the nomination of Millard Fillmore as President; believes the hostility to Fillmore stems from his approval of the Compromise of 1850 and his \"fidelity to the Constitutional\n        rights of the South\"; and many Whigs object strongly to General Winfield Scott 's Roman Catholic affinities (1852 Jun 7)","John Doyle writes that he has recommended Alexander H. H. Stuart to the prominent Whigs in Pennsylvania as the best choice for nomination to the Vice-Presidency while he favors Fillmore for the Presidency over Scott (1851 Sep 20); his concern over\n        the imminent split in the Whig Party of Lexington, Virginia (1852 Dec 4); his son, R.L. Doyle, writes concerning their Alum Springs property containing iron deposits and several mineral springs and asks the aid of Alexander H. H. Stuart in securing a\n        loan to convert their property into a viable health resort (1853 Jan 7)","G.G. Dyer defends his change of political parties from Whig to Democratic based on his open support of the Tariff and the United States Bank and extols the virtue of the new state of Iowa which he describes as a land of beauty and opportunity (1851\n        Sep 27)","J.L. Edwards, Pension Office, discusses the claims of the descendants of Colonel Alexander McClanahan to land based on his Revolutionary War service, with the Committee of Safety for the Colony of Virginia form appointing Alexander McClanahan to Lt.\n        Col. of the 7th Regiment of Regular Forces attached (1776 Feb 29 \u0026 1843 May 19)","Vespasian Ellis discusses the plan of organization adopted at the National Council where a Committee of 13 was appointed to take the general charge of the interests of the American Party which was presented to the Council by himself; the plan was\n        adopted unanimously but the Chairman E. Brooks received the credit for the plan; he suggested that Alexander H. H. Stuart would be a good person from Virginia to be on the Central Committee of 13; mentions the efforts of Baldwin of Connecticut and\n        others to \"free soilize\" the party platform and the fact that he opposed and defeated the plan was suppressed in the report on the proceedings in the Louisville Journal (1857 Jun 10)","Erie Railroad Company Board of Directors offers to Alexander H. H. Stuart free use of the railroad as member of the Cabinet (1851 Jul 12)","Edward Everett (1794-1865), Secretary of State, regrets he will not be able to dine with Alexander H. H. Stuart due to personal illness (1852 Dec 20); and informs Alexander H. H. Stuart that General Franklin Pierce wishes for him to continue to act\n        as Secretary of the Interior until his successor is appointed (1853 Feb 26)","Charles James Faulkner (1806-1884) thanks him for his interest in James E. Stewart (1852 Aug 25)","Millard Fillmore letters to Alexander H. H. Stuart -address the question of his feelings toward the South, \"I disclaim most unequivocally now and forever any desire on my part to interfere with the rights on what is termed the property of citizens of\n        other states\" and encloses a copy of the leading [Lewis] Cass paper in the state showing that Fillmore was denounced at the recent anti-slavery convention at Worcester along with Cass and Taylor (1848 Jul 5); excuses Alexander H. H. Stuart from the\n        Cabinet meeting due to the death of Judge Baldwin (1852 May 19); authorizes Alexander H. H. Stuart to take on the duties of the Secretary of the Navy until his return (1852 Sep 25); thanks him for his letter of condolence upon the death of his wife,\n        Abigail Powers on March 30, 1853 (1853 Jul 11); attempts to make arrangements for a Southern tour in the spring, and says, \"This Nebraska matter presents a new phase to things in Washington . But is it wise for the South to set the example repealing\n        the Compromise of 1820 ? If one compromise be disregarded will not another be, and will not the South in the end be left to the tender mercy of Northern fanaticism with an overwhelming numerical majority ?\" (1854 Feb 9); observes that with the latest\n        election it appears that the Whig Party has split into two factions, with the abolitionists joining the [Republicans ?] and the rest joining the American Party of Know Nothings and refers to the nomination of Henry Alexander Wise for Governor and his\n        denunciation of the Know Nothings (1854 Dec 14); and informs Alexander H. H. Stuart that Granger will try to meet him in Washington this winter and mentions the efforts of his friends to unite the national elements opposed to the present federal\n        administration into an American Union Party (1854 Dec 22)","Millard Fillmore to Daniel Webster sends John P. Scott over to see Webster concerning a position in the State Department in Londonderry, Ireland, now held by an appointee of President Tyler and says he will go along with whatever Webster wants (1851\n        Apr 2)","Edward H. Fitzhugh refers to the Bridge case in the Wheeling court (1850 Mar 25) *see newsclippings in Box 2*","E[dmund] Fontaine, Virginia Central Railroad Company, concerning his barley which has been at Waynesboro for some time prior to his letter (1859 Mar 25)","John S. Gallagher discusses the bestowal of advertising patronage by the federal government (1851 Jul 19); the suitability of Shannondale for a military asylum (1851 Aug 4); encloses a letter from William P. Buford, soliciting Alexander H. H. Stuart\n        's influence to get Mr. Buford's son appointed to a cadetship at West Point (1851 Nov 13); his examination of the controversy about the post office in Winchester and his advice not to remove Milton (1852 Jan 9); encloses letters (not present) from\n        friends desiring positions with the government (1852 Jan 16); introduces Colonel Joseph K. Hartwell (1852 Mar 10); recommends General [James] Singleton for the government position in New Mexico (1852 May 7); and asks for a copy of a letter from the\n        Commissioner of Patents to Dr. James Blake of California (1852 Jul 2).","Robert H. Gallagher, Bank of the Union, Washington asks that part of the Census Fund and the Pension Fund be deposited with him (1851 Dec 9; 1852 Sep 2)","Alexander Galt concerning his position as Postmaster at Norfolk (1851 Jul 31)","J. Garland 's letter of introduction for his relative, Alexander B. Garland (1853 Feb 2)","William H. Garland requests the position of treasurer of the mint at New Orleans (1850 Oct 29) and writes concerning the outrage committed by the authorities of Cuba on the Crescent City [New Orleans ?] (1852 Oct 7)","William Garnett, Collector Custom House, Norfolk, Virginia, concerning the effort being made to remove him from the Custom House (1851 Nov 18 \u0026 1852 Aug 11)","George Washington's Birthday Celebration Committee, Rome, Georgia, requesting Alexander H. H. Stuart 's presence at their celebration and commenting, \"The Southern people are terribly oppressed, but are disposed to preserve their manhood untarnished\n        preferring to submit for a while to military despotism rather than to the ruin and degradation of radical rule and negro supremacy\" (1868 Feb 11)","R.T. Gibson 's letters are all concerning his futile attempts to secure the position of naval officer at the port of Savannah (1851-1852)","W.M. Gilliam sends Alexander H. H. Stuart 's horse to Washington by Mr. Brent (1852 Mar 15)","T.H. Gilmer seeks more appointments for people from Virginia from the Whig administration (1850 Sep 27)","Thomas W. Gilmer writes that he is sorry that Alexander H. H. Stuart has been involved in controversy, mentions \"old [James Iver ?] McKay \" as chairman of the Ways \u0026 Means Committee, and believes that Texas will come into the Union as fast as it\n        can (1843 Dec 13)","W.W. Gilmer approves Alexander H. H. Stuart 's stand on the National Bank but is not so fond of the election of [Walter ?] Coles (1841 Apr 15)","William L. Goggin (1807-1870) his disappointment over his brother's failure to secure a position, the possibility of getting the postmastership at Sacramento City, and his declaration, \"I am a Union man and I have long thought this should be the\n        great issue (irrespective of old party associations) the Union or its Dissolution -God grant it may be perpetual -I repudiate utter fanaticism North or South\" (1850 Nov 3); and asks Alexander H. H. Stuart to remove his letter from the files of the War\n        Department requesting an appointment as Visitor to West Point (1852 Mar 10)","G. Goldenberg sends two printed pamphlets (present) entitled Observations Sur La Maladie Des Pommes De Terre in French and a copy in German,\n        presenting his treatise on the Potato Disease (1849 Feb 2)","J.T. Gordon explains being detained in the lieu d'aisance while reading Senator [William McKendree] Gwin 's attack on the Administration (1852 Jul 9)","Willis Arnold Gorman (1816-1876) agrees to a resolution to supply the heads of Departments with copies of the [Presidential Message ?] and accompanying documents (1852 Dec 14)","J. Thompson Graham solicits money for the American Emigrant's Friend Society whose object is to \"afford protection from fraud, imposition \u0026 extortion to all foreign immigrants of whatever class, nation or creed, and procure for them situations\n        free of charge.\" (1852 Oct 24)","William A. Graham (1804-1875), Secretary of the Navy, concerning the applications of various persons for assistance or for government positions such as the Virginian Mr. Chapman for purser in the Navy, a term of shore duty for Purser Forrest of the\n        U.S.S. Ohio, David Taylor of North Carolina prosecuting a claim in the Indian Bureau, the application of William E. Hopkins for a commission upon the frigate Cumberland, the appointment of Tobias Wolfe as Naval Storekeeper at Memphis, the application\n        of Commander John Rudd for a command in the Mediterranean Squadron, and inquires about the circumstances surrounding the death of James H. Norwood, Indian Agent, who was killed at Sergeants Bluff on the Missouri River (1850-1852)","Horace Greeley (1811-1872) discusses the advantages of his new Whig Almanac which he sends to Alexander H. H. Stuart, \"I have endeavored in\n        this Almanac to condense into a single view the essential characteristics of the two great antagonist parties which now so evenly divide the country. I think this view, if generally circulated, will exert a salutary influence on the formation of\n        political sentiment in our country and that this may be felt, even in the approaching Presidential contest.\" (1852 Jan 25)","F. Gremger asks Alexander H. H. Stuart to visit the State Agricultural Fair of New York (1851 Sep 3)","William Grever asks Stuart to loan him enough money to pay off James J. Trotter in return for a deed of trust upon all his property (1850 Oct 3)","Benjamin Edwards Grey supplies a testimonial for John B. Temple and explains why he is willing to recommend Colonel Irwin to a clerkship (1852 Mar 17)","George G. Grove asking for his distributive share of the funds of the B. Buler estate (1851 Oct 12)","Francis Grund asks for copies of Alexander H. H. Stuart 's Report for The New York Herald and other newspapers (1851)","Hiland Hall (1795-1885) suggests that Judge Thornton's name should precede Mr. W[?]'s in the Secretary's instructions (1851 Sep 20)","Nathan Kelsey Hall (1810-1874) invites Alexander H. H. Stuart to Buffalo for a little reception for President Fillmore at the conclusion of his term and asks him to convince William A. Graham to attend as well (1853 Jan 5); and writes about Fillmore\n        wondering if the remaining Fillmore Cabinet members would attend a reunion at Buffalo (1871 Jan 5)","J.K. Hanson encloses a letter from Hugh W. Sheffey referring to the bounty land warrant of his cousin Celly (1852 Apr 3)","J. Hardesty, President of the Rough and Ready Club of Rockingham County, which procured a silver pitcher to be presented to Alexander H. H. Stuart as a tribute (1848 Oct 25)","Kenton Harper writes enclosing the wills of Alex Grove and Lewis K Terrill and their effects from Camp Buena Vista following the Mexican War (1847 Dec 13); congratulates Alexander H. H. Stuart on his appointment as Secretary of the Interior (1850 Sep\n        14); mentions his service as commandant of the Port of Parras in the Mexican War (1850 Sep 30); discusses his appointment to the Chickasaw Indian Agency (1851 Mar 18); his report concerning affairs at the Chickasaw Agency and his concern that there are\n        many white persons living in the Agency without regular permission (1851 Sep 15); concern over the run-down condition of the Agency farm and house, cost of hiring \"a negro woman who belongs to an Indian,\" and the probability that he will only stay for\n        one year (1851 Sep 15); encloses a copy of his letter to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, L. Lea, about purchasing farming implements for \"the Caddos\" and asks Alexander H. H. Stuart 's influence to have his son, George K. Harper, appointed agent\n        for the purchase (1851 Sep 22); the complaints from the Chickasaws about the wild tribes trespassing upon their territory, a recent visit from the chief of the Caddos, George Washington, who said that his tribe had been driven out of Texas, and brought\n        up to this country by his father, Chief Chonena, who asked for and received a strip of land on the Washita from the General Council of the Choctaws, producing a certificate signed by George Folsom, one of the Choctaw District Chiefs, to prove what he\n        said. The Chief also said that General Armstrong had promised them farming implements and other tools so they could settle down on the land allotted to them by the Choctaws, in a group of about 300 to 400. An eleven year old Mexican girl rescued from\n        Indian captivity was left in his care by his predecessor, Colonel Long and he asks what is to be done with her (1851 Sep 22); and his investigation of charges of a wagonload of liquor being brought into the Indian Territory for sale (1851 Oct 5).","J. Morrison Harris, Maryland Historical Society, informs Alexander H. H. Stuart of his honorary membership (1850 May 20)","Judge N. Harrison, Salt Sulphur Springs, Monroe County, West Virginia, writes concerning several suits in his court and business matters involving Alexander H. H. Stuart ([1869] Sep 3)","Solomon George Haven (1810-1861) hopes that Alexander H. H. Stuart will make a great impact in politics in the Old Dominion, and remarks about his own area, \"I cannot tell you much of politics in this section [of New York ], there is almost a torpor.\n        I have no choice between the democrats and the Republicans. The former is made up of the foreign votes here \u0026 the latter partly in the same way and partly of the very dishonest men amongst our native born citizens. The Americans have a most worthy\n        state ticket in this State... Today the chances are in favor of the Republicans carrying the state but the battle has yet got to be set in array before results can be foretold. Perhaps the result of the struggle in Kansas and a full opening of Congress\n        is necessary to give any form whatever, to the future\" (1857 Oct 8).","A.M. Hay, his cousin, discusses the loss of her husband and the death of Alexander H. H. Stuart 's father, her plans to join her sister Mary in Athens, Greece, to help her run a boarding house for the upper class Greek girls attending the mission\n        school, and requests Alexander H. H. Stuart 's aid in securing letters of introduction from Mr. Webster to the various consuls at ports of call along the way (1852 Aug 25)","T.S. Haymond explains the causes of the defeat of the Whig candidate for Governor of Virginia, George William Summers (1804-1868) in the recent election, in his area of Virginia, the northwestern section of the state [ Monongalia County, West\n        Virginia ?] (1851 Dec 20)","Isaac Hazlehurst asks that Alexander H. H. Stuart send him copies of his articles signed \"Madison\" in reference to the American question (1857 Jun 24)","Richard H. Henderson, Virginia Colonization Society, refers to the \"true policy of Virginia to keep down the free colored population of the state: that her legislature originated the scheme for colonizing this population beyond the borders of the\n        United States; that appropriations have been well received by the people\" and recommends extending the act to those slaves set free by wills; and \"The prohibitions as to the admission of free blacks in the non- slaveholding states are well known; and,\n        should the other southwestern states follow the example set them by Mississippi as they soon will, either a channel must be opened through which this population may flow off to Africa, or it will increase amongst us to a most mischievous extent.\" (1837\n        Oct 28)","Professor Joseph Henry, Smithsonian Institute, letter of introduction for Mr. F. [Bonynge] the author of a work on the culture of tea and indigo in the United States (1852 Aug 4)","Britton A. Hill writes enclosing his newspaper articles defending Alexander H. H. Stuart 's decision in the Labeaume land grant case which was attacked in The St. Louis Republican by the claimant Maguire (1852 Feb 6 \u0026 9)","William L. Hodge encloses a newsclipping about the decision of Millard Fillmore not to be a candidate for the Presidency and how much such a declaration will injure Fillmore and the party (1852 Jan 20)","J.E. Holmes asks Alexander H. H. Stuart to recommend to the President that he increase the salary of District Judge Hoffman in San Francisco, California, lest he leave and an inferior officer replace him (1851 Oct 25)","Rev. Samuel Rutherford Houston to Dr. John J. Moorman seeking Alexander H. H. Stuart 's influence to have him appointed Principal of the Institution for the Deaf and Dumb in Staunton, Virginia (1852 Feb 24)","M.U. Houston both letters discuss the Wheeling Bridge case in which a suit was brought alleging that the Wheeling Bridge was not suitable for railroad purposes and Alexander H. H. Stuart 's role in the matter (1850 Mar 16 \u0026 Jun 8)","Benjamin Chew Howard refers to the Wheeling Bridge case and asks if Alexander H. H. Stuart wishes his brief to be inserted in his argument (1852 Jul 30)","Robert Hull acknowledges the receipt of a check which makes them even and encloses a graphic and highly complimentary sketch of Mr. Alexander H. H. Stuart from a Boston paper (1851 Oct 3)","Andrew Hunter writes about the \"Beeler Case\" and wishes to receive his administration fee now in Alexander H. H. Stuart 's hands (1851 Nov 27); and comments on his grief that Jefferson County has elected two Democrats to the Legislature, mentions\n        other items about local Virginia politics, and the dissatisfaction of the voters at Harpers Ferry due to certain army regulations (1851 Nov 27 \u0026 Dec 9)","R.M.T. Hunter (1809-1887) asks Alexander H. H. Stuart to send an estimate of the expense of the wings of the Capitol to be included in the Civil and Diplomatic Bill (1852 Feb 3)","John Daniel Imboden (1823-1895) writes concerning the suit of Daniel Mosby against Thomas Johnson and Thomas Turk over possession of a tract of land and asks if Alexander H. H. Stuart has made any arrangements for someone to take over his legal cases\n        (1850 Sep 23); his introduction of a series of land resolutions concerning the distribution of the proceeds from the sale of public lands approved by an act of Congress on September 4, 1841, and the possible use of such funds for the purpose of\n        education, and asks Alexander H. H. Stuart to get a clerk to make a brief statement as to what appropriations of land have been made for educational and internal improvements, to what states, when, and for what specific objects, has hopes of carrying\n        the Central Railroad this session along with other internal improvements, the great excitement over the next Presidential election with Millard Fillmore being the choice of the Virginia Whigs with Alexander H. H. Stuart being mentioned as the\n        Vice-Presidential candidate (1852 Jan 31); writes again concerning the great Central line of improvement through Virginia, especially a proposition to construct a railroad from Covington to the Ohio River on state account and asks if he can negotiate\n        the sale of stock in London or New York (1853 Jan 22)","Joseph K. Irving, San Francisco, writes through W.D. Fair, praising the fidelity of James M. Crane, editor of The California Courier, to Whig\n        principles and doctrines, discusses \"the gross frauds and outrageous wrongs inflicted and committed by the [Locofocos], in the matter of the contested seats\" (1851 Mar 4); and introduces Dr. Wozencraft, California Indian agent (1852 Nov 30)","G.W. Israel asks for a donation for a seminary to train teachers of moderate circumstances to educate the lower classes (1853 Feb 8)","S.D. Jacobs refers to changes of mail routes proposed by R.G. Harmon (1851 Nov 13)","John Janney (1798-1872) writes concerning the necessity of resigning his position, as the Commissioner to West Virginia, due to his poor eyesight, unless the Legislature decides to settle the state debt question by agreeing to pay two-thirds of the\n        debt and repudiating the balance, leaving the creditors of the state of Virginia to look to West Virginia for the residue (1866-1867)","G.N. Johnson concerning the legal case of the Bank of the United States vs Samuel Leake (1840 May 14)","R.[G.] Johnson writes about postponing the argument in a legal case, \"the only question to be argued in the brief case, is, whether the act of Congress does not legalize the Brief\" (1850-1853 all about this case)","William B. Kayser notifies Alexander H. H. Stuart that Dr. Hall has received payment through the Finley estate and has remitted five hundred dollars to Alexander H. H. Stuart drawn on the Bank of Winchester (1852 Sep 24)","John P. Kennedy (1795-1870) tries to secure a clerkship for a friend, Mr. Ridgate (1850 Sep 18); regards \"every man now who places the Compromise [of 1850 ?] in the front of his creed a good and true Whig -and every convert to the Administration on\n        that ground a new recruit to the standard of Whig principles\" (1851 Apr 17); arrangements made for the ceremony connected with the committee on the Inauguration of the Statue (1853 Jan 7); attempts to persuade Alexander H. H. Stuart to accompany\n        himself and Mr. Millard Fillmore on a trip south to Richmond, Charleston, Savannah, and then on to Cuba, West Indies, New Orleans and thence to Kentucky and home (1854 Feb 13)","Joseph C.G. Kennedy, Census Office, writes about various properties (1847 Jun 17); recommends that Mr. Hall be sent to Richmond to retake the census for that city (1851 Apr 2); mentions Alexander H. H. Stuart 's election to the National Institute\n        (1851 Apr 8); beginning in May of 1851, he writes six letters during his trip to Europe to study the European use of statistics and their use in legislation, the census, and agricultural production; visits the Statistical Society of London and\n        discusses the ratio of representation, fractions, and population (1851 Jun 3); visits the President of the Board of Trade to get information on the true basis of statistical knowledge (1851 Jun 10); urged to stay and address the British Association for\n        the Promotion of Science of which Prince Albert was President, his visits to some of the foremost statistical men connected to British government offices and other nations such as Prussia, France, and Belgium (1851 Jun 23); his description of Berlin\n        and Wittenberg, recommendation that a Bureau of Agriculture \u0026 Statistics be created along the lines of those in France and Belgium, prediction that America will march to a degree of honor and prosperity that will far exceed any of the old world\n        (1851 Aug 7); on recommendation of Baron Humboldt he plans to visit Vienna (1851 Aug 17); at home, the mania for rail and plank roads, political news of Pennsylvania, and his expectation that the Scott Whigs will carry the Presidency (1852 Oct 16);\n        discusses the political race between Scott and Harrison in the region of Pittsburgh ([?] Oct 12)","Kent Lumber Company concerning the payment of drafts incurred by federal agencies (1852 Oct 27)","Andrew W. Kercheval with a genealogical inquiry about James Wood, a Revolutionary General and Virginia Governor (1867 Feb 14)","William Kerr seeking whiskey patronage (1851 Nov 14)","Samuel D. King about California affairs, blames the Whig government for neglecting the state and predicts bad consequences for the upcoming election (1851 Jul 14)","Jefferson Kinney all three letters deal with business matters such as the sale of Alexander H. H. Stuart 's lots in Staunton for a railroad passenger depot and possible benefits to the town from the railroad (1852)","Nicholas Kinney refers to the speech of [Mr. Nathaniel Pitcher Tallmadge ?] concerning the Bankruptcy Bill, the Locofocos, his disappointment with his friend [ Thomas Walker?] Gilmer, the conversion of David W. Patteson, who is a possible candidate\n        for Congress, to Methodism (1841 Sep 3); sends a copy of letter from the Rev. B.M. Smith concerning a rumor that Alexander H. H. Stuart contradicted his statement about Dr. Ticknor's qualifications as assistant physician at the Asylum (1851 Feb 18\n        \u0026 26); the strong position of the Whig party at present (1851 Feb 26)","R.H. Kinney asks Alexander H. H. Stuart to pursue the military claim of the heirs of Dr. Roberts (1841 Jun 25)","William Kinney reports on several court cases and discusses political appointments, especially Mr. Hagarty for the Liverpool consulate, and Alexander H. H. Stuart 's vote to rescind the 21 rule (1841 Jun 13); complains about the behavior of the Whig\n        Congress so far, discusses Alexander H. H. Stuart 's outline of his plan of operations for this session and not fixing the ratio of representation under the new census for the next Congress, his fear that the Locofocos will gain influence in the\n        Virginia State Legislature, the resignation of \"Extra Billy\" [Governor William Smith ] from his seat in the Senate and his hopes that the House of Representatives would give the seat to Extra \"for really I consider him a great nuisance in the Senate,\"\n        believes that Webster's objections to the appointment of Hagarty to the consulate of Liverpool not valid as he [wrongly !] thinks Nicholas Trist was born in Louisiana and is not a Virginian, and discusses his [Kentz?] suit at length (1841 Jun 23);\n        argues that the success of the suit of Porterfield vs Clark hinges on proving that the country in question belonged to the Cherokees in 1779, found out that Silas E. Burrows is the favorite of Webster for the Liverpool consulate, while the leading\n        merchants of New York favor Hagarty, and says Tucker will accept the professorship of law on condition that they will let him reside out of the precincts of the University [of Virginia] (1841 Jul 22); reports that they have just finished the battle for\n        Speaker of the Virginia Legislature with the election of [Valentine Wood] Southall considered a Whig victory, \"we had a long, I cannot say very able or palatable message from the accidental Gov. of Virginia -coming into office as he did, he ought to\n        have been modest\" (1841 Dec 6); notes that the introduction of a batch of Federal resolutions into the House have alarmed the Locofocos, especially the one urging the repeal of the Distribution Act, which is popular in the Western part of the state,\n        and discusses the prospects of several men for the Governorship of Virginia (1841 Dec 24); reports on election results in Augusta County, urges Alexander H. H. Stuart to write some articles on the Tariff to attract the support of the young farmers and\n        mechanics which are being courted by the Democrats as new voters under the new state constitution (1851 Oct 24); discusses the legal case of Woods vs Brooks and expresses his confidence in the election of General Scott (1852 Jul 13); discusses the\n        election of cashier at the Bank and the appointment of a marshall for the western district of Virginia (1852 Nov 12 \u0026 30); and discusses the affairs of the Staunton Bank, of which he is President, and the Central Railroad (1852 Dec 23)","O.B. Knode asks Alexander H. H. Stuart 's influence be used to have Colonel Tiernan appointed to a judgeship in Utah (1852 Jan 22)","F.A. Kownslar writes concerning a debt (1833 Jun 24)","Daniel Kraber concerning the will of George Lightner with a copy of the will attached (1831 Nov 15)","J.D. Kurtz concerning cadet appointments (1853 Jan 17)","John H.B. Latrobe appreciates Alexander H. H. Stuart 's speech and the exposition of the operation of the partnership principle by Alexander H. H. Stuart (1838 Sep 1)","Joseph S. Leake inquires about the price of one of Mr. Alexander H. H. Stuart 's houses (1831 Nov 3)","Adam Lee about taking up a land agency in the Transalleghany country (1831 Mar 11)","John Letcher (1813-1884) hopes Alexander H. H. Stuart has received the seeds sent by his friend Whiting (1856 May 2)","[Will H. Lewis ?], State Department, sends invitation to dine (n.d.)","John Tayloe Lomax asks which states are a good market for legal books, expresses his opinion of the need for a protective tariff, his hope that Henry Clay will run as the Whig candidate for President, and the appearance that John C. Calhoun was the\n        most prominent of the Locofocos (1842 Jul 8)","L. Luckett describes his family's trip to Memphis, [Tennessee] (1859 Aug 1); mentions seeing the manufacture of weapons in Richmond and his trip to New Orleans during the Civil War, the condition of the cotton crop, benefits of the war in uniting the\n        South, the vast difference between the Southerners and the Yankees, the ironclad [Thunderbolt ?] expected to leave New Orleans this week to go against Fort St. Phillip and Jackson (1861 Sep 2); refers to negotiations with England by the South and\n        refers to slavery \"our peculiar institution that they hoped was our weakness, is a tower of strength.\" (1861 Dec 23)","James Lyons appreciates Alexander H. H. Stuart 's speech upon the subject of a national Bank and recommends the establishment of an Exchange Bank with branches in all of the states and regrets the division that the Bank issue has brought between the\n        executive and legislative branches (1841 Aug 20)","Joseph S. Machie both letters discuss getting the deposition of James M.H. Beale for a trial (1851-1852)","James MacDonald wants his younger brother appointed a surgeon either in the Navy or Army (1851 Oct 8)","Redick McKee reports on the progress of the Commission sent to California to visit the hundreds of small Indian tribes and families, his plans to soon visit the tribes along the Mercede River, Mariposa County, the condition of the Whig Party in\n        California, the upcoming Senatorial contest, and his desire for the San Francisco Custom House position if it comes open (1851 Jan 28); reports signing the first treaty between the United States and the California Indians at Camp Fremont on March 19th\n        with six tribes and the possibility of a treaty with two more tribes near Fresno River, the poor quality of the soil, and his poor opinion of Dr. Wozencraft, California Indian agent (1851 Mar 21); recommends pacifying the Indians with a liberal supply\n        of beef and flour, his disagreement with Wozencraft who entered into a contract with Fremont, a political opponent, to supply beef to the Indians before the treaties were ratified by Congress and signed by the President, mentions other scandals and\n        improprieties in the Indian agency of California, and feels that reorganization of the whole governmental system in California is necessary (1851 Jun 30); desires the newly created position of \"Superintendent of Indian Affairs for the Pacific Coast\"\n        and criticizes the appointment of Lt. Beall as Indian Commissioner for California because he is known as a Democrat (1852 Mar 17 \u0026 May 5)","Thomas M.S. McKennan letter of introduction for William Mills (1851 Oct 29)","Lewis McKenzie asks Alexander H. H. Stuart to speak before the Bell \u0026 Everett Club as a friend of the Union (1860 Aug 31)","William McLaughlin asks if Staunton will support the invitation by the Franklin Club, Washington College, and the Virginia Military Institute, to Edward Everett to speak in Lexington in order to raise money to purchase Mount Vernon (1857 Nov 23)","Theodorick B. McRobert thanks Alexander H. H. Stuart for the clerkship in the Department of the Interior (1850 Oct 3); includes a letter from Archibald B. Walker concerning a possible pension based on the Revolutionary War service of Alexander Walker\n        (1850 Nov 26 \u0026 1851 Jan 8); includes a letter from the Rev. Luther Emerson, of Cob Bottom, Highland County, who promises to write a series of essays on the Scriptural view of slavery if McRobert will help him get some Northern Whig newspapers to\n        print them (1851 Dec 18 \u0026 26)","F. Madera requests a promotion in the Pension Office (1851 Dec 30)","Allan B. Magruder writes to secure a cadetship for his son, John T. Magruder, at West Point, and asks for a letter of introduction to the Secretary of the Navy on behalf of his brother, Captain Magruder (1851-1853); he also expresses his\n        disappointment that Millard Fillmore did not receive the nomination at the Baltimore Convention (1852 Jun 24)","James Maguire accuses Mr. Bartlett, the Mexican Boundary Survey Commissioner, of embezzling (1851 Mar 29)","Francis Mallory (1807-1860) congratulates Alexander H. H. Stuart on his appointment to the Cabinet (1851 Jun 13); discusses the case of Mr. Kyle of Norfolk and criticizes Mr. Eubank and his staff over his handling of Kyle's case (1852); and informs\n        Alexander H. H. Stuart that the Whigs of Norfolk want the postmaster position to go to John P. Leigh when Mr. Cohen dies (1852 Sep 29)","N. Marmion to Messrs. Baldwin \u0026 Stuart, Attorneys-at-Law, concerning the debt of George Nicholson (1834 Mar 6 \u0026 Aug 21)","Timothy Marmion writes concerning business matters (n.y. Dec 21)","J.K. Marshall writes concerning a debt owed by Messrs. Harman \u0026 Garber (1852 Jan 30)","Thomas A. Marshall inquires if Alexander H. H. Stuart can help him determine if James M. Moffit is deceased, Moffit was a plaintiff in the legal case of Miller heirs vs Boatman (1833)","Thomas Martin notifies Alexander H. H. Stuart that his father, Pleasant Martin, has moved to Tennessee (1830 Jul 27)","William Martin discusses the upcoming Virginia election for governor and the need for Governor Francis Harrison Pierpont to convince the Legislature to fix the question of the payment of the interest on the public debt (1867 Feb 10)","Maryland Institute Officers \u0026 Managers ask Alexander H. H. Stuart to deliver their \"Annual Address\" at the opening of the Annual Exhibition of Manufacturers \u0026 Machinery (1851 Oct 6)","James Murray Mason (1798-1871) regrets that he does not have any of the published documents concerning the Wheeling Bridge case, excepting the Congressional Globe at home (1853 Oct 22)","[John Young] Mason (1799-1859) recommending John Dabney for some Federal government position (1851 Dec 30)","Colonel James W. Massie writes concerning a debt owed to Hugh McClure (1871 Apr 17)","Thomas E. Massie, Santa Fe, New Mexico, introduces D.V. Whiting, as knowledgeable of modern languages (1852 May 5)","Joel E. Matthews writes concerning the legal case of Matthews vs Minzes (1851-1852)","Tyre Maupin informs Alexander H. H. Stuart that the Rough and Ready Club of Rockingham County plan to present him with a silver pitcher for his services to the Whig Party (1848 Sep 3); asks if Alexander H. H. Stuart knows whether James Madison ever\n        offered a Cabinet position to General Scott and informs him that he plans to vote for Scott now that he has the Whig nomination (1852 Jul 17)","R. Mayo asks for a favorable review of his book now before the Pension Committee of the Senate (1852)","Thompson G. Martin writes concerning his efforts to sell some Alexander H. H. Stuart land for them in Scott County, Virginia, and Tennessee (1831, 1834)","Members of the Virginia Legislature names Whig candidates favored by themselves for several positions (n.d.)","Memoranda of A.H.H. Stuart while Secretary of the Interior, chiefly concerning appointments and removals for positions in the government under his jurisdiction (ca. 1851-1853)","C.F. Mercer, President of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Company, writes to Alexander H. H. Stuart as their representative (1832 May 28)","Hugh Mercer asks Daniel Webster to transfer his son, George Weedon Mercer, from the Second Auditor's Office, to the State Department (1851 Feb 22 \u0026 Jul 4)","[S.]C.M. Merillat asks Alexander H. H. Stuart if he knows if Congress plans on raising the duties on foreign iron in the near future as he has interests in an iron rolling mill and they need to decide what to do with it now that it has suspended\n        operations (1852 Jun 1)","C.H. Merritt sends Alexander H. H. Stuart a ring made out of native gold of New Mexico (1851 Sep 30) and introduces Judge Houghton of New Mexico (1851 Oct 20)","Thomas J. Michie (1795-1873) writes concerning various legal cases (1845 Aug 1; 1850 Dec 19; 1852 Jan 18 \u0026 29 and Oct 15); congratulates him on his appointment to the Cabinet and expresses his hopes that the Administration will benefit from any\n        good will generated by the Compromise of 1850, his regret at being without Alexander H. H. Stuart 's companionship during his stay in Washington, and offers to help with any of his legal cases when he is not on the other side (1850 Sep 15); thanks\n        Alexander H. H. Stuart for his gift, comments on the recent election, \"for I could not but believe that a majority of the new made vote would be Democratic, \u0026 I knew the power of the party which, to make men forget every excellence, \u0026 carry out\n        the behests of the party...nor are the Whigs less the slaves of such machinery than the Democrats,\" discusses the plight of Hungarian patriot and statesman, Lajos Kossuth (1802-1894), and mentions \"the young Napoleon\" [ Napoleon III ] (1851 Dec 29);\n        sends a printed copy of his points of law, made in the appeal case of Points, assignee of Hottle vs Crawford, and discusses the case (1852 Jan 14)","William C. Micou asks for his assistance in a case now before the Supreme Court (1852 Oct 20)","Daniel F. Miller to Thomas Corwin -asks for Isaac Leffler (1788-1866), a former Whig member of Congress from Virginia, to be appointed to one of the land districts in Iowa; President Millard Fillmore appointed him receiver of public moneys for the\n        Chariton land district of Iowa on August 30th (1852 Aug 17)","Jacob Welsh Miller (1800-1862) introduces George P. [?], of New Jersey, a member of the U.S. \u0026 Mexican Boundary Commission (1852 May 5)","James Miller asks Alexander H. H. Stuart to intervene with John P. Kennedy on his brother's behalf for an appointment in the Navy Department (1852 Dec 1)","Zophar Mills, Chairman of the Seventh Ward Democratic Whig Association of the City of New York, encloses a copy of the Preamble and Constitution of the Association (1851 Jul 8)","Joseph L. Mitchell acknowledges the receipt of the agricultural book (1852 Feb 7)","John Moebus requests Alexander H. H. Stuart to furnish him with the money to reach New York (1852 Jun 22)","John Moffett writes concerning his unhappiness over the nomination of General Winfield Scott and his fears of a military candidate and Roman Catholics in the election (1852 Jun 27)","Thomas S. Moffett, cousin of Alexander H. H. Stuart, requests he send one hundred dollars to Richmond (1834 Jan 27)","Henry W. Moncure asks for a letter of introduction to Abbott Lawrence, the United States Minister to Great Britain, to facilitate his tour of Europe (1852 Jun 9)","Charles P. Montague volunteers to carry dispatches abroad for the Federal government (1852 Jun 8)","D.E. Moore expresses dismay at the election of John Tyler as President (1841 Aug 26)","John K. Moore asks that Alexander H. H. Stuart remember his son, John B. Moore, who was unable to continue his plan of working in the mines due to dysentery caught while waiting in Panama for a ship, if any appointments open up in California (1850\n        Nov 27); and expresses his disgust at the nomination of General Scott (1852 Jul 6)","L.T. Moore writes concerning the Beeler family estate (1851 Oct 10,18, 21)","Samuel McDowell Moore writes letters concerning political events in Virginia and the Virginia Legislature, including: the \"Senatorial Lottery,\" his own possible candidacy for office in the Virginia Senate to oppose the \"unworthy\" David W. Patteson, a\n        bill for a Railroad from Staunton to Harpers Ferry to Baltimore, the reorganization of the courts, and his opposition to amalgamating the Common Law and Chancery Court (1830 Jan 24); his busy schedule with the Committee on Elections which sent Barbour\n        and Davis back to try again, returning the elections to the people for a revote, with no information about Alexander H. H. Stuart 's Senator (1830 Dec 25); passage of the Railway Bill from Staunton to the Potomac, and tells about the nephew of Chief\n        Justice John Marshall shooting and killing William Gott after he refused to duel with him (1831 Feb 23-24); news that Jefferson [Kinney?] plans to run as a candidate for the Senate against Patteson and his own indecision about whether to run as well\n        (1831 Mar 2); thanks Alexander H. H. Stuart for his opinions about Moore running for the Virginia Senate in order to unseat David W. Patteson, speaks about his opposition to the odious amendment to Alexander H. H. Stuart 's Railroad Bill introduced\n        into the House of Delegates which prohibited the government from subscribing to any part of the stock, the 29th section of the bill was stricken out, discusses all of his work to secure the passage of the bill as Alexander H. H. Stuart submitted it,\n        and mentions the Judiciary Bill (1831 Mar 17); discusses the bill affecting court clerk fees, his decision not to run for the Virginia Senate seat, and the Railroad Bill (1831 Apr 10); furnishes his opinion of the elections at Rockbridge and Augusta,\n        Mr. Dorman's efforts for David W. Patteson and against his own candidate (1831 Jun 30, Jul 4 \u0026 5); discusses the bill for internal improvements, the work of the Special Committee regarding the subject of removing free Negroes and Mulattoes, the\n        emancipation of slaves, the majority of the Committee refused to pay for the Negroes killed in Southampton, and other propositions concerning slaves and their removal from western Virginia (1832 Jan 5); following Moore's election to the House of\n        Representatives, he believes the followers of Martin Van Buren have the political advantage, the President seems anxious to get Daniel Webster into the Democratic Party in order to carry the Senate in their favor, Nullifiers also want Webster to switch\n        parties to alienate Southerners, destroy the Union, and establish a Southern Confederacy, the inadvisability of Henry Clay running for President, and mention of Richard M. Johnson of Kentucky as a probable candidate for Vice-President with Van Buren\n        (1833 Dec 24); discusses the election of [Littleton Waller] Tazewell (1774-1860) as evidence that the \"Old Dominion\" is dead set against Martin Van Buren for President and other political matters, and includes an amusing story of his social life (1834\n        Jan 11); his concern over the Banking Bill and false accusations against Moore printed by the editor of The Fincastle Patriot 1834 Apr 7);\n        encouraged by the results of the Virginia elections and other political gossip (1834 May 20); discusses the resolutions regarding the Sub-Treasury scheme, Calhoun's speech supporting the scheme, and Clay's speech against it and Calhoun, and mention of\n        the Locofoco Party (1838 Feb 22); some of the Whigs uneasy over Alexander H. H. Stuart 's vote on the 21st Rule which vote Moore approved, \"I consider the true ground on which to meet the abolitionists is that they are prohibited by the Constitution\n        from interfering with our domestic concerns, and we should meet them on the ramparts of the Constitution. And not in endeavoring to defend a rule of order of at least doubtful justice and propriety,\" and furnishes his version of the history of the\n        \"abolition humbug\" beginning with General Jackson kicking Calhoun out of the \"Kitchen Cabinet\" and continuing with Calhoun's attempt to fan the flames of sectional division for his own political purposes; and his belief that the Whigs should pass Mr.\n        Ewing's Bank Bill with as little alteration as possible, and mentions Extra Billy Smith 's letter expressing his opinion that Tyler will veto any bill chartering a U.S. Bank (1841 June 22); the defeat of the Bank Bill in Congress, Tyler's attack on the\n        Whig Party as the enemy of States' Rights, the controversy over the nature of the proposed National Bank and his own solution to the problem, and his contention that the Bankruptcy Bill should not be passed at present (1841 Aug 22); complains about\n        [John Minor] Botts giving Whigs a bad name, discusses flaws in the Bank Bill, notes that Whigs are dissatisfied with [William Cabell ?] Rives course in countering the Whig Party, and complains about [Henry Alexander ?] Wise (1841 Aug 27); and discusses\n        the Firebaugh Will legal case (1850 Oct 18; 1852 Jan 5 \u0026 Mar 16)","John Moorman recommends the Rev. Samuel R. Houston as Superintendent of the Deaf and Dumb Asylum at Staunton, Virginia (1852 Mar 4)","[W.?] Morris seeks a position in the State Department (1852 Dec 1)","C.L. Mosby writes concerning claims against the Thomas Wells estate (1831 May 18); and asks if he knows of a purser position in the Navy for his brother, William W. Mosby (1851 Dec 15)","[Alexander] Moseley expresses his concern with President Tyler and Edward Everett 's reply to the abolitionists (1841 Jul-Aug); discusses the idea of acquiring Cuba from Spain and the widespread aversion to Spanish rule in Cuba and his hopes that\n        [John Minor ?] Botts would not be elected (1851 Jun 13 \u0026 Oct 20); believes that Millard Fillmore will be nominated at the Baltimore Convention (1852 Mar 20); the need for a full Whig vote in Virginia to defeat Franklin Pierce (1852 Oct 5 \u0026\n        7)","J.W. Myers questions Stuart about the meaning of President Millard Fillmore 's latest message in regard to military intervention on behalf of the Hungarian Lajos Kossuth or in any European conflict (1851 Dec 11)","Thomas Nairu writes concerning federal appointments in Iowa (1850 Oct 23)","C.W. Newton, one of the Commissioners chosen to select a site for the Norfolk Custom House, discusses the matter, and recommends that the other commissioners be retained as superintendents to continue with the construction of the Custom House (1851\n        May 1); asks why the delay in the appointment of his friend, Walter H. Taylor (1852 Aug 20); recommends John P. Leigh for the Postmaster position at Norfolk (1852 Sep 29)","Isaac C. Newton regrets his defence of Bryant who was removed from office by his own misconduct and not through prejudice as he claimed (1853 Jan 15)","Dr. C.N. Nichols concerning the purchase of \" Woodstock, \" the farm of Mrs. Brent and a note from John Carroll Brent (1852 Nov 23)","William Ogden Niles writes concerning the prosecution of parties arrested for frauds upon the Departments of the Interior and the Treasury (1850 Nov 12)","John A. North furnishes information in several cases in which Alexander H. H. Stuart is listed as Counsel in Judge Thompson's Circuit (1852 Aug 14)","John A. [Parker ?] thanks Alexander H. H. Stuart for his recent speech on the slavery question and Mr. Lincoln's plan to purchase land to colonize the freed Negroes (1873 Oct 27)","William Elisha Peters (1829-1906) urges Alexander H. H. Stuart through another faculty member not to use the revenue from the Corcoran fund for the general purposes of the University of Virginia or to any other than the benefit of the Professors\n        which will assure the future of the institution (1876 Nov 23)","[Sir Flinders ?] Petrie, Secretary of the Victoria Institute or Philosophical Society of Great Britain, invites Alexander H. H. Stuart to join the society (1878 Aug 12)","Eb Phlegar furnishes a table of voting in the precincts of Montgomery County and Pulaski County (1841 Apr 24)","L.M. Powell expresses his concern over Alexander H. H. Stuart 's fall into the water and tells about the loss of his trunk (1860 Oct 23)","W.A. Powell statement of interest due (1868 Dec 16)","William Ballard Preston (1805-1862) discusses the Whig Convention in Philadelphia, the nomination of Zachary Taylor, the vulnerability of Lewis Cass, and mentions [John Minor] Botts (1848 Jun 15)","Charles Radziminski asks for a leave of absence to be arranged so he can travel to Europe and check on his family whom he has not heard from since his exile from Poland for revolutionary activity in 1834 (1852 Aug 1)","Robert Ridgway (1823-1870) asks Alexander H. H. Stuart if he would accept the opposition nomination for Governor and discusses others who might accept a position on the ticket (1859 Jan 9)","Lawrence Riggs writes about the desire of Rev. F.W. Hatch for the Chaplaincy to the U.S. Marine Hospital at St. Louis (1851 Jan 8)","Alexander Rives discusses the idea of secession, \"A vague fear distresses us, lest our people should be maddened by occurrences at the South and dragged after the seceding states. I am clean for keeping the state out of that vortex.\" He also suggests\n        that the Southern representatives meet with their Stephen Douglass allies and agree to serve in Lincoln's Cabinet if asked (1860 Nov 20) and \"You can well conceive that I am not favorably inclined to our unceremonious \u0026 unexpected transfer to Jeff.\n        Davis \u0026 Co. I did not like the Convention's adoption of Judge Allen's sophism in the preamble to the Act of Secession; -it is a false gloss and unworthy of the state;\" (1861 May 13)","William Cabell Rives expresses hopes that they can create a great National Conservative Party to preserve the Union and avoid the extremism proclaimed by Mr. Seward in recent speeches in New York (1859 Jan 5); and fears his health will not permit him\n        to give the speech on behalf of the Committee to the people of the United States; he died on April 25 (1868 Jan 7)","William Barton Rogers hesitates to endorse any mining and economical surveys, and mentions that he enjoyed the address of his friend Judge Bradley at the public exercises at the University of Virginia (1881 Jul 7)","W.H. Ruffner wishes that Alexander H. H. Stuart would receive the nomination for the Vice-Presidency and asks Alexander H. H. Stuart to come to Philadelphia to make a speech before the Convention, \"A little glorification of Hungary -some leanings\n        toward our `Manifest Destiny' -a few digs at `European despotisms' -a compliment to the Sultan -a javelin at Nicholas -in short `much ado about nothing' is all that is needed.\" (1851 Dec 5)","Benjamin Rush expresses his admiration for Alexander H. H. Stuart and his efforts to avoid the dissolution of the Union before the Civil War and hopes to further reconciliation between the North and South should he be elected to Congress (1874 Aug\n        4)","John C. Rusmisell discusses the popular election of Joseph Johnson for Governor in Virginia under the new state constitution (1851 Dec 25)","N[athan] Sargent (1794-1875), author of Public Men and Events, in several letters that reveal the turbulent condition of American politics\n        during the period immediately preceding the Civil War, Sargent urges that articles be published in the Richmond Whig supporting his and\n        Alexander H. H. Stuart 's positions in the upcoming elections, mentions the controversy over the Crittenden Amendment, violent feelings on both sides of the slavery issue, and urges a meeting of representatives of various Conservative groups who wish\n        to work to preserve the Union, hopes for the defeat of John Letcher (1858-1859); and deplores the course of Goggin and Bell of Kentucky, \"I can never subscribe to the doctrine that Congress must protect slavery in the Territories; never. We must\n        repudiate that vagary.\" (1859 Aug 12); and discusses the effect of the outbreak at Harpers Ferry (1859 Oct 24)","R.E. Scott furnishes his views as to the nomination to be made at the Baltimore Convention (1852 May 22)","Joseph Segar writes concerning the Presidential nomination; his support for Millard Fillmore and his distaste for Scott (1852 Mar 11)","Hugh W. Sheffey compares the advantages of investing in state bonds and U.S. stock, asks his opinion of \"Thompson's Revolution\" before the General Assembly which means to reduce the number of circuit courts and increase the pay of judges, the House\n        of Delegates will soon begin examining the criminal code, expects passage of the Covington and Ohio Railroad Bill, anxious that all the state internal improvements be completed so that Virginia can tap the great Western wealth, and the bill enlarging\n        the limits of Staunton has passed (1848 Feb 12); discusses his recent attempt to pass a bill to reapportion the delegates and senators throughout the Commonwealth and Mr. Scott of Fauquier County 's proposed bill re reapportionment, failure of the bill\n        to extend the Louisa Railroad towards Harrisonburg, his concern over the Whig nomination, \"Stuart, I am satisfied that the nomination of Mr. Clay will prostrate the Whig party in the South -no young man in the South can for twenty years to come expect\n        to rise to any post of honour or distinction if Clay should ever be elected by the Wilmot proviso vote of the North\" (1848 Feb 16); the Virginia Whig Convention voted to support Zachary Taylor for the Presidential candidate (1848 Feb 25); notifies\n        Alexander H. H. Stuart that an appropriation of six thousand dollars was made by the General Assembly to the Deaf \u0026 Dumb \u0026 Blind Institution to square its debts and warns him as its President not to come to the General Assembly for more\n        assistance (1850 Mar 14); and writes concerning the bounty land warrant of his cousin Celly (1852 Apr 2)","W.G. [Snethen ?] asks that the Department of the Interior award land sale advertisements to the newspaper The Virginian edited by Terry and\n        Shields (1852 Oct 9)","Lord Stirling sends a copy of The Democratic Review containing the first of a series of articles concerning his legally established rights in\n        British North America (1852 Sep 11)","Samuel Strong writes concerning the bids for the extension of the marble work of the Capitol (1851 Nov 5)","James French Strother (1811-1860) asks Alexander H. H. Stuart to write to Mr. Hall and tell him that he believes the bill authorizing the appointment of an assistant agent will pass (1852 Jun 8)","Alexander H.H. Stuart Letters writes in great detail to Thomas Michie concerning the subjects of internal improvements, especially the James River Company, \u0026 the increase of Banking capital and the opposition of Joseph C. Cabell to their plans,\n        and the Democratic Party being forced to accept David Campbell as Governor (1837 Jan 29); to an unknown correspondent, tries to correct the allegation by John Minor Botts that the resolution offered by Alexander H. H. Stuart at the extra session of\n        Congress in June 1841 was copied by Alexander H. H. Stuart from Botts' resolution and presented as his own and asks for his correspondent to be a witness to what actually transpired (1845 Dec 12); furnishes a testimonial to the worthy service W.D.C.\n        Goddard has performed in the Department of the Interior (1852 Jun 30); to his brother, Gerald B. Stuart, writes that William H. Clarke wants a barrel of his best whiskey sent, William Stuart needs a good horse, predicts big battles soon, probably at\n        Yorktown, Harpers Ferry, or Manassas Gap, and says of the Convention, \"We have a most miserable spirit prevailing in the Convention -a spirit of carping \u0026 bitter hostility to Letcher -such men as Harris, Ambler, Garnett seem disposed to assail him\n        on every frivolous pretext\" (1861 Jun 15); writes to his daughter, Maggie B. Stuart, concerning her schooling (1873 Feb 7); from the University of Virginia, to his mother, Eleanor Stuart, about his brother Archibald Stuart 's engagement (Oct 7); and to\n        his wife, informing her that he hoped to be home from Washington soon, neither the Whig nor Democratic Parties can command the full loyalty of their followers in the present debate, and describes his anxiety about his children (n.d.)","Archibald P. Stuart assures him of his best wishes and support as he leaves for Washington and thanks him for the frock coat and the beautiful wheat (1850 Sep 29)","Eleanor Briscoe Stuart writes concerning the settling of an estate (n.d.)","J.E.B. Stuart while at West Point, answers Alexander H. H. Stuart 's questions about the annuity left him by Uncle Chapman (1851 Dec 25); and writes concerning the opportunities in real estate in Kansas where he is now serving at Fort Leavenworth\n        (1857 Jan 28)","Oscar J.C. Stuart writes concerning Alexander H. H. Stuart 's bereavement, the genealogy of his father's family, particularly his grandfather, John Stockton, and comments on the state of Virginia politics (1859 August 8)","Isaac H. Sturgeon encloses newsclippings concerning the Labaume case (1852 Feb 4)","George William Summers (1804-1868) describes the death of their friend, Secretary of the Navy Thomas Walker Gilmer (1802-1844), who was killed by the bursting of a gun called \"the Peacemaker\" on board the U.S.S. Princeton on the Potomac River, near\n        Washington, D.C. and what the loss of Secretary of State Abel P. Upshur would mean in the negotiations over the Oregon Territory with the new minister from Great Britain; feels that the quality of this Congress is decidedly inferior to the last, and\n        his approval of Alexander H. H. Stuart 's articles in The Richmond Whig (1844 Feb 28); and comments extensively on the \"farce\" of the\n        Democratic-Locofoco nomination of James Polk for President (1844 May 30)","William T. Sutherlin regrets the error of the people of Virginia at not returning Alexander H. H. Stuart to office, although he was instrumental in restoring Virginia to the Union, Alexander H. H. Stuart was not elected to public office in 1870 (1870\n        Nov 9); refers to the speech by William Mahone as a \"campaign document\" in favor of his Virginia policy and against the free Railroad Law, his desire to get rid of the obligation to build the Cumberland Gap Road and to make several other changes in the\n        Act of Consolidation, and expresses his low opinion of Mahone and his \"Radicals\" (1873 Apr 4)","[J.H. Tagart ?] insists that Alexander H. H. Stuart accept his invitation to \"eat a little Virginia venison with some Maryland canvass back ducks with an old friend\" (1852 Nov 28)","William H. Terrill asks that Alexander H. H. Stuart exchange autographs and photographs with him (1871 Nov 17)","Lucas P. Thompson writes that various persons have urged him to suggest to Alexander H. H. Stuart that his best chance of election is to join the Know Nothing Party and run as one of their candidates but hesitates because \"I entertain a prejudice not\n        so much against the principles or what are said to be the principles of the new party as the secrecy of their organization and action\" (1855 Jan 21)","Nicholas K. Trout, Senate of Virginia, addresses the re-adjustment of the public debt question with West Virginia and informs Alexander H. H. Stuart of the fate of several bills in the Legislature (1867 Jan 20)","Unidentified Letters include the following subjects: the failure to revive interest in an Act promoting a railroad from Staunton to Scottsville or the James River, the need to pursue the James River improvements, especially with the Louisa Railroad,\n        but has little hopes of resolution until the settlement of the Bank Bill which he discusses and discusses the selection of a site for the Deaf \u0026 Dumb Asylum (1839 Mar 1); the terrible disaster on the lower Mississippi claiming the life of B.B.\n        Stuart (1859 May 2); the editor of The Sandy Valley Advocate writes concerning the development of the great coal field in the Great Sandy Valley\n        of Kentucky and asks what the Kentucky Whigs should do in the present political crisis (1859 Aug 27); and a Civil War letter from Bristoe Station, Virginia, where a Confederate soldier sends home fifty dollars in care of Alexander H. H. Stuart ([1861\n        ?] Sep 12)","Upshur County Citizens asks that Alexander H. H. Stuart come and speak to them on the issues of the day and express their support for William Leftwich Goggin (1807-1870) for Governor of Virginia (1859 Apr 6)","Thomas Walter, Architect for the Extension of the U.S. Capitol, furnishes a report on the cost of the work during the residue of fiscal year (1851 Nov 6)","Washington College Literary Society requests Alexander H. H. Stuart to give a speech before the Society on July 2nd (1857 Apr 28)","John Watt asks if Alexander H. H. Stuart will send him a copy of the appendix published in connection with his report on John Brown 's raid on Harpers Ferry, containing extracts from the personal liberty bills passed by several of the Northern states\n        (1861 Dec 3)","Daniel Webster regrets that the information obtained in the Census Records is not particularly useful in answering Alexander H. H. Stuart 's questions about blind persons in the state of Virginia for the Virginia Institute for the Education of the\n        Blind but suggests that an agent of the Institute might be given access to the records to compile the necessary information (1842 Aug 2); introduces Fitzhenry Warren of the General Post Office (1850 Oct 2); and regrets that the President has decided he\n        cannot appoint Virginians to offices other than local offices (1851 Feb 8)","William J. Willey warns that \"Since the action of the Convention, handing the state of Virginia over to the Confederate states, without the knowledge or consent of the people, like a lot of horses or slaves, the excitement in N.W. Virginia, is\n        becoming most intense, and indeed, in some quarters, terrible...The clamor here for a division of the state is becoming loud and universal -I fear it will become uncontrollable\" (1861 May 7)","Robert Winthrop encloses a seal, with a mistaken superscription to \"Cha\" Winthrop by Dr. Stuart, belonging to his great-grandfather, John Winthrop, who was a Fellow of the Royal Society, discusses family genealogy and the motto on the seal and asks\n        him to take care of the seal while it is in his possession (1851 Apr 21); encloses a letter from Judge Thomas C. Manning (present) concerning the Mississippi Bonds question, and mentions Slater's Fund for educating the Freedmen (1882 Apr 28); regrets\n        not seeing Alexander H. H. Stuart at the meeting of the Peabody Education Fund of which both he and Alexander H. H. Stuart were Trustees, describes the meeting and discusses politics (1884 Oct 8); discusses the death of Jefferson Davis and his opinion\n        of the man (1889 Dec 16)","Henry Wise (1806-1876) offended at personal references in The Valley Virginian which gave a report on Alexander H. H. Stuart 's speech to the\n        Citizens of Augusta County, at Staunton, \"On the New Movement\" which claimed Governor Wise had opposed the work of Alexander H. H. Stuart and had worked closely with carpet-baggers, Wise asks Alexander H. H. Stuart if he had approved the report and was\n        it correct (1869 Feb 3); a copy of Alexander H. H. Stuart 's reply to Wise, in his speech he referred to, \"parties holding the most antagonistic opinions, and having the most diverse objects in view -one party desiring the adoption of the Underwood\n        Constitution, while the other was unalterably opposed to it -This while Governor Wells \u0026 his committee were assailing our proposition in Washington, Governor Wise \u0026 others, were attacking it at home -Thus extremes seem to meet, \u0026 the\n        singular spectacle was presented of Gov. Wells \u0026 Gov. Wise, who probably held no other opinion in common, pulling together as it were in the same team, in opposition to the scheme\" (1869 Feb 5); Wise reiterates his opposition to the \"New Movement\"\n        and opposes both Governor Wells and \"Negro Suffrage\" (1869 Feb 8)","R.N. Wood discusses members of the American Party recently elected to Congress and fears that unless they can unify the old Whigs with the \"American Organization\" Millard Fillmore will not be re-elected (1856 Apr 13)","*Unless otherwise noted the recipient of the letter is Alexander H.H. Stuart*","Positive copies of microfilms produced by The Library of Virginia","See the  University of Virginia Library’s use policy.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Papers of Alexander H. H. Stuart and the related Stuart and Baldwin families 1754-1921"],"collection_ssim":["Papers of Alexander H. H. Stuart and the related Stuart and Baldwin families 1754-1921"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["228-a"],"unitid_tesim":["228-a"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift 1994 March 3"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["ca. 800 items"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions. \u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFor biographical information concerning Archibald Stuart and Alexander H.H. Stuart, please consult \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eDictionary of American Biography,\u003c/title\u003e Volume\n        XVIII, pages 160-162.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["For biographical information concerning Archibald Stuart and Alexander H.H. Stuart, please consult Dictionary of American Biography, Volume\n        XVIII, pages 160-162."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers of Alexander H. H. Stuart and the related Stuart and Baldwin families, Accession #228-a, Special Collections, University of Virginia Library, Charlottevsille, Va.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["Papers of Alexander H. H. Stuart and the related Stuart and Baldwin families, Accession #228-a, Special Collections, University of Virginia Library, Charlottevsille, Va."],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of the additional papers of the Stuart and Baldwin families, chiefly Archibald Stuart (1757-1832) and Alexander H.H. Stuart (1807-1891), of Staunton, Virginia, ca. 1754-1921, ca. 800 items (4 Hollinger boxes, 1.5 linear feet),\n        including correspondence; financial and legal papers; printed items; microfilm; an architectural drawing; Civil War military papers of Captain George M. Cochran, Jr.; nineteenth century newsclippings; drafts of speeches by Alexander H.H. Stuart; land\n        grants signed by Virginia governors, including Beverley Randolph, Robert Brooke, John Floyd, and James Monroe; two engravings of Alexander H.H. Stuart; and papers regarding the settlement of the estate of Archibald Stuart . Since Alexander H.H. Stuart\n        was a prominent member of the Virginia Whig Party, there is considerable material in this collection concerning the Whig Party and Virginia politics.","CORRESPONDENCE OF THE STUART-BALDWIN FAMILY -SUMMARIES (BOX 1)","Martha S. Baldwin forwards a letter to her husband General Briscoe Gerard Baldwin (d. 1852) from their daughter Mary Baldwin regarding her health (n.d.)","James Barbour (1775-1842), Secretary of War, mentions an interview with [Henry] Clay concerning the participation of members of the administration in the political convention [of the National Republican Party ] and discusses his knowledge of the true\n        charges leveled against Andrew Jackson while in control of Louisiana during the War of 1812, Jackson's conflict with Louisiana Governor William Charles Claiborne and the Governor of Georgia, his refusal to obey the orders of President Monroe, his\n        denunciation of Madison, and his behavior as acting Governor of Florida (1827 Dec 16); Barbour also mentions his involvement in \"a controversy of mixed vexation,\" his retirement, \" and says, \" [John C.] Calhoun 's pamphlet is the final act in the drama\n        -and I apprehend the breach will become wider and wider\" (1831 Feb 19)","G.A. Baxter, member of the Board of Visitors of Washington Academy, informs Archibald Stuart of his election to the Board, and explains why his resignation was errantly reported in their minutes (1807 Sep 29)","Robert Beverley discusses a possible land sale (1791 May 5); asks Archibald Stuart to attend to his properties near Staunton and make sure all back taxes are paid (1791 Nov 24); discusses land business and court matters (1791-1797); makes reference\n        to the slave revolt in the French colony of Haiti in the West Indies and the declaration of independence by Toussaint L'Ouverture (1743-1803), criticizing George Washington for his early acknowledgement of the French Republic, believing he acted\n        unconstitutionally, and expresses great confidence in the talents, integrity, and firmness of Mr. [John] Adams (1798 Dec 17)","John Breckinridge writes business letters (1788 \u0026 1790), his son, J.C. Breckinridge, asks for information from Archibald Stuart for a biographical essay about his father (1815 Apr 30)","Gerald Briscoe, [Jr.?] writes about a land dispute in \"Caintucke\" (all three letters, 1794-1796, n.d.)","Cuthbert Bullitt to Archibald Stuart and General John Brown discusses a suit involving Colonel Clendenning for lack of payment on a bond (1790 Jan 2); and the death of his brother, Thomas Bullitt, asking for a petition in the Legislature of Virginia\n        for their financial relief (1823 Dec 16)","Joseph C. Cabell refers to a pamphlet containing Mr. Madison's letter and an appendix establishing the point that the Tariff Policy is the true Republican doctrine; Cabell paid T.W. White, Richmond printer, for 3,000 copies and will have more printed\n        if necessary; claims that the opposition party is exerting every effort to destroy Madison's influence in the state (1829 Feb 24)","Arthur Campbell requests an investigation into the circumstances surrounding the sickness and death of the boy Charles H. Campbell; speaks of the opposition to the federal constitution and the value of the controversy over the amendments to point out\n        the real motives of those trying to keep Virginia and North Carolina from approving the Constitution (1789 Sep 2); discusses difficulties in obtaining land warrants due to the boundary dispute with Kentucky and refers to the petition to revise the\n        Virginia State Constitution opposed by the friends of [Patrick ?] Henry (1795 Sep 30); refers to Thomas Jefferson and the success of the \"friends of monarchy\" who won the late election for President, and the French Revolution (1797 Feb 20); and\n        mentions his desire that the land law in the Act of 1795 would be repealed or amended (1798 Dec 22)","John Coalter discusses a debt against Mrs. Reid, and declares \"I have no hopes of the republic since New Jersey has proved recreant\" (1812 Nov 6)","George Davis discusses legal and business matters (1792 Aug 17)","R. Gamble discusses legal and business matters (1791-1800)","Hugh Holmes writes concerning the competition between Winchester and Staunton to be the branch of the Virginia Bank which he believes must be kept exclusively under a Republican direction; asks for Archibald Stuart to secure a loan for five hundred\n        dollars; discusses the rumor that merchants believe that the Eastern and Northern Tories have devised a stratagem to defeat the loan requested by the government to conduct the War of 1812 with Great Britain (1814 Mar 9); speaks of his pain from\n        numerous operations; the raids of the Tunisian corsairs upon British ships in the English Channel (1817 Jul 12); and the death of Mary, the daughter of Archibald's brother Alexander (1823 May 6)","[Chapman ?] Johnson (1779-1849) sends a copy of a decree from the court of appeals in the case of [Doneghe ?] and Campbell to Archibald Stuart; sent a copy of Archibald Stuart 's letter about the seat of government to the Editor of The Enquirer for publication; refers to the failure of their efforts to establish the University of Virginia and his belief that nothing will be done\n        for it this winter; the non-effect of political essays upon the public mind, and mention of \"the great James River project\" (1822 Mar 2)","John Lewis to Dabney Carr notes \"my seeing Mr. Jefferson\" is very uncertain, and writes about the Mayo v Lewis lawsuit (1768 Jan 23)","John Lewis to Thomas Jefferson writes regarding his lawsuit Mayo v Lewis, docketed in Thomas Jefferson 's hand (1772 Oct 4)","J. Marshall speaks of the fickleness of political parties in reference to \"Zach.\" and refers to a business matter (n.d.)","George Mathews (1739-1812) writes of his safe arrival in Georgia where he was asked to sit for election to political office (1791 Oct 10); and details concerning his dispute over a land sale in Virginia and his motive in accepting the office of\n        [Governor of Georgia?] (1794 Apr 4)","James D. McCutchen to Joseph Janney writes concerning his inability to make his payment for land due to the drought, high feed costs and poor crops and his proposal to work out an alternative method of payment (1839 Mar 25)","Andrew Moore (1752-1821), elected to the first four Congresses, March 4, 1789-March 3, 1797, writes from New York and Philadelphia, sends copies of all laws passed, wages established at six dollars per day, set the budget for the staff of the\n        President and Vice-President, discusses office seekers, mentions that the amendments to the constitution are being conducted with a great deal of warmth, believes the amendments \"will quiet the public mind and remove in a great measure the opposition\n        to government\" (1789 Aug 12); asks for help in securing compensation for a slave who escaped into Pennsylvania and proved that he was a free black unjustly sold to Moore who was unaware of his status by a previous owner (1791 Nov 5); the preoccupation\n        of Congress with a bill fixing the rates of representation in Congress and the disputed election between General Anthony Wayne (1745-1796) and General James Jackson (1757-1806) before Congress (1792 Mar 15); his disappointment in the bill fixing the\n        ratio of representation and the decision made in the House concerning the contested election which declared the seat vacant (1792 Mar 26); discusses the resignation of Thomas Jefferson as Secretary of State who appeared determined never to enter public\n        life again, with the former Attorney General Edmund Randolph succeeding Jefferson as Secretary of State; mentions the great loss suffered by the country by Jefferson's resignation at this critical time and praises Jefferson highly; encloses a number of\n        resolutions introduced by Mr. Madison, the conflict over the payment of interest on the debt of the United States; cites Jefferson's opinion on the same subject; forwards copies of the correspondence between Thomas Jefferson and Citizen Edmond Charles\n        Genet and Jefferson's report on United States trade with Europe (1793 Jan 4); the attempt by Washington and Congress to have Citizen Genet recalled to France due to his insolent and insulting conduct (1793 Dec 8); the situation of the United States\n        becoming more and more critical due to the increase of British spoliation on American shipping, detaining our vessels, and alleging that an old law precluded the United States from Britain's West Indian ports; the purchase of flour and beef and the\n        chartering of United States vessels to transport it because the United States was bound by treaty to guarantee the French West Indies; Madison's resolutions; the empowerment of the President to impose an embargo on all shipping coming into American\n        ports; the arming of small vessels to use against the Algerians; a bill providing for the defence of our ports and harbors; the establishment of arsenals, and a resolution for the enlistment of 15,000 troops, with training during 24 days a year, and\n        the need for a direct tax to fund national defence (1794 Mar 14)","Garrett Peterson asks [Charles Anderson] Wickliffe for help in locating Archibald Stuart and buying a piece of land belonging to Archibald Stuart to make his title to his plantation more secure (1826 Jan 24, see Wickliffe's letter, 1826 Feb 26)","William Preston to William Anderson seeking advice in a land claim controversy (1783 Jan 1)","[Andrew Reid, Jr.] to Thomas J. Stuart writes a social letter to a friend (1807 Sep 5)","Alexander Farish Robertson Correspondence, chiefly with Philip Alexander Bruce concerning his history of the University of Virginia and especially the Honor System (1921)","John Steele writes that the Governor [Henry Lee] has written Mr. White asking him to help Archibald Stuart investigate the High Sheriff for embezzlement (1792 Mar 5)","Robert Sterritt notifies Joseph Janney that he has secured a purchaser for Archibald Stuart 's plantation in Rockbridge County, James D. McCutchen, (1837 Jul 14, see also McCutchen 1839 Mar 25)","Eleanor Briscoe Stuart to Thomas J. Stuart concerning his studies and vacation while at Washington Academy (1806 Jan 24 \u0026 Mar 2) and to her mother, Mrs. Margaret Briscoe (1808 Feb 19)","Martha M. Stuart writes to her mother-in-law, Mrs. Eleanor (Briscoe) Stuart concerning family news (n.y. Apr 8)","[Charles Anderson] Wickliffe (1788-1869) forwards a letter from Garrett Peterson to Archibald Stuart concerning a land sale (1826 Feb 26)","William Wirt (1772-1834) asks Archibald Stuart to send his anecdote about Patrick Henry for his biography and to furnish the details just as it was originally told (1816 Aug 10)","MISCELLANEOUS PAPERS OF THE STUART FAMILY (BOXES 1-2)","This series contains an architectural drawing; an engraving of Alexander H.H. Stuart by Danforth, Baldwin \u0026 Company; financial and legal papers, including notification of Archibald Stuart 's appointment as a Presidential elector (1792 Nov 12);\n        insurance policies for Archibald Stuart 's barn, grist mill, saw mill, dwelling and kitchen (1811, 1812); Archibald Stuart 's appointment as a commissioner to collect money for a monument to George Washington (1817 Apr 4); stock certificates; accounts\n        and receipts; indentures; land plats; legal cases of both Archibald Stuart and Alexander H.H. Stuart; copies of wills of Alexander Stuart, Robert Stuart, Chapman J. Stuart, and Alexander H.H. Stuart; the military papers of Captain George M. Cochran,\n        Jr., Quartermaster, 52nd Virginian Infantry, Pegram's Brigade, Early's Division; the settlement of Archibald Stuart 's estate, and drafts of several speeches by Alexander H.H. Stuart, one protesting the increase in salary of the superintendent of the\n        Western Asylum because it would be disproportionate to all other salaries allowed by the state of Virginia, another declining the office of President of the branch of the Bank of the Valley and resigning his post as a member of the board, and a third\n        delivered at the fiftieth alumni reunion at the University of Virginia .","CORRESPONDENCE OF ALEXANDER H.H. STUART -SUMMARIES (BOXES 2-4)","Abolitionist (Unidentified) writes a vitriolic letter denouncing slavery and slaveholders and promising his willing participation in the coming revolution to bring about complete democracy (1841 Jun 20)","William H. Allen writes to Alexander H. H. Stuart while he was member of the House of Representatives (1841-1843) seeking his help in establishing a post office at Green Valley, Virginia; the closest one is at Cloverdale (n.y. May 13)","Appomattox County, Virginia, Rough \u0026 Ready Club requests Alexander H. H. Stuart to represent the Whig position on the upcoming Presidential election at their next political discussion (1848 Sep 7)","Henry Carey Baird requests a copy of Alexander H. H. Stuart 's recent address to use in his pamphlet concerning the farmers of the United States (1859 Nov 1)","C[ornelius ?] C. Baldwin discusses his biographical sketch of his brother [Gerard ?] Baldwin which he hopes will appear in The Richmond Whig\n        and asks Alexander H. H. Stuart for any comments or additions; he mentions his son, Briscoe G. Baldwin III, a year old and his oldest son, Charles Cornelius (1867 Jan 14)","John B. Baldwin writes concerning business opportunities in Philadelphia ([1843? Jan 30]); Alexander H. H. Stuart 's appointment as Secretary of the Interior and the care of his former legal clients while he is in Washington, D.C. (1850 Sep 24); his\n        disappointment that Millard Fillmore was defeated for the presidential nomination as the Whig candidate; and as Winfield Scott supports the Whig platform without reserve his only objections to Scott as the Whig candidate lies in his great vanity and\n        his associations (1852 Jun 23); Brigadier General Robert Seldon Garnett (1819-1861), who served under General Taylor in the Mexican War, was proceeding to the region with 2500 men according to Alexander H. H. Stuart 's suggestions; and Baldwin believes\n        that the Convention will hardly be well attended (1861 Jun 8); reports that he is within musket range of the enemy who is building winter quarters and mentions the presence of Early's army coming towards [Richmond ?] (1864 Nov 18); writes about his\n        concern over the asylum releasing Briscoe as \"incurable but harmless\" (1869 Dec 5); and writes to Alexander H. H. Stuart concerning the sale of the \"gum tree lot,\" payment of taxes and an accident of Mayo Cabell; and believes his father may soon be\n        elected Judge ([ca. 1841-1843] Dec 6)","Joseph G. Baldwin writes his cousin concerning his plan to move to California for the opportunities there (1849 Mar 2); a long jesting letter congratulating Alexander H. H. Stuart on his appointment to be Secretary of the Interior and including\n        family news (1850 Sep 27); and describes San Francisco where he has just opened his law practice (1854 Sep 15)","I.L. Barbour, President of the Orange and Alexandria Rail Road Company, writes that he is unable to comply with his financial request (1866 Dec 11)","A.W. Barton urges Alexander H. H. Stuart to help defeat the [ Virginia Reform ?] Convention, \"The tremendous opposition to the mixed basis beyond the Alleghany -the indifference upon the whole subject in the valley counties and some division east of\n        the Blue Ridge will enable us to do it\" (1850 Apr 22)","S.S. Baxter recommends William D. Delany as Inspector of the Custom House in Norfolk (1851 Nov 24)","Thomas Hart Benton (1782-1838) writes concerning the Brazeau claimants attempts to get Alexander H. H. Stuart to re-open the case he decided last summer and asks him to leave questions about the decision up to the judiciary ([ca. 1851-1853])","Berford \u0026 Company, California Express Office, reports a great dissatisfaction of their customers and fellow California Whigs with the appointment of Mr. Beall as Superintendent of Indian Affairs (1852 Apr 12)","Dr. Edmund Berkeley voices his concern over the increase in smallpox cases and attributes the cause to the lack of a vaccine agent in western and central Virginia and suggests Staunton as a likely location for such an agent and offering himself as a\n        candidate (1837 Jan 20)","James B. Bingham, editor of The Intelligencer, discusses politics in Wheeling, [West] Virginia, and his concern that both the Democrats and\n        Republicans are pulling votes away from the Whig Party (1859 Sep 28)","David Alexander Bokee (1805-1860) discusses national politics and urges Alexander H. H. Stuart and other conservatives not to make any arrangements with the Republicans preliminary to the organization of the House; refers to the New York Times article quoting a correspondent from Ohio who believes \"the South is beginning to prepare the way for union with the Republicans as\n        such in 1860\"; and asks Alexander H. H. Stuart to support the efforts of conservatives of the North \"to induce the Republican Party to abandon `its distinct organization' founded as it is `on foolish abstractions\" (1859 Oct 24)","Patrick Brady 's letters, from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, all discuss various aspects of his suit against Daniel Brady, including his stolen ledger which later appears to have been altered, his demand for the deed to the Bath Iron Works, and\n        questions about ultimate settlement (1857, 1867-1869)","Mary Louisa Brooks writes whimsically about how much she misses Washington, D.C., and how unattractive she finds New York City \"this huge temple of Mammon\" (n.y. Mar 18)","Alexander S. Brown writes his cousin Alexander H. H. Stuart concerning business and family matters (1857-1858)","Joseph Rodes Buchanan asks Alexander H. H. Stuart to attend the National Democratic Convention to be held on May 7, 1867, in Louisville, Kentucky, discussed in an enclosed editorial from The Louisville Journal which was recently identified with the\n        Democratic Party; the Convention to be composed of the leading men of the Northern Democracy and leading men of the South to secure cooperation between the two groups, \"which is now our only hope\" (1867 Feb 28)","John C. Bullitt, Patrick Brady 's council in Philadelphia, asks when the first remittance of the Brady v. Brady settlement will arrive (1871 Oct 28)","William M. Burwell draws Alexander H. H. Stuart 's attention to the political aspects of the negotiations over the Isthmus of Tehuantepec as a quicker route to the western states (1852 Jul 23)","J.S. Calvert furnishes a financial summary for Alexander H. H. Stuart (1868 Jan 21)","Samuel D. Campbell asks for help in getting payment for his brother William Campbell who worked to get depositions for Catherine Crider in Wardlaw v. Crider (1830 Nov 30)","Lewis Cass (1782-1866) discusses two appointments with Alexander H. H. Stuart acceptable to the Whig Party (1852 Jul 20)","John H. Cassin asks Alexander H. H. Stuart to visit their county and address them concerning the political questions of the day (1859 Apr 13)","Katherine Chase discusses the circumstances surrounding her divorce from Mr. William Sprague (1883 Mar 18)","H. Chrisman offers to purchase real estate or other goods for Alexander H. H. Stuart on his trips west if he wishes (Dec 7, 1855)","Bolivar Christian sends a copy of the Confederate Acts and discusses the problems of setting up the new Confederate Congress (1862 Jan 18)","C.M. Conrad writes concerning Alexander H. H. Stuart 's order for a cask of table claret wine from New Orleans (1855 Apr 3)","William Wilson Corcoran says he will be happy to have a copy of the proceedings of the Peabody Board and hopes to see him soon (1855 Oct 23)","Thomas Corwin (1794-1865) a letter of introduction for [Calhoun Benham], U.S. Attorney for California (1853 Jul 10)","J.A. Cowardin, Editor of The Daily Dispatch, letter of introduction from L.A. Trigg, and a discussion of the Readjuster controversy, and\n        William Mahone, and says \"I do not think Mr. Hunter will suit these times. We want an aggressive man, one who is bold and sagacious too. I think General [James Lawson] Kemper is that man\" (1873 Feb 14)","John Jordan Crittenden (1786-1863) writes a letter of introduction for his friend Samuel Casey (1851 Sep 26)","Claudius Crozet writes concerning the Northwest Turnpike and asks if Alexander H. H. Stuart feels that Mr. Eskridge is capable of opening the road himself (1838 Jun 1)","Rector E.A. Dalrymple 's recommendation of Thomas B. Edelin (1852 Jul 15)","John W. Daniel (1842-1910) does not approve of the Readjuster policies, \"I am firm against repudatum alias enforced readjustment alias stealing. I believe in the Decalogue, and of course in repressing thieves, by whatsoever name they are called\"\n        (1877 Jul 18)","J.D. Davidson sends the election results for Rockbridge County (1851 Dec 10) and encloses a check for a claim against Seaforth (1852 Jan 2)","Garrett Davis (1801-1872) discusses a power shift in the House of Representatives away from [John C.] Calhoun toward [Thomas Hart?] Benton who \"will be the dictator this winter \u0026 will wield more power than all others together\"; mentions the\n        numerous job seekers wandering the halls of Congress like unclean birds; discusses the hopes of the Whig Party to gain the Presidency next election and mentions possible opponents and weighs their respective threat to the chances of the Whig candidate;\n        and the need for much organization and work to succeed in the next election (1843 Dec 13); a long and detailed description of the difficulty during the extra session of the 27th Congress in organizing the House caused by the opposition of the Democrats\n        and the division in the Whig Party (1845 Dec 16); the third letter discusses business questions; congratulates Alexander H. H. Stuart on his appointment to be Secretary of the Interior; expresses his appreciation for Millard Fillmore; and comments\n        about South Carolina, \" South Carolina is a little beside herself, but I believe it is the insanity of ambition pride \u0026 arrogance thwarted, and that a good sound drubbing would be an infallible cure.\" (1851 Jan 28)","George M. Davis thanks Alexander H. H. Stuart for giving his son Carey Davis a job as a clerk in the Pension Office (1851 Jul 27)","William Wallace Davis, editor of The District Whig discusses politics in Norfolk and the loss of the election to the Democrats despite his own\n        efforts to visit various Whigs and get them to the polls on Election Day (1851 Oct 2)","William Crosby Dawson (1798-1856), Georgia Senator, asks Alexander H. H. Stuart not to fill a vacancy in the General Land Office until he could speak with him (1852 Jul 28)","Horace H. Day discusses the charges brought against the Commissioner of Patents, Mr. Thomas Ewbanks (1792-1870) saying his official conduct has been one-sided, partial, and not in accordance with the rules and laws of the Patent Office (1851 Feb 7)\n        and asking if the New York papers have correctly reported Alexander H. H. Stuart 's comments about the charges (1851 Mar 12)","Wills De Hass (1818?-1910) sends a copy of his History of Western Virginia (1851 Jul 24); wants Alexander H. H. Stuart to be a candidate for\n        Vice-President (1851 Oct 6); voices concerns over his application for a consulship or another office (1852 Jun 1 \u0026 Oct 18); two letters furnish private details of the Baltimore Convention (1852 Jun 20); and hopes for a position in the Maryland\n        Historical Society (1853 Feb 16)","William D. Delany tries to enlist Stuart's aid in securing the office of Inspector of the Custom House at Norfolk (1851 Nov 25) or the Postmaster office at Norfolk (1852 Sep 29)","Charles Devens, Jr., U.S. Marshal, Boston, letter introducing General John S. Tyler (1852 May 24)","Samuel Dickson writes concerning the Patrick Brady v Daniel C.E. Brady suit for $ 50,000 growing out of the dissolving of a partnership in 1857; and describes the Bath Iron Works and Buffalo Forge property (1867 Apr 24)","D[orothea] L[ynde] Dix (1802-1887) writes six letters to Alexander H. H. Stuart concerning the establishment of a first class hospital in Washington, D.C. and seeks the aid of Captain Randolph in the Legislature of [Virginia ?] ([ca. 1851-1853])","James B. Dorman writes that the Whigs of Rockbridge unanimously desire the nomination of Millard Fillmore as President; believes the hostility to Fillmore stems from his approval of the Compromise of 1850 and his \"fidelity to the Constitutional\n        rights of the South\"; and many Whigs object strongly to General Winfield Scott 's Roman Catholic affinities (1852 Jun 7)","John Doyle writes that he has recommended Alexander H. H. Stuart to the prominent Whigs in Pennsylvania as the best choice for nomination to the Vice-Presidency while he favors Fillmore for the Presidency over Scott (1851 Sep 20); his concern over\n        the imminent split in the Whig Party of Lexington, Virginia (1852 Dec 4); his son, R.L. Doyle, writes concerning their Alum Springs property containing iron deposits and several mineral springs and asks the aid of Alexander H. H. Stuart in securing a\n        loan to convert their property into a viable health resort (1853 Jan 7)","G.G. Dyer defends his change of political parties from Whig to Democratic based on his open support of the Tariff and the United States Bank and extols the virtue of the new state of Iowa which he describes as a land of beauty and opportunity (1851\n        Sep 27)","J.L. Edwards, Pension Office, discusses the claims of the descendants of Colonel Alexander McClanahan to land based on his Revolutionary War service, with the Committee of Safety for the Colony of Virginia form appointing Alexander McClanahan to Lt.\n        Col. of the 7th Regiment of Regular Forces attached (1776 Feb 29 \u0026 1843 May 19)","Vespasian Ellis discusses the plan of organization adopted at the National Council where a Committee of 13 was appointed to take the general charge of the interests of the American Party which was presented to the Council by himself; the plan was\n        adopted unanimously but the Chairman E. Brooks received the credit for the plan; he suggested that Alexander H. H. Stuart would be a good person from Virginia to be on the Central Committee of 13; mentions the efforts of Baldwin of Connecticut and\n        others to \"free soilize\" the party platform and the fact that he opposed and defeated the plan was suppressed in the report on the proceedings in the Louisville Journal (1857 Jun 10)","Erie Railroad Company Board of Directors offers to Alexander H. H. Stuart free use of the railroad as member of the Cabinet (1851 Jul 12)","Edward Everett (1794-1865), Secretary of State, regrets he will not be able to dine with Alexander H. H. Stuart due to personal illness (1852 Dec 20); and informs Alexander H. H. Stuart that General Franklin Pierce wishes for him to continue to act\n        as Secretary of the Interior until his successor is appointed (1853 Feb 26)","Charles James Faulkner (1806-1884) thanks him for his interest in James E. Stewart (1852 Aug 25)","Millard Fillmore letters to Alexander H. H. Stuart -address the question of his feelings toward the South, \"I disclaim most unequivocally now and forever any desire on my part to interfere with the rights on what is termed the property of citizens of\n        other states\" and encloses a copy of the leading [Lewis] Cass paper in the state showing that Fillmore was denounced at the recent anti-slavery convention at Worcester along with Cass and Taylor (1848 Jul 5); excuses Alexander H. H. Stuart from the\n        Cabinet meeting due to the death of Judge Baldwin (1852 May 19); authorizes Alexander H. H. Stuart to take on the duties of the Secretary of the Navy until his return (1852 Sep 25); thanks him for his letter of condolence upon the death of his wife,\n        Abigail Powers on March 30, 1853 (1853 Jul 11); attempts to make arrangements for a Southern tour in the spring, and says, \"This Nebraska matter presents a new phase to things in Washington . But is it wise for the South to set the example repealing\n        the Compromise of 1820 ? If one compromise be disregarded will not another be, and will not the South in the end be left to the tender mercy of Northern fanaticism with an overwhelming numerical majority ?\" (1854 Feb 9); observes that with the latest\n        election it appears that the Whig Party has split into two factions, with the abolitionists joining the [Republicans ?] and the rest joining the American Party of Know Nothings and refers to the nomination of Henry Alexander Wise for Governor and his\n        denunciation of the Know Nothings (1854 Dec 14); and informs Alexander H. H. Stuart that Granger will try to meet him in Washington this winter and mentions the efforts of his friends to unite the national elements opposed to the present federal\n        administration into an American Union Party (1854 Dec 22)","Millard Fillmore to Daniel Webster sends John P. Scott over to see Webster concerning a position in the State Department in Londonderry, Ireland, now held by an appointee of President Tyler and says he will go along with whatever Webster wants (1851\n        Apr 2)","Edward H. Fitzhugh refers to the Bridge case in the Wheeling court (1850 Mar 25) *see newsclippings in Box 2*","E[dmund] Fontaine, Virginia Central Railroad Company, concerning his barley which has been at Waynesboro for some time prior to his letter (1859 Mar 25)","John S. Gallagher discusses the bestowal of advertising patronage by the federal government (1851 Jul 19); the suitability of Shannondale for a military asylum (1851 Aug 4); encloses a letter from William P. Buford, soliciting Alexander H. H. Stuart\n        's influence to get Mr. Buford's son appointed to a cadetship at West Point (1851 Nov 13); his examination of the controversy about the post office in Winchester and his advice not to remove Milton (1852 Jan 9); encloses letters (not present) from\n        friends desiring positions with the government (1852 Jan 16); introduces Colonel Joseph K. Hartwell (1852 Mar 10); recommends General [James] Singleton for the government position in New Mexico (1852 May 7); and asks for a copy of a letter from the\n        Commissioner of Patents to Dr. James Blake of California (1852 Jul 2).","Robert H. Gallagher, Bank of the Union, Washington asks that part of the Census Fund and the Pension Fund be deposited with him (1851 Dec 9; 1852 Sep 2)","Alexander Galt concerning his position as Postmaster at Norfolk (1851 Jul 31)","J. Garland 's letter of introduction for his relative, Alexander B. Garland (1853 Feb 2)","William H. Garland requests the position of treasurer of the mint at New Orleans (1850 Oct 29) and writes concerning the outrage committed by the authorities of Cuba on the Crescent City [New Orleans ?] (1852 Oct 7)","William Garnett, Collector Custom House, Norfolk, Virginia, concerning the effort being made to remove him from the Custom House (1851 Nov 18 \u0026 1852 Aug 11)","George Washington's Birthday Celebration Committee, Rome, Georgia, requesting Alexander H. H. Stuart 's presence at their celebration and commenting, \"The Southern people are terribly oppressed, but are disposed to preserve their manhood untarnished\n        preferring to submit for a while to military despotism rather than to the ruin and degradation of radical rule and negro supremacy\" (1868 Feb 11)","R.T. Gibson 's letters are all concerning his futile attempts to secure the position of naval officer at the port of Savannah (1851-1852)","W.M. Gilliam sends Alexander H. H. Stuart 's horse to Washington by Mr. Brent (1852 Mar 15)","T.H. Gilmer seeks more appointments for people from Virginia from the Whig administration (1850 Sep 27)","Thomas W. Gilmer writes that he is sorry that Alexander H. H. Stuart has been involved in controversy, mentions \"old [James Iver ?] McKay \" as chairman of the Ways \u0026 Means Committee, and believes that Texas will come into the Union as fast as it\n        can (1843 Dec 13)","W.W. Gilmer approves Alexander H. H. Stuart 's stand on the National Bank but is not so fond of the election of [Walter ?] Coles (1841 Apr 15)","William L. Goggin (1807-1870) his disappointment over his brother's failure to secure a position, the possibility of getting the postmastership at Sacramento City, and his declaration, \"I am a Union man and I have long thought this should be the\n        great issue (irrespective of old party associations) the Union or its Dissolution -God grant it may be perpetual -I repudiate utter fanaticism North or South\" (1850 Nov 3); and asks Alexander H. H. Stuart to remove his letter from the files of the War\n        Department requesting an appointment as Visitor to West Point (1852 Mar 10)","G. Goldenberg sends two printed pamphlets (present) entitled Observations Sur La Maladie Des Pommes De Terre in French and a copy in German,\n        presenting his treatise on the Potato Disease (1849 Feb 2)","J.T. Gordon explains being detained in the lieu d'aisance while reading Senator [William McKendree] Gwin 's attack on the Administration (1852 Jul 9)","Willis Arnold Gorman (1816-1876) agrees to a resolution to supply the heads of Departments with copies of the [Presidential Message ?] and accompanying documents (1852 Dec 14)","J. Thompson Graham solicits money for the American Emigrant's Friend Society whose object is to \"afford protection from fraud, imposition \u0026 extortion to all foreign immigrants of whatever class, nation or creed, and procure for them situations\n        free of charge.\" (1852 Oct 24)","William A. Graham (1804-1875), Secretary of the Navy, concerning the applications of various persons for assistance or for government positions such as the Virginian Mr. Chapman for purser in the Navy, a term of shore duty for Purser Forrest of the\n        U.S.S. Ohio, David Taylor of North Carolina prosecuting a claim in the Indian Bureau, the application of William E. Hopkins for a commission upon the frigate Cumberland, the appointment of Tobias Wolfe as Naval Storekeeper at Memphis, the application\n        of Commander John Rudd for a command in the Mediterranean Squadron, and inquires about the circumstances surrounding the death of James H. Norwood, Indian Agent, who was killed at Sergeants Bluff on the Missouri River (1850-1852)","Horace Greeley (1811-1872) discusses the advantages of his new Whig Almanac which he sends to Alexander H. H. Stuart, \"I have endeavored in\n        this Almanac to condense into a single view the essential characteristics of the two great antagonist parties which now so evenly divide the country. I think this view, if generally circulated, will exert a salutary influence on the formation of\n        political sentiment in our country and that this may be felt, even in the approaching Presidential contest.\" (1852 Jan 25)","F. Gremger asks Alexander H. H. Stuart to visit the State Agricultural Fair of New York (1851 Sep 3)","William Grever asks Stuart to loan him enough money to pay off James J. Trotter in return for a deed of trust upon all his property (1850 Oct 3)","Benjamin Edwards Grey supplies a testimonial for John B. Temple and explains why he is willing to recommend Colonel Irwin to a clerkship (1852 Mar 17)","George G. Grove asking for his distributive share of the funds of the B. Buler estate (1851 Oct 12)","Francis Grund asks for copies of Alexander H. H. Stuart 's Report for The New York Herald and other newspapers (1851)","Hiland Hall (1795-1885) suggests that Judge Thornton's name should precede Mr. W[?]'s in the Secretary's instructions (1851 Sep 20)","Nathan Kelsey Hall (1810-1874) invites Alexander H. H. Stuart to Buffalo for a little reception for President Fillmore at the conclusion of his term and asks him to convince William A. Graham to attend as well (1853 Jan 5); and writes about Fillmore\n        wondering if the remaining Fillmore Cabinet members would attend a reunion at Buffalo (1871 Jan 5)","J.K. Hanson encloses a letter from Hugh W. Sheffey referring to the bounty land warrant of his cousin Celly (1852 Apr 3)","J. Hardesty, President of the Rough and Ready Club of Rockingham County, which procured a silver pitcher to be presented to Alexander H. H. Stuart as a tribute (1848 Oct 25)","Kenton Harper writes enclosing the wills of Alex Grove and Lewis K Terrill and their effects from Camp Buena Vista following the Mexican War (1847 Dec 13); congratulates Alexander H. H. Stuart on his appointment as Secretary of the Interior (1850 Sep\n        14); mentions his service as commandant of the Port of Parras in the Mexican War (1850 Sep 30); discusses his appointment to the Chickasaw Indian Agency (1851 Mar 18); his report concerning affairs at the Chickasaw Agency and his concern that there are\n        many white persons living in the Agency without regular permission (1851 Sep 15); concern over the run-down condition of the Agency farm and house, cost of hiring \"a negro woman who belongs to an Indian,\" and the probability that he will only stay for\n        one year (1851 Sep 15); encloses a copy of his letter to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, L. Lea, about purchasing farming implements for \"the Caddos\" and asks Alexander H. H. Stuart 's influence to have his son, George K. Harper, appointed agent\n        for the purchase (1851 Sep 22); the complaints from the Chickasaws about the wild tribes trespassing upon their territory, a recent visit from the chief of the Caddos, George Washington, who said that his tribe had been driven out of Texas, and brought\n        up to this country by his father, Chief Chonena, who asked for and received a strip of land on the Washita from the General Council of the Choctaws, producing a certificate signed by George Folsom, one of the Choctaw District Chiefs, to prove what he\n        said. The Chief also said that General Armstrong had promised them farming implements and other tools so they could settle down on the land allotted to them by the Choctaws, in a group of about 300 to 400. An eleven year old Mexican girl rescued from\n        Indian captivity was left in his care by his predecessor, Colonel Long and he asks what is to be done with her (1851 Sep 22); and his investigation of charges of a wagonload of liquor being brought into the Indian Territory for sale (1851 Oct 5).","J. Morrison Harris, Maryland Historical Society, informs Alexander H. H. Stuart of his honorary membership (1850 May 20)","Judge N. Harrison, Salt Sulphur Springs, Monroe County, West Virginia, writes concerning several suits in his court and business matters involving Alexander H. H. Stuart ([1869] Sep 3)","Solomon George Haven (1810-1861) hopes that Alexander H. H. Stuart will make a great impact in politics in the Old Dominion, and remarks about his own area, \"I cannot tell you much of politics in this section [of New York ], there is almost a torpor.\n        I have no choice between the democrats and the Republicans. The former is made up of the foreign votes here \u0026 the latter partly in the same way and partly of the very dishonest men amongst our native born citizens. The Americans have a most worthy\n        state ticket in this State... Today the chances are in favor of the Republicans carrying the state but the battle has yet got to be set in array before results can be foretold. Perhaps the result of the struggle in Kansas and a full opening of Congress\n        is necessary to give any form whatever, to the future\" (1857 Oct 8).","A.M. Hay, his cousin, discusses the loss of her husband and the death of Alexander H. H. Stuart 's father, her plans to join her sister Mary in Athens, Greece, to help her run a boarding house for the upper class Greek girls attending the mission\n        school, and requests Alexander H. H. Stuart 's aid in securing letters of introduction from Mr. Webster to the various consuls at ports of call along the way (1852 Aug 25)","T.S. Haymond explains the causes of the defeat of the Whig candidate for Governor of Virginia, George William Summers (1804-1868) in the recent election, in his area of Virginia, the northwestern section of the state [ Monongalia County, West\n        Virginia ?] (1851 Dec 20)","Isaac Hazlehurst asks that Alexander H. H. Stuart send him copies of his articles signed \"Madison\" in reference to the American question (1857 Jun 24)","Richard H. Henderson, Virginia Colonization Society, refers to the \"true policy of Virginia to keep down the free colored population of the state: that her legislature originated the scheme for colonizing this population beyond the borders of the\n        United States; that appropriations have been well received by the people\" and recommends extending the act to those slaves set free by wills; and \"The prohibitions as to the admission of free blacks in the non- slaveholding states are well known; and,\n        should the other southwestern states follow the example set them by Mississippi as they soon will, either a channel must be opened through which this population may flow off to Africa, or it will increase amongst us to a most mischievous extent.\" (1837\n        Oct 28)","Professor Joseph Henry, Smithsonian Institute, letter of introduction for Mr. F. [Bonynge] the author of a work on the culture of tea and indigo in the United States (1852 Aug 4)","Britton A. Hill writes enclosing his newspaper articles defending Alexander H. H. Stuart 's decision in the Labeaume land grant case which was attacked in The St. Louis Republican by the claimant Maguire (1852 Feb 6 \u0026 9)","William L. Hodge encloses a newsclipping about the decision of Millard Fillmore not to be a candidate for the Presidency and how much such a declaration will injure Fillmore and the party (1852 Jan 20)","J.E. Holmes asks Alexander H. H. Stuart to recommend to the President that he increase the salary of District Judge Hoffman in San Francisco, California, lest he leave and an inferior officer replace him (1851 Oct 25)","Rev. Samuel Rutherford Houston to Dr. John J. Moorman seeking Alexander H. H. Stuart 's influence to have him appointed Principal of the Institution for the Deaf and Dumb in Staunton, Virginia (1852 Feb 24)","M.U. Houston both letters discuss the Wheeling Bridge case in which a suit was brought alleging that the Wheeling Bridge was not suitable for railroad purposes and Alexander H. H. Stuart 's role in the matter (1850 Mar 16 \u0026 Jun 8)","Benjamin Chew Howard refers to the Wheeling Bridge case and asks if Alexander H. H. Stuart wishes his brief to be inserted in his argument (1852 Jul 30)","Robert Hull acknowledges the receipt of a check which makes them even and encloses a graphic and highly complimentary sketch of Mr. Alexander H. H. Stuart from a Boston paper (1851 Oct 3)","Andrew Hunter writes about the \"Beeler Case\" and wishes to receive his administration fee now in Alexander H. H. Stuart 's hands (1851 Nov 27); and comments on his grief that Jefferson County has elected two Democrats to the Legislature, mentions\n        other items about local Virginia politics, and the dissatisfaction of the voters at Harpers Ferry due to certain army regulations (1851 Nov 27 \u0026 Dec 9)","R.M.T. Hunter (1809-1887) asks Alexander H. H. Stuart to send an estimate of the expense of the wings of the Capitol to be included in the Civil and Diplomatic Bill (1852 Feb 3)","John Daniel Imboden (1823-1895) writes concerning the suit of Daniel Mosby against Thomas Johnson and Thomas Turk over possession of a tract of land and asks if Alexander H. H. Stuart has made any arrangements for someone to take over his legal cases\n        (1850 Sep 23); his introduction of a series of land resolutions concerning the distribution of the proceeds from the sale of public lands approved by an act of Congress on September 4, 1841, and the possible use of such funds for the purpose of\n        education, and asks Alexander H. H. Stuart to get a clerk to make a brief statement as to what appropriations of land have been made for educational and internal improvements, to what states, when, and for what specific objects, has hopes of carrying\n        the Central Railroad this session along with other internal improvements, the great excitement over the next Presidential election with Millard Fillmore being the choice of the Virginia Whigs with Alexander H. H. Stuart being mentioned as the\n        Vice-Presidential candidate (1852 Jan 31); writes again concerning the great Central line of improvement through Virginia, especially a proposition to construct a railroad from Covington to the Ohio River on state account and asks if he can negotiate\n        the sale of stock in London or New York (1853 Jan 22)","Joseph K. Irving, San Francisco, writes through W.D. Fair, praising the fidelity of James M. Crane, editor of The California Courier, to Whig\n        principles and doctrines, discusses \"the gross frauds and outrageous wrongs inflicted and committed by the [Locofocos], in the matter of the contested seats\" (1851 Mar 4); and introduces Dr. Wozencraft, California Indian agent (1852 Nov 30)","G.W. Israel asks for a donation for a seminary to train teachers of moderate circumstances to educate the lower classes (1853 Feb 8)","S.D. Jacobs refers to changes of mail routes proposed by R.G. Harmon (1851 Nov 13)","John Janney (1798-1872) writes concerning the necessity of resigning his position, as the Commissioner to West Virginia, due to his poor eyesight, unless the Legislature decides to settle the state debt question by agreeing to pay two-thirds of the\n        debt and repudiating the balance, leaving the creditors of the state of Virginia to look to West Virginia for the residue (1866-1867)","G.N. Johnson concerning the legal case of the Bank of the United States vs Samuel Leake (1840 May 14)","R.[G.] Johnson writes about postponing the argument in a legal case, \"the only question to be argued in the brief case, is, whether the act of Congress does not legalize the Brief\" (1850-1853 all about this case)","William B. Kayser notifies Alexander H. H. Stuart that Dr. Hall has received payment through the Finley estate and has remitted five hundred dollars to Alexander H. H. Stuart drawn on the Bank of Winchester (1852 Sep 24)","John P. Kennedy (1795-1870) tries to secure a clerkship for a friend, Mr. Ridgate (1850 Sep 18); regards \"every man now who places the Compromise [of 1850 ?] in the front of his creed a good and true Whig -and every convert to the Administration on\n        that ground a new recruit to the standard of Whig principles\" (1851 Apr 17); arrangements made for the ceremony connected with the committee on the Inauguration of the Statue (1853 Jan 7); attempts to persuade Alexander H. H. Stuart to accompany\n        himself and Mr. Millard Fillmore on a trip south to Richmond, Charleston, Savannah, and then on to Cuba, West Indies, New Orleans and thence to Kentucky and home (1854 Feb 13)","Joseph C.G. Kennedy, Census Office, writes about various properties (1847 Jun 17); recommends that Mr. Hall be sent to Richmond to retake the census for that city (1851 Apr 2); mentions Alexander H. H. Stuart 's election to the National Institute\n        (1851 Apr 8); beginning in May of 1851, he writes six letters during his trip to Europe to study the European use of statistics and their use in legislation, the census, and agricultural production; visits the Statistical Society of London and\n        discusses the ratio of representation, fractions, and population (1851 Jun 3); visits the President of the Board of Trade to get information on the true basis of statistical knowledge (1851 Jun 10); urged to stay and address the British Association for\n        the Promotion of Science of which Prince Albert was President, his visits to some of the foremost statistical men connected to British government offices and other nations such as Prussia, France, and Belgium (1851 Jun 23); his description of Berlin\n        and Wittenberg, recommendation that a Bureau of Agriculture \u0026 Statistics be created along the lines of those in France and Belgium, prediction that America will march to a degree of honor and prosperity that will far exceed any of the old world\n        (1851 Aug 7); on recommendation of Baron Humboldt he plans to visit Vienna (1851 Aug 17); at home, the mania for rail and plank roads, political news of Pennsylvania, and his expectation that the Scott Whigs will carry the Presidency (1852 Oct 16);\n        discusses the political race between Scott and Harrison in the region of Pittsburgh ([?] Oct 12)","Kent Lumber Company concerning the payment of drafts incurred by federal agencies (1852 Oct 27)","Andrew W. Kercheval with a genealogical inquiry about James Wood, a Revolutionary General and Virginia Governor (1867 Feb 14)","William Kerr seeking whiskey patronage (1851 Nov 14)","Samuel D. King about California affairs, blames the Whig government for neglecting the state and predicts bad consequences for the upcoming election (1851 Jul 14)","Jefferson Kinney all three letters deal with business matters such as the sale of Alexander H. H. Stuart 's lots in Staunton for a railroad passenger depot and possible benefits to the town from the railroad (1852)","Nicholas Kinney refers to the speech of [Mr. Nathaniel Pitcher Tallmadge ?] concerning the Bankruptcy Bill, the Locofocos, his disappointment with his friend [ Thomas Walker?] Gilmer, the conversion of David W. Patteson, who is a possible candidate\n        for Congress, to Methodism (1841 Sep 3); sends a copy of letter from the Rev. B.M. Smith concerning a rumor that Alexander H. H. Stuart contradicted his statement about Dr. Ticknor's qualifications as assistant physician at the Asylum (1851 Feb 18\n        \u0026 26); the strong position of the Whig party at present (1851 Feb 26)","R.H. Kinney asks Alexander H. H. Stuart to pursue the military claim of the heirs of Dr. Roberts (1841 Jun 25)","William Kinney reports on several court cases and discusses political appointments, especially Mr. Hagarty for the Liverpool consulate, and Alexander H. H. Stuart 's vote to rescind the 21 rule (1841 Jun 13); complains about the behavior of the Whig\n        Congress so far, discusses Alexander H. H. Stuart 's outline of his plan of operations for this session and not fixing the ratio of representation under the new census for the next Congress, his fear that the Locofocos will gain influence in the\n        Virginia State Legislature, the resignation of \"Extra Billy\" [Governor William Smith ] from his seat in the Senate and his hopes that the House of Representatives would give the seat to Extra \"for really I consider him a great nuisance in the Senate,\"\n        believes that Webster's objections to the appointment of Hagarty to the consulate of Liverpool not valid as he [wrongly !] thinks Nicholas Trist was born in Louisiana and is not a Virginian, and discusses his [Kentz?] suit at length (1841 Jun 23);\n        argues that the success of the suit of Porterfield vs Clark hinges on proving that the country in question belonged to the Cherokees in 1779, found out that Silas E. Burrows is the favorite of Webster for the Liverpool consulate, while the leading\n        merchants of New York favor Hagarty, and says Tucker will accept the professorship of law on condition that they will let him reside out of the precincts of the University [of Virginia] (1841 Jul 22); reports that they have just finished the battle for\n        Speaker of the Virginia Legislature with the election of [Valentine Wood] Southall considered a Whig victory, \"we had a long, I cannot say very able or palatable message from the accidental Gov. of Virginia -coming into office as he did, he ought to\n        have been modest\" (1841 Dec 6); notes that the introduction of a batch of Federal resolutions into the House have alarmed the Locofocos, especially the one urging the repeal of the Distribution Act, which is popular in the Western part of the state,\n        and discusses the prospects of several men for the Governorship of Virginia (1841 Dec 24); reports on election results in Augusta County, urges Alexander H. H. Stuart to write some articles on the Tariff to attract the support of the young farmers and\n        mechanics which are being courted by the Democrats as new voters under the new state constitution (1851 Oct 24); discusses the legal case of Woods vs Brooks and expresses his confidence in the election of General Scott (1852 Jul 13); discusses the\n        election of cashier at the Bank and the appointment of a marshall for the western district of Virginia (1852 Nov 12 \u0026 30); and discusses the affairs of the Staunton Bank, of which he is President, and the Central Railroad (1852 Dec 23)","O.B. Knode asks Alexander H. H. Stuart 's influence be used to have Colonel Tiernan appointed to a judgeship in Utah (1852 Jan 22)","F.A. Kownslar writes concerning a debt (1833 Jun 24)","Daniel Kraber concerning the will of George Lightner with a copy of the will attached (1831 Nov 15)","J.D. Kurtz concerning cadet appointments (1853 Jan 17)","John H.B. Latrobe appreciates Alexander H. H. Stuart 's speech and the exposition of the operation of the partnership principle by Alexander H. H. Stuart (1838 Sep 1)","Joseph S. Leake inquires about the price of one of Mr. Alexander H. H. Stuart 's houses (1831 Nov 3)","Adam Lee about taking up a land agency in the Transalleghany country (1831 Mar 11)","John Letcher (1813-1884) hopes Alexander H. H. Stuart has received the seeds sent by his friend Whiting (1856 May 2)","[Will H. Lewis ?], State Department, sends invitation to dine (n.d.)","John Tayloe Lomax asks which states are a good market for legal books, expresses his opinion of the need for a protective tariff, his hope that Henry Clay will run as the Whig candidate for President, and the appearance that John C. Calhoun was the\n        most prominent of the Locofocos (1842 Jul 8)","L. Luckett describes his family's trip to Memphis, [Tennessee] (1859 Aug 1); mentions seeing the manufacture of weapons in Richmond and his trip to New Orleans during the Civil War, the condition of the cotton crop, benefits of the war in uniting the\n        South, the vast difference between the Southerners and the Yankees, the ironclad [Thunderbolt ?] expected to leave New Orleans this week to go against Fort St. Phillip and Jackson (1861 Sep 2); refers to negotiations with England by the South and\n        refers to slavery \"our peculiar institution that they hoped was our weakness, is a tower of strength.\" (1861 Dec 23)","James Lyons appreciates Alexander H. H. Stuart 's speech upon the subject of a national Bank and recommends the establishment of an Exchange Bank with branches in all of the states and regrets the division that the Bank issue has brought between the\n        executive and legislative branches (1841 Aug 20)","Joseph S. Machie both letters discuss getting the deposition of James M.H. Beale for a trial (1851-1852)","James MacDonald wants his younger brother appointed a surgeon either in the Navy or Army (1851 Oct 8)","Redick McKee reports on the progress of the Commission sent to California to visit the hundreds of small Indian tribes and families, his plans to soon visit the tribes along the Mercede River, Mariposa County, the condition of the Whig Party in\n        California, the upcoming Senatorial contest, and his desire for the San Francisco Custom House position if it comes open (1851 Jan 28); reports signing the first treaty between the United States and the California Indians at Camp Fremont on March 19th\n        with six tribes and the possibility of a treaty with two more tribes near Fresno River, the poor quality of the soil, and his poor opinion of Dr. Wozencraft, California Indian agent (1851 Mar 21); recommends pacifying the Indians with a liberal supply\n        of beef and flour, his disagreement with Wozencraft who entered into a contract with Fremont, a political opponent, to supply beef to the Indians before the treaties were ratified by Congress and signed by the President, mentions other scandals and\n        improprieties in the Indian agency of California, and feels that reorganization of the whole governmental system in California is necessary (1851 Jun 30); desires the newly created position of \"Superintendent of Indian Affairs for the Pacific Coast\"\n        and criticizes the appointment of Lt. Beall as Indian Commissioner for California because he is known as a Democrat (1852 Mar 17 \u0026 May 5)","Thomas M.S. McKennan letter of introduction for William Mills (1851 Oct 29)","Lewis McKenzie asks Alexander H. H. Stuart to speak before the Bell \u0026 Everett Club as a friend of the Union (1860 Aug 31)","William McLaughlin asks if Staunton will support the invitation by the Franklin Club, Washington College, and the Virginia Military Institute, to Edward Everett to speak in Lexington in order to raise money to purchase Mount Vernon (1857 Nov 23)","Theodorick B. McRobert thanks Alexander H. H. Stuart for the clerkship in the Department of the Interior (1850 Oct 3); includes a letter from Archibald B. Walker concerning a possible pension based on the Revolutionary War service of Alexander Walker\n        (1850 Nov 26 \u0026 1851 Jan 8); includes a letter from the Rev. Luther Emerson, of Cob Bottom, Highland County, who promises to write a series of essays on the Scriptural view of slavery if McRobert will help him get some Northern Whig newspapers to\n        print them (1851 Dec 18 \u0026 26)","F. Madera requests a promotion in the Pension Office (1851 Dec 30)","Allan B. Magruder writes to secure a cadetship for his son, John T. Magruder, at West Point, and asks for a letter of introduction to the Secretary of the Navy on behalf of his brother, Captain Magruder (1851-1853); he also expresses his\n        disappointment that Millard Fillmore did not receive the nomination at the Baltimore Convention (1852 Jun 24)","James Maguire accuses Mr. Bartlett, the Mexican Boundary Survey Commissioner, of embezzling (1851 Mar 29)","Francis Mallory (1807-1860) congratulates Alexander H. H. Stuart on his appointment to the Cabinet (1851 Jun 13); discusses the case of Mr. Kyle of Norfolk and criticizes Mr. Eubank and his staff over his handling of Kyle's case (1852); and informs\n        Alexander H. H. Stuart that the Whigs of Norfolk want the postmaster position to go to John P. Leigh when Mr. Cohen dies (1852 Sep 29)","N. Marmion to Messrs. Baldwin \u0026 Stuart, Attorneys-at-Law, concerning the debt of George Nicholson (1834 Mar 6 \u0026 Aug 21)","Timothy Marmion writes concerning business matters (n.y. Dec 21)","J.K. Marshall writes concerning a debt owed by Messrs. Harman \u0026 Garber (1852 Jan 30)","Thomas A. Marshall inquires if Alexander H. H. Stuart can help him determine if James M. Moffit is deceased, Moffit was a plaintiff in the legal case of Miller heirs vs Boatman (1833)","Thomas Martin notifies Alexander H. H. Stuart that his father, Pleasant Martin, has moved to Tennessee (1830 Jul 27)","William Martin discusses the upcoming Virginia election for governor and the need for Governor Francis Harrison Pierpont to convince the Legislature to fix the question of the payment of the interest on the public debt (1867 Feb 10)","Maryland Institute Officers \u0026 Managers ask Alexander H. H. Stuart to deliver their \"Annual Address\" at the opening of the Annual Exhibition of Manufacturers \u0026 Machinery (1851 Oct 6)","James Murray Mason (1798-1871) regrets that he does not have any of the published documents concerning the Wheeling Bridge case, excepting the Congressional Globe at home (1853 Oct 22)","[John Young] Mason (1799-1859) recommending John Dabney for some Federal government position (1851 Dec 30)","Colonel James W. Massie writes concerning a debt owed to Hugh McClure (1871 Apr 17)","Thomas E. Massie, Santa Fe, New Mexico, introduces D.V. Whiting, as knowledgeable of modern languages (1852 May 5)","Joel E. Matthews writes concerning the legal case of Matthews vs Minzes (1851-1852)","Tyre Maupin informs Alexander H. H. Stuart that the Rough and Ready Club of Rockingham County plan to present him with a silver pitcher for his services to the Whig Party (1848 Sep 3); asks if Alexander H. H. Stuart knows whether James Madison ever\n        offered a Cabinet position to General Scott and informs him that he plans to vote for Scott now that he has the Whig nomination (1852 Jul 17)","R. Mayo asks for a favorable review of his book now before the Pension Committee of the Senate (1852)","Thompson G. Martin writes concerning his efforts to sell some Alexander H. H. Stuart land for them in Scott County, Virginia, and Tennessee (1831, 1834)","Members of the Virginia Legislature names Whig candidates favored by themselves for several positions (n.d.)","Memoranda of A.H.H. Stuart while Secretary of the Interior, chiefly concerning appointments and removals for positions in the government under his jurisdiction (ca. 1851-1853)","C.F. Mercer, President of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Company, writes to Alexander H. H. Stuart as their representative (1832 May 28)","Hugh Mercer asks Daniel Webster to transfer his son, George Weedon Mercer, from the Second Auditor's Office, to the State Department (1851 Feb 22 \u0026 Jul 4)","[S.]C.M. Merillat asks Alexander H. H. Stuart if he knows if Congress plans on raising the duties on foreign iron in the near future as he has interests in an iron rolling mill and they need to decide what to do with it now that it has suspended\n        operations (1852 Jun 1)","C.H. Merritt sends Alexander H. H. Stuart a ring made out of native gold of New Mexico (1851 Sep 30) and introduces Judge Houghton of New Mexico (1851 Oct 20)","Thomas J. Michie (1795-1873) writes concerning various legal cases (1845 Aug 1; 1850 Dec 19; 1852 Jan 18 \u0026 29 and Oct 15); congratulates him on his appointment to the Cabinet and expresses his hopes that the Administration will benefit from any\n        good will generated by the Compromise of 1850, his regret at being without Alexander H. H. Stuart 's companionship during his stay in Washington, and offers to help with any of his legal cases when he is not on the other side (1850 Sep 15); thanks\n        Alexander H. H. Stuart for his gift, comments on the recent election, \"for I could not but believe that a majority of the new made vote would be Democratic, \u0026 I knew the power of the party which, to make men forget every excellence, \u0026 carry out\n        the behests of the party...nor are the Whigs less the slaves of such machinery than the Democrats,\" discusses the plight of Hungarian patriot and statesman, Lajos Kossuth (1802-1894), and mentions \"the young Napoleon\" [ Napoleon III ] (1851 Dec 29);\n        sends a printed copy of his points of law, made in the appeal case of Points, assignee of Hottle vs Crawford, and discusses the case (1852 Jan 14)","William C. Micou asks for his assistance in a case now before the Supreme Court (1852 Oct 20)","Daniel F. Miller to Thomas Corwin -asks for Isaac Leffler (1788-1866), a former Whig member of Congress from Virginia, to be appointed to one of the land districts in Iowa; President Millard Fillmore appointed him receiver of public moneys for the\n        Chariton land district of Iowa on August 30th (1852 Aug 17)","Jacob Welsh Miller (1800-1862) introduces George P. [?], of New Jersey, a member of the U.S. \u0026 Mexican Boundary Commission (1852 May 5)","James Miller asks Alexander H. H. Stuart to intervene with John P. Kennedy on his brother's behalf for an appointment in the Navy Department (1852 Dec 1)","Zophar Mills, Chairman of the Seventh Ward Democratic Whig Association of the City of New York, encloses a copy of the Preamble and Constitution of the Association (1851 Jul 8)","Joseph L. Mitchell acknowledges the receipt of the agricultural book (1852 Feb 7)","John Moebus requests Alexander H. H. Stuart to furnish him with the money to reach New York (1852 Jun 22)","John Moffett writes concerning his unhappiness over the nomination of General Winfield Scott and his fears of a military candidate and Roman Catholics in the election (1852 Jun 27)","Thomas S. Moffett, cousin of Alexander H. H. Stuart, requests he send one hundred dollars to Richmond (1834 Jan 27)","Henry W. Moncure asks for a letter of introduction to Abbott Lawrence, the United States Minister to Great Britain, to facilitate his tour of Europe (1852 Jun 9)","Charles P. Montague volunteers to carry dispatches abroad for the Federal government (1852 Jun 8)","D.E. Moore expresses dismay at the election of John Tyler as President (1841 Aug 26)","John K. Moore asks that Alexander H. H. Stuart remember his son, John B. Moore, who was unable to continue his plan of working in the mines due to dysentery caught while waiting in Panama for a ship, if any appointments open up in California (1850\n        Nov 27); and expresses his disgust at the nomination of General Scott (1852 Jul 6)","L.T. Moore writes concerning the Beeler family estate (1851 Oct 10,18, 21)","Samuel McDowell Moore writes letters concerning political events in Virginia and the Virginia Legislature, including: the \"Senatorial Lottery,\" his own possible candidacy for office in the Virginia Senate to oppose the \"unworthy\" David W. Patteson, a\n        bill for a Railroad from Staunton to Harpers Ferry to Baltimore, the reorganization of the courts, and his opposition to amalgamating the Common Law and Chancery Court (1830 Jan 24); his busy schedule with the Committee on Elections which sent Barbour\n        and Davis back to try again, returning the elections to the people for a revote, with no information about Alexander H. H. Stuart 's Senator (1830 Dec 25); passage of the Railway Bill from Staunton to the Potomac, and tells about the nephew of Chief\n        Justice John Marshall shooting and killing William Gott after he refused to duel with him (1831 Feb 23-24); news that Jefferson [Kinney?] plans to run as a candidate for the Senate against Patteson and his own indecision about whether to run as well\n        (1831 Mar 2); thanks Alexander H. H. Stuart for his opinions about Moore running for the Virginia Senate in order to unseat David W. Patteson, speaks about his opposition to the odious amendment to Alexander H. H. Stuart 's Railroad Bill introduced\n        into the House of Delegates which prohibited the government from subscribing to any part of the stock, the 29th section of the bill was stricken out, discusses all of his work to secure the passage of the bill as Alexander H. H. Stuart submitted it,\n        and mentions the Judiciary Bill (1831 Mar 17); discusses the bill affecting court clerk fees, his decision not to run for the Virginia Senate seat, and the Railroad Bill (1831 Apr 10); furnishes his opinion of the elections at Rockbridge and Augusta,\n        Mr. Dorman's efforts for David W. Patteson and against his own candidate (1831 Jun 30, Jul 4 \u0026 5); discusses the bill for internal improvements, the work of the Special Committee regarding the subject of removing free Negroes and Mulattoes, the\n        emancipation of slaves, the majority of the Committee refused to pay for the Negroes killed in Southampton, and other propositions concerning slaves and their removal from western Virginia (1832 Jan 5); following Moore's election to the House of\n        Representatives, he believes the followers of Martin Van Buren have the political advantage, the President seems anxious to get Daniel Webster into the Democratic Party in order to carry the Senate in their favor, Nullifiers also want Webster to switch\n        parties to alienate Southerners, destroy the Union, and establish a Southern Confederacy, the inadvisability of Henry Clay running for President, and mention of Richard M. Johnson of Kentucky as a probable candidate for Vice-President with Van Buren\n        (1833 Dec 24); discusses the election of [Littleton Waller] Tazewell (1774-1860) as evidence that the \"Old Dominion\" is dead set against Martin Van Buren for President and other political matters, and includes an amusing story of his social life (1834\n        Jan 11); his concern over the Banking Bill and false accusations against Moore printed by the editor of The Fincastle Patriot 1834 Apr 7);\n        encouraged by the results of the Virginia elections and other political gossip (1834 May 20); discusses the resolutions regarding the Sub-Treasury scheme, Calhoun's speech supporting the scheme, and Clay's speech against it and Calhoun, and mention of\n        the Locofoco Party (1838 Feb 22); some of the Whigs uneasy over Alexander H. H. Stuart 's vote on the 21st Rule which vote Moore approved, \"I consider the true ground on which to meet the abolitionists is that they are prohibited by the Constitution\n        from interfering with our domestic concerns, and we should meet them on the ramparts of the Constitution. And not in endeavoring to defend a rule of order of at least doubtful justice and propriety,\" and furnishes his version of the history of the\n        \"abolition humbug\" beginning with General Jackson kicking Calhoun out of the \"Kitchen Cabinet\" and continuing with Calhoun's attempt to fan the flames of sectional division for his own political purposes; and his belief that the Whigs should pass Mr.\n        Ewing's Bank Bill with as little alteration as possible, and mentions Extra Billy Smith 's letter expressing his opinion that Tyler will veto any bill chartering a U.S. Bank (1841 June 22); the defeat of the Bank Bill in Congress, Tyler's attack on the\n        Whig Party as the enemy of States' Rights, the controversy over the nature of the proposed National Bank and his own solution to the problem, and his contention that the Bankruptcy Bill should not be passed at present (1841 Aug 22); complains about\n        [John Minor] Botts giving Whigs a bad name, discusses flaws in the Bank Bill, notes that Whigs are dissatisfied with [William Cabell ?] Rives course in countering the Whig Party, and complains about [Henry Alexander ?] Wise (1841 Aug 27); and discusses\n        the Firebaugh Will legal case (1850 Oct 18; 1852 Jan 5 \u0026 Mar 16)","John Moorman recommends the Rev. Samuel R. Houston as Superintendent of the Deaf and Dumb Asylum at Staunton, Virginia (1852 Mar 4)","[W.?] Morris seeks a position in the State Department (1852 Dec 1)","C.L. Mosby writes concerning claims against the Thomas Wells estate (1831 May 18); and asks if he knows of a purser position in the Navy for his brother, William W. Mosby (1851 Dec 15)","[Alexander] Moseley expresses his concern with President Tyler and Edward Everett 's reply to the abolitionists (1841 Jul-Aug); discusses the idea of acquiring Cuba from Spain and the widespread aversion to Spanish rule in Cuba and his hopes that\n        [John Minor ?] Botts would not be elected (1851 Jun 13 \u0026 Oct 20); believes that Millard Fillmore will be nominated at the Baltimore Convention (1852 Mar 20); the need for a full Whig vote in Virginia to defeat Franklin Pierce (1852 Oct 5 \u0026\n        7)","J.W. Myers questions Stuart about the meaning of President Millard Fillmore 's latest message in regard to military intervention on behalf of the Hungarian Lajos Kossuth or in any European conflict (1851 Dec 11)","Thomas Nairu writes concerning federal appointments in Iowa (1850 Oct 23)","C.W. Newton, one of the Commissioners chosen to select a site for the Norfolk Custom House, discusses the matter, and recommends that the other commissioners be retained as superintendents to continue with the construction of the Custom House (1851\n        May 1); asks why the delay in the appointment of his friend, Walter H. Taylor (1852 Aug 20); recommends John P. Leigh for the Postmaster position at Norfolk (1852 Sep 29)","Isaac C. Newton regrets his defence of Bryant who was removed from office by his own misconduct and not through prejudice as he claimed (1853 Jan 15)","Dr. C.N. Nichols concerning the purchase of \" Woodstock, \" the farm of Mrs. Brent and a note from John Carroll Brent (1852 Nov 23)","William Ogden Niles writes concerning the prosecution of parties arrested for frauds upon the Departments of the Interior and the Treasury (1850 Nov 12)","John A. North furnishes information in several cases in which Alexander H. H. Stuart is listed as Counsel in Judge Thompson's Circuit (1852 Aug 14)","John A. [Parker ?] thanks Alexander H. H. Stuart for his recent speech on the slavery question and Mr. Lincoln's plan to purchase land to colonize the freed Negroes (1873 Oct 27)","William Elisha Peters (1829-1906) urges Alexander H. H. Stuart through another faculty member not to use the revenue from the Corcoran fund for the general purposes of the University of Virginia or to any other than the benefit of the Professors\n        which will assure the future of the institution (1876 Nov 23)","[Sir Flinders ?] Petrie, Secretary of the Victoria Institute or Philosophical Society of Great Britain, invites Alexander H. H. Stuart to join the society (1878 Aug 12)","Eb Phlegar furnishes a table of voting in the precincts of Montgomery County and Pulaski County (1841 Apr 24)","L.M. Powell expresses his concern over Alexander H. H. Stuart 's fall into the water and tells about the loss of his trunk (1860 Oct 23)","W.A. Powell statement of interest due (1868 Dec 16)","William Ballard Preston (1805-1862) discusses the Whig Convention in Philadelphia, the nomination of Zachary Taylor, the vulnerability of Lewis Cass, and mentions [John Minor] Botts (1848 Jun 15)","Charles Radziminski asks for a leave of absence to be arranged so he can travel to Europe and check on his family whom he has not heard from since his exile from Poland for revolutionary activity in 1834 (1852 Aug 1)","Robert Ridgway (1823-1870) asks Alexander H. H. Stuart if he would accept the opposition nomination for Governor and discusses others who might accept a position on the ticket (1859 Jan 9)","Lawrence Riggs writes about the desire of Rev. F.W. Hatch for the Chaplaincy to the U.S. Marine Hospital at St. Louis (1851 Jan 8)","Alexander Rives discusses the idea of secession, \"A vague fear distresses us, lest our people should be maddened by occurrences at the South and dragged after the seceding states. I am clean for keeping the state out of that vortex.\" He also suggests\n        that the Southern representatives meet with their Stephen Douglass allies and agree to serve in Lincoln's Cabinet if asked (1860 Nov 20) and \"You can well conceive that I am not favorably inclined to our unceremonious \u0026 unexpected transfer to Jeff.\n        Davis \u0026 Co. I did not like the Convention's adoption of Judge Allen's sophism in the preamble to the Act of Secession; -it is a false gloss and unworthy of the state;\" (1861 May 13)","William Cabell Rives expresses hopes that they can create a great National Conservative Party to preserve the Union and avoid the extremism proclaimed by Mr. Seward in recent speeches in New York (1859 Jan 5); and fears his health will not permit him\n        to give the speech on behalf of the Committee to the people of the United States; he died on April 25 (1868 Jan 7)","William Barton Rogers hesitates to endorse any mining and economical surveys, and mentions that he enjoyed the address of his friend Judge Bradley at the public exercises at the University of Virginia (1881 Jul 7)","W.H. Ruffner wishes that Alexander H. H. Stuart would receive the nomination for the Vice-Presidency and asks Alexander H. H. Stuart to come to Philadelphia to make a speech before the Convention, \"A little glorification of Hungary -some leanings\n        toward our `Manifest Destiny' -a few digs at `European despotisms' -a compliment to the Sultan -a javelin at Nicholas -in short `much ado about nothing' is all that is needed.\" (1851 Dec 5)","Benjamin Rush expresses his admiration for Alexander H. H. Stuart and his efforts to avoid the dissolution of the Union before the Civil War and hopes to further reconciliation between the North and South should he be elected to Congress (1874 Aug\n        4)","John C. Rusmisell discusses the popular election of Joseph Johnson for Governor in Virginia under the new state constitution (1851 Dec 25)","N[athan] Sargent (1794-1875), author of Public Men and Events, in several letters that reveal the turbulent condition of American politics\n        during the period immediately preceding the Civil War, Sargent urges that articles be published in the Richmond Whig supporting his and\n        Alexander H. H. Stuart 's positions in the upcoming elections, mentions the controversy over the Crittenden Amendment, violent feelings on both sides of the slavery issue, and urges a meeting of representatives of various Conservative groups who wish\n        to work to preserve the Union, hopes for the defeat of John Letcher (1858-1859); and deplores the course of Goggin and Bell of Kentucky, \"I can never subscribe to the doctrine that Congress must protect slavery in the Territories; never. We must\n        repudiate that vagary.\" (1859 Aug 12); and discusses the effect of the outbreak at Harpers Ferry (1859 Oct 24)","R.E. Scott furnishes his views as to the nomination to be made at the Baltimore Convention (1852 May 22)","Joseph Segar writes concerning the Presidential nomination; his support for Millard Fillmore and his distaste for Scott (1852 Mar 11)","Hugh W. Sheffey compares the advantages of investing in state bonds and U.S. stock, asks his opinion of \"Thompson's Revolution\" before the General Assembly which means to reduce the number of circuit courts and increase the pay of judges, the House\n        of Delegates will soon begin examining the criminal code, expects passage of the Covington and Ohio Railroad Bill, anxious that all the state internal improvements be completed so that Virginia can tap the great Western wealth, and the bill enlarging\n        the limits of Staunton has passed (1848 Feb 12); discusses his recent attempt to pass a bill to reapportion the delegates and senators throughout the Commonwealth and Mr. Scott of Fauquier County 's proposed bill re reapportionment, failure of the bill\n        to extend the Louisa Railroad towards Harrisonburg, his concern over the Whig nomination, \"Stuart, I am satisfied that the nomination of Mr. Clay will prostrate the Whig party in the South -no young man in the South can for twenty years to come expect\n        to rise to any post of honour or distinction if Clay should ever be elected by the Wilmot proviso vote of the North\" (1848 Feb 16); the Virginia Whig Convention voted to support Zachary Taylor for the Presidential candidate (1848 Feb 25); notifies\n        Alexander H. H. Stuart that an appropriation of six thousand dollars was made by the General Assembly to the Deaf \u0026 Dumb \u0026 Blind Institution to square its debts and warns him as its President not to come to the General Assembly for more\n        assistance (1850 Mar 14); and writes concerning the bounty land warrant of his cousin Celly (1852 Apr 2)","W.G. [Snethen ?] asks that the Department of the Interior award land sale advertisements to the newspaper The Virginian edited by Terry and\n        Shields (1852 Oct 9)","Lord Stirling sends a copy of The Democratic Review containing the first of a series of articles concerning his legally established rights in\n        British North America (1852 Sep 11)","Samuel Strong writes concerning the bids for the extension of the marble work of the Capitol (1851 Nov 5)","James French Strother (1811-1860) asks Alexander H. H. Stuart to write to Mr. Hall and tell him that he believes the bill authorizing the appointment of an assistant agent will pass (1852 Jun 8)","Alexander H.H. Stuart Letters writes in great detail to Thomas Michie concerning the subjects of internal improvements, especially the James River Company, \u0026 the increase of Banking capital and the opposition of Joseph C. Cabell to their plans,\n        and the Democratic Party being forced to accept David Campbell as Governor (1837 Jan 29); to an unknown correspondent, tries to correct the allegation by John Minor Botts that the resolution offered by Alexander H. H. Stuart at the extra session of\n        Congress in June 1841 was copied by Alexander H. H. Stuart from Botts' resolution and presented as his own and asks for his correspondent to be a witness to what actually transpired (1845 Dec 12); furnishes a testimonial to the worthy service W.D.C.\n        Goddard has performed in the Department of the Interior (1852 Jun 30); to his brother, Gerald B. Stuart, writes that William H. Clarke wants a barrel of his best whiskey sent, William Stuart needs a good horse, predicts big battles soon, probably at\n        Yorktown, Harpers Ferry, or Manassas Gap, and says of the Convention, \"We have a most miserable spirit prevailing in the Convention -a spirit of carping \u0026 bitter hostility to Letcher -such men as Harris, Ambler, Garnett seem disposed to assail him\n        on every frivolous pretext\" (1861 Jun 15); writes to his daughter, Maggie B. Stuart, concerning her schooling (1873 Feb 7); from the University of Virginia, to his mother, Eleanor Stuart, about his brother Archibald Stuart 's engagement (Oct 7); and to\n        his wife, informing her that he hoped to be home from Washington soon, neither the Whig nor Democratic Parties can command the full loyalty of their followers in the present debate, and describes his anxiety about his children (n.d.)","Archibald P. Stuart assures him of his best wishes and support as he leaves for Washington and thanks him for the frock coat and the beautiful wheat (1850 Sep 29)","Eleanor Briscoe Stuart writes concerning the settling of an estate (n.d.)","J.E.B. Stuart while at West Point, answers Alexander H. H. Stuart 's questions about the annuity left him by Uncle Chapman (1851 Dec 25); and writes concerning the opportunities in real estate in Kansas where he is now serving at Fort Leavenworth\n        (1857 Jan 28)","Oscar J.C. Stuart writes concerning Alexander H. H. Stuart 's bereavement, the genealogy of his father's family, particularly his grandfather, John Stockton, and comments on the state of Virginia politics (1859 August 8)","Isaac H. Sturgeon encloses newsclippings concerning the Labaume case (1852 Feb 4)","George William Summers (1804-1868) describes the death of their friend, Secretary of the Navy Thomas Walker Gilmer (1802-1844), who was killed by the bursting of a gun called \"the Peacemaker\" on board the U.S.S. Princeton on the Potomac River, near\n        Washington, D.C. and what the loss of Secretary of State Abel P. Upshur would mean in the negotiations over the Oregon Territory with the new minister from Great Britain; feels that the quality of this Congress is decidedly inferior to the last, and\n        his approval of Alexander H. H. Stuart 's articles in The Richmond Whig (1844 Feb 28); and comments extensively on the \"farce\" of the\n        Democratic-Locofoco nomination of James Polk for President (1844 May 30)","William T. Sutherlin regrets the error of the people of Virginia at not returning Alexander H. H. Stuart to office, although he was instrumental in restoring Virginia to the Union, Alexander H. H. Stuart was not elected to public office in 1870 (1870\n        Nov 9); refers to the speech by William Mahone as a \"campaign document\" in favor of his Virginia policy and against the free Railroad Law, his desire to get rid of the obligation to build the Cumberland Gap Road and to make several other changes in the\n        Act of Consolidation, and expresses his low opinion of Mahone and his \"Radicals\" (1873 Apr 4)","[J.H. Tagart ?] insists that Alexander H. H. Stuart accept his invitation to \"eat a little Virginia venison with some Maryland canvass back ducks with an old friend\" (1852 Nov 28)","William H. Terrill asks that Alexander H. H. Stuart exchange autographs and photographs with him (1871 Nov 17)","Lucas P. Thompson writes that various persons have urged him to suggest to Alexander H. H. Stuart that his best chance of election is to join the Know Nothing Party and run as one of their candidates but hesitates because \"I entertain a prejudice not\n        so much against the principles or what are said to be the principles of the new party as the secrecy of their organization and action\" (1855 Jan 21)","Nicholas K. Trout, Senate of Virginia, addresses the re-adjustment of the public debt question with West Virginia and informs Alexander H. H. Stuart of the fate of several bills in the Legislature (1867 Jan 20)","Unidentified Letters include the following subjects: the failure to revive interest in an Act promoting a railroad from Staunton to Scottsville or the James River, the need to pursue the James River improvements, especially with the Louisa Railroad,\n        but has little hopes of resolution until the settlement of the Bank Bill which he discusses and discusses the selection of a site for the Deaf \u0026 Dumb Asylum (1839 Mar 1); the terrible disaster on the lower Mississippi claiming the life of B.B.\n        Stuart (1859 May 2); the editor of The Sandy Valley Advocate writes concerning the development of the great coal field in the Great Sandy Valley\n        of Kentucky and asks what the Kentucky Whigs should do in the present political crisis (1859 Aug 27); and a Civil War letter from Bristoe Station, Virginia, where a Confederate soldier sends home fifty dollars in care of Alexander H. H. Stuart ([1861\n        ?] Sep 12)","Upshur County Citizens asks that Alexander H. H. Stuart come and speak to them on the issues of the day and express their support for William Leftwich Goggin (1807-1870) for Governor of Virginia (1859 Apr 6)","Thomas Walter, Architect for the Extension of the U.S. Capitol, furnishes a report on the cost of the work during the residue of fiscal year (1851 Nov 6)","Washington College Literary Society requests Alexander H. H. Stuart to give a speech before the Society on July 2nd (1857 Apr 28)","John Watt asks if Alexander H. H. Stuart will send him a copy of the appendix published in connection with his report on John Brown 's raid on Harpers Ferry, containing extracts from the personal liberty bills passed by several of the Northern states\n        (1861 Dec 3)","Daniel Webster regrets that the information obtained in the Census Records is not particularly useful in answering Alexander H. H. Stuart 's questions about blind persons in the state of Virginia for the Virginia Institute for the Education of the\n        Blind but suggests that an agent of the Institute might be given access to the records to compile the necessary information (1842 Aug 2); introduces Fitzhenry Warren of the General Post Office (1850 Oct 2); and regrets that the President has decided he\n        cannot appoint Virginians to offices other than local offices (1851 Feb 8)","William J. Willey warns that \"Since the action of the Convention, handing the state of Virginia over to the Confederate states, without the knowledge or consent of the people, like a lot of horses or slaves, the excitement in N.W. Virginia, is\n        becoming most intense, and indeed, in some quarters, terrible...The clamor here for a division of the state is becoming loud and universal -I fear it will become uncontrollable\" (1861 May 7)","Robert Winthrop encloses a seal, with a mistaken superscription to \"Cha\" Winthrop by Dr. Stuart, belonging to his great-grandfather, John Winthrop, who was a Fellow of the Royal Society, discusses family genealogy and the motto on the seal and asks\n        him to take care of the seal while it is in his possession (1851 Apr 21); encloses a letter from Judge Thomas C. Manning (present) concerning the Mississippi Bonds question, and mentions Slater's Fund for educating the Freedmen (1882 Apr 28); regrets\n        not seeing Alexander H. H. Stuart at the meeting of the Peabody Education Fund of which both he and Alexander H. H. Stuart were Trustees, describes the meeting and discusses politics (1884 Oct 8); discusses the death of Jefferson Davis and his opinion\n        of the man (1889 Dec 16)","Henry Wise (1806-1876) offended at personal references in The Valley Virginian which gave a report on Alexander H. H. Stuart 's speech to the\n        Citizens of Augusta County, at Staunton, \"On the New Movement\" which claimed Governor Wise had opposed the work of Alexander H. H. Stuart and had worked closely with carpet-baggers, Wise asks Alexander H. H. Stuart if he had approved the report and was\n        it correct (1869 Feb 3); a copy of Alexander H. H. Stuart 's reply to Wise, in his speech he referred to, \"parties holding the most antagonistic opinions, and having the most diverse objects in view -one party desiring the adoption of the Underwood\n        Constitution, while the other was unalterably opposed to it -This while Governor Wells \u0026 his committee were assailing our proposition in Washington, Governor Wise \u0026 others, were attacking it at home -Thus extremes seem to meet, \u0026 the\n        singular spectacle was presented of Gov. Wells \u0026 Gov. Wise, who probably held no other opinion in common, pulling together as it were in the same team, in opposition to the scheme\" (1869 Feb 5); Wise reiterates his opposition to the \"New Movement\"\n        and opposes both Governor Wells and \"Negro Suffrage\" (1869 Feb 8)","R.N. Wood discusses members of the American Party recently elected to Congress and fears that unless they can unify the old Whigs with the \"American Organization\" Millard Fillmore will not be re-elected (1856 Apr 13)","*Unless otherwise noted the recipient of the letter is Alexander H.H. Stuart*","Positive copies of microfilms produced by The Library of Virginia"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.library.virginia.edu/policies/use-of-materials\"\u003e University of Virginia Library’s use policy.\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["See the  University of Virginia Library’s use policy."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n      "],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":298,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:31:56.027Z","scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of the additional papers of the Stuart and Baldwin families, chiefly Archibald Stuart (1757-1832) and Alexander H.H. Stuart (1807-1891), of Staunton, Virginia, ca. 1754-1921, ca. 800 items (4 Hollinger boxes, 1.5 linear feet),\n        including correspondence; financial and legal papers; printed items; microfilm; an architectural drawing; Civil War military papers of Captain George M. Cochran, Jr.; nineteenth century newsclippings; drafts of speeches by Alexander H.H. Stuart; land\n        grants signed by Virginia governors, including Beverley Randolph, Robert Brooke, John Floyd, and James Monroe; two engravings of Alexander H.H. Stuart; and papers regarding the settlement of the estate of Archibald Stuart . Since Alexander H.H. Stuart\n        was a prominent member of the Virginia Whig Party, there is considerable material in this collection concerning the Whig Party and Virginia politics.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eCORRESPONDENCE OF THE STUART-BALDWIN FAMILY -SUMMARIES (BOX 1)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Martha S. Baldwin forwards a letter to her husband General Briscoe Gerard Baldwin (d. 1852) from their daughter Mary Baldwin regarding her health (n.d.)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e James Barbour (1775-1842), Secretary of War, mentions an interview with [Henry] Clay concerning the participation of members of the administration in the political convention [of the National Republican Party ] and discusses his knowledge of the true\n        charges leveled against Andrew Jackson while in control of Louisiana during the War of 1812, Jackson's conflict with Louisiana Governor William Charles Claiborne and the Governor of Georgia, his refusal to obey the orders of President Monroe, his\n        denunciation of Madison, and his behavior as acting Governor of Florida (1827 Dec 16); Barbour also mentions his involvement in \"a controversy of mixed vexation,\" his retirement, \" and says, \" [John C.] Calhoun 's pamphlet is the final act in the drama\n        -and I apprehend the breach will become wider and wider\" (1831 Feb 19)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e G.A. Baxter, member of the Board of Visitors of Washington Academy, informs Archibald Stuart of his election to the Board, and explains why his resignation was errantly reported in their minutes (1807 Sep 29)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Robert Beverley discusses a possible land sale (1791 May 5); asks Archibald Stuart to attend to his properties near Staunton and make sure all back taxes are paid (1791 Nov 24); discusses land business and court matters (1791-1797); makes reference\n        to the slave revolt in the French colony of Haiti in the West Indies and the declaration of independence by Toussaint L'Ouverture (1743-1803), criticizing George Washington for his early acknowledgement of the French Republic, believing he acted\n        unconstitutionally, and expresses great confidence in the talents, integrity, and firmness of Mr. [John] Adams (1798 Dec 17)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e John Breckinridge writes business letters (1788 \u0026amp; 1790), his son, J.C. Breckinridge, asks for information from Archibald Stuart for a biographical essay about his father (1815 Apr 30)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Gerald Briscoe, [Jr.?] writes about a land dispute in \"Caintucke\" (all three letters, 1794-1796, n.d.)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Cuthbert Bullitt to Archibald Stuart and General John Brown discusses a suit involving Colonel Clendenning for lack of payment on a bond (1790 Jan 2); and the death of his brother, Thomas Bullitt, asking for a petition in the Legislature of Virginia\n        for their financial relief (1823 Dec 16)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Joseph C. Cabell refers to a pamphlet containing Mr. Madison's letter and an appendix establishing the point that the Tariff Policy is the true Republican doctrine; Cabell paid T.W. White, Richmond printer, for 3,000 copies and will have more printed\n        if necessary; claims that the opposition party is exerting every effort to destroy Madison's influence in the state (1829 Feb 24)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Arthur Campbell requests an investigation into the circumstances surrounding the sickness and death of the boy Charles H. Campbell; speaks of the opposition to the federal constitution and the value of the controversy over the amendments to point out\n        the real motives of those trying to keep Virginia and North Carolina from approving the Constitution (1789 Sep 2); discusses difficulties in obtaining land warrants due to the boundary dispute with Kentucky and refers to the petition to revise the\n        Virginia State Constitution opposed by the friends of [Patrick ?] Henry (1795 Sep 30); refers to Thomas Jefferson and the success of the \"friends of monarchy\" who won the late election for President, and the French Revolution (1797 Feb 20); and\n        mentions his desire that the land law in the Act of 1795 would be repealed or amended (1798 Dec 22)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e John Coalter discusses a debt against Mrs. Reid, and declares \"I have no hopes of the republic since New Jersey has proved recreant\" (1812 Nov 6)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e George Davis discusses legal and business matters (1792 Aug 17)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e R. Gamble discusses legal and business matters (1791-1800)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Hugh Holmes writes concerning the competition between Winchester and Staunton to be the branch of the Virginia Bank which he believes must be kept exclusively under a Republican direction; asks for Archibald Stuart to secure a loan for five hundred\n        dollars; discusses the rumor that merchants believe that the Eastern and Northern Tories have devised a stratagem to defeat the loan requested by the government to conduct the War of 1812 with Great Britain (1814 Mar 9); speaks of his pain from\n        numerous operations; the raids of the Tunisian corsairs upon British ships in the English Channel (1817 Jul 12); and the death of Mary, the daughter of Archibald's brother Alexander (1823 May 6)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e [Chapman ?] Johnson (1779-1849) sends a copy of a decree from the court of appeals in the case of [Doneghe ?] and Campbell to Archibald Stuart; sent a copy of Archibald Stuart 's letter about the seat of government to the Editor of \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Enquirer\u003c/title\u003e for publication; refers to the failure of their efforts to establish the University of Virginia and his belief that nothing will be done\n        for it this winter; the non-effect of political essays upon the public mind, and mention of \"the great James River project\" (1822 Mar 2)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e John Lewis to Dabney Carr notes \"my seeing Mr. Jefferson\" is very uncertain, and writes about the Mayo v Lewis lawsuit (1768 Jan 23)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e John Lewis to Thomas Jefferson writes regarding his lawsuit Mayo v Lewis, docketed in Thomas Jefferson 's hand (1772 Oct 4)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e J. Marshall speaks of the fickleness of political parties in reference to \"Zach.\" and refers to a business matter (n.d.)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e George Mathews (1739-1812) writes of his safe arrival in Georgia where he was asked to sit for election to political office (1791 Oct 10); and details concerning his dispute over a land sale in Virginia and his motive in accepting the office of\n        [Governor of Georgia?] (1794 Apr 4)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e James D. McCutchen to Joseph Janney writes concerning his inability to make his payment for land due to the drought, high feed costs and poor crops and his proposal to work out an alternative method of payment (1839 Mar 25)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Andrew Moore (1752-1821), elected to the first four Congresses, March 4, 1789-March 3, 1797, writes from New York and Philadelphia, sends copies of all laws passed, wages established at six dollars per day, set the budget for the staff of the\n        President and Vice-President, discusses office seekers, mentions that the amendments to the constitution are being conducted with a great deal of warmth, believes the amendments \"will quiet the public mind and remove in a great measure the opposition\n        to government\" (1789 Aug 12); asks for help in securing compensation for a slave who escaped into Pennsylvania and proved that he was a free black unjustly sold to Moore who was unaware of his status by a previous owner (1791 Nov 5); the preoccupation\n        of Congress with a bill fixing the rates of representation in Congress and the disputed election between General Anthony Wayne (1745-1796) and General James Jackson (1757-1806) before Congress (1792 Mar 15); his disappointment in the bill fixing the\n        ratio of representation and the decision made in the House concerning the contested election which declared the seat vacant (1792 Mar 26); discusses the resignation of Thomas Jefferson as Secretary of State who appeared determined never to enter public\n        life again, with the former Attorney General Edmund Randolph succeeding Jefferson as Secretary of State; mentions the great loss suffered by the country by Jefferson's resignation at this critical time and praises Jefferson highly; encloses a number of\n        resolutions introduced by Mr. Madison, the conflict over the payment of interest on the debt of the United States; cites Jefferson's opinion on the same subject; forwards copies of the correspondence between Thomas Jefferson and Citizen Edmond Charles\n        Genet and Jefferson's report on United States trade with Europe (1793 Jan 4); the attempt by Washington and Congress to have Citizen Genet recalled to France due to his insolent and insulting conduct (1793 Dec 8); the situation of the United States\n        becoming more and more critical due to the increase of British spoliation on American shipping, detaining our vessels, and alleging that an old law precluded the United States from Britain's West Indian ports; the purchase of flour and beef and the\n        chartering of United States vessels to transport it because the United States was bound by treaty to guarantee the French West Indies; Madison's resolutions; the empowerment of the President to impose an embargo on all shipping coming into American\n        ports; the arming of small vessels to use against the Algerians; a bill providing for the defence of our ports and harbors; the establishment of arsenals, and a resolution for the enlistment of 15,000 troops, with training during 24 days a year, and\n        the need for a direct tax to fund national defence (1794 Mar 14)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Garrett Peterson asks [Charles Anderson] Wickliffe for help in locating Archibald Stuart and buying a piece of land belonging to Archibald Stuart to make his title to his plantation more secure (1826 Jan 24, see Wickliffe's letter, 1826 Feb 26)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e William Preston to William Anderson seeking advice in a land claim controversy (1783 Jan 1)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e [Andrew Reid, Jr.] to Thomas J. Stuart writes a social letter to a friend (1807 Sep 5)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Alexander Farish Robertson Correspondence, chiefly with Philip Alexander Bruce concerning his history of the University of Virginia and especially the Honor System (1921)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e John Steele writes that the Governor [Henry Lee] has written Mr. White asking him to help Archibald Stuart investigate the High Sheriff for embezzlement (1792 Mar 5)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Robert Sterritt notifies Joseph Janney that he has secured a purchaser for Archibald Stuart 's plantation in Rockbridge County, James D. McCutchen, (1837 Jul 14, see also McCutchen 1839 Mar 25)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Eleanor Briscoe Stuart to Thomas J. Stuart concerning his studies and vacation while at Washington Academy (1806 Jan 24 \u0026amp; Mar 2) and to her mother, Mrs. Margaret Briscoe (1808 Feb 19)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Martha M. Stuart writes to her mother-in-law, Mrs. Eleanor (Briscoe) Stuart concerning family news (n.y. Apr 8)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e [Charles Anderson] Wickliffe (1788-1869) forwards a letter from Garrett Peterson to Archibald Stuart concerning a land sale (1826 Feb 26)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e William Wirt (1772-1834) asks Archibald Stuart to send his anecdote about Patrick Henry for his biography and to furnish the details just as it was originally told (1816 Aug 10)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eMISCELLANEOUS PAPERS OF THE STUART FAMILY (BOXES 1-2)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains an architectural drawing; an engraving of Alexander H.H. Stuart by Danforth, Baldwin \u0026amp; Company; financial and legal papers, including notification of Archibald Stuart 's appointment as a Presidential elector (1792 Nov 12);\n        insurance policies for Archibald Stuart 's barn, grist mill, saw mill, dwelling and kitchen (1811, 1812); Archibald Stuart 's appointment as a commissioner to collect money for a monument to George Washington (1817 Apr 4); stock certificates; accounts\n        and receipts; indentures; land plats; legal cases of both Archibald Stuart and Alexander H.H. Stuart; copies of wills of Alexander Stuart, Robert Stuart, Chapman J. Stuart, and Alexander H.H. Stuart; the military papers of Captain George M. Cochran,\n        Jr., Quartermaster, 52nd Virginian Infantry, Pegram's Brigade, Early's Division; the settlement of Archibald Stuart 's estate, and drafts of several speeches by Alexander H.H. Stuart, one protesting the increase in salary of the superintendent of the\n        Western Asylum because it would be disproportionate to all other salaries allowed by the state of Virginia, another declining the office of President of the branch of the Bank of the Valley and resigning his post as a member of the board, and a third\n        delivered at the fiftieth alumni reunion at the University of Virginia .\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eCORRESPONDENCE OF ALEXANDER H.H. STUART -SUMMARIES (BOXES 2-4)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eAbolitionist (Unidentified) writes a vitriolic letter denouncing slavery and slaveholders and promising his willing participation in the coming revolution to bring about complete democracy (1841 Jun 20)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e William H. Allen writes to Alexander H. H. Stuart while he was member of the House of Representatives (1841-1843) seeking his help in establishing a post office at Green Valley, Virginia; the closest one is at Cloverdale (n.y. May 13)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Appomattox County, Virginia, Rough \u0026amp; Ready Club requests Alexander H. H. Stuart to represent the Whig position on the upcoming Presidential election at their next political discussion (1848 Sep 7)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Henry Carey Baird requests a copy of Alexander H. H. Stuart 's recent address to use in his pamphlet concerning the farmers of the United States (1859 Nov 1)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e C[ornelius ?] C. Baldwin discusses his biographical sketch of his brother [Gerard ?] Baldwin which he hopes will appear in \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Richmond Whig\u003c/title\u003e\n        and asks Alexander H. H. Stuart for any comments or additions; he mentions his son, Briscoe G. Baldwin III, a year old and his oldest son, Charles Cornelius (1867 Jan 14)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e John B. Baldwin writes concerning business opportunities in Philadelphia ([1843? Jan 30]); Alexander H. H. Stuart 's appointment as Secretary of the Interior and the care of his former legal clients while he is in Washington, D.C. (1850 Sep 24); his\n        disappointment that Millard Fillmore was defeated for the presidential nomination as the Whig candidate; and as Winfield Scott supports the Whig platform without reserve his only objections to Scott as the Whig candidate lies in his great vanity and\n        his associations (1852 Jun 23); Brigadier General Robert Seldon Garnett (1819-1861), who served under General Taylor in the Mexican War, was proceeding to the region with 2500 men according to Alexander H. H. Stuart 's suggestions; and Baldwin believes\n        that the Convention will hardly be well attended (1861 Jun 8); reports that he is within musket range of the enemy who is building winter quarters and mentions the presence of Early's army coming towards [Richmond ?] (1864 Nov 18); writes about his\n        concern over the asylum releasing Briscoe as \"incurable but harmless\" (1869 Dec 5); and writes to Alexander H. H. Stuart concerning the sale of the \"gum tree lot,\" payment of taxes and an accident of Mayo Cabell; and believes his father may soon be\n        elected Judge ([ca. 1841-1843] Dec 6)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Joseph G. Baldwin writes his cousin concerning his plan to move to California for the opportunities there (1849 Mar 2); a long jesting letter congratulating Alexander H. H. Stuart on his appointment to be Secretary of the Interior and including\n        family news (1850 Sep 27); and describes San Francisco where he has just opened his law practice (1854 Sep 15)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e I.L. Barbour, President of the Orange and Alexandria Rail Road Company, writes that he is unable to comply with his financial request (1866 Dec 11)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e A.W. Barton urges Alexander H. H. Stuart to help defeat the [ Virginia Reform ?] Convention, \"The tremendous opposition to the mixed basis beyond the Alleghany -the indifference upon the whole subject in the valley counties and some division east of\n        the Blue Ridge will enable us to do it\" (1850 Apr 22)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e S.S. Baxter recommends William D. Delany as Inspector of the Custom House in Norfolk (1851 Nov 24)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Thomas Hart Benton (1782-1838) writes concerning the Brazeau claimants attempts to get Alexander H. H. Stuart to re-open the case he decided last summer and asks him to leave questions about the decision up to the judiciary ([ca. 1851-1853])\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Berford \u0026amp; Company, California Express Office, reports a great dissatisfaction of their customers and fellow California Whigs with the appointment of Mr. Beall as Superintendent of Indian Affairs (1852 Apr 12)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Dr. Edmund Berkeley voices his concern over the increase in smallpox cases and attributes the cause to the lack of a vaccine agent in western and central Virginia and suggests Staunton as a likely location for such an agent and offering himself as a\n        candidate (1837 Jan 20)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e James B. Bingham, editor of \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Intelligencer,\u003c/title\u003e discusses politics in Wheeling, [West] Virginia, and his concern that both the Democrats and\n        Republicans are pulling votes away from the Whig Party (1859 Sep 28)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e David Alexander Bokee (1805-1860) discusses national politics and urges Alexander H. H. Stuart and other conservatives not to make any arrangements with the Republicans preliminary to the organization of the House; refers to the \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eNew York Times\u003c/title\u003e article quoting a correspondent from Ohio who believes \"the South is beginning to prepare the way for union with the Republicans as\n        such in 1860\"; and asks Alexander H. H. Stuart to support the efforts of conservatives of the North \"to induce the Republican Party to abandon `its distinct organization' founded as it is `on foolish abstractions\" (1859 Oct 24)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Patrick Brady 's letters, from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, all discuss various aspects of his suit against Daniel Brady, including his stolen ledger which later appears to have been altered, his demand for the deed to the Bath Iron Works, and\n        questions about ultimate settlement (1857, 1867-1869)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Mary Louisa Brooks writes whimsically about how much she misses Washington, D.C., and how unattractive she finds New York City \"this huge temple of Mammon\" (n.y. Mar 18)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Alexander S. Brown writes his cousin Alexander H. H. Stuart concerning business and family matters (1857-1858)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Joseph Rodes Buchanan asks Alexander H. H. Stuart to attend the National Democratic Convention to be held on May 7, 1867, in Louisville, Kentucky, discussed in an enclosed editorial from The Louisville Journal which was recently identified with the\n        Democratic Party; the Convention to be composed of the leading men of the Northern Democracy and leading men of the South to secure cooperation between the two groups, \"which is now our only hope\" (1867 Feb 28)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e John C. Bullitt, Patrick Brady 's council in Philadelphia, asks when the first remittance of the Brady v. Brady settlement will arrive (1871 Oct 28)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e William M. Burwell draws Alexander H. H. Stuart 's attention to the political aspects of the negotiations over the Isthmus of Tehuantepec as a quicker route to the western states (1852 Jul 23)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e J.S. Calvert furnishes a financial summary for Alexander H. H. Stuart (1868 Jan 21)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Samuel D. Campbell asks for help in getting payment for his brother William Campbell who worked to get depositions for Catherine Crider in Wardlaw v. Crider (1830 Nov 30)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Lewis Cass (1782-1866) discusses two appointments with Alexander H. H. Stuart acceptable to the Whig Party (1852 Jul 20)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e John H. Cassin asks Alexander H. H. Stuart to visit their county and address them concerning the political questions of the day (1859 Apr 13)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Katherine Chase discusses the circumstances surrounding her divorce from Mr. William Sprague (1883 Mar 18)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e H. Chrisman offers to purchase real estate or other goods for Alexander H. H. Stuart on his trips west if he wishes (Dec 7, 1855)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Bolivar Christian sends a copy of the Confederate Acts and discusses the problems of setting up the new Confederate Congress (1862 Jan 18)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e C.M. Conrad writes concerning Alexander H. H. Stuart 's order for a cask of table claret wine from New Orleans (1855 Apr 3)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e William Wilson Corcoran says he will be happy to have a copy of the proceedings of the Peabody Board and hopes to see him soon (1855 Oct 23)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Thomas Corwin (1794-1865) a letter of introduction for [Calhoun Benham], U.S. Attorney for California (1853 Jul 10)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e J.A. Cowardin, Editor of \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Daily Dispatch,\u003c/title\u003e letter of introduction from L.A. Trigg, and a discussion of the Readjuster controversy, and\n        William Mahone, and says \"I do not think Mr. Hunter will suit these times. We want an aggressive man, one who is bold and sagacious too. I think General [James Lawson] Kemper is that man\" (1873 Feb 14)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e John Jordan Crittenden (1786-1863) writes a letter of introduction for his friend Samuel Casey (1851 Sep 26)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Claudius Crozet writes concerning the Northwest Turnpike and asks if Alexander H. H. Stuart feels that Mr. Eskridge is capable of opening the road himself (1838 Jun 1)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eRector E.A. Dalrymple 's recommendation of Thomas B. Edelin (1852 Jul 15)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e John W. Daniel (1842-1910) does not approve of the Readjuster policies, \"I am firm against repudatum alias enforced readjustment alias stealing. I believe in the Decalogue, and of course in repressing thieves, by whatsoever name they are called\"\n        (1877 Jul 18)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e J.D. Davidson sends the election results for Rockbridge County (1851 Dec 10) and encloses a check for a claim against Seaforth (1852 Jan 2)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Garrett Davis (1801-1872) discusses a power shift in the House of Representatives away from [John C.] Calhoun toward [Thomas Hart?] Benton who \"will be the dictator this winter \u0026amp; will wield more power than all others together\"; mentions the\n        numerous job seekers wandering the halls of Congress like unclean birds; discusses the hopes of the Whig Party to gain the Presidency next election and mentions possible opponents and weighs their respective threat to the chances of the Whig candidate;\n        and the need for much organization and work to succeed in the next election (1843 Dec 13); a long and detailed description of the difficulty during the extra session of the 27th Congress in organizing the House caused by the opposition of the Democrats\n        and the division in the Whig Party (1845 Dec 16); the third letter discusses business questions; congratulates Alexander H. H. Stuart on his appointment to be Secretary of the Interior; expresses his appreciation for Millard Fillmore; and comments\n        about South Carolina, \" South Carolina is a little beside herself, but I believe it is the insanity of ambition pride \u0026amp; arrogance thwarted, and that a good sound drubbing would be an infallible cure.\" (1851 Jan 28)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e George M. Davis thanks Alexander H. H. Stuart for giving his son Carey Davis a job as a clerk in the Pension Office (1851 Jul 27)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e William Wallace Davis, editor of \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe District Whig\u003c/title\u003e discusses politics in Norfolk and the loss of the election to the Democrats despite his own\n        efforts to visit various Whigs and get them to the polls on Election Day (1851 Oct 2)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e William Crosby Dawson (1798-1856), Georgia Senator, asks Alexander H. H. Stuart not to fill a vacancy in the General Land Office until he could speak with him (1852 Jul 28)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Horace H. Day discusses the charges brought against the Commissioner of Patents, Mr. Thomas Ewbanks (1792-1870) saying his official conduct has been one-sided, partial, and not in accordance with the rules and laws of the Patent Office (1851 Feb 7)\n        and asking if the New York papers have correctly reported Alexander H. H. Stuart 's comments about the charges (1851 Mar 12)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Wills De Hass (1818?-1910) sends a copy of his \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eHistory of Western Virginia\u003c/title\u003e (1851 Jul 24); wants Alexander H. H. Stuart to be a candidate for\n        Vice-President (1851 Oct 6); voices concerns over his application for a consulship or another office (1852 Jun 1 \u0026amp; Oct 18); two letters furnish private details of the Baltimore Convention (1852 Jun 20); and hopes for a position in the Maryland\n        Historical Society (1853 Feb 16)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e William D. Delany tries to enlist Stuart's aid in securing the office of Inspector of the Custom House at Norfolk (1851 Nov 25) or the Postmaster office at Norfolk (1852 Sep 29)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Charles Devens, Jr., U.S. Marshal, Boston, letter introducing General John S. Tyler (1852 May 24)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Samuel Dickson writes concerning the Patrick Brady v Daniel C.E. Brady suit for $ 50,000 growing out of the dissolving of a partnership in 1857; and describes the Bath Iron Works and Buffalo Forge property (1867 Apr 24)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e D[orothea] L[ynde] Dix (1802-1887) writes six letters to Alexander H. H. Stuart concerning the establishment of a first class hospital in Washington, D.C. and seeks the aid of Captain Randolph in the Legislature of [Virginia ?] ([ca. 1851-1853])\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e James B. Dorman writes that the Whigs of Rockbridge unanimously desire the nomination of Millard Fillmore as President; believes the hostility to Fillmore stems from his approval of the Compromise of 1850 and his \"fidelity to the Constitutional\n        rights of the South\"; and many Whigs object strongly to General Winfield Scott 's Roman Catholic affinities (1852 Jun 7)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e John Doyle writes that he has recommended Alexander H. H. Stuart to the prominent Whigs in Pennsylvania as the best choice for nomination to the Vice-Presidency while he favors Fillmore for the Presidency over Scott (1851 Sep 20); his concern over\n        the imminent split in the Whig Party of Lexington, Virginia (1852 Dec 4); his son, R.L. Doyle, writes concerning their Alum Springs property containing iron deposits and several mineral springs and asks the aid of Alexander H. H. Stuart in securing a\n        loan to convert their property into a viable health resort (1853 Jan 7)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e G.G. Dyer defends his change of political parties from Whig to Democratic based on his open support of the Tariff and the United States Bank and extols the virtue of the new state of Iowa which he describes as a land of beauty and opportunity (1851\n        Sep 27)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e J.L. Edwards, Pension Office, discusses the claims of the descendants of Colonel Alexander McClanahan to land based on his Revolutionary War service, with the Committee of Safety for the Colony of Virginia form appointing Alexander McClanahan to Lt.\n        Col. of the 7th Regiment of Regular Forces attached (1776 Feb 29 \u0026amp; 1843 May 19)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Vespasian Ellis discusses the plan of organization adopted at the National Council where a Committee of 13 was appointed to take the general charge of the interests of the American Party which was presented to the Council by himself; the plan was\n        adopted unanimously but the Chairman E. Brooks received the credit for the plan; he suggested that Alexander H. H. Stuart would be a good person from Virginia to be on the Central Committee of 13; mentions the efforts of Baldwin of Connecticut and\n        others to \"free soilize\" the party platform and the fact that he opposed and defeated the plan was suppressed in the report on the proceedings in the \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eLouisville Journal\u003c/title\u003e (1857 Jun 10)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Erie Railroad Company Board of Directors offers to Alexander H. H. Stuart free use of the railroad as member of the Cabinet (1851 Jul 12)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Edward Everett (1794-1865), Secretary of State, regrets he will not be able to dine with Alexander H. H. Stuart due to personal illness (1852 Dec 20); and informs Alexander H. H. Stuart that General Franklin Pierce wishes for him to continue to act\n        as Secretary of the Interior until his successor is appointed (1853 Feb 26)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Charles James Faulkner (1806-1884) thanks him for his interest in James E. Stewart (1852 Aug 25)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Millard Fillmore letters to Alexander H. H. Stuart -address the question of his feelings toward the South, \"I disclaim most unequivocally now and forever any desire on my part to interfere with the rights on what is termed the property of citizens of\n        other states\" and encloses a copy of the leading [Lewis] Cass paper in the state showing that Fillmore was denounced at the recent anti-slavery convention at Worcester along with Cass and Taylor (1848 Jul 5); excuses Alexander H. H. Stuart from the\n        Cabinet meeting due to the death of Judge Baldwin (1852 May 19); authorizes Alexander H. H. Stuart to take on the duties of the Secretary of the Navy until his return (1852 Sep 25); thanks him for his letter of condolence upon the death of his wife,\n        Abigail Powers on March 30, 1853 (1853 Jul 11); attempts to make arrangements for a Southern tour in the spring, and says, \"This Nebraska matter presents a new phase to things in Washington . But is it wise for the South to set the example repealing\n        the Compromise of 1820 ? If one compromise be disregarded will not another be, and will not the South in the end be left to the tender mercy of Northern fanaticism with an overwhelming numerical majority ?\" (1854 Feb 9); observes that with the latest\n        election it appears that the Whig Party has split into two factions, with the abolitionists joining the [Republicans ?] and the rest joining the American Party of Know Nothings and refers to the nomination of Henry Alexander Wise for Governor and his\n        denunciation of the Know Nothings (1854 Dec 14); and informs Alexander H. H. Stuart that Granger will try to meet him in Washington this winter and mentions the efforts of his friends to unite the national elements opposed to the present federal\n        administration into an American Union Party (1854 Dec 22)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Millard Fillmore to Daniel Webster sends John P. Scott over to see Webster concerning a position in the State Department in Londonderry, Ireland, now held by an appointee of President Tyler and says he will go along with whatever Webster wants (1851\n        Apr 2)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Edward H. Fitzhugh refers to the Bridge case in the Wheeling court (1850 Mar 25) *see newsclippings in Box 2*\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e E[dmund] Fontaine, Virginia Central Railroad Company, concerning his barley which has been at Waynesboro for some time prior to his letter (1859 Mar 25)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e John S. Gallagher discusses the bestowal of advertising patronage by the federal government (1851 Jul 19); the suitability of Shannondale for a military asylum (1851 Aug 4); encloses a letter from William P. Buford, soliciting Alexander H. H. Stuart\n        's influence to get Mr. Buford's son appointed to a cadetship at West Point (1851 Nov 13); his examination of the controversy about the post office in Winchester and his advice not to remove Milton (1852 Jan 9); encloses letters (not present) from\n        friends desiring positions with the government (1852 Jan 16); introduces Colonel Joseph K. Hartwell (1852 Mar 10); recommends General [James] Singleton for the government position in New Mexico (1852 May 7); and asks for a copy of a letter from the\n        Commissioner of Patents to Dr. James Blake of California (1852 Jul 2).\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Robert H. Gallagher, Bank of the Union, Washington asks that part of the Census Fund and the Pension Fund be deposited with him (1851 Dec 9; 1852 Sep 2)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Alexander Galt concerning his position as Postmaster at Norfolk (1851 Jul 31)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e J. Garland 's letter of introduction for his relative, Alexander B. Garland (1853 Feb 2)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e William H. Garland requests the position of treasurer of the mint at New Orleans (1850 Oct 29) and writes concerning the outrage committed by the authorities of Cuba on the Crescent City [New Orleans ?] (1852 Oct 7)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e William Garnett, Collector Custom House, Norfolk, Virginia, concerning the effort being made to remove him from the Custom House (1851 Nov 18 \u0026amp; 1852 Aug 11)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e George Washington's Birthday Celebration Committee, Rome, Georgia, requesting Alexander H. H. Stuart 's presence at their celebration and commenting, \"The Southern people are terribly oppressed, but are disposed to preserve their manhood untarnished\n        preferring to submit for a while to military despotism rather than to the ruin and degradation of radical rule and negro supremacy\" (1868 Feb 11)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e R.T. Gibson 's letters are all concerning his futile attempts to secure the position of naval officer at the port of Savannah (1851-1852)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e W.M. Gilliam sends Alexander H. H. Stuart 's horse to Washington by Mr. Brent (1852 Mar 15)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e T.H. Gilmer seeks more appointments for people from Virginia from the Whig administration (1850 Sep 27)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Thomas W. Gilmer writes that he is sorry that Alexander H. H. Stuart has been involved in controversy, mentions \"old [James Iver ?] McKay \" as chairman of the Ways \u0026amp; Means Committee, and believes that Texas will come into the Union as fast as it\n        can (1843 Dec 13)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e W.W. Gilmer approves Alexander H. H. Stuart 's stand on the National Bank but is not so fond of the election of [Walter ?] Coles (1841 Apr 15)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e William L. Goggin (1807-1870) his disappointment over his brother's failure to secure a position, the possibility of getting the postmastership at Sacramento City, and his declaration, \"I am a Union man and I have long thought this should be the\n        great issue (irrespective of old party associations) the Union or its Dissolution -God grant it may be perpetual -I repudiate utter fanaticism North or South\" (1850 Nov 3); and asks Alexander H. H. Stuart to remove his letter from the files of the War\n        Department requesting an appointment as Visitor to West Point (1852 Mar 10)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e G. Goldenberg sends two printed pamphlets (present) entitled \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eObservations Sur La Maladie Des Pommes De Terre\u003c/title\u003e in French and a copy in German,\n        presenting his treatise on the Potato Disease (1849 Feb 2)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e J.T. Gordon explains being detained in the lieu d'aisance while reading Senator [William McKendree] Gwin 's attack on the Administration (1852 Jul 9)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Willis Arnold Gorman (1816-1876) agrees to a resolution to supply the heads of Departments with copies of the [Presidential Message ?] and accompanying documents (1852 Dec 14)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e J. Thompson Graham solicits money for the American Emigrant's Friend Society whose object is to \"afford protection from fraud, imposition \u0026amp; extortion to all foreign immigrants of whatever class, nation or creed, and procure for them situations\n        free of charge.\" (1852 Oct 24)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e William A. Graham (1804-1875), Secretary of the Navy, concerning the applications of various persons for assistance or for government positions such as the Virginian Mr. Chapman for purser in the Navy, a term of shore duty for Purser Forrest of the\n        U.S.S. Ohio, David Taylor of North Carolina prosecuting a claim in the Indian Bureau, the application of William E. Hopkins for a commission upon the frigate Cumberland, the appointment of Tobias Wolfe as Naval Storekeeper at Memphis, the application\n        of Commander John Rudd for a command in the Mediterranean Squadron, and inquires about the circumstances surrounding the death of James H. Norwood, Indian Agent, who was killed at Sergeants Bluff on the Missouri River (1850-1852)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Horace Greeley (1811-1872) discusses the advantages of his new \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eWhig Almanac\u003c/title\u003e which he sends to Alexander H. H. Stuart, \"I have endeavored in\n        this Almanac to condense into a single view the essential characteristics of the two great antagonist parties which now so evenly divide the country. I think this view, if generally circulated, will exert a salutary influence on the formation of\n        political sentiment in our country and that this may be felt, even in the approaching Presidential contest.\" (1852 Jan 25)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e F. Gremger asks Alexander H. H. Stuart to visit the State Agricultural Fair of New York (1851 Sep 3)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e William Grever asks Stuart to loan him enough money to pay off James J. Trotter in return for a deed of trust upon all his property (1850 Oct 3)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Benjamin Edwards Grey supplies a testimonial for John B. Temple and explains why he is willing to recommend Colonel Irwin to a clerkship (1852 Mar 17)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e George G. Grove asking for his distributive share of the funds of the B. Buler estate (1851 Oct 12)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Francis Grund asks for copies of Alexander H. H. Stuart 's Report for \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe New York Herald\u003c/title\u003e and other newspapers (1851)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Hiland Hall (1795-1885) suggests that Judge Thornton's name should precede Mr. W[?]'s in the Secretary's instructions (1851 Sep 20)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Nathan Kelsey Hall (1810-1874) invites Alexander H. H. Stuart to Buffalo for a little reception for President Fillmore at the conclusion of his term and asks him to convince William A. Graham to attend as well (1853 Jan 5); and writes about Fillmore\n        wondering if the remaining Fillmore Cabinet members would attend a reunion at Buffalo (1871 Jan 5)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e J.K. Hanson encloses a letter from Hugh W. Sheffey referring to the bounty land warrant of his cousin Celly (1852 Apr 3)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e J. Hardesty, President of the Rough and Ready Club of Rockingham County, which procured a silver pitcher to be presented to Alexander H. H. Stuart as a tribute (1848 Oct 25)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Kenton Harper writes enclosing the wills of Alex Grove and Lewis K Terrill and their effects from Camp Buena Vista following the Mexican War (1847 Dec 13); congratulates Alexander H. H. Stuart on his appointment as Secretary of the Interior (1850 Sep\n        14); mentions his service as commandant of the Port of Parras in the Mexican War (1850 Sep 30); discusses his appointment to the Chickasaw Indian Agency (1851 Mar 18); his report concerning affairs at the Chickasaw Agency and his concern that there are\n        many white persons living in the Agency without regular permission (1851 Sep 15); concern over the run-down condition of the Agency farm and house, cost of hiring \"a negro woman who belongs to an Indian,\" and the probability that he will only stay for\n        one year (1851 Sep 15); encloses a copy of his letter to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, L. Lea, about purchasing farming implements for \"the Caddos\" and asks Alexander H. H. Stuart 's influence to have his son, George K. Harper, appointed agent\n        for the purchase (1851 Sep 22); the complaints from the Chickasaws about the wild tribes trespassing upon their territory, a recent visit from the chief of the Caddos, George Washington, who said that his tribe had been driven out of Texas, and brought\n        up to this country by his father, Chief Chonena, who asked for and received a strip of land on the Washita from the General Council of the Choctaws, producing a certificate signed by George Folsom, one of the Choctaw District Chiefs, to prove what he\n        said. The Chief also said that General Armstrong had promised them farming implements and other tools so they could settle down on the land allotted to them by the Choctaws, in a group of about 300 to 400. An eleven year old Mexican girl rescued from\n        Indian captivity was left in his care by his predecessor, Colonel Long and he asks what is to be done with her (1851 Sep 22); and his investigation of charges of a wagonload of liquor being brought into the Indian Territory for sale (1851 Oct 5).\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e J. Morrison Harris, Maryland Historical Society, informs Alexander H. H. Stuart of his honorary membership (1850 May 20)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Judge N. Harrison, Salt Sulphur Springs, Monroe County, West Virginia, writes concerning several suits in his court and business matters involving Alexander H. H. Stuart ([1869] Sep 3)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Solomon George Haven (1810-1861) hopes that Alexander H. H. Stuart will make a great impact in politics in the Old Dominion, and remarks about his own area, \"I cannot tell you much of politics in this section [of New York ], there is almost a torpor.\n        I have no choice between the democrats and the Republicans. The former is made up of the foreign votes here \u0026amp; the latter partly in the same way and partly of the very dishonest men amongst our native born citizens. The Americans have a most worthy\n        state ticket in this State... Today the chances are in favor of the Republicans carrying the state but the battle has yet got to be set in array before results can be foretold. Perhaps the result of the struggle in Kansas and a full opening of Congress\n        is necessary to give any form whatever, to the future\" (1857 Oct 8).\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e A.M. Hay, his cousin, discusses the loss of her husband and the death of Alexander H. H. Stuart 's father, her plans to join her sister Mary in Athens, Greece, to help her run a boarding house for the upper class Greek girls attending the mission\n        school, and requests Alexander H. H. Stuart 's aid in securing letters of introduction from Mr. Webster to the various consuls at ports of call along the way (1852 Aug 25)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e T.S. Haymond explains the causes of the defeat of the Whig candidate for Governor of Virginia, George William Summers (1804-1868) in the recent election, in his area of Virginia, the northwestern section of the state [ Monongalia County, West\n        Virginia ?] (1851 Dec 20)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Isaac Hazlehurst asks that Alexander H. H. Stuart send him copies of his articles signed \"Madison\" in reference to the American question (1857 Jun 24)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Richard H. Henderson, Virginia Colonization Society, refers to the \"true policy of Virginia to keep down the free colored population of the state: that her legislature originated the scheme for colonizing this population beyond the borders of the\n        United States; that appropriations have been well received by the people\" and recommends extending the act to those slaves set free by wills; and \"The prohibitions as to the admission of free blacks in the non- slaveholding states are well known; and,\n        should the other southwestern states follow the example set them by Mississippi as they soon will, either a channel must be opened through which this population may flow off to Africa, or it will increase amongst us to a most mischievous extent.\" (1837\n        Oct 28)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eProfessor Joseph Henry, Smithsonian Institute, letter of introduction for Mr. F. [Bonynge] the author of a work on the culture of tea and indigo in the United States (1852 Aug 4)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Britton A. Hill writes enclosing his newspaper articles defending Alexander H. H. Stuart 's decision in the Labeaume land grant case which was attacked in \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe St. Louis Republican\u003c/title\u003e by the claimant Maguire (1852 Feb 6 \u0026amp; 9)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e William L. Hodge encloses a newsclipping about the decision of Millard Fillmore not to be a candidate for the Presidency and how much such a declaration will injure Fillmore and the party (1852 Jan 20)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e J.E. Holmes asks Alexander H. H. Stuart to recommend to the President that he increase the salary of District Judge Hoffman in San Francisco, California, lest he leave and an inferior officer replace him (1851 Oct 25)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eRev. Samuel Rutherford Houston to Dr. John J. Moorman seeking Alexander H. H. Stuart 's influence to have him appointed Principal of the Institution for the Deaf and Dumb in Staunton, Virginia (1852 Feb 24)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e M.U. Houston both letters discuss the Wheeling Bridge case in which a suit was brought alleging that the Wheeling Bridge was not suitable for railroad purposes and Alexander H. H. Stuart 's role in the matter (1850 Mar 16 \u0026amp; Jun 8)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Benjamin Chew Howard refers to the Wheeling Bridge case and asks if Alexander H. H. Stuart wishes his brief to be inserted in his argument (1852 Jul 30)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Robert Hull acknowledges the receipt of a check which makes them even and encloses a graphic and highly complimentary sketch of Mr. Alexander H. H. Stuart from a Boston paper (1851 Oct 3)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Andrew Hunter writes about the \"Beeler Case\" and wishes to receive his administration fee now in Alexander H. H. Stuart 's hands (1851 Nov 27); and comments on his grief that Jefferson County has elected two Democrats to the Legislature, mentions\n        other items about local Virginia politics, and the dissatisfaction of the voters at Harpers Ferry due to certain army regulations (1851 Nov 27 \u0026amp; Dec 9)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e R.M.T. Hunter (1809-1887) asks Alexander H. H. Stuart to send an estimate of the expense of the wings of the Capitol to be included in the Civil and Diplomatic Bill (1852 Feb 3)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e John Daniel Imboden (1823-1895) writes concerning the suit of Daniel Mosby against Thomas Johnson and Thomas Turk over possession of a tract of land and asks if Alexander H. H. Stuart has made any arrangements for someone to take over his legal cases\n        (1850 Sep 23); his introduction of a series of land resolutions concerning the distribution of the proceeds from the sale of public lands approved by an act of Congress on September 4, 1841, and the possible use of such funds for the purpose of\n        education, and asks Alexander H. H. Stuart to get a clerk to make a brief statement as to what appropriations of land have been made for educational and internal improvements, to what states, when, and for what specific objects, has hopes of carrying\n        the Central Railroad this session along with other internal improvements, the great excitement over the next Presidential election with Millard Fillmore being the choice of the Virginia Whigs with Alexander H. H. Stuart being mentioned as the\n        Vice-Presidential candidate (1852 Jan 31); writes again concerning the great Central line of improvement through Virginia, especially a proposition to construct a railroad from Covington to the Ohio River on state account and asks if he can negotiate\n        the sale of stock in London or New York (1853 Jan 22)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Joseph K. Irving, San Francisco, writes through W.D. Fair, praising the fidelity of James M. Crane, editor of \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe California Courier,\u003c/title\u003e to Whig\n        principles and doctrines, discusses \"the gross frauds and outrageous wrongs inflicted and committed by the [Locofocos], in the matter of the contested seats\" (1851 Mar 4); and introduces Dr. Wozencraft, California Indian agent (1852 Nov 30)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e G.W. Israel asks for a donation for a seminary to train teachers of moderate circumstances to educate the lower classes (1853 Feb 8)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e S.D. Jacobs refers to changes of mail routes proposed by R.G. Harmon (1851 Nov 13)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e John Janney (1798-1872) writes concerning the necessity of resigning his position, as the Commissioner to West Virginia, due to his poor eyesight, unless the Legislature decides to settle the state debt question by agreeing to pay two-thirds of the\n        debt and repudiating the balance, leaving the creditors of the state of Virginia to look to West Virginia for the residue (1866-1867)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e G.N. Johnson concerning the legal case of the Bank of the United States vs Samuel Leake (1840 May 14)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e R.[G.] Johnson writes about postponing the argument in a legal case, \"the only question to be argued in the brief case, is, whether the act of Congress does not legalize the Brief\" (1850-1853 all about this case)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e William B. Kayser notifies Alexander H. H. Stuart that Dr. Hall has received payment through the Finley estate and has remitted five hundred dollars to Alexander H. H. Stuart drawn on the Bank of Winchester (1852 Sep 24)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e John P. Kennedy (1795-1870) tries to secure a clerkship for a friend, Mr. Ridgate (1850 Sep 18); regards \"every man now who places the Compromise [of 1850 ?] in the front of his creed a good and true Whig -and every convert to the Administration on\n        that ground a new recruit to the standard of Whig principles\" (1851 Apr 17); arrangements made for the ceremony connected with the committee on the Inauguration of the Statue (1853 Jan 7); attempts to persuade Alexander H. H. Stuart to accompany\n        himself and Mr. Millard Fillmore on a trip south to Richmond, Charleston, Savannah, and then on to Cuba, West Indies, New Orleans and thence to Kentucky and home (1854 Feb 13)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Joseph C.G. Kennedy, Census Office, writes about various properties (1847 Jun 17); recommends that Mr. Hall be sent to Richmond to retake the census for that city (1851 Apr 2); mentions Alexander H. H. Stuart 's election to the National Institute\n        (1851 Apr 8); beginning in May of 1851, he writes six letters during his trip to Europe to study the European use of statistics and their use in legislation, the census, and agricultural production; visits the Statistical Society of London and\n        discusses the ratio of representation, fractions, and population (1851 Jun 3); visits the President of the Board of Trade to get information on the true basis of statistical knowledge (1851 Jun 10); urged to stay and address the British Association for\n        the Promotion of Science of which Prince Albert was President, his visits to some of the foremost statistical men connected to British government offices and other nations such as Prussia, France, and Belgium (1851 Jun 23); his description of Berlin\n        and Wittenberg, recommendation that a Bureau of Agriculture \u0026amp; Statistics be created along the lines of those in France and Belgium, prediction that America will march to a degree of honor and prosperity that will far exceed any of the old world\n        (1851 Aug 7); on recommendation of Baron Humboldt he plans to visit Vienna (1851 Aug 17); at home, the mania for rail and plank roads, political news of Pennsylvania, and his expectation that the Scott Whigs will carry the Presidency (1852 Oct 16);\n        discusses the political race between Scott and Harrison in the region of Pittsburgh ([?] Oct 12)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Kent Lumber Company concerning the payment of drafts incurred by federal agencies (1852 Oct 27)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Andrew W. Kercheval with a genealogical inquiry about James Wood, a Revolutionary General and Virginia Governor (1867 Feb 14)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e William Kerr seeking whiskey patronage (1851 Nov 14)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Samuel D. King about California affairs, blames the Whig government for neglecting the state and predicts bad consequences for the upcoming election (1851 Jul 14)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Jefferson Kinney all three letters deal with business matters such as the sale of Alexander H. H. Stuart 's lots in Staunton for a railroad passenger depot and possible benefits to the town from the railroad (1852)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Nicholas Kinney refers to the speech of [Mr. Nathaniel Pitcher Tallmadge ?] concerning the Bankruptcy Bill, the Locofocos, his disappointment with his friend [ Thomas Walker?] Gilmer, the conversion of David W. Patteson, who is a possible candidate\n        for Congress, to Methodism (1841 Sep 3); sends a copy of letter from the Rev. B.M. Smith concerning a rumor that Alexander H. H. Stuart contradicted his statement about Dr. Ticknor's qualifications as assistant physician at the Asylum (1851 Feb 18\n        \u0026amp; 26); the strong position of the Whig party at present (1851 Feb 26)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e R.H. Kinney asks Alexander H. H. Stuart to pursue the military claim of the heirs of Dr. Roberts (1841 Jun 25)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e William Kinney reports on several court cases and discusses political appointments, especially Mr. Hagarty for the Liverpool consulate, and Alexander H. H. Stuart 's vote to rescind the 21 rule (1841 Jun 13); complains about the behavior of the Whig\n        Congress so far, discusses Alexander H. H. Stuart 's outline of his plan of operations for this session and not fixing the ratio of representation under the new census for the next Congress, his fear that the Locofocos will gain influence in the\n        Virginia State Legislature, the resignation of \"Extra Billy\" [Governor William Smith ] from his seat in the Senate and his hopes that the House of Representatives would give the seat to Extra \"for really I consider him a great nuisance in the Senate,\"\n        believes that Webster's objections to the appointment of Hagarty to the consulate of Liverpool not valid as he [wrongly !] thinks Nicholas Trist was born in Louisiana and is not a Virginian, and discusses his [Kentz?] suit at length (1841 Jun 23);\n        argues that the success of the suit of Porterfield vs Clark hinges on proving that the country in question belonged to the Cherokees in 1779, found out that Silas E. Burrows is the favorite of Webster for the Liverpool consulate, while the leading\n        merchants of New York favor Hagarty, and says Tucker will accept the professorship of law on condition that they will let him reside out of the precincts of the University [of Virginia] (1841 Jul 22); reports that they have just finished the battle for\n        Speaker of the Virginia Legislature with the election of [Valentine Wood] Southall considered a Whig victory, \"we had a long, I cannot say very able or palatable message from the accidental Gov. of Virginia -coming into office as he did, he ought to\n        have been modest\" (1841 Dec 6); notes that the introduction of a batch of Federal resolutions into the House have alarmed the Locofocos, especially the one urging the repeal of the Distribution Act, which is popular in the Western part of the state,\n        and discusses the prospects of several men for the Governorship of Virginia (1841 Dec 24); reports on election results in Augusta County, urges Alexander H. H. Stuart to write some articles on the Tariff to attract the support of the young farmers and\n        mechanics which are being courted by the Democrats as new voters under the new state constitution (1851 Oct 24); discusses the legal case of Woods vs Brooks and expresses his confidence in the election of General Scott (1852 Jul 13); discusses the\n        election of cashier at the Bank and the appointment of a marshall for the western district of Virginia (1852 Nov 12 \u0026amp; 30); and discusses the affairs of the Staunton Bank, of which he is President, and the Central Railroad (1852 Dec 23)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e O.B. Knode asks Alexander H. H. Stuart 's influence be used to have Colonel Tiernan appointed to a judgeship in Utah (1852 Jan 22)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e F.A. Kownslar writes concerning a debt (1833 Jun 24)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Daniel Kraber concerning the will of George Lightner with a copy of the will attached (1831 Nov 15)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e J.D. Kurtz concerning cadet appointments (1853 Jan 17)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e John H.B. Latrobe appreciates Alexander H. H. Stuart 's speech and the exposition of the operation of the partnership principle by Alexander H. H. Stuart (1838 Sep 1)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Joseph S. Leake inquires about the price of one of Mr. Alexander H. H. Stuart 's houses (1831 Nov 3)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Adam Lee about taking up a land agency in the Transalleghany country (1831 Mar 11)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e John Letcher (1813-1884) hopes Alexander H. H. Stuart has received the seeds sent by his friend Whiting (1856 May 2)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e [Will H. Lewis ?], State Department, sends invitation to dine (n.d.)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e John Tayloe Lomax asks which states are a good market for legal books, expresses his opinion of the need for a protective tariff, his hope that Henry Clay will run as the Whig candidate for President, and the appearance that John C. Calhoun was the\n        most prominent of the Locofocos (1842 Jul 8)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e L. Luckett describes his family's trip to Memphis, [Tennessee] (1859 Aug 1); mentions seeing the manufacture of weapons in Richmond and his trip to New Orleans during the Civil War, the condition of the cotton crop, benefits of the war in uniting the\n        South, the vast difference between the Southerners and the Yankees, the ironclad [Thunderbolt ?] expected to leave New Orleans this week to go against Fort St. Phillip and Jackson (1861 Sep 2); refers to negotiations with England by the South and\n        refers to slavery \"our peculiar institution that they hoped was our weakness, is a tower of strength.\" (1861 Dec 23)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e James Lyons appreciates Alexander H. H. Stuart 's speech upon the subject of a national Bank and recommends the establishment of an Exchange Bank with branches in all of the states and regrets the division that the Bank issue has brought between the\n        executive and legislative branches (1841 Aug 20)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Joseph S. Machie both letters discuss getting the deposition of James M.H. Beale for a trial (1851-1852)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e James MacDonald wants his younger brother appointed a surgeon either in the Navy or Army (1851 Oct 8)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Redick McKee reports on the progress of the Commission sent to California to visit the hundreds of small Indian tribes and families, his plans to soon visit the tribes along the Mercede River, Mariposa County, the condition of the Whig Party in\n        California, the upcoming Senatorial contest, and his desire for the San Francisco Custom House position if it comes open (1851 Jan 28); reports signing the first treaty between the United States and the California Indians at Camp Fremont on March 19th\n        with six tribes and the possibility of a treaty with two more tribes near Fresno River, the poor quality of the soil, and his poor opinion of Dr. Wozencraft, California Indian agent (1851 Mar 21); recommends pacifying the Indians with a liberal supply\n        of beef and flour, his disagreement with Wozencraft who entered into a contract with Fremont, a political opponent, to supply beef to the Indians before the treaties were ratified by Congress and signed by the President, mentions other scandals and\n        improprieties in the Indian agency of California, and feels that reorganization of the whole governmental system in California is necessary (1851 Jun 30); desires the newly created position of \"Superintendent of Indian Affairs for the Pacific Coast\"\n        and criticizes the appointment of Lt. Beall as Indian Commissioner for California because he is known as a Democrat (1852 Mar 17 \u0026amp; May 5)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Thomas M.S. McKennan letter of introduction for William Mills (1851 Oct 29)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Lewis McKenzie asks Alexander H. H. Stuart to speak before the Bell \u0026amp; Everett Club as a friend of the Union (1860 Aug 31)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e William McLaughlin asks if Staunton will support the invitation by the Franklin Club, Washington College, and the Virginia Military Institute, to Edward Everett to speak in Lexington in order to raise money to purchase Mount Vernon (1857 Nov 23)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Theodorick B. McRobert thanks Alexander H. H. Stuart for the clerkship in the Department of the Interior (1850 Oct 3); includes a letter from Archibald B. Walker concerning a possible pension based on the Revolutionary War service of Alexander Walker\n        (1850 Nov 26 \u0026amp; 1851 Jan 8); includes a letter from the Rev. Luther Emerson, of Cob Bottom, Highland County, who promises to write a series of essays on the Scriptural view of slavery if McRobert will help him get some Northern Whig newspapers to\n        print them (1851 Dec 18 \u0026amp; 26)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e F. Madera requests a promotion in the Pension Office (1851 Dec 30)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Allan B. Magruder writes to secure a cadetship for his son, John T. Magruder, at West Point, and asks for a letter of introduction to the Secretary of the Navy on behalf of his brother, Captain Magruder (1851-1853); he also expresses his\n        disappointment that Millard Fillmore did not receive the nomination at the Baltimore Convention (1852 Jun 24)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e James Maguire accuses Mr. Bartlett, the Mexican Boundary Survey Commissioner, of embezzling (1851 Mar 29)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Francis Mallory (1807-1860) congratulates Alexander H. H. Stuart on his appointment to the Cabinet (1851 Jun 13); discusses the case of Mr. Kyle of Norfolk and criticizes Mr. Eubank and his staff over his handling of Kyle's case (1852); and informs\n        Alexander H. H. Stuart that the Whigs of Norfolk want the postmaster position to go to John P. Leigh when Mr. Cohen dies (1852 Sep 29)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e N. Marmion to Messrs. Baldwin \u0026amp; Stuart, Attorneys-at-Law, concerning the debt of George Nicholson (1834 Mar 6 \u0026amp; Aug 21)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Timothy Marmion writes concerning business matters (n.y. Dec 21)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e J.K. Marshall writes concerning a debt owed by Messrs. Harman \u0026amp; Garber (1852 Jan 30)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Thomas A. Marshall inquires if Alexander H. H. Stuart can help him determine if James M. Moffit is deceased, Moffit was a plaintiff in the legal case of Miller heirs vs Boatman (1833)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Thomas Martin notifies Alexander H. H. Stuart that his father, Pleasant Martin, has moved to Tennessee (1830 Jul 27)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e William Martin discusses the upcoming Virginia election for governor and the need for Governor Francis Harrison Pierpont to convince the Legislature to fix the question of the payment of the interest on the public debt (1867 Feb 10)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Maryland Institute Officers \u0026amp; Managers ask Alexander H. H. Stuart to deliver their \"Annual Address\" at the opening of the Annual Exhibition of Manufacturers \u0026amp; Machinery (1851 Oct 6)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e James Murray Mason (1798-1871) regrets that he does not have any of the published documents concerning the Wheeling Bridge case, excepting the \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eCongressional Globe\u003c/title\u003e at home (1853 Oct 22)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e [John Young] Mason (1799-1859) recommending John Dabney for some Federal government position (1851 Dec 30)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eColonel James W. Massie writes concerning a debt owed to Hugh McClure (1871 Apr 17)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Thomas E. Massie, Santa Fe, New Mexico, introduces D.V. Whiting, as knowledgeable of modern languages (1852 May 5)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Joel E. Matthews writes concerning the legal case of Matthews vs Minzes (1851-1852)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Tyre Maupin informs Alexander H. H. Stuart that the Rough and Ready Club of Rockingham County plan to present him with a silver pitcher for his services to the Whig Party (1848 Sep 3); asks if Alexander H. H. Stuart knows whether James Madison ever\n        offered a Cabinet position to General Scott and informs him that he plans to vote for Scott now that he has the Whig nomination (1852 Jul 17)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e R. Mayo asks for a favorable review of his book now before the Pension Committee of the Senate (1852)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Thompson G. Martin writes concerning his efforts to sell some Alexander H. H. Stuart land for them in Scott County, Virginia, and Tennessee (1831, 1834)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eMembers of the Virginia Legislature names Whig candidates favored by themselves for several positions (n.d.)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eMemoranda of A.H.H. Stuart while Secretary of the Interior, chiefly concerning appointments and removals for positions in the government under his jurisdiction (ca. 1851-1853)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e C.F. Mercer, President of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Company, writes to Alexander H. H. Stuart as their representative (1832 May 28)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Hugh Mercer asks Daniel Webster to transfer his son, George Weedon Mercer, from the Second Auditor's Office, to the State Department (1851 Feb 22 \u0026amp; Jul 4)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e [S.]C.M. Merillat asks Alexander H. H. Stuart if he knows if Congress plans on raising the duties on foreign iron in the near future as he has interests in an iron rolling mill and they need to decide what to do with it now that it has suspended\n        operations (1852 Jun 1)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e C.H. Merritt sends Alexander H. H. Stuart a ring made out of native gold of New Mexico (1851 Sep 30) and introduces Judge Houghton of New Mexico (1851 Oct 20)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Thomas J. Michie (1795-1873) writes concerning various legal cases (1845 Aug 1; 1850 Dec 19; 1852 Jan 18 \u0026amp; 29 and Oct 15); congratulates him on his appointment to the Cabinet and expresses his hopes that the Administration will benefit from any\n        good will generated by the Compromise of 1850, his regret at being without Alexander H. H. Stuart 's companionship during his stay in Washington, and offers to help with any of his legal cases when he is not on the other side (1850 Sep 15); thanks\n        Alexander H. H. Stuart for his gift, comments on the recent election, \"for I could not but believe that a majority of the new made vote would be Democratic, \u0026amp; I knew the power of the party which, to make men forget every excellence, \u0026amp; carry out\n        the behests of the party...nor are the Whigs less the slaves of such machinery than the Democrats,\" discusses the plight of Hungarian patriot and statesman, Lajos Kossuth (1802-1894), and mentions \"the young Napoleon\" [ Napoleon III ] (1851 Dec 29);\n        sends a printed copy of his points of law, made in the appeal case of Points, assignee of Hottle vs Crawford, and discusses the case (1852 Jan 14)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e William C. Micou asks for his assistance in a case now before the Supreme Court (1852 Oct 20)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Daniel F. Miller to Thomas Corwin -asks for Isaac Leffler (1788-1866), a former Whig member of Congress from Virginia, to be appointed to one of the land districts in Iowa; President Millard Fillmore appointed him receiver of public moneys for the\n        Chariton land district of Iowa on August 30th (1852 Aug 17)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Jacob Welsh Miller (1800-1862) introduces George P. [?], of New Jersey, a member of the U.S. \u0026amp; Mexican Boundary Commission (1852 May 5)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e James Miller asks Alexander H. H. Stuart to intervene with John P. Kennedy on his brother's behalf for an appointment in the Navy Department (1852 Dec 1)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Zophar Mills, Chairman of the Seventh Ward Democratic Whig Association of the City of New York, encloses a copy of the Preamble and Constitution of the Association (1851 Jul 8)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Joseph L. Mitchell acknowledges the receipt of the agricultural book (1852 Feb 7)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e John Moebus requests Alexander H. H. Stuart to furnish him with the money to reach New York (1852 Jun 22)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e John Moffett writes concerning his unhappiness over the nomination of General Winfield Scott and his fears of a military candidate and Roman Catholics in the election (1852 Jun 27)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Thomas S. Moffett, cousin of Alexander H. H. Stuart, requests he send one hundred dollars to Richmond (1834 Jan 27)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Henry W. Moncure asks for a letter of introduction to Abbott Lawrence, the United States Minister to Great Britain, to facilitate his tour of Europe (1852 Jun 9)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Charles P. Montague volunteers to carry dispatches abroad for the Federal government (1852 Jun 8)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e D.E. Moore expresses dismay at the election of John Tyler as President (1841 Aug 26)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e John K. Moore asks that Alexander H. H. Stuart remember his son, John B. Moore, who was unable to continue his plan of working in the mines due to dysentery caught while waiting in Panama for a ship, if any appointments open up in California (1850\n        Nov 27); and expresses his disgust at the nomination of General Scott (1852 Jul 6)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e L.T. Moore writes concerning the Beeler family estate (1851 Oct 10,18, 21)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Samuel McDowell Moore writes letters concerning political events in Virginia and the Virginia Legislature, including: the \"Senatorial Lottery,\" his own possible candidacy for office in the Virginia Senate to oppose the \"unworthy\" David W. Patteson, a\n        bill for a Railroad from Staunton to Harpers Ferry to Baltimore, the reorganization of the courts, and his opposition to amalgamating the Common Law and Chancery Court (1830 Jan 24); his busy schedule with the Committee on Elections which sent Barbour\n        and Davis back to try again, returning the elections to the people for a revote, with no information about Alexander H. H. Stuart 's Senator (1830 Dec 25); passage of the Railway Bill from Staunton to the Potomac, and tells about the nephew of Chief\n        Justice John Marshall shooting and killing William Gott after he refused to duel with him (1831 Feb 23-24); news that Jefferson [Kinney?] plans to run as a candidate for the Senate against Patteson and his own indecision about whether to run as well\n        (1831 Mar 2); thanks Alexander H. H. Stuart for his opinions about Moore running for the Virginia Senate in order to unseat David W. Patteson, speaks about his opposition to the odious amendment to Alexander H. H. Stuart 's Railroad Bill introduced\n        into the House of Delegates which prohibited the government from subscribing to any part of the stock, the 29th section of the bill was stricken out, discusses all of his work to secure the passage of the bill as Alexander H. H. Stuart submitted it,\n        and mentions the Judiciary Bill (1831 Mar 17); discusses the bill affecting court clerk fees, his decision not to run for the Virginia Senate seat, and the Railroad Bill (1831 Apr 10); furnishes his opinion of the elections at Rockbridge and Augusta,\n        Mr. Dorman's efforts for David W. Patteson and against his own candidate (1831 Jun 30, Jul 4 \u0026amp; 5); discusses the bill for internal improvements, the work of the Special Committee regarding the subject of removing free Negroes and Mulattoes, the\n        emancipation of slaves, the majority of the Committee refused to pay for the Negroes killed in Southampton, and other propositions concerning slaves and their removal from western Virginia (1832 Jan 5); following Moore's election to the House of\n        Representatives, he believes the followers of Martin Van Buren have the political advantage, the President seems anxious to get Daniel Webster into the Democratic Party in order to carry the Senate in their favor, Nullifiers also want Webster to switch\n        parties to alienate Southerners, destroy the Union, and establish a Southern Confederacy, the inadvisability of Henry Clay running for President, and mention of Richard M. Johnson of Kentucky as a probable candidate for Vice-President with Van Buren\n        (1833 Dec 24); discusses the election of [Littleton Waller] Tazewell (1774-1860) as evidence that the \"Old Dominion\" is dead set against Martin Van Buren for President and other political matters, and includes an amusing story of his social life (1834\n        Jan 11); his concern over the Banking Bill and false accusations against Moore printed by the editor of \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Fincastle Patriot\u003c/title\u003e 1834 Apr 7);\n        encouraged by the results of the Virginia elections and other political gossip (1834 May 20); discusses the resolutions regarding the Sub-Treasury scheme, Calhoun's speech supporting the scheme, and Clay's speech against it and Calhoun, and mention of\n        the Locofoco Party (1838 Feb 22); some of the Whigs uneasy over Alexander H. H. Stuart 's vote on the 21st Rule which vote Moore approved, \"I consider the true ground on which to meet the abolitionists is that they are prohibited by the Constitution\n        from interfering with our domestic concerns, and we should meet them on the ramparts of the Constitution. And not in endeavoring to defend a rule of order of at least doubtful justice and propriety,\" and furnishes his version of the history of the\n        \"abolition humbug\" beginning with General Jackson kicking Calhoun out of the \"Kitchen Cabinet\" and continuing with Calhoun's attempt to fan the flames of sectional division for his own political purposes; and his belief that the Whigs should pass Mr.\n        Ewing's Bank Bill with as little alteration as possible, and mentions Extra Billy Smith 's letter expressing his opinion that Tyler will veto any bill chartering a U.S. Bank (1841 June 22); the defeat of the Bank Bill in Congress, Tyler's attack on the\n        Whig Party as the enemy of States' Rights, the controversy over the nature of the proposed National Bank and his own solution to the problem, and his contention that the Bankruptcy Bill should not be passed at present (1841 Aug 22); complains about\n        [John Minor] Botts giving Whigs a bad name, discusses flaws in the Bank Bill, notes that Whigs are dissatisfied with [William Cabell ?] Rives course in countering the Whig Party, and complains about [Henry Alexander ?] Wise (1841 Aug 27); and discusses\n        the Firebaugh Will legal case (1850 Oct 18; 1852 Jan 5 \u0026amp; Mar 16)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e John Moorman recommends the Rev. Samuel R. Houston as Superintendent of the Deaf and Dumb Asylum at Staunton, Virginia (1852 Mar 4)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e [W.?] Morris seeks a position in the State Department (1852 Dec 1)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e C.L. Mosby writes concerning claims against the Thomas Wells estate (1831 May 18); and asks if he knows of a purser position in the Navy for his brother, William W. Mosby (1851 Dec 15)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e [Alexander] Moseley expresses his concern with President Tyler and Edward Everett 's reply to the abolitionists (1841 Jul-Aug); discusses the idea of acquiring Cuba from Spain and the widespread aversion to Spanish rule in Cuba and his hopes that\n        [John Minor ?] Botts would not be elected (1851 Jun 13 \u0026amp; Oct 20); believes that Millard Fillmore will be nominated at the Baltimore Convention (1852 Mar 20); the need for a full Whig vote in Virginia to defeat Franklin Pierce (1852 Oct 5 \u0026amp;\n        7)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e J.W. Myers questions Stuart about the meaning of President Millard Fillmore 's latest message in regard to military intervention on behalf of the Hungarian Lajos Kossuth or in any European conflict (1851 Dec 11)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Thomas Nairu writes concerning federal appointments in Iowa (1850 Oct 23)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e C.W. Newton, one of the Commissioners chosen to select a site for the Norfolk Custom House, discusses the matter, and recommends that the other commissioners be retained as superintendents to continue with the construction of the Custom House (1851\n        May 1); asks why the delay in the appointment of his friend, Walter H. Taylor (1852 Aug 20); recommends John P. Leigh for the Postmaster position at Norfolk (1852 Sep 29)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Isaac C. Newton regrets his defence of Bryant who was removed from office by his own misconduct and not through prejudice as he claimed (1853 Jan 15)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Dr. C.N. Nichols concerning the purchase of \" Woodstock, \" the farm of Mrs. Brent and a note from John Carroll Brent (1852 Nov 23)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e William Ogden Niles writes concerning the prosecution of parties arrested for frauds upon the Departments of the Interior and the Treasury (1850 Nov 12)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e John A. North furnishes information in several cases in which Alexander H. H. Stuart is listed as Counsel in Judge Thompson's Circuit (1852 Aug 14)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e John A. [Parker ?] thanks Alexander H. H. Stuart for his recent speech on the slavery question and Mr. Lincoln's plan to purchase land to colonize the freed Negroes (1873 Oct 27)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e William Elisha Peters (1829-1906) urges Alexander H. H. Stuart through another faculty member not to use the revenue from the Corcoran fund for the general purposes of the University of Virginia or to any other than the benefit of the Professors\n        which will assure the future of the institution (1876 Nov 23)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e[Sir Flinders ?] Petrie, Secretary of the Victoria Institute or Philosophical Society of Great Britain, invites Alexander H. H. Stuart to join the society (1878 Aug 12)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Eb Phlegar furnishes a table of voting in the precincts of Montgomery County and Pulaski County (1841 Apr 24)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e L.M. Powell expresses his concern over Alexander H. H. Stuart 's fall into the water and tells about the loss of his trunk (1860 Oct 23)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e W.A. Powell statement of interest due (1868 Dec 16)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e William Ballard Preston (1805-1862) discusses the Whig Convention in Philadelphia, the nomination of Zachary Taylor, the vulnerability of Lewis Cass, and mentions [John Minor] Botts (1848 Jun 15)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Charles Radziminski asks for a leave of absence to be arranged so he can travel to Europe and check on his family whom he has not heard from since his exile from Poland for revolutionary activity in 1834 (1852 Aug 1)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Robert Ridgway (1823-1870) asks Alexander H. H. Stuart if he would accept the opposition nomination for Governor and discusses others who might accept a position on the ticket (1859 Jan 9)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Lawrence Riggs writes about the desire of Rev. F.W. Hatch for the Chaplaincy to the U.S. Marine Hospital at St. Louis (1851 Jan 8)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Alexander Rives discusses the idea of secession, \"A vague fear distresses us, lest our people should be maddened by occurrences at the South and dragged after the seceding states. I am clean for keeping the state out of that vortex.\" He also suggests\n        that the Southern representatives meet with their Stephen Douglass allies and agree to serve in Lincoln's Cabinet if asked (1860 Nov 20) and \"You can well conceive that I am not favorably inclined to our unceremonious \u0026amp; unexpected transfer to Jeff.\n        Davis \u0026amp; Co. I did not like the Convention's adoption of Judge Allen's sophism in the preamble to the Act of Secession; -it is a false gloss and unworthy of the state;\" (1861 May 13)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e William Cabell Rives expresses hopes that they can create a great National Conservative Party to preserve the Union and avoid the extremism proclaimed by Mr. Seward in recent speeches in New York (1859 Jan 5); and fears his health will not permit him\n        to give the speech on behalf of the Committee to the people of the United States; he died on April 25 (1868 Jan 7)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e William Barton Rogers hesitates to endorse any mining and economical surveys, and mentions that he enjoyed the address of his friend Judge Bradley at the public exercises at the University of Virginia (1881 Jul 7)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e W.H. Ruffner wishes that Alexander H. H. Stuart would receive the nomination for the Vice-Presidency and asks Alexander H. H. Stuart to come to Philadelphia to make a speech before the Convention, \"A little glorification of Hungary -some leanings\n        toward our `Manifest Destiny' -a few digs at `European despotisms' -a compliment to the Sultan -a javelin at Nicholas -in short `much ado about nothing' is all that is needed.\" (1851 Dec 5)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Benjamin Rush expresses his admiration for Alexander H. H. Stuart and his efforts to avoid the dissolution of the Union before the Civil War and hopes to further reconciliation between the North and South should he be elected to Congress (1874 Aug\n        4)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e John C. Rusmisell discusses the popular election of Joseph Johnson for Governor in Virginia under the new state constitution (1851 Dec 25)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e N[athan] Sargent (1794-1875), author of \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003ePublic Men and Events,\u003c/title\u003e in several letters that reveal the turbulent condition of American politics\n        during the period immediately preceding the Civil War, Sargent urges that articles be published in the \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eRichmond Whig\u003c/title\u003e supporting his and\n        Alexander H. H. Stuart 's positions in the upcoming elections, mentions the controversy over the Crittenden Amendment, violent feelings on both sides of the slavery issue, and urges a meeting of representatives of various Conservative groups who wish\n        to work to preserve the Union, hopes for the defeat of John Letcher (1858-1859); and deplores the course of Goggin and Bell of Kentucky, \"I can never subscribe to the doctrine that Congress must protect slavery in the Territories; never. We must\n        repudiate that vagary.\" (1859 Aug 12); and discusses the effect of the outbreak at Harpers Ferry (1859 Oct 24)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e R.E. Scott furnishes his views as to the nomination to be made at the Baltimore Convention (1852 May 22)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Joseph Segar writes concerning the Presidential nomination; his support for Millard Fillmore and his distaste for Scott (1852 Mar 11)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Hugh W. Sheffey compares the advantages of investing in state bonds and U.S. stock, asks his opinion of \"Thompson's Revolution\" before the General Assembly which means to reduce the number of circuit courts and increase the pay of judges, the House\n        of Delegates will soon begin examining the criminal code, expects passage of the Covington and Ohio Railroad Bill, anxious that all the state internal improvements be completed so that Virginia can tap the great Western wealth, and the bill enlarging\n        the limits of Staunton has passed (1848 Feb 12); discusses his recent attempt to pass a bill to reapportion the delegates and senators throughout the Commonwealth and Mr. Scott of Fauquier County 's proposed bill re reapportionment, failure of the bill\n        to extend the Louisa Railroad towards Harrisonburg, his concern over the Whig nomination, \"Stuart, I am satisfied that the nomination of Mr. Clay will prostrate the Whig party in the South -no young man in the South can for twenty years to come expect\n        to rise to any post of honour or distinction if Clay should ever be elected by the Wilmot proviso vote of the North\" (1848 Feb 16); the Virginia Whig Convention voted to support Zachary Taylor for the Presidential candidate (1848 Feb 25); notifies\n        Alexander H. H. Stuart that an appropriation of six thousand dollars was made by the General Assembly to the Deaf \u0026amp; Dumb \u0026amp; Blind Institution to square its debts and warns him as its President not to come to the General Assembly for more\n        assistance (1850 Mar 14); and writes concerning the bounty land warrant of his cousin Celly (1852 Apr 2)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e W.G. [Snethen ?] asks that the Department of the Interior award land sale advertisements to the newspaper \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Virginian\u003c/title\u003e edited by Terry and\n        Shields (1852 Oct 9)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Lord Stirling sends a copy of \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Democratic Review \u003c/title\u003econtaining the first of a series of articles concerning his legally established rights in\n        British North America (1852 Sep 11)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Samuel Strong writes concerning the bids for the extension of the marble work of the Capitol (1851 Nov 5)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e James French Strother (1811-1860) asks Alexander H. H. Stuart to write to Mr. Hall and tell him that he believes the bill authorizing the appointment of an assistant agent will pass (1852 Jun 8)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Alexander H.H. Stuart Letters writes in great detail to Thomas Michie concerning the subjects of internal improvements, especially the James River Company, \u0026amp; the increase of Banking capital and the opposition of Joseph C. Cabell to their plans,\n        and the Democratic Party being forced to accept David Campbell as Governor (1837 Jan 29); to an unknown correspondent, tries to correct the allegation by John Minor Botts that the resolution offered by Alexander H. H. Stuart at the extra session of\n        Congress in June 1841 was copied by Alexander H. H. Stuart from Botts' resolution and presented as his own and asks for his correspondent to be a witness to what actually transpired (1845 Dec 12); furnishes a testimonial to the worthy service W.D.C.\n        Goddard has performed in the Department of the Interior (1852 Jun 30); to his brother, Gerald B. Stuart, writes that William H. Clarke wants a barrel of his best whiskey sent, William Stuart needs a good horse, predicts big battles soon, probably at\n        Yorktown, Harpers Ferry, or Manassas Gap, and says of the Convention, \"We have a most miserable spirit prevailing in the Convention -a spirit of carping \u0026amp; bitter hostility to Letcher -such men as Harris, Ambler, Garnett seem disposed to assail him\n        on every frivolous pretext\" (1861 Jun 15); writes to his daughter, Maggie B. Stuart, concerning her schooling (1873 Feb 7); from the University of Virginia, to his mother, Eleanor Stuart, about his brother Archibald Stuart 's engagement (Oct 7); and to\n        his wife, informing her that he hoped to be home from Washington soon, neither the Whig nor Democratic Parties can command the full loyalty of their followers in the present debate, and describes his anxiety about his children (n.d.)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Archibald P. Stuart assures him of his best wishes and support as he leaves for Washington and thanks him for the frock coat and the beautiful wheat (1850 Sep 29)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Eleanor Briscoe Stuart writes concerning the settling of an estate (n.d.)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e J.E.B. Stuart while at West Point, answers Alexander H. H. Stuart 's questions about the annuity left him by Uncle Chapman (1851 Dec 25); and writes concerning the opportunities in real estate in Kansas where he is now serving at Fort Leavenworth\n        (1857 Jan 28)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Oscar J.C. Stuart writes concerning Alexander H. H. Stuart 's bereavement, the genealogy of his father's family, particularly his grandfather, John Stockton, and comments on the state of Virginia politics (1859 August 8)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Isaac H. Sturgeon encloses newsclippings concerning the Labaume case (1852 Feb 4)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e George William Summers (1804-1868) describes the death of their friend, Secretary of the Navy Thomas Walker Gilmer (1802-1844), who was killed by the bursting of a gun called \"the Peacemaker\" on board the U.S.S. Princeton on the Potomac River, near\n        Washington, D.C. and what the loss of Secretary of State Abel P. Upshur would mean in the negotiations over the Oregon Territory with the new minister from Great Britain; feels that the quality of this Congress is decidedly inferior to the last, and\n        his approval of Alexander H. H. Stuart 's articles in \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Richmond Whig\u003c/title\u003e (1844 Feb 28); and comments extensively on the \"farce\" of the\n        Democratic-Locofoco nomination of James Polk for President (1844 May 30)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e William T. Sutherlin regrets the error of the people of Virginia at not returning Alexander H. H. Stuart to office, although he was instrumental in restoring Virginia to the Union, Alexander H. H. Stuart was not elected to public office in 1870 (1870\n        Nov 9); refers to the speech by William Mahone as a \"campaign document\" in favor of his Virginia policy and against the free Railroad Law, his desire to get rid of the obligation to build the Cumberland Gap Road and to make several other changes in the\n        Act of Consolidation, and expresses his low opinion of Mahone and his \"Radicals\" (1873 Apr 4)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e [J.H. Tagart ?] insists that Alexander H. H. Stuart accept his invitation to \"eat a little Virginia venison with some Maryland canvass back ducks with an old friend\" (1852 Nov 28)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e William H. Terrill asks that Alexander H. H. Stuart exchange autographs and photographs with him (1871 Nov 17)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Lucas P. Thompson writes that various persons have urged him to suggest to Alexander H. H. Stuart that his best chance of election is to join the Know Nothing Party and run as one of their candidates but hesitates because \"I entertain a prejudice not\n        so much against the principles or what are said to be the principles of the new party as the secrecy of their organization and action\" (1855 Jan 21)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Nicholas K. Trout, Senate of Virginia, addresses the re-adjustment of the public debt question with West Virginia and informs Alexander H. H. Stuart of the fate of several bills in the Legislature (1867 Jan 20)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eUnidentified Letters include the following subjects: the failure to revive interest in an Act promoting a railroad from Staunton to Scottsville or the James River, the need to pursue the James River improvements, especially with the Louisa Railroad,\n        but has little hopes of resolution until the settlement of the Bank Bill which he discusses and discusses the selection of a site for the Deaf \u0026amp; Dumb Asylum (1839 Mar 1); the terrible disaster on the lower Mississippi claiming the life of B.B.\n        Stuart (1859 May 2); the editor of \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Sandy Valley Advocate\u003c/title\u003e writes concerning the development of the great coal field in the Great Sandy Valley\n        of Kentucky and asks what the Kentucky Whigs should do in the present political crisis (1859 Aug 27); and a Civil War letter from Bristoe Station, Virginia, where a Confederate soldier sends home fifty dollars in care of Alexander H. H. Stuart ([1861\n        ?] Sep 12)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Upshur County Citizens asks that Alexander H. H. Stuart come and speak to them on the issues of the day and express their support for William Leftwich Goggin (1807-1870) for Governor of Virginia (1859 Apr 6)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Thomas Walter, Architect for the Extension of the U.S. Capitol, furnishes a report on the cost of the work during the residue of fiscal year (1851 Nov 6)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Washington College Literary Society requests Alexander H. H. Stuart to give a speech before the Society on July 2nd (1857 Apr 28)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e John Watt asks if Alexander H. H. Stuart will send him a copy of the appendix published in connection with his report on John Brown 's raid on Harpers Ferry, containing extracts from the personal liberty bills passed by several of the Northern states\n        (1861 Dec 3)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Daniel Webster regrets that the information obtained in the Census Records is not particularly useful in answering Alexander H. H. Stuart 's questions about blind persons in the state of Virginia for the Virginia Institute for the Education of the\n        Blind but suggests that an agent of the Institute might be given access to the records to compile the necessary information (1842 Aug 2); introduces Fitzhenry Warren of the General Post Office (1850 Oct 2); and regrets that the President has decided he\n        cannot appoint Virginians to offices other than local offices (1851 Feb 8)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e William J. Willey warns that \"Since the action of the Convention, handing the state of Virginia over to the Confederate states, without the knowledge or consent of the people, like a lot of horses or slaves, the excitement in N.W. Virginia, is\n        becoming most intense, and indeed, in some quarters, terrible...The clamor here for a division of the state is becoming loud and universal -I fear it will become uncontrollable\" (1861 May 7)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Robert Winthrop encloses a seal, with a mistaken superscription to \"Cha\" Winthrop by Dr. Stuart, belonging to his great-grandfather, John Winthrop, who was a Fellow of the Royal Society, discusses family genealogy and the motto on the seal and asks\n        him to take care of the seal while it is in his possession (1851 Apr 21); encloses a letter from Judge Thomas C. Manning (present) concerning the Mississippi Bonds question, and mentions Slater's Fund for educating the Freedmen (1882 Apr 28); regrets\n        not seeing Alexander H. H. Stuart at the meeting of the Peabody Education Fund of which both he and Alexander H. H. Stuart were Trustees, describes the meeting and discusses politics (1884 Oct 8); discusses the death of Jefferson Davis and his opinion\n        of the man (1889 Dec 16)\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e Henry Wise (1806-1876) offended at personal references in \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Valley Virginian\u003c/title\u003e which gave a report on Alexander H. H. Stuart 's speech to the\n        Citizens of Augusta County, at Staunton, \"On the New Movement\" which claimed Governor Wise had opposed the work of Alexander H. H. Stuart and had worked closely with carpet-baggers, Wise asks Alexander H. H. 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Wood discusses members of the American Party recently elected to Congress and fears that unless they can unify the old Whigs with the \"American Organization\" Millard Fillmore will not be re-elected (1856 Apr 13)\u003c/p\u003e\n    ","\u003cp\u003e*Unless otherwise noted the recipient of the letter is Alexander H.H. 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