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The site for the museum was reserved by the city in 1917. The museum was chartered in 1924. In 1932 and 1939, the museum was actually built. One wing was built first, and the other later.\nIn May of 1952, the Tidewater Natural History Council formed. It developed rapidly as part of the museum, and sponsored lecture and exhibit programs. The program worked well with the existing Tidewater history collection in the museum, and sought to become a permanent exhibit complete with specimens indigenous to the Tidewater area. In 1953, a public gallery containing shadow boxes and dioramas of local wildlife and wildlife habitats was installed in the museum. In particular, the exhibits highlighted life on the local seashores and in the Dismal Swamp.\nBy the end of 1954, a group of annual contributors known as the \"Natural History Associates\" was formed to help fund the museum's Natural History Division. With funding, the Natural History Council began to produce a Natural History newsletter, and informative booklets for schools and clubs.\nThe Natural History Division of the museum was active throughout the end of the 1950's and throughout the 1960's. It had both live and stuffed animal displays, and held classes and field trips on archaeology, botany, and ecology. In 1970, the future looked promising for the division, as the Natural Sciences Section was reestablished as a permanent part of the museum's organization.\nIn 1971, the Norfolk Museum of Arts and Sciences became the Chrysler Museum of Art when art collector, Walter P. Chrysler, Jr., presented the museum with his collection. The Natural Sciences and History functions of the museum were phased out around this time, as part of the museum's reorganization.","Note written by Special Collections Staff","The collection includes 144 undated photographs that depict the Norfolk Museum of Natural History's exhibits, staff, special functions, and activities.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","Includes 144 photographs that depict the museum's exhibits, staff, special functions, and activities.","ODU Community Collections","Norfolk Museum of Arts and Sciences (Va.)","Norfolk Museum of Natural History","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MG 66","/repositories/5/resources/257"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Norfolk Museum of Natural History Photographs"],"collection_title_tesim":["Norfolk Museum of Natural History Photographs"],"collection_ssim":["Norfolk Museum of Natural History Photographs"],"repository_ssm":["Old Dominion University"],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"geogname_ssm":["Norfolk (Va.)--History--20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Norfolk (Va.)--History--20th century"],"creator_ssm":["Norfolk Museum of Arts and Sciences (Va.)"],"creator_ssim":["Norfolk Museum of Arts and Sciences (Va.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Norfolk Museum of Arts and Sciences (Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["Norfolk Museum of Arts and Sciences (Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Norfolk (Va.)--History--20th century"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Dr. Alan H. Savitsky, Professor of Biology at Old Dominion University","Gift. Accession #89-5"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Museums--Virginia--Norfolk"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Museums--Virginia--Norfolk"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.40 Linear Feet","1 Hollinger document box boxes"],"extent_tesim":["0.40 Linear Feet","1 Hollinger document box boxes"],"date_range_isim":[0,1989],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOpen to researchers without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Open to researchers without restrictions."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIdeas for a Norfolk Museum of Arts and Sciences were originated in 1900 by the Leache-Wood alumnae who formed the Irene Leache Art Association in 1915 and the Norfolk Society of Arts in 1917. The site for the museum was reserved by the city in 1917. The museum was chartered in 1924. In 1932 and 1939, the museum was actually built. One wing was built first, and the other later.\nIn May of 1952, the Tidewater Natural History Council formed. It developed rapidly as part of the museum, and sponsored lecture and exhibit programs. The program worked well with the existing Tidewater history collection in the museum, and sought to become a permanent exhibit complete with specimens indigenous to the Tidewater area. In 1953, a public gallery containing shadow boxes and dioramas of local wildlife and wildlife habitats was installed in the museum. In particular, the exhibits highlighted life on the local seashores and in the Dismal Swamp.\nBy the end of 1954, a group of annual contributors known as the \"Natural History Associates\" was formed to help fund the museum's Natural History Division. With funding, the Natural History Council began to produce a Natural History newsletter, and informative booklets for schools and clubs.\nThe Natural History Division of the museum was active throughout the end of the 1950's and throughout the 1960's. It had both live and stuffed animal displays, and held classes and field trips on archaeology, botany, and ecology. In 1970, the future looked promising for the division, as the Natural Sciences Section was reestablished as a permanent part of the museum's organization.\nIn 1971, the Norfolk Museum of Arts and Sciences became the Chrysler Museum of Art when art collector, Walter P. Chrysler, Jr., presented the museum with his collection. The Natural Sciences and History functions of the museum were phased out around this time, as part of the museum's reorganization.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Special Collections Staff\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Ideas for a Norfolk Museum of Arts and Sciences were originated in 1900 by the Leache-Wood alumnae who formed the Irene Leache Art Association in 1915 and the Norfolk Society of Arts in 1917. The site for the museum was reserved by the city in 1917. The museum was chartered in 1924. In 1932 and 1939, the museum was actually built. One wing was built first, and the other later.\nIn May of 1952, the Tidewater Natural History Council formed. It developed rapidly as part of the museum, and sponsored lecture and exhibit programs. The program worked well with the existing Tidewater history collection in the museum, and sought to become a permanent exhibit complete with specimens indigenous to the Tidewater area. In 1953, a public gallery containing shadow boxes and dioramas of local wildlife and wildlife habitats was installed in the museum. In particular, the exhibits highlighted life on the local seashores and in the Dismal Swamp.\nBy the end of 1954, a group of annual contributors known as the \"Natural History Associates\" was formed to help fund the museum's Natural History Division. With funding, the Natural History Council began to produce a Natural History newsletter, and informative booklets for schools and clubs.\nThe Natural History Division of the museum was active throughout the end of the 1950's and throughout the 1960's. It had both live and stuffed animal displays, and held classes and field trips on archaeology, botany, and ecology. In 1970, the future looked promising for the division, as the Natural Sciences Section was reestablished as a permanent part of the museum's organization.\nIn 1971, the Norfolk Museum of Arts and Sciences became the Chrysler Museum of Art when art collector, Walter P. Chrysler, Jr., presented the museum with his collection. The Natural Sciences and History functions of the museum were phased out around this time, as part of the museum's reorganization.","Note written by Special Collections Staff"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Norfolk Museum of Natural History Photographs, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 1, Skeletons, undated, Norfolk Museum of Natural History Photographs, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 2, The Sun and Moon, undated, Norfolk Museum of Natural History Photographs, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 3, Nature Drawings, undated, Norfolk Museum of Natural History Photographs, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 4, Visitors to the Museum, undated, Norfolk Museum of Natural History Photographs, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 5, The Classroom, undated, Norfolk Museum of Natural History Photographs, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 6, Nature Trips, undated, Norfolk Museum of Natural History Photographs, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 7, Carving, Sculpting Stone, undated, Norfolk Museum of Natural History Photographs, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 8, Miscellaneous (I), undated, Norfolk Museum of Natural History Photographs, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 9, Miscellaneous (II), undated, Norfolk Museum of Natural History Photographs, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 10, Mounted Photographs, undated, Norfolk Museum of Natural History Photographs, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 11, Negatives, undated, Norfolk Museum of Natural History Photographs, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Norfolk Museum of Natural History Photographs, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 1, Skeletons, undated, Norfolk Museum of Natural History Photographs, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 2, The Sun and Moon, undated, Norfolk Museum of Natural History Photographs, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 3, Nature Drawings, undated, Norfolk Museum of Natural History Photographs, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 4, Visitors to the Museum, undated, Norfolk Museum of Natural History Photographs, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 5, The Classroom, undated, Norfolk Museum of Natural History Photographs, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 6, Nature Trips, undated, Norfolk Museum of Natural History Photographs, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 7, Carving, Sculpting Stone, undated, Norfolk Museum of Natural History Photographs, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 8, Miscellaneous (I), undated, Norfolk Museum of Natural History Photographs, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 9, Miscellaneous (II), undated, Norfolk Museum of Natural History Photographs, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 10, Mounted Photographs, undated, Norfolk Museum of Natural History Photographs, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.","[Identification of item and date], Box 1, Folder 11, Negatives, undated, Norfolk Museum of Natural History Photographs, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes 144 undated photographs that depict the Norfolk Museum of Natural History's exhibits, staff, special functions, and activities.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection includes 144 undated photographs that depict the Norfolk Museum of Natural History's exhibits, staff, special functions, and activities."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e469e1a510475bd3961dd4c585e278f0\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eIncludes 144 photographs that depict the museum's exhibits, staff, special functions, and activities.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Includes 144 photographs that depict the museum's exhibits, staff, special functions, and activities."],"names_coll_ssim":["Norfolk Museum of Natural History","Norfolk Museum of Arts and Sciences (Va.)"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Norfolk Museum of Arts and Sciences (Va.)","Norfolk Museum of Natural History"],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Norfolk Museum of Arts and Sciences (Va.)","Norfolk Museum of Natural History"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":12,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T19:50:12.884Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_257"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_7_resources_57","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"University of Virginia Medical Illustrations collection","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_7_resources_57#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Bernie, Frederick, fl. 1792","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_7_resources_57#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe collection comprises mostly of anatomical illustrations of humans and animals by professional medical illustrators and medical practioners, but there is a good number of caricatures. Many of the images depict 20th century surgical prodedures; there are also physiological illustrations included in the collection. Most items are drawn in pencil on illustration paper with cardboard backing. In addition, there are some drawings in notepads and on tracing paper.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_7_resources_57#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_7_resources_57","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_57","_root_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_57","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_57","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_7_resources_57.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/56","title_ssm":["University of Virginia Medical Illustrations collection"],"title_tesim":["University of Virginia Medical Illustrations collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1720-1969","undated"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["undated"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1720-1969"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.67","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/57"],"text":["MS.67","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/57","University of Virginia Medical Illustrations collection","Illustrators","Medical libraries","cartoons (humorous images)","drawings (visual works)","7.5 linear feet: 4 boxes with dimensions 16 in x 20 in x 3.5 in 2 document boxes","Collection is open to research.","Authenticated by Medicine Rara 185 Madison Ave, NY, NY 10016.","The illustrations are arranged by the name of their illustrator, and by chronology, then grouped by the subject of the drawing. The exceptions to this arrangement are items where the artist or subject is unknown or if there is no series for individual artists.","The University of Virginia has taught the study of human anatomy as part of the medical curriculum since its first session in 1825. ","The creator of several of the drawings in the collection, Harvey E. Jordan (1878-1963), was on the faculty of the School of Medicine at the University of Virginia between 1907 and 1949 and had a strong interest in anatomy throughout his career. Jordan served as a Professor of Histology and Embryology, Director of Anatomical Laboratories, and, from 1938 to 1949, as the Dean of the Department of Medicine (in 1950 the title changed to \"Dean of the School of Medicine\"). During his tenure as Dean, Jordan started a Division of Medical Illustration at the Univeristy. Among the many professional societies to which he belonged was the American Association of Anatomists, and throughout his career he wrote many papers on the subject of microscopic anatomy.","In addition to Harvey E. Jordan, the collection also contains work by illustrators including P. Le Paumier, Helen Lorraine, and Ted Bloodhart. P. Le Paumier (dates unknown) was a French illustrator whose work was published in the book  Travaux pratiques d'anatomie. Cahier d'ostéologie,  by French anatomist André Latarjet (1877-1947). Helen Lorraine (1892-1980) was a medical illustrator who graduated from Johns Hopkins School of Art as Applied to Medicine (1916) and studied under Max Brodel and J. Shelton Horsley. Lorraine's illustrations were produced for Dr. Charles Bruce Morton (1908-1966), a University of Virginia School of Medicine graduate (B.S. 1920, M.D. 1922) and professor of Surgery and Gynecology at UVA from 1927 to 1954. Little is known about the other illustrators. Some works in the collection are not identified.","Another set of prints included in this collection are the Elizabeth Mandell historical prints collection, which consists of prints, illustrations, and pages from an unidentified text. Items include 3 anatomical plates; 3 surgical plates; and a print of a physician and patient from the Illustrated Times, London Dec. 8, 1880. Also included: an image of a doctor and patients from an \"extra supplement to the Illustrated London News, May 19, 187?\"; and illustrations from the International Medical and Sanitary Exposition. The 4 loose pages contain an entry on Anatomy and are taken from the same text as the anatomical and surgical plates (possibly an encyclopedia).","In 2026, the English and French caricatures were added to the collection. ","The collection comprises mostly of anatomical illustrations of humans and animals by professional medical illustrators and medical practioners, but there is a good number of caricatures. Many of the images depict 20th century surgical prodedures; there are also physiological illustrations included in the collection. Most items are drawn in pencil on illustration paper with cardboard backing. In addition, there are some drawings in notepads and on tracing paper.","From The Graphic: an illustrated weekly newspaper, page 109","5 figures: 1. extempore dressing on the Battlefield. 2. ward tent and apparatus for steaming throat and bronchial cases, Guy's Hospital. 3. (ditto), St. Mary's Hospital. 4. a bad accident case: London Hospital. 5. bath lift: Middlesex Hospital.","Extra supplement to the Illustrated London News May 19 1877.","Caricature by definition is a representation in which the subject's distinctive features or peculiarities are deliberately exaggerated to produce a comic or grotesque effect. Nineteenth-century medicine provided caricaturists with a wealth of material. Artists humorously exaggerated medical conditions and physical characteristics. Bulbous noses, protruding stomachs, and hunched backs were some of the more common features drawn to extraordinary proportions. Bizarre treatments, massive doses of pills, and excessive bloodletting, prescribed by trained physicians and quack doctors alike, were all lampooned. Suffering and discomfort from disease and the patient's reaction to medical treatment were also fodder for the satirist's pen.","While some caricatures were straightforward in their message, others contained yet another layer of meaning. Medical conditions could symbolize failed interpersonal relationships, national political affairs, and everything in between. Ailments caused by the follies of fashion, such as ill-fitting footwear or constricting corsets, inspired many drawings. Artists also directly linked illness to excesses in nineteenth-century social life, particularly over-consumption of food and alcohol.","The 37 caricatures displayed in this exhibit are divided into two groups: English and French. The English prints are predominately drawn by two of the more famous British caricaturists, James Gillray and George Cruikshank. The French caricatures include artwork by J.J. Grandville, Louis-Léopold Boilly, and Edme Jean Pigal.","English Caricature:\nPrecariousness of Life\nHeroic Medicine\nPray Remember the Poor Debtors\nQuacks \u0026 Nostrums\nDoomed Relationships\nFashionable Follies\nNineteenth-Century Excess\nEnglish Artists\nFootnotes, Bibliography, \u0026 Links","French Caricature:\nScenes of the Day\nMedicine in France\nMedical Caricatures or Political Commentary?\nHunchbacks: Mocked or Mocker?\nPublic Health: The Need Is Pressing\nWet Nursing: Paying Consumers\nFrench Artists\nFootnotes, Bibliography, \u0026 Links","The caption of this image describes the 'Extraordinary Effects of Morison's Vegetable Pills', re-growing a man's legs overnight. Morison's Vegetable Pills were the brainchild of James Morison (1770-1840) and sold from 1825 onwards. Morison believed that all disease was caused by an impurity of the blood that could only be purged by his vegetable pills. The pills, a laxative based on a variety of herbs, including rhubarb and myrrh, were sold in chemists, grocers and even libraries. Morison believed that his pills could be taken in large doses but a number of deaths proved him wrong. Many labelled him a quack and his pills a poison. The print is by Charles Grant Jameson (active 1832-1850); artist: Grant, Charles Jameson; maker: J Kendrick; place made: London, England, United Kingdom.","Colored etching by G[eorge] Cruikshank: Source of the Southwark Water Works, or [headed] Salus Populi Suprema Lex. Published by S. Knight, [1832]. 51x32.5cm. Printed on broadsheet with text poem beneath: Royal Address of Cadwallader... water-king of Southwark [John Edwards]. Concern at pollution and threat to public health. ","The satirical poem 'Royal Address of Cadwallader ap-Tudor ap-Edwards ap-Vaughan, Water-King of Southwark', published in 1832, is a comment on the pollution of the River Thames, the main water supply for London. The crowd chants \"Give us clean water\" and \"We shall get the cholera\" – 1832 being the year that a major cholera epidemic hit London. The writer of the poem and the people in the illustration appear to believe that cholera is spread by vapours from rotting waste – the miasma theory of disease. However, John Snow (1813-1858) discovered that cholera is a water-borne disease. Despite this, many physicians still accepted the miasma theory. The illustration was drawn by the artist and caricaturist George Cruikshank (1792-1878).","Inscription: Lettered with title, \"Ex Marmore Antiquo,\" three lines of description of subject beginning \"He grounded his Precepts upon Aesculapius. ...,\" and production details: \"P. P. Rubens Del.,\" \"I. Faber Fecit,\" and \"Printed for \u0026 Sold by Tho: Bowles next the Chapter House in St. Pauls Ch. Yard and John Bowles at the Black Horse in Cornhill.\"","This satirical response to \"fast living\" centers on a figure whose left side is a skeleton holding a spade before a tombstone lettered with a quote from Romans 6.23, \"The wages of sin is death,\" with other biblical admonishments below. The figure's right side is fashionably dressed living aristocrat standing in a parkland with a temple similar to one at Stowe in Buckinghamshire. Emblems of the Order of the Garter are part of the man's dress and items that refer to gambling and partying are strewn around his buckled shoe. These include part of a \"EO\" wheel (an 18th century game similar to roulette), dice and a shaker, cards, and a masquerade ticket to the Pantheon in London. A scroll that confirms the man's \"Pedigree\" suggests that rank offers no protection from mortality.","This cartoon by J. A. Wales.found in Puck on April 14, 1880 satirizes the Eclectic Medical College of Pennsylvania, a diploma mill selling fake medical degrees in the later decades of the 19th century. \"Professor Grind-Em-Out\" is, no doubt, the school's \"Dean,\" John Buchanan, who was finally arrested in 1880, due in part to his exposure in the popular media.","Etching depicting a group of male academics and students, many wearing mortar boards, gathered around a professor who reads form a book inscribed 'Datur Vacuum.'","Within a lugubrious coat-of-arms, Hogarth depicts three well-known quacks with a group of twelve portly physicians. The three quacks at the top of the print are Joshua Ward, perhaps the most famous charlatan of his time; Sarah Mapp, a well-known bonesetter; and John Taylor, an oculist. The bewigged physicians dispel the stench of death by sniffing the pomander attached to the top of their canes. According to Hogarth, proper physicians and disreputable quacks are all members of the same Company of Undertakers. The Latin caption, Et plurima mortis imago, translates as \"And many are the faces of death.\"","A sheet full of dozens of images of men and women's caricatured heads, after Hogarth's \"Characters and Caricaturas\" illustration.","A sheet full of dozens of images of men and women's caricatured heads, after Hogarth's \"Characters and Caricaturas\" illustration.","Some materials may be subject to copyright restrictions.","Claude Moore Health Sciences Library","Bernie, Frederick, fl. 1792","Bowles, Henry Carington , 1763 - 1830","Carver, Samuel, 1756-1841","Crowquill, Alfred, 1804-1872","Cruikshank, George, 1792-1878","Dalí, Salvador , 1904-1989","Dighton, Robert, 1752-1814","Dunkarton, Robert, 1744-1815","Faber the Younger, John, 1684-1756","Gans, Sigismund, 1829-1831 ","Genty, Louis François, 1784-1852","Gillray, James, 1756-1815","Grant, Charles Jameson, 1832-1852 (active)","Heath, William, 1795-1840","Hogarth, William, 1697-1764","Hogg, Alexander, c. 1752–1809","Humphrey, Hannah, 1750-1818","Langlumé, Pierre, 1790–1874","Noël, Alphonse Léon, 1807-1884","Pigal, Edme-Jean, 1794-1872","Royce, Edward, 1738–1789","Wales, James Albert, 1852-1886","Wallis, Henry , 1830 - 1916","Grandville, J. J., 1803-1847","English, French, Latin"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.67","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/57"],"normalized_title_ssm":["University of Virginia Medical Illustrations collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["University of Virginia Medical Illustrations collection"],"collection_ssim":["University of Virginia Medical Illustrations collection"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Bernie, Frederick, fl. 1792","Bowles, Henry Carington , 1763 - 1830","Carver, Samuel, 1756-1841","Crowquill, Alfred, 1804-1872","Cruikshank, George, 1792-1878","Dalí, Salvador , 1904-1989","Dighton, Robert, 1752-1814","Dunkarton, Robert, 1744-1815","Faber the Younger, John, 1684-1756","Gans, Sigismund, 1829-1831 ","Genty, Louis François, 1784-1852","Gillray, James, 1756-1815","Grant, Charles Jameson, 1832-1852 (active)","Heath, William, 1795-1840","Hogarth, William, 1697-1764","Hogg, Alexander, c. 1752–1809","Humphrey, Hannah, 1750-1818","Langlumé, Pierre, 1790–1874","Noël, Alphonse Léon, 1807-1884","Pigal, Edme-Jean, 1794-1872","Royce, Edward, 1738–1789","Wales, James Albert, 1852-1886","Wallis, Henry , 1830 - 1916"],"creator_ssim":["Bernie, Frederick, fl. 1792","Bowles, Henry Carington , 1763 - 1830","Carver, Samuel, 1756-1841","Crowquill, Alfred, 1804-1872","Cruikshank, George, 1792-1878","Dalí, Salvador , 1904-1989","Dighton, Robert, 1752-1814","Dunkarton, Robert, 1744-1815","Faber the Younger, John, 1684-1756","Gans, Sigismund, 1829-1831 ","Genty, Louis François, 1784-1852","Gillray, James, 1756-1815","Grant, Charles Jameson, 1832-1852 (active)","Heath, William, 1795-1840","Hogarth, William, 1697-1764","Hogg, Alexander, c. 1752–1809","Humphrey, Hannah, 1750-1818","Langlumé, Pierre, 1790–1874","Noël, Alphonse Léon, 1807-1884","Pigal, Edme-Jean, 1794-1872","Royce, Edward, 1738–1789","Wales, James Albert, 1852-1886","Wallis, Henry , 1830 - 1916"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Bernie, Frederick, fl. 1792","Bowles, Henry Carington , 1763 - 1830","Carver, Samuel, 1756-1841","Crowquill, Alfred, 1804-1872","Cruikshank, George, 1792-1878","Dalí, Salvador , 1904-1989","Dighton, Robert, 1752-1814","Dunkarton, Robert, 1744-1815","Faber the Younger, John, 1684-1756","Gans, Sigismund, 1829-1831 ","Genty, Louis François, 1784-1852","Gillray, James, 1756-1815","Grant, Charles Jameson, 1832-1852 (active)","Heath, William, 1795-1840","Hogarth, William, 1697-1764","Hogg, Alexander, c. 1752–1809","Humphrey, Hannah, 1750-1818","Langlumé, Pierre, 1790–1874","Noël, Alphonse Léon, 1807-1884","Pigal, Edme-Jean, 1794-1872","Royce, Edward, 1738–1789","Wales, James Albert, 1852-1886","Wallis, Henry , 1830 - 1916"],"creators_ssim":["Bernie, Frederick, fl. 1792","Bowles, Henry Carington , 1763 - 1830","Carver, Samuel, 1756-1841","Crowquill, Alfred, 1804-1872","Cruikshank, George, 1792-1878","Dalí, Salvador , 1904-1989","Dighton, Robert, 1752-1814","Dunkarton, Robert, 1744-1815","Faber the Younger, John, 1684-1756","Gans, Sigismund, 1829-1831 ","Genty, Louis François, 1784-1852","Gillray, James, 1756-1815","Grant, Charles Jameson, 1832-1852 (active)","Heath, William, 1795-1840","Hogarth, William, 1697-1764","Hogg, Alexander, c. 1752–1809","Humphrey, Hannah, 1750-1818","Langlumé, Pierre, 1790–1874","Noël, Alphonse Léon, 1807-1884","Pigal, Edme-Jean, 1794-1872","Royce, Edward, 1738–1789","Wales, James Albert, 1852-1886","Wallis, Henry , 1830 - 1916"],"access_terms_ssm":["Some materials may be subject to copyright restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The bulk of the illustrations in the collection were donated by Dr. Claude Coleman to the Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery Department at the University of Virginia. The collection was transferred to the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library in approximately 2009."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Illustrators","Medical libraries","cartoons (humorous images)","drawings (visual works)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Illustrators","Medical libraries","cartoons (humorous images)","drawings (visual works)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"digital_objects_ssm":["{\"label\":\"“Very Ill!”: The Many Faces of Medical Caricature in Nineteenth-Century England \u0026 France Online Exhibit\",\"href\":\"https://wayback.archive-it.org/18731/20250701185054/https://exhibits.hsl.virginia.edu/caricatures/\"}"],"physdesc_tesim":["7.5 linear feet: 4 boxes with dimensions 16 in x 20 in x 3.5 in 2 document boxes"],"extent_ssm":["7 boxes (7 containers)"],"extent_tesim":["7 boxes (7 containers)"],"physfacet_tesim":["77.0 linear inches "],"genreform_ssim":["cartoons (humorous images)","drawings (visual works)"],"date_range_isim":[0,1720,1721,1722,1723,1724,1725,1726,1727,1728,1729,1730,1731,1732,1733,1734,1735,1736,1737,1738,1739,1740,1741,1742,1743,1744,1745,1746,1747,1748,1749,1750,1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clegalstatus id=\"aspace_761807940929756b048fd8cece628502\"\u003eAuthenticated by Medicine Rara 185 Madison Ave, NY, NY 10016.\u003c/legalstatus\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research.","Authenticated by Medicine Rara 185 Madison Ave, NY, NY 10016."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe illustrations are arranged by the name of their illustrator, and by chronology, then grouped by the subject of the drawing. The exceptions to this arrangement are items where the artist or subject is unknown or if there is no series for individual artists.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The illustrations are arranged by the name of their illustrator, and by chronology, then grouped by the subject of the drawing. The exceptions to this arrangement are items where the artist or subject is unknown or if there is no series for individual artists."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe University of Virginia has taught the study of human anatomy as part of the medical curriculum since its first session in 1825. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe creator of several of the drawings in the collection, Harvey E. Jordan (1878-1963), was on the faculty of the School of Medicine at the University of Virginia between 1907 and 1949 and had a strong interest in anatomy throughout his career. Jordan served as a Professor of Histology and Embryology, Director of Anatomical Laboratories, and, from 1938 to 1949, as the Dean of the Department of Medicine (in 1950 the title changed to \"Dean of the School of Medicine\"). During his tenure as Dean, Jordan started a Division of Medical Illustration at the Univeristy. Among the many professional societies to which he belonged was the American Association of Anatomists, and throughout his career he wrote many papers on the subject of microscopic anatomy.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to Harvey E. Jordan, the collection also contains work by illustrators including P. Le Paumier, Helen Lorraine, and Ted Bloodhart. P. Le Paumier (dates unknown) was a French illustrator whose work was published in the book \u003ci\u003eTravaux pratiques d'anatomie. Cahier d'ostéologie,\u003c/i\u003e by French anatomist André Latarjet (1877-1947). Helen Lorraine (1892-1980) was a medical illustrator who graduated from Johns Hopkins School of Art as Applied to Medicine (1916) and studied under Max Brodel and J. Shelton Horsley. Lorraine's illustrations were produced for Dr. Charles Bruce Morton (1908-1966), a University of Virginia School of Medicine graduate (B.S. 1920, M.D. 1922) and professor of Surgery and Gynecology at UVA from 1927 to 1954. Little is known about the other illustrators. Some works in the collection are not identified.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAnother set of prints included in this collection are the Elizabeth Mandell historical prints collection, which consists of prints, illustrations, and pages from an unidentified text. Items include 3 anatomical plates; 3 surgical plates; and a print of a physician and patient from the Illustrated Times, London Dec. 8, 1880. Also included: an image of a doctor and patients from an \"extra supplement to the Illustrated London News, May 19, 187?\"; and illustrations from the International Medical and Sanitary Exposition. The 4 loose pages contain an entry on Anatomy and are taken from the same text as the anatomical and surgical plates (possibly an encyclopedia).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 2026, the English and French caricatures were added to the collection. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The University of Virginia has taught the study of human anatomy as part of the medical curriculum since its first session in 1825. ","The creator of several of the drawings in the collection, Harvey E. Jordan (1878-1963), was on the faculty of the School of Medicine at the University of Virginia between 1907 and 1949 and had a strong interest in anatomy throughout his career. Jordan served as a Professor of Histology and Embryology, Director of Anatomical Laboratories, and, from 1938 to 1949, as the Dean of the Department of Medicine (in 1950 the title changed to \"Dean of the School of Medicine\"). During his tenure as Dean, Jordan started a Division of Medical Illustration at the Univeristy. Among the many professional societies to which he belonged was the American Association of Anatomists, and throughout his career he wrote many papers on the subject of microscopic anatomy.","In addition to Harvey E. Jordan, the collection also contains work by illustrators including P. Le Paumier, Helen Lorraine, and Ted Bloodhart. P. Le Paumier (dates unknown) was a French illustrator whose work was published in the book  Travaux pratiques d'anatomie. Cahier d'ostéologie,  by French anatomist André Latarjet (1877-1947). Helen Lorraine (1892-1980) was a medical illustrator who graduated from Johns Hopkins School of Art as Applied to Medicine (1916) and studied under Max Brodel and J. Shelton Horsley. Lorraine's illustrations were produced for Dr. Charles Bruce Morton (1908-1966), a University of Virginia School of Medicine graduate (B.S. 1920, M.D. 1922) and professor of Surgery and Gynecology at UVA from 1927 to 1954. Little is known about the other illustrators. Some works in the collection are not identified.","Another set of prints included in this collection are the Elizabeth Mandell historical prints collection, which consists of prints, illustrations, and pages from an unidentified text. Items include 3 anatomical plates; 3 surgical plates; and a print of a physician and patient from the Illustrated Times, London Dec. 8, 1880. Also included: an image of a doctor and patients from an \"extra supplement to the Illustrated London News, May 19, 187?\"; and illustrations from the International Medical and Sanitary Exposition. The 4 loose pages contain an entry on Anatomy and are taken from the same text as the anatomical and surgical plates (possibly an encyclopedia).","In 2026, the English and French caricatures were added to the collection. "],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll of these illustrations were digitized and curated in an online exhibit written by Sara Huyser and Janet Pearson, members of the staff of Historical Collections and Services at the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, University of Virginia. Steve Stedman designed the Web exhibit. Special thanks to Joan Echtenkamp Klein and Andrew Sallans for their assistance.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe web archived exhibit can be found via the Internet Archive's Wayback Machine here: \u003cextref\u003ehttps://web.archive.org/web/20251212135051/https://exhibits.hsl.virginia.edu/caricatures/index.html\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Other Finding Aids"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["All of these illustrations were digitized and curated in an online exhibit written by Sara Huyser and Janet Pearson, members of the staff of Historical Collections and Services at the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, University of Virginia. Steve Stedman designed the Web exhibit. Special thanks to Joan Echtenkamp Klein and Andrew Sallans for their assistance.","The web archived exhibit can be found via the Internet Archive's Wayback Machine here:  https://web.archive.org/web/20251212135051/https://exhibits.hsl.virginia.edu/caricatures/index.html"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUniversity of Virginia Anatomical Illustrations Collection, #MS-67, Historical Collections \u0026amp; Services, Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["University of Virginia Anatomical Illustrations Collection, #MS-67, Historical Collections \u0026 Services, Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection comprises mostly of anatomical illustrations of humans and animals by professional medical illustrators and medical practioners, but there is a good number of caricatures. Many of the images depict 20th century surgical prodedures; there are also physiological illustrations included in the collection. Most items are drawn in pencil on illustration paper with cardboard backing. In addition, there are some drawings in notepads and on tracing paper.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom The Graphic: an illustrated weekly newspaper, page 109\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e5 figures: 1. extempore dressing on the Battlefield. 2. ward tent and apparatus for steaming throat and bronchial cases, Guy's Hospital. 3. (ditto), St. Mary's Hospital. 4. a bad accident case: London Hospital. 5. bath lift: Middlesex Hospital.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExtra supplement to the Illustrated London News May 19 1877.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCaricature by definition is a representation in which the subject's distinctive features or peculiarities are deliberately exaggerated to produce a comic or grotesque effect. Nineteenth-century medicine provided caricaturists with a wealth of material. Artists humorously exaggerated medical conditions and physical characteristics. Bulbous noses, protruding stomachs, and hunched backs were some of the more common features drawn to extraordinary proportions. Bizarre treatments, massive doses of pills, and excessive bloodletting, prescribed by trained physicians and quack doctors alike, were all lampooned. Suffering and discomfort from disease and the patient's reaction to medical treatment were also fodder for the satirist's pen.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhile some caricatures were straightforward in their message, others contained yet another layer of meaning. Medical conditions could symbolize failed interpersonal relationships, national political affairs, and everything in between. Ailments caused by the follies of fashion, such as ill-fitting footwear or constricting corsets, inspired many drawings. Artists also directly linked illness to excesses in nineteenth-century social life, particularly over-consumption of food and alcohol.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe 37 caricatures displayed in this exhibit are divided into two groups: English and French. The English prints are predominately drawn by two of the more famous British caricaturists, James Gillray and George Cruikshank. The French caricatures include artwork by J.J. Grandville, Louis-Léopold Boilly, and Edme Jean Pigal.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEnglish Caricature:\nPrecariousness of Life\nHeroic Medicine\nPray Remember the Poor Debtors\nQuacks \u0026amp; Nostrums\nDoomed Relationships\nFashionable Follies\nNineteenth-Century Excess\nEnglish Artists\nFootnotes, Bibliography, \u0026amp; Links\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrench Caricature:\nScenes of the Day\nMedicine in France\nMedical Caricatures or Political Commentary?\nHunchbacks: Mocked or Mocker?\nPublic Health: The Need Is Pressing\nWet Nursing: Paying Consumers\nFrench Artists\nFootnotes, Bibliography, \u0026amp; Links\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe caption of this image describes the 'Extraordinary Effects of Morison's Vegetable Pills', re-growing a man's legs overnight. Morison's Vegetable Pills were the brainchild of James Morison (1770-1840) and sold from 1825 onwards. Morison believed that all disease was caused by an impurity of the blood that could only be purged by his vegetable pills. The pills, a laxative based on a variety of herbs, including rhubarb and myrrh, were sold in chemists, grocers and even libraries. Morison believed that his pills could be taken in large doses but a number of deaths proved him wrong. Many labelled him a quack and his pills a poison. The print is by Charles Grant Jameson (active 1832-1850); artist: Grant, Charles Jameson; maker: J Kendrick; place made: London, England, United Kingdom.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColored etching by G[eorge] Cruikshank: Source of the Southwark Water Works, or [headed] Salus Populi Suprema Lex. Published by S. Knight, [1832]. 51x32.5cm. Printed on broadsheet with text poem beneath: Royal Address of Cadwallader... water-king of Southwark [John Edwards]. Concern at pollution and threat to public health. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe satirical poem 'Royal Address of Cadwallader ap-Tudor ap-Edwards ap-Vaughan, Water-King of Southwark', published in 1832, is a comment on the pollution of the River Thames, the main water supply for London. The crowd chants \"Give us clean water\" and \"We shall get the cholera\" – 1832 being the year that a major cholera epidemic hit London. The writer of the poem and the people in the illustration appear to believe that cholera is spread by vapours from rotting waste – the miasma theory of disease. However, John Snow (1813-1858) discovered that cholera is a water-borne disease. Despite this, many physicians still accepted the miasma theory. The illustration was drawn by the artist and caricaturist George Cruikshank (1792-1878).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInscription: Lettered with title, \"Ex Marmore Antiquo,\" three lines of description of subject beginning \"He grounded his Precepts upon Aesculapius. ...,\" and production details: \"P. P. Rubens Del.,\" \"I. Faber Fecit,\" and \"Printed for \u0026amp; Sold by Tho: Bowles next the Chapter House in St. Pauls Ch. Yard and John Bowles at the Black Horse in Cornhill.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis satirical response to \"fast living\" centers on a figure whose left side is a skeleton holding a spade before a tombstone lettered with a quote from Romans 6.23, \"The wages of sin is death,\" with other biblical admonishments below. The figure's right side is fashionably dressed living aristocrat standing in a parkland with a temple similar to one at Stowe in Buckinghamshire. Emblems of the Order of the Garter are part of the man's dress and items that refer to gambling and partying are strewn around his buckled shoe. These include part of a \"EO\" wheel (an 18th century game similar to roulette), dice and a shaker, cards, and a masquerade ticket to the Pantheon in London. A scroll that confirms the man's \"Pedigree\" suggests that rank offers no protection from mortality.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis cartoon by J. A. Wales.found in Puck on April 14, 1880 satirizes the Eclectic Medical College of Pennsylvania, a diploma mill selling fake medical degrees in the later decades of the 19th century. \"Professor Grind-Em-Out\" is, no doubt, the school's \"Dean,\" John Buchanan, who was finally arrested in 1880, due in part to his exposure in the popular media.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEtching depicting a group of male academics and students, many wearing mortar boards, gathered around a professor who reads form a book inscribed 'Datur Vacuum.'\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWithin a lugubrious coat-of-arms, Hogarth depicts three well-known quacks with a group of twelve portly physicians. The three quacks at the top of the print are Joshua Ward, perhaps the most famous charlatan of his time; Sarah Mapp, a well-known bonesetter; and John Taylor, an oculist. The bewigged physicians dispel the stench of death by sniffing the pomander attached to the top of their canes. According to Hogarth, proper physicians and disreputable quacks are all members of the same Company of Undertakers. The Latin caption, Et plurima mortis imago, translates as \"And many are the faces of death.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA sheet full of dozens of images of men and women's caricatured heads, after Hogarth's \"Characters and Caricaturas\" illustration.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA sheet full of dozens of images of men and women's caricatured heads, after Hogarth's \"Characters and Caricaturas\" illustration.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection comprises mostly of anatomical illustrations of humans and animals by professional medical illustrators and medical practioners, but there is a good number of caricatures. Many of the images depict 20th century surgical prodedures; there are also physiological illustrations included in the collection. Most items are drawn in pencil on illustration paper with cardboard backing. In addition, there are some drawings in notepads and on tracing paper.","From The Graphic: an illustrated weekly newspaper, page 109","5 figures: 1. extempore dressing on the Battlefield. 2. ward tent and apparatus for steaming throat and bronchial cases, Guy's Hospital. 3. (ditto), St. Mary's Hospital. 4. a bad accident case: London Hospital. 5. bath lift: Middlesex Hospital.","Extra supplement to the Illustrated London News May 19 1877.","Caricature by definition is a representation in which the subject's distinctive features or peculiarities are deliberately exaggerated to produce a comic or grotesque effect. Nineteenth-century medicine provided caricaturists with a wealth of material. Artists humorously exaggerated medical conditions and physical characteristics. Bulbous noses, protruding stomachs, and hunched backs were some of the more common features drawn to extraordinary proportions. Bizarre treatments, massive doses of pills, and excessive bloodletting, prescribed by trained physicians and quack doctors alike, were all lampooned. Suffering and discomfort from disease and the patient's reaction to medical treatment were also fodder for the satirist's pen.","While some caricatures were straightforward in their message, others contained yet another layer of meaning. Medical conditions could symbolize failed interpersonal relationships, national political affairs, and everything in between. Ailments caused by the follies of fashion, such as ill-fitting footwear or constricting corsets, inspired many drawings. Artists also directly linked illness to excesses in nineteenth-century social life, particularly over-consumption of food and alcohol.","The 37 caricatures displayed in this exhibit are divided into two groups: English and French. The English prints are predominately drawn by two of the more famous British caricaturists, James Gillray and George Cruikshank. The French caricatures include artwork by J.J. Grandville, Louis-Léopold Boilly, and Edme Jean Pigal.","English Caricature:\nPrecariousness of Life\nHeroic Medicine\nPray Remember the Poor Debtors\nQuacks \u0026 Nostrums\nDoomed Relationships\nFashionable Follies\nNineteenth-Century Excess\nEnglish Artists\nFootnotes, Bibliography, \u0026 Links","French Caricature:\nScenes of the Day\nMedicine in France\nMedical Caricatures or Political Commentary?\nHunchbacks: Mocked or Mocker?\nPublic Health: The Need Is Pressing\nWet Nursing: Paying Consumers\nFrench Artists\nFootnotes, Bibliography, \u0026 Links","The caption of this image describes the 'Extraordinary Effects of Morison's Vegetable Pills', re-growing a man's legs overnight. Morison's Vegetable Pills were the brainchild of James Morison (1770-1840) and sold from 1825 onwards. Morison believed that all disease was caused by an impurity of the blood that could only be purged by his vegetable pills. The pills, a laxative based on a variety of herbs, including rhubarb and myrrh, were sold in chemists, grocers and even libraries. Morison believed that his pills could be taken in large doses but a number of deaths proved him wrong. Many labelled him a quack and his pills a poison. The print is by Charles Grant Jameson (active 1832-1850); artist: Grant, Charles Jameson; maker: J Kendrick; place made: London, England, United Kingdom.","Colored etching by G[eorge] Cruikshank: Source of the Southwark Water Works, or [headed] Salus Populi Suprema Lex. Published by S. Knight, [1832]. 51x32.5cm. Printed on broadsheet with text poem beneath: Royal Address of Cadwallader... water-king of Southwark [John Edwards]. Concern at pollution and threat to public health. ","The satirical poem 'Royal Address of Cadwallader ap-Tudor ap-Edwards ap-Vaughan, Water-King of Southwark', published in 1832, is a comment on the pollution of the River Thames, the main water supply for London. The crowd chants \"Give us clean water\" and \"We shall get the cholera\" – 1832 being the year that a major cholera epidemic hit London. The writer of the poem and the people in the illustration appear to believe that cholera is spread by vapours from rotting waste – the miasma theory of disease. However, John Snow (1813-1858) discovered that cholera is a water-borne disease. Despite this, many physicians still accepted the miasma theory. The illustration was drawn by the artist and caricaturist George Cruikshank (1792-1878).","Inscription: Lettered with title, \"Ex Marmore Antiquo,\" three lines of description of subject beginning \"He grounded his Precepts upon Aesculapius. ...,\" and production details: \"P. P. Rubens Del.,\" \"I. Faber Fecit,\" and \"Printed for \u0026 Sold by Tho: Bowles next the Chapter House in St. Pauls Ch. Yard and John Bowles at the Black Horse in Cornhill.\"","This satirical response to \"fast living\" centers on a figure whose left side is a skeleton holding a spade before a tombstone lettered with a quote from Romans 6.23, \"The wages of sin is death,\" with other biblical admonishments below. The figure's right side is fashionably dressed living aristocrat standing in a parkland with a temple similar to one at Stowe in Buckinghamshire. Emblems of the Order of the Garter are part of the man's dress and items that refer to gambling and partying are strewn around his buckled shoe. These include part of a \"EO\" wheel (an 18th century game similar to roulette), dice and a shaker, cards, and a masquerade ticket to the Pantheon in London. A scroll that confirms the man's \"Pedigree\" suggests that rank offers no protection from mortality.","This cartoon by J. A. Wales.found in Puck on April 14, 1880 satirizes the Eclectic Medical College of Pennsylvania, a diploma mill selling fake medical degrees in the later decades of the 19th century. \"Professor Grind-Em-Out\" is, no doubt, the school's \"Dean,\" John Buchanan, who was finally arrested in 1880, due in part to his exposure in the popular media.","Etching depicting a group of male academics and students, many wearing mortar boards, gathered around a professor who reads form a book inscribed 'Datur Vacuum.'","Within a lugubrious coat-of-arms, Hogarth depicts three well-known quacks with a group of twelve portly physicians. The three quacks at the top of the print are Joshua Ward, perhaps the most famous charlatan of his time; Sarah Mapp, a well-known bonesetter; and John Taylor, an oculist. The bewigged physicians dispel the stench of death by sniffing the pomander attached to the top of their canes. According to Hogarth, proper physicians and disreputable quacks are all members of the same Company of Undertakers. The Latin caption, Et plurima mortis imago, translates as \"And many are the faces of death.\"","A sheet full of dozens of images of men and women's caricatured heads, after Hogarth's \"Characters and Caricaturas\" illustration.","A sheet full of dozens of images of men and women's caricatured heads, after Hogarth's \"Characters and Caricaturas\" illustration."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSome materials may be subject to copyright restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Some materials may be subject to copyright restrictions."],"names_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library","Bernie, Frederick, fl. 1792","Bowles, Henry Carington , 1763 - 1830","Carver, Samuel, 1756-1841","Crowquill, Alfred, 1804-1872","Cruikshank, George, 1792-1878","Dalí, Salvador , 1904-1989","Dighton, Robert, 1752-1814","Dunkarton, Robert, 1744-1815","Faber the Younger, John, 1684-1756","Gans, Sigismund, 1829-1831 ","Genty, Louis François, 1784-1852","Gillray, James, 1756-1815","Grant, Charles Jameson, 1832-1852 (active)","Heath, William, 1795-1840","Hogarth, William, 1697-1764","Hogg, Alexander, c. 1752–1809","Humphrey, Hannah, 1750-1818","Langlumé, Pierre, 1790–1874","Noël, Alphonse Léon, 1807-1884","Pigal, Edme-Jean, 1794-1872","Royce, Edward, 1738–1789","Wales, James Albert, 1852-1886","Wallis, Henry , 1830 - 1916","Grandville, J. J., 1803-1847"],"corpname_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library"],"names_coll_ssim":["Gans, Sigismund, 1829-1831 ","Humphrey, Hannah, 1750-1818"],"persname_ssim":["Bernie, Frederick, fl. 1792","Bowles, Henry Carington , 1763 - 1830","Carver, Samuel, 1756-1841","Crowquill, Alfred, 1804-1872","Cruikshank, George, 1792-1878","Dalí, Salvador , 1904-1989","Dighton, Robert, 1752-1814","Dunkarton, Robert, 1744-1815","Faber the Younger, John, 1684-1756","Gans, Sigismund, 1829-1831 ","Genty, Louis François, 1784-1852","Gillray, James, 1756-1815","Grant, Charles Jameson, 1832-1852 (active)","Heath, William, 1795-1840","Hogarth, William, 1697-1764","Hogg, Alexander, c. 1752–1809","Humphrey, Hannah, 1750-1818","Langlumé, Pierre, 1790–1874","Noël, Alphonse Léon, 1807-1884","Pigal, Edme-Jean, 1794-1872","Royce, Edward, 1738–1789","Wales, James Albert, 1852-1886","Wallis, Henry , 1830 - 1916","Grandville, J. J., 1803-1847"],"language_ssim":["English, French, Latin"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":248,"online_item_count_is":2,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:33:21.103Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_7_resources_57","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_57","_root_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_57","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_57","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_7_resources_57.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/56","title_ssm":["University of Virginia Medical Illustrations collection"],"title_tesim":["University of Virginia Medical Illustrations collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1720-1969","undated"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["undated"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1720-1969"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.67","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/57"],"text":["MS.67","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/57","University of Virginia Medical Illustrations collection","Illustrators","Medical libraries","cartoons (humorous images)","drawings (visual works)","7.5 linear feet: 4 boxes with dimensions 16 in x 20 in x 3.5 in 2 document boxes","Collection is open to research.","Authenticated by Medicine Rara 185 Madison Ave, NY, NY 10016.","The illustrations are arranged by the name of their illustrator, and by chronology, then grouped by the subject of the drawing. The exceptions to this arrangement are items where the artist or subject is unknown or if there is no series for individual artists.","The University of Virginia has taught the study of human anatomy as part of the medical curriculum since its first session in 1825. ","The creator of several of the drawings in the collection, Harvey E. Jordan (1878-1963), was on the faculty of the School of Medicine at the University of Virginia between 1907 and 1949 and had a strong interest in anatomy throughout his career. Jordan served as a Professor of Histology and Embryology, Director of Anatomical Laboratories, and, from 1938 to 1949, as the Dean of the Department of Medicine (in 1950 the title changed to \"Dean of the School of Medicine\"). During his tenure as Dean, Jordan started a Division of Medical Illustration at the Univeristy. Among the many professional societies to which he belonged was the American Association of Anatomists, and throughout his career he wrote many papers on the subject of microscopic anatomy.","In addition to Harvey E. Jordan, the collection also contains work by illustrators including P. Le Paumier, Helen Lorraine, and Ted Bloodhart. P. Le Paumier (dates unknown) was a French illustrator whose work was published in the book  Travaux pratiques d'anatomie. Cahier d'ostéologie,  by French anatomist André Latarjet (1877-1947). Helen Lorraine (1892-1980) was a medical illustrator who graduated from Johns Hopkins School of Art as Applied to Medicine (1916) and studied under Max Brodel and J. Shelton Horsley. Lorraine's illustrations were produced for Dr. Charles Bruce Morton (1908-1966), a University of Virginia School of Medicine graduate (B.S. 1920, M.D. 1922) and professor of Surgery and Gynecology at UVA from 1927 to 1954. Little is known about the other illustrators. Some works in the collection are not identified.","Another set of prints included in this collection are the Elizabeth Mandell historical prints collection, which consists of prints, illustrations, and pages from an unidentified text. Items include 3 anatomical plates; 3 surgical plates; and a print of a physician and patient from the Illustrated Times, London Dec. 8, 1880. Also included: an image of a doctor and patients from an \"extra supplement to the Illustrated London News, May 19, 187?\"; and illustrations from the International Medical and Sanitary Exposition. The 4 loose pages contain an entry on Anatomy and are taken from the same text as the anatomical and surgical plates (possibly an encyclopedia).","In 2026, the English and French caricatures were added to the collection. ","The collection comprises mostly of anatomical illustrations of humans and animals by professional medical illustrators and medical practioners, but there is a good number of caricatures. Many of the images depict 20th century surgical prodedures; there are also physiological illustrations included in the collection. Most items are drawn in pencil on illustration paper with cardboard backing. In addition, there are some drawings in notepads and on tracing paper.","From The Graphic: an illustrated weekly newspaper, page 109","5 figures: 1. extempore dressing on the Battlefield. 2. ward tent and apparatus for steaming throat and bronchial cases, Guy's Hospital. 3. (ditto), St. Mary's Hospital. 4. a bad accident case: London Hospital. 5. bath lift: Middlesex Hospital.","Extra supplement to the Illustrated London News May 19 1877.","Caricature by definition is a representation in which the subject's distinctive features or peculiarities are deliberately exaggerated to produce a comic or grotesque effect. Nineteenth-century medicine provided caricaturists with a wealth of material. Artists humorously exaggerated medical conditions and physical characteristics. Bulbous noses, protruding stomachs, and hunched backs were some of the more common features drawn to extraordinary proportions. Bizarre treatments, massive doses of pills, and excessive bloodletting, prescribed by trained physicians and quack doctors alike, were all lampooned. Suffering and discomfort from disease and the patient's reaction to medical treatment were also fodder for the satirist's pen.","While some caricatures were straightforward in their message, others contained yet another layer of meaning. Medical conditions could symbolize failed interpersonal relationships, national political affairs, and everything in between. Ailments caused by the follies of fashion, such as ill-fitting footwear or constricting corsets, inspired many drawings. Artists also directly linked illness to excesses in nineteenth-century social life, particularly over-consumption of food and alcohol.","The 37 caricatures displayed in this exhibit are divided into two groups: English and French. The English prints are predominately drawn by two of the more famous British caricaturists, James Gillray and George Cruikshank. The French caricatures include artwork by J.J. Grandville, Louis-Léopold Boilly, and Edme Jean Pigal.","English Caricature:\nPrecariousness of Life\nHeroic Medicine\nPray Remember the Poor Debtors\nQuacks \u0026 Nostrums\nDoomed Relationships\nFashionable Follies\nNineteenth-Century Excess\nEnglish Artists\nFootnotes, Bibliography, \u0026 Links","French Caricature:\nScenes of the Day\nMedicine in France\nMedical Caricatures or Political Commentary?\nHunchbacks: Mocked or Mocker?\nPublic Health: The Need Is Pressing\nWet Nursing: Paying Consumers\nFrench Artists\nFootnotes, Bibliography, \u0026 Links","The caption of this image describes the 'Extraordinary Effects of Morison's Vegetable Pills', re-growing a man's legs overnight. Morison's Vegetable Pills were the brainchild of James Morison (1770-1840) and sold from 1825 onwards. Morison believed that all disease was caused by an impurity of the blood that could only be purged by his vegetable pills. The pills, a laxative based on a variety of herbs, including rhubarb and myrrh, were sold in chemists, grocers and even libraries. Morison believed that his pills could be taken in large doses but a number of deaths proved him wrong. Many labelled him a quack and his pills a poison. The print is by Charles Grant Jameson (active 1832-1850); artist: Grant, Charles Jameson; maker: J Kendrick; place made: London, England, United Kingdom.","Colored etching by G[eorge] Cruikshank: Source of the Southwark Water Works, or [headed] Salus Populi Suprema Lex. Published by S. Knight, [1832]. 51x32.5cm. Printed on broadsheet with text poem beneath: Royal Address of Cadwallader... water-king of Southwark [John Edwards]. Concern at pollution and threat to public health. ","The satirical poem 'Royal Address of Cadwallader ap-Tudor ap-Edwards ap-Vaughan, Water-King of Southwark', published in 1832, is a comment on the pollution of the River Thames, the main water supply for London. The crowd chants \"Give us clean water\" and \"We shall get the cholera\" – 1832 being the year that a major cholera epidemic hit London. The writer of the poem and the people in the illustration appear to believe that cholera is spread by vapours from rotting waste – the miasma theory of disease. However, John Snow (1813-1858) discovered that cholera is a water-borne disease. Despite this, many physicians still accepted the miasma theory. The illustration was drawn by the artist and caricaturist George Cruikshank (1792-1878).","Inscription: Lettered with title, \"Ex Marmore Antiquo,\" three lines of description of subject beginning \"He grounded his Precepts upon Aesculapius. ...,\" and production details: \"P. P. Rubens Del.,\" \"I. Faber Fecit,\" and \"Printed for \u0026 Sold by Tho: Bowles next the Chapter House in St. Pauls Ch. Yard and John Bowles at the Black Horse in Cornhill.\"","This satirical response to \"fast living\" centers on a figure whose left side is a skeleton holding a spade before a tombstone lettered with a quote from Romans 6.23, \"The wages of sin is death,\" with other biblical admonishments below. The figure's right side is fashionably dressed living aristocrat standing in a parkland with a temple similar to one at Stowe in Buckinghamshire. Emblems of the Order of the Garter are part of the man's dress and items that refer to gambling and partying are strewn around his buckled shoe. These include part of a \"EO\" wheel (an 18th century game similar to roulette), dice and a shaker, cards, and a masquerade ticket to the Pantheon in London. A scroll that confirms the man's \"Pedigree\" suggests that rank offers no protection from mortality.","This cartoon by J. A. Wales.found in Puck on April 14, 1880 satirizes the Eclectic Medical College of Pennsylvania, a diploma mill selling fake medical degrees in the later decades of the 19th century. \"Professor Grind-Em-Out\" is, no doubt, the school's \"Dean,\" John Buchanan, who was finally arrested in 1880, due in part to his exposure in the popular media.","Etching depicting a group of male academics and students, many wearing mortar boards, gathered around a professor who reads form a book inscribed 'Datur Vacuum.'","Within a lugubrious coat-of-arms, Hogarth depicts three well-known quacks with a group of twelve portly physicians. The three quacks at the top of the print are Joshua Ward, perhaps the most famous charlatan of his time; Sarah Mapp, a well-known bonesetter; and John Taylor, an oculist. The bewigged physicians dispel the stench of death by sniffing the pomander attached to the top of their canes. According to Hogarth, proper physicians and disreputable quacks are all members of the same Company of Undertakers. The Latin caption, Et plurima mortis imago, translates as \"And many are the faces of death.\"","A sheet full of dozens of images of men and women's caricatured heads, after Hogarth's \"Characters and Caricaturas\" illustration.","A sheet full of dozens of images of men and women's caricatured heads, after Hogarth's \"Characters and Caricaturas\" illustration.","Some materials may be subject to copyright restrictions.","Claude Moore Health Sciences Library","Bernie, Frederick, fl. 1792","Bowles, Henry Carington , 1763 - 1830","Carver, Samuel, 1756-1841","Crowquill, Alfred, 1804-1872","Cruikshank, George, 1792-1878","Dalí, Salvador , 1904-1989","Dighton, Robert, 1752-1814","Dunkarton, Robert, 1744-1815","Faber the Younger, John, 1684-1756","Gans, Sigismund, 1829-1831 ","Genty, Louis François, 1784-1852","Gillray, James, 1756-1815","Grant, Charles Jameson, 1832-1852 (active)","Heath, William, 1795-1840","Hogarth, William, 1697-1764","Hogg, Alexander, c. 1752–1809","Humphrey, Hannah, 1750-1818","Langlumé, Pierre, 1790–1874","Noël, Alphonse Léon, 1807-1884","Pigal, Edme-Jean, 1794-1872","Royce, Edward, 1738–1789","Wales, James Albert, 1852-1886","Wallis, Henry , 1830 - 1916","Grandville, J. J., 1803-1847","English, French, Latin"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.67","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/57"],"normalized_title_ssm":["University of Virginia Medical Illustrations collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["University of Virginia Medical Illustrations collection"],"collection_ssim":["University of Virginia Medical Illustrations collection"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Bernie, Frederick, fl. 1792","Bowles, Henry Carington , 1763 - 1830","Carver, Samuel, 1756-1841","Crowquill, Alfred, 1804-1872","Cruikshank, George, 1792-1878","Dalí, Salvador , 1904-1989","Dighton, Robert, 1752-1814","Dunkarton, Robert, 1744-1815","Faber the Younger, John, 1684-1756","Gans, Sigismund, 1829-1831 ","Genty, Louis François, 1784-1852","Gillray, James, 1756-1815","Grant, Charles Jameson, 1832-1852 (active)","Heath, William, 1795-1840","Hogarth, William, 1697-1764","Hogg, Alexander, c. 1752–1809","Humphrey, Hannah, 1750-1818","Langlumé, Pierre, 1790–1874","Noël, Alphonse Léon, 1807-1884","Pigal, Edme-Jean, 1794-1872","Royce, Edward, 1738–1789","Wales, James Albert, 1852-1886","Wallis, Henry , 1830 - 1916"],"creator_ssim":["Bernie, Frederick, fl. 1792","Bowles, Henry Carington , 1763 - 1830","Carver, Samuel, 1756-1841","Crowquill, Alfred, 1804-1872","Cruikshank, George, 1792-1878","Dalí, Salvador , 1904-1989","Dighton, Robert, 1752-1814","Dunkarton, Robert, 1744-1815","Faber the Younger, John, 1684-1756","Gans, Sigismund, 1829-1831 ","Genty, Louis François, 1784-1852","Gillray, James, 1756-1815","Grant, Charles Jameson, 1832-1852 (active)","Heath, William, 1795-1840","Hogarth, William, 1697-1764","Hogg, Alexander, c. 1752–1809","Humphrey, Hannah, 1750-1818","Langlumé, Pierre, 1790–1874","Noël, Alphonse Léon, 1807-1884","Pigal, Edme-Jean, 1794-1872","Royce, Edward, 1738–1789","Wales, James Albert, 1852-1886","Wallis, Henry , 1830 - 1916"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Bernie, Frederick, fl. 1792","Bowles, Henry Carington , 1763 - 1830","Carver, Samuel, 1756-1841","Crowquill, Alfred, 1804-1872","Cruikshank, George, 1792-1878","Dalí, Salvador , 1904-1989","Dighton, Robert, 1752-1814","Dunkarton, Robert, 1744-1815","Faber the Younger, John, 1684-1756","Gans, Sigismund, 1829-1831 ","Genty, Louis François, 1784-1852","Gillray, James, 1756-1815","Grant, Charles Jameson, 1832-1852 (active)","Heath, William, 1795-1840","Hogarth, William, 1697-1764","Hogg, Alexander, c. 1752–1809","Humphrey, Hannah, 1750-1818","Langlumé, Pierre, 1790–1874","Noël, Alphonse Léon, 1807-1884","Pigal, Edme-Jean, 1794-1872","Royce, Edward, 1738–1789","Wales, James Albert, 1852-1886","Wallis, Henry , 1830 - 1916"],"creators_ssim":["Bernie, Frederick, fl. 1792","Bowles, Henry Carington , 1763 - 1830","Carver, Samuel, 1756-1841","Crowquill, Alfred, 1804-1872","Cruikshank, George, 1792-1878","Dalí, Salvador , 1904-1989","Dighton, Robert, 1752-1814","Dunkarton, Robert, 1744-1815","Faber the Younger, John, 1684-1756","Gans, Sigismund, 1829-1831 ","Genty, Louis François, 1784-1852","Gillray, James, 1756-1815","Grant, Charles Jameson, 1832-1852 (active)","Heath, William, 1795-1840","Hogarth, William, 1697-1764","Hogg, Alexander, c. 1752–1809","Humphrey, Hannah, 1750-1818","Langlumé, Pierre, 1790–1874","Noël, Alphonse Léon, 1807-1884","Pigal, Edme-Jean, 1794-1872","Royce, Edward, 1738–1789","Wales, James Albert, 1852-1886","Wallis, Henry , 1830 - 1916"],"access_terms_ssm":["Some materials may be subject to copyright restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The bulk of the illustrations in the collection were donated by Dr. Claude Coleman to the Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery Department at the University of Virginia. The collection was transferred to the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library in approximately 2009."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Illustrators","Medical libraries","cartoons (humorous images)","drawings (visual works)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Illustrators","Medical libraries","cartoons (humorous images)","drawings (visual works)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"digital_objects_ssm":["{\"label\":\"“Very Ill!”: The Many Faces of Medical Caricature in Nineteenth-Century England \u0026 France Online Exhibit\",\"href\":\"https://wayback.archive-it.org/18731/20250701185054/https://exhibits.hsl.virginia.edu/caricatures/\"}"],"physdesc_tesim":["7.5 linear feet: 4 boxes with dimensions 16 in x 20 in x 3.5 in 2 document boxes"],"extent_ssm":["7 boxes (7 containers)"],"extent_tesim":["7 boxes (7 containers)"],"physfacet_tesim":["77.0 linear inches "],"genreform_ssim":["cartoons (humorous images)","drawings (visual works)"],"date_range_isim":[0,1720,1721,1722,1723,1724,1725,1726,1727,1728,1729,1730,1731,1732,1733,1734,1735,1736,1737,1738,1739,1740,1741,1742,1743,1744,1745,1746,1747,1748,1749,1750,1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clegalstatus id=\"aspace_761807940929756b048fd8cece628502\"\u003eAuthenticated by Medicine Rara 185 Madison Ave, NY, NY 10016.\u003c/legalstatus\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research.","Authenticated by Medicine Rara 185 Madison Ave, NY, NY 10016."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe illustrations are arranged by the name of their illustrator, and by chronology, then grouped by the subject of the drawing. The exceptions to this arrangement are items where the artist or subject is unknown or if there is no series for individual artists.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The illustrations are arranged by the name of their illustrator, and by chronology, then grouped by the subject of the drawing. The exceptions to this arrangement are items where the artist or subject is unknown or if there is no series for individual artists."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe University of Virginia has taught the study of human anatomy as part of the medical curriculum since its first session in 1825. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe creator of several of the drawings in the collection, Harvey E. Jordan (1878-1963), was on the faculty of the School of Medicine at the University of Virginia between 1907 and 1949 and had a strong interest in anatomy throughout his career. Jordan served as a Professor of Histology and Embryology, Director of Anatomical Laboratories, and, from 1938 to 1949, as the Dean of the Department of Medicine (in 1950 the title changed to \"Dean of the School of Medicine\"). During his tenure as Dean, Jordan started a Division of Medical Illustration at the Univeristy. Among the many professional societies to which he belonged was the American Association of Anatomists, and throughout his career he wrote many papers on the subject of microscopic anatomy.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to Harvey E. Jordan, the collection also contains work by illustrators including P. Le Paumier, Helen Lorraine, and Ted Bloodhart. P. Le Paumier (dates unknown) was a French illustrator whose work was published in the book \u003ci\u003eTravaux pratiques d'anatomie. Cahier d'ostéologie,\u003c/i\u003e by French anatomist André Latarjet (1877-1947). Helen Lorraine (1892-1980) was a medical illustrator who graduated from Johns Hopkins School of Art as Applied to Medicine (1916) and studied under Max Brodel and J. Shelton Horsley. Lorraine's illustrations were produced for Dr. Charles Bruce Morton (1908-1966), a University of Virginia School of Medicine graduate (B.S. 1920, M.D. 1922) and professor of Surgery and Gynecology at UVA from 1927 to 1954. Little is known about the other illustrators. Some works in the collection are not identified.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAnother set of prints included in this collection are the Elizabeth Mandell historical prints collection, which consists of prints, illustrations, and pages from an unidentified text. Items include 3 anatomical plates; 3 surgical plates; and a print of a physician and patient from the Illustrated Times, London Dec. 8, 1880. Also included: an image of a doctor and patients from an \"extra supplement to the Illustrated London News, May 19, 187?\"; and illustrations from the International Medical and Sanitary Exposition. The 4 loose pages contain an entry on Anatomy and are taken from the same text as the anatomical and surgical plates (possibly an encyclopedia).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 2026, the English and French caricatures were added to the collection. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The University of Virginia has taught the study of human anatomy as part of the medical curriculum since its first session in 1825. ","The creator of several of the drawings in the collection, Harvey E. Jordan (1878-1963), was on the faculty of the School of Medicine at the University of Virginia between 1907 and 1949 and had a strong interest in anatomy throughout his career. Jordan served as a Professor of Histology and Embryology, Director of Anatomical Laboratories, and, from 1938 to 1949, as the Dean of the Department of Medicine (in 1950 the title changed to \"Dean of the School of Medicine\"). During his tenure as Dean, Jordan started a Division of Medical Illustration at the Univeristy. Among the many professional societies to which he belonged was the American Association of Anatomists, and throughout his career he wrote many papers on the subject of microscopic anatomy.","In addition to Harvey E. Jordan, the collection also contains work by illustrators including P. Le Paumier, Helen Lorraine, and Ted Bloodhart. P. Le Paumier (dates unknown) was a French illustrator whose work was published in the book  Travaux pratiques d'anatomie. Cahier d'ostéologie,  by French anatomist André Latarjet (1877-1947). Helen Lorraine (1892-1980) was a medical illustrator who graduated from Johns Hopkins School of Art as Applied to Medicine (1916) and studied under Max Brodel and J. Shelton Horsley. Lorraine's illustrations were produced for Dr. Charles Bruce Morton (1908-1966), a University of Virginia School of Medicine graduate (B.S. 1920, M.D. 1922) and professor of Surgery and Gynecology at UVA from 1927 to 1954. Little is known about the other illustrators. Some works in the collection are not identified.","Another set of prints included in this collection are the Elizabeth Mandell historical prints collection, which consists of prints, illustrations, and pages from an unidentified text. Items include 3 anatomical plates; 3 surgical plates; and a print of a physician and patient from the Illustrated Times, London Dec. 8, 1880. Also included: an image of a doctor and patients from an \"extra supplement to the Illustrated London News, May 19, 187?\"; and illustrations from the International Medical and Sanitary Exposition. The 4 loose pages contain an entry on Anatomy and are taken from the same text as the anatomical and surgical plates (possibly an encyclopedia).","In 2026, the English and French caricatures were added to the collection. "],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll of these illustrations were digitized and curated in an online exhibit written by Sara Huyser and Janet Pearson, members of the staff of Historical Collections and Services at the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, University of Virginia. Steve Stedman designed the Web exhibit. Special thanks to Joan Echtenkamp Klein and Andrew Sallans for their assistance.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe web archived exhibit can be found via the Internet Archive's Wayback Machine here: \u003cextref\u003ehttps://web.archive.org/web/20251212135051/https://exhibits.hsl.virginia.edu/caricatures/index.html\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Other Finding Aids"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["All of these illustrations were digitized and curated in an online exhibit written by Sara Huyser and Janet Pearson, members of the staff of Historical Collections and Services at the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, University of Virginia. Steve Stedman designed the Web exhibit. Special thanks to Joan Echtenkamp Klein and Andrew Sallans for their assistance.","The web archived exhibit can be found via the Internet Archive's Wayback Machine here:  https://web.archive.org/web/20251212135051/https://exhibits.hsl.virginia.edu/caricatures/index.html"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUniversity of Virginia Anatomical Illustrations Collection, #MS-67, Historical Collections \u0026amp; Services, Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["University of Virginia Anatomical Illustrations Collection, #MS-67, Historical Collections \u0026 Services, Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection comprises mostly of anatomical illustrations of humans and animals by professional medical illustrators and medical practioners, but there is a good number of caricatures. Many of the images depict 20th century surgical prodedures; there are also physiological illustrations included in the collection. Most items are drawn in pencil on illustration paper with cardboard backing. In addition, there are some drawings in notepads and on tracing paper.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom The Graphic: an illustrated weekly newspaper, page 109\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e5 figures: 1. extempore dressing on the Battlefield. 2. ward tent and apparatus for steaming throat and bronchial cases, Guy's Hospital. 3. (ditto), St. Mary's Hospital. 4. a bad accident case: London Hospital. 5. bath lift: Middlesex Hospital.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExtra supplement to the Illustrated London News May 19 1877.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCaricature by definition is a representation in which the subject's distinctive features or peculiarities are deliberately exaggerated to produce a comic or grotesque effect. Nineteenth-century medicine provided caricaturists with a wealth of material. Artists humorously exaggerated medical conditions and physical characteristics. Bulbous noses, protruding stomachs, and hunched backs were some of the more common features drawn to extraordinary proportions. Bizarre treatments, massive doses of pills, and excessive bloodletting, prescribed by trained physicians and quack doctors alike, were all lampooned. Suffering and discomfort from disease and the patient's reaction to medical treatment were also fodder for the satirist's pen.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhile some caricatures were straightforward in their message, others contained yet another layer of meaning. Medical conditions could symbolize failed interpersonal relationships, national political affairs, and everything in between. Ailments caused by the follies of fashion, such as ill-fitting footwear or constricting corsets, inspired many drawings. Artists also directly linked illness to excesses in nineteenth-century social life, particularly over-consumption of food and alcohol.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe 37 caricatures displayed in this exhibit are divided into two groups: English and French. The English prints are predominately drawn by two of the more famous British caricaturists, James Gillray and George Cruikshank. The French caricatures include artwork by J.J. Grandville, Louis-Léopold Boilly, and Edme Jean Pigal.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEnglish Caricature:\nPrecariousness of Life\nHeroic Medicine\nPray Remember the Poor Debtors\nQuacks \u0026amp; Nostrums\nDoomed Relationships\nFashionable Follies\nNineteenth-Century Excess\nEnglish Artists\nFootnotes, Bibliography, \u0026amp; Links\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrench Caricature:\nScenes of the Day\nMedicine in France\nMedical Caricatures or Political Commentary?\nHunchbacks: Mocked or Mocker?\nPublic Health: The Need Is Pressing\nWet Nursing: Paying Consumers\nFrench Artists\nFootnotes, Bibliography, \u0026amp; Links\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe caption of this image describes the 'Extraordinary Effects of Morison's Vegetable Pills', re-growing a man's legs overnight. Morison's Vegetable Pills were the brainchild of James Morison (1770-1840) and sold from 1825 onwards. Morison believed that all disease was caused by an impurity of the blood that could only be purged by his vegetable pills. The pills, a laxative based on a variety of herbs, including rhubarb and myrrh, were sold in chemists, grocers and even libraries. Morison believed that his pills could be taken in large doses but a number of deaths proved him wrong. Many labelled him a quack and his pills a poison. The print is by Charles Grant Jameson (active 1832-1850); artist: Grant, Charles Jameson; maker: J Kendrick; place made: London, England, United Kingdom.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColored etching by G[eorge] Cruikshank: Source of the Southwark Water Works, or [headed] Salus Populi Suprema Lex. Published by S. Knight, [1832]. 51x32.5cm. Printed on broadsheet with text poem beneath: Royal Address of Cadwallader... water-king of Southwark [John Edwards]. Concern at pollution and threat to public health. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe satirical poem 'Royal Address of Cadwallader ap-Tudor ap-Edwards ap-Vaughan, Water-King of Southwark', published in 1832, is a comment on the pollution of the River Thames, the main water supply for London. The crowd chants \"Give us clean water\" and \"We shall get the cholera\" – 1832 being the year that a major cholera epidemic hit London. The writer of the poem and the people in the illustration appear to believe that cholera is spread by vapours from rotting waste – the miasma theory of disease. However, John Snow (1813-1858) discovered that cholera is a water-borne disease. Despite this, many physicians still accepted the miasma theory. The illustration was drawn by the artist and caricaturist George Cruikshank (1792-1878).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInscription: Lettered with title, \"Ex Marmore Antiquo,\" three lines of description of subject beginning \"He grounded his Precepts upon Aesculapius. ...,\" and production details: \"P. P. Rubens Del.,\" \"I. Faber Fecit,\" and \"Printed for \u0026amp; Sold by Tho: Bowles next the Chapter House in St. Pauls Ch. Yard and John Bowles at the Black Horse in Cornhill.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis satirical response to \"fast living\" centers on a figure whose left side is a skeleton holding a spade before a tombstone lettered with a quote from Romans 6.23, \"The wages of sin is death,\" with other biblical admonishments below. The figure's right side is fashionably dressed living aristocrat standing in a parkland with a temple similar to one at Stowe in Buckinghamshire. Emblems of the Order of the Garter are part of the man's dress and items that refer to gambling and partying are strewn around his buckled shoe. These include part of a \"EO\" wheel (an 18th century game similar to roulette), dice and a shaker, cards, and a masquerade ticket to the Pantheon in London. A scroll that confirms the man's \"Pedigree\" suggests that rank offers no protection from mortality.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis cartoon by J. A. Wales.found in Puck on April 14, 1880 satirizes the Eclectic Medical College of Pennsylvania, a diploma mill selling fake medical degrees in the later decades of the 19th century. \"Professor Grind-Em-Out\" is, no doubt, the school's \"Dean,\" John Buchanan, who was finally arrested in 1880, due in part to his exposure in the popular media.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEtching depicting a group of male academics and students, many wearing mortar boards, gathered around a professor who reads form a book inscribed 'Datur Vacuum.'\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWithin a lugubrious coat-of-arms, Hogarth depicts three well-known quacks with a group of twelve portly physicians. The three quacks at the top of the print are Joshua Ward, perhaps the most famous charlatan of his time; Sarah Mapp, a well-known bonesetter; and John Taylor, an oculist. The bewigged physicians dispel the stench of death by sniffing the pomander attached to the top of their canes. According to Hogarth, proper physicians and disreputable quacks are all members of the same Company of Undertakers. The Latin caption, Et plurima mortis imago, translates as \"And many are the faces of death.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA sheet full of dozens of images of men and women's caricatured heads, after Hogarth's \"Characters and Caricaturas\" illustration.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA sheet full of dozens of images of men and women's caricatured heads, after Hogarth's \"Characters and Caricaturas\" illustration.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection comprises mostly of anatomical illustrations of humans and animals by professional medical illustrators and medical practioners, but there is a good number of caricatures. Many of the images depict 20th century surgical prodedures; there are also physiological illustrations included in the collection. Most items are drawn in pencil on illustration paper with cardboard backing. In addition, there are some drawings in notepads and on tracing paper.","From The Graphic: an illustrated weekly newspaper, page 109","5 figures: 1. extempore dressing on the Battlefield. 2. ward tent and apparatus for steaming throat and bronchial cases, Guy's Hospital. 3. (ditto), St. Mary's Hospital. 4. a bad accident case: London Hospital. 5. bath lift: Middlesex Hospital.","Extra supplement to the Illustrated London News May 19 1877.","Caricature by definition is a representation in which the subject's distinctive features or peculiarities are deliberately exaggerated to produce a comic or grotesque effect. Nineteenth-century medicine provided caricaturists with a wealth of material. Artists humorously exaggerated medical conditions and physical characteristics. Bulbous noses, protruding stomachs, and hunched backs were some of the more common features drawn to extraordinary proportions. Bizarre treatments, massive doses of pills, and excessive bloodletting, prescribed by trained physicians and quack doctors alike, were all lampooned. Suffering and discomfort from disease and the patient's reaction to medical treatment were also fodder for the satirist's pen.","While some caricatures were straightforward in their message, others contained yet another layer of meaning. Medical conditions could symbolize failed interpersonal relationships, national political affairs, and everything in between. Ailments caused by the follies of fashion, such as ill-fitting footwear or constricting corsets, inspired many drawings. Artists also directly linked illness to excesses in nineteenth-century social life, particularly over-consumption of food and alcohol.","The 37 caricatures displayed in this exhibit are divided into two groups: English and French. The English prints are predominately drawn by two of the more famous British caricaturists, James Gillray and George Cruikshank. The French caricatures include artwork by J.J. Grandville, Louis-Léopold Boilly, and Edme Jean Pigal.","English Caricature:\nPrecariousness of Life\nHeroic Medicine\nPray Remember the Poor Debtors\nQuacks \u0026 Nostrums\nDoomed Relationships\nFashionable Follies\nNineteenth-Century Excess\nEnglish Artists\nFootnotes, Bibliography, \u0026 Links","French Caricature:\nScenes of the Day\nMedicine in France\nMedical Caricatures or Political Commentary?\nHunchbacks: Mocked or Mocker?\nPublic Health: The Need Is Pressing\nWet Nursing: Paying Consumers\nFrench Artists\nFootnotes, Bibliography, \u0026 Links","The caption of this image describes the 'Extraordinary Effects of Morison's Vegetable Pills', re-growing a man's legs overnight. Morison's Vegetable Pills were the brainchild of James Morison (1770-1840) and sold from 1825 onwards. Morison believed that all disease was caused by an impurity of the blood that could only be purged by his vegetable pills. The pills, a laxative based on a variety of herbs, including rhubarb and myrrh, were sold in chemists, grocers and even libraries. Morison believed that his pills could be taken in large doses but a number of deaths proved him wrong. Many labelled him a quack and his pills a poison. The print is by Charles Grant Jameson (active 1832-1850); artist: Grant, Charles Jameson; maker: J Kendrick; place made: London, England, United Kingdom.","Colored etching by G[eorge] Cruikshank: Source of the Southwark Water Works, or [headed] Salus Populi Suprema Lex. Published by S. Knight, [1832]. 51x32.5cm. Printed on broadsheet with text poem beneath: Royal Address of Cadwallader... water-king of Southwark [John Edwards]. Concern at pollution and threat to public health. ","The satirical poem 'Royal Address of Cadwallader ap-Tudor ap-Edwards ap-Vaughan, Water-King of Southwark', published in 1832, is a comment on the pollution of the River Thames, the main water supply for London. The crowd chants \"Give us clean water\" and \"We shall get the cholera\" – 1832 being the year that a major cholera epidemic hit London. The writer of the poem and the people in the illustration appear to believe that cholera is spread by vapours from rotting waste – the miasma theory of disease. However, John Snow (1813-1858) discovered that cholera is a water-borne disease. Despite this, many physicians still accepted the miasma theory. The illustration was drawn by the artist and caricaturist George Cruikshank (1792-1878).","Inscription: Lettered with title, \"Ex Marmore Antiquo,\" three lines of description of subject beginning \"He grounded his Precepts upon Aesculapius. ...,\" and production details: \"P. P. Rubens Del.,\" \"I. Faber Fecit,\" and \"Printed for \u0026 Sold by Tho: Bowles next the Chapter House in St. Pauls Ch. Yard and John Bowles at the Black Horse in Cornhill.\"","This satirical response to \"fast living\" centers on a figure whose left side is a skeleton holding a spade before a tombstone lettered with a quote from Romans 6.23, \"The wages of sin is death,\" with other biblical admonishments below. The figure's right side is fashionably dressed living aristocrat standing in a parkland with a temple similar to one at Stowe in Buckinghamshire. Emblems of the Order of the Garter are part of the man's dress and items that refer to gambling and partying are strewn around his buckled shoe. These include part of a \"EO\" wheel (an 18th century game similar to roulette), dice and a shaker, cards, and a masquerade ticket to the Pantheon in London. A scroll that confirms the man's \"Pedigree\" suggests that rank offers no protection from mortality.","This cartoon by J. A. Wales.found in Puck on April 14, 1880 satirizes the Eclectic Medical College of Pennsylvania, a diploma mill selling fake medical degrees in the later decades of the 19th century. \"Professor Grind-Em-Out\" is, no doubt, the school's \"Dean,\" John Buchanan, who was finally arrested in 1880, due in part to his exposure in the popular media.","Etching depicting a group of male academics and students, many wearing mortar boards, gathered around a professor who reads form a book inscribed 'Datur Vacuum.'","Within a lugubrious coat-of-arms, Hogarth depicts three well-known quacks with a group of twelve portly physicians. The three quacks at the top of the print are Joshua Ward, perhaps the most famous charlatan of his time; Sarah Mapp, a well-known bonesetter; and John Taylor, an oculist. The bewigged physicians dispel the stench of death by sniffing the pomander attached to the top of their canes. According to Hogarth, proper physicians and disreputable quacks are all members of the same Company of Undertakers. The Latin caption, Et plurima mortis imago, translates as \"And many are the faces of death.\"","A sheet full of dozens of images of men and women's caricatured heads, after Hogarth's \"Characters and Caricaturas\" illustration.","A sheet full of dozens of images of men and women's caricatured heads, after Hogarth's \"Characters and Caricaturas\" illustration."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSome materials may be subject to copyright restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Some materials may be subject to copyright restrictions."],"names_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library","Bernie, Frederick, fl. 1792","Bowles, Henry Carington , 1763 - 1830","Carver, Samuel, 1756-1841","Crowquill, Alfred, 1804-1872","Cruikshank, George, 1792-1878","Dalí, Salvador , 1904-1989","Dighton, Robert, 1752-1814","Dunkarton, Robert, 1744-1815","Faber the Younger, John, 1684-1756","Gans, Sigismund, 1829-1831 ","Genty, Louis François, 1784-1852","Gillray, James, 1756-1815","Grant, Charles Jameson, 1832-1852 (active)","Heath, William, 1795-1840","Hogarth, William, 1697-1764","Hogg, Alexander, c. 1752–1809","Humphrey, Hannah, 1750-1818","Langlumé, Pierre, 1790–1874","Noël, Alphonse Léon, 1807-1884","Pigal, Edme-Jean, 1794-1872","Royce, Edward, 1738–1789","Wales, James Albert, 1852-1886","Wallis, Henry , 1830 - 1916","Grandville, J. J., 1803-1847"],"corpname_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library"],"names_coll_ssim":["Gans, Sigismund, 1829-1831 ","Humphrey, Hannah, 1750-1818"],"persname_ssim":["Bernie, Frederick, fl. 1792","Bowles, Henry Carington , 1763 - 1830","Carver, Samuel, 1756-1841","Crowquill, Alfred, 1804-1872","Cruikshank, George, 1792-1878","Dalí, Salvador , 1904-1989","Dighton, Robert, 1752-1814","Dunkarton, Robert, 1744-1815","Faber the Younger, John, 1684-1756","Gans, Sigismund, 1829-1831 ","Genty, Louis François, 1784-1852","Gillray, James, 1756-1815","Grant, Charles Jameson, 1832-1852 (active)","Heath, William, 1795-1840","Hogarth, William, 1697-1764","Hogg, Alexander, c. 1752–1809","Humphrey, Hannah, 1750-1818","Langlumé, Pierre, 1790–1874","Noël, Alphonse Léon, 1807-1884","Pigal, Edme-Jean, 1794-1872","Royce, Edward, 1738–1789","Wales, James Albert, 1852-1886","Wallis, Henry , 1830 - 1916","Grandville, J. 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