{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Westmoreland+County+%28Va.%29+Circuit+Court%0A\u0026view=list","next":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Westmoreland+County+%28Va.%29+Circuit+Court%0A\u0026page=2\u0026view=list","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Westmoreland+County+%28Va.%29+Circuit+Court%0A\u0026page=3\u0026view=list"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":2,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":3,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":22,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vi_vi04906","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Westmoreland County (Va.) Bonds/Commissions/Oaths, \n1700s-1956","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04906#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04906#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va.) Bonds/Commissions/Oaths, 1700s-1956, consist of Bond Books, a Commissioners' Account Book and unprocessed officials' bonds, and resignations and appointments. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04906#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi04906","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04906","_root_":"vi_vi04906","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04906","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi04906.xml","title_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Bonds/Commissions/Oaths, \n1700s-1956"],"title_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Bonds/Commissions/Oaths, \n1700s-1956"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1101693-1101694, 1101709-1101724, 1101797, 1176629-1176630\n"],"text":["1101693-1101694, 1101709-1101724, 1101797, 1176629-1176630\n","Westmoreland County (Va.) Bonds/Commissions/Oaths, \n1700s-1956","Public records--Virginia--Westmoreland County.","Local government records--Virginia--Westmoreland County.","There are no restrictions.\n","This collection is arranged, in part, chronologically.  The box material is Unprocessed. ","Westmoreland County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653. The county seat is Montross.\n","Many loose papers were burned during the Revolutionary War and the Civil War. Volumes that record deeds, court orders (except an order book for the period 1764-1776) and wills exist.\n","Additional Westomoreland County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult  A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.","Westmoreland County (Va.) is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Westmoreland County records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Digital Collection at the Library of Virginia. Search the   Lost Records Localities Digital Collection available at Virginia Memory.","Westmoreland County (Va.) Bonds/Commissions/Oaths, 1700s-1956, consist of Bond Books, a Commissioners' Account Book and unprocessed officials' bonds, and resignations and appointments.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","State Records Center--Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n","Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court.","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1101693-1101694, 1101709-1101724, 1101797, 1176629-1176630\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Bonds/Commissions/Oaths, \n1700s-1956"],"collection_title_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Bonds/Commissions/Oaths, \n1700s-1956"],"collection_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Bonds/Commissions/Oaths, \n1700s-1956"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in a shipment of court records from Westmoreland County.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Public records--Virginia--Westmoreland County.","Local government records--Virginia--Westmoreland County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Public records--Virginia--Westmoreland County.","Local government records--Virginia--Westmoreland County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["10 v.; 2 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["10 v.; 2 boxes"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged, in part, chronologically.  The box material is Unprocessed. \u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged, in part, chronologically.  The box material is Unprocessed. "],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653. The county seat is Montross.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMany loose papers were burned during the Revolutionary War and the Civil War. Volumes that record deeds, court orders (except an order book for the period 1764-1776) and wills exist.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Westmoreland County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653. The county seat is Montross.\n","Many loose papers were burned during the Revolutionary War and the Civil War. Volumes that record deeds, court orders (except an order book for the period 1764-1776) and wills exist.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va.) Bonds/Commissions/Oaths, 1700s-1956. Local government records collection, Westmoreland County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Bonds/Commissions/Oaths, 1700s-1956. Local government records collection, Westmoreland County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Westomoreland County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/\"\u003eA Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\u003c/extref\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va.) is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Westmoreland County records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Digital Collection at the Library of Virginia. Search the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/lost\"\u003e Lost Records Localities Digital Collection available at Virginia Memory.\u003c/extref\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n","Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Westomoreland County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult  A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.","Westmoreland County (Va.) is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Westmoreland County records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Digital Collection at the Library of Virginia. Search the   Lost Records Localities Digital Collection available at Virginia Memory."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va.) Bonds/Commissions/Oaths, 1700s-1956, consist of Bond Books, a Commissioners' Account Book and unprocessed officials' bonds, and resignations and appointments.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Bonds/Commissions/Oaths, 1700s-1956, consist of Bond Books, a Commissioners' Account Book and unprocessed officials' bonds, and resignations and appointments.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eState Records Center--Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["State Records Center--Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"corpname_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T09:56:00.222Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi04906","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04906","_root_":"vi_vi04906","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04906","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi04906.xml","title_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Bonds/Commissions/Oaths, \n1700s-1956"],"title_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Bonds/Commissions/Oaths, \n1700s-1956"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1101693-1101694, 1101709-1101724, 1101797, 1176629-1176630\n"],"text":["1101693-1101694, 1101709-1101724, 1101797, 1176629-1176630\n","Westmoreland County (Va.) Bonds/Commissions/Oaths, \n1700s-1956","Public records--Virginia--Westmoreland County.","Local government records--Virginia--Westmoreland County.","There are no restrictions.\n","This collection is arranged, in part, chronologically.  The box material is Unprocessed. ","Westmoreland County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653. The county seat is Montross.\n","Many loose papers were burned during the Revolutionary War and the Civil War. Volumes that record deeds, court orders (except an order book for the period 1764-1776) and wills exist.\n","Additional Westomoreland County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult  A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.","Westmoreland County (Va.) is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Westmoreland County records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Digital Collection at the Library of Virginia. Search the   Lost Records Localities Digital Collection available at Virginia Memory.","Westmoreland County (Va.) Bonds/Commissions/Oaths, 1700s-1956, consist of Bond Books, a Commissioners' Account Book and unprocessed officials' bonds, and resignations and appointments.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","State Records Center--Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n","Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court.","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1101693-1101694, 1101709-1101724, 1101797, 1176629-1176630\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Bonds/Commissions/Oaths, \n1700s-1956"],"collection_title_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Bonds/Commissions/Oaths, \n1700s-1956"],"collection_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Bonds/Commissions/Oaths, \n1700s-1956"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in a shipment of court records from Westmoreland County.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Public records--Virginia--Westmoreland County.","Local government records--Virginia--Westmoreland County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Public records--Virginia--Westmoreland County.","Local government records--Virginia--Westmoreland County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["10 v.; 2 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["10 v.; 2 boxes"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged, in part, chronologically.  The box material is Unprocessed. \u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged, in part, chronologically.  The box material is Unprocessed. "],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653. The county seat is Montross.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMany loose papers were burned during the Revolutionary War and the Civil War. Volumes that record deeds, court orders (except an order book for the period 1764-1776) and wills exist.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Westmoreland County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653. The county seat is Montross.\n","Many loose papers were burned during the Revolutionary War and the Civil War. Volumes that record deeds, court orders (except an order book for the period 1764-1776) and wills exist.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va.) Bonds/Commissions/Oaths, 1700s-1956. Local government records collection, Westmoreland County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Bonds/Commissions/Oaths, 1700s-1956. Local government records collection, Westmoreland County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Westomoreland County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/\"\u003eA Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\u003c/extref\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va.) is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Westmoreland County records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Digital Collection at the Library of Virginia. Search the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/lost\"\u003e Lost Records Localities Digital Collection available at Virginia Memory.\u003c/extref\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n","Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Westomoreland County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult  A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.","Westmoreland County (Va.) is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Westmoreland County records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Digital Collection at the Library of Virginia. Search the   Lost Records Localities Digital Collection available at Virginia Memory."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va.) Bonds/Commissions/Oaths, 1700s-1956, consist of Bond Books, a Commissioners' Account Book and unprocessed officials' bonds, and resignations and appointments.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Bonds/Commissions/Oaths, 1700s-1956, consist of Bond Books, a Commissioners' Account Book and unprocessed officials' bonds, and resignations and appointments.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eState Records Center--Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["State Records Center--Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"corpname_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T09:56:00.222Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04906"}},{"id":"vi_vi04063","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Westmoreland County (Va.) Chancery Causes, \n1753-1958 (bulk 1873-1913)","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04063#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04063#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1753-1958, consists of cases concerning issues of equity brought largely by residents of the county and filed in the circuit court. These cases often involve the following actions: divisions of estates or land, disputes over wills, disputes regarding contracts, debt, divorce, and business disputes. Other less prevalent issues include freedom suits, permissions to sell property, and disputes concerning trespass. Predominant documents found in these chancery causes include bills (documents the plaintiff's complaint), answers (defendant's response to the plaintiff's complaint), decrees (court's decision), depositions, affidavits, correspondence, lists of heirs, deeds, plats, wills, records involving enslaved individuals, business records or vital statistics. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04063#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi04063","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04063","_root_":"vi_vi04063","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04063","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi04063.xml","title_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Chancery Causes, \n1753-1958 (bulk 1873-1913)"],"title_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Chancery Causes, \n1753-1958 (bulk 1873-1913)"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Chancery Causes, \n1753-1958 (bulk 1873-1913)"],"text":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Chancery Causes, \n1753-1958 (bulk 1873-1913)","36.7 cubic feet (8 boxes); Digital images.","Westmoreland County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1753-1913, digital images can be found on the  Chancery Records Index  available electronically at the website of the Library of Virginia. Please use digital images.\n","Organized by case, of which each is assigned a unique index number comprised of the latest year found in case and a sequentially increasing 3-digit number assigned by the processor as cases for that year are found. Arranged chronologically.\n","Arrangement of documents within each folder is as follows: Bill, Answer, and Final Decree (if found).","Context of Record type:  Chancery Causes are cases of equity. According to Black's Law Dictionary they are \"administered according to fairness as contrasted with the strictly formulated rules of common law.\" A judge, not a jury, determines the outcome of the case; however, the judge is basing the decision on findings compiled and documented by Commissioners. Chancery causes are useful when researching local history, genealogical information, and land or estate divisions. They are a valuable source of local, state, social, and legal history and serve as a primary source for understanding a locality's history. Chancery causes document the lived experiences of free and enslaved individuals; women; children; people living with physical disabilities or mental health struggles; people living in poverty; defunct institutions and corporate entities; or those that may not have otherwise left traditional written histories.","Locality History: Westmoreland County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653. The county seat is Montross.\n","Lost Locality Notes:  Many loose papers were burned during both the Revolutionary War and the Civil War. Volumes that record deeds, court orders (except for an order book for the period 1764–1776), and wills exist.","Original Westmoreland County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1914-1958, are retained in the locality. Contact the Clerk of the Circuit Court for access.","Westmoreland County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1753-1958 were initially processed in the field."," In 2013 the Pre-1913 material was  transferred to the Library of Virginia, these records were then reprocessed in two sperate groups according to their respective accession information; the first, 1753-1868, the second, 1808-1913. ","Additional records were processed and interfiled into the collection during a cataloguing assessment project in 2024. Under the same project, additional post 1913 records were indexed and returned to locality by request of the clerk of the Westmoreland County Circuit Court.","Encoded by G. Crawford: 2009; Updated by E. Swain: November 2024.","See also:  Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Superior Court of Law and Chancery Records, 1831-1845.","Additional Westmoreland County County Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\""," Westmoreland County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Prince George County Records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Collection at the Library of Virginia. Search the  Lost Records Localities Digital Collection  available at Virginia Memory.\n","Westmoreland County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1753-1958, consists of cases concerning issues of equity brought largely by residents of the county and filed in the circuit court. These cases often involve the following actions: divisions of estates or land, disputes over wills, disputes regarding contracts, debt, divorce, and business disputes. Other less prevalent issues include freedom suits, permissions to sell property, and disputes concerning trespass. Predominant documents found in these chancery causes include bills (documents the plaintiff's complaint), answers (defendant's response to the plaintiff's complaint), decrees (court's decision), depositions, affidavits, correspondence, lists of heirs, deeds, plats, wills, records involving enslaved individuals, business records or vital statistics.\n","These records contain one box of \"Orphan Chancery.\" These records contain parts, often single items, of chancery causes which could not be further identified as belonging to a certain case.","The plaintiff's administrators were his brothers Richard Henry Lee and Francis Lightfoot Lee. Spencer Carter was hired by Philip Ludwell Lee to build a \"Brig.\" Suit involved disputed wages owed to Carter for his services as a \"master workman.\"\n ","Several depositions involve the bad character of Lewis Mazuro, a French man. Deponents accused him of keeping a whiskey shop, tipling house, and conducting business with enslaved people. Mazuro collected large companies of enslaved people for the purpose of drinking, horse racing, card playing. Mazuro sold enslaved people that did not belong to him. The defendant in the chancery suit called these people to testify for the purpose of underming Mazuro's testimony on behalf of the plaintiff. \n ","Cause involves Ephraim, Joh, and Tom, three enslaved people who were hired out by their enslaver to build a house. Testimony concerns the working habits of the three men and includes, that Ephraim was \"a runaway\".\n ","Testimony by deponents focused on physical health of enslaved people. Example of such testimony includes deposition of Zachariah W. Franklin, \"They [the enslaved men] are able bodied men, and of as likely appearance as usual, though I have frequently heard Henry complain of a pain in his back and breast, but I always thought it was deceit in him, as he is likely in appearance.\" \n ","Cause involves heirs of Colonel Richard H. Parker who was killed in action during the Revolutionary War. His heirs received military bounty land for his service.\n ","Separate maintenance suit. Fanny accused Samuel of affair with Figget, an enslaved womman,  fathering a child with her.\n ","Suit references enslaved people who escaped to the British during the War of 1812 and the enslaver being reimbursed for his loss under the Treaty of Ghent.\n ","The plaintiff was a former resident of Westmoreland County currently living in Henrico County. Bailey hired Critcher to manager her large estate in Westmoreland County. Juila Bailey enslaved 75 Black and Multiracial people valued at 22,000 dollars in 1850. Bailey accused Critcher of selling enslaved inviduals without her permission. Bailey identified Octavia, Paul, and Jenny who were sold at auction in Richmond. In his answer, Critcher acknowledged selling Bailey's enslaved persons but it was for the purpose of paying debts owed by her estate. He recalled hiring out Nelson, and enslaved man, who ran to Maryland where he was captured. A man named Turner claimed Nelson and took him as his property. Critcher filed suit against turner in Maryland to get Nelson back. ","Critcher argued that it was Bailey who wanted Octavia, Paul, and Jenny sold in Richmond. \"In January 1850, the conduct of three of the said negroes, to wit, Jenny, Octavia and Paul, was such that the complainant was no longer able on account of their characters to find them homes in the neighborhood without charge. They often put their own lives in jeopardy. Sometimes slept in the swamps in the coldest nights in winter. Sometimes attempted to hang themselves. And their conduct was attempted to be corrected by the mildest and best treatment on the part of those who hired them and of the complainant herself. Yet no change could be effected. Such was the constant anxiety of mind of the complainant on their account, that she frequently begged this respondent … to sell them and relieve her of the greatest annoyance of her life.\" Critcher sold Octavia, Paul, and Jenny in Richmond $1260.30. Richmond \"slave trader\" R.H. Dickinson was involved in the transaction.","Critcher accused Bailey's former agent John A. Parker of slandering him. Parker publicly accused Critcher of \"selling 3 of her negroes without her knowledge or consent, and pocketing the money.\" Critcher wrote letters to local newspapers defending his honor two of which are exhibits in the chancery cause. In one of the letters, Critcher wrote that he and Parker had a physical altercation in the town of Tappahannock. Critcher pulled Parker's nose and Parker pulled a pistol on Critcher.","Suit concerns the division of enslaved property. Numerous depositions  concern Ellen, an enslaved woman, who is frequently referred to as \"deranged.\" One deponent testified \"she was deranged a woman as ever I saw in my life. We had to keep her everlastingly fastened to a large block.\" Ellen's enslaver sold her while she was fastened to a block.","Cause includes two letters dated July and September 1854 written by D.T. Wright living in St. Louis, Missouri. He was the guardian of the Carter children living in Virginia. Wright was responding to a question from the trustee concerned with the children's enslaved individuals. The trustee wanted to know if Wright wanted to sell the enslaved individuals in Virginia and the funds be distributed among the heirs or have them transported to Missouri. Wright informed the trustee to sell the enslaved individuals in Virginia and not transport them to Missouri. \"There are several reasons why I think you had better sell them there than to have them sent here. They would naturally dislike to come to a strange place and into strange hands. Consequently, they would likely become dissatisfied and might endeavor to make their escape  to Illinois which is a free state and has the name of being connected with Canada by the underground railroad. One thing is quite certain. Our slaves often make their escape. There is also something of a risk and a considerable expense in bringing them here.\" In the second letter, Wright references a riot that took place in St. Louis following the 1854 Congressional election. He placed blame for the riot on the Irish. [See also: Westmoreland County (Va.) Chancery Cause 1854-013.]","Cause involves the division of enslaved individuals. Sydnor and Susan, two enslaved persons, were not sold because they claimed to be emancipated. [Their freedom suit is found on  Virginia Untold ]","Divorce suit. In 1863, plaintiff broke through Union blockade to purchase goods in Maryland and bring back to Virginia. He was captured by Union troops and imprisoned in Washington, D.C. He was released after 3 days but was unable to return to Virginia due to being closely watched. He did not return until after the war. He learned that his wife and children had left his home to live with Robert Richardson in Maryland.","Divorce suit. Plaintiff travelled to Northern states shortly before the Civil War. He did not return to Westmoreland County until after the war. The defendant believed he died during the war and remarried. When her husband returned he filed a habeas corpus to gain custody their child. The defendant was indicted for bigamy but had left for Maryland with her second husband before the trial began.","Plaintiffs were enslaved prior to the end of the Civil War. Charles Montague claimed to be their grandfather and wanted custody of the plaintiffs who were orphans. The plaintiffs denied that Montague was their grandfather.","Suit includes will of George W. Lewis used as an exhibit. Items bequeathed by Lewis to his heirs include a scrapbook that contained autograph letters signed by General George Washington and a sword given to Lewis' grandfather George Lewis by George Washington. George Lewis was a nephew of Washington. The sword is referenced in Washington's will.","Suit involves the establishment of the town of Colonial Beach.","Dispute over oyster grounds. Involves settlement of boundary dispute between Maryland and Virginia along the Potomac River.","Plaintiff was upset that the defendant, a game warden, fined him 10 dollars for hunting game without a license required of non-residents of the state. Kennedy argued that he was a resident of the state and should not have been fined. Offered as proof his voter registration. Game warden claimed the plaintiff registered as a voter in order to avoid paying the fine. Court sided with plaintiff. ","There are no restrictions.","Library of Virginia\n","English\n"],"collection_title_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Chancery Causes, \n1753-1958 (bulk 1873-1913)"],"collection_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Chancery Causes, \n1753-1958 (bulk 1873-1913)"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Westmoreland County (Va.) in 2013 under the accession number 50772 and under an undated accession.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["36.7 cubic feet (8 boxes); Digital images."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1753-1913, digital images can be found on the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/chancery/\"\u003eChancery Records Index\u003c/extref\u003e available electronically at the website of the Library of Virginia. Please use digital images.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1753-1913, digital images can be found on the  Chancery Records Index  available electronically at the website of the Library of Virginia. Please use digital images.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOrganized by case, of which each is assigned a unique index number comprised of the latest year found in case and a sequentially increasing 3-digit number assigned by the processor as cases for that year are found. Arranged chronologically.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArrangement of documents within each folder is as follows: Bill, Answer, and Final Decree (if found).\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement \n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Organized by case, of which each is assigned a unique index number comprised of the latest year found in case and a sequentially increasing 3-digit number assigned by the processor as cases for that year are found. Arranged chronologically.\n","Arrangement of documents within each folder is as follows: Bill, Answer, and Final Decree (if found)."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"bold\"\u003eContext of Record type:\u003c/title\u003e Chancery Causes are cases of equity. According to Black's Law Dictionary they are \"administered according to fairness as contrasted with the strictly formulated rules of common law.\" A judge, not a jury, determines the outcome of the case; however, the judge is basing the decision on findings compiled and documented by Commissioners. Chancery causes are useful when researching local history, genealogical information, and land or estate divisions. They are a valuable source of local, state, social, and legal history and serve as a primary source for understanding a locality's history. Chancery causes document the lived experiences of free and enslaved individuals; women; children; people living with physical disabilities or mental health struggles; people living in poverty; defunct institutions and corporate entities; or those that may not have otherwise left traditional written histories.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History:\u003c/title\u003eWestmoreland County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653. The county seat is Montross.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLost Locality Notes:\u003c/emph\u003e Many loose papers were burned during both the Revolutionary War and the Civil War. Volumes that record deeds, court orders (except for an order book for the period 1764–1776), and wills exist.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context of Record type:  Chancery Causes are cases of equity. According to Black's Law Dictionary they are \"administered according to fairness as contrasted with the strictly formulated rules of common law.\" A judge, not a jury, determines the outcome of the case; however, the judge is basing the decision on findings compiled and documented by Commissioners. Chancery causes are useful when researching local history, genealogical information, and land or estate divisions. They are a valuable source of local, state, social, and legal history and serve as a primary source for understanding a locality's history. Chancery causes document the lived experiences of free and enslaved individuals; women; children; people living with physical disabilities or mental health struggles; people living in poverty; defunct institutions and corporate entities; or those that may not have otherwise left traditional written histories.","Locality History: Westmoreland County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653. The county seat is Montross.\n","Lost Locality Notes:  Many loose papers were burned during both the Revolutionary War and the Civil War. Volumes that record deeds, court orders (except for an order book for the period 1764–1776), and wills exist."],"originalsloc_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOriginal Westmoreland County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1914-1958, are retained in the locality. Contact the Clerk of the Circuit Court for access.\u003c/p\u003e"],"originalsloc_heading_ssm":["Location of Originals\n"],"originalsloc_tesim":["Original Westmoreland County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1914-1958, are retained in the locality. Contact the Clerk of the Circuit Court for access."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1753-1958. (Cite style of suit [and chancery index no. if available]). Local government records collection, Westmoreland County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia, 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1753-1958. (Cite style of suit [and chancery index no. if available]). Local government records collection, Westmoreland County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia, 23219.\n"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1753-1958 were initially processed in the field.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e In 2013 the Pre-1913 material was  transferred to the Library of Virginia, these records were then reprocessed in two sperate groups according to their respective accession information; the first, 1753-1868, the second, 1808-1913. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional records were processed and interfiled into the collection during a cataloguing assessment project in 2024. Under the same project, additional post 1913 records were indexed and returned to locality by request of the clerk of the Westmoreland County Circuit Court.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEncoded by G. Crawford: 2009; Updated by E. Swain: November 2024.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information \n"],"processinfo_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1753-1958 were initially processed in the field."," In 2013 the Pre-1913 material was  transferred to the Library of Virginia, these records were then reprocessed in two sperate groups according to their respective accession information; the first, 1753-1868, the second, 1808-1913. ","Additional records were processed and interfiled into the collection during a cataloguing assessment project in 2024. Under the same project, additional post 1913 records were indexed and returned to locality by request of the clerk of the Westmoreland County Circuit Court.","Encoded by G. Crawford: 2009; Updated by E. Swain: November 2024."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee also: \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi04907.xml\"\u003eWestmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Superior Court of Law and Chancery Records, 1831-1845.\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional Westmoreland County County Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA225\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Westmoreland County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Prince George County Records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Collection at the Library of Virginia. Search the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/lost\"\u003eLost Records Localities Digital Collection\u003c/extref\u003e available at Virginia Memory.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See also:  Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Superior Court of Law and Chancery Records, 1831-1845.","Additional Westmoreland County County Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\""," Westmoreland County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Prince George County Records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Collection at the Library of Virginia. Search the  Lost Records Localities Digital Collection  available at Virginia Memory.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1753-1958, consists of cases concerning issues of equity brought largely by residents of the county and filed in the circuit court. These cases often involve the following actions: divisions of estates or land, disputes over wills, disputes regarding contracts, debt, divorce, and business disputes. Other less prevalent issues include freedom suits, permissions to sell property, and disputes concerning trespass. Predominant documents found in these chancery causes include bills (documents the plaintiff's complaint), answers (defendant's response to the plaintiff's complaint), decrees (court's decision), depositions, affidavits, correspondence, lists of heirs, deeds, plats, wills, records involving enslaved individuals, business records or vital statistics.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese records contain one box of \"Orphan Chancery.\" These records contain parts, often single items, of chancery causes which could not be further identified as belonging to a certain case.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe plaintiff's administrators were his brothers Richard Henry Lee and Francis Lightfoot Lee. Spencer Carter was hired by Philip Ludwell Lee to build a \"Brig.\" Suit involved disputed wages owed to Carter for his services as a \"master workman.\"\n \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeveral depositions involve the bad character of Lewis Mazuro, a French man. Deponents accused him of keeping a whiskey shop, tipling house, and conducting business with enslaved people. Mazuro collected large companies of enslaved people for the purpose of drinking, horse racing, card playing. Mazuro sold enslaved people that did not belong to him. The defendant in the chancery suit called these people to testify for the purpose of underming Mazuro's testimony on behalf of the plaintiff. \n \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCause involves Ephraim, Joh, and Tom, three enslaved people who were hired out by their enslaver to build a house. Testimony concerns the working habits of the three men and includes, that Ephraim was \"a runaway\".\n \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTestimony by deponents focused on physical health of enslaved people. Example of such testimony includes deposition of Zachariah W. Franklin, \"They [the enslaved men] are able bodied men, and of as likely appearance as usual, though I have frequently heard Henry complain of a pain in his back and breast, but I always thought it was deceit in him, as he is likely in appearance.\" \n \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCause involves heirs of Colonel Richard H. Parker who was killed in action during the Revolutionary War. His heirs received military bounty land for his service.\n \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeparate maintenance suit. Fanny accused Samuel of affair with Figget, an enslaved womman,  fathering a child with her.\n \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSuit references enslaved people who escaped to the British during the War of 1812 and the enslaver being reimbursed for his loss under the Treaty of Ghent.\n \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe plaintiff was a former resident of Westmoreland County currently living in Henrico County. Bailey hired Critcher to manager her large estate in Westmoreland County. Juila Bailey enslaved 75 Black and Multiracial people valued at 22,000 dollars in 1850. Bailey accused Critcher of selling enslaved inviduals without her permission. Bailey identified Octavia, Paul, and Jenny who were sold at auction in Richmond. In his answer, Critcher acknowledged selling Bailey's enslaved persons but it was for the purpose of paying debts owed by her estate. He recalled hiring out Nelson, and enslaved man, who ran to Maryland where he was captured. A man named Turner claimed Nelson and took him as his property. Critcher filed suit against turner in Maryland to get Nelson back. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCritcher argued that it was Bailey who wanted Octavia, Paul, and Jenny sold in Richmond. \"In January 1850, the conduct of three of the said negroes, to wit, Jenny, Octavia and Paul, was such that the complainant was no longer able on account of their characters to find them homes in the neighborhood without charge. They often put their own lives in jeopardy. Sometimes slept in the swamps in the coldest nights in winter. Sometimes attempted to hang themselves. And their conduct was attempted to be corrected by the mildest and best treatment on the part of those who hired them and of the complainant herself. Yet no change could be effected. Such was the constant anxiety of mind of the complainant on their account, that she frequently begged this respondent … to sell them and relieve her of the greatest annoyance of her life.\" Critcher sold Octavia, Paul, and Jenny in Richmond $1260.30. Richmond \"slave trader\" R.H. Dickinson was involved in the transaction.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCritcher accused Bailey's former agent John A. Parker of slandering him. Parker publicly accused Critcher of \"selling 3 of her negroes without her knowledge or consent, and pocketing the money.\" Critcher wrote letters to local newspapers defending his honor two of which are exhibits in the chancery cause. In one of the letters, Critcher wrote that he and Parker had a physical altercation in the town of Tappahannock. Critcher pulled Parker's nose and Parker pulled a pistol on Critcher.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSuit concerns the division of enslaved property. Numerous depositions  concern Ellen, an enslaved woman, who is frequently referred to as \"deranged.\" One deponent testified \"she was deranged a woman as ever I saw in my life. We had to keep her everlastingly fastened to a large block.\" Ellen's enslaver sold her while she was fastened to a block.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCause includes two letters dated July and September 1854 written by D.T. Wright living in St. Louis, Missouri. He was the guardian of the Carter children living in Virginia. Wright was responding to a question from the trustee concerned with the children's enslaved individuals. The trustee wanted to know if Wright wanted to sell the enslaved individuals in Virginia and the funds be distributed among the heirs or have them transported to Missouri. Wright informed the trustee to sell the enslaved individuals in Virginia and not transport them to Missouri. \"There are several reasons why I think you had better sell them there than to have them sent here. They would naturally dislike to come to a strange place and into strange hands. Consequently, they would likely become dissatisfied and might endeavor to make their escape  to Illinois which is a free state and has the name of being connected with Canada by the underground railroad. One thing is quite certain. Our slaves often make their escape. There is also something of a risk and a considerable expense in bringing them here.\" In the second letter, Wright references a riot that took place in St. Louis following the 1854 Congressional election. He placed blame for the riot on the Irish. [See also: Westmoreland County (Va.) Chancery Cause 1854-013.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCause involves the division of enslaved individuals. Sydnor and Susan, two enslaved persons, were not sold because they claimed to be emancipated. [Their freedom suit is found on \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/aan/\"\u003eVirginia Untold\u003c/extref\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDivorce suit. In 1863, plaintiff broke through Union blockade to purchase goods in Maryland and bring back to Virginia. He was captured by Union troops and imprisoned in Washington, D.C. He was released after 3 days but was unable to return to Virginia due to being closely watched. He did not return until after the war. He learned that his wife and children had left his home to live with Robert Richardson in Maryland.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDivorce suit. Plaintiff travelled to Northern states shortly before the Civil War. He did not return to Westmoreland County until after the war. The defendant believed he died during the war and remarried. When her husband returned he filed a habeas corpus to gain custody their child. The defendant was indicted for bigamy but had left for Maryland with her second husband before the trial began.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePlaintiffs were enslaved prior to the end of the Civil War. Charles Montague claimed to be their grandfather and wanted custody of the plaintiffs who were orphans. The plaintiffs denied that Montague was their grandfather.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSuit includes will of George W. Lewis used as an exhibit. Items bequeathed by Lewis to his heirs include a scrapbook that contained autograph letters signed by General George Washington and a sword given to Lewis' grandfather George Lewis by George Washington. George Lewis was a nephew of Washington. The sword is referenced in Washington's will.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSuit involves the establishment of the town of Colonial Beach.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDispute over oyster grounds. Involves settlement of boundary dispute between Maryland and Virginia along the Potomac River.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePlaintiff was upset that the defendant, a game warden, fined him 10 dollars for hunting game without a license required of non-residents of the state. Kennedy argued that he was a resident of the state and should not have been fined. Offered as proof his voter registration. Game warden claimed the plaintiff registered as a voter in order to avoid paying the fine. Court sided with plaintiff. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1753-1958, consists of cases concerning issues of equity brought largely by residents of the county and filed in the circuit court. These cases often involve the following actions: divisions of estates or land, disputes over wills, disputes regarding contracts, debt, divorce, and business disputes. Other less prevalent issues include freedom suits, permissions to sell property, and disputes concerning trespass. Predominant documents found in these chancery causes include bills (documents the plaintiff's complaint), answers (defendant's response to the plaintiff's complaint), decrees (court's decision), depositions, affidavits, correspondence, lists of heirs, deeds, plats, wills, records involving enslaved individuals, business records or vital statistics.\n","These records contain one box of \"Orphan Chancery.\" These records contain parts, often single items, of chancery causes which could not be further identified as belonging to a certain case.","The plaintiff's administrators were his brothers Richard Henry Lee and Francis Lightfoot Lee. Spencer Carter was hired by Philip Ludwell Lee to build a \"Brig.\" Suit involved disputed wages owed to Carter for his services as a \"master workman.\"\n ","Several depositions involve the bad character of Lewis Mazuro, a French man. Deponents accused him of keeping a whiskey shop, tipling house, and conducting business with enslaved people. Mazuro collected large companies of enslaved people for the purpose of drinking, horse racing, card playing. Mazuro sold enslaved people that did not belong to him. The defendant in the chancery suit called these people to testify for the purpose of underming Mazuro's testimony on behalf of the plaintiff. \n ","Cause involves Ephraim, Joh, and Tom, three enslaved people who were hired out by their enslaver to build a house. Testimony concerns the working habits of the three men and includes, that Ephraim was \"a runaway\".\n ","Testimony by deponents focused on physical health of enslaved people. Example of such testimony includes deposition of Zachariah W. Franklin, \"They [the enslaved men] are able bodied men, and of as likely appearance as usual, though I have frequently heard Henry complain of a pain in his back and breast, but I always thought it was deceit in him, as he is likely in appearance.\" \n ","Cause involves heirs of Colonel Richard H. Parker who was killed in action during the Revolutionary War. His heirs received military bounty land for his service.\n ","Separate maintenance suit. Fanny accused Samuel of affair with Figget, an enslaved womman,  fathering a child with her.\n ","Suit references enslaved people who escaped to the British during the War of 1812 and the enslaver being reimbursed for his loss under the Treaty of Ghent.\n ","The plaintiff was a former resident of Westmoreland County currently living in Henrico County. Bailey hired Critcher to manager her large estate in Westmoreland County. Juila Bailey enslaved 75 Black and Multiracial people valued at 22,000 dollars in 1850. Bailey accused Critcher of selling enslaved inviduals without her permission. Bailey identified Octavia, Paul, and Jenny who were sold at auction in Richmond. In his answer, Critcher acknowledged selling Bailey's enslaved persons but it was for the purpose of paying debts owed by her estate. He recalled hiring out Nelson, and enslaved man, who ran to Maryland where he was captured. A man named Turner claimed Nelson and took him as his property. Critcher filed suit against turner in Maryland to get Nelson back. ","Critcher argued that it was Bailey who wanted Octavia, Paul, and Jenny sold in Richmond. \"In January 1850, the conduct of three of the said negroes, to wit, Jenny, Octavia and Paul, was such that the complainant was no longer able on account of their characters to find them homes in the neighborhood without charge. They often put their own lives in jeopardy. Sometimes slept in the swamps in the coldest nights in winter. Sometimes attempted to hang themselves. And their conduct was attempted to be corrected by the mildest and best treatment on the part of those who hired them and of the complainant herself. Yet no change could be effected. Such was the constant anxiety of mind of the complainant on their account, that she frequently begged this respondent … to sell them and relieve her of the greatest annoyance of her life.\" Critcher sold Octavia, Paul, and Jenny in Richmond $1260.30. Richmond \"slave trader\" R.H. Dickinson was involved in the transaction.","Critcher accused Bailey's former agent John A. Parker of slandering him. Parker publicly accused Critcher of \"selling 3 of her negroes without her knowledge or consent, and pocketing the money.\" Critcher wrote letters to local newspapers defending his honor two of which are exhibits in the chancery cause. In one of the letters, Critcher wrote that he and Parker had a physical altercation in the town of Tappahannock. Critcher pulled Parker's nose and Parker pulled a pistol on Critcher.","Suit concerns the division of enslaved property. Numerous depositions  concern Ellen, an enslaved woman, who is frequently referred to as \"deranged.\" One deponent testified \"she was deranged a woman as ever I saw in my life. We had to keep her everlastingly fastened to a large block.\" Ellen's enslaver sold her while she was fastened to a block.","Cause includes two letters dated July and September 1854 written by D.T. Wright living in St. Louis, Missouri. He was the guardian of the Carter children living in Virginia. Wright was responding to a question from the trustee concerned with the children's enslaved individuals. The trustee wanted to know if Wright wanted to sell the enslaved individuals in Virginia and the funds be distributed among the heirs or have them transported to Missouri. Wright informed the trustee to sell the enslaved individuals in Virginia and not transport them to Missouri. \"There are several reasons why I think you had better sell them there than to have them sent here. They would naturally dislike to come to a strange place and into strange hands. Consequently, they would likely become dissatisfied and might endeavor to make their escape  to Illinois which is a free state and has the name of being connected with Canada by the underground railroad. One thing is quite certain. Our slaves often make their escape. There is also something of a risk and a considerable expense in bringing them here.\" In the second letter, Wright references a riot that took place in St. Louis following the 1854 Congressional election. He placed blame for the riot on the Irish. [See also: Westmoreland County (Va.) Chancery Cause 1854-013.]","Cause involves the division of enslaved individuals. Sydnor and Susan, two enslaved persons, were not sold because they claimed to be emancipated. [Their freedom suit is found on  Virginia Untold ]","Divorce suit. In 1863, plaintiff broke through Union blockade to purchase goods in Maryland and bring back to Virginia. He was captured by Union troops and imprisoned in Washington, D.C. He was released after 3 days but was unable to return to Virginia due to being closely watched. He did not return until after the war. He learned that his wife and children had left his home to live with Robert Richardson in Maryland.","Divorce suit. Plaintiff travelled to Northern states shortly before the Civil War. He did not return to Westmoreland County until after the war. The defendant believed he died during the war and remarried. When her husband returned he filed a habeas corpus to gain custody their child. The defendant was indicted for bigamy but had left for Maryland with her second husband before the trial began.","Plaintiffs were enslaved prior to the end of the Civil War. Charles Montague claimed to be their grandfather and wanted custody of the plaintiffs who were orphans. The plaintiffs denied that Montague was their grandfather.","Suit includes will of George W. Lewis used as an exhibit. Items bequeathed by Lewis to his heirs include a scrapbook that contained autograph letters signed by General George Washington and a sword given to Lewis' grandfather George Lewis by George Washington. George Lewis was a nephew of Washington. The sword is referenced in Washington's will.","Suit involves the establishment of the town of Colonial Beach.","Dispute over oyster grounds. Involves settlement of boundary dispute between Maryland and Virginia along the Potomac River.","Plaintiff was upset that the defendant, a game warden, fined him 10 dollars for hunting game without a license required of non-residents of the state. Kennedy argued that he was a resident of the state and should not have been fined. Offered as proof his voter registration. Game warden claimed the plaintiff registered as a voter in order to avoid paying the fine. Court sided with plaintiff. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":18,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T11:12:54.166Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi04063","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04063","_root_":"vi_vi04063","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04063","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi04063.xml","title_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Chancery Causes, \n1753-1958 (bulk 1873-1913)"],"title_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Chancery Causes, \n1753-1958 (bulk 1873-1913)"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Chancery Causes, \n1753-1958 (bulk 1873-1913)"],"text":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Chancery Causes, \n1753-1958 (bulk 1873-1913)","36.7 cubic feet (8 boxes); Digital images.","Westmoreland County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1753-1913, digital images can be found on the  Chancery Records Index  available electronically at the website of the Library of Virginia. Please use digital images.\n","Organized by case, of which each is assigned a unique index number comprised of the latest year found in case and a sequentially increasing 3-digit number assigned by the processor as cases for that year are found. Arranged chronologically.\n","Arrangement of documents within each folder is as follows: Bill, Answer, and Final Decree (if found).","Context of Record type:  Chancery Causes are cases of equity. According to Black's Law Dictionary they are \"administered according to fairness as contrasted with the strictly formulated rules of common law.\" A judge, not a jury, determines the outcome of the case; however, the judge is basing the decision on findings compiled and documented by Commissioners. Chancery causes are useful when researching local history, genealogical information, and land or estate divisions. They are a valuable source of local, state, social, and legal history and serve as a primary source for understanding a locality's history. Chancery causes document the lived experiences of free and enslaved individuals; women; children; people living with physical disabilities or mental health struggles; people living in poverty; defunct institutions and corporate entities; or those that may not have otherwise left traditional written histories.","Locality History: Westmoreland County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653. The county seat is Montross.\n","Lost Locality Notes:  Many loose papers were burned during both the Revolutionary War and the Civil War. Volumes that record deeds, court orders (except for an order book for the period 1764–1776), and wills exist.","Original Westmoreland County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1914-1958, are retained in the locality. Contact the Clerk of the Circuit Court for access.","Westmoreland County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1753-1958 were initially processed in the field."," In 2013 the Pre-1913 material was  transferred to the Library of Virginia, these records were then reprocessed in two sperate groups according to their respective accession information; the first, 1753-1868, the second, 1808-1913. ","Additional records were processed and interfiled into the collection during a cataloguing assessment project in 2024. Under the same project, additional post 1913 records were indexed and returned to locality by request of the clerk of the Westmoreland County Circuit Court.","Encoded by G. Crawford: 2009; Updated by E. Swain: November 2024.","See also:  Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Superior Court of Law and Chancery Records, 1831-1845.","Additional Westmoreland County County Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\""," Westmoreland County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Prince George County Records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Collection at the Library of Virginia. Search the  Lost Records Localities Digital Collection  available at Virginia Memory.\n","Westmoreland County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1753-1958, consists of cases concerning issues of equity brought largely by residents of the county and filed in the circuit court. These cases often involve the following actions: divisions of estates or land, disputes over wills, disputes regarding contracts, debt, divorce, and business disputes. Other less prevalent issues include freedom suits, permissions to sell property, and disputes concerning trespass. Predominant documents found in these chancery causes include bills (documents the plaintiff's complaint), answers (defendant's response to the plaintiff's complaint), decrees (court's decision), depositions, affidavits, correspondence, lists of heirs, deeds, plats, wills, records involving enslaved individuals, business records or vital statistics.\n","These records contain one box of \"Orphan Chancery.\" These records contain parts, often single items, of chancery causes which could not be further identified as belonging to a certain case.","The plaintiff's administrators were his brothers Richard Henry Lee and Francis Lightfoot Lee. Spencer Carter was hired by Philip Ludwell Lee to build a \"Brig.\" Suit involved disputed wages owed to Carter for his services as a \"master workman.\"\n ","Several depositions involve the bad character of Lewis Mazuro, a French man. Deponents accused him of keeping a whiskey shop, tipling house, and conducting business with enslaved people. Mazuro collected large companies of enslaved people for the purpose of drinking, horse racing, card playing. Mazuro sold enslaved people that did not belong to him. The defendant in the chancery suit called these people to testify for the purpose of underming Mazuro's testimony on behalf of the plaintiff. \n ","Cause involves Ephraim, Joh, and Tom, three enslaved people who were hired out by their enslaver to build a house. Testimony concerns the working habits of the three men and includes, that Ephraim was \"a runaway\".\n ","Testimony by deponents focused on physical health of enslaved people. Example of such testimony includes deposition of Zachariah W. Franklin, \"They [the enslaved men] are able bodied men, and of as likely appearance as usual, though I have frequently heard Henry complain of a pain in his back and breast, but I always thought it was deceit in him, as he is likely in appearance.\" \n ","Cause involves heirs of Colonel Richard H. Parker who was killed in action during the Revolutionary War. His heirs received military bounty land for his service.\n ","Separate maintenance suit. Fanny accused Samuel of affair with Figget, an enslaved womman,  fathering a child with her.\n ","Suit references enslaved people who escaped to the British during the War of 1812 and the enslaver being reimbursed for his loss under the Treaty of Ghent.\n ","The plaintiff was a former resident of Westmoreland County currently living in Henrico County. Bailey hired Critcher to manager her large estate in Westmoreland County. Juila Bailey enslaved 75 Black and Multiracial people valued at 22,000 dollars in 1850. Bailey accused Critcher of selling enslaved inviduals without her permission. Bailey identified Octavia, Paul, and Jenny who were sold at auction in Richmond. In his answer, Critcher acknowledged selling Bailey's enslaved persons but it was for the purpose of paying debts owed by her estate. He recalled hiring out Nelson, and enslaved man, who ran to Maryland where he was captured. A man named Turner claimed Nelson and took him as his property. Critcher filed suit against turner in Maryland to get Nelson back. ","Critcher argued that it was Bailey who wanted Octavia, Paul, and Jenny sold in Richmond. \"In January 1850, the conduct of three of the said negroes, to wit, Jenny, Octavia and Paul, was such that the complainant was no longer able on account of their characters to find them homes in the neighborhood without charge. They often put their own lives in jeopardy. Sometimes slept in the swamps in the coldest nights in winter. Sometimes attempted to hang themselves. And their conduct was attempted to be corrected by the mildest and best treatment on the part of those who hired them and of the complainant herself. Yet no change could be effected. Such was the constant anxiety of mind of the complainant on their account, that she frequently begged this respondent … to sell them and relieve her of the greatest annoyance of her life.\" Critcher sold Octavia, Paul, and Jenny in Richmond $1260.30. Richmond \"slave trader\" R.H. Dickinson was involved in the transaction.","Critcher accused Bailey's former agent John A. Parker of slandering him. Parker publicly accused Critcher of \"selling 3 of her negroes without her knowledge or consent, and pocketing the money.\" Critcher wrote letters to local newspapers defending his honor two of which are exhibits in the chancery cause. In one of the letters, Critcher wrote that he and Parker had a physical altercation in the town of Tappahannock. Critcher pulled Parker's nose and Parker pulled a pistol on Critcher.","Suit concerns the division of enslaved property. Numerous depositions  concern Ellen, an enslaved woman, who is frequently referred to as \"deranged.\" One deponent testified \"she was deranged a woman as ever I saw in my life. We had to keep her everlastingly fastened to a large block.\" Ellen's enslaver sold her while she was fastened to a block.","Cause includes two letters dated July and September 1854 written by D.T. Wright living in St. Louis, Missouri. He was the guardian of the Carter children living in Virginia. Wright was responding to a question from the trustee concerned with the children's enslaved individuals. The trustee wanted to know if Wright wanted to sell the enslaved individuals in Virginia and the funds be distributed among the heirs or have them transported to Missouri. Wright informed the trustee to sell the enslaved individuals in Virginia and not transport them to Missouri. \"There are several reasons why I think you had better sell them there than to have them sent here. They would naturally dislike to come to a strange place and into strange hands. Consequently, they would likely become dissatisfied and might endeavor to make their escape  to Illinois which is a free state and has the name of being connected with Canada by the underground railroad. One thing is quite certain. Our slaves often make their escape. There is also something of a risk and a considerable expense in bringing them here.\" In the second letter, Wright references a riot that took place in St. Louis following the 1854 Congressional election. He placed blame for the riot on the Irish. [See also: Westmoreland County (Va.) Chancery Cause 1854-013.]","Cause involves the division of enslaved individuals. Sydnor and Susan, two enslaved persons, were not sold because they claimed to be emancipated. [Their freedom suit is found on  Virginia Untold ]","Divorce suit. In 1863, plaintiff broke through Union blockade to purchase goods in Maryland and bring back to Virginia. He was captured by Union troops and imprisoned in Washington, D.C. He was released after 3 days but was unable to return to Virginia due to being closely watched. He did not return until after the war. He learned that his wife and children had left his home to live with Robert Richardson in Maryland.","Divorce suit. Plaintiff travelled to Northern states shortly before the Civil War. He did not return to Westmoreland County until after the war. The defendant believed he died during the war and remarried. When her husband returned he filed a habeas corpus to gain custody their child. The defendant was indicted for bigamy but had left for Maryland with her second husband before the trial began.","Plaintiffs were enslaved prior to the end of the Civil War. Charles Montague claimed to be their grandfather and wanted custody of the plaintiffs who were orphans. The plaintiffs denied that Montague was their grandfather.","Suit includes will of George W. Lewis used as an exhibit. Items bequeathed by Lewis to his heirs include a scrapbook that contained autograph letters signed by General George Washington and a sword given to Lewis' grandfather George Lewis by George Washington. George Lewis was a nephew of Washington. The sword is referenced in Washington's will.","Suit involves the establishment of the town of Colonial Beach.","Dispute over oyster grounds. Involves settlement of boundary dispute between Maryland and Virginia along the Potomac River.","Plaintiff was upset that the defendant, a game warden, fined him 10 dollars for hunting game without a license required of non-residents of the state. Kennedy argued that he was a resident of the state and should not have been fined. Offered as proof his voter registration. Game warden claimed the plaintiff registered as a voter in order to avoid paying the fine. Court sided with plaintiff. ","There are no restrictions.","Library of Virginia\n","English\n"],"collection_title_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Chancery Causes, \n1753-1958 (bulk 1873-1913)"],"collection_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Chancery Causes, \n1753-1958 (bulk 1873-1913)"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Westmoreland County (Va.) in 2013 under the accession number 50772 and under an undated accession.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["36.7 cubic feet (8 boxes); Digital images."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1753-1913, digital images can be found on the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/chancery/\"\u003eChancery Records Index\u003c/extref\u003e available electronically at the website of the Library of Virginia. Please use digital images.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1753-1913, digital images can be found on the  Chancery Records Index  available electronically at the website of the Library of Virginia. Please use digital images.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOrganized by case, of which each is assigned a unique index number comprised of the latest year found in case and a sequentially increasing 3-digit number assigned by the processor as cases for that year are found. Arranged chronologically.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArrangement of documents within each folder is as follows: Bill, Answer, and Final Decree (if found).\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement \n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Organized by case, of which each is assigned a unique index number comprised of the latest year found in case and a sequentially increasing 3-digit number assigned by the processor as cases for that year are found. Arranged chronologically.\n","Arrangement of documents within each folder is as follows: Bill, Answer, and Final Decree (if found)."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"bold\"\u003eContext of Record type:\u003c/title\u003e Chancery Causes are cases of equity. According to Black's Law Dictionary they are \"administered according to fairness as contrasted with the strictly formulated rules of common law.\" A judge, not a jury, determines the outcome of the case; however, the judge is basing the decision on findings compiled and documented by Commissioners. Chancery causes are useful when researching local history, genealogical information, and land or estate divisions. They are a valuable source of local, state, social, and legal history and serve as a primary source for understanding a locality's history. Chancery causes document the lived experiences of free and enslaved individuals; women; children; people living with physical disabilities or mental health struggles; people living in poverty; defunct institutions and corporate entities; or those that may not have otherwise left traditional written histories.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History:\u003c/title\u003eWestmoreland County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653. The county seat is Montross.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLost Locality Notes:\u003c/emph\u003e Many loose papers were burned during both the Revolutionary War and the Civil War. Volumes that record deeds, court orders (except for an order book for the period 1764–1776), and wills exist.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context of Record type:  Chancery Causes are cases of equity. According to Black's Law Dictionary they are \"administered according to fairness as contrasted with the strictly formulated rules of common law.\" A judge, not a jury, determines the outcome of the case; however, the judge is basing the decision on findings compiled and documented by Commissioners. Chancery causes are useful when researching local history, genealogical information, and land or estate divisions. They are a valuable source of local, state, social, and legal history and serve as a primary source for understanding a locality's history. Chancery causes document the lived experiences of free and enslaved individuals; women; children; people living with physical disabilities or mental health struggles; people living in poverty; defunct institutions and corporate entities; or those that may not have otherwise left traditional written histories.","Locality History: Westmoreland County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653. The county seat is Montross.\n","Lost Locality Notes:  Many loose papers were burned during both the Revolutionary War and the Civil War. Volumes that record deeds, court orders (except for an order book for the period 1764–1776), and wills exist."],"originalsloc_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOriginal Westmoreland County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1914-1958, are retained in the locality. Contact the Clerk of the Circuit Court for access.\u003c/p\u003e"],"originalsloc_heading_ssm":["Location of Originals\n"],"originalsloc_tesim":["Original Westmoreland County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1914-1958, are retained in the locality. Contact the Clerk of the Circuit Court for access."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1753-1958. (Cite style of suit [and chancery index no. if available]). Local government records collection, Westmoreland County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia, 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1753-1958. (Cite style of suit [and chancery index no. if available]). Local government records collection, Westmoreland County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia, 23219.\n"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1753-1958 were initially processed in the field.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e In 2013 the Pre-1913 material was  transferred to the Library of Virginia, these records were then reprocessed in two sperate groups according to their respective accession information; the first, 1753-1868, the second, 1808-1913. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional records were processed and interfiled into the collection during a cataloguing assessment project in 2024. Under the same project, additional post 1913 records were indexed and returned to locality by request of the clerk of the Westmoreland County Circuit Court.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEncoded by G. Crawford: 2009; Updated by E. Swain: November 2024.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information \n"],"processinfo_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1753-1958 were initially processed in the field."," In 2013 the Pre-1913 material was  transferred to the Library of Virginia, these records were then reprocessed in two sperate groups according to their respective accession information; the first, 1753-1868, the second, 1808-1913. ","Additional records were processed and interfiled into the collection during a cataloguing assessment project in 2024. Under the same project, additional post 1913 records were indexed and returned to locality by request of the clerk of the Westmoreland County Circuit Court.","Encoded by G. Crawford: 2009; Updated by E. Swain: November 2024."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee also: \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi04907.xml\"\u003eWestmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Superior Court of Law and Chancery Records, 1831-1845.\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional Westmoreland County County Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA225\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Westmoreland County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Prince George County Records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Collection at the Library of Virginia. Search the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/lost\"\u003eLost Records Localities Digital Collection\u003c/extref\u003e available at Virginia Memory.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See also:  Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Superior Court of Law and Chancery Records, 1831-1845.","Additional Westmoreland County County Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\""," Westmoreland County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Prince George County Records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Collection at the Library of Virginia. Search the  Lost Records Localities Digital Collection  available at Virginia Memory.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1753-1958, consists of cases concerning issues of equity brought largely by residents of the county and filed in the circuit court. These cases often involve the following actions: divisions of estates or land, disputes over wills, disputes regarding contracts, debt, divorce, and business disputes. Other less prevalent issues include freedom suits, permissions to sell property, and disputes concerning trespass. Predominant documents found in these chancery causes include bills (documents the plaintiff's complaint), answers (defendant's response to the plaintiff's complaint), decrees (court's decision), depositions, affidavits, correspondence, lists of heirs, deeds, plats, wills, records involving enslaved individuals, business records or vital statistics.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese records contain one box of \"Orphan Chancery.\" These records contain parts, often single items, of chancery causes which could not be further identified as belonging to a certain case.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe plaintiff's administrators were his brothers Richard Henry Lee and Francis Lightfoot Lee. Spencer Carter was hired by Philip Ludwell Lee to build a \"Brig.\" Suit involved disputed wages owed to Carter for his services as a \"master workman.\"\n \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeveral depositions involve the bad character of Lewis Mazuro, a French man. Deponents accused him of keeping a whiskey shop, tipling house, and conducting business with enslaved people. Mazuro collected large companies of enslaved people for the purpose of drinking, horse racing, card playing. Mazuro sold enslaved people that did not belong to him. The defendant in the chancery suit called these people to testify for the purpose of underming Mazuro's testimony on behalf of the plaintiff. \n \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCause involves Ephraim, Joh, and Tom, three enslaved people who were hired out by their enslaver to build a house. Testimony concerns the working habits of the three men and includes, that Ephraim was \"a runaway\".\n \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTestimony by deponents focused on physical health of enslaved people. Example of such testimony includes deposition of Zachariah W. Franklin, \"They [the enslaved men] are able bodied men, and of as likely appearance as usual, though I have frequently heard Henry complain of a pain in his back and breast, but I always thought it was deceit in him, as he is likely in appearance.\" \n \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCause involves heirs of Colonel Richard H. Parker who was killed in action during the Revolutionary War. His heirs received military bounty land for his service.\n \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeparate maintenance suit. Fanny accused Samuel of affair with Figget, an enslaved womman,  fathering a child with her.\n \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSuit references enslaved people who escaped to the British during the War of 1812 and the enslaver being reimbursed for his loss under the Treaty of Ghent.\n \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe plaintiff was a former resident of Westmoreland County currently living in Henrico County. Bailey hired Critcher to manager her large estate in Westmoreland County. Juila Bailey enslaved 75 Black and Multiracial people valued at 22,000 dollars in 1850. Bailey accused Critcher of selling enslaved inviduals without her permission. Bailey identified Octavia, Paul, and Jenny who were sold at auction in Richmond. In his answer, Critcher acknowledged selling Bailey's enslaved persons but it was for the purpose of paying debts owed by her estate. He recalled hiring out Nelson, and enslaved man, who ran to Maryland where he was captured. A man named Turner claimed Nelson and took him as his property. Critcher filed suit against turner in Maryland to get Nelson back. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCritcher argued that it was Bailey who wanted Octavia, Paul, and Jenny sold in Richmond. \"In January 1850, the conduct of three of the said negroes, to wit, Jenny, Octavia and Paul, was such that the complainant was no longer able on account of their characters to find them homes in the neighborhood without charge. They often put their own lives in jeopardy. Sometimes slept in the swamps in the coldest nights in winter. Sometimes attempted to hang themselves. And their conduct was attempted to be corrected by the mildest and best treatment on the part of those who hired them and of the complainant herself. Yet no change could be effected. Such was the constant anxiety of mind of the complainant on their account, that she frequently begged this respondent … to sell them and relieve her of the greatest annoyance of her life.\" Critcher sold Octavia, Paul, and Jenny in Richmond $1260.30. Richmond \"slave trader\" R.H. Dickinson was involved in the transaction.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCritcher accused Bailey's former agent John A. Parker of slandering him. Parker publicly accused Critcher of \"selling 3 of her negroes without her knowledge or consent, and pocketing the money.\" Critcher wrote letters to local newspapers defending his honor two of which are exhibits in the chancery cause. In one of the letters, Critcher wrote that he and Parker had a physical altercation in the town of Tappahannock. Critcher pulled Parker's nose and Parker pulled a pistol on Critcher.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSuit concerns the division of enslaved property. Numerous depositions  concern Ellen, an enslaved woman, who is frequently referred to as \"deranged.\" One deponent testified \"she was deranged a woman as ever I saw in my life. We had to keep her everlastingly fastened to a large block.\" Ellen's enslaver sold her while she was fastened to a block.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCause includes two letters dated July and September 1854 written by D.T. Wright living in St. Louis, Missouri. He was the guardian of the Carter children living in Virginia. Wright was responding to a question from the trustee concerned with the children's enslaved individuals. The trustee wanted to know if Wright wanted to sell the enslaved individuals in Virginia and the funds be distributed among the heirs or have them transported to Missouri. Wright informed the trustee to sell the enslaved individuals in Virginia and not transport them to Missouri. \"There are several reasons why I think you had better sell them there than to have them sent here. They would naturally dislike to come to a strange place and into strange hands. Consequently, they would likely become dissatisfied and might endeavor to make their escape  to Illinois which is a free state and has the name of being connected with Canada by the underground railroad. One thing is quite certain. Our slaves often make their escape. There is also something of a risk and a considerable expense in bringing them here.\" In the second letter, Wright references a riot that took place in St. Louis following the 1854 Congressional election. He placed blame for the riot on the Irish. [See also: Westmoreland County (Va.) Chancery Cause 1854-013.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCause involves the division of enslaved individuals. Sydnor and Susan, two enslaved persons, were not sold because they claimed to be emancipated. [Their freedom suit is found on \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/aan/\"\u003eVirginia Untold\u003c/extref\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDivorce suit. In 1863, plaintiff broke through Union blockade to purchase goods in Maryland and bring back to Virginia. He was captured by Union troops and imprisoned in Washington, D.C. He was released after 3 days but was unable to return to Virginia due to being closely watched. He did not return until after the war. He learned that his wife and children had left his home to live with Robert Richardson in Maryland.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDivorce suit. Plaintiff travelled to Northern states shortly before the Civil War. He did not return to Westmoreland County until after the war. The defendant believed he died during the war and remarried. When her husband returned he filed a habeas corpus to gain custody their child. The defendant was indicted for bigamy but had left for Maryland with her second husband before the trial began.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePlaintiffs were enslaved prior to the end of the Civil War. Charles Montague claimed to be their grandfather and wanted custody of the plaintiffs who were orphans. The plaintiffs denied that Montague was their grandfather.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSuit includes will of George W. Lewis used as an exhibit. Items bequeathed by Lewis to his heirs include a scrapbook that contained autograph letters signed by General George Washington and a sword given to Lewis' grandfather George Lewis by George Washington. George Lewis was a nephew of Washington. The sword is referenced in Washington's will.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSuit involves the establishment of the town of Colonial Beach.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDispute over oyster grounds. Involves settlement of boundary dispute between Maryland and Virginia along the Potomac River.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePlaintiff was upset that the defendant, a game warden, fined him 10 dollars for hunting game without a license required of non-residents of the state. Kennedy argued that he was a resident of the state and should not have been fined. Offered as proof his voter registration. Game warden claimed the plaintiff registered as a voter in order to avoid paying the fine. Court sided with plaintiff. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1753-1958, consists of cases concerning issues of equity brought largely by residents of the county and filed in the circuit court. These cases often involve the following actions: divisions of estates or land, disputes over wills, disputes regarding contracts, debt, divorce, and business disputes. Other less prevalent issues include freedom suits, permissions to sell property, and disputes concerning trespass. Predominant documents found in these chancery causes include bills (documents the plaintiff's complaint), answers (defendant's response to the plaintiff's complaint), decrees (court's decision), depositions, affidavits, correspondence, lists of heirs, deeds, plats, wills, records involving enslaved individuals, business records or vital statistics.\n","These records contain one box of \"Orphan Chancery.\" These records contain parts, often single items, of chancery causes which could not be further identified as belonging to a certain case.","The plaintiff's administrators were his brothers Richard Henry Lee and Francis Lightfoot Lee. Spencer Carter was hired by Philip Ludwell Lee to build a \"Brig.\" Suit involved disputed wages owed to Carter for his services as a \"master workman.\"\n ","Several depositions involve the bad character of Lewis Mazuro, a French man. Deponents accused him of keeping a whiskey shop, tipling house, and conducting business with enslaved people. Mazuro collected large companies of enslaved people for the purpose of drinking, horse racing, card playing. Mazuro sold enslaved people that did not belong to him. The defendant in the chancery suit called these people to testify for the purpose of underming Mazuro's testimony on behalf of the plaintiff. \n ","Cause involves Ephraim, Joh, and Tom, three enslaved people who were hired out by their enslaver to build a house. Testimony concerns the working habits of the three men and includes, that Ephraim was \"a runaway\".\n ","Testimony by deponents focused on physical health of enslaved people. Example of such testimony includes deposition of Zachariah W. Franklin, \"They [the enslaved men] are able bodied men, and of as likely appearance as usual, though I have frequently heard Henry complain of a pain in his back and breast, but I always thought it was deceit in him, as he is likely in appearance.\" \n ","Cause involves heirs of Colonel Richard H. Parker who was killed in action during the Revolutionary War. His heirs received military bounty land for his service.\n ","Separate maintenance suit. Fanny accused Samuel of affair with Figget, an enslaved womman,  fathering a child with her.\n ","Suit references enslaved people who escaped to the British during the War of 1812 and the enslaver being reimbursed for his loss under the Treaty of Ghent.\n ","The plaintiff was a former resident of Westmoreland County currently living in Henrico County. Bailey hired Critcher to manager her large estate in Westmoreland County. Juila Bailey enslaved 75 Black and Multiracial people valued at 22,000 dollars in 1850. Bailey accused Critcher of selling enslaved inviduals without her permission. Bailey identified Octavia, Paul, and Jenny who were sold at auction in Richmond. In his answer, Critcher acknowledged selling Bailey's enslaved persons but it was for the purpose of paying debts owed by her estate. He recalled hiring out Nelson, and enslaved man, who ran to Maryland where he was captured. A man named Turner claimed Nelson and took him as his property. Critcher filed suit against turner in Maryland to get Nelson back. ","Critcher argued that it was Bailey who wanted Octavia, Paul, and Jenny sold in Richmond. \"In January 1850, the conduct of three of the said negroes, to wit, Jenny, Octavia and Paul, was such that the complainant was no longer able on account of their characters to find them homes in the neighborhood without charge. They often put their own lives in jeopardy. Sometimes slept in the swamps in the coldest nights in winter. Sometimes attempted to hang themselves. And their conduct was attempted to be corrected by the mildest and best treatment on the part of those who hired them and of the complainant herself. Yet no change could be effected. Such was the constant anxiety of mind of the complainant on their account, that she frequently begged this respondent … to sell them and relieve her of the greatest annoyance of her life.\" Critcher sold Octavia, Paul, and Jenny in Richmond $1260.30. Richmond \"slave trader\" R.H. Dickinson was involved in the transaction.","Critcher accused Bailey's former agent John A. Parker of slandering him. Parker publicly accused Critcher of \"selling 3 of her negroes without her knowledge or consent, and pocketing the money.\" Critcher wrote letters to local newspapers defending his honor two of which are exhibits in the chancery cause. In one of the letters, Critcher wrote that he and Parker had a physical altercation in the town of Tappahannock. Critcher pulled Parker's nose and Parker pulled a pistol on Critcher.","Suit concerns the division of enslaved property. Numerous depositions  concern Ellen, an enslaved woman, who is frequently referred to as \"deranged.\" One deponent testified \"she was deranged a woman as ever I saw in my life. We had to keep her everlastingly fastened to a large block.\" Ellen's enslaver sold her while she was fastened to a block.","Cause includes two letters dated July and September 1854 written by D.T. Wright living in St. Louis, Missouri. He was the guardian of the Carter children living in Virginia. Wright was responding to a question from the trustee concerned with the children's enslaved individuals. The trustee wanted to know if Wright wanted to sell the enslaved individuals in Virginia and the funds be distributed among the heirs or have them transported to Missouri. Wright informed the trustee to sell the enslaved individuals in Virginia and not transport them to Missouri. \"There are several reasons why I think you had better sell them there than to have them sent here. They would naturally dislike to come to a strange place and into strange hands. Consequently, they would likely become dissatisfied and might endeavor to make their escape  to Illinois which is a free state and has the name of being connected with Canada by the underground railroad. One thing is quite certain. Our slaves often make their escape. There is also something of a risk and a considerable expense in bringing them here.\" In the second letter, Wright references a riot that took place in St. Louis following the 1854 Congressional election. He placed blame for the riot on the Irish. [See also: Westmoreland County (Va.) Chancery Cause 1854-013.]","Cause involves the division of enslaved individuals. Sydnor and Susan, two enslaved persons, were not sold because they claimed to be emancipated. [Their freedom suit is found on  Virginia Untold ]","Divorce suit. In 1863, plaintiff broke through Union blockade to purchase goods in Maryland and bring back to Virginia. He was captured by Union troops and imprisoned in Washington, D.C. He was released after 3 days but was unable to return to Virginia due to being closely watched. He did not return until after the war. He learned that his wife and children had left his home to live with Robert Richardson in Maryland.","Divorce suit. Plaintiff travelled to Northern states shortly before the Civil War. He did not return to Westmoreland County until after the war. The defendant believed he died during the war and remarried. When her husband returned he filed a habeas corpus to gain custody their child. The defendant was indicted for bigamy but had left for Maryland with her second husband before the trial began.","Plaintiffs were enslaved prior to the end of the Civil War. Charles Montague claimed to be their grandfather and wanted custody of the plaintiffs who were orphans. The plaintiffs denied that Montague was their grandfather.","Suit includes will of George W. Lewis used as an exhibit. Items bequeathed by Lewis to his heirs include a scrapbook that contained autograph letters signed by General George Washington and a sword given to Lewis' grandfather George Lewis by George Washington. George Lewis was a nephew of Washington. The sword is referenced in Washington's will.","Suit involves the establishment of the town of Colonial Beach.","Dispute over oyster grounds. Involves settlement of boundary dispute between Maryland and Virginia along the Potomac River.","Plaintiff was upset that the defendant, a game warden, fined him 10 dollars for hunting game without a license required of non-residents of the state. Kennedy argued that he was a resident of the state and should not have been fined. Offered as proof his voter registration. Game warden claimed the plaintiff registered as a voter in order to avoid paying the fine. Court sided with plaintiff. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":18,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T11:12:54.166Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04063"}},{"id":"vi_vi04908","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court Records, \n1854-1916","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04908#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04908#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court Records, 1854-1916, consist of 1 box of Executions Returned, 2 Execution Books, 2 Orders at Law Books, 1 Orders of Court and Miscellaneous Court Notes Book and 1 Memorandum Book. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04908#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi04908","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04908","_root_":"vi_vi04908","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04908","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi04908.xml","title_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court Records, \n1854-1916"],"title_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court Records, \n1854-1916"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1042953, 1101686, 1101730-1101814\n"],"text":["1042953, 1101686, 1101730-1101814\n","Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court Records, \n1854-1916","Public records--Virginia--Westmoreland County.","Local government records--Virginia--Westmoreland County.","There are no restrictions.\n","This collection is arranged chronologically.","Westmoreland County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653. The county seat is Montross.\n","The circuit courts in Virginia were authorized by the constitution of 1851, and were established by acts passed by the General Assembly in May 1852. Theese courts were granted original jurisdiction concurrent with that of the county courts. Since 1873 they have had exclusive jurisdiction in chancery causes. The Virginia constitution of 1902 made no provision for continuing the county courts, and their original jurisdiction was given to the circuit courts effective 1 February 1904. The circuit courts still exist today, and are now the only court of record in Virginia localities.\n","Many loose papers were burned during the Revolutionary War and the Civil War. Volumes that record deeds, court orders (except an order book for the period 1764-1776) and wills exist.\n","Additional Westomoreland County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult  A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.","Westmoreland County (Va.) is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Westmoreland County records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Digital Collection at the Library of Virginia. Search the   Lost Records Localities Digital Collection available at Virginia Memory.","Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court Records, 1854-1916, consist of 1 box of Executions Returned, 2 Execution Books, 2 Orders at Law Books, 1 Orders of Court and Miscellaneous Court Notes Book and 1 Memorandum Book.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","State Records Center--Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n","Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court.","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1042953, 1101686, 1101730-1101814\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court Records, \n1854-1916"],"collection_title_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court Records, \n1854-1916"],"collection_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court Records, \n1854-1916"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in a shipment of court records from Westmoreland County.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Public records--Virginia--Westmoreland County.","Local government records--Virginia--Westmoreland County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Public records--Virginia--Westmoreland County.","Local government records--Virginia--Westmoreland County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 box; 6 v."],"extent_tesim":["1 box; 6 v."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged chronologically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653. The county seat is Montross.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe circuit courts in Virginia were authorized by the constitution of 1851, and were established by acts passed by the General Assembly in May 1852. Theese courts were granted original jurisdiction concurrent with that of the county courts. Since 1873 they have had exclusive jurisdiction in chancery causes. The Virginia constitution of 1902 made no provision for continuing the county courts, and their original jurisdiction was given to the circuit courts effective 1 February 1904. The circuit courts still exist today, and are now the only court of record in Virginia localities.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMany loose papers were burned during the Revolutionary War and the Civil War. Volumes that record deeds, court orders (except an order book for the period 1764-1776) and wills exist.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Westmoreland County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653. The county seat is Montross.\n","The circuit courts in Virginia were authorized by the constitution of 1851, and were established by acts passed by the General Assembly in May 1852. Theese courts were granted original jurisdiction concurrent with that of the county courts. Since 1873 they have had exclusive jurisdiction in chancery causes. The Virginia constitution of 1902 made no provision for continuing the county courts, and their original jurisdiction was given to the circuit courts effective 1 February 1904. The circuit courts still exist today, and are now the only court of record in Virginia localities.\n","Many loose papers were burned during the Revolutionary War and the Civil War. Volumes that record deeds, court orders (except an order book for the period 1764-1776) and wills exist.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court Records, 1854-1916. Local government records collection, Westmoreland County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court Records, 1854-1916. Local government records collection, Westmoreland County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Westomoreland County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/\"\u003eA Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\u003c/extref\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va.) is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Westmoreland County records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Digital Collection at the Library of Virginia. Search the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/lost\"\u003e Lost Records Localities Digital Collection available at Virginia Memory.\u003c/extref\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n","Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Westomoreland County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult  A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.","Westmoreland County (Va.) is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Westmoreland County records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Digital Collection at the Library of Virginia. Search the   Lost Records Localities Digital Collection available at Virginia Memory."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court Records, 1854-1916, consist of 1 box of Executions Returned, 2 Execution Books, 2 Orders at Law Books, 1 Orders of Court and Miscellaneous Court Notes Book and 1 Memorandum Book.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court Records, 1854-1916, consist of 1 box of Executions Returned, 2 Execution Books, 2 Orders at Law Books, 1 Orders of Court and Miscellaneous Court Notes Book and 1 Memorandum Book.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Shelf Location\"\u003eState Records Center--Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["State Records Center--Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"corpname_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:59:09.088Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi04908","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04908","_root_":"vi_vi04908","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04908","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi04908.xml","title_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court Records, \n1854-1916"],"title_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court Records, \n1854-1916"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1042953, 1101686, 1101730-1101814\n"],"text":["1042953, 1101686, 1101730-1101814\n","Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court Records, \n1854-1916","Public records--Virginia--Westmoreland County.","Local government records--Virginia--Westmoreland County.","There are no restrictions.\n","This collection is arranged chronologically.","Westmoreland County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653. The county seat is Montross.\n","The circuit courts in Virginia were authorized by the constitution of 1851, and were established by acts passed by the General Assembly in May 1852. Theese courts were granted original jurisdiction concurrent with that of the county courts. Since 1873 they have had exclusive jurisdiction in chancery causes. The Virginia constitution of 1902 made no provision for continuing the county courts, and their original jurisdiction was given to the circuit courts effective 1 February 1904. The circuit courts still exist today, and are now the only court of record in Virginia localities.\n","Many loose papers were burned during the Revolutionary War and the Civil War. Volumes that record deeds, court orders (except an order book for the period 1764-1776) and wills exist.\n","Additional Westomoreland County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult  A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.","Westmoreland County (Va.) is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Westmoreland County records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Digital Collection at the Library of Virginia. Search the   Lost Records Localities Digital Collection available at Virginia Memory.","Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court Records, 1854-1916, consist of 1 box of Executions Returned, 2 Execution Books, 2 Orders at Law Books, 1 Orders of Court and Miscellaneous Court Notes Book and 1 Memorandum Book.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","State Records Center--Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n","Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court.","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1042953, 1101686, 1101730-1101814\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court Records, \n1854-1916"],"collection_title_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court Records, \n1854-1916"],"collection_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court Records, \n1854-1916"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in a shipment of court records from Westmoreland County.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Public records--Virginia--Westmoreland County.","Local government records--Virginia--Westmoreland County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Public records--Virginia--Westmoreland County.","Local government records--Virginia--Westmoreland County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 box; 6 v."],"extent_tesim":["1 box; 6 v."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged chronologically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653. The county seat is Montross.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe circuit courts in Virginia were authorized by the constitution of 1851, and were established by acts passed by the General Assembly in May 1852. Theese courts were granted original jurisdiction concurrent with that of the county courts. Since 1873 they have had exclusive jurisdiction in chancery causes. The Virginia constitution of 1902 made no provision for continuing the county courts, and their original jurisdiction was given to the circuit courts effective 1 February 1904. The circuit courts still exist today, and are now the only court of record in Virginia localities.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMany loose papers were burned during the Revolutionary War and the Civil War. Volumes that record deeds, court orders (except an order book for the period 1764-1776) and wills exist.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Westmoreland County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653. The county seat is Montross.\n","The circuit courts in Virginia were authorized by the constitution of 1851, and were established by acts passed by the General Assembly in May 1852. Theese courts were granted original jurisdiction concurrent with that of the county courts. Since 1873 they have had exclusive jurisdiction in chancery causes. The Virginia constitution of 1902 made no provision for continuing the county courts, and their original jurisdiction was given to the circuit courts effective 1 February 1904. The circuit courts still exist today, and are now the only court of record in Virginia localities.\n","Many loose papers were burned during the Revolutionary War and the Civil War. Volumes that record deeds, court orders (except an order book for the period 1764-1776) and wills exist.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court Records, 1854-1916. Local government records collection, Westmoreland County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court Records, 1854-1916. Local government records collection, Westmoreland County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Westomoreland County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/\"\u003eA Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\u003c/extref\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va.) is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Westmoreland County records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Digital Collection at the Library of Virginia. Search the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/lost\"\u003e Lost Records Localities Digital Collection available at Virginia Memory.\u003c/extref\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n","Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Westomoreland County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult  A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.","Westmoreland County (Va.) is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Westmoreland County records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Digital Collection at the Library of Virginia. Search the   Lost Records Localities Digital Collection available at Virginia Memory."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court Records, 1854-1916, consist of 1 box of Executions Returned, 2 Execution Books, 2 Orders at Law Books, 1 Orders of Court and Miscellaneous Court Notes Book and 1 Memorandum Book.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court Records, 1854-1916, consist of 1 box of Executions Returned, 2 Execution Books, 2 Orders at Law Books, 1 Orders of Court and Miscellaneous Court Notes Book and 1 Memorandum Book.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Shelf Location\"\u003eState Records Center--Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["State Records Center--Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"corpname_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:59:09.088Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04908"}},{"id":"vi_vi03399","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Westmoreland County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions,\n1802-1939","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03399#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03399#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1802-1939, are investigations into the deaths of individuals who died by a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious manner, or died without medical attendance. Causes of death found in coroners' inquisitions include murder, infanticide, suicide, domestic violence, exposure to elements, drownings, train accidents, automobile accidents, and natural causes, or as commonly referred to in the 19th century, visitation by God. Documents commonly found in coroners' inquests include the inquisition, depositions, and summons. Criminal papers such as recognizance bonds can be found in coroner inquisitions. Information found in the inquisition include the name of the coroner, the names of the jurors, the name and age of the deceased if known, gender and race of the deceased, and when, how, and by what means the deceased came to his or her death. If the deceased was African American, the inquest would identify the deceased as a slave or free person if known. If the deceased was a slave, the inquest would include, if known, the name of the slaveowner and the slaveowner's residence. Information found in the depositions include the name of the deponent and his or her account of the circumstances that led to the death of the deceased. Slaves were deponents in coroner investigations. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03399#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi03399","ead_ssi":"vi_vi03399","_root_":"vi_vi03399","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi03399","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi03399.xml","title_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions,\n1802-1939"],"title_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions,\n1802-1939"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["0007329896\n"],"text":["0007329896\n","Westmoreland County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions,\n1802-1939","African Americans--History","Coroners--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Death--Causes--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Free African Americans--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Infanticide--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Murder--Investigation--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Murder victims--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Slaveholders--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Slaves--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Suicide--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Women--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Death records--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Local government records--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Reports--Virginia--Westmoreland County",".45 cu. ft. (1 box)","There are no restrictions.\n","Chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the court.\n","Westmoreland County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653, and part of King George County was added in 1777.\n","The separate office of coroner appeared in Virginia about 1660. The judicial duty of the office is to hold inquisitions in cases when persons meet sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious death, or death without medical attendance.  The coroner would summon a jury to assist him in determining cause of death.  Prior to November 1877, the jurors numbered twelve.  Between November 1877 and March 1926, the jurors numbered six.   The jury viewed the body of the deceased and heard the testimony of witnesses.  The coroner was required to write down witness testimony.  After seeing and hearing the evidence, the jury delivered in writing to the coroner their conclusion concerning cause of death referred to as the inquisition.  After March 1926, only the coroner determined cause of death.  He could require physicians to assist him with determing cause of death.  If a criminal act was determined to be the cause of death, the coroner was to deliver the guilty person to the sheriff and the coroners' inquests would be used as evidence in the criminal trial.\n","Westmoreland County (Va) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1802-1939, are investigations into the deaths of individuals who died by a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious manner, or died without medical attendance.  Causes of death found in coroners' inquisitions include murder, infanticide, suicide, domestic violence, exposure to elements, drownings, train accidents, automobile accidents, and natural causes, or as commonly referred to in the 19th century, visitation by God.  Documents commonly found in coroners' inquests include the inquisition, depositions, and summons.  Criminal papers such as recognizance bonds can be found in coroner inquisitions.  Information found in the inquisition include the name of the coroner, the names of the jurors, the name and age of the deceased if known, gender and race of the deceased, and when, how, and by what means the deceased came to his or her death.  If the deceased was African American, the inquest would identify the deceased as a slave or free person if known.  If the deceased was a slave, the inquest would include, if known, the name of the slaveowner and the slaveowner's residence.  Information found in the depositions include the name of the deponent and his or her account of the circumstances that led to the death of the deceased.  Slaves were deponents in coroner investigations. \n","Smoot \"died from a gun shot wound to his right breast from a gun held in his right hand, which discharged casually and by misfortune and against his will.\"\n","Sauders died from an unknown cause, but his wife was suspected of poisoning him. \n","Died by accidentally falling out of the bed and dislocating her neck.\n","Jones died by accident when he attempted to act as a mediator in an altercation between two men.\n","Davis Jr., age thirteen, died as a result of a gunshot wound inflicted by a twelve year old boy with a .22 caliber rifle at a shooting range.","Coates, who was placed in jail for drunk and disorderly conduct, was killed by a fire \"of unknown origin\" which burned the town jail in which he was confined.","There are no restrictions.\n","Library of Virginia\n","Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["0007329896\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions,\n1802-1939"],"collection_title_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions,\n1802-1939"],"collection_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions,\n1802-1939"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in shipments of court records from Westmoreland County.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans--History","Coroners--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Death--Causes--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Free African Americans--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Infanticide--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Murder--Investigation--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Murder victims--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Slaveholders--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Slaves--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Suicide--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Women--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Death records--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Local government records--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Reports--Virginia--Westmoreland County"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans--History","Coroners--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Death--Causes--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Free African Americans--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Infanticide--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Murder--Investigation--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Murder victims--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Slaveholders--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Slaves--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Suicide--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Women--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Death records--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Local government records--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Reports--Virginia--Westmoreland County"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":[".45 cu. ft. (1 box)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the court.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the court.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653, and part of King George County was added in 1777.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe separate office of coroner appeared in Virginia about 1660. The judicial duty of the office is to hold inquisitions in cases when persons meet sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious death, or death without medical attendance.  The coroner would summon a jury to assist him in determining cause of death.  Prior to November 1877, the jurors numbered twelve.  Between November 1877 and March 1926, the jurors numbered six.   The jury viewed the body of the deceased and heard the testimony of witnesses.  The coroner was required to write down witness testimony.  After seeing and hearing the evidence, the jury delivered in writing to the coroner their conclusion concerning cause of death referred to as the inquisition.  After March 1926, only the coroner determined cause of death.  He could require physicians to assist him with determing cause of death.  If a criminal act was determined to be the cause of death, the coroner was to deliver the guilty person to the sheriff and the coroners' inquests would be used as evidence in the criminal trial.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Westmoreland County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653, and part of King George County was added in 1777.\n","The separate office of coroner appeared in Virginia about 1660. The judicial duty of the office is to hold inquisitions in cases when persons meet sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious death, or death without medical attendance.  The coroner would summon a jury to assist him in determining cause of death.  Prior to November 1877, the jurors numbered twelve.  Between November 1877 and March 1926, the jurors numbered six.   The jury viewed the body of the deceased and heard the testimony of witnesses.  The coroner was required to write down witness testimony.  After seeing and hearing the evidence, the jury delivered in writing to the coroner their conclusion concerning cause of death referred to as the inquisition.  After March 1926, only the coroner determined cause of death.  He could require physicians to assist him with determing cause of death.  If a criminal act was determined to be the cause of death, the coroner was to deliver the guilty person to the sheriff and the coroners' inquests would be used as evidence in the criminal trial.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1802-1939. Local government records collection, Westmoreland Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, VA 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1802-1939. Local government records collection, Westmoreland Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, VA 23219.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1802-1939, are investigations into the deaths of individuals who died by a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious manner, or died without medical attendance.  Causes of death found in coroners' inquisitions include murder, infanticide, suicide, domestic violence, exposure to elements, drownings, train accidents, automobile accidents, and natural causes, or as commonly referred to in the 19th century, visitation by God.  Documents commonly found in coroners' inquests include the inquisition, depositions, and summons.  Criminal papers such as recognizance bonds can be found in coroner inquisitions.  Information found in the inquisition include the name of the coroner, the names of the jurors, the name and age of the deceased if known, gender and race of the deceased, and when, how, and by what means the deceased came to his or her death.  If the deceased was African American, the inquest would identify the deceased as a slave or free person if known.  If the deceased was a slave, the inquest would include, if known, the name of the slaveowner and the slaveowner's residence.  Information found in the depositions include the name of the deponent and his or her account of the circumstances that led to the death of the deceased.  Slaves were deponents in coroner investigations. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSmoot \"died from a gun shot wound to his right breast from a gun held in his right hand, which discharged casually and by misfortune and against his will.\"\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSauders died from an unknown cause, but his wife was suspected of poisoning him. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDied by accidentally falling out of the bed and dislocating her neck.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJones died by accident when he attempted to act as a mediator in an altercation between two men.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDavis Jr., age thirteen, died as a result of a gunshot wound inflicted by a twelve year old boy with a .22 caliber rifle at a shooting range.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCoates, who was placed in jail for drunk and disorderly conduct, was killed by a fire \"of unknown origin\" which burned the town jail in which he was confined.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1802-1939, are investigations into the deaths of individuals who died by a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious manner, or died without medical attendance.  Causes of death found in coroners' inquisitions include murder, infanticide, suicide, domestic violence, exposure to elements, drownings, train accidents, automobile accidents, and natural causes, or as commonly referred to in the 19th century, visitation by God.  Documents commonly found in coroners' inquests include the inquisition, depositions, and summons.  Criminal papers such as recognizance bonds can be found in coroner inquisitions.  Information found in the inquisition include the name of the coroner, the names of the jurors, the name and age of the deceased if known, gender and race of the deceased, and when, how, and by what means the deceased came to his or her death.  If the deceased was African American, the inquest would identify the deceased as a slave or free person if known.  If the deceased was a slave, the inquest would include, if known, the name of the slaveowner and the slaveowner's residence.  Information found in the depositions include the name of the deponent and his or her account of the circumstances that led to the death of the deceased.  Slaves were deponents in coroner investigations. \n","Smoot \"died from a gun shot wound to his right breast from a gun held in his right hand, which discharged casually and by misfortune and against his will.\"\n","Sauders died from an unknown cause, but his wife was suspected of poisoning him. \n","Died by accidentally falling out of the bed and dislocating her neck.\n","Jones died by accident when he attempted to act as a mediator in an altercation between two men.\n","Davis Jr., age thirteen, died as a result of a gunshot wound inflicted by a twelve year old boy with a .22 caliber rifle at a shooting range.","Coates, who was placed in jail for drunk and disorderly conduct, was killed by a fire \"of unknown origin\" which burned the town jail in which he was confined."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"corpname_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":6,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T09:37:23.736Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi03399","ead_ssi":"vi_vi03399","_root_":"vi_vi03399","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi03399","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi03399.xml","title_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions,\n1802-1939"],"title_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions,\n1802-1939"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["0007329896\n"],"text":["0007329896\n","Westmoreland County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions,\n1802-1939","African Americans--History","Coroners--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Death--Causes--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Free African Americans--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Infanticide--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Murder--Investigation--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Murder victims--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Slaveholders--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Slaves--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Suicide--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Women--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Death records--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Local government records--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Reports--Virginia--Westmoreland County",".45 cu. ft. (1 box)","There are no restrictions.\n","Chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the court.\n","Westmoreland County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653, and part of King George County was added in 1777.\n","The separate office of coroner appeared in Virginia about 1660. The judicial duty of the office is to hold inquisitions in cases when persons meet sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious death, or death without medical attendance.  The coroner would summon a jury to assist him in determining cause of death.  Prior to November 1877, the jurors numbered twelve.  Between November 1877 and March 1926, the jurors numbered six.   The jury viewed the body of the deceased and heard the testimony of witnesses.  The coroner was required to write down witness testimony.  After seeing and hearing the evidence, the jury delivered in writing to the coroner their conclusion concerning cause of death referred to as the inquisition.  After March 1926, only the coroner determined cause of death.  He could require physicians to assist him with determing cause of death.  If a criminal act was determined to be the cause of death, the coroner was to deliver the guilty person to the sheriff and the coroners' inquests would be used as evidence in the criminal trial.\n","Westmoreland County (Va) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1802-1939, are investigations into the deaths of individuals who died by a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious manner, or died without medical attendance.  Causes of death found in coroners' inquisitions include murder, infanticide, suicide, domestic violence, exposure to elements, drownings, train accidents, automobile accidents, and natural causes, or as commonly referred to in the 19th century, visitation by God.  Documents commonly found in coroners' inquests include the inquisition, depositions, and summons.  Criminal papers such as recognizance bonds can be found in coroner inquisitions.  Information found in the inquisition include the name of the coroner, the names of the jurors, the name and age of the deceased if known, gender and race of the deceased, and when, how, and by what means the deceased came to his or her death.  If the deceased was African American, the inquest would identify the deceased as a slave or free person if known.  If the deceased was a slave, the inquest would include, if known, the name of the slaveowner and the slaveowner's residence.  Information found in the depositions include the name of the deponent and his or her account of the circumstances that led to the death of the deceased.  Slaves were deponents in coroner investigations. \n","Smoot \"died from a gun shot wound to his right breast from a gun held in his right hand, which discharged casually and by misfortune and against his will.\"\n","Sauders died from an unknown cause, but his wife was suspected of poisoning him. \n","Died by accidentally falling out of the bed and dislocating her neck.\n","Jones died by accident when he attempted to act as a mediator in an altercation between two men.\n","Davis Jr., age thirteen, died as a result of a gunshot wound inflicted by a twelve year old boy with a .22 caliber rifle at a shooting range.","Coates, who was placed in jail for drunk and disorderly conduct, was killed by a fire \"of unknown origin\" which burned the town jail in which he was confined.","There are no restrictions.\n","Library of Virginia\n","Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["0007329896\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions,\n1802-1939"],"collection_title_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions,\n1802-1939"],"collection_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions,\n1802-1939"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in shipments of court records from Westmoreland County.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans--History","Coroners--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Death--Causes--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Free African Americans--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Infanticide--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Murder--Investigation--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Murder victims--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Slaveholders--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Slaves--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Suicide--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Women--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Death records--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Local government records--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Reports--Virginia--Westmoreland County"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans--History","Coroners--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Death--Causes--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Free African Americans--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Infanticide--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Murder--Investigation--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Murder victims--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Slaveholders--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Slaves--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Suicide--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Women--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Death records--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Local government records--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Reports--Virginia--Westmoreland County"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":[".45 cu. ft. (1 box)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the court.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the court.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653, and part of King George County was added in 1777.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe separate office of coroner appeared in Virginia about 1660. The judicial duty of the office is to hold inquisitions in cases when persons meet sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious death, or death without medical attendance.  The coroner would summon a jury to assist him in determining cause of death.  Prior to November 1877, the jurors numbered twelve.  Between November 1877 and March 1926, the jurors numbered six.   The jury viewed the body of the deceased and heard the testimony of witnesses.  The coroner was required to write down witness testimony.  After seeing and hearing the evidence, the jury delivered in writing to the coroner their conclusion concerning cause of death referred to as the inquisition.  After March 1926, only the coroner determined cause of death.  He could require physicians to assist him with determing cause of death.  If a criminal act was determined to be the cause of death, the coroner was to deliver the guilty person to the sheriff and the coroners' inquests would be used as evidence in the criminal trial.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Westmoreland County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653, and part of King George County was added in 1777.\n","The separate office of coroner appeared in Virginia about 1660. The judicial duty of the office is to hold inquisitions in cases when persons meet sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious death, or death without medical attendance.  The coroner would summon a jury to assist him in determining cause of death.  Prior to November 1877, the jurors numbered twelve.  Between November 1877 and March 1926, the jurors numbered six.   The jury viewed the body of the deceased and heard the testimony of witnesses.  The coroner was required to write down witness testimony.  After seeing and hearing the evidence, the jury delivered in writing to the coroner their conclusion concerning cause of death referred to as the inquisition.  After March 1926, only the coroner determined cause of death.  He could require physicians to assist him with determing cause of death.  If a criminal act was determined to be the cause of death, the coroner was to deliver the guilty person to the sheriff and the coroners' inquests would be used as evidence in the criminal trial.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1802-1939. Local government records collection, Westmoreland Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, VA 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1802-1939. Local government records collection, Westmoreland Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, VA 23219.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1802-1939, are investigations into the deaths of individuals who died by a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious manner, or died without medical attendance.  Causes of death found in coroners' inquisitions include murder, infanticide, suicide, domestic violence, exposure to elements, drownings, train accidents, automobile accidents, and natural causes, or as commonly referred to in the 19th century, visitation by God.  Documents commonly found in coroners' inquests include the inquisition, depositions, and summons.  Criminal papers such as recognizance bonds can be found in coroner inquisitions.  Information found in the inquisition include the name of the coroner, the names of the jurors, the name and age of the deceased if known, gender and race of the deceased, and when, how, and by what means the deceased came to his or her death.  If the deceased was African American, the inquest would identify the deceased as a slave or free person if known.  If the deceased was a slave, the inquest would include, if known, the name of the slaveowner and the slaveowner's residence.  Information found in the depositions include the name of the deponent and his or her account of the circumstances that led to the death of the deceased.  Slaves were deponents in coroner investigations. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSmoot \"died from a gun shot wound to his right breast from a gun held in his right hand, which discharged casually and by misfortune and against his will.\"\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSauders died from an unknown cause, but his wife was suspected of poisoning him. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDied by accidentally falling out of the bed and dislocating her neck.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJones died by accident when he attempted to act as a mediator in an altercation between two men.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDavis Jr., age thirteen, died as a result of a gunshot wound inflicted by a twelve year old boy with a .22 caliber rifle at a shooting range.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCoates, who was placed in jail for drunk and disorderly conduct, was killed by a fire \"of unknown origin\" which burned the town jail in which he was confined.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1802-1939, are investigations into the deaths of individuals who died by a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious manner, or died without medical attendance.  Causes of death found in coroners' inquisitions include murder, infanticide, suicide, domestic violence, exposure to elements, drownings, train accidents, automobile accidents, and natural causes, or as commonly referred to in the 19th century, visitation by God.  Documents commonly found in coroners' inquests include the inquisition, depositions, and summons.  Criminal papers such as recognizance bonds can be found in coroner inquisitions.  Information found in the inquisition include the name of the coroner, the names of the jurors, the name and age of the deceased if known, gender and race of the deceased, and when, how, and by what means the deceased came to his or her death.  If the deceased was African American, the inquest would identify the deceased as a slave or free person if known.  If the deceased was a slave, the inquest would include, if known, the name of the slaveowner and the slaveowner's residence.  Information found in the depositions include the name of the deponent and his or her account of the circumstances that led to the death of the deceased.  Slaves were deponents in coroner investigations. \n","Smoot \"died from a gun shot wound to his right breast from a gun held in his right hand, which discharged casually and by misfortune and against his will.\"\n","Sauders died from an unknown cause, but his wife was suspected of poisoning him. \n","Died by accidentally falling out of the bed and dislocating her neck.\n","Jones died by accident when he attempted to act as a mediator in an altercation between two men.\n","Davis Jr., age thirteen, died as a result of a gunshot wound inflicted by a twelve year old boy with a .22 caliber rifle at a shooting range.","Coates, who was placed in jail for drunk and disorderly conduct, was killed by a fire \"of unknown origin\" which burned the town jail in which he was confined."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) 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These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; religion; sex; and sexual orientation and gender identity.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02630#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi02630","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02630","_root_":"vi_vi02630","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02630","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi02630.xml","title_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Criminal Records,\n1776-1952"],"title_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Criminal Records,\n1776-1952"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Criminal Records,\n1776-1952"],"text":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Criminal Records,\n1776-1952","8.33 cubic feet (19 boxes)","Commonwealth Causes, 1778-1863, involving enslaved and free Black individuals are digitized and available through  Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection   on the Library of Virginia website. Please use digital images. \n","Criminal Records, 1776-1952, pertaining to white and non-Black individuals remain unprocessed. Contact Archives Reference Staff for access.","Boxes of commonwealth causes, 1778-1863, pertaining to free and enslaved persons are arranged chronologically.\nAll other boxes are unprocessed.\n\n","Chronological\n","Context for Record Type:  Commonwealth causes are criminal court cases filed by the state government that consist primarily of warrants, summons, subpoenas, indictments, recognizances, and verdicts handed down by juries and other legal authorities in order to prosecute individuals who violated the penal code.\n","The commonwealth causes reveal an inconsistency in forms of conviction and punishment for white versus Black and multiracial individuals. Throughout the early nineteenth century, Virginia legislators revised the laws in ways that reduced the legal status of free Black and multiracial people to that of enslaved, thereby creating a legal system based on race. White Virginians and legislators feared insurrection and passed laws restricting the number of Black and multiracial people allowed to gather in groups. Enslavers could be fined for permitting their enslaved people to hire themselves out for work and enslaved people were jailed on these occasions. While public whipping originated as a form of punishment for all those convicted, in Virginia, it was retained for those who were Black, free or enslaved, and officially outlawed as a punishment for white criminals in 1848. Often, Black individuals served much longer penitentiary sentences while the cases of white men, who had committed the same or similar crimes, were dismissed.\n","The documents that frequently appear in criminal records include warrants that were issued by grand juries, judges, and justices of the peace directing law enforcement officials to either arrest and imprison a person suspected of having committed a crime or to cause an individual to appear in court to answer accusations made against them. Peace warrants directing an offender to \"keep the peace of the Commonwealth\" or to restrain from any violent acts are commonly found in assault and battery cases. They also contain summonses, used to call a suspected person, witness, or victim(s) to appear in court, and indictments (sometimes called presentments) are the official, written description of the crime that an accused individual is suspected of committing, which is approved by a grand jury and presented to a court in order to begin legal proceedings. Criminal record additionally include verdicts are the formal pronouncements made by juries on issues submitted to them by a judge or other law enforcement official. In the case of a guilty verdict, a judge will sentence the offender. \n","Locality History Note:  Westmoreland County was named for the English county.  It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653, and part of King George County was added in 1777.\n","Lost Locality Note:  Many Loose papers were burned during the Revolutionary War and the Civil War. Volumes that record deeds, court orders (except for an order book ,1764-1776), and wills exist.\n","Additional Westmoreland County criminal records may be found at the Westmoreland County Courthouse, contact the Clerk of the Court.\n","Encoded by Sam Walters as \"Westmoreland County (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, 1776-1914\", 2008; updated by M. Mason, 2023.\n","Commonwealth Causes, 1778-1863, pertaining to enslaved and free Black individuals were removed from the unprocessed Westmoreland Commonwealth Causes and then processed and indexed as a distinct unit by E. Swain for the purposes of digitizing them for the digital project Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative. All other commonwealth causes,1776-1952, pertaining to white and non-Black individuals as well as all post-1863 commonwealth causes are still unprocessed and filed with the unprocessed Commonwealth Causes. ","Records related to free and enslaved people of Westmoreland County (Va.) and other localities are available through the  Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection   on the Library of Virginia website.","Additional Westmoreland County (Va.) court records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Westmoreland County (Va.) is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Westmoreland County (Va.) Court Records may be found in the \n Lost Records Localities Digital Collection    on the Library of Virginia website. ","Materials in the Library of Virginia's collections contain historical terms, phrases, and images that are offensive to modern readers. These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; religion; sex; and sexual orientation and gender identity.","Westmoreland County (Va.) Criminal Records, 1776-1952, remain largely unprocessed but consist primarily of warrants, summons, indictments, and verdicts handed down by grand juries and other legal authorities in order to prosecute individuals who violated the penal code. Included are three boxes of processed material consisting of Commonwealth Causes,1778-1863, involving free and enslaved Black individuals.\n","Although the majority of these records are not fully processed and indexed, a survey of the 1776-1865 Commonwealth Causes has allowed for the documentation of various trends found in this set of records. Notability, the testimonies found throughout the Commonwealth causes for this time period contain great detail which extends to testimony provided by the coroner in cases of murder.\n","The Commonwealth Causes (consisting of arrest warrants, summons, and Grand Jury presentments) originating in the late 18th century contain a significant number of records concerned with social behavior such as public consumption of alcohol, consumption of alcohol on the sabbath, as well as charges related to swearing [profanity use] in public.\n","There are also a large number of causes brought against individuals who did not cast a ballot in local elections.\n","Additionally, there are a consistent number of unmarried women asking for child support against fathers. By the early 19th century there was a noticeable drop off of these cases and a shift; the state focused instead in attempting to prosecute those who had committed adultery instead of private citizens seeking the state's assistance for supporting the children produced from these unions. \n","Of additional interest, are several causes brought against individuals who had purposely spread smallpox (meaning they had refused to inoculate themselves yet continued to interact with others in public spaces).","The Criminal Records of the 19th century, 1800-1865, still largely concern social behaviors primarily alcohol consumption and distribution (selling ardent spirits to enslaved people, selling ardent spirts at the place where it was consumed, selling without a retail license, etc.) as well as operating houses of ill fame, playing cards, gambling, and racing horses. These causes also note instances of alleged mingling between white and Black individuals.  Lastly, there are several murder cases that involved domestic violence. ","The three boxes of processed material consist of Commonwealth Causes,1778-1863, involving free and enslaved Black individuals where the defendants themselves are either free or enslaved Black individuals. These cases also consist of white defendants who are charged with crimes involving matters of chattel slavery; violence against a free or enslaved Black persons; or other violations of laws involving the policing of Black communities.","Causes commonly found against free Black and enslaved people might include breaking and entering, stealing, assault, murder, arson, and aiding enslaved people to self-emancipate. Formerly enslaved men and women could also be tried for remaining in the commonwealth more than one year following emancipation. There are also cases against enslavers who permitted a gathering of enslaved people on their property.","Additional unprocessed material includes Grand Jury Presentments, 1786-1787, 1801-1857; Peace Warrants and Peace Bonds, 1789, 1802-1844; Criminal Proceedings, 1839; and a 1845-1911 box containing recognizances; lists of venire men; and clerk's lists of fines. ","There are no restrictions.\n","Library of Virginia\n","English\n"],"collection_title_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Criminal Records,\n1776-1952"],"collection_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Criminal Records,\n1776-1952"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in multiple shipments of court papers from Westmoreland County including a transfer under the accession number 41889 and undated accessions. \n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["8.33 cubic feet (19 boxes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCommonwealth Causes, 1778-1863, involving enslaved and free Black individuals are digitized and available through \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/aan\"\u003eVirginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection \u003c/extref\u003e on the Library of Virginia website. Please use digital images. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCriminal Records, 1776-1952, pertaining to white and non-Black individuals remain unprocessed. Contact Archives Reference Staff for access.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Commonwealth Causes, 1778-1863, involving enslaved and free Black individuals are digitized and available through  Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection   on the Library of Virginia website. Please use digital images. \n","Criminal Records, 1776-1952, pertaining to white and non-Black individuals remain unprocessed. Contact Archives Reference Staff for access."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBoxes of commonwealth causes, 1778-1863, pertaining to free and enslaved persons are arranged chronologically.\nAll other boxes are unprocessed.\n\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChronological\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Boxes of commonwealth causes, 1778-1863, pertaining to free and enslaved persons are arranged chronologically.\nAll other boxes are unprocessed.\n\n","Chronological\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Record Type:\u003c/emph\u003e Commonwealth causes are criminal court cases filed by the state government that consist primarily of warrants, summons, subpoenas, indictments, recognizances, and verdicts handed down by juries and other legal authorities in order to prosecute individuals who violated the penal code.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe commonwealth causes reveal an inconsistency in forms of conviction and punishment for white versus Black and multiracial individuals. Throughout the early nineteenth century, Virginia legislators revised the laws in ways that reduced the legal status of free Black and multiracial people to that of enslaved, thereby creating a legal system based on race. White Virginians and legislators feared insurrection and passed laws restricting the number of Black and multiracial people allowed to gather in groups. Enslavers could be fined for permitting their enslaved people to hire themselves out for work and enslaved people were jailed on these occasions. While public whipping originated as a form of punishment for all those convicted, in Virginia, it was retained for those who were Black, free or enslaved, and officially outlawed as a punishment for white criminals in 1848. Often, Black individuals served much longer penitentiary sentences while the cases of white men, who had committed the same or similar crimes, were dismissed.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe documents that frequently appear in criminal records include warrants that were issued by grand juries, judges, and justices of the peace directing law enforcement officials to either arrest and imprison a person suspected of having committed a crime or to cause an individual to appear in court to answer accusations made against them. Peace warrants directing an offender to \"keep the peace of the Commonwealth\" or to restrain from any violent acts are commonly found in assault and battery cases. They also contain summonses, used to call a suspected person, witness, or victim(s) to appear in court, and indictments (sometimes called presentments) are the official, written description of the crime that an accused individual is suspected of committing, which is approved by a grand jury and presented to a court in order to begin legal proceedings. Criminal record additionally include verdicts are the formal pronouncements made by juries on issues submitted to them by a judge or other law enforcement official. In the case of a guilty verdict, a judge will sentence the offender. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History Note:\u003c/emph\u003e Westmoreland County was named for the English county.  It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653, and part of King George County was added in 1777.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLost Locality Note:\u003c/emph\u003e Many Loose papers were burned during the Revolutionary War and the Civil War. Volumes that record deeds, court orders (except for an order book ,1764-1776), and wills exist.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Record Type:  Commonwealth causes are criminal court cases filed by the state government that consist primarily of warrants, summons, subpoenas, indictments, recognizances, and verdicts handed down by juries and other legal authorities in order to prosecute individuals who violated the penal code.\n","The commonwealth causes reveal an inconsistency in forms of conviction and punishment for white versus Black and multiracial individuals. Throughout the early nineteenth century, Virginia legislators revised the laws in ways that reduced the legal status of free Black and multiracial people to that of enslaved, thereby creating a legal system based on race. White Virginians and legislators feared insurrection and passed laws restricting the number of Black and multiracial people allowed to gather in groups. Enslavers could be fined for permitting their enslaved people to hire themselves out for work and enslaved people were jailed on these occasions. While public whipping originated as a form of punishment for all those convicted, in Virginia, it was retained for those who were Black, free or enslaved, and officially outlawed as a punishment for white criminals in 1848. Often, Black individuals served much longer penitentiary sentences while the cases of white men, who had committed the same or similar crimes, were dismissed.\n","The documents that frequently appear in criminal records include warrants that were issued by grand juries, judges, and justices of the peace directing law enforcement officials to either arrest and imprison a person suspected of having committed a crime or to cause an individual to appear in court to answer accusations made against them. Peace warrants directing an offender to \"keep the peace of the Commonwealth\" or to restrain from any violent acts are commonly found in assault and battery cases. They also contain summonses, used to call a suspected person, witness, or victim(s) to appear in court, and indictments (sometimes called presentments) are the official, written description of the crime that an accused individual is suspected of committing, which is approved by a grand jury and presented to a court in order to begin legal proceedings. Criminal record additionally include verdicts are the formal pronouncements made by juries on issues submitted to them by a judge or other law enforcement official. In the case of a guilty verdict, a judge will sentence the offender. \n","Locality History Note:  Westmoreland County was named for the English county.  It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653, and part of King George County was added in 1777.\n","Lost Locality Note:  Many Loose papers were burned during the Revolutionary War and the Civil War. Volumes that record deeds, court orders (except for an order book ,1764-1776), and wills exist.\n"],"originalsloc_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Westmoreland County criminal records may be found at the Westmoreland County Courthouse, contact the Clerk of the Court.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"originalsloc_heading_ssm":["Location of Originals\n"],"originalsloc_tesim":["Additional Westmoreland County criminal records may be found at the Westmoreland County Courthouse, contact the Clerk of the Court.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, 1776-1952. Local government records collection, Westmoreland County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, 1776-1952. Local government records collection, Westmoreland County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEncoded by Sam Walters as \"Westmoreland County (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, 1776-1914\", 2008; updated by M. Mason, 2023.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCommonwealth Causes, 1778-1863, pertaining to enslaved and free Black individuals were removed from the unprocessed Westmoreland Commonwealth Causes and then processed and indexed as a distinct unit by E. Swain for the purposes of digitizing them for the digital project Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative. All other commonwealth causes,1776-1952, pertaining to white and non-Black individuals as well as all post-1863 commonwealth causes are still unprocessed and filed with the unprocessed Commonwealth Causes. \u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information\n"],"processinfo_tesim":["Encoded by Sam Walters as \"Westmoreland County (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, 1776-1914\", 2008; updated by M. Mason, 2023.\n","Commonwealth Causes, 1778-1863, pertaining to enslaved and free Black individuals were removed from the unprocessed Westmoreland Commonwealth Causes and then processed and indexed as a distinct unit by E. Swain for the purposes of digitizing them for the digital project Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative. All other commonwealth causes,1776-1952, pertaining to white and non-Black individuals as well as all post-1863 commonwealth causes are still unprocessed and filed with the unprocessed Commonwealth Causes. "],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecords related to free and enslaved people of Westmoreland County (Va.) and other localities are available through the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/aan\"\u003eVirginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection \u003c/extref\u003e on the Library of Virginia website.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional Westmoreland County (Va.) court records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA131\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va.) is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Westmoreland County (Va.) Court Records may be found in the \n\u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/lost\"\u003eLost Records Localities Digital Collection  \u003c/extref\u003e on the Library of Virginia website. \u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Records related to free and enslaved people of Westmoreland County (Va.) and other localities are available through the  Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection   on the Library of Virginia website.","Additional Westmoreland County (Va.) court records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Westmoreland County (Va.) is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Westmoreland County (Va.) Court Records may be found in the \n Lost Records Localities Digital Collection    on the Library of Virginia website. "],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\n\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eMaterials in the Library of Virginia's collections contain historical terms, phrases, and images that are offensive to modern readers. These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; religion; sex; and sexual orientation and gender identity.\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va.) Criminal Records, 1776-1952, remain largely unprocessed but consist primarily of warrants, summons, indictments, and verdicts handed down by grand juries and other legal authorities in order to prosecute individuals who violated the penal code. Included are three boxes of processed material consisting of Commonwealth Causes,1778-1863, involving free and enslaved Black individuals.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlthough the majority of these records are not fully processed and indexed, a survey of the 1776-1865 Commonwealth Causes has allowed for the documentation of various trends found in this set of records. Notability, the testimonies found throughout the Commonwealth causes for this time period contain great detail which extends to testimony provided by the coroner in cases of murder.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Commonwealth Causes (consisting of arrest warrants, summons, and Grand Jury presentments) originating in the late 18th century contain a significant number of records concerned with social behavior such as public consumption of alcohol, consumption of alcohol on the sabbath, as well as charges related to swearing [profanity use] in public.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are also a large number of causes brought against individuals who did not cast a ballot in local elections.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, there are a consistent number of unmarried women asking for child support against fathers. By the early 19th century there was a noticeable drop off of these cases and a shift; the state focused instead in attempting to prosecute those who had committed adultery instead of private citizens seeking the state's assistance for supporting the children produced from these unions. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOf additional interest, are several causes brought against individuals who had purposely spread smallpox (meaning they had refused to inoculate themselves yet continued to interact with others in public spaces).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Criminal Records of the 19th century, 1800-1865, still largely concern social behaviors primarily alcohol consumption and distribution (selling ardent spirits to enslaved people, selling ardent spirts at the place where it was consumed, selling without a retail license, etc.) as well as operating houses of ill fame, playing cards, gambling, and racing horses. These causes also note instances of alleged mingling between white and Black individuals.  Lastly, there are several murder cases that involved domestic violence. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe three boxes of processed material consist of Commonwealth Causes,1778-1863, involving free and enslaved Black individuals where the defendants themselves are either free or enslaved Black individuals. These cases also consist of white defendants who are charged with crimes involving matters of chattel slavery; violence against a free or enslaved Black persons; or other violations of laws involving the policing of Black communities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCauses commonly found against free Black and enslaved people might include breaking and entering, stealing, assault, murder, arson, and aiding enslaved people to self-emancipate. Formerly enslaved men and women could also be tried for remaining in the commonwealth more than one year following emancipation. There are also cases against enslavers who permitted a gathering of enslaved people on their property.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional unprocessed material includes Grand Jury Presentments, 1786-1787, 1801-1857; Peace Warrants and Peace Bonds, 1789, 1802-1844; Criminal Proceedings, 1839; and a 1845-1911 box containing recognizances; lists of venire men; and clerk's lists of fines. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Materials in the Library of Virginia's collections contain historical terms, phrases, and images that are offensive to modern readers. These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; religion; sex; and sexual orientation and gender identity.","Westmoreland County (Va.) Criminal Records, 1776-1952, remain largely unprocessed but consist primarily of warrants, summons, indictments, and verdicts handed down by grand juries and other legal authorities in order to prosecute individuals who violated the penal code. Included are three boxes of processed material consisting of Commonwealth Causes,1778-1863, involving free and enslaved Black individuals.\n","Although the majority of these records are not fully processed and indexed, a survey of the 1776-1865 Commonwealth Causes has allowed for the documentation of various trends found in this set of records. Notability, the testimonies found throughout the Commonwealth causes for this time period contain great detail which extends to testimony provided by the coroner in cases of murder.\n","The Commonwealth Causes (consisting of arrest warrants, summons, and Grand Jury presentments) originating in the late 18th century contain a significant number of records concerned with social behavior such as public consumption of alcohol, consumption of alcohol on the sabbath, as well as charges related to swearing [profanity use] in public.\n","There are also a large number of causes brought against individuals who did not cast a ballot in local elections.\n","Additionally, there are a consistent number of unmarried women asking for child support against fathers. By the early 19th century there was a noticeable drop off of these cases and a shift; the state focused instead in attempting to prosecute those who had committed adultery instead of private citizens seeking the state's assistance for supporting the children produced from these unions. \n","Of additional interest, are several causes brought against individuals who had purposely spread smallpox (meaning they had refused to inoculate themselves yet continued to interact with others in public spaces).","The Criminal Records of the 19th century, 1800-1865, still largely concern social behaviors primarily alcohol consumption and distribution (selling ardent spirits to enslaved people, selling ardent spirts at the place where it was consumed, selling without a retail license, etc.) as well as operating houses of ill fame, playing cards, gambling, and racing horses. These causes also note instances of alleged mingling between white and Black individuals.  Lastly, there are several murder cases that involved domestic violence. ","The three boxes of processed material consist of Commonwealth Causes,1778-1863, involving free and enslaved Black individuals where the defendants themselves are either free or enslaved Black individuals. These cases also consist of white defendants who are charged with crimes involving matters of chattel slavery; violence against a free or enslaved Black persons; or other violations of laws involving the policing of Black communities.","Causes commonly found against free Black and enslaved people might include breaking and entering, stealing, assault, murder, arson, and aiding enslaved people to self-emancipate. Formerly enslaved men and women could also be tried for remaining in the commonwealth more than one year following emancipation. There are also cases against enslavers who permitted a gathering of enslaved people on their property.","Additional unprocessed material includes Grand Jury Presentments, 1786-1787, 1801-1857; Peace Warrants and Peace Bonds, 1789, 1802-1844; Criminal Proceedings, 1839; and a 1845-1911 box containing recognizances; lists of venire men; and clerk's lists of fines. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":21,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:13:56.915Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi02630","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02630","_root_":"vi_vi02630","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02630","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi02630.xml","title_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Criminal Records,\n1776-1952"],"title_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Criminal Records,\n1776-1952"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Criminal Records,\n1776-1952"],"text":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Criminal Records,\n1776-1952","8.33 cubic feet (19 boxes)","Commonwealth Causes, 1778-1863, involving enslaved and free Black individuals are digitized and available through  Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection   on the Library of Virginia website. Please use digital images. \n","Criminal Records, 1776-1952, pertaining to white and non-Black individuals remain unprocessed. Contact Archives Reference Staff for access.","Boxes of commonwealth causes, 1778-1863, pertaining to free and enslaved persons are arranged chronologically.\nAll other boxes are unprocessed.\n\n","Chronological\n","Context for Record Type:  Commonwealth causes are criminal court cases filed by the state government that consist primarily of warrants, summons, subpoenas, indictments, recognizances, and verdicts handed down by juries and other legal authorities in order to prosecute individuals who violated the penal code.\n","The commonwealth causes reveal an inconsistency in forms of conviction and punishment for white versus Black and multiracial individuals. Throughout the early nineteenth century, Virginia legislators revised the laws in ways that reduced the legal status of free Black and multiracial people to that of enslaved, thereby creating a legal system based on race. White Virginians and legislators feared insurrection and passed laws restricting the number of Black and multiracial people allowed to gather in groups. Enslavers could be fined for permitting their enslaved people to hire themselves out for work and enslaved people were jailed on these occasions. While public whipping originated as a form of punishment for all those convicted, in Virginia, it was retained for those who were Black, free or enslaved, and officially outlawed as a punishment for white criminals in 1848. Often, Black individuals served much longer penitentiary sentences while the cases of white men, who had committed the same or similar crimes, were dismissed.\n","The documents that frequently appear in criminal records include warrants that were issued by grand juries, judges, and justices of the peace directing law enforcement officials to either arrest and imprison a person suspected of having committed a crime or to cause an individual to appear in court to answer accusations made against them. Peace warrants directing an offender to \"keep the peace of the Commonwealth\" or to restrain from any violent acts are commonly found in assault and battery cases. They also contain summonses, used to call a suspected person, witness, or victim(s) to appear in court, and indictments (sometimes called presentments) are the official, written description of the crime that an accused individual is suspected of committing, which is approved by a grand jury and presented to a court in order to begin legal proceedings. Criminal record additionally include verdicts are the formal pronouncements made by juries on issues submitted to them by a judge or other law enforcement official. In the case of a guilty verdict, a judge will sentence the offender. \n","Locality History Note:  Westmoreland County was named for the English county.  It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653, and part of King George County was added in 1777.\n","Lost Locality Note:  Many Loose papers were burned during the Revolutionary War and the Civil War. Volumes that record deeds, court orders (except for an order book ,1764-1776), and wills exist.\n","Additional Westmoreland County criminal records may be found at the Westmoreland County Courthouse, contact the Clerk of the Court.\n","Encoded by Sam Walters as \"Westmoreland County (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, 1776-1914\", 2008; updated by M. Mason, 2023.\n","Commonwealth Causes, 1778-1863, pertaining to enslaved and free Black individuals were removed from the unprocessed Westmoreland Commonwealth Causes and then processed and indexed as a distinct unit by E. Swain for the purposes of digitizing them for the digital project Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative. All other commonwealth causes,1776-1952, pertaining to white and non-Black individuals as well as all post-1863 commonwealth causes are still unprocessed and filed with the unprocessed Commonwealth Causes. ","Records related to free and enslaved people of Westmoreland County (Va.) and other localities are available through the  Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection   on the Library of Virginia website.","Additional Westmoreland County (Va.) court records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Westmoreland County (Va.) is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Westmoreland County (Va.) Court Records may be found in the \n Lost Records Localities Digital Collection    on the Library of Virginia website. ","Materials in the Library of Virginia's collections contain historical terms, phrases, and images that are offensive to modern readers. These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; religion; sex; and sexual orientation and gender identity.","Westmoreland County (Va.) Criminal Records, 1776-1952, remain largely unprocessed but consist primarily of warrants, summons, indictments, and verdicts handed down by grand juries and other legal authorities in order to prosecute individuals who violated the penal code. Included are three boxes of processed material consisting of Commonwealth Causes,1778-1863, involving free and enslaved Black individuals.\n","Although the majority of these records are not fully processed and indexed, a survey of the 1776-1865 Commonwealth Causes has allowed for the documentation of various trends found in this set of records. Notability, the testimonies found throughout the Commonwealth causes for this time period contain great detail which extends to testimony provided by the coroner in cases of murder.\n","The Commonwealth Causes (consisting of arrest warrants, summons, and Grand Jury presentments) originating in the late 18th century contain a significant number of records concerned with social behavior such as public consumption of alcohol, consumption of alcohol on the sabbath, as well as charges related to swearing [profanity use] in public.\n","There are also a large number of causes brought against individuals who did not cast a ballot in local elections.\n","Additionally, there are a consistent number of unmarried women asking for child support against fathers. By the early 19th century there was a noticeable drop off of these cases and a shift; the state focused instead in attempting to prosecute those who had committed adultery instead of private citizens seeking the state's assistance for supporting the children produced from these unions. \n","Of additional interest, are several causes brought against individuals who had purposely spread smallpox (meaning they had refused to inoculate themselves yet continued to interact with others in public spaces).","The Criminal Records of the 19th century, 1800-1865, still largely concern social behaviors primarily alcohol consumption and distribution (selling ardent spirits to enslaved people, selling ardent spirts at the place where it was consumed, selling without a retail license, etc.) as well as operating houses of ill fame, playing cards, gambling, and racing horses. These causes also note instances of alleged mingling between white and Black individuals.  Lastly, there are several murder cases that involved domestic violence. ","The three boxes of processed material consist of Commonwealth Causes,1778-1863, involving free and enslaved Black individuals where the defendants themselves are either free or enslaved Black individuals. These cases also consist of white defendants who are charged with crimes involving matters of chattel slavery; violence against a free or enslaved Black persons; or other violations of laws involving the policing of Black communities.","Causes commonly found against free Black and enslaved people might include breaking and entering, stealing, assault, murder, arson, and aiding enslaved people to self-emancipate. Formerly enslaved men and women could also be tried for remaining in the commonwealth more than one year following emancipation. There are also cases against enslavers who permitted a gathering of enslaved people on their property.","Additional unprocessed material includes Grand Jury Presentments, 1786-1787, 1801-1857; Peace Warrants and Peace Bonds, 1789, 1802-1844; Criminal Proceedings, 1839; and a 1845-1911 box containing recognizances; lists of venire men; and clerk's lists of fines. ","There are no restrictions.\n","Library of Virginia\n","English\n"],"collection_title_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Criminal Records,\n1776-1952"],"collection_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Criminal Records,\n1776-1952"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in multiple shipments of court papers from Westmoreland County including a transfer under the accession number 41889 and undated accessions. \n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["8.33 cubic feet (19 boxes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCommonwealth Causes, 1778-1863, involving enslaved and free Black individuals are digitized and available through \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/aan\"\u003eVirginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection \u003c/extref\u003e on the Library of Virginia website. Please use digital images. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCriminal Records, 1776-1952, pertaining to white and non-Black individuals remain unprocessed. Contact Archives Reference Staff for access.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Commonwealth Causes, 1778-1863, involving enslaved and free Black individuals are digitized and available through  Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection   on the Library of Virginia website. Please use digital images. \n","Criminal Records, 1776-1952, pertaining to white and non-Black individuals remain unprocessed. Contact Archives Reference Staff for access."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBoxes of commonwealth causes, 1778-1863, pertaining to free and enslaved persons are arranged chronologically.\nAll other boxes are unprocessed.\n\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChronological\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Boxes of commonwealth causes, 1778-1863, pertaining to free and enslaved persons are arranged chronologically.\nAll other boxes are unprocessed.\n\n","Chronological\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Record Type:\u003c/emph\u003e Commonwealth causes are criminal court cases filed by the state government that consist primarily of warrants, summons, subpoenas, indictments, recognizances, and verdicts handed down by juries and other legal authorities in order to prosecute individuals who violated the penal code.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe commonwealth causes reveal an inconsistency in forms of conviction and punishment for white versus Black and multiracial individuals. Throughout the early nineteenth century, Virginia legislators revised the laws in ways that reduced the legal status of free Black and multiracial people to that of enslaved, thereby creating a legal system based on race. White Virginians and legislators feared insurrection and passed laws restricting the number of Black and multiracial people allowed to gather in groups. Enslavers could be fined for permitting their enslaved people to hire themselves out for work and enslaved people were jailed on these occasions. While public whipping originated as a form of punishment for all those convicted, in Virginia, it was retained for those who were Black, free or enslaved, and officially outlawed as a punishment for white criminals in 1848. Often, Black individuals served much longer penitentiary sentences while the cases of white men, who had committed the same or similar crimes, were dismissed.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe documents that frequently appear in criminal records include warrants that were issued by grand juries, judges, and justices of the peace directing law enforcement officials to either arrest and imprison a person suspected of having committed a crime or to cause an individual to appear in court to answer accusations made against them. Peace warrants directing an offender to \"keep the peace of the Commonwealth\" or to restrain from any violent acts are commonly found in assault and battery cases. They also contain summonses, used to call a suspected person, witness, or victim(s) to appear in court, and indictments (sometimes called presentments) are the official, written description of the crime that an accused individual is suspected of committing, which is approved by a grand jury and presented to a court in order to begin legal proceedings. Criminal record additionally include verdicts are the formal pronouncements made by juries on issues submitted to them by a judge or other law enforcement official. In the case of a guilty verdict, a judge will sentence the offender. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History Note:\u003c/emph\u003e Westmoreland County was named for the English county.  It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653, and part of King George County was added in 1777.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLost Locality Note:\u003c/emph\u003e Many Loose papers were burned during the Revolutionary War and the Civil War. Volumes that record deeds, court orders (except for an order book ,1764-1776), and wills exist.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Record Type:  Commonwealth causes are criminal court cases filed by the state government that consist primarily of warrants, summons, subpoenas, indictments, recognizances, and verdicts handed down by juries and other legal authorities in order to prosecute individuals who violated the penal code.\n","The commonwealth causes reveal an inconsistency in forms of conviction and punishment for white versus Black and multiracial individuals. Throughout the early nineteenth century, Virginia legislators revised the laws in ways that reduced the legal status of free Black and multiracial people to that of enslaved, thereby creating a legal system based on race. White Virginians and legislators feared insurrection and passed laws restricting the number of Black and multiracial people allowed to gather in groups. Enslavers could be fined for permitting their enslaved people to hire themselves out for work and enslaved people were jailed on these occasions. While public whipping originated as a form of punishment for all those convicted, in Virginia, it was retained for those who were Black, free or enslaved, and officially outlawed as a punishment for white criminals in 1848. Often, Black individuals served much longer penitentiary sentences while the cases of white men, who had committed the same or similar crimes, were dismissed.\n","The documents that frequently appear in criminal records include warrants that were issued by grand juries, judges, and justices of the peace directing law enforcement officials to either arrest and imprison a person suspected of having committed a crime or to cause an individual to appear in court to answer accusations made against them. Peace warrants directing an offender to \"keep the peace of the Commonwealth\" or to restrain from any violent acts are commonly found in assault and battery cases. They also contain summonses, used to call a suspected person, witness, or victim(s) to appear in court, and indictments (sometimes called presentments) are the official, written description of the crime that an accused individual is suspected of committing, which is approved by a grand jury and presented to a court in order to begin legal proceedings. Criminal record additionally include verdicts are the formal pronouncements made by juries on issues submitted to them by a judge or other law enforcement official. In the case of a guilty verdict, a judge will sentence the offender. \n","Locality History Note:  Westmoreland County was named for the English county.  It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653, and part of King George County was added in 1777.\n","Lost Locality Note:  Many Loose papers were burned during the Revolutionary War and the Civil War. Volumes that record deeds, court orders (except for an order book ,1764-1776), and wills exist.\n"],"originalsloc_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Westmoreland County criminal records may be found at the Westmoreland County Courthouse, contact the Clerk of the Court.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"originalsloc_heading_ssm":["Location of Originals\n"],"originalsloc_tesim":["Additional Westmoreland County criminal records may be found at the Westmoreland County Courthouse, contact the Clerk of the Court.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, 1776-1952. Local government records collection, Westmoreland County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, 1776-1952. Local government records collection, Westmoreland County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEncoded by Sam Walters as \"Westmoreland County (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, 1776-1914\", 2008; updated by M. Mason, 2023.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCommonwealth Causes, 1778-1863, pertaining to enslaved and free Black individuals were removed from the unprocessed Westmoreland Commonwealth Causes and then processed and indexed as a distinct unit by E. Swain for the purposes of digitizing them for the digital project Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative. All other commonwealth causes,1776-1952, pertaining to white and non-Black individuals as well as all post-1863 commonwealth causes are still unprocessed and filed with the unprocessed Commonwealth Causes. \u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information\n"],"processinfo_tesim":["Encoded by Sam Walters as \"Westmoreland County (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, 1776-1914\", 2008; updated by M. Mason, 2023.\n","Commonwealth Causes, 1778-1863, pertaining to enslaved and free Black individuals were removed from the unprocessed Westmoreland Commonwealth Causes and then processed and indexed as a distinct unit by E. Swain for the purposes of digitizing them for the digital project Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative. All other commonwealth causes,1776-1952, pertaining to white and non-Black individuals as well as all post-1863 commonwealth causes are still unprocessed and filed with the unprocessed Commonwealth Causes. "],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecords related to free and enslaved people of Westmoreland County (Va.) and other localities are available through the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/aan\"\u003eVirginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection \u003c/extref\u003e on the Library of Virginia website.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional Westmoreland County (Va.) court records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA131\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va.) is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Westmoreland County (Va.) Court Records may be found in the \n\u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/lost\"\u003eLost Records Localities Digital Collection  \u003c/extref\u003e on the Library of Virginia website. \u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Records related to free and enslaved people of Westmoreland County (Va.) and other localities are available through the  Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection   on the Library of Virginia website.","Additional Westmoreland County (Va.) court records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Westmoreland County (Va.) is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Westmoreland County (Va.) Court Records may be found in the \n Lost Records Localities Digital Collection    on the Library of Virginia website. "],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\n\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eMaterials in the Library of Virginia's collections contain historical terms, phrases, and images that are offensive to modern readers. These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; religion; sex; and sexual orientation and gender identity.\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va.) Criminal Records, 1776-1952, remain largely unprocessed but consist primarily of warrants, summons, indictments, and verdicts handed down by grand juries and other legal authorities in order to prosecute individuals who violated the penal code. Included are three boxes of processed material consisting of Commonwealth Causes,1778-1863, involving free and enslaved Black individuals.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlthough the majority of these records are not fully processed and indexed, a survey of the 1776-1865 Commonwealth Causes has allowed for the documentation of various trends found in this set of records. Notability, the testimonies found throughout the Commonwealth causes for this time period contain great detail which extends to testimony provided by the coroner in cases of murder.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Commonwealth Causes (consisting of arrest warrants, summons, and Grand Jury presentments) originating in the late 18th century contain a significant number of records concerned with social behavior such as public consumption of alcohol, consumption of alcohol on the sabbath, as well as charges related to swearing [profanity use] in public.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are also a large number of causes brought against individuals who did not cast a ballot in local elections.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, there are a consistent number of unmarried women asking for child support against fathers. By the early 19th century there was a noticeable drop off of these cases and a shift; the state focused instead in attempting to prosecute those who had committed adultery instead of private citizens seeking the state's assistance for supporting the children produced from these unions. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOf additional interest, are several causes brought against individuals who had purposely spread smallpox (meaning they had refused to inoculate themselves yet continued to interact with others in public spaces).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Criminal Records of the 19th century, 1800-1865, still largely concern social behaviors primarily alcohol consumption and distribution (selling ardent spirits to enslaved people, selling ardent spirts at the place where it was consumed, selling without a retail license, etc.) as well as operating houses of ill fame, playing cards, gambling, and racing horses. These causes also note instances of alleged mingling between white and Black individuals.  Lastly, there are several murder cases that involved domestic violence. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe three boxes of processed material consist of Commonwealth Causes,1778-1863, involving free and enslaved Black individuals where the defendants themselves are either free or enslaved Black individuals. These cases also consist of white defendants who are charged with crimes involving matters of chattel slavery; violence against a free or enslaved Black persons; or other violations of laws involving the policing of Black communities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCauses commonly found against free Black and enslaved people might include breaking and entering, stealing, assault, murder, arson, and aiding enslaved people to self-emancipate. Formerly enslaved men and women could also be tried for remaining in the commonwealth more than one year following emancipation. There are also cases against enslavers who permitted a gathering of enslaved people on their property.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional unprocessed material includes Grand Jury Presentments, 1786-1787, 1801-1857; Peace Warrants and Peace Bonds, 1789, 1802-1844; Criminal Proceedings, 1839; and a 1845-1911 box containing recognizances; lists of venire men; and clerk's lists of fines. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Materials in the Library of Virginia's collections contain historical terms, phrases, and images that are offensive to modern readers. These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; religion; sex; and sexual orientation and gender identity.","Westmoreland County (Va.) Criminal Records, 1776-1952, remain largely unprocessed but consist primarily of warrants, summons, indictments, and verdicts handed down by grand juries and other legal authorities in order to prosecute individuals who violated the penal code. Included are three boxes of processed material consisting of Commonwealth Causes,1778-1863, involving free and enslaved Black individuals.\n","Although the majority of these records are not fully processed and indexed, a survey of the 1776-1865 Commonwealth Causes has allowed for the documentation of various trends found in this set of records. Notability, the testimonies found throughout the Commonwealth causes for this time period contain great detail which extends to testimony provided by the coroner in cases of murder.\n","The Commonwealth Causes (consisting of arrest warrants, summons, and Grand Jury presentments) originating in the late 18th century contain a significant number of records concerned with social behavior such as public consumption of alcohol, consumption of alcohol on the sabbath, as well as charges related to swearing [profanity use] in public.\n","There are also a large number of causes brought against individuals who did not cast a ballot in local elections.\n","Additionally, there are a consistent number of unmarried women asking for child support against fathers. By the early 19th century there was a noticeable drop off of these cases and a shift; the state focused instead in attempting to prosecute those who had committed adultery instead of private citizens seeking the state's assistance for supporting the children produced from these unions. \n","Of additional interest, are several causes brought against individuals who had purposely spread smallpox (meaning they had refused to inoculate themselves yet continued to interact with others in public spaces).","The Criminal Records of the 19th century, 1800-1865, still largely concern social behaviors primarily alcohol consumption and distribution (selling ardent spirits to enslaved people, selling ardent spirts at the place where it was consumed, selling without a retail license, etc.) as well as operating houses of ill fame, playing cards, gambling, and racing horses. These causes also note instances of alleged mingling between white and Black individuals.  Lastly, there are several murder cases that involved domestic violence. ","The three boxes of processed material consist of Commonwealth Causes,1778-1863, involving free and enslaved Black individuals where the defendants themselves are either free or enslaved Black individuals. These cases also consist of white defendants who are charged with crimes involving matters of chattel slavery; violence against a free or enslaved Black persons; or other violations of laws involving the policing of Black communities.","Causes commonly found against free Black and enslaved people might include breaking and entering, stealing, assault, murder, arson, and aiding enslaved people to self-emancipate. Formerly enslaved men and women could also be tried for remaining in the commonwealth more than one year following emancipation. There are also cases against enslavers who permitted a gathering of enslaved people on their property.","Additional unprocessed material includes Grand Jury Presentments, 1786-1787, 1801-1857; Peace Warrants and Peace Bonds, 1789, 1802-1844; Criminal Proceedings, 1839; and a 1845-1911 box containing recognizances; lists of venire men; and clerk's lists of fines. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":21,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:13:56.915Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02630"}},{"id":"vi_vi04425","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Westmoreland County (Va) Election Records, \n1902-1954","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04425#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04425#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va.) Election Records, 1902-1954 consist of individual items; and volumes of General Registration, List of Voters, and Rolls of Registered Voters. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04425#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi04425","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04425","_root_":"vi_vi04425","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04425","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi04425.xml","title_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va) Election Records, \n1902-1954"],"title_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va) Election Records, \n1902-1954"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1042957, 1043042, 1101708, 1101719, 1101870, 1101872-1101874\n"],"text":["1042957, 1043042, 1101708, 1101719, 1101870, 1101872-1101874\n","Westmoreland County (Va) Election Records, \n1902-1954","Public records--Virginia--Westmoreland County.","Local government records--Virginia--Westmoreland County","There are no restrictions.\n","Westmoreland County was formed from Northumberland County in 1653, and part of King George was added later. \n","Additional Westmoreland County Court Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult  A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm","Westmoreland County (Va.) Election Records, 1902-1954 consist of individual items; and volumes of General Registration, List of Voters, and Rolls of Registered Voters.\n","This box contains individual election records. The records concern candidates, elections, primaries and an Oath of Office. \n","Generation Registration, 1902-1903. This volume has the following columns: Date of Registration, Number, Name, Date of Birth (year only), Age, Occupation, Residence, Length of Residence in State, County, in Precinct, Is He Exempt from Payment of Poll Tax as a Perquisite To Voting. If Naturalized, Date of Papers, By What Court Issued, If Transferred, When and To What Precinct.\n","This collection contains the Rolls of Voters Registered at Baynesville, Colonial Beach, Hague, Kinsale, Montross, Oldhams and Warrensville Precincts for 1902-1918.\n","There are two copies of the Rolls of Registered Voters for 1902. One copy is the original copy and the other is the Examined or Compared and Examined Copy. The eight White Precincts have each of the White Roll of Registered Voters in 1902. The eight Colored Precincts have each of the Colored Rolls of Register Voters in 1902.  The are two copies of the Rolls of Registered Voters for 1903. One is the original copy and the other is Recorded copy. The seven White Precincts have each of the White Roll of Registered Voters in 1903. Oldhams Precinct only has the Recorded volume.  Six of the Colored Precincts have each of the Colored Roll of Registered Voters in 1903.  The copies of the Roll of Registered Voters in Oldhams Precinct are missing. The two copies of the 1903 Roll of Registered Colored Voters at Warrensville Precincts do not have any names listed in them.\n","This collection contains the Roll of White Voters Registered at Colonial Beach Precinct, 1902-1936; Town Register written in a Roll of White Voters Registered at Colonial Beach Precinct, 1902-1950; List of White Voters Registered at Colonial Beach Precinct, January 1, 1904-1932; County Colored written in a Roll of Colored Voters Registered at Colonial Beach Precinct, 1929-1954; State (County) Register written in a List of White Voters Registered at Colonial Beach Precinct, 1902-1949; Roll of White Voters Registered at Colonial Beach Town, 1902-1954; and Roll of White Voters Registered at Colonial Beach Precinct, 10 October 1902-1918.  \n","This collection contains the Roll of White Voters Registered at Colonial Beach Precinct, 1902-1954; the Roll of Colored Voters Registered at the Town of Colonial Beach Precinct, 1929-1954: the List of Colored Voters Registered at Montross Precinct,1904-1928; and Roll of White Voters Registered at Colonial Beach Precinct, 1902-1932.  \n","This collection contains the Roll of Colored Voters Registered at Hague Precinct, 1902-1903. Included in the volume is a Certificate of Registration in the Permanent Roll of Voters in Kinsale Precinct, County Poll Book for Use in General Elections at Hague Precinct 22 September 1914, and a Poll Book and Certificate of Judges; List of Colored Voters Registered at Hague Precinct since January 1st 1904, 1908-1929; Roll of White Voters Registered at Hague Precinct, 1902-1903. Included in this volume is a County Poll Book for Use in Primary Elections DEMOCRATIC, 14 items in front of this book include letters, certificates, Poll Tax Information; How To Vote, copy of Chapter 413, an Act approved May 24, 1922, five Certificates of Registration, a booklet titled Supplement to Virginia Election Law, Primary Poll Book, Certificates of Judges, 1902-1903; List of White Voters Registered at Hague Precinct since January 1, 1904, 1905-1930, Certificate of Registration; Roll of Colored Voters Registered at Hague Precinct, 1902-1952, two Certificates of Registration; Roll of Colored Voters Registered at Hague Precinct, 1902-1952, two Certificates of Registration; Roll of White Voters Registered at Hague Precinct, 1902-1954, two letters, a postcard and fifty six Certificates of Registration; Roll of Colored Voters Registered at Oak Grove Precinct since January 1, 1904, 1930-1953; Roll of White Voters Registered at Oak Grove Precinct since January 1, 1904, 1902-1952, includes an \"Omitted Capitation Tax Assessed by Commission of Revenue\" receipt;  Roll of Colored Voters Registered at Warrensville Precinct, 1902; and Roll of White Voters Registered at Warrensville Precinct, 1902-1953.  \n","This collection has the Roll of White Voters Registered at Kinsale Precinct, 1902-1929; Roll of Colored Voters Registered at Kinsale Precinct, 1902-1929. Included in this book is a printed list of all person who had paid their Capitation Tax on or before the second day of May 1937 in Westmoreland County, Virginia, including the Town of Colonial Beach, There in According to Law, and eight pages for Montross District-White; Roll of Colored Voters Registered at Kinsale Precinct, 1902-1952; Roll of White Voters Registered at Kinsale Precinct, 1902-1954; List of White Voters Registered at Montross Precinct updated, 1889-1901. This register ask if the voter has been naturalized, the date of his papers, and by what court were they issued. Included in the book is the Application of Inez M. McGinness and Registration Oath 10 August 1927; List of White Voters Registered at Montross Precinct, 1904-1930. Included with this volume is Registration Oaths (Females) for three women on 1 August 1921 and one woman on 28 April 1930. Receipt of Registered Articles No. 87-89. Application for Registration at Montross Precinct for Lawrence S. Cooke for the Board of Supervisor, Westmoreland County Bill of E. C. Healy, Registrar. Application for Registration in Montross Precinct of Ernest C. Mozingo;  Roll of White Voters Registered at Montross Precinct, 1902-1914. Included in this volume is a request for an absentee ballot which was mailed July 25, 1923; Roll of Colored Voters Registered at Montross Precinct, 1902-1903;  Roll of White Voters Registered at Oldhams Precinct, 1902-1952; Roll of Colored Voters Registered at Oldhams Precinct, 1902-1953. Included with this volume is the County Poll Book Used In General Elections giving the Number and Name of Electors and Certificate of Judges, 4 June 1940. Also, a County Poll Book For Use In Primary Elections, DEMOCRATIC, 6 August 1935.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","State Records Center-Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n","Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court.","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1042957, 1043042, 1101708, 1101719, 1101870, 1101872-1101874\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va) Election Records, \n1902-1954"],"collection_title_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va) Election Records, \n1902-1954"],"collection_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va) Election Records, \n1902-1954"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These item came to the Library of Virginia in shipments of court papers from Westmoreland County (Va.). \n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Public records--Virginia--Westmoreland County.","Local government records--Virginia--Westmoreland County"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Public records--Virginia--Westmoreland County.","Local government records--Virginia--Westmoreland County"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 box and 94 volumes"],"extent_tesim":["1 box and 94 volumes"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County was formed from Northumberland County in 1653, and part of King George was added later. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Westmoreland County was formed from Northumberland County in 1653, and part of King George was added later. \n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va.) Election Records, 1902-1954. Local government records collection, Westmoreland County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Election Records, 1902-1954. Local government records collection, Westmoreland County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Westmoreland County Court Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/\"\u003eA Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\u003c/extref\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Westmoreland County Court Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult  A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va.) Election Records, 1902-1954 consist of individual items; and volumes of General Registration, List of Voters, and Rolls of Registered Voters.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis box contains individual election records. The records concern candidates, elections, primaries and an Oath of Office. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeneration Registration, 1902-1903. This volume has the following columns: Date of Registration, Number, Name, Date of Birth (year only), Age, Occupation, Residence, Length of Residence in State, County, in Precinct, Is He Exempt from Payment of Poll Tax as a Perquisite To Voting. If Naturalized, Date of Papers, By What Court Issued, If Transferred, When and To What Precinct.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the Rolls of Voters Registered at Baynesville, Colonial Beach, Hague, Kinsale, Montross, Oldhams and Warrensville Precincts for 1902-1918.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are two copies of the Rolls of Registered Voters for 1902. One copy is the original copy and the other is the Examined or Compared and Examined Copy. The eight White Precincts have each of the White Roll of Registered Voters in 1902. The eight Colored Precincts have each of the Colored Rolls of Register Voters in 1902.  The are two copies of the Rolls of Registered Voters for 1903. One is the original copy and the other is Recorded copy. The seven White Precincts have each of the White Roll of Registered Voters in 1903. Oldhams Precinct only has the Recorded volume.  Six of the Colored Precincts have each of the Colored Roll of Registered Voters in 1903.  The copies of the Roll of Registered Voters in Oldhams Precinct are missing. The two copies of the 1903 Roll of Registered Colored Voters at Warrensville Precincts do not have any names listed in them.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the Roll of White Voters Registered at Colonial Beach Precinct, 1902-1936; Town Register written in a Roll of White Voters Registered at Colonial Beach Precinct, 1902-1950; List of White Voters Registered at Colonial Beach Precinct, January 1, 1904-1932; County Colored written in a Roll of Colored Voters Registered at Colonial Beach Precinct, 1929-1954; State (County) Register written in a List of White Voters Registered at Colonial Beach Precinct, 1902-1949; Roll of White Voters Registered at Colonial Beach Town, 1902-1954; and Roll of White Voters Registered at Colonial Beach Precinct, 10 October 1902-1918.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the Roll of White Voters Registered at Colonial Beach Precinct, 1902-1954; the Roll of Colored Voters Registered at the Town of Colonial Beach Precinct, 1929-1954: the List of Colored Voters Registered at Montross Precinct,1904-1928; and Roll of White Voters Registered at Colonial Beach Precinct, 1902-1932.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the Roll of Colored Voters Registered at Hague Precinct, 1902-1903. Included in the volume is a Certificate of Registration in the Permanent Roll of Voters in Kinsale Precinct, County Poll Book for Use in General Elections at Hague Precinct 22 September 1914, and a Poll Book and Certificate of Judges; List of Colored Voters Registered at Hague Precinct since January 1st 1904, 1908-1929; Roll of White Voters Registered at Hague Precinct, 1902-1903. Included in this volume is a County Poll Book for Use in Primary Elections DEMOCRATIC, 14 items in front of this book include letters, certificates, Poll Tax Information; How To Vote, copy of Chapter 413, an Act approved May 24, 1922, five Certificates of Registration, a booklet titled Supplement to Virginia Election Law, Primary Poll Book, Certificates of Judges, 1902-1903; List of White Voters Registered at Hague Precinct since January 1, 1904, 1905-1930, Certificate of Registration; Roll of Colored Voters Registered at Hague Precinct, 1902-1952, two Certificates of Registration; Roll of Colored Voters Registered at Hague Precinct, 1902-1952, two Certificates of Registration; Roll of White Voters Registered at Hague Precinct, 1902-1954, two letters, a postcard and fifty six Certificates of Registration; Roll of Colored Voters Registered at Oak Grove Precinct since January 1, 1904, 1930-1953; Roll of White Voters Registered at Oak Grove Precinct since January 1, 1904, 1902-1952, includes an \"Omitted Capitation Tax Assessed by Commission of Revenue\" receipt;  Roll of Colored Voters Registered at Warrensville Precinct, 1902; and Roll of White Voters Registered at Warrensville Precinct, 1902-1953.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis collection has the Roll of White Voters Registered at Kinsale Precinct, 1902-1929; Roll of Colored Voters Registered at Kinsale Precinct, 1902-1929. Included in this book is a printed list of all person who had paid their Capitation Tax on or before the second day of May 1937 in Westmoreland County, Virginia, including the Town of Colonial Beach, There in According to Law, and eight pages for Montross District-White; Roll of Colored Voters Registered at Kinsale Precinct, 1902-1952; Roll of White Voters Registered at Kinsale Precinct, 1902-1954; List of White Voters Registered at Montross Precinct updated, 1889-1901. This register ask if the voter has been naturalized, the date of his papers, and by what court were they issued. Included in the book is the Application of Inez M. McGinness and Registration Oath 10 August 1927; List of White Voters Registered at Montross Precinct, 1904-1930. Included with this volume is Registration Oaths (Females) for three women on 1 August 1921 and one woman on 28 April 1930. Receipt of Registered Articles No. 87-89. Application for Registration at Montross Precinct for Lawrence S. Cooke for the Board of Supervisor, Westmoreland County Bill of E. C. Healy, Registrar. Application for Registration in Montross Precinct of Ernest C. Mozingo;  Roll of White Voters Registered at Montross Precinct, 1902-1914. Included in this volume is a request for an absentee ballot which was mailed July 25, 1923; Roll of Colored Voters Registered at Montross Precinct, 1902-1903;  Roll of White Voters Registered at Oldhams Precinct, 1902-1952; Roll of Colored Voters Registered at Oldhams Precinct, 1902-1953. Included with this volume is the County Poll Book Used In General Elections giving the Number and Name of Electors and Certificate of Judges, 4 June 1940. Also, a County Poll Book For Use In Primary Elections, DEMOCRATIC, 6 August 1935.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Election Records, 1902-1954 consist of individual items; and volumes of General Registration, List of Voters, and Rolls of Registered Voters.\n","This box contains individual election records. The records concern candidates, elections, primaries and an Oath of Office. \n","Generation Registration, 1902-1903. This volume has the following columns: Date of Registration, Number, Name, Date of Birth (year only), Age, Occupation, Residence, Length of Residence in State, County, in Precinct, Is He Exempt from Payment of Poll Tax as a Perquisite To Voting. If Naturalized, Date of Papers, By What Court Issued, If Transferred, When and To What Precinct.\n","This collection contains the Rolls of Voters Registered at Baynesville, Colonial Beach, Hague, Kinsale, Montross, Oldhams and Warrensville Precincts for 1902-1918.\n","There are two copies of the Rolls of Registered Voters for 1902. One copy is the original copy and the other is the Examined or Compared and Examined Copy. The eight White Precincts have each of the White Roll of Registered Voters in 1902. The eight Colored Precincts have each of the Colored Rolls of Register Voters in 1902.  The are two copies of the Rolls of Registered Voters for 1903. One is the original copy and the other is Recorded copy. The seven White Precincts have each of the White Roll of Registered Voters in 1903. Oldhams Precinct only has the Recorded volume.  Six of the Colored Precincts have each of the Colored Roll of Registered Voters in 1903.  The copies of the Roll of Registered Voters in Oldhams Precinct are missing. The two copies of the 1903 Roll of Registered Colored Voters at Warrensville Precincts do not have any names listed in them.\n","This collection contains the Roll of White Voters Registered at Colonial Beach Precinct, 1902-1936; Town Register written in a Roll of White Voters Registered at Colonial Beach Precinct, 1902-1950; List of White Voters Registered at Colonial Beach Precinct, January 1, 1904-1932; County Colored written in a Roll of Colored Voters Registered at Colonial Beach Precinct, 1929-1954; State (County) Register written in a List of White Voters Registered at Colonial Beach Precinct, 1902-1949; Roll of White Voters Registered at Colonial Beach Town, 1902-1954; and Roll of White Voters Registered at Colonial Beach Precinct, 10 October 1902-1918.  \n","This collection contains the Roll of White Voters Registered at Colonial Beach Precinct, 1902-1954; the Roll of Colored Voters Registered at the Town of Colonial Beach Precinct, 1929-1954: the List of Colored Voters Registered at Montross Precinct,1904-1928; and Roll of White Voters Registered at Colonial Beach Precinct, 1902-1932.  \n","This collection contains the Roll of Colored Voters Registered at Hague Precinct, 1902-1903. Included in the volume is a Certificate of Registration in the Permanent Roll of Voters in Kinsale Precinct, County Poll Book for Use in General Elections at Hague Precinct 22 September 1914, and a Poll Book and Certificate of Judges; List of Colored Voters Registered at Hague Precinct since January 1st 1904, 1908-1929; Roll of White Voters Registered at Hague Precinct, 1902-1903. Included in this volume is a County Poll Book for Use in Primary Elections DEMOCRATIC, 14 items in front of this book include letters, certificates, Poll Tax Information; How To Vote, copy of Chapter 413, an Act approved May 24, 1922, five Certificates of Registration, a booklet titled Supplement to Virginia Election Law, Primary Poll Book, Certificates of Judges, 1902-1903; List of White Voters Registered at Hague Precinct since January 1, 1904, 1905-1930, Certificate of Registration; Roll of Colored Voters Registered at Hague Precinct, 1902-1952, two Certificates of Registration; Roll of Colored Voters Registered at Hague Precinct, 1902-1952, two Certificates of Registration; Roll of White Voters Registered at Hague Precinct, 1902-1954, two letters, a postcard and fifty six Certificates of Registration; Roll of Colored Voters Registered at Oak Grove Precinct since January 1, 1904, 1930-1953; Roll of White Voters Registered at Oak Grove Precinct since January 1, 1904, 1902-1952, includes an \"Omitted Capitation Tax Assessed by Commission of Revenue\" receipt;  Roll of Colored Voters Registered at Warrensville Precinct, 1902; and Roll of White Voters Registered at Warrensville Precinct, 1902-1953.  \n","This collection has the Roll of White Voters Registered at Kinsale Precinct, 1902-1929; Roll of Colored Voters Registered at Kinsale Precinct, 1902-1929. Included in this book is a printed list of all person who had paid their Capitation Tax on or before the second day of May 1937 in Westmoreland County, Virginia, including the Town of Colonial Beach, There in According to Law, and eight pages for Montross District-White; Roll of Colored Voters Registered at Kinsale Precinct, 1902-1952; Roll of White Voters Registered at Kinsale Precinct, 1902-1954; List of White Voters Registered at Montross Precinct updated, 1889-1901. This register ask if the voter has been naturalized, the date of his papers, and by what court were they issued. Included in the book is the Application of Inez M. McGinness and Registration Oath 10 August 1927; List of White Voters Registered at Montross Precinct, 1904-1930. Included with this volume is Registration Oaths (Females) for three women on 1 August 1921 and one woman on 28 April 1930. Receipt of Registered Articles No. 87-89. Application for Registration at Montross Precinct for Lawrence S. Cooke for the Board of Supervisor, Westmoreland County Bill of E. C. Healy, Registrar. Application for Registration in Montross Precinct of Ernest C. Mozingo;  Roll of White Voters Registered at Montross Precinct, 1902-1914. Included in this volume is a request for an absentee ballot which was mailed July 25, 1923; Roll of Colored Voters Registered at Montross Precinct, 1902-1903;  Roll of White Voters Registered at Oldhams Precinct, 1902-1952; Roll of Colored Voters Registered at Oldhams Precinct, 1902-1953. Included with this volume is the County Poll Book Used In General Elections giving the Number and Name of Electors and Certificate of Judges, 4 June 1940. Also, a County Poll Book For Use In Primary Elections, DEMOCRATIC, 6 August 1935.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Storage Location\"\u003eState Records Center-Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["State Records Center-Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"corpname_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":8,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:55:17.474Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi04425","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04425","_root_":"vi_vi04425","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04425","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi04425.xml","title_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va) Election Records, \n1902-1954"],"title_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va) Election Records, \n1902-1954"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1042957, 1043042, 1101708, 1101719, 1101870, 1101872-1101874\n"],"text":["1042957, 1043042, 1101708, 1101719, 1101870, 1101872-1101874\n","Westmoreland County (Va) Election Records, \n1902-1954","Public records--Virginia--Westmoreland County.","Local government records--Virginia--Westmoreland County","There are no restrictions.\n","Westmoreland County was formed from Northumberland County in 1653, and part of King George was added later. \n","Additional Westmoreland County Court Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult  A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm","Westmoreland County (Va.) Election Records, 1902-1954 consist of individual items; and volumes of General Registration, List of Voters, and Rolls of Registered Voters.\n","This box contains individual election records. The records concern candidates, elections, primaries and an Oath of Office. \n","Generation Registration, 1902-1903. This volume has the following columns: Date of Registration, Number, Name, Date of Birth (year only), Age, Occupation, Residence, Length of Residence in State, County, in Precinct, Is He Exempt from Payment of Poll Tax as a Perquisite To Voting. If Naturalized, Date of Papers, By What Court Issued, If Transferred, When and To What Precinct.\n","This collection contains the Rolls of Voters Registered at Baynesville, Colonial Beach, Hague, Kinsale, Montross, Oldhams and Warrensville Precincts for 1902-1918.\n","There are two copies of the Rolls of Registered Voters for 1902. One copy is the original copy and the other is the Examined or Compared and Examined Copy. The eight White Precincts have each of the White Roll of Registered Voters in 1902. The eight Colored Precincts have each of the Colored Rolls of Register Voters in 1902.  The are two copies of the Rolls of Registered Voters for 1903. One is the original copy and the other is Recorded copy. The seven White Precincts have each of the White Roll of Registered Voters in 1903. Oldhams Precinct only has the Recorded volume.  Six of the Colored Precincts have each of the Colored Roll of Registered Voters in 1903.  The copies of the Roll of Registered Voters in Oldhams Precinct are missing. The two copies of the 1903 Roll of Registered Colored Voters at Warrensville Precincts do not have any names listed in them.\n","This collection contains the Roll of White Voters Registered at Colonial Beach Precinct, 1902-1936; Town Register written in a Roll of White Voters Registered at Colonial Beach Precinct, 1902-1950; List of White Voters Registered at Colonial Beach Precinct, January 1, 1904-1932; County Colored written in a Roll of Colored Voters Registered at Colonial Beach Precinct, 1929-1954; State (County) Register written in a List of White Voters Registered at Colonial Beach Precinct, 1902-1949; Roll of White Voters Registered at Colonial Beach Town, 1902-1954; and Roll of White Voters Registered at Colonial Beach Precinct, 10 October 1902-1918.  \n","This collection contains the Roll of White Voters Registered at Colonial Beach Precinct, 1902-1954; the Roll of Colored Voters Registered at the Town of Colonial Beach Precinct, 1929-1954: the List of Colored Voters Registered at Montross Precinct,1904-1928; and Roll of White Voters Registered at Colonial Beach Precinct, 1902-1932.  \n","This collection contains the Roll of Colored Voters Registered at Hague Precinct, 1902-1903. Included in the volume is a Certificate of Registration in the Permanent Roll of Voters in Kinsale Precinct, County Poll Book for Use in General Elections at Hague Precinct 22 September 1914, and a Poll Book and Certificate of Judges; List of Colored Voters Registered at Hague Precinct since January 1st 1904, 1908-1929; Roll of White Voters Registered at Hague Precinct, 1902-1903. Included in this volume is a County Poll Book for Use in Primary Elections DEMOCRATIC, 14 items in front of this book include letters, certificates, Poll Tax Information; How To Vote, copy of Chapter 413, an Act approved May 24, 1922, five Certificates of Registration, a booklet titled Supplement to Virginia Election Law, Primary Poll Book, Certificates of Judges, 1902-1903; List of White Voters Registered at Hague Precinct since January 1, 1904, 1905-1930, Certificate of Registration; Roll of Colored Voters Registered at Hague Precinct, 1902-1952, two Certificates of Registration; Roll of Colored Voters Registered at Hague Precinct, 1902-1952, two Certificates of Registration; Roll of White Voters Registered at Hague Precinct, 1902-1954, two letters, a postcard and fifty six Certificates of Registration; Roll of Colored Voters Registered at Oak Grove Precinct since January 1, 1904, 1930-1953; Roll of White Voters Registered at Oak Grove Precinct since January 1, 1904, 1902-1952, includes an \"Omitted Capitation Tax Assessed by Commission of Revenue\" receipt;  Roll of Colored Voters Registered at Warrensville Precinct, 1902; and Roll of White Voters Registered at Warrensville Precinct, 1902-1953.  \n","This collection has the Roll of White Voters Registered at Kinsale Precinct, 1902-1929; Roll of Colored Voters Registered at Kinsale Precinct, 1902-1929. Included in this book is a printed list of all person who had paid their Capitation Tax on or before the second day of May 1937 in Westmoreland County, Virginia, including the Town of Colonial Beach, There in According to Law, and eight pages for Montross District-White; Roll of Colored Voters Registered at Kinsale Precinct, 1902-1952; Roll of White Voters Registered at Kinsale Precinct, 1902-1954; List of White Voters Registered at Montross Precinct updated, 1889-1901. This register ask if the voter has been naturalized, the date of his papers, and by what court were they issued. Included in the book is the Application of Inez M. McGinness and Registration Oath 10 August 1927; List of White Voters Registered at Montross Precinct, 1904-1930. Included with this volume is Registration Oaths (Females) for three women on 1 August 1921 and one woman on 28 April 1930. Receipt of Registered Articles No. 87-89. Application for Registration at Montross Precinct for Lawrence S. Cooke for the Board of Supervisor, Westmoreland County Bill of E. C. Healy, Registrar. Application for Registration in Montross Precinct of Ernest C. Mozingo;  Roll of White Voters Registered at Montross Precinct, 1902-1914. Included in this volume is a request for an absentee ballot which was mailed July 25, 1923; Roll of Colored Voters Registered at Montross Precinct, 1902-1903;  Roll of White Voters Registered at Oldhams Precinct, 1902-1952; Roll of Colored Voters Registered at Oldhams Precinct, 1902-1953. Included with this volume is the County Poll Book Used In General Elections giving the Number and Name of Electors and Certificate of Judges, 4 June 1940. Also, a County Poll Book For Use In Primary Elections, DEMOCRATIC, 6 August 1935.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","State Records Center-Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n","Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court.","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1042957, 1043042, 1101708, 1101719, 1101870, 1101872-1101874\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va) Election Records, \n1902-1954"],"collection_title_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va) Election Records, \n1902-1954"],"collection_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va) Election Records, \n1902-1954"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These item came to the Library of Virginia in shipments of court papers from Westmoreland County (Va.). \n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Public records--Virginia--Westmoreland County.","Local government records--Virginia--Westmoreland County"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Public records--Virginia--Westmoreland County.","Local government records--Virginia--Westmoreland County"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 box and 94 volumes"],"extent_tesim":["1 box and 94 volumes"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County was formed from Northumberland County in 1653, and part of King George was added later. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Westmoreland County was formed from Northumberland County in 1653, and part of King George was added later. \n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va.) Election Records, 1902-1954. Local government records collection, Westmoreland County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Election Records, 1902-1954. Local government records collection, Westmoreland County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Westmoreland County Court Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/\"\u003eA Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\u003c/extref\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Westmoreland County Court Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult  A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va.) Election Records, 1902-1954 consist of individual items; and volumes of General Registration, List of Voters, and Rolls of Registered Voters.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis box contains individual election records. The records concern candidates, elections, primaries and an Oath of Office. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeneration Registration, 1902-1903. This volume has the following columns: Date of Registration, Number, Name, Date of Birth (year only), Age, Occupation, Residence, Length of Residence in State, County, in Precinct, Is He Exempt from Payment of Poll Tax as a Perquisite To Voting. If Naturalized, Date of Papers, By What Court Issued, If Transferred, When and To What Precinct.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the Rolls of Voters Registered at Baynesville, Colonial Beach, Hague, Kinsale, Montross, Oldhams and Warrensville Precincts for 1902-1918.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are two copies of the Rolls of Registered Voters for 1902. One copy is the original copy and the other is the Examined or Compared and Examined Copy. The eight White Precincts have each of the White Roll of Registered Voters in 1902. The eight Colored Precincts have each of the Colored Rolls of Register Voters in 1902.  The are two copies of the Rolls of Registered Voters for 1903. One is the original copy and the other is Recorded copy. The seven White Precincts have each of the White Roll of Registered Voters in 1903. Oldhams Precinct only has the Recorded volume.  Six of the Colored Precincts have each of the Colored Roll of Registered Voters in 1903.  The copies of the Roll of Registered Voters in Oldhams Precinct are missing. The two copies of the 1903 Roll of Registered Colored Voters at Warrensville Precincts do not have any names listed in them.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the Roll of White Voters Registered at Colonial Beach Precinct, 1902-1936; Town Register written in a Roll of White Voters Registered at Colonial Beach Precinct, 1902-1950; List of White Voters Registered at Colonial Beach Precinct, January 1, 1904-1932; County Colored written in a Roll of Colored Voters Registered at Colonial Beach Precinct, 1929-1954; State (County) Register written in a List of White Voters Registered at Colonial Beach Precinct, 1902-1949; Roll of White Voters Registered at Colonial Beach Town, 1902-1954; and Roll of White Voters Registered at Colonial Beach Precinct, 10 October 1902-1918.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the Roll of White Voters Registered at Colonial Beach Precinct, 1902-1954; the Roll of Colored Voters Registered at the Town of Colonial Beach Precinct, 1929-1954: the List of Colored Voters Registered at Montross Precinct,1904-1928; and Roll of White Voters Registered at Colonial Beach Precinct, 1902-1932.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the Roll of Colored Voters Registered at Hague Precinct, 1902-1903. Included in the volume is a Certificate of Registration in the Permanent Roll of Voters in Kinsale Precinct, County Poll Book for Use in General Elections at Hague Precinct 22 September 1914, and a Poll Book and Certificate of Judges; List of Colored Voters Registered at Hague Precinct since January 1st 1904, 1908-1929; Roll of White Voters Registered at Hague Precinct, 1902-1903. Included in this volume is a County Poll Book for Use in Primary Elections DEMOCRATIC, 14 items in front of this book include letters, certificates, Poll Tax Information; How To Vote, copy of Chapter 413, an Act approved May 24, 1922, five Certificates of Registration, a booklet titled Supplement to Virginia Election Law, Primary Poll Book, Certificates of Judges, 1902-1903; List of White Voters Registered at Hague Precinct since January 1, 1904, 1905-1930, Certificate of Registration; Roll of Colored Voters Registered at Hague Precinct, 1902-1952, two Certificates of Registration; Roll of Colored Voters Registered at Hague Precinct, 1902-1952, two Certificates of Registration; Roll of White Voters Registered at Hague Precinct, 1902-1954, two letters, a postcard and fifty six Certificates of Registration; Roll of Colored Voters Registered at Oak Grove Precinct since January 1, 1904, 1930-1953; Roll of White Voters Registered at Oak Grove Precinct since January 1, 1904, 1902-1952, includes an \"Omitted Capitation Tax Assessed by Commission of Revenue\" receipt;  Roll of Colored Voters Registered at Warrensville Precinct, 1902; and Roll of White Voters Registered at Warrensville Precinct, 1902-1953.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis collection has the Roll of White Voters Registered at Kinsale Precinct, 1902-1929; Roll of Colored Voters Registered at Kinsale Precinct, 1902-1929. Included in this book is a printed list of all person who had paid their Capitation Tax on or before the second day of May 1937 in Westmoreland County, Virginia, including the Town of Colonial Beach, There in According to Law, and eight pages for Montross District-White; Roll of Colored Voters Registered at Kinsale Precinct, 1902-1952; Roll of White Voters Registered at Kinsale Precinct, 1902-1954; List of White Voters Registered at Montross Precinct updated, 1889-1901. This register ask if the voter has been naturalized, the date of his papers, and by what court were they issued. Included in the book is the Application of Inez M. McGinness and Registration Oath 10 August 1927; List of White Voters Registered at Montross Precinct, 1904-1930. Included with this volume is Registration Oaths (Females) for three women on 1 August 1921 and one woman on 28 April 1930. Receipt of Registered Articles No. 87-89. Application for Registration at Montross Precinct for Lawrence S. Cooke for the Board of Supervisor, Westmoreland County Bill of E. C. Healy, Registrar. Application for Registration in Montross Precinct of Ernest C. Mozingo;  Roll of White Voters Registered at Montross Precinct, 1902-1914. Included in this volume is a request for an absentee ballot which was mailed July 25, 1923; Roll of Colored Voters Registered at Montross Precinct, 1902-1903;  Roll of White Voters Registered at Oldhams Precinct, 1902-1952; Roll of Colored Voters Registered at Oldhams Precinct, 1902-1953. Included with this volume is the County Poll Book Used In General Elections giving the Number and Name of Electors and Certificate of Judges, 4 June 1940. Also, a County Poll Book For Use In Primary Elections, DEMOCRATIC, 6 August 1935.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Election Records, 1902-1954 consist of individual items; and volumes of General Registration, List of Voters, and Rolls of Registered Voters.\n","This box contains individual election records. The records concern candidates, elections, primaries and an Oath of Office. \n","Generation Registration, 1902-1903. This volume has the following columns: Date of Registration, Number, Name, Date of Birth (year only), Age, Occupation, Residence, Length of Residence in State, County, in Precinct, Is He Exempt from Payment of Poll Tax as a Perquisite To Voting. If Naturalized, Date of Papers, By What Court Issued, If Transferred, When and To What Precinct.\n","This collection contains the Rolls of Voters Registered at Baynesville, Colonial Beach, Hague, Kinsale, Montross, Oldhams and Warrensville Precincts for 1902-1918.\n","There are two copies of the Rolls of Registered Voters for 1902. One copy is the original copy and the other is the Examined or Compared and Examined Copy. The eight White Precincts have each of the White Roll of Registered Voters in 1902. The eight Colored Precincts have each of the Colored Rolls of Register Voters in 1902.  The are two copies of the Rolls of Registered Voters for 1903. One is the original copy and the other is Recorded copy. The seven White Precincts have each of the White Roll of Registered Voters in 1903. Oldhams Precinct only has the Recorded volume.  Six of the Colored Precincts have each of the Colored Roll of Registered Voters in 1903.  The copies of the Roll of Registered Voters in Oldhams Precinct are missing. The two copies of the 1903 Roll of Registered Colored Voters at Warrensville Precincts do not have any names listed in them.\n","This collection contains the Roll of White Voters Registered at Colonial Beach Precinct, 1902-1936; Town Register written in a Roll of White Voters Registered at Colonial Beach Precinct, 1902-1950; List of White Voters Registered at Colonial Beach Precinct, January 1, 1904-1932; County Colored written in a Roll of Colored Voters Registered at Colonial Beach Precinct, 1929-1954; State (County) Register written in a List of White Voters Registered at Colonial Beach Precinct, 1902-1949; Roll of White Voters Registered at Colonial Beach Town, 1902-1954; and Roll of White Voters Registered at Colonial Beach Precinct, 10 October 1902-1918.  \n","This collection contains the Roll of White Voters Registered at Colonial Beach Precinct, 1902-1954; the Roll of Colored Voters Registered at the Town of Colonial Beach Precinct, 1929-1954: the List of Colored Voters Registered at Montross Precinct,1904-1928; and Roll of White Voters Registered at Colonial Beach Precinct, 1902-1932.  \n","This collection contains the Roll of Colored Voters Registered at Hague Precinct, 1902-1903. Included in the volume is a Certificate of Registration in the Permanent Roll of Voters in Kinsale Precinct, County Poll Book for Use in General Elections at Hague Precinct 22 September 1914, and a Poll Book and Certificate of Judges; List of Colored Voters Registered at Hague Precinct since January 1st 1904, 1908-1929; Roll of White Voters Registered at Hague Precinct, 1902-1903. Included in this volume is a County Poll Book for Use in Primary Elections DEMOCRATIC, 14 items in front of this book include letters, certificates, Poll Tax Information; How To Vote, copy of Chapter 413, an Act approved May 24, 1922, five Certificates of Registration, a booklet titled Supplement to Virginia Election Law, Primary Poll Book, Certificates of Judges, 1902-1903; List of White Voters Registered at Hague Precinct since January 1, 1904, 1905-1930, Certificate of Registration; Roll of Colored Voters Registered at Hague Precinct, 1902-1952, two Certificates of Registration; Roll of Colored Voters Registered at Hague Precinct, 1902-1952, two Certificates of Registration; Roll of White Voters Registered at Hague Precinct, 1902-1954, two letters, a postcard and fifty six Certificates of Registration; Roll of Colored Voters Registered at Oak Grove Precinct since January 1, 1904, 1930-1953; Roll of White Voters Registered at Oak Grove Precinct since January 1, 1904, 1902-1952, includes an \"Omitted Capitation Tax Assessed by Commission of Revenue\" receipt;  Roll of Colored Voters Registered at Warrensville Precinct, 1902; and Roll of White Voters Registered at Warrensville Precinct, 1902-1953.  \n","This collection has the Roll of White Voters Registered at Kinsale Precinct, 1902-1929; Roll of Colored Voters Registered at Kinsale Precinct, 1902-1929. Included in this book is a printed list of all person who had paid their Capitation Tax on or before the second day of May 1937 in Westmoreland County, Virginia, including the Town of Colonial Beach, There in According to Law, and eight pages for Montross District-White; Roll of Colored Voters Registered at Kinsale Precinct, 1902-1952; Roll of White Voters Registered at Kinsale Precinct, 1902-1954; List of White Voters Registered at Montross Precinct updated, 1889-1901. This register ask if the voter has been naturalized, the date of his papers, and by what court were they issued. Included in the book is the Application of Inez M. McGinness and Registration Oath 10 August 1927; List of White Voters Registered at Montross Precinct, 1904-1930. Included with this volume is Registration Oaths (Females) for three women on 1 August 1921 and one woman on 28 April 1930. Receipt of Registered Articles No. 87-89. Application for Registration at Montross Precinct for Lawrence S. Cooke for the Board of Supervisor, Westmoreland County Bill of E. C. Healy, Registrar. Application for Registration in Montross Precinct of Ernest C. Mozingo;  Roll of White Voters Registered at Montross Precinct, 1902-1914. Included in this volume is a request for an absentee ballot which was mailed July 25, 1923; Roll of Colored Voters Registered at Montross Precinct, 1902-1903;  Roll of White Voters Registered at Oldhams Precinct, 1902-1952; Roll of Colored Voters Registered at Oldhams Precinct, 1902-1953. Included with this volume is the County Poll Book Used In General Elections giving the Number and Name of Electors and Certificate of Judges, 4 June 1940. Also, a County Poll Book For Use In Primary Elections, DEMOCRATIC, 6 August 1935.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Storage Location\"\u003eState Records Center-Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["State Records Center-Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"corpname_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":8,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:55:17.474Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04425"}},{"id":"vi_vi04912","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Westmoreland County (Va.) Fiduciary Records, \n1700-1959","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04912#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04912#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va.) Fiduciary Records, 1700-1959, consist of 13 boxes of Inventories and Accounts, 1 box of mixed Fiduciary (Executors', Administrators', Committee and Guardians' bonds) and Bonds/Commissions/Oaths ( Officials' Bonds), 3 boxes of Executors', Administrators' and Guardians' Bonds, 2 boxes of Estate Sales, 2 Record Center boxes of Administrators' Bonds, 1 vol. of Administrators' and Executors' Bonds, 2 vols. of Records of Fiduciaries, 2 vols. of Guardians' Bonds and 1 box of UNPROCESSED Fiduciary Records (1786-1900s). \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04912#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi04912","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04912","_root_":"vi_vi04912","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04912","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi04912.xml","title_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Fiduciary Records, \n1700-1959"],"title_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Fiduciary Records, \n1700-1959"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1042833-1043285, 1101712-1101839, 1176622-1176631, 0007491149 CIrca\n"],"text":["1042833-1043285, 1101712-1101839, 1176622-1176631, 0007491149 CIrca\n","Westmoreland County (Va.) Fiduciary Records, \n1700-1959","Public records--Virginia--Westmoreland County.","Local government records--Virginia--Westmoreland County.","There are no restrictions.\n","This collection is arranged chronologically. One box (1176628) is Unprocessed. ","Westmoreland County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653. The county seat is Montross.\n","Many loose papers were burned during the Revolutionary War and the Civil War. Volumes that record deeds, court orders (except an order book for the period 1764-1776) and wills exist.","Additional Westomoreland County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult  A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.","Westmoreland County (Va.) is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Westmoreland County records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Digital Collection at the Library of Virginia. Search the   Lost Records Localities Digital Collection available at Virginia Memory.","Westmoreland County (Va.) Fiduciary Records, 1700-1959, consist of 13 boxes of Inventories and Accounts, 1 box of mixed Fiduciary (Executors', Administrators', Committee and Guardians' bonds) and Bonds/Commissions/Oaths ( Officials' Bonds), 3 boxes of Executors', Administrators' and Guardians' Bonds, 2 boxes of Estate Sales, 2 Record Center boxes of Administrators' Bonds, 1 vol. of Administrators' and Executors' Bonds, 2 vols. of Records of Fiduciaries, 2 vols. of Guardians' Bonds and 1 box of UNPROCESSED Fiduciary Records (1786-1900s).\n","There are no restrictions.\n","State Records Center--Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n","Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court.","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1042833-1043285, 1101712-1101839, 1176622-1176631, 0007491149 CIrca\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Fiduciary Records, \n1700-1959"],"collection_title_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Fiduciary Records, \n1700-1959"],"collection_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Fiduciary Records, \n1700-1959"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in shipments of court records from Westmoreland County. \n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Public records--Virginia--Westmoreland County.","Local government records--Virginia--Westmoreland County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Public records--Virginia--Westmoreland County.","Local government records--Virginia--Westmoreland County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["12.57 cu. ft., 5 boxes, and 5 vols."],"extent_tesim":["12.57 cu. ft., 5 boxes, and 5 vols."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged chronologically. One box (1176628) is Unprocessed. \u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged chronologically. One box (1176628) is Unprocessed. "],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653. The county seat is Montross.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMany loose papers were burned during the Revolutionary War and the Civil War. Volumes that record deeds, court orders (except an order book for the period 1764-1776) and wills exist.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Westmoreland County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653. The county seat is Montross.\n","Many loose papers were burned during the Revolutionary War and the Civil War. Volumes that record deeds, court orders (except an order book for the period 1764-1776) and wills exist."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va.) Fiduciary Records, 1700-1959. Local government records collection, Westmoreland County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Fiduciary Records, 1700-1959. Local government records collection, Westmoreland County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Westomoreland County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/\"\u003eA Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\u003c/extref\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va.) is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Westmoreland County records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Digital Collection at the Library of Virginia. Search the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/lost\"\u003e Lost Records Localities Digital Collection available at Virginia Memory.\u003c/extref\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n","Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Westomoreland County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult  A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.","Westmoreland County (Va.) is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Westmoreland County records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Digital Collection at the Library of Virginia. Search the   Lost Records Localities Digital Collection available at Virginia Memory."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va.) Fiduciary Records, 1700-1959, consist of 13 boxes of Inventories and Accounts, 1 box of mixed Fiduciary (Executors', Administrators', Committee and Guardians' bonds) and Bonds/Commissions/Oaths ( Officials' Bonds), 3 boxes of Executors', Administrators' and Guardians' Bonds, 2 boxes of Estate Sales, 2 Record Center boxes of Administrators' Bonds, 1 vol. of Administrators' and Executors' Bonds, 2 vols. of Records of Fiduciaries, 2 vols. of Guardians' Bonds and 1 box of UNPROCESSED Fiduciary Records (1786-1900s).\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Fiduciary Records, 1700-1959, consist of 13 boxes of Inventories and Accounts, 1 box of mixed Fiduciary (Executors', Administrators', Committee and Guardians' bonds) and Bonds/Commissions/Oaths ( Officials' Bonds), 3 boxes of Executors', Administrators' and Guardians' Bonds, 2 boxes of Estate Sales, 2 Record Center boxes of Administrators' Bonds, 1 vol. of Administrators' and Executors' Bonds, 2 vols. of Records of Fiduciaries, 2 vols. of Guardians' Bonds and 1 box of UNPROCESSED Fiduciary Records (1786-1900s).\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eState Records Center--Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["State Records Center--Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"corpname_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T09:42:11.810Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi04912","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04912","_root_":"vi_vi04912","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04912","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi04912.xml","title_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Fiduciary Records, \n1700-1959"],"title_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Fiduciary Records, \n1700-1959"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1042833-1043285, 1101712-1101839, 1176622-1176631, 0007491149 CIrca\n"],"text":["1042833-1043285, 1101712-1101839, 1176622-1176631, 0007491149 CIrca\n","Westmoreland County (Va.) Fiduciary Records, \n1700-1959","Public records--Virginia--Westmoreland County.","Local government records--Virginia--Westmoreland County.","There are no restrictions.\n","This collection is arranged chronologically. One box (1176628) is Unprocessed. ","Westmoreland County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653. The county seat is Montross.\n","Many loose papers were burned during the Revolutionary War and the Civil War. Volumes that record deeds, court orders (except an order book for the period 1764-1776) and wills exist.","Additional Westomoreland County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult  A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.","Westmoreland County (Va.) is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Westmoreland County records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Digital Collection at the Library of Virginia. Search the   Lost Records Localities Digital Collection available at Virginia Memory.","Westmoreland County (Va.) Fiduciary Records, 1700-1959, consist of 13 boxes of Inventories and Accounts, 1 box of mixed Fiduciary (Executors', Administrators', Committee and Guardians' bonds) and Bonds/Commissions/Oaths ( Officials' Bonds), 3 boxes of Executors', Administrators' and Guardians' Bonds, 2 boxes of Estate Sales, 2 Record Center boxes of Administrators' Bonds, 1 vol. of Administrators' and Executors' Bonds, 2 vols. of Records of Fiduciaries, 2 vols. of Guardians' Bonds and 1 box of UNPROCESSED Fiduciary Records (1786-1900s).\n","There are no restrictions.\n","State Records Center--Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n","Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court.","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1042833-1043285, 1101712-1101839, 1176622-1176631, 0007491149 CIrca\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Fiduciary Records, \n1700-1959"],"collection_title_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Fiduciary Records, \n1700-1959"],"collection_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Fiduciary Records, \n1700-1959"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in shipments of court records from Westmoreland County. \n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Public records--Virginia--Westmoreland County.","Local government records--Virginia--Westmoreland County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Public records--Virginia--Westmoreland County.","Local government records--Virginia--Westmoreland County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["12.57 cu. ft., 5 boxes, and 5 vols."],"extent_tesim":["12.57 cu. ft., 5 boxes, and 5 vols."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged chronologically. One box (1176628) is Unprocessed. \u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged chronologically. One box (1176628) is Unprocessed. "],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653. The county seat is Montross.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMany loose papers were burned during the Revolutionary War and the Civil War. Volumes that record deeds, court orders (except an order book for the period 1764-1776) and wills exist.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Westmoreland County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653. The county seat is Montross.\n","Many loose papers were burned during the Revolutionary War and the Civil War. Volumes that record deeds, court orders (except an order book for the period 1764-1776) and wills exist."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va.) Fiduciary Records, 1700-1959. Local government records collection, Westmoreland County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Fiduciary Records, 1700-1959. Local government records collection, Westmoreland County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Westomoreland County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/\"\u003eA Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\u003c/extref\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va.) is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Westmoreland County records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Digital Collection at the Library of Virginia. Search the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/lost\"\u003e Lost Records Localities Digital Collection available at Virginia Memory.\u003c/extref\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n","Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Westomoreland County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult  A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.","Westmoreland County (Va.) is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Westmoreland County records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Digital Collection at the Library of Virginia. Search the   Lost Records Localities Digital Collection available at Virginia Memory."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va.) Fiduciary Records, 1700-1959, consist of 13 boxes of Inventories and Accounts, 1 box of mixed Fiduciary (Executors', Administrators', Committee and Guardians' bonds) and Bonds/Commissions/Oaths ( Officials' Bonds), 3 boxes of Executors', Administrators' and Guardians' Bonds, 2 boxes of Estate Sales, 2 Record Center boxes of Administrators' Bonds, 1 vol. of Administrators' and Executors' Bonds, 2 vols. of Records of Fiduciaries, 2 vols. of Guardians' Bonds and 1 box of UNPROCESSED Fiduciary Records (1786-1900s).\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) 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The volume is divided by precincts: Baynesville, Colonial Beach, Hague, Kinsale, Montross, Oldhams, Oak Grove, and Warrensville; and within each precinct on the basis of color. Information found in the volumes includes date of registration; number of registered voter; name of registered voter; date of birth; age; occupation; residence; length of residence in state, county, and precinct; whether exempt from poll tax; if naturalized, and if so, date of papers and by what court issued; if transferred from another precinct, and if so, when and to what precinct. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02441#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi02441","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02441","_root_":"vi_vi02441","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02441","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi02441.xml","title_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) General Voter Registration Book, \n1902-1903"],"title_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) 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The purpose of the 1902 state constitution was to maintain white suffrage while eliminating African-American voters by means of literacy tests as well as property and poll tax requirements.\n","Westmoreland County (Va.) General Voter Registration Book, 1902-1903, records the roll of registered voters in Westmoreland County. The volume is divided by precincts: Baynesville, Colonial Beach, Hague, Kinsale, Montross, Oldhams, Oak Grove, and Warrensville; and within each precinct on the basis of color. Information found in the volumes includes date of registration; number of registered voter; name of registered voter; date of birth; age; occupation; residence; length of residence in state, county, and precinct; whether exempt from poll tax; if naturalized, and if so, date of papers and by what court issued; if transferred from another precinct, and if so, when and to what precinct.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","State Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n","Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1101719\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) General Voter Registration Book, \n1902-1903"],"collection_title_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) General Voter Registration Book, \n1902-1903"],"collection_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) General Voter Registration Book, \n1902-1903"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) 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It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653, and part of King George County was added in 1777.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe 1902 voter registration books were created following the passage of the 1902 Virginia state constitution. The purpose of the 1902 state constitution was to maintain white suffrage while eliminating African-American voters by means of literacy tests as well as property and poll tax requirements.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Westmoreland County was named for the English county.  It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653, and part of King George County was added in 1777.\n","The 1902 voter registration books were created following the passage of the 1902 Virginia state constitution. The purpose of the 1902 state constitution was to maintain white suffrage while eliminating African-American voters by means of literacy tests as well as property and poll tax requirements.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va.) General Voter Registration Book, 1902-1903. Local government records collection, Westmoreland County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) General Voter Registration Book, 1902-1903. Local government records collection, Westmoreland County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va.) General Voter Registration Book, 1902-1903, records the roll of registered voters in Westmoreland County. The volume is divided by precincts: Baynesville, Colonial Beach, Hague, Kinsale, Montross, Oldhams, Oak Grove, and Warrensville; and within each precinct on the basis of color. Information found in the volumes includes date of registration; number of registered voter; name of registered voter; date of birth; age; occupation; residence; length of residence in state, county, and precinct; whether exempt from poll tax; if naturalized, and if so, date of papers and by what court issued; if transferred from another precinct, and if so, when and to what precinct.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) General Voter Registration Book, 1902-1903, records the roll of registered voters in Westmoreland County. The volume is divided by precincts: Baynesville, Colonial Beach, Hague, Kinsale, Montross, Oldhams, Oak Grove, and Warrensville; and within each precinct on the basis of color. Information found in the volumes includes date of registration; number of registered voter; name of registered voter; date of birth; age; occupation; residence; length of residence in state, county, and precinct; whether exempt from poll tax; if naturalized, and if so, date of papers and by what court issued; if transferred from another precinct, and if so, when and to what precinct.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eState Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["State Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"corpname_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) 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It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653, and part of King George County was added in 1777.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe 1902 voter registration books were created following the passage of the 1902 Virginia state constitution. The purpose of the 1902 state constitution was to maintain white suffrage while eliminating African-American voters by means of literacy tests as well as property and poll tax requirements.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Westmoreland County was named for the English county.  It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653, and part of King George County was added in 1777.\n","The 1902 voter registration books were created following the passage of the 1902 Virginia state constitution. The purpose of the 1902 state constitution was to maintain white suffrage while eliminating African-American voters by means of literacy tests as well as property and poll tax requirements.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va.) General Voter Registration Book, 1902-1903. Local government records collection, Westmoreland County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) General Voter Registration Book, 1902-1903. Local government records collection, Westmoreland County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va.) General Voter Registration Book, 1902-1903, records the roll of registered voters in Westmoreland County. The volume is divided by precincts: Baynesville, Colonial Beach, Hague, Kinsale, Montross, Oldhams, Oak Grove, and Warrensville; and within each precinct on the basis of color. Information found in the volumes includes date of registration; number of registered voter; name of registered voter; date of birth; age; occupation; residence; length of residence in state, county, and precinct; whether exempt from poll tax; if naturalized, and if so, date of papers and by what court issued; if transferred from another precinct, and if so, when and to what precinct.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) General Voter Registration Book, 1902-1903, records the roll of registered voters in Westmoreland County. The volume is divided by precincts: Baynesville, Colonial Beach, Hague, Kinsale, Montross, Oldhams, Oak Grove, and Warrensville; and within each precinct on the basis of color. Information found in the volumes includes date of registration; number of registered voter; name of registered voter; date of birth; age; occupation; residence; length of residence in state, county, and precinct; whether exempt from poll tax; if naturalized, and if so, date of papers and by what court issued; if transferred from another precinct, and if so, when and to what precinct.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eState Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["State Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"corpname_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) 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Volumes that record deeds, court orders (except for an order book for the period 1764-1776), and wills exist.\n","See the  Lost Records Localities Digital Collection  available at Virginia Memory.\n","For more information and a listing of lost records localities see  Lost Records research note . \n","Westmoreland County (Va) Judgment John Norwood versus Administrator of Elizabeth Brinnon, 1808 Oct., was a civil suit in which the plaintiff sued for money owed by the defendant for providing Brinnon's servants and slaves meat, drink, washing, lodging, and board over a period of twenty years. The suit includes exhibits that record the names of slaves, year of birth, year of death, and family relationships.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","State Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n","Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1177225\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) 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It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653. The county seat is Montross.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMany loose papers were burned during both the Revolutionary War and the Civil War. Volumes that record deeds, court orders (except for an order book for the period 1764-1776), and wills exist.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Westmoreland County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653. The county seat is Montross.\n","Many loose papers were burned during both the Revolutionary War and the Civil War. Volumes that record deeds, court orders (except for an order book for the period 1764-1776), and wills exist.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va.) Judgment John Norwood versus Administrator of Elizabeth Brinnon, 1808 Oct. Local government records collection, Westmoreland County Court Records. 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The Library of Virginia, Richmond, VA 23219.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/lost\"\u003eLost Records Localities Digital Collection\u003c/extref\u003e available at Virginia Memory.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor more information and a listing of lost records localities see \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/guides/rn30_lostrecords.pdf\"\u003eLost Records research note\u003c/extref\u003e. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See the  Lost Records Localities Digital Collection  available at Virginia Memory.\n","For more information and a listing of lost records localities see  Lost Records research note . \n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va) Judgment John Norwood versus Administrator of Elizabeth Brinnon, 1808 Oct., was a civil suit in which the plaintiff sued for money owed by the defendant for providing Brinnon's servants and slaves meat, drink, washing, lodging, and board over a period of twenty years. 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The suit includes exhibits that record the names of slaves, year of birth, year of death, and family relationships.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eState Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["State Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"corpname_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) 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Judgment John Norwood versus Administrator of Elizabeth Brinnon,\n1808 Oct","African Americans--History","Slaveholders--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Slaves--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Women--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Civil suits--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Local government records--Virginia--Westmoreland County","1 folder","There are no restrictions.\n","Westmoreland County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653. The county seat is Montross.\n","Many loose papers were burned during both the Revolutionary War and the Civil War. Volumes that record deeds, court orders (except for an order book for the period 1764-1776), and wills exist.\n","See the  Lost Records Localities Digital Collection  available at Virginia Memory.\n","For more information and a listing of lost records localities see  Lost Records research note . \n","Westmoreland County (Va) Judgment John Norwood versus Administrator of Elizabeth Brinnon, 1808 Oct., was a civil suit in which the plaintiff sued for money owed by the defendant for providing Brinnon's servants and slaves meat, drink, washing, lodging, and board over a period of twenty years. The suit includes exhibits that record the names of slaves, year of birth, year of death, and family relationships.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","State Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n","Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1177225\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Judgment John Norwood versus Administrator of Elizabeth Brinnon,\n1808 Oct"],"collection_title_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Judgment John Norwood versus Administrator of Elizabeth Brinnon,\n1808 Oct"],"collection_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Judgment John Norwood versus Administrator of Elizabeth Brinnon,\n1808 Oct"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in shipments of court records from Westmoreland County.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans--History","Slaveholders--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Slaves--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Women--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Civil suits--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Local government records--Virginia--Westmoreland County"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans--History","Slaveholders--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Slaves--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Women--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Civil suits--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Local government records--Virginia--Westmoreland County"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["1 folder"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653. The county seat is Montross.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMany loose papers were burned during both the Revolutionary War and the Civil War. Volumes that record deeds, court orders (except for an order book for the period 1764-1776), and wills exist.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Westmoreland County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653. The county seat is Montross.\n","Many loose papers were burned during both the Revolutionary War and the Civil War. Volumes that record deeds, court orders (except for an order book for the period 1764-1776), and wills exist.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va.) Judgment John Norwood versus Administrator of Elizabeth Brinnon, 1808 Oct. Local government records collection, Westmoreland County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, VA 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Judgment John Norwood versus Administrator of Elizabeth Brinnon, 1808 Oct. Local government records collection, Westmoreland County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, VA 23219.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/lost\"\u003eLost Records Localities Digital Collection\u003c/extref\u003e available at Virginia Memory.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor more information and a listing of lost records localities see \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/guides/rn30_lostrecords.pdf\"\u003eLost Records research note\u003c/extref\u003e. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See the  Lost Records Localities Digital Collection  available at Virginia Memory.\n","For more information and a listing of lost records localities see  Lost Records research note . \n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va) Judgment John Norwood versus Administrator of Elizabeth Brinnon, 1808 Oct., was a civil suit in which the plaintiff sued for money owed by the defendant for providing Brinnon's servants and slaves meat, drink, washing, lodging, and board over a period of twenty years. The suit includes exhibits that record the names of slaves, year of birth, year of death, and family relationships.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va) Judgment John Norwood versus Administrator of Elizabeth Brinnon, 1808 Oct., was a civil suit in which the plaintiff sued for money owed by the defendant for providing Brinnon's servants and slaves meat, drink, washing, lodging, and board over a period of twenty years. The suit includes exhibits that record the names of slaves, year of birth, year of death, and family relationships.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eState Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["State Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"corpname_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T08:48:17.912Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03645"}},{"id":"vi_vi03650","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Westmoreland County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), \n1810-1858","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03650#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03650#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), 1810-1858, consist of suits initiated by slaves seeking to gain their freedom on the law side of the court. Cases are identified by style of suit consisting of plaintiff and defendant names. Surnames of others involved in a suit, including secondary plaintiffs and defendants, witnesses, deponents and affiants, and family members with surnames different from the plaintiff or defendant are indexed. Also identified are names of slaves and slaveowners found in suit as well as whether slave(s) won their freedom. Predominant documents found in freedom suits include petitions, records of suits, depositions, affidavits, wills, among other items. Information found in documents include slave's argument for freedom, acquisition of slaves by slaveowners, slave ancestry, and relationship between slaves and slaveowners. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03650#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi03650","ead_ssi":"vi_vi03650","_root_":"vi_vi03650","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi03650","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi03650.xml","title_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), \n1810-1858"],"title_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), \n1810-1858"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["0007423868\n"],"text":["0007423868\n","Westmoreland County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), \n1810-1858","African Americans -- Virginia.","Free African Americans -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Slaveholders -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Slavery -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Civil actions -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Freedom suits -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Judicial records -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Local government records -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Petitions -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Wills -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.",".35 cu. ft. (1 box)","There are no restrictions.\n","Arranged chronologically.\n","Slaves sued for emancipation in freedom suits based on the following: they were descendant(s) of a free female ancestor, typically a Native American (Hening Statutes, volume 2, p.170); failure of slaveowner(s) to abide by the 1778 slave nonimportation act (Henings Statutes, volume 9, pp. 471-472); or claimed to have been freed by slaveowner(s) by deed of emancipation or last will and testament (Henings Statutes volume 11, pp. 39-40)\n","Westmoreland County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653. The county seat is Montross.\n","Additional Westmoreland County Court Records are found at the Library of Virginia.\n","Additional Westmoreland County Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia.  Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Additional freedom suits may be found in the Westmoreland County Chancery Causes. Search the  the Chancery Records Index  found on the Library of Virginia web site. Enter the tilde symbol in the plaintiff surname field.\n","Westmoreland County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), 1810-1858, consist of suits initiated by slaves seeking to gain their freedom on the law side of the court. Cases are identified by style of suit consisting of plaintiff and defendant names. Surnames of others involved in a suit, including secondary plaintiffs and defendants, witnesses, deponents and affiants, and family members with surnames different from the plaintiff or defendant are indexed. Also identified are names of slaves and slaveowners found in suit as well as whether slave(s) won their freedom. Predominant documents found in freedom suits include petitions, records of suits, depositions, affidavits, wills, among other items. Information found in documents include slave's argument for freedom, acquisition of slaves by slaveowners, slave ancestry, and relationship between slaves and slaveowners.\n","Judgments (Freedom Suits) are useful when researching local history and genealogical information, particularly for African Americans. They are a valuable source of local, state, social, and legal history and serve as a primary source for understanding a locality's history.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","Library of Virginia\n","Westmoreland County (Va.). Circuit Court.","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["0007423868\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), \n1810-1858"],"collection_title_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), \n1810-1858"],"collection_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), \n1810-1858"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in transfers of court papers from Westmoreland County.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- Virginia.","Free African Americans -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Slaveholders -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Slavery -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Civil actions -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Freedom suits -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Judicial records -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Local government records -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Petitions -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Wills -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- Virginia.","Free African Americans -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Slaveholders -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Slavery -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Civil actions -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Freedom suits -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Judicial records -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Local government records -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Petitions -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Wills -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":[".35 cu. ft. (1 box)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged chronologically.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged chronologically.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSlaves sued for emancipation in freedom suits based on the following: they were descendant(s) of a free female ancestor, typically a Native American (Hening Statutes, volume 2, p.170); failure of slaveowner(s) to abide by the 1778 slave nonimportation act (Henings Statutes, volume 9, pp. 471-472); or claimed to have been freed by slaveowner(s) by deed of emancipation or last will and testament (Henings Statutes volume 11, pp. 39-40)\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653. The county seat is Montross.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Slaves sued for emancipation in freedom suits based on the following: they were descendant(s) of a free female ancestor, typically a Native American (Hening Statutes, volume 2, p.170); failure of slaveowner(s) to abide by the 1778 slave nonimportation act (Henings Statutes, volume 9, pp. 471-472); or claimed to have been freed by slaveowner(s) by deed of emancipation or last will and testament (Henings Statutes volume 11, pp. 39-40)\n","Westmoreland County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653. The county seat is Montross.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), 1810-1858. Local government records collection, Westmoreland County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), 1810-1858. Local government records collection, Westmoreland County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia 23219.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Westmoreland County Court Records are found at the Library of Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional Westmoreland County Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia.  Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA291\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional freedom suits may be found in the Westmoreland County Chancery Causes. Search the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.lib.va.us/whatwehave/local/chancery/index.htm\"\u003ethe Chancery Records Index\u003c/extref\u003e found on the Library of Virginia web site. Enter the tilde symbol in the plaintiff surname field.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Westmoreland County Court Records are found at the Library of Virginia.\n","Additional Westmoreland County Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia.  Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Additional freedom suits may be found in the Westmoreland County Chancery Causes. Search the  the Chancery Records Index  found on the Library of Virginia web site. Enter the tilde symbol in the plaintiff surname field.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), 1810-1858, consist of suits initiated by slaves seeking to gain their freedom on the law side of the court. Cases are identified by style of suit consisting of plaintiff and defendant names. Surnames of others involved in a suit, including secondary plaintiffs and defendants, witnesses, deponents and affiants, and family members with surnames different from the plaintiff or defendant are indexed. Also identified are names of slaves and slaveowners found in suit as well as whether slave(s) won their freedom. Predominant documents found in freedom suits include petitions, records of suits, depositions, affidavits, wills, among other items. Information found in documents include slave's argument for freedom, acquisition of slaves by slaveowners, slave ancestry, and relationship between slaves and slaveowners.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJudgments (Freedom Suits) are useful when researching local history and genealogical information, particularly for African Americans. 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Information found in documents include slave's argument for freedom, acquisition of slaves by slaveowners, slave ancestry, and relationship between slaves and slaveowners.\n","Judgments (Freedom Suits) are useful when researching local history and genealogical information, particularly for African Americans. They are a valuable source of local, state, social, and legal history and serve as a primary source for understanding a locality's history.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.). Circuit Court."],"corpname_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.). Circuit Court."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":5,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T09:08:19.334Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi03650","ead_ssi":"vi_vi03650","_root_":"vi_vi03650","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi03650","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi03650.xml","title_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), \n1810-1858"],"title_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), \n1810-1858"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["0007423868\n"],"text":["0007423868\n","Westmoreland County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), \n1810-1858","African Americans -- Virginia.","Free African Americans -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Slaveholders -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Slavery -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Civil actions -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Freedom suits -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Judicial records -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Local government records -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Petitions -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Wills -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.",".35 cu. ft. (1 box)","There are no restrictions.\n","Arranged chronologically.\n","Slaves sued for emancipation in freedom suits based on the following: they were descendant(s) of a free female ancestor, typically a Native American (Hening Statutes, volume 2, p.170); failure of slaveowner(s) to abide by the 1778 slave nonimportation act (Henings Statutes, volume 9, pp. 471-472); or claimed to have been freed by slaveowner(s) by deed of emancipation or last will and testament (Henings Statutes volume 11, pp. 39-40)\n","Westmoreland County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653. The county seat is Montross.\n","Additional Westmoreland County Court Records are found at the Library of Virginia.\n","Additional Westmoreland County Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia.  Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Additional freedom suits may be found in the Westmoreland County Chancery Causes. Search the  the Chancery Records Index  found on the Library of Virginia web site. Enter the tilde symbol in the plaintiff surname field.\n","Westmoreland County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), 1810-1858, consist of suits initiated by slaves seeking to gain their freedom on the law side of the court. Cases are identified by style of suit consisting of plaintiff and defendant names. Surnames of others involved in a suit, including secondary plaintiffs and defendants, witnesses, deponents and affiants, and family members with surnames different from the plaintiff or defendant are indexed. Also identified are names of slaves and slaveowners found in suit as well as whether slave(s) won their freedom. Predominant documents found in freedom suits include petitions, records of suits, depositions, affidavits, wills, among other items. Information found in documents include slave's argument for freedom, acquisition of slaves by slaveowners, slave ancestry, and relationship between slaves and slaveowners.\n","Judgments (Freedom Suits) are useful when researching local history and genealogical information, particularly for African Americans. They are a valuable source of local, state, social, and legal history and serve as a primary source for understanding a locality's history.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","Library of Virginia\n","Westmoreland County (Va.). Circuit Court.","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["0007423868\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), \n1810-1858"],"collection_title_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), \n1810-1858"],"collection_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), \n1810-1858"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) 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Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in transfers of court papers from Westmoreland County.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- Virginia.","Free African Americans -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Slaveholders -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Slavery -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Civil actions -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Freedom suits -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Judicial records -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Local government records -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Petitions -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Wills -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- Virginia.","Free African Americans -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Slaveholders -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Slavery -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Civil actions -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Freedom suits -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Judicial records -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Local government records -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Petitions -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Wills -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":[".35 cu. ft. (1 box)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged chronologically.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged chronologically.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSlaves sued for emancipation in freedom suits based on the following: they were descendant(s) of a free female ancestor, typically a Native American (Hening Statutes, volume 2, p.170); failure of slaveowner(s) to abide by the 1778 slave nonimportation act (Henings Statutes, volume 9, pp. 471-472); or claimed to have been freed by slaveowner(s) by deed of emancipation or last will and testament (Henings Statutes volume 11, pp. 39-40)\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653. The county seat is Montross.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Slaves sued for emancipation in freedom suits based on the following: they were descendant(s) of a free female ancestor, typically a Native American (Hening Statutes, volume 2, p.170); failure of slaveowner(s) to abide by the 1778 slave nonimportation act (Henings Statutes, volume 9, pp. 471-472); or claimed to have been freed by slaveowner(s) by deed of emancipation or last will and testament (Henings Statutes volume 11, pp. 39-40)\n","Westmoreland County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653. The county seat is Montross.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), 1810-1858. Local government records collection, Westmoreland County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), 1810-1858. Local government records collection, Westmoreland County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia 23219.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Westmoreland County Court Records are found at the Library of Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional Westmoreland County Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia.  Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA291\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional freedom suits may be found in the Westmoreland County Chancery Causes. Search the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.lib.va.us/whatwehave/local/chancery/index.htm\"\u003ethe Chancery Records Index\u003c/extref\u003e found on the Library of Virginia web site. Enter the tilde symbol in the plaintiff surname field.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Westmoreland County Court Records are found at the Library of Virginia.\n","Additional Westmoreland County Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia.  Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Additional freedom suits may be found in the Westmoreland County Chancery Causes. Search the  the Chancery Records Index  found on the Library of Virginia web site. Enter the tilde symbol in the plaintiff surname field.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), 1810-1858, consist of suits initiated by slaves seeking to gain their freedom on the law side of the court. Cases are identified by style of suit consisting of plaintiff and defendant names. Surnames of others involved in a suit, including secondary plaintiffs and defendants, witnesses, deponents and affiants, and family members with surnames different from the plaintiff or defendant are indexed. Also identified are names of slaves and slaveowners found in suit as well as whether slave(s) won their freedom. Predominant documents found in freedom suits include petitions, records of suits, depositions, affidavits, wills, among other items. Information found in documents include slave's argument for freedom, acquisition of slaves by slaveowners, slave ancestry, and relationship between slaves and slaveowners.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJudgments (Freedom Suits) are useful when researching local history and genealogical information, particularly for African Americans. They are a valuable source of local, state, social, and legal history and serve as a primary source for understanding a locality's history.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), 1810-1858, consist of suits initiated by slaves seeking to gain their freedom on the law side of the court. Cases are identified by style of suit consisting of plaintiff and defendant names. Surnames of others involved in a suit, including secondary plaintiffs and defendants, witnesses, deponents and affiants, and family members with surnames different from the plaintiff or defendant are indexed. Also identified are names of slaves and slaveowners found in suit as well as whether slave(s) won their freedom. Predominant documents found in freedom suits include petitions, records of suits, depositions, affidavits, wills, among other items. Information found in documents include slave's argument for freedom, acquisition of slaves by slaveowners, slave ancestry, and relationship between slaves and slaveowners.\n","Judgments (Freedom Suits) are useful when researching local history and genealogical information, particularly for African Americans. They are a valuable source of local, state, social, and legal history and serve as a primary source for understanding a locality's history.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.). Circuit Court."],"corpname_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.). 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