{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Thomas+Balch+Library%0A","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Thomas+Balch+Library%0A\u0026page=1"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":3,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"viletbl_viletbl00112","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Family Bible Records\nca. 1750-ca. 1970","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viletbl_viletbl00112#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Thomas Balch Library\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viletbl_viletbl00112#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Family Bible Records are photocopies of pages from family Bibles donated to Thomas Balch Library by patrons since 1993. Bibles from which they were copied date back to the eighteenth century. ","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viletbl_viletbl00112#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viletbl_viletbl00112","ead_ssi":"viletbl_viletbl00112","_root_":"viletbl_viletbl00112","_nest_parent_":"viletbl_viletbl00112","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/tbl/viletbl00112.xml","title_ssm":["Family Bible Records\nca. 1750-ca. 1970"],"title_tesim":["Family Bible Records\nca. 1750-ca. 1970"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 050\n"],"text":["M 050\n","Family Bible Records\nca. 1750-ca. 1970","Collection open for research .\n","include 2000.0012X, 2004.0019, 2004.0022, 2004.0041, 2004.0042, 2005.0047, 2005.0051, 2006.0178, 2006.0189, 2007.0160, 2008.0127, 2008.0159, 2009.0072, 2009.0198, 2009.0227 \n","None\n","Family Bible Records, ca. 1750-ca. 1970 (M 050), Thomas Balch Library, Leesburg, VA.\n","Prior to local governments' requirements to maintain official vital statistics record, family Bibles were used to record births, deaths, marriage and baptisms.  Because Bible records fill a gap in the official documentary record, they continue to be of great use to genealogists and historians.\n","None\n","Formerly shelved in eight uncatalogued notebooks.  This is an open collection.\n","DAR Bible Records (M 051), Family Files\n","The Family Bible Records are photocopies of pages from family Bibles donated to Thomas Balch Library by patrons since 1993.  Bibles from which they were copied date back to the eighteenth century.  Pages are arranged in the order in which they were received.  An index identifies primary and secondary surnames.\n","No physical characteristics affect use of this material.\n","The Family Bible Records are photocopies of pages from family Bibles donated to Thomas Balch Library by patrons since 1993.  Bibles from which they were copied date back to the eighteenth century.\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["M 050\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Family Bible Records\nca. 1750-ca. 1970"],"collection_title_tesim":["Family Bible Records\nca. 1750-ca. 1970"],"collection_ssim":["Family Bible Records\nca. 1750-ca. 1970"],"repository_ssm":["Thomas Balch Library"],"repository_ssim":["Thomas Balch Library"],"creator_ssm":["Thomas Balch Library\n"],"creator_ssim":["Thomas Balch Library\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Multiple sources\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection open for research .\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection open for research .\n"],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003einclude 2000.0012X, 2004.0019, 2004.0022, 2004.0041, 2004.0042, 2005.0047, 2005.0051, 2006.0178, 2006.0189, 2007.0160, 2008.0127, 2008.0159, 2009.0072, 2009.0198, 2009.0227 \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals\n"],"accruals_tesim":["include 2000.0012X, 2004.0019, 2004.0022, 2004.0041, 2004.0042, 2005.0047, 2005.0051, 2006.0178, 2006.0189, 2007.0160, 2008.0127, 2008.0159, 2009.0072, 2009.0198, 2009.0227 \n"],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNone\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternative Form Available\n"],"altformavail_tesim":["None\n"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eFamily Bible Records, ca. 1750-ca. 1970 (M 050), Thomas Balch Library, Leesburg, VA.\n\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography\n"],"bibliography_tesim":["Family Bible Records, ca. 1750-ca. 1970 (M 050), Thomas Balch Library, Leesburg, VA.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePrior to local governments' requirements to maintain official vital statistics record, family Bibles were used to record births, deaths, marriage and baptisms.  Because Bible records fill a gap in the official documentary record, they continue to be of great use to genealogists and historians.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Prior to local governments' requirements to maintain official vital statistics record, family Bibles were used to record births, deaths, marriage and baptisms.  Because Bible records fill a gap in the official documentary record, they continue to be of great use to genealogists and historians.\n"],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFamily Bible Records Index\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Other Finding Aid\n"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["Family Bible Records Index\n"],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNone\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Technical Requirements\n"],"phystech_tesim":["None\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFamily Bible Records, ca. 1750-ca. 1970 (M 050), Thomas Balch Library, Leesburg, VA..\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Family Bible Records, ca. 1750-ca. 1970 (M 050), Thomas Balch Library, Leesburg, VA..\n"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFormerly shelved in eight uncatalogued notebooks.  This is an open collection.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information\n"],"processinfo_tesim":["Formerly shelved in eight uncatalogued notebooks.  This is an open collection.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDAR Bible Records (M 051), Family Files\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["DAR Bible Records (M 051), Family Files\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Family Bible Records are photocopies of pages from family Bibles donated to Thomas Balch Library by patrons since 1993.  Bibles from which they were copied date back to the eighteenth century.  Pages are arranged in the order in which they were received.  An index identifies primary and secondary surnames.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Family Bible Records are photocopies of pages from family Bibles donated to Thomas Balch Library by patrons since 1993.  Bibles from which they were copied date back to the eighteenth century.  Pages are arranged in the order in which they were received.  An index identifies primary and secondary surnames.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo physical characteristics affect use of this material.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["No physical characteristics affect use of this material.\n"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Family Bible Records are photocopies of pages from family Bibles donated to Thomas Balch Library by patrons since 1993.  Bibles from which they were copied date back to the eighteenth century.\n\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Family Bible Records are photocopies of pages from family Bibles donated to Thomas Balch Library by patrons since 1993.  Bibles from which they were copied date back to the eighteenth century.\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":19,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T16:43:06.102Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viletbl_viletbl00112","ead_ssi":"viletbl_viletbl00112","_root_":"viletbl_viletbl00112","_nest_parent_":"viletbl_viletbl00112","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/tbl/viletbl00112.xml","title_ssm":["Family Bible Records\nca. 1750-ca. 1970"],"title_tesim":["Family Bible Records\nca. 1750-ca. 1970"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 050\n"],"text":["M 050\n","Family Bible Records\nca. 1750-ca. 1970","Collection open for research .\n","include 2000.0012X, 2004.0019, 2004.0022, 2004.0041, 2004.0042, 2005.0047, 2005.0051, 2006.0178, 2006.0189, 2007.0160, 2008.0127, 2008.0159, 2009.0072, 2009.0198, 2009.0227 \n","None\n","Family Bible Records, ca. 1750-ca. 1970 (M 050), Thomas Balch Library, Leesburg, VA.\n","Prior to local governments' requirements to maintain official vital statistics record, family Bibles were used to record births, deaths, marriage and baptisms.  Because Bible records fill a gap in the official documentary record, they continue to be of great use to genealogists and historians.\n","None\n","Formerly shelved in eight uncatalogued notebooks.  This is an open collection.\n","DAR Bible Records (M 051), Family Files\n","The Family Bible Records are photocopies of pages from family Bibles donated to Thomas Balch Library by patrons since 1993.  Bibles from which they were copied date back to the eighteenth century.  Pages are arranged in the order in which they were received.  An index identifies primary and secondary surnames.\n","No physical characteristics affect use of this material.\n","The Family Bible Records are photocopies of pages from family Bibles donated to Thomas Balch Library by patrons since 1993.  Bibles from which they were copied date back to the eighteenth century.\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["M 050\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Family Bible Records\nca. 1750-ca. 1970"],"collection_title_tesim":["Family Bible Records\nca. 1750-ca. 1970"],"collection_ssim":["Family Bible Records\nca. 1750-ca. 1970"],"repository_ssm":["Thomas Balch Library"],"repository_ssim":["Thomas Balch Library"],"creator_ssm":["Thomas Balch Library\n"],"creator_ssim":["Thomas Balch Library\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Multiple sources\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection open for research .\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection open for research .\n"],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003einclude 2000.0012X, 2004.0019, 2004.0022, 2004.0041, 2004.0042, 2005.0047, 2005.0051, 2006.0178, 2006.0189, 2007.0160, 2008.0127, 2008.0159, 2009.0072, 2009.0198, 2009.0227 \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals\n"],"accruals_tesim":["include 2000.0012X, 2004.0019, 2004.0022, 2004.0041, 2004.0042, 2005.0047, 2005.0051, 2006.0178, 2006.0189, 2007.0160, 2008.0127, 2008.0159, 2009.0072, 2009.0198, 2009.0227 \n"],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNone\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternative Form Available\n"],"altformavail_tesim":["None\n"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eFamily Bible Records, ca. 1750-ca. 1970 (M 050), Thomas Balch Library, Leesburg, VA.\n\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography\n"],"bibliography_tesim":["Family Bible Records, ca. 1750-ca. 1970 (M 050), Thomas Balch Library, Leesburg, VA.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePrior to local governments' requirements to maintain official vital statistics record, family Bibles were used to record births, deaths, marriage and baptisms.  Because Bible records fill a gap in the official documentary record, they continue to be of great use to genealogists and historians.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Prior to local governments' requirements to maintain official vital statistics record, family Bibles were used to record births, deaths, marriage and baptisms.  Because Bible records fill a gap in the official documentary record, they continue to be of great use to genealogists and historians.\n"],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFamily Bible Records Index\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Other Finding Aid\n"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["Family Bible Records Index\n"],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNone\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Technical Requirements\n"],"phystech_tesim":["None\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFamily Bible Records, ca. 1750-ca. 1970 (M 050), Thomas Balch Library, Leesburg, VA..\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Family Bible Records, ca. 1750-ca. 1970 (M 050), Thomas Balch Library, Leesburg, VA..\n"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFormerly shelved in eight uncatalogued notebooks.  This is an open collection.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information\n"],"processinfo_tesim":["Formerly shelved in eight uncatalogued notebooks.  This is an open collection.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDAR Bible Records (M 051), Family Files\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["DAR Bible Records (M 051), Family Files\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Family Bible Records are photocopies of pages from family Bibles donated to Thomas Balch Library by patrons since 1993.  Bibles from which they were copied date back to the eighteenth century.  Pages are arranged in the order in which they were received.  An index identifies primary and secondary surnames.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Family Bible Records are photocopies of pages from family Bibles donated to Thomas Balch Library by patrons since 1993.  Bibles from which they were copied date back to the eighteenth century.  Pages are arranged in the order in which they were received.  An index identifies primary and secondary surnames.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo physical characteristics affect use of this material.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["No physical characteristics affect use of this material.\n"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Family Bible Records are photocopies of pages from family Bibles donated to Thomas Balch Library by patrons since 1993.  Bibles from which they were copied date back to the eighteenth century.\n\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Family Bible Records are photocopies of pages from family Bibles donated to Thomas Balch Library by patrons since 1993.  Bibles from which they were copied date back to the eighteenth century.\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":19,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T16:43:06.102Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viletbl_viletbl00112"}},{"id":"viletbl_viletbl00014","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Historical Postcards\n1900-1980","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viletbl_viletbl00014#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Thomas Balch Library\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viletbl_viletbl00014#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The primary subject matter of the postcards is scenes from around Loudoun County, although there are images from surrounding Virginia counties and several cards related to Harpers Ferry, West Virginia. Buildings, images of nature, and well-known streets figure prominently. Leesburg is the location most covered, including many images of Market Street, King Street, and the Loudoun County Courthouse. ","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viletbl_viletbl00014#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viletbl_viletbl00014","ead_ssi":"viletbl_viletbl00014","_root_":"viletbl_viletbl00014","_nest_parent_":"viletbl_viletbl00014","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/tbl/viletbl00014.xml","title_ssm":["Historical Postcards\n1900-1980"],"title_tesim":["Historical Postcards\n1900-1980"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["VC 0004\n"],"text":["VC 0004\n","Historical Postcards\n1900-1980",".15 cu. ft.","Collection open for research.\n","1988.0001, 1991.0002, 1995.0039X, 2013.0098, 2013.0169\n","Digital reproductions\n","Geographic","0100 Ashburn 0200 Ashby's Gap 0300 Berryville 0400 Bluemont 0500 Charles Town, WV 0600 Dulles 0700 Elvan 0800 Georgetown 0900 Hamilton 1000 Harpers Ferry, WV 1100 Hillsboro 1200 Lexington 1300 Lincoln 1400 Luray 1500 Natural Bridge 1600 Paeonian Springs 1700 Purcellville 1800 Red Hill 1900 Round Hill 2000 Ryan 2100 Shenandoah Valley \u0026 National Park 2200 Staunton 2300 Waterford 2400 Historic memorabilia 2500 Portraits 2600 Lucketts 2700 Middleburg 3000 Leesburg","American Postcard Art.Com Inc.: About Postcards by Phil Neigh.","Emotions Greeting Cards/VH Productions:  The History of Postcards by Vivian Krug , 2003.  http://www.emotionscards.com/museum/historyofpostcards.htm (accessed 1 Aug 2007)","Hemsath, DiAnna.   Postcards: Penn College Girls.  Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Archives, 2006. http://www.archives.upenn.edu/memorabilia/postcards/collegegirls.html (accessed 1 August 2007)","Lisa's Postcard Page:  A Brief History of Postcard Types  by Stefano Neis. http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/Meadows/2487/pchistory.htm (accessed 1 August 2007)","Postcards as Face to Face:  A Brief History of the Postcard  by Chien-chun Tsao, 1998. http://www.post-card.net/history.html (accessed 1 August 2007)","Postcards developed out of the complex tradition of nineteenth-century printed calling cards, beginning with the advent of the  Cartes-de-Visite  in France.  In the 1850s, Parisian photographer Andre Adolphe Eugene Disderi invented a photographic process involving egg white, albumen, and silver nitrate to create inexpensive portraits on paper cards.  These photographic  Cartes-de-Visites  were 2 1/2 by 4 inches and became a popular, collectable form of \"visiting cards\" world-wide.  Photographers would reprint portraits of famous individuals they had taken at their studios or during travel and sell them as collectable cards.  Public figures such as European royalty, military generals, doctors, and businessmen would pose for  Cartes-de-Visite  portraits that were used as trading cards, business cards, and advertisements.  During the American Civil War such cards were taxed, with revenue stamps affixed to the back.  ","Postcards as we know them now first began in 1861 as cards mailed by private post, invented by American John P. Charlton of Philadelphia with the patent later transferred to Philadelphian H. L. Lipman.  Prussian postman Heinrich von Stephan advocated government-issued postcards in 1865.  In 1869 the first government-created postal cards were printed in Hungary and the first cards for private post were printed in Austria.  In the 1870s picture postcards grew in popularity throughout the United States, Britain, Europe, and Japan.  China created regulations for postcards in 1896 and began printing them in 1898.","In 1873 the United States Government began to issue the only postal cards legal in the U.S., of plain card stock with no artistic design on the front.  On 19 May 1898, Congress passed the Private Mailing Act, which allowed the mailing of privately printed post cards marked \"Private Mailing Card.\"  Only this designation, the address, and the stamp were permitted on the back; any message had to be written over the artwork which publishers printed on the front of the card.  The Act also reduced the postage rate for the cards from the two cent letter rate to one cent.  Beginning on 24 December 1901, relaxed regulations authorized private printers in the United States to drop \"Private Mailing Card\" in favor of \"Post Card\" or \"Postcard.\"  ","During the \"Undivided Back\" period printers began to leave white space on the front of the card where the sender could write a message without spoiling the artwork (see VC 0004_3000).  Cards were first permitted to have a \"Divided Back,\" with text written on the left half of a dividing line and the address on the right half, beginning in England in 1902.  France switched to a divided back in 1904, Germany in 1905, and the United States on 1 March 1907 (VC 0004_3025).","Around 1900 the first postcards made of \"Real Photos\" rather than artwork began to circulate, aided in by advances in amateur photography equipment by companies such as Kodak.  Kodak also introduced postcard paper for photographic development and photography studios began to offer portraits printed as postcards (see VC 0004_2504).  Many local town, countryside, and architectural images were captured during this period by local photographers, then printed and sold as postcards (see VC 0004_1708).","The loosening of government regulation, lowered costs, and advances in amateur photography all contributed to a postcard craze that lasted from 1900 to the First World War.  Postcards were the preferred means to send a quick note, whether across town or across a continent.  U.S. postal records for fiscal year 1907-1908 indicate over 677 million postcards mailed.","German printers' fine artwork and superior processes allowed Germany to dominate the market until the outbreak of war in 1914 (see VC 0004_3017).  European printers opened offices in the United States and postcard artists moved to Germany.  When war halted the flow of high-quality German cards, English and American producers attempted to fill market demand.  Their processes, however, resulted in cards of inferior quality. From the War to 1930 cards were printed with a white border around the edge to bring down high printing costs by saving ink (see VC 0004_3038).  Lower quality contributed to the demise of postcard mania.","Although new linen paper processes in the 1930s resulted in better quality, more brightly colored card art (see VC 0004_3037), the postcard industry continued to decline.  After 1939, new Photochromes, color photo postcards, began to replace both linen and black and white photo postcards (see VC 0004_0200).  By the end of World War II these \"Chromes\" had completely replaced other card forms.  The widely available telephone replaced the postcard for sending short messages and postcards became largely confined to the realm of souvenirs (see VC 0004_0600). Though postcards continue to be produced, they would never regain the enormous popularity of the early twentieth century.  ","Processed by Emily E. Holmes, 27 July 2007.","The majority of the approximately 170 postcards in the collection fall between 1901 and World War I and are Undivided Back or early Divided Back cards.  The bulk of the remaining postcards fall between World War I and the end of World War II, including several examples of linen paper cards.  The remaining postcards are Photochrome cards from the 1970s or 80s.","The primary subject matter of the postcards is scenes from around Loudoun County, although there are images from surrounding Virginia counties and several cards related to Harpers Ferry, West Virginia.  Buildings, images of nature, and well-known streets figure prominently.  Leesburg is the location most covered, including many images of Market Street, King Street, and the Loudoun County Courthouse.","No physical characteristics affect use of this material.\n","The primary subject matter of the postcards is scenes from around Loudoun County, although there are images from surrounding Virginia counties and several cards related to Harpers Ferry, West Virginia.  Buildings, images of nature, and well-known streets figure prominently.  Leesburg is the location most covered, including many images of Market Street, King Street, and the Loudoun County Courthouse.\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["VC 0004\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Historical Postcards\n1900-1980"],"collection_title_tesim":["Historical Postcards\n1900-1980"],"collection_ssim":["Historical Postcards\n1900-1980"],"repository_ssm":["Thomas Balch Library"],"repository_ssim":["Thomas Balch Library"],"creator_ssm":["Thomas Balch Library\n"],"creator_ssim":["Thomas Balch Library\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Ethel Littlejohn Adams, Leesburg, VA; Emory Plaster, Leesburg, VA; unknown.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":[".15 cu. ft."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection open for research.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection open for research.\n"],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e1988.0001, 1991.0002, 1995.0039X, 2013.0098, 2013.0169\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals\n"],"accruals_tesim":["1988.0001, 1991.0002, 1995.0039X, 2013.0098, 2013.0169\n"],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDigital reproductions\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternative Form Available\n"],"altformavail_tesim":["Digital reproductions\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeographic\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e0100 Ashburn\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e0200 Ashby's Gap\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e0300 Berryville\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e0400 Bluemont\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e0500 Charles Town, WV\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e0600 Dulles\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e0700 Elvan\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e0800 Georgetown\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e0900 Hamilton\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e1000 Harpers Ferry, WV\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e1100 Hillsboro\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e1200 Lexington\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e1300 Lincoln\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e1400 Luray\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e1500 Natural Bridge\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e1600 Paeonian Springs\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e1700 Purcellville\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e1800 Red Hill\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e1900 Round Hill\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e2000 Ryan\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e2100 Shenandoah Valley \u0026amp; National Park\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e2200 Staunton\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e2300 Waterford\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e2400 Historic memorabilia\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e2500 Portraits\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e2600 Lucketts\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e2700 Middleburg\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e3000 Leesburg\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Geographic","0100 Ashburn 0200 Ashby's Gap 0300 Berryville 0400 Bluemont 0500 Charles Town, WV 0600 Dulles 0700 Elvan 0800 Georgetown 0900 Hamilton 1000 Harpers Ferry, WV 1100 Hillsboro 1200 Lexington 1300 Lincoln 1400 Luray 1500 Natural Bridge 1600 Paeonian Springs 1700 Purcellville 1800 Red Hill 1900 Round Hill 2000 Ryan 2100 Shenandoah Valley \u0026 National Park 2200 Staunton 2300 Waterford 2400 Historic memorabilia 2500 Portraits 2600 Lucketts 2700 Middleburg 3000 Leesburg"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\n          \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eAmerican Postcard Art.Com Inc.: About Postcards by Phil Neigh.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n        \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n          \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eEmotions Greeting Cards/VH Productions: \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe History of Postcards by Vivian Krug\u003c/title\u003e, 2003.  http://www.emotionscards.com/museum/historyofpostcards.htm (accessed 1 Aug 2007)\u003c/bibref\u003e\n        \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n          \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eHemsath, DiAnna.  \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003ePostcards: Penn College Girls.\u003c/title\u003e Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Archives, 2006. http://www.archives.upenn.edu/memorabilia/postcards/collegegirls.html (accessed 1 August 2007)\u003c/bibref\u003e\n        \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n          \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eLisa's Postcard Page: \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eA Brief History of Postcard Types\u003c/title\u003e by Stefano Neis. http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/Meadows/2487/pchistory.htm (accessed 1 August 2007)\u003c/bibref\u003e\n        \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n          \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003ePostcards as Face to Face: \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eA Brief History of the Postcard\u003c/title\u003e by Chien-chun Tsao, 1998. http://www.post-card.net/history.html (accessed 1 August 2007)\u003c/bibref\u003e\n        \u003c/p\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography\n"],"bibliography_tesim":["American Postcard Art.Com Inc.: About Postcards by Phil Neigh.","Emotions Greeting Cards/VH Productions:  The History of Postcards by Vivian Krug , 2003.  http://www.emotionscards.com/museum/historyofpostcards.htm (accessed 1 Aug 2007)","Hemsath, DiAnna.   Postcards: Penn College Girls.  Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Archives, 2006. http://www.archives.upenn.edu/memorabilia/postcards/collegegirls.html (accessed 1 August 2007)","Lisa's Postcard Page:  A Brief History of Postcard Types  by Stefano Neis. http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/Meadows/2487/pchistory.htm (accessed 1 August 2007)","Postcards as Face to Face:  A Brief History of the Postcard  by Chien-chun Tsao, 1998. http://www.post-card.net/history.html (accessed 1 August 2007)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePostcards developed out of the complex tradition of nineteenth-century printed calling cards, beginning with the advent of the \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eCartes-de-Visite\u003c/title\u003e in France.  In the 1850s, Parisian photographer Andre Adolphe Eugene Disderi invented a photographic process involving egg white, albumen, and silver nitrate to create inexpensive portraits on paper cards.  These photographic \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eCartes-de-Visites\u003c/title\u003e were 2 1/2 by 4 inches and became a popular, collectable form of \"visiting cards\" world-wide.  Photographers would reprint portraits of famous individuals they had taken at their studios or during travel and sell them as collectable cards.  Public figures such as European royalty, military generals, doctors, and businessmen would pose for \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eCartes-de-Visite\u003c/title\u003e portraits that were used as trading cards, business cards, and advertisements.  During the American Civil War such cards were taxed, with revenue stamps affixed to the back.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePostcards as we know them now first began in 1861 as cards mailed by private post, invented by American John P. Charlton of Philadelphia with the patent later transferred to Philadelphian H. L. Lipman.  Prussian postman Heinrich von Stephan advocated government-issued postcards in 1865.  In 1869 the first government-created postal cards were printed in Hungary and the first cards for private post were printed in Austria.  In the 1870s picture postcards grew in popularity throughout the United States, Britain, Europe, and Japan.  China created regulations for postcards in 1896 and began printing them in 1898.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1873 the United States Government began to issue the only postal cards legal in the U.S., of plain card stock with no artistic design on the front.  On 19 May 1898, Congress passed the Private Mailing Act, which allowed the mailing of privately printed post cards marked \"Private Mailing Card.\"  Only this designation, the address, and the stamp were permitted on the back; any message had to be written over the artwork which publishers printed on the front of the card.  The Act also reduced the postage rate for the cards from the two cent letter rate to one cent.  Beginning on 24 December 1901, relaxed regulations authorized private printers in the United States to drop \"Private Mailing Card\" in favor of \"Post Card\" or \"Postcard.\"  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the \"Undivided Back\" period printers began to leave white space on the front of the card where the sender could write a message without spoiling the artwork (see VC 0004_3000).  Cards were first permitted to have a \"Divided Back,\" with text written on the left half of a dividing line and the address on the right half, beginning in England in 1902.  France switched to a divided back in 1904, Germany in 1905, and the United States on 1 March 1907 (VC 0004_3025).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAround 1900 the first postcards made of \"Real Photos\" rather than artwork began to circulate, aided in by advances in amateur photography equipment by companies such as Kodak.  Kodak also introduced postcard paper for photographic development and photography studios began to offer portraits printed as postcards (see VC 0004_2504).  Many local town, countryside, and architectural images were captured during this period by local photographers, then printed and sold as postcards (see VC 0004_1708).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe loosening of government regulation, lowered costs, and advances in amateur photography all contributed to a postcard craze that lasted from 1900 to the First World War.  Postcards were the preferred means to send a quick note, whether across town or across a continent.  U.S. postal records for fiscal year 1907-1908 indicate over 677 million postcards mailed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGerman printers' fine artwork and superior processes allowed Germany to dominate the market until the outbreak of war in 1914 (see VC 0004_3017).  European printers opened offices in the United States and postcard artists moved to Germany.  When war halted the flow of high-quality German cards, English and American producers attempted to fill market demand.  Their processes, however, resulted in cards of inferior quality. From the War to 1930 cards were printed with a white border around the edge to bring down high printing costs by saving ink (see VC 0004_3038).  Lower quality contributed to the demise of postcard mania.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlthough new linen paper processes in the 1930s resulted in better quality, more brightly colored card art (see VC 0004_3037), the postcard industry continued to decline.  After 1939, new Photochromes, color photo postcards, began to replace both linen and black and white photo postcards (see VC 0004_0200).  By the end of World War II these \"Chromes\" had completely replaced other card forms.  The widely available telephone replaced the postcard for sending short messages and postcards became largely confined to the realm of souvenirs (see VC 0004_0600). Though postcards continue to be produced, they would never regain the enormous popularity of the early twentieth century.  \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Postcards developed out of the complex tradition of nineteenth-century printed calling cards, beginning with the advent of the  Cartes-de-Visite  in France.  In the 1850s, Parisian photographer Andre Adolphe Eugene Disderi invented a photographic process involving egg white, albumen, and silver nitrate to create inexpensive portraits on paper cards.  These photographic  Cartes-de-Visites  were 2 1/2 by 4 inches and became a popular, collectable form of \"visiting cards\" world-wide.  Photographers would reprint portraits of famous individuals they had taken at their studios or during travel and sell them as collectable cards.  Public figures such as European royalty, military generals, doctors, and businessmen would pose for  Cartes-de-Visite  portraits that were used as trading cards, business cards, and advertisements.  During the American Civil War such cards were taxed, with revenue stamps affixed to the back.  ","Postcards as we know them now first began in 1861 as cards mailed by private post, invented by American John P. Charlton of Philadelphia with the patent later transferred to Philadelphian H. L. Lipman.  Prussian postman Heinrich von Stephan advocated government-issued postcards in 1865.  In 1869 the first government-created postal cards were printed in Hungary and the first cards for private post were printed in Austria.  In the 1870s picture postcards grew in popularity throughout the United States, Britain, Europe, and Japan.  China created regulations for postcards in 1896 and began printing them in 1898.","In 1873 the United States Government began to issue the only postal cards legal in the U.S., of plain card stock with no artistic design on the front.  On 19 May 1898, Congress passed the Private Mailing Act, which allowed the mailing of privately printed post cards marked \"Private Mailing Card.\"  Only this designation, the address, and the stamp were permitted on the back; any message had to be written over the artwork which publishers printed on the front of the card.  The Act also reduced the postage rate for the cards from the two cent letter rate to one cent.  Beginning on 24 December 1901, relaxed regulations authorized private printers in the United States to drop \"Private Mailing Card\" in favor of \"Post Card\" or \"Postcard.\"  ","During the \"Undivided Back\" period printers began to leave white space on the front of the card where the sender could write a message without spoiling the artwork (see VC 0004_3000).  Cards were first permitted to have a \"Divided Back,\" with text written on the left half of a dividing line and the address on the right half, beginning in England in 1902.  France switched to a divided back in 1904, Germany in 1905, and the United States on 1 March 1907 (VC 0004_3025).","Around 1900 the first postcards made of \"Real Photos\" rather than artwork began to circulate, aided in by advances in amateur photography equipment by companies such as Kodak.  Kodak also introduced postcard paper for photographic development and photography studios began to offer portraits printed as postcards (see VC 0004_2504).  Many local town, countryside, and architectural images were captured during this period by local photographers, then printed and sold as postcards (see VC 0004_1708).","The loosening of government regulation, lowered costs, and advances in amateur photography all contributed to a postcard craze that lasted from 1900 to the First World War.  Postcards were the preferred means to send a quick note, whether across town or across a continent.  U.S. postal records for fiscal year 1907-1908 indicate over 677 million postcards mailed.","German printers' fine artwork and superior processes allowed Germany to dominate the market until the outbreak of war in 1914 (see VC 0004_3017).  European printers opened offices in the United States and postcard artists moved to Germany.  When war halted the flow of high-quality German cards, English and American producers attempted to fill market demand.  Their processes, however, resulted in cards of inferior quality. From the War to 1930 cards were printed with a white border around the edge to bring down high printing costs by saving ink (see VC 0004_3038).  Lower quality contributed to the demise of postcard mania.","Although new linen paper processes in the 1930s resulted in better quality, more brightly colored card art (see VC 0004_3037), the postcard industry continued to decline.  After 1939, new Photochromes, color photo postcards, began to replace both linen and black and white photo postcards (see VC 0004_0200).  By the end of World War II these \"Chromes\" had completely replaced other card forms.  The widely available telephone replaced the postcard for sending short messages and postcards became largely confined to the realm of souvenirs (see VC 0004_0600). Though postcards continue to be produced, they would never regain the enormous popularity of the early twentieth century.  "],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNone\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Other Finding Aid\n"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["None\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHistorical Postcards, 1900-1980 (VC 004), Thomas Balch Library, Leesburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Historical Postcards, 1900-1980 (VC 004), Thomas Balch Library, Leesburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Emily E. Holmes, 27 July 2007.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information\n"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Emily E. Holmes, 27 July 2007."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe majority of the approximately 170 postcards in the collection fall between 1901 and World War I and are Undivided Back or early Divided Back cards.  The bulk of the remaining postcards fall between World War I and the end of World War II, including several examples of linen paper cards.  The remaining postcards are Photochrome cards from the 1970s or 80s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe primary subject matter of the postcards is scenes from around Loudoun County, although there are images from surrounding Virginia counties and several cards related to Harpers Ferry, West Virginia.  Buildings, images of nature, and well-known streets figure prominently.  Leesburg is the location most covered, including many images of Market Street, King Street, and the Loudoun County Courthouse.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The majority of the approximately 170 postcards in the collection fall between 1901 and World War I and are Undivided Back or early Divided Back cards.  The bulk of the remaining postcards fall between World War I and the end of World War II, including several examples of linen paper cards.  The remaining postcards are Photochrome cards from the 1970s or 80s.","The primary subject matter of the postcards is scenes from around Loudoun County, although there are images from surrounding Virginia counties and several cards related to Harpers Ferry, West Virginia.  Buildings, images of nature, and well-known streets figure prominently.  Leesburg is the location most covered, including many images of Market Street, King Street, and the Loudoun County Courthouse."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo physical characteristics affect use of this material.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["No physical characteristics affect use of this material.\n"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe primary subject matter of the postcards is scenes from around Loudoun County, although there are images from surrounding Virginia counties and several cards related to Harpers Ferry, West Virginia.  Buildings, images of nature, and well-known streets figure prominently.  Leesburg is the location most covered, including many images of Market Street, King Street, and the Loudoun County Courthouse.\n\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The primary subject matter of the postcards is scenes from around Loudoun County, although there are images from surrounding Virginia counties and several cards related to Harpers Ferry, West Virginia.  Buildings, images of nature, and well-known streets figure prominently.  Leesburg is the location most covered, including many images of Market Street, King Street, and the Loudoun County Courthouse.\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":199,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T16:39:32.748Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viletbl_viletbl00014","ead_ssi":"viletbl_viletbl00014","_root_":"viletbl_viletbl00014","_nest_parent_":"viletbl_viletbl00014","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/tbl/viletbl00014.xml","title_ssm":["Historical Postcards\n1900-1980"],"title_tesim":["Historical Postcards\n1900-1980"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["VC 0004\n"],"text":["VC 0004\n","Historical Postcards\n1900-1980",".15 cu. ft.","Collection open for research.\n","1988.0001, 1991.0002, 1995.0039X, 2013.0098, 2013.0169\n","Digital reproductions\n","Geographic","0100 Ashburn 0200 Ashby's Gap 0300 Berryville 0400 Bluemont 0500 Charles Town, WV 0600 Dulles 0700 Elvan 0800 Georgetown 0900 Hamilton 1000 Harpers Ferry, WV 1100 Hillsboro 1200 Lexington 1300 Lincoln 1400 Luray 1500 Natural Bridge 1600 Paeonian Springs 1700 Purcellville 1800 Red Hill 1900 Round Hill 2000 Ryan 2100 Shenandoah Valley \u0026 National Park 2200 Staunton 2300 Waterford 2400 Historic memorabilia 2500 Portraits 2600 Lucketts 2700 Middleburg 3000 Leesburg","American Postcard Art.Com Inc.: About Postcards by Phil Neigh.","Emotions Greeting Cards/VH Productions:  The History of Postcards by Vivian Krug , 2003.  http://www.emotionscards.com/museum/historyofpostcards.htm (accessed 1 Aug 2007)","Hemsath, DiAnna.   Postcards: Penn College Girls.  Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Archives, 2006. http://www.archives.upenn.edu/memorabilia/postcards/collegegirls.html (accessed 1 August 2007)","Lisa's Postcard Page:  A Brief History of Postcard Types  by Stefano Neis. http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/Meadows/2487/pchistory.htm (accessed 1 August 2007)","Postcards as Face to Face:  A Brief History of the Postcard  by Chien-chun Tsao, 1998. http://www.post-card.net/history.html (accessed 1 August 2007)","Postcards developed out of the complex tradition of nineteenth-century printed calling cards, beginning with the advent of the  Cartes-de-Visite  in France.  In the 1850s, Parisian photographer Andre Adolphe Eugene Disderi invented a photographic process involving egg white, albumen, and silver nitrate to create inexpensive portraits on paper cards.  These photographic  Cartes-de-Visites  were 2 1/2 by 4 inches and became a popular, collectable form of \"visiting cards\" world-wide.  Photographers would reprint portraits of famous individuals they had taken at their studios or during travel and sell them as collectable cards.  Public figures such as European royalty, military generals, doctors, and businessmen would pose for  Cartes-de-Visite  portraits that were used as trading cards, business cards, and advertisements.  During the American Civil War such cards were taxed, with revenue stamps affixed to the back.  ","Postcards as we know them now first began in 1861 as cards mailed by private post, invented by American John P. Charlton of Philadelphia with the patent later transferred to Philadelphian H. L. Lipman.  Prussian postman Heinrich von Stephan advocated government-issued postcards in 1865.  In 1869 the first government-created postal cards were printed in Hungary and the first cards for private post were printed in Austria.  In the 1870s picture postcards grew in popularity throughout the United States, Britain, Europe, and Japan.  China created regulations for postcards in 1896 and began printing them in 1898.","In 1873 the United States Government began to issue the only postal cards legal in the U.S., of plain card stock with no artistic design on the front.  On 19 May 1898, Congress passed the Private Mailing Act, which allowed the mailing of privately printed post cards marked \"Private Mailing Card.\"  Only this designation, the address, and the stamp were permitted on the back; any message had to be written over the artwork which publishers printed on the front of the card.  The Act also reduced the postage rate for the cards from the two cent letter rate to one cent.  Beginning on 24 December 1901, relaxed regulations authorized private printers in the United States to drop \"Private Mailing Card\" in favor of \"Post Card\" or \"Postcard.\"  ","During the \"Undivided Back\" period printers began to leave white space on the front of the card where the sender could write a message without spoiling the artwork (see VC 0004_3000).  Cards were first permitted to have a \"Divided Back,\" with text written on the left half of a dividing line and the address on the right half, beginning in England in 1902.  France switched to a divided back in 1904, Germany in 1905, and the United States on 1 March 1907 (VC 0004_3025).","Around 1900 the first postcards made of \"Real Photos\" rather than artwork began to circulate, aided in by advances in amateur photography equipment by companies such as Kodak.  Kodak also introduced postcard paper for photographic development and photography studios began to offer portraits printed as postcards (see VC 0004_2504).  Many local town, countryside, and architectural images were captured during this period by local photographers, then printed and sold as postcards (see VC 0004_1708).","The loosening of government regulation, lowered costs, and advances in amateur photography all contributed to a postcard craze that lasted from 1900 to the First World War.  Postcards were the preferred means to send a quick note, whether across town or across a continent.  U.S. postal records for fiscal year 1907-1908 indicate over 677 million postcards mailed.","German printers' fine artwork and superior processes allowed Germany to dominate the market until the outbreak of war in 1914 (see VC 0004_3017).  European printers opened offices in the United States and postcard artists moved to Germany.  When war halted the flow of high-quality German cards, English and American producers attempted to fill market demand.  Their processes, however, resulted in cards of inferior quality. From the War to 1930 cards were printed with a white border around the edge to bring down high printing costs by saving ink (see VC 0004_3038).  Lower quality contributed to the demise of postcard mania.","Although new linen paper processes in the 1930s resulted in better quality, more brightly colored card art (see VC 0004_3037), the postcard industry continued to decline.  After 1939, new Photochromes, color photo postcards, began to replace both linen and black and white photo postcards (see VC 0004_0200).  By the end of World War II these \"Chromes\" had completely replaced other card forms.  The widely available telephone replaced the postcard for sending short messages and postcards became largely confined to the realm of souvenirs (see VC 0004_0600). Though postcards continue to be produced, they would never regain the enormous popularity of the early twentieth century.  ","Processed by Emily E. Holmes, 27 July 2007.","The majority of the approximately 170 postcards in the collection fall between 1901 and World War I and are Undivided Back or early Divided Back cards.  The bulk of the remaining postcards fall between World War I and the end of World War II, including several examples of linen paper cards.  The remaining postcards are Photochrome cards from the 1970s or 80s.","The primary subject matter of the postcards is scenes from around Loudoun County, although there are images from surrounding Virginia counties and several cards related to Harpers Ferry, West Virginia.  Buildings, images of nature, and well-known streets figure prominently.  Leesburg is the location most covered, including many images of Market Street, King Street, and the Loudoun County Courthouse.","No physical characteristics affect use of this material.\n","The primary subject matter of the postcards is scenes from around Loudoun County, although there are images from surrounding Virginia counties and several cards related to Harpers Ferry, West Virginia.  Buildings, images of nature, and well-known streets figure prominently.  Leesburg is the location most covered, including many images of Market Street, King Street, and the Loudoun County Courthouse.\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["VC 0004\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Historical Postcards\n1900-1980"],"collection_title_tesim":["Historical Postcards\n1900-1980"],"collection_ssim":["Historical Postcards\n1900-1980"],"repository_ssm":["Thomas Balch Library"],"repository_ssim":["Thomas Balch Library"],"creator_ssm":["Thomas Balch Library\n"],"creator_ssim":["Thomas Balch Library\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Ethel Littlejohn Adams, Leesburg, VA; Emory Plaster, Leesburg, VA; unknown.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":[".15 cu. ft."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection open for research.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection open for research.\n"],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e1988.0001, 1991.0002, 1995.0039X, 2013.0098, 2013.0169\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals\n"],"accruals_tesim":["1988.0001, 1991.0002, 1995.0039X, 2013.0098, 2013.0169\n"],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDigital reproductions\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternative Form Available\n"],"altformavail_tesim":["Digital reproductions\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeographic\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e0100 Ashburn\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e0200 Ashby's Gap\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e0300 Berryville\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e0400 Bluemont\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e0500 Charles Town, WV\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e0600 Dulles\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e0700 Elvan\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e0800 Georgetown\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e0900 Hamilton\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e1000 Harpers Ferry, WV\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e1100 Hillsboro\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e1200 Lexington\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e1300 Lincoln\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e1400 Luray\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e1500 Natural Bridge\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e1600 Paeonian Springs\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e1700 Purcellville\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e1800 Red Hill\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e1900 Round Hill\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e2000 Ryan\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e2100 Shenandoah Valley \u0026amp; National Park\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e2200 Staunton\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e2300 Waterford\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e2400 Historic memorabilia\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e2500 Portraits\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e2600 Lucketts\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e2700 Middleburg\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e3000 Leesburg\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Geographic","0100 Ashburn 0200 Ashby's Gap 0300 Berryville 0400 Bluemont 0500 Charles Town, WV 0600 Dulles 0700 Elvan 0800 Georgetown 0900 Hamilton 1000 Harpers Ferry, WV 1100 Hillsboro 1200 Lexington 1300 Lincoln 1400 Luray 1500 Natural Bridge 1600 Paeonian Springs 1700 Purcellville 1800 Red Hill 1900 Round Hill 2000 Ryan 2100 Shenandoah Valley \u0026 National Park 2200 Staunton 2300 Waterford 2400 Historic memorabilia 2500 Portraits 2600 Lucketts 2700 Middleburg 3000 Leesburg"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\n          \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eAmerican Postcard Art.Com Inc.: About Postcards by Phil Neigh.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n        \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n          \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eEmotions Greeting Cards/VH Productions: \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe History of Postcards by Vivian Krug\u003c/title\u003e, 2003.  http://www.emotionscards.com/museum/historyofpostcards.htm (accessed 1 Aug 2007)\u003c/bibref\u003e\n        \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n          \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eHemsath, DiAnna.  \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003ePostcards: Penn College Girls.\u003c/title\u003e Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Archives, 2006. http://www.archives.upenn.edu/memorabilia/postcards/collegegirls.html (accessed 1 August 2007)\u003c/bibref\u003e\n        \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n          \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eLisa's Postcard Page: \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eA Brief History of Postcard Types\u003c/title\u003e by Stefano Neis. http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/Meadows/2487/pchistory.htm (accessed 1 August 2007)\u003c/bibref\u003e\n        \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n          \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003ePostcards as Face to Face: \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eA Brief History of the Postcard\u003c/title\u003e by Chien-chun Tsao, 1998. http://www.post-card.net/history.html (accessed 1 August 2007)\u003c/bibref\u003e\n        \u003c/p\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography\n"],"bibliography_tesim":["American Postcard Art.Com Inc.: About Postcards by Phil Neigh.","Emotions Greeting Cards/VH Productions:  The History of Postcards by Vivian Krug , 2003.  http://www.emotionscards.com/museum/historyofpostcards.htm (accessed 1 Aug 2007)","Hemsath, DiAnna.   Postcards: Penn College Girls.  Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Archives, 2006. http://www.archives.upenn.edu/memorabilia/postcards/collegegirls.html (accessed 1 August 2007)","Lisa's Postcard Page:  A Brief History of Postcard Types  by Stefano Neis. http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/Meadows/2487/pchistory.htm (accessed 1 August 2007)","Postcards as Face to Face:  A Brief History of the Postcard  by Chien-chun Tsao, 1998. http://www.post-card.net/history.html (accessed 1 August 2007)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePostcards developed out of the complex tradition of nineteenth-century printed calling cards, beginning with the advent of the \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eCartes-de-Visite\u003c/title\u003e in France.  In the 1850s, Parisian photographer Andre Adolphe Eugene Disderi invented a photographic process involving egg white, albumen, and silver nitrate to create inexpensive portraits on paper cards.  These photographic \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eCartes-de-Visites\u003c/title\u003e were 2 1/2 by 4 inches and became a popular, collectable form of \"visiting cards\" world-wide.  Photographers would reprint portraits of famous individuals they had taken at their studios or during travel and sell them as collectable cards.  Public figures such as European royalty, military generals, doctors, and businessmen would pose for \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eCartes-de-Visite\u003c/title\u003e portraits that were used as trading cards, business cards, and advertisements.  During the American Civil War such cards were taxed, with revenue stamps affixed to the back.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePostcards as we know them now first began in 1861 as cards mailed by private post, invented by American John P. Charlton of Philadelphia with the patent later transferred to Philadelphian H. L. Lipman.  Prussian postman Heinrich von Stephan advocated government-issued postcards in 1865.  In 1869 the first government-created postal cards were printed in Hungary and the first cards for private post were printed in Austria.  In the 1870s picture postcards grew in popularity throughout the United States, Britain, Europe, and Japan.  China created regulations for postcards in 1896 and began printing them in 1898.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1873 the United States Government began to issue the only postal cards legal in the U.S., of plain card stock with no artistic design on the front.  On 19 May 1898, Congress passed the Private Mailing Act, which allowed the mailing of privately printed post cards marked \"Private Mailing Card.\"  Only this designation, the address, and the stamp were permitted on the back; any message had to be written over the artwork which publishers printed on the front of the card.  The Act also reduced the postage rate for the cards from the two cent letter rate to one cent.  Beginning on 24 December 1901, relaxed regulations authorized private printers in the United States to drop \"Private Mailing Card\" in favor of \"Post Card\" or \"Postcard.\"  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the \"Undivided Back\" period printers began to leave white space on the front of the card where the sender could write a message without spoiling the artwork (see VC 0004_3000).  Cards were first permitted to have a \"Divided Back,\" with text written on the left half of a dividing line and the address on the right half, beginning in England in 1902.  France switched to a divided back in 1904, Germany in 1905, and the United States on 1 March 1907 (VC 0004_3025).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAround 1900 the first postcards made of \"Real Photos\" rather than artwork began to circulate, aided in by advances in amateur photography equipment by companies such as Kodak.  Kodak also introduced postcard paper for photographic development and photography studios began to offer portraits printed as postcards (see VC 0004_2504).  Many local town, countryside, and architectural images were captured during this period by local photographers, then printed and sold as postcards (see VC 0004_1708).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe loosening of government regulation, lowered costs, and advances in amateur photography all contributed to a postcard craze that lasted from 1900 to the First World War.  Postcards were the preferred means to send a quick note, whether across town or across a continent.  U.S. postal records for fiscal year 1907-1908 indicate over 677 million postcards mailed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGerman printers' fine artwork and superior processes allowed Germany to dominate the market until the outbreak of war in 1914 (see VC 0004_3017).  European printers opened offices in the United States and postcard artists moved to Germany.  When war halted the flow of high-quality German cards, English and American producers attempted to fill market demand.  Their processes, however, resulted in cards of inferior quality. From the War to 1930 cards were printed with a white border around the edge to bring down high printing costs by saving ink (see VC 0004_3038).  Lower quality contributed to the demise of postcard mania.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlthough new linen paper processes in the 1930s resulted in better quality, more brightly colored card art (see VC 0004_3037), the postcard industry continued to decline.  After 1939, new Photochromes, color photo postcards, began to replace both linen and black and white photo postcards (see VC 0004_0200).  By the end of World War II these \"Chromes\" had completely replaced other card forms.  The widely available telephone replaced the postcard for sending short messages and postcards became largely confined to the realm of souvenirs (see VC 0004_0600). Though postcards continue to be produced, they would never regain the enormous popularity of the early twentieth century.  \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Postcards developed out of the complex tradition of nineteenth-century printed calling cards, beginning with the advent of the  Cartes-de-Visite  in France.  In the 1850s, Parisian photographer Andre Adolphe Eugene Disderi invented a photographic process involving egg white, albumen, and silver nitrate to create inexpensive portraits on paper cards.  These photographic  Cartes-de-Visites  were 2 1/2 by 4 inches and became a popular, collectable form of \"visiting cards\" world-wide.  Photographers would reprint portraits of famous individuals they had taken at their studios or during travel and sell them as collectable cards.  Public figures such as European royalty, military generals, doctors, and businessmen would pose for  Cartes-de-Visite  portraits that were used as trading cards, business cards, and advertisements.  During the American Civil War such cards were taxed, with revenue stamps affixed to the back.  ","Postcards as we know them now first began in 1861 as cards mailed by private post, invented by American John P. Charlton of Philadelphia with the patent later transferred to Philadelphian H. L. Lipman.  Prussian postman Heinrich von Stephan advocated government-issued postcards in 1865.  In 1869 the first government-created postal cards were printed in Hungary and the first cards for private post were printed in Austria.  In the 1870s picture postcards grew in popularity throughout the United States, Britain, Europe, and Japan.  China created regulations for postcards in 1896 and began printing them in 1898.","In 1873 the United States Government began to issue the only postal cards legal in the U.S., of plain card stock with no artistic design on the front.  On 19 May 1898, Congress passed the Private Mailing Act, which allowed the mailing of privately printed post cards marked \"Private Mailing Card.\"  Only this designation, the address, and the stamp were permitted on the back; any message had to be written over the artwork which publishers printed on the front of the card.  The Act also reduced the postage rate for the cards from the two cent letter rate to one cent.  Beginning on 24 December 1901, relaxed regulations authorized private printers in the United States to drop \"Private Mailing Card\" in favor of \"Post Card\" or \"Postcard.\"  ","During the \"Undivided Back\" period printers began to leave white space on the front of the card where the sender could write a message without spoiling the artwork (see VC 0004_3000).  Cards were first permitted to have a \"Divided Back,\" with text written on the left half of a dividing line and the address on the right half, beginning in England in 1902.  France switched to a divided back in 1904, Germany in 1905, and the United States on 1 March 1907 (VC 0004_3025).","Around 1900 the first postcards made of \"Real Photos\" rather than artwork began to circulate, aided in by advances in amateur photography equipment by companies such as Kodak.  Kodak also introduced postcard paper for photographic development and photography studios began to offer portraits printed as postcards (see VC 0004_2504).  Many local town, countryside, and architectural images were captured during this period by local photographers, then printed and sold as postcards (see VC 0004_1708).","The loosening of government regulation, lowered costs, and advances in amateur photography all contributed to a postcard craze that lasted from 1900 to the First World War.  Postcards were the preferred means to send a quick note, whether across town or across a continent.  U.S. postal records for fiscal year 1907-1908 indicate over 677 million postcards mailed.","German printers' fine artwork and superior processes allowed Germany to dominate the market until the outbreak of war in 1914 (see VC 0004_3017).  European printers opened offices in the United States and postcard artists moved to Germany.  When war halted the flow of high-quality German cards, English and American producers attempted to fill market demand.  Their processes, however, resulted in cards of inferior quality. From the War to 1930 cards were printed with a white border around the edge to bring down high printing costs by saving ink (see VC 0004_3038).  Lower quality contributed to the demise of postcard mania.","Although new linen paper processes in the 1930s resulted in better quality, more brightly colored card art (see VC 0004_3037), the postcard industry continued to decline.  After 1939, new Photochromes, color photo postcards, began to replace both linen and black and white photo postcards (see VC 0004_0200).  By the end of World War II these \"Chromes\" had completely replaced other card forms.  The widely available telephone replaced the postcard for sending short messages and postcards became largely confined to the realm of souvenirs (see VC 0004_0600). Though postcards continue to be produced, they would never regain the enormous popularity of the early twentieth century.  "],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNone\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Other Finding Aid\n"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["None\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHistorical Postcards, 1900-1980 (VC 004), Thomas Balch Library, Leesburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Historical Postcards, 1900-1980 (VC 004), Thomas Balch Library, Leesburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Emily E. Holmes, 27 July 2007.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information\n"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Emily E. Holmes, 27 July 2007."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe majority of the approximately 170 postcards in the collection fall between 1901 and World War I and are Undivided Back or early Divided Back cards.  The bulk of the remaining postcards fall between World War I and the end of World War II, including several examples of linen paper cards.  The remaining postcards are Photochrome cards from the 1970s or 80s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe primary subject matter of the postcards is scenes from around Loudoun County, although there are images from surrounding Virginia counties and several cards related to Harpers Ferry, West Virginia.  Buildings, images of nature, and well-known streets figure prominently.  Leesburg is the location most covered, including many images of Market Street, King Street, and the Loudoun County Courthouse.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The majority of the approximately 170 postcards in the collection fall between 1901 and World War I and are Undivided Back or early Divided Back cards.  The bulk of the remaining postcards fall between World War I and the end of World War II, including several examples of linen paper cards.  The remaining postcards are Photochrome cards from the 1970s or 80s.","The primary subject matter of the postcards is scenes from around Loudoun County, although there are images from surrounding Virginia counties and several cards related to Harpers Ferry, West Virginia.  Buildings, images of nature, and well-known streets figure prominently.  Leesburg is the location most covered, including many images of Market Street, King Street, and the Loudoun County Courthouse."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo physical characteristics affect use of this material.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["No physical characteristics affect use of this material.\n"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe primary subject matter of the postcards is scenes from around Loudoun County, although there are images from surrounding Virginia counties and several cards related to Harpers Ferry, West Virginia.  Buildings, images of nature, and well-known streets figure prominently.  Leesburg is the location most covered, including many images of Market Street, King Street, and the Loudoun County Courthouse.\n\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The primary subject matter of the postcards is scenes from around Loudoun County, although there are images from surrounding Virginia counties and several cards related to Harpers Ferry, West Virginia.  Buildings, images of nature, and well-known streets figure prominently.  Leesburg is the location most covered, including many images of Market Street, King Street, and the Loudoun County Courthouse.\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":199,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T16:39:32.748Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viletbl_viletbl00014"}},{"id":"viletbl_viletbl00129","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Loudoun County Public Schools' Social Sciences Fair Collection\n2000-","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viletbl_viletbl00129#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Thomas Balch Library\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viletbl_viletbl00129#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This is an open collection consisting of award winning Social Science Fair entries in varying formats and media. ","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viletbl_viletbl00129#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viletbl_viletbl00129","ead_ssi":"viletbl_viletbl00129","_root_":"viletbl_viletbl00129","_nest_parent_":"viletbl_viletbl00129","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/tbl/viletbl00129.xml","title_ssm":["Loudoun County Public Schools' Social Sciences Fair Collection\n2000-"],"title_tesim":["Loudoun County Public Schools' Social Sciences Fair Collection\n2000-"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 054/OMB 0009\n"],"text":["M 054/OMB 0009\n","Loudoun County Public Schools' Social Sciences Fair Collection\n2000-","Collection open for research.\n","2000.0011, 2008.0093, 2009.0231, 2010.0182, 2010.0335, 2011.0229\n","None\n","\"LCPS Holds 12th Annual Social Science Fair.\" http://cmsweb1.loudoun.k12.va.us/509759161361, 12 June 2008, accessed 18 November 2010.\n","\"LCPS Holds 13th Annual Social Science Fair.\" http://cmsweb1.loudoun.k12.va.us/509759161361, 15 June 2009, accessed 26 August 2010","\"LCPS Holds 14th Annual Social Science Fair.\" http://cmsweb1.loudoun.k12.va.us/509759161361, 14 June 2010, accessed 18 November 2010.","\"Thomas Balch Library:  Loudoun County Public Schools' Social Sciences Fair.\"  http://www.leesburgva.gov/index.aspx?page=84#LCPS Social Sciences Fair, accessed 30 August 2010.","The Loudoun County Public Schools' Social Sciences Fair began in 1996 as an outlet for Intermediate and High School students to research social science topics of interest to them. There are several award categories, including  Local History ,  Movers and Shakers ,  Citizenship and Government , and  Wars and Revolutions , as well as special commemorative topics that change annually. Additional awards are presented by organizations such as Daughters of the American Revolution, the Loudoun County Historical Society, and the Waterford Foundation.  Since 2008, the Thomas Balch Library and the Thomas Balch Library Advisory Commission have jointly presented an award honoring excellence in local history, chosen from all the categories at large.  In addition, the Black History Committee of Friends of the Thomas Balch Library has presented awards for outstanding submissions on a topic related to African-American History.  \n","None\n","Processed by Carolyn Jackson and Beth Schuster, 18 November 2010\n","None\n","This is an open collection consisting of award winning Social Science Fair entries in varying formats and media.","2000: award winning \"Documenting the Birthplace of the Mother of the Wright Brothers,\" tabletop presentation and supporting documents, by Avery Fellow of Purcellville's Loudoun Valley High School.   2008: award winning entry in the category of Black History:  \"Impact of Brown [versus Board of Education] on Loudoun,\" printout of PowerPoint Presentation by Samantha Bluell and Adam Macudzinski of Leesburg's Loudoun County High School.  Award by Black History Committee of Friends of the Thomas Balch Library. 2009: award winning entry in the category of Local History, \"How did the Civil War Affect the Citizens of Loudoun County,\" paper and tabletop presentation by Allison Balik of Sterling's Park View High School.  Award by Thomas Balch Library/ Thomas Balch Library Advisory Commission. 2010: award winning entry in the category of Local History:  \"Can a Small Community Do Great Things,\" research paper by Maisoon Fillo of Ashburn's Briar Woods High School.  Award by Loudoun County Public Schools. 2010: award winning entry in the category of Local History: \"How Has Development Hurt the Dairy Industry in Loudoun County,\" tabletop presentation and research paper by Thomas C.  \"T.J.\"  Williams Jr. of South Riding's Freedom High School.  Awards by Loudoun County Public Schools and Thomas Balch Library/ Thomas Balch Library Advisory Commission. 2011: award winning entry in the category of E-History: \"What Was Segregation Like in Loudoun County, Virginia Between 1920 and 1969?\" printout of PowerPoint Presentation and research paper by Alex Hunt of Sterling's Dominion High School.  Award by Black History Committee of Friends of the Thomas Balch Library.","No physical characteristics affect use of this material.\n","This is an open collection consisting of award winning Social Science Fair entries in varying formats and media.\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["M 054/OMB 0009\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Loudoun County Public Schools' Social Sciences Fair Collection\n2000-"],"collection_title_tesim":["Loudoun County Public Schools' Social Sciences Fair Collection\n2000-"],"collection_ssim":["Loudoun County Public Schools' Social Sciences Fair Collection\n2000-"],"repository_ssm":["Thomas Balch Library"],"repository_ssim":["Thomas Balch Library"],"creator_ssm":["Thomas Balch Library\n"],"creator_ssim":["Thomas Balch Library\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Avery Fellow, Purcellville, VA; Samantha Bluell, Leesburg, VA;  Allison Balik, Sterling, VA; James Whitehead, Warrenton, VA; Thomas C.  \"T.J.\"  Williams Jr., Leesburg, VA; Alex Hunt, Great Falls, VA\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection open for research.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection open for research.\n"],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e2000.0011, 2008.0093, 2009.0231, 2010.0182, 2010.0335, 2011.0229\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals\n"],"accruals_tesim":["2000.0011, 2008.0093, 2009.0231, 2010.0182, 2010.0335, 2011.0229\n"],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNone\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternative Form Available\n"],"altformavail_tesim":["None\n"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\n          \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\"LCPS Holds 12th Annual Social Science Fair.\" http://cmsweb1.loudoun.k12.va.us/509759161361, 12 June 2008, accessed 18 November 2010.\n\u003c/bibref\u003e\n        \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n          \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\"LCPS Holds 13th Annual Social Science Fair.\" http://cmsweb1.loudoun.k12.va.us/509759161361, 15 June 2009, accessed 26 August 2010\u003c/bibref\u003e\n        \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n          \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\"LCPS Holds 14th Annual Social Science Fair.\" http://cmsweb1.loudoun.k12.va.us/509759161361, 14 June 2010, accessed 18 November 2010.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n        \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n          \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\"Thomas Balch Library:  Loudoun County Public Schools' Social Sciences Fair.\"  http://www.leesburgva.gov/index.aspx?page=84#LCPS Social Sciences Fair, accessed 30 August 2010.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n        \u003c/p\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography\n"],"bibliography_tesim":["\"LCPS Holds 12th Annual Social Science Fair.\" http://cmsweb1.loudoun.k12.va.us/509759161361, 12 June 2008, accessed 18 November 2010.\n","\"LCPS Holds 13th Annual Social Science Fair.\" http://cmsweb1.loudoun.k12.va.us/509759161361, 15 June 2009, accessed 26 August 2010","\"LCPS Holds 14th Annual Social Science Fair.\" http://cmsweb1.loudoun.k12.va.us/509759161361, 14 June 2010, accessed 18 November 2010.","\"Thomas Balch Library:  Loudoun County Public Schools' Social Sciences Fair.\"  http://www.leesburgva.gov/index.aspx?page=84#LCPS Social Sciences Fair, accessed 30 August 2010."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Loudoun County Public Schools' Social Sciences Fair began in 1996 as an outlet for Intermediate and High School students to research social science topics of interest to them. There are several award categories, including \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eLocal History\u003c/title\u003e, \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eMovers and Shakers\u003c/title\u003e, \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eCitizenship and Government\u003c/title\u003e, and \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eWars and Revolutions\u003c/title\u003e, as well as special commemorative topics that change annually. Additional awards are presented by organizations such as Daughters of the American Revolution, the Loudoun County Historical Society, and the Waterford Foundation.  Since 2008, the Thomas Balch Library and the Thomas Balch Library Advisory Commission have jointly presented an award honoring excellence in local history, chosen from all the categories at large.  In addition, the Black History Committee of Friends of the Thomas Balch Library has presented awards for outstanding submissions on a topic related to African-American History.  \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Loudoun County Public Schools' Social Sciences Fair began in 1996 as an outlet for Intermediate and High School students to research social science topics of interest to them. There are several award categories, including  Local History ,  Movers and Shakers ,  Citizenship and Government , and  Wars and Revolutions , as well as special commemorative topics that change annually. Additional awards are presented by organizations such as Daughters of the American Revolution, the Loudoun County Historical Society, and the Waterford Foundation.  Since 2008, the Thomas Balch Library and the Thomas Balch Library Advisory Commission have jointly presented an award honoring excellence in local history, chosen from all the categories at large.  In addition, the Black History Committee of Friends of the Thomas Balch Library has presented awards for outstanding submissions on a topic related to African-American History.  \n"],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNone\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Other Finding Aid\n"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["None\n"],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNone\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Technical Requirements\n"],"phystech_tesim":["None\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLoudoun County Public Schools' Social Sciences Fair Collection, 2000- (M 054), Thomas Balch Library, Leesburg, VA.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Loudoun County Public Schools' Social Sciences Fair Collection, 2000- (M 054), Thomas Balch Library, Leesburg, VA.\n"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Carolyn Jackson and Beth Schuster, 18 November 2010\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information\n"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Carolyn Jackson and Beth Schuster, 18 November 2010\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNone\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["None\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis is an open collection consisting of award winning Social Science Fair entries in varying formats and media.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e2000: award winning \"Documenting the Birthplace of the Mother of the Wright Brothers,\" tabletop presentation and supporting documents, by Avery Fellow of Purcellville's Loudoun Valley High School.  \u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e2008: award winning entry in the category of Black History:  \"Impact of Brown [versus Board of Education] on Loudoun,\" printout of PowerPoint Presentation by Samantha Bluell and Adam Macudzinski of Leesburg's Loudoun County High School.  Award by Black History Committee of Friends of the Thomas Balch Library.\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e2009: award winning entry in the category of Local History, \"How did the Civil War Affect the Citizens of Loudoun County,\" paper and tabletop presentation by Allison Balik of Sterling's Park View High School.  Award by Thomas Balch Library/ Thomas Balch Library Advisory Commission.\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e2010: award winning entry in the category of Local History:  \"Can a Small Community Do Great Things,\" research paper by Maisoon Fillo of Ashburn's Briar Woods High School.  Award by Loudoun County Public Schools.\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e2010: award winning entry in the category of Local History: \"How Has Development Hurt the Dairy Industry in Loudoun County,\" tabletop presentation and research paper by Thomas C.  \"T.J.\"  Williams Jr. of South Riding's Freedom High School.  Awards by Loudoun County Public Schools and Thomas Balch Library/ Thomas Balch Library Advisory Commission.\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e2011: award winning entry in the category of E-History: \"What Was Segregation Like in Loudoun County, Virginia Between 1920 and 1969?\" printout of PowerPoint Presentation and research paper by Alex Hunt of Sterling's Dominion High School.  Award by Black History Committee of Friends of the Thomas Balch Library.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/list\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This is an open collection consisting of award winning Social Science Fair entries in varying formats and media.","2000: award winning \"Documenting the Birthplace of the Mother of the Wright Brothers,\" tabletop presentation and supporting documents, by Avery Fellow of Purcellville's Loudoun Valley High School.   2008: award winning entry in the category of Black History:  \"Impact of Brown [versus Board of Education] on Loudoun,\" printout of PowerPoint Presentation by Samantha Bluell and Adam Macudzinski of Leesburg's Loudoun County High School.  Award by Black History Committee of Friends of the Thomas Balch Library. 2009: award winning entry in the category of Local History, \"How did the Civil War Affect the Citizens of Loudoun County,\" paper and tabletop presentation by Allison Balik of Sterling's Park View High School.  Award by Thomas Balch Library/ Thomas Balch Library Advisory Commission. 2010: award winning entry in the category of Local History:  \"Can a Small Community Do Great Things,\" research paper by Maisoon Fillo of Ashburn's Briar Woods High School.  Award by Loudoun County Public Schools. 2010: award winning entry in the category of Local History: \"How Has Development Hurt the Dairy Industry in Loudoun County,\" tabletop presentation and research paper by Thomas C.  \"T.J.\"  Williams Jr. of South Riding's Freedom High School.  Awards by Loudoun County Public Schools and Thomas Balch Library/ Thomas Balch Library Advisory Commission. 2011: award winning entry in the category of E-History: \"What Was Segregation Like in Loudoun County, Virginia Between 1920 and 1969?\" printout of PowerPoint Presentation and research paper by Alex Hunt of Sterling's Dominion High School.  Award by Black History Committee of Friends of the Thomas Balch Library."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo physical characteristics affect use of this material.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["No physical characteristics affect use of this material.\n"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis is an open collection consisting of award winning Social Science Fair entries in varying formats and media.\n\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This is an open collection consisting of award winning Social Science Fair entries in varying formats and media.\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":16,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T16:46:57.992Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viletbl_viletbl00129","ead_ssi":"viletbl_viletbl00129","_root_":"viletbl_viletbl00129","_nest_parent_":"viletbl_viletbl00129","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/tbl/viletbl00129.xml","title_ssm":["Loudoun County Public Schools' Social Sciences Fair Collection\n2000-"],"title_tesim":["Loudoun County Public Schools' Social Sciences Fair Collection\n2000-"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 054/OMB 0009\n"],"text":["M 054/OMB 0009\n","Loudoun County Public Schools' Social Sciences Fair Collection\n2000-","Collection open for research.\n","2000.0011, 2008.0093, 2009.0231, 2010.0182, 2010.0335, 2011.0229\n","None\n","\"LCPS Holds 12th Annual Social Science Fair.\" http://cmsweb1.loudoun.k12.va.us/509759161361, 12 June 2008, accessed 18 November 2010.\n","\"LCPS Holds 13th Annual Social Science Fair.\" http://cmsweb1.loudoun.k12.va.us/509759161361, 15 June 2009, accessed 26 August 2010","\"LCPS Holds 14th Annual Social Science Fair.\" http://cmsweb1.loudoun.k12.va.us/509759161361, 14 June 2010, accessed 18 November 2010.","\"Thomas Balch Library:  Loudoun County Public Schools' Social Sciences Fair.\"  http://www.leesburgva.gov/index.aspx?page=84#LCPS Social Sciences Fair, accessed 30 August 2010.","The Loudoun County Public Schools' Social Sciences Fair began in 1996 as an outlet for Intermediate and High School students to research social science topics of interest to them. There are several award categories, including  Local History ,  Movers and Shakers ,  Citizenship and Government , and  Wars and Revolutions , as well as special commemorative topics that change annually. Additional awards are presented by organizations such as Daughters of the American Revolution, the Loudoun County Historical Society, and the Waterford Foundation.  Since 2008, the Thomas Balch Library and the Thomas Balch Library Advisory Commission have jointly presented an award honoring excellence in local history, chosen from all the categories at large.  In addition, the Black History Committee of Friends of the Thomas Balch Library has presented awards for outstanding submissions on a topic related to African-American History.  \n","None\n","Processed by Carolyn Jackson and Beth Schuster, 18 November 2010\n","None\n","This is an open collection consisting of award winning Social Science Fair entries in varying formats and media.","2000: award winning \"Documenting the Birthplace of the Mother of the Wright Brothers,\" tabletop presentation and supporting documents, by Avery Fellow of Purcellville's Loudoun Valley High School.   2008: award winning entry in the category of Black History:  \"Impact of Brown [versus Board of Education] on Loudoun,\" printout of PowerPoint Presentation by Samantha Bluell and Adam Macudzinski of Leesburg's Loudoun County High School.  Award by Black History Committee of Friends of the Thomas Balch Library. 2009: award winning entry in the category of Local History, \"How did the Civil War Affect the Citizens of Loudoun County,\" paper and tabletop presentation by Allison Balik of Sterling's Park View High School.  Award by Thomas Balch Library/ Thomas Balch Library Advisory Commission. 2010: award winning entry in the category of Local History:  \"Can a Small Community Do Great Things,\" research paper by Maisoon Fillo of Ashburn's Briar Woods High School.  Award by Loudoun County Public Schools. 2010: award winning entry in the category of Local History: \"How Has Development Hurt the Dairy Industry in Loudoun County,\" tabletop presentation and research paper by Thomas C.  \"T.J.\"  Williams Jr. of South Riding's Freedom High School.  Awards by Loudoun County Public Schools and Thomas Balch Library/ Thomas Balch Library Advisory Commission. 2011: award winning entry in the category of E-History: \"What Was Segregation Like in Loudoun County, Virginia Between 1920 and 1969?\" printout of PowerPoint Presentation and research paper by Alex Hunt of Sterling's Dominion High School.  Award by Black History Committee of Friends of the Thomas Balch Library.","No physical characteristics affect use of this material.\n","This is an open collection consisting of award winning Social Science Fair entries in varying formats and media.\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["M 054/OMB 0009\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Loudoun County Public Schools' Social Sciences Fair Collection\n2000-"],"collection_title_tesim":["Loudoun County Public Schools' Social Sciences Fair Collection\n2000-"],"collection_ssim":["Loudoun County Public Schools' Social Sciences Fair Collection\n2000-"],"repository_ssm":["Thomas Balch Library"],"repository_ssim":["Thomas Balch Library"],"creator_ssm":["Thomas Balch Library\n"],"creator_ssim":["Thomas Balch Library\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Avery Fellow, Purcellville, VA; Samantha Bluell, Leesburg, VA;  Allison Balik, Sterling, VA; James Whitehead, Warrenton, VA; Thomas C.  \"T.J.\"  Williams Jr., Leesburg, VA; Alex Hunt, Great Falls, VA\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection open for research.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection open for research.\n"],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e2000.0011, 2008.0093, 2009.0231, 2010.0182, 2010.0335, 2011.0229\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals\n"],"accruals_tesim":["2000.0011, 2008.0093, 2009.0231, 2010.0182, 2010.0335, 2011.0229\n"],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNone\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternative Form Available\n"],"altformavail_tesim":["None\n"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\n          \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\"LCPS Holds 12th Annual Social Science Fair.\" http://cmsweb1.loudoun.k12.va.us/509759161361, 12 June 2008, accessed 18 November 2010.\n\u003c/bibref\u003e\n        \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n          \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\"LCPS Holds 13th Annual Social Science Fair.\" http://cmsweb1.loudoun.k12.va.us/509759161361, 15 June 2009, accessed 26 August 2010\u003c/bibref\u003e\n        \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n          \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\"LCPS Holds 14th Annual Social Science Fair.\" http://cmsweb1.loudoun.k12.va.us/509759161361, 14 June 2010, accessed 18 November 2010.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n        \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n          \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\"Thomas Balch Library:  Loudoun County Public Schools' Social Sciences Fair.\"  http://www.leesburgva.gov/index.aspx?page=84#LCPS Social Sciences Fair, accessed 30 August 2010.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n        \u003c/p\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography\n"],"bibliography_tesim":["\"LCPS Holds 12th Annual Social Science Fair.\" http://cmsweb1.loudoun.k12.va.us/509759161361, 12 June 2008, accessed 18 November 2010.\n","\"LCPS Holds 13th Annual Social Science Fair.\" http://cmsweb1.loudoun.k12.va.us/509759161361, 15 June 2009, accessed 26 August 2010","\"LCPS Holds 14th Annual Social Science Fair.\" http://cmsweb1.loudoun.k12.va.us/509759161361, 14 June 2010, accessed 18 November 2010.","\"Thomas Balch Library:  Loudoun County Public Schools' Social Sciences Fair.\"  http://www.leesburgva.gov/index.aspx?page=84#LCPS Social Sciences Fair, accessed 30 August 2010."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Loudoun County Public Schools' Social Sciences Fair began in 1996 as an outlet for Intermediate and High School students to research social science topics of interest to them. There are several award categories, including \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eLocal History\u003c/title\u003e, \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eMovers and Shakers\u003c/title\u003e, \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eCitizenship and Government\u003c/title\u003e, and \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eWars and Revolutions\u003c/title\u003e, as well as special commemorative topics that change annually. Additional awards are presented by organizations such as Daughters of the American Revolution, the Loudoun County Historical Society, and the Waterford Foundation.  Since 2008, the Thomas Balch Library and the Thomas Balch Library Advisory Commission have jointly presented an award honoring excellence in local history, chosen from all the categories at large.  In addition, the Black History Committee of Friends of the Thomas Balch Library has presented awards for outstanding submissions on a topic related to African-American History.  \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Loudoun County Public Schools' Social Sciences Fair began in 1996 as an outlet for Intermediate and High School students to research social science topics of interest to them. There are several award categories, including  Local History ,  Movers and Shakers ,  Citizenship and Government , and  Wars and Revolutions , as well as special commemorative topics that change annually. Additional awards are presented by organizations such as Daughters of the American Revolution, the Loudoun County Historical Society, and the Waterford Foundation.  Since 2008, the Thomas Balch Library and the Thomas Balch Library Advisory Commission have jointly presented an award honoring excellence in local history, chosen from all the categories at large.  In addition, the Black History Committee of Friends of the Thomas Balch Library has presented awards for outstanding submissions on a topic related to African-American History.  \n"],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNone\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Other Finding Aid\n"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["None\n"],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNone\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Technical Requirements\n"],"phystech_tesim":["None\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLoudoun County Public Schools' Social Sciences Fair Collection, 2000- (M 054), Thomas Balch Library, Leesburg, VA.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Loudoun County Public Schools' Social Sciences Fair Collection, 2000- (M 054), Thomas Balch Library, Leesburg, VA.\n"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Carolyn Jackson and Beth Schuster, 18 November 2010\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information\n"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Carolyn Jackson and Beth Schuster, 18 November 2010\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNone\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["None\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis is an open collection consisting of award winning Social Science Fair entries in varying formats and media.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e2000: award winning \"Documenting the Birthplace of the Mother of the Wright Brothers,\" tabletop presentation and supporting documents, by Avery Fellow of Purcellville's Loudoun Valley High School.  \u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e2008: award winning entry in the category of Black History:  \"Impact of Brown [versus Board of Education] on Loudoun,\" printout of PowerPoint Presentation by Samantha Bluell and Adam Macudzinski of Leesburg's Loudoun County High School.  Award by Black History Committee of Friends of the Thomas Balch Library.\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e2009: award winning entry in the category of Local History, \"How did the Civil War Affect the Citizens of Loudoun County,\" paper and tabletop presentation by Allison Balik of Sterling's Park View High School.  Award by Thomas Balch Library/ Thomas Balch Library Advisory Commission.\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e2010: award winning entry in the category of Local History:  \"Can a Small Community Do Great Things,\" research paper by Maisoon Fillo of Ashburn's Briar Woods High School.  Award by Loudoun County Public Schools.\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e2010: award winning entry in the category of Local History: \"How Has Development Hurt the Dairy Industry in Loudoun County,\" tabletop presentation and research paper by Thomas C.  \"T.J.\"  Williams Jr. of South Riding's Freedom High School.  Awards by Loudoun County Public Schools and Thomas Balch Library/ Thomas Balch Library Advisory Commission.\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e2011: award winning entry in the category of E-History: \"What Was Segregation Like in Loudoun County, Virginia Between 1920 and 1969?\" printout of PowerPoint Presentation and research paper by Alex Hunt of Sterling's Dominion High School.  Award by Black History Committee of Friends of the Thomas Balch Library.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/list\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This is an open collection consisting of award winning Social Science Fair entries in varying formats and media.","2000: award winning \"Documenting the Birthplace of the Mother of the Wright Brothers,\" tabletop presentation and supporting documents, by Avery Fellow of Purcellville's Loudoun Valley High School.   2008: award winning entry in the category of Black History:  \"Impact of Brown [versus Board of Education] on Loudoun,\" printout of PowerPoint Presentation by Samantha Bluell and Adam Macudzinski of Leesburg's Loudoun County High School.  Award by Black History Committee of Friends of the Thomas Balch Library. 2009: award winning entry in the category of Local History, \"How did the Civil War Affect the Citizens of Loudoun County,\" paper and tabletop presentation by Allison Balik of Sterling's Park View High School.  Award by Thomas Balch Library/ Thomas Balch Library Advisory Commission. 2010: award winning entry in the category of Local History:  \"Can a Small Community Do Great Things,\" research paper by Maisoon Fillo of Ashburn's Briar Woods High School.  Award by Loudoun County Public Schools. 2010: award winning entry in the category of Local History: \"How Has Development Hurt the Dairy Industry in Loudoun County,\" tabletop presentation and research paper by Thomas C.  \"T.J.\"  Williams Jr. of South Riding's Freedom High School.  Awards by Loudoun County Public Schools and Thomas Balch Library/ Thomas Balch Library Advisory Commission. 2011: award winning entry in the category of E-History: \"What Was Segregation Like in Loudoun County, Virginia Between 1920 and 1969?\" printout of PowerPoint Presentation and research paper by Alex Hunt of Sterling's Dominion High School.  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