{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Powhatan+County+%28Va.%29+Circuit+Court.%0A\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection","next":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Powhatan+County+%28Va.%29+Circuit+Court.%0A\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026page=2","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Powhatan+County+%28Va.%29+Circuit+Court.%0A\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026page=2"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":2,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":2,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":20,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vi_vi04782","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Powhatan County (Va.) Apprenticeship Indentures\n1788-1884","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04782#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04782#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Apprenticeship Indentures, 1788-1884, are bonds and contracts of apprenticeship, showing the names of master and apprentice, the trade to be taught, details of the contract, the amount of the bond and the names of sureties. Many of the apprentices are free African Americans. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04782#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi04782","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04782","_root_":"vi_vi04782","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04782","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi04782.xml","title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Apprenticeship Indentures\n1788-1884"],"title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Apprenticeship Indentures\n1788-1884"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["0007549519\n"],"text":["0007549519\n","Powhatan County (Va.) Apprenticeship Indentures\n1788-1884",".45 cu.ft. (1 box)","There are no restrictions.\n","Powhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850. The county seat is Powhatan.\n","See also: Powhatan County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records, 1866 ","Additional Powhatan County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Powhatan County (Va.) Apprenticeship Indentures, 1788-1884, are bonds and contracts of apprenticeship, showing the names of master and apprentice, the trade to be taught, details of the contract, the amount of the bond and the names of sureties. Many of the apprentices are free African Americans.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","Library of Virginia\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["0007549519\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Apprenticeship Indentures\n1788-1884"],"collection_title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Apprenticeship Indentures\n1788-1884"],"collection_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Apprenticeship Indentures\n1788-1884"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"creator_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court records from Powhatan County.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":[".45 cu.ft. (1 box)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850. The county seat is Powhatan.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Powhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850. The county seat is Powhatan.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Apprenticeship Indentures, 1788-1884. Local government records collection, Powhatan County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Apprenticeship Indentures, 1788-1884. Local government records collection, Powhatan County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee also: \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi04787.xml\"\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records, 1866 \u003c/extref\u003e \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional Powhatan County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA219\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See also: Powhatan County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records, 1866 ","Additional Powhatan County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\""],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Apprenticeship Indentures, 1788-1884, are bonds and contracts of apprenticeship, showing the names of master and apprentice, the trade to be taught, details of the contract, the amount of the bond and the names of sureties. Many of the apprentices are free African Americans.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Apprenticeship Indentures, 1788-1884, are bonds and contracts of apprenticeship, showing the names of master and apprentice, the trade to be taught, details of the contract, the amount of the bond and the names of sureties. Many of the apprentices are free African Americans.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:56:25.361Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi04782","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04782","_root_":"vi_vi04782","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04782","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi04782.xml","title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Apprenticeship Indentures\n1788-1884"],"title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Apprenticeship Indentures\n1788-1884"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["0007549519\n"],"text":["0007549519\n","Powhatan County (Va.) Apprenticeship Indentures\n1788-1884",".45 cu.ft. (1 box)","There are no restrictions.\n","Powhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850. The county seat is Powhatan.\n","See also: Powhatan County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records, 1866 ","Additional Powhatan County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Powhatan County (Va.) Apprenticeship Indentures, 1788-1884, are bonds and contracts of apprenticeship, showing the names of master and apprentice, the trade to be taught, details of the contract, the amount of the bond and the names of sureties. Many of the apprentices are free African Americans.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","Library of Virginia\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["0007549519\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Apprenticeship Indentures\n1788-1884"],"collection_title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Apprenticeship Indentures\n1788-1884"],"collection_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Apprenticeship Indentures\n1788-1884"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"creator_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court records from Powhatan County.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":[".45 cu.ft. (1 box)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850. The county seat is Powhatan.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Powhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850. The county seat is Powhatan.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Apprenticeship Indentures, 1788-1884. Local government records collection, Powhatan County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Apprenticeship Indentures, 1788-1884. Local government records collection, Powhatan County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee also: \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi04787.xml\"\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records, 1866 \u003c/extref\u003e \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional Powhatan County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA219\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See also: Powhatan County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records, 1866 ","Additional Powhatan County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\""],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Apprenticeship Indentures, 1788-1884, are bonds and contracts of apprenticeship, showing the names of master and apprentice, the trade to be taught, details of the contract, the amount of the bond and the names of sureties. Many of the apprentices are free African Americans.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Apprenticeship Indentures, 1788-1884, are bonds and contracts of apprenticeship, showing the names of master and apprentice, the trade to be taught, details of the contract, the amount of the bond and the names of sureties. Many of the apprentices are free African Americans.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:56:25.361Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04782"}},{"id":"vi_vi04787","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Powhatan County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records,\n1866","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04787#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04787#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records, 1866, consist of Freedmen's Bureau Apprenticeship Indentures, 1866. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04787#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi04787","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04787","_root_":"vi_vi04787","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04787","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi04787.xml","title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records,\n1866"],"title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records,\n1866"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records,\n1866"],"text":["Powhatan County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records,\n1866",".45 cubic feet (1 box)","Powhatan County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records, 1866 are digitized and available through Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection on the Library of Virginia website. Please use digital images.\n","This collection is arranged into Series I: Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records, 1866, and organized chronologically ","Context for Record Type:","Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands ","On March 3, 1865, the federal government created The Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands using the Freedmen's Bureau Bill. Also known as the \"Freedmen's Bureau,\" this agency was responsible for aiding refugees of the Civil War, especially formerly enslaved people in the areas of education, employment, and health care. Meant to last for only one year after the war, the Bureau was largely operational from June 1865 to December 1868, and officially abolished in 1872. ","Freedmen's Apprenticeship Indentures ","In the fall of 1865, the Freedmen's Bureau assumed responsibility as the governing body for apprenticeship indentures and oversaw the binding out of children of formerly enslaved people to indenture holders. Although these contracts were generated by the federal government, a few localities retained possession and they were filed in the courthouse as Freedmen's Bureau records. They typically contain the name of the person or institution binding out, the person to whom bound, the name of the person being indentured, the length of the apprenticeship, and the responsibilities of the person taking on the indenture.","Locality History: Locality History: Powhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850. The county seat is Powhatan.","Freedmen's Bureau Apprenticeship Indentures were originally described as \"Powhatan County (Va.) Freedmen's Bureau Apprenticeship Indentures, 1866\" but were retitled \"Powhatan County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records, 1866\" in February 2024 to help standardize description of records and increased context between various Freedmen's Bureau records.\n","These records have been scanned and indexed by C. Smith and other LVA staff for the purposes of digitizing them for the digital project Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative.","Encoded by G. Crawford, 2015; Updated by M. Mason, February 2024","See also: Powhatan County (Va.) Free and Enslaved Records, 1780-1866, undated","See also: Powhatan County (Va.) Apprenticeship Indentures, 1788-1884 ","Records related to free and enslaved people of Powhatan County (Va.) and other localities are available through the Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection on the Library of Virginia website.","Additional Powhatan County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\" found on the Library of Virginia's web site.\n","Powhatan County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records, 1866, consist of Freedmen's Bureau Apprenticeship Indentures, 1866.\n","These Apprenticeship Indentures record the binding of emancipated Black and multiracial children to individuals for the purpose of learning a trade. They are contractual agreements between the indenture holder and agents of the Freedmen's Bureau. They stipulate the amount the indenture holder agreed to pay to the Freedmen's Bureau in exchange for the child to be bound to them by the Freedmen's Bureau; length of apprenticeship; and a statement of the obligations and responsibilities of each party. Information found in the apprenticeship indentures include names of the indenture holder and Freedmen's Bureau agents, bond amount, date of indenture, names and age of the apprentice, and name of trade.","There are no restrictions.\n","Library of Virginia\n","English\n"],"collection_title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records,\n1866"],"collection_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records,\n1866"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"creator_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in transfer of court papers from Powhatan County in an undated accession.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":[".45 cubic feet (1 box)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records, 1866 are digitized and available through \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/aan\"\u003eVirginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection \u003c/extref\u003e on the Library of Virginia website. Please use digital images.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records, 1866 are digitized and available through Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection on the Library of Virginia website. Please use digital images.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into \u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries I: Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records, 1866, and organized chronologically \u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into Series I: Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records, 1866, and organized chronologically "],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Record Type:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn March 3, 1865, the federal government created The Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands using the Freedmen's Bureau Bill. Also known as the \"Freedmen's Bureau,\" this agency was responsible for aiding refugees of the Civil War, especially formerly enslaved people in the areas of education, employment, and health care. Meant to last for only one year after the war, the Bureau was largely operational from June 1865 to December 1868, and officially abolished in 1872. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFreedmen's Apprenticeship Indentures \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the fall of 1865, the Freedmen's Bureau assumed responsibility as the governing body for apprenticeship indentures and oversaw the binding out of children of formerly enslaved people to indenture holders. Although these contracts were generated by the federal government, a few localities retained possession and they were filed in the courthouse as Freedmen's Bureau records. They typically contain the name of the person or institution binding out, the person to whom bound, the name of the person being indentured, the length of the apprenticeship, and the responsibilities of the person taking on the indenture.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History:\u003c/emph\u003e Locality History: Powhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850. The county seat is Powhatan.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Record Type:","Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands ","On March 3, 1865, the federal government created The Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands using the Freedmen's Bureau Bill. Also known as the \"Freedmen's Bureau,\" this agency was responsible for aiding refugees of the Civil War, especially formerly enslaved people in the areas of education, employment, and health care. Meant to last for only one year after the war, the Bureau was largely operational from June 1865 to December 1868, and officially abolished in 1872. ","Freedmen's Apprenticeship Indentures ","In the fall of 1865, the Freedmen's Bureau assumed responsibility as the governing body for apprenticeship indentures and oversaw the binding out of children of formerly enslaved people to indenture holders. Although these contracts were generated by the federal government, a few localities retained possession and they were filed in the courthouse as Freedmen's Bureau records. They typically contain the name of the person or institution binding out, the person to whom bound, the name of the person being indentured, the length of the apprenticeship, and the responsibilities of the person taking on the indenture.","Locality History: Locality History: Powhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850. The county seat is Powhatan."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records, 1866. Local government records collection, Powhatan County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records, 1866. Local government records collection, Powhatan County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia 23219.\n"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFreedmen's Bureau Apprenticeship Indentures were originally described as \"Powhatan County (Va.) Freedmen's Bureau Apprenticeship Indentures, 1866\" but were retitled \"Powhatan County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records, 1866\" in February 2024 to help standardize description of records and increased context between various Freedmen's Bureau records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese records have been scanned and indexed by C. Smith and other LVA staff for the purposes of digitizing them for the digital project Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEncoded by G. Crawford, 2015; Updated by M. Mason, February 2024\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information\n"],"processinfo_tesim":["Freedmen's Bureau Apprenticeship Indentures were originally described as \"Powhatan County (Va.) Freedmen's Bureau Apprenticeship Indentures, 1866\" but were retitled \"Powhatan County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records, 1866\" in February 2024 to help standardize description of records and increased context between various Freedmen's Bureau records.\n","These records have been scanned and indexed by C. Smith and other LVA staff for the purposes of digitizing them for the digital project Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative.","Encoded by G. Crawford, 2015; Updated by M. Mason, February 2024"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee also: \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi02258.xml\"\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Free and Enslaved Records, 1780-1866, undated\u003c/extref\u003e \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee also: \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi04782.xml\"\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Apprenticeship Indentures, 1788-1884 \u003c/extref\u003e \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords related to free and enslaved people of Powhatan County (Va.) and other localities are available through the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/aan\"\u003eVirginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection \u003c/extref\u003e on the Library of Virginia website.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional Powhatan County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"\u003c/extref\u003e found on the Library of Virginia's web site.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See also: Powhatan County (Va.) Free and Enslaved Records, 1780-1866, undated","See also: Powhatan County (Va.) Apprenticeship Indentures, 1788-1884 ","Records related to free and enslaved people of Powhatan County (Va.) and other localities are available through the Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection on the Library of Virginia website.","Additional Powhatan County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\" found on the Library of Virginia's web site.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records, 1866, consist of Freedmen's Bureau Apprenticeship Indentures, 1866.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese Apprenticeship Indentures record the binding of emancipated Black and multiracial children to individuals for the purpose of learning a trade. They are contractual agreements between the indenture holder and agents of the Freedmen's Bureau. They stipulate the amount the indenture holder agreed to pay to the Freedmen's Bureau in exchange for the child to be bound to them by the Freedmen's Bureau; length of apprenticeship; and a statement of the obligations and responsibilities of each party. Information found in the apprenticeship indentures include names of the indenture holder and Freedmen's Bureau agents, bond amount, date of indenture, names and age of the apprentice, and name of trade.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records, 1866, consist of Freedmen's Bureau Apprenticeship Indentures, 1866.\n","These Apprenticeship Indentures record the binding of emancipated Black and multiracial children to individuals for the purpose of learning a trade. They are contractual agreements between the indenture holder and agents of the Freedmen's Bureau. They stipulate the amount the indenture holder agreed to pay to the Freedmen's Bureau in exchange for the child to be bound to them by the Freedmen's Bureau; length of apprenticeship; and a statement of the obligations and responsibilities of each party. Information found in the apprenticeship indentures include names of the indenture holder and Freedmen's Bureau agents, bond amount, date of indenture, names and age of the apprentice, and name of trade."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T08:50:16.294Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi04787","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04787","_root_":"vi_vi04787","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04787","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi04787.xml","title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records,\n1866"],"title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records,\n1866"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records,\n1866"],"text":["Powhatan County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records,\n1866",".45 cubic feet (1 box)","Powhatan County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records, 1866 are digitized and available through Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection on the Library of Virginia website. Please use digital images.\n","This collection is arranged into Series I: Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records, 1866, and organized chronologically ","Context for Record Type:","Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands ","On March 3, 1865, the federal government created The Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands using the Freedmen's Bureau Bill. Also known as the \"Freedmen's Bureau,\" this agency was responsible for aiding refugees of the Civil War, especially formerly enslaved people in the areas of education, employment, and health care. Meant to last for only one year after the war, the Bureau was largely operational from June 1865 to December 1868, and officially abolished in 1872. ","Freedmen's Apprenticeship Indentures ","In the fall of 1865, the Freedmen's Bureau assumed responsibility as the governing body for apprenticeship indentures and oversaw the binding out of children of formerly enslaved people to indenture holders. Although these contracts were generated by the federal government, a few localities retained possession and they were filed in the courthouse as Freedmen's Bureau records. They typically contain the name of the person or institution binding out, the person to whom bound, the name of the person being indentured, the length of the apprenticeship, and the responsibilities of the person taking on the indenture.","Locality History: Locality History: Powhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850. The county seat is Powhatan.","Freedmen's Bureau Apprenticeship Indentures were originally described as \"Powhatan County (Va.) Freedmen's Bureau Apprenticeship Indentures, 1866\" but were retitled \"Powhatan County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records, 1866\" in February 2024 to help standardize description of records and increased context between various Freedmen's Bureau records.\n","These records have been scanned and indexed by C. Smith and other LVA staff for the purposes of digitizing them for the digital project Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative.","Encoded by G. Crawford, 2015; Updated by M. Mason, February 2024","See also: Powhatan County (Va.) Free and Enslaved Records, 1780-1866, undated","See also: Powhatan County (Va.) Apprenticeship Indentures, 1788-1884 ","Records related to free and enslaved people of Powhatan County (Va.) and other localities are available through the Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection on the Library of Virginia website.","Additional Powhatan County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\" found on the Library of Virginia's web site.\n","Powhatan County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records, 1866, consist of Freedmen's Bureau Apprenticeship Indentures, 1866.\n","These Apprenticeship Indentures record the binding of emancipated Black and multiracial children to individuals for the purpose of learning a trade. They are contractual agreements between the indenture holder and agents of the Freedmen's Bureau. They stipulate the amount the indenture holder agreed to pay to the Freedmen's Bureau in exchange for the child to be bound to them by the Freedmen's Bureau; length of apprenticeship; and a statement of the obligations and responsibilities of each party. Information found in the apprenticeship indentures include names of the indenture holder and Freedmen's Bureau agents, bond amount, date of indenture, names and age of the apprentice, and name of trade.","There are no restrictions.\n","Library of Virginia\n","English\n"],"collection_title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records,\n1866"],"collection_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records,\n1866"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"creator_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in transfer of court papers from Powhatan County in an undated accession.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":[".45 cubic feet (1 box)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records, 1866 are digitized and available through \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/aan\"\u003eVirginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection \u003c/extref\u003e on the Library of Virginia website. Please use digital images.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records, 1866 are digitized and available through Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection on the Library of Virginia website. Please use digital images.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into \u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries I: Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records, 1866, and organized chronologically \u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into Series I: Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records, 1866, and organized chronologically "],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Record Type:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn March 3, 1865, the federal government created The Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands using the Freedmen's Bureau Bill. Also known as the \"Freedmen's Bureau,\" this agency was responsible for aiding refugees of the Civil War, especially formerly enslaved people in the areas of education, employment, and health care. Meant to last for only one year after the war, the Bureau was largely operational from June 1865 to December 1868, and officially abolished in 1872. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFreedmen's Apprenticeship Indentures \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the fall of 1865, the Freedmen's Bureau assumed responsibility as the governing body for apprenticeship indentures and oversaw the binding out of children of formerly enslaved people to indenture holders. Although these contracts were generated by the federal government, a few localities retained possession and they were filed in the courthouse as Freedmen's Bureau records. They typically contain the name of the person or institution binding out, the person to whom bound, the name of the person being indentured, the length of the apprenticeship, and the responsibilities of the person taking on the indenture.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History:\u003c/emph\u003e Locality History: Powhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850. The county seat is Powhatan.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Record Type:","Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands ","On March 3, 1865, the federal government created The Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands using the Freedmen's Bureau Bill. Also known as the \"Freedmen's Bureau,\" this agency was responsible for aiding refugees of the Civil War, especially formerly enslaved people in the areas of education, employment, and health care. Meant to last for only one year after the war, the Bureau was largely operational from June 1865 to December 1868, and officially abolished in 1872. ","Freedmen's Apprenticeship Indentures ","In the fall of 1865, the Freedmen's Bureau assumed responsibility as the governing body for apprenticeship indentures and oversaw the binding out of children of formerly enslaved people to indenture holders. Although these contracts were generated by the federal government, a few localities retained possession and they were filed in the courthouse as Freedmen's Bureau records. They typically contain the name of the person or institution binding out, the person to whom bound, the name of the person being indentured, the length of the apprenticeship, and the responsibilities of the person taking on the indenture.","Locality History: Locality History: Powhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850. The county seat is Powhatan."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records, 1866. Local government records collection, Powhatan County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records, 1866. Local government records collection, Powhatan County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia 23219.\n"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFreedmen's Bureau Apprenticeship Indentures were originally described as \"Powhatan County (Va.) Freedmen's Bureau Apprenticeship Indentures, 1866\" but were retitled \"Powhatan County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records, 1866\" in February 2024 to help standardize description of records and increased context between various Freedmen's Bureau records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese records have been scanned and indexed by C. Smith and other LVA staff for the purposes of digitizing them for the digital project Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEncoded by G. Crawford, 2015; Updated by M. Mason, February 2024\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information\n"],"processinfo_tesim":["Freedmen's Bureau Apprenticeship Indentures were originally described as \"Powhatan County (Va.) Freedmen's Bureau Apprenticeship Indentures, 1866\" but were retitled \"Powhatan County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records, 1866\" in February 2024 to help standardize description of records and increased context between various Freedmen's Bureau records.\n","These records have been scanned and indexed by C. Smith and other LVA staff for the purposes of digitizing them for the digital project Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative.","Encoded by G. Crawford, 2015; Updated by M. Mason, February 2024"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee also: \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi02258.xml\"\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Free and Enslaved Records, 1780-1866, undated\u003c/extref\u003e \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee also: \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi04782.xml\"\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Apprenticeship Indentures, 1788-1884 \u003c/extref\u003e \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords related to free and enslaved people of Powhatan County (Va.) and other localities are available through the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/aan\"\u003eVirginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection \u003c/extref\u003e on the Library of Virginia website.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional Powhatan County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"\u003c/extref\u003e found on the Library of Virginia's web site.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See also: Powhatan County (Va.) Free and Enslaved Records, 1780-1866, undated","See also: Powhatan County (Va.) Apprenticeship Indentures, 1788-1884 ","Records related to free and enslaved people of Powhatan County (Va.) and other localities are available through the Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection on the Library of Virginia website.","Additional Powhatan County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\" found on the Library of Virginia's web site.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records, 1866, consist of Freedmen's Bureau Apprenticeship Indentures, 1866.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese Apprenticeship Indentures record the binding of emancipated Black and multiracial children to individuals for the purpose of learning a trade. They are contractual agreements between the indenture holder and agents of the Freedmen's Bureau. They stipulate the amount the indenture holder agreed to pay to the Freedmen's Bureau in exchange for the child to be bound to them by the Freedmen's Bureau; length of apprenticeship; and a statement of the obligations and responsibilities of each party. Information found in the apprenticeship indentures include names of the indenture holder and Freedmen's Bureau agents, bond amount, date of indenture, names and age of the apprentice, and name of trade.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records, 1866, consist of Freedmen's Bureau Apprenticeship Indentures, 1866.\n","These Apprenticeship Indentures record the binding of emancipated Black and multiracial children to individuals for the purpose of learning a trade. They are contractual agreements between the indenture holder and agents of the Freedmen's Bureau. They stipulate the amount the indenture holder agreed to pay to the Freedmen's Bureau in exchange for the child to be bound to them by the Freedmen's Bureau; length of apprenticeship; and a statement of the obligations and responsibilities of each party. Information found in the apprenticeship indentures include names of the indenture holder and Freedmen's Bureau agents, bond amount, date of indenture, names and age of the apprentice, and name of trade."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T08:50:16.294Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04787"}},{"id":"vi_vi02998","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Powhatan County (Va.) Business Records, \n1788-1891","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02998#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02998#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Business Records, 1788-1891, is comprised of various records created by individuals and companies is pursuit of documenting business activities in and around Powhatan County (Va.). Represented records largerly consists of bound volumes such as ledgers, account box, daybooks, account books and journals. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02998#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi02998","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02998","_root_":"vi_vi02998","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02998","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi02998.xml","title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Business Records, \n1788-1891"],"title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Business Records, \n1788-1891"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":[""],"text":["","Powhatan County (Va.) Business Records, \n1788-1891",".","Many of the business volumes are fragile and should not be handled. please check alternative formats for volumes that have been microfiled. Please use microfilm if available .\n"," Please see Powhatan County Microfilm index in the Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm available on the Library of Virginia website for full listing.","Samuel B. and Francis O. Drake Blotter, 1840-1845 is available as microfilm Powhatan County (Va.) Reel 48 ","Cardozo, Oldner, and Company Sales Books, 1845-1846 is available as microfilm Powhatan County (Va.) Reel 48 ","John F. Cox Account Box, 1849-1859 is available as microfilm Powhatan County (Va.) Reel 48 ","William Campbell Scott Journal, 1842-1864 is available as microfilm Powhatan County (Va.) Reel 48 ","Forlines and Harris Account Book, 1853-1856 is available as microfilm Powhatan County (Va.) Reel 48 ","Henry W. Whitlock and Son Daybooks and Ledger, 1839-1846 is available as microfilm Powhatan County (Va.) Reel 48 ","George W. Williams Journal and Ledger, 1845-1848 is available as microfilm Powhatan County (Va.) Reel 48 ","This collection is arranged Series I: Samuel B. and Francis O. Drake Blotter, 1840-1845 Series II: Cardozo, Oldner, and Company Sales Books, 1845-1846 Series III: John F. Cox Account Book, 1849-1859 Series IV: William Campbell Scott Journal, 1842-1864 Series V: Davis General Store Daybook and Ledger, 1830-1834 Series VI: Elbert Mosby Tavern Account Books, 1837-1839 Series VII: John M. Stratton Daybook and Ledger, 1853-1854 Series VIII: Milton P. Atkinson and Company Ledger, 1829-1831 Series IX: Scott, Skipwith, and Cardozo Daybook and Ledger, 1854-1856 Series X: Unidentified Blacksmith Ledger, 1852-1855 Series XI: Unidentified General Store Account Book, 1891 Series XII: Unidentified Merchant Daybook and Ledger, 1804-1807 Series XIII: Unidentified Merchant Daybook, 1806-1807 Series XIV: Forlines and Harris Account Book, 1853-1856 Series XV: Henry W. Whitlock and Son Daybooks and Ledger, 1839-1846 Series XVI: George W. Williams Journal and Ledger, 1845-1848","Context for Record Type: \nBusiness records, volumes and loose records, are in some cases transferred to the Library of Virginia as components of court record transfers. These business records in some cases were simply stored in the local court building for safekeeping by business owners. In other cases, business records (particularly ledgers, account books, etc.) may have been filed in a court case as an exhibit. These business record exhibits appeared both in chancery causes and in judgments, these records serving as exhibits for business dissolution cases, debt suits, and contract disputes.\n","Locality History: Powhatan County was named for the Indian chieftain who ruled the Native American inhabitants of tidewater Virginia in the early seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added later. Its area is 272 square miles, and the county seat is Powhatan.","Prior to 2024, the various business records in this collection were originally described as individual records, but they have been consolidated into one large business record for the locality.\n","The records in this collection were processed at different times from 2004 and 2009 by Bari Helms and Greg Crawford. Efforts have been taken to identify chancery causes related to these business records as some of these records were used as evidence in court proceedings.\n","Encoded by Sherri Bagley, June 2024"," See also: Powhatan County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1782-1938","Additional Powhatan County (Va.) court records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\" ","Powhatan County (Va.) Business Records, 1788-1891, is comprised of various records created by individuals and companies is pursuit of documenting business activities in and around Powhatan County (Va.). Represented records largerly consists of bound volumes such as ledgers, account box, daybooks, account books and journals. \n","Historical Information: Samuel B. and Francis O. Drake General Store was located in the town of Macon, Virginia, and conducted business during the mid-19th century. The blotter was used as an exhibit in the chancery suit Executor of Francis O. Drake versus Administrator of Samuel B. Drake heard in the Powhatan County Circuit Court.","Scope and Content: Samuel B. and Francis O. Drake Blotter, 1840-1845, a general store, that served as a daybook. It records daily events and transactions in chronological order. Information recorded in the daybook includes date of transaction, name of customer, form of transaction, items purchased, quantity of items purchased, and cost per item. Items sold include clothing, dry-goods, whiskey, candy, shaving soap, shot, gunpowder, combs, and chocolate.","Also see: Powhatan County Chancery Cause, Exr. of Francis O. Drake vs Admr. of Samuel B. Drake, 1850-008. Available Digitally through the Chancery Records Index. ","Historical Information: Cardozo, Oldner, and Company was a partnership formed by John G. Oldner, William H. Cardozo, and James Gallagher on August 6, 1845. The general store was located at Powhatan County Courthouse. The partnership dissolved in the summer of 1846. The sales books were used as exhibits in the chancery suit John G. Oldner, etc. versus William H. Cardozo heard in the Powhatan County Circuit Superior Court of Law and Chancery. \n","Scope and Content: Cardozo, Oldner, and Company Sales Books, 1845-1846, records items sold by the general store. Information recorded includes date of transactions, items sold, quantity of items sold, cost per item, total cost for items. There are two more columns of numbers whose purpose is unknown. Items sold include spices, dry-goods, whiskey, snuff, food, medicine, toiletries, cards, and soda. One sales book records the sale of the store's inventory at a public auction held at the Powhatan County Courthouse. Information recorded includes the name of purchaser, items sold, quantity of items, cost per item, and total amount of cost.","Also see: Powhatan County Chancery Cause, John G. Oldner, etc. vs William H. Cardozo, 1854-016. Available Digitally through the Chancery Records Index. ","Historical Information: The account book was used as an exhibit in the chancery suit Edwin Fleming and wife versus Administrator of Frederick Hicks. It was heard in the Powhatan County Circuit Court. The suit involved the division of Black individuals enslaved by Hicks among his heirs.\n","Scope and Content: John F. Cox Account Book, 1849-1859, records transactions performed by Cox as administrator of Frederick Hicks.","Also see: Powhatan County Chancery Cause, Edwin Fleming and wife vs Admr. of Frederick Hicks, 1859-002. Available Digitally through the Chancery Records Index. ","Historical Information: William Campbell Scott was born in 1809 in Powhatan Company. He attended Hampden-Sydney College in 1823-1827. Scott graduated from University of Virginia Law School in 1829. He was a member of the Virginia House of Delegates in 1837 and 1851. Scott ran as Know-Nothing candidate in 1856 and was defeated. He was a lawyer in Powhatan County, colonel of the 102nd Virginia Militia Regiment, and brigadier general of the 4th Brigade, 1st Division, Virginia Militia. Scott was a member of the Virginia Secession Convention in 1861. He was appointed colonel of the 44th Virginia Infantry on June 14, 1861. He commanded the 44th during the Valley Campaign. Scott resigned his commission of the 44th on January 14, 1863. Scott died in Powhatan County on April 9, 1865. The journal was used as an exhibit in the chancery suits Polly R. Crawford vs. Executor of William C. Scott, etc., James Shipley and wife versus Executor of William C. Scott, etc., Administrator of Cleon A. Crawford, Jr. versus Executor of William C. Scott, etc., and Richard P. Crawford versus Executor of William C. Scott, etc. They were heard together in the Powhatan County Circuit Court. The suits involved Scott's failure to settle his accounts as guardian of Polly R. Crawford, Ellen R. Crawford, Cleon A. Crawford, Jr., and Richard P. Crawford.\n","Scope and Content: William Campbell Scott Journal, 1842-1864, records transactions performed by Scott as trustee for various clients. Information found in journal includes name of clients, date of transactions, type of transaction, and amounts owed and paid. Transactions include the hiring of enslaved individuals. ","Also see: Powhatan County Chancery Cause, Polly C. Crawford vs Exr. of William C. Scott, etc.; James Shipley and wife vs Exr. of William C. Scott, etc.; Admr. of Cleon A. Crawford, Jr. vs Exr. of William C. Scott, etc. and Richard P. Crawford vs Exr. of William C. Scott, etc., 1870-014. Available Digitally through the Chancery Records Index. ","Historical Information: William E. Davis, Joseph B. Davis, and perhaps Benjamin T. Davis operated a general store in Powhatan County, Virginia, during the early 19th century.\n","Scope and Content: Daybook and Ledger of a general store operated by Joseph B. Davis, William E. Davis, and perhaps Benjamin T. Davis. They consist of a daybook, two ledgers and a journal."," Journal, 1830-1832, and two ledgers, 1831-1834, records the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry include date of transaction, items purchased, quantity of items purchased, price of each item, form of payment, amount owed, and amount paid. Forms of payment include cash, credit, barter of goods including fodder, beef, oats, and raw hides, and labor such as killing hogs. Information found in ledger, 1831-1832, was derived from corresponding daybook. Journal and ledgers include an index listing names of customers in alphabetical order and page numbers where their accounts can be found."," Daybook, 1831 July-1832 May, records in chronological order the daily transactions of the Davis general store. Information recorded in the daybook includes date of transaction, name of customer, items purchased, quantity of items purchased, cost of transaction, and amount owed. Merchandise sold include cheese, alcoholic beverages (whisky, perry, rum, brandy), dry-goods, coffee, sugar, fur hats, knives, and almanacs. Information found in daybook was transferred to corresponding ledger.","Historical Information: Elbert Mosby owned a tavern that conducted business in Powhatan County, Virginia, during the early 19th century. \n","Scope and Content: Two account books, 1837-1839, of a tavern owned by Elbert Mosby that record the individual accounts of customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, form of transactions, amount owed, form of payment, and amount paid. Transactions include renting rooms, serving meals, selling drinks, renting buggies, renting stables for horses, and feeding horses. Payments made by cash and credit. The account books also record lists of individuals who attended drinking and dinner events held at the tavern. Information found includes name of individual and if they paid the attendance fee. One volume includes an index that lists names of customers in alphabetical order and page number of customer's account. ","Historical Information: John M. Stratton owned a general store that conducted business in Powhatan County, Virginia, during the mid-19th century. \n","Scope and content: \nDaybook and Ledger of John M. Stratton consist of a daybook and a ledger. ","Daybook, 1853-1854, records transactions on a daily basis. Information recorded in the daybook includes name of customer, date of transactions, items purchased, quantity of items purchased, price of each item, and amount owed. Items sold include medication, alcoholic drinks, dry-goods, spices, cigars, tin buckets, candles, food, and clothing.","Ledger, 1853-1854, records the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry include date of transaction, form of transaction, amount owed, and amount paid. Volume does not contain detailed information regarding items sold by general store. Information found in ledger was derived from corresponding daybook.","Historical Information: Milton P. Atkinson \u0026 Company was a general store that conducted business in Powhatan County, Virginia, during the early 19th century. In 1831, Atkinson sold the store to Joseph B. Davis. \n","Scope and Content: Ledger, 1829-1831, of Milton P. Atkinson \u0026 Company that records the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry include date of transaction, items purchased, quantity of merchandise purchased, cost per item, amount owed, form of payment, and amount paid. Items sold include whiskey, sugar, molasses, shoes, shawls, paper, clothing, and chances for pistols. Payments made by cash, credit, labor, or barter of goods such as corn, bricks, salts, and vinegar.","Historical Information: Scott, Skipwith, and Cardozo was a sawmill owned by William Campbell Scott, William M. Skipwith, and Abram J. Cardozo. It was located in Powhatan County, Virginia, and conducted business during the mid-19th century. \n","Scope and Content: Daybook and Ledger of Scott, Skipwith, and Cardozo, a sawmill located in Powhatan County, consist of a daybook and a ledger.","Daybook, 1854-1855, records daily transactions in chronological order. Information recorded in the daybook includes name of customer, dates of transactions, form of transaction, services rendered such as sawing or hauling lumber, type and quantity of lumber purchased, measurements of lumber purchased, cost of each piece of lumber, form of payment, total amount owed, and total amount paid. Volume also records the hiring out of enslaved people by sawmill. Entries include the name of enslaved individuals, period of time hired, cost per day, and total amount owed. Forms of payment include cash, credit, labor, hiring of out enslaved persons to sawmill, and barter of items such as beef, logs, corn, and meal. Information found in daybook was transferred to corresponding ledger.","Ledger, 1854-1856, records the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each account was derived from daybook.","Historical Information: The unidentified blacksmith shop was perhaps owned by Peter Talbot and conducted business in Powhatan County, Virginia during the mid-19th century. ","Scope and Content: Ledger, 1852-1855, of an unidentified blacksmith shop. It records the individual accounts of customers. Information found in each entry includes name of customer, dates of transactions, services rendered, and the amount owed. Services rendered include shoeing horses; making, repairing, and sharpening farm tools; and repairing buggies. Volume is in poor condition due to missing cover and spine.\n","Historical Information: The unidentified general store conducted business in Powhatan County, Virginia, during the late 19th century. \n","Scope and Content: Account book, 1891, of an unidentified general store that records the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry include dates of transactions, items purchased, forms of payments, quantity of merchandise purchased, amount owed, and amount paid. Items sold include food, umbrellas, alcoholic beverages, gunpowder, shot, dry-goods, spices, clothing, and rock candy. Payments made by cash, credit, labor, or barter of goods such as corn, sumac, and oats.","Historical Information: The unidentified merchant conducted business in Powhatan County, Virginia, during the early 19th century. \n","Daybook, 1804-1806, that records in chronological order the daily transactions of an unidentified merchant. Information recorded in the daybook includes date of transaction, name of customer, items purchased, quantity of items purchased, payment for ferriage of goods, cost of transaction, form of payment, and amount owed and paid. Merchandise sold include oranges, alcoholic drinks (whisky, rum, gin, brandy), dry-goods, powder, shot, candles, shoes, and almanacs. Payments made by cash, credit, and barter of goods sucha as whiskey, brandy, shoes, fodder, and flour. Information found in daybook was transferred to corresponding ledger.","Ledger, 1804-1807, records the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry include date of transaction, form of transaction, amount owed, form of payment, and amount paid. Volume does not contain detailed information regarding items sold by merchant. Rather, it uses general terms such as \"sundries\" and \"merchandise.\" Information found in ledger was derived from daybook. The merchant's customers included free blacks.","Historical Information: The unidentified merchant conducted business in Powhatan County, Virginia, during the early 19th century. \n","Scope and Content: Daybook, 1806-1807, that records in chronological order the daily transactions of an unidentified merchant. Information recorded in the daybook includes date of transaction, name of customer, items purchased, quantity of items purchased, cost of transaction, form of payment, and amount owed and paid. Merchandise sold include opium, alcoholic drinks (whisky, rum, gin, brandy), dry-goods, nails, salt, calf skin, paper, and dishware. Payments made by cash, credit, or barter of goods such as wheat, corn, and butter.","Historical Information: Forlines and Harris was a mercantile partnership formed by Derby B. Forlines and Norborne E. Harris that conducted business in Powhatan County, Virginia between 1853 and 1856. The account book was used as an exhibit in the chancery suits Norborne E. Harris versus Derby B. Forlines and Derby B. Forlines versus Norborne E. Harris heard in the Powhatan County Circuit Court. \n","Scope and Content: Forlines and Harris Account Book, 1853-1856, records the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information recorded in each account includes name of customer, dates of transaction, items purchased, quantity of items purchased, price of each item, form of payment, amount owed, and amount paid. Items sold include toys, food, alcoholic drinks, coffee pots, dry-goods, umbrellas, toiletries, tobacco, knives, clothing, and nuts. Payments made by cash and credit.","Also see: Powhatan County Chancery Cause, Norborne E. Harris vs Derby B. Forlines; Derby B. Forlines vs Norborne E. Harris, 1868-005. Available Digitally through the Chancery Records Index. ","Historical Information: Henry W. Whitlock and his son James M. Whitlock conducted a mercantile business called Henry W. Whitlock and Son in Jefferson, Virginia, from January 1841-January 1843. Prior to 1841, the business was solely owned by Henry W. Whitlock. Forlines and Harris was a mercantile partnership formed by Derby B. The daybooks and ledgers were used as exhibits in the chancery suit Executor of Henry Whitlock versus Frances E. Whitlock, etc., heard in the Powhatan County Circuit Court. \n","Scope and Content: Business records of Henry W. Whitlock and Son consist of two daybooks and a ledger.","Also see: Powhatan Count Chancery Cause, Exr. of Henry Whitlock vs Frances E. Whitlock, etc., 1870-010. Available Digitally through the Chancery Records Index. "," Daybook, 1839-1842, record on a monthly basis transactions of Henry W. Whitlock and Son. Information recorded in the daybooks includes name of customer, dates of transactions, items purchased, quantity of items purchased, price of each item, form of payment, amount owed and paid, and page number of customer's found in corresponding ledger. Merchandise sold include beef, eggs, alcoholic drinks, shoes, dry-goods, marbles, castor oil, nails, flour, oats, and iron. Payments made by cash, credit, and barter of goods such as oats, wheat, corn, and bacon. Information related to entries dated 1841-1842 derived from second daybook."," Daybook, 1841-1842, records on a daily basis transactions of Henry W. Whitlock and Son. Information recorded in the daybook includes name of customer, date of transaction, items purchased, quantity of items purchased, price of each item, form of payment, and amount owed and paid.","Ledger, 1839-1846, records the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry include date of transaction, form of transaction, amount owed, form of payment, and amount paid. Each entry also includes page numbers of transaction found in Daybook, 1839-1842. Some entries state where the customer lived. Volume does not contain detailed information regarding items sold by general store. Rather, it uses the general term \"merchandise.\" Volume also includes miscellaneous loose papers.","Historical Information: George W. Williams owned a general store located in the town of Jefferson, Virginia, and conducted business during the mid-19th century. The journal and ledger were used as exhibits in the chancery suit Binford and Nimms, creditors versus Administrator of George W. Williams, etc., heard in the Powhatan County Circuit Court.\n","Also see: Powhatan County Chancery Cause, Binford \u0026 Nimms, creditors vs George W. Williams, etc., 1868-014. Available Digitally through the Chancery Records Index. "," Journal, 1845-1848, of George W. Williams used as a daybook to record daily transactions in chronological order. Information recorded in the daybook includes date of transaction, name of customer, form of transaction, items purchased, quantity of items purchased, cost per item, form of payment, total amount owed, and total amount paid. Items sold include spices, dry-goods, soap, food, farm equipment, clothing, nails, chairs, and rum. Forms of payment include cash, credit and barter of items such as butter, wheat, bacon, and raw hide. ","Ledger, 1846-1848, records the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry include date of transaction, form of transaction, amount owed, form of payment, and amount paid. Volume does not contain detailed information regarding items sold by merchant. Rather, it uses the term \"merchandise.\" Information found in ledger was derived from journal. Ledger entries include page numbers of corresponding journal where detailed information can be found. Ledger includes an index listing customers' names in alphabetical order and the page number their accounts can be found."," There are no restrictions.\n","Library of Virginia; State Record Center\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":[""],"normalized_title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Business Records, \n1788-1891"],"collection_title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Business Records, \n1788-1891"],"collection_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Business Records, \n1788-1891"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"creator_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in transfers of court papers from Powhatan County in 2011. \n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["."],"extent_ssm":["27 volumes"],"extent_tesim":["27 volumes"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMany of the business volumes are fragile and should not be handled. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eplease check alternative formats for volumes that have been microfiled. Please use microfilm if available\u003c/emph\u003e.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Many of the business volumes are fragile and should not be handled. please check alternative formats for volumes that have been microfiled. Please use microfilm if available .\n"],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003e Please see \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA219\"\u003e Powhatan County Microfilm \u003c/extref\u003e index in the Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm available on the Library of Virginia website for full listing.\u003c/emph\u003e \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSamuel B. and Francis O. Drake Blotter, 1840-1845 is available as microfilm Powhatan County (Va.) Reel 48 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCardozo, Oldner, and Company Sales Books, 1845-1846 is available as microfilm Powhatan County (Va.) Reel 48 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn F. Cox Account Box, 1849-1859 is available as microfilm Powhatan County (Va.) Reel 48 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam Campbell Scott Journal, 1842-1864 is available as microfilm Powhatan County (Va.) Reel 48 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eForlines and Harris Account Book, 1853-1856 is available as microfilm Powhatan County (Va.) Reel 48 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHenry W. Whitlock and Son Daybooks and Ledger, 1839-1846 is available as microfilm Powhatan County (Va.) Reel 48 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeorge W. Williams Journal and Ledger, 1845-1848 is available as microfilm Powhatan County (Va.) Reel 48 \u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternative Form Available\n"],"altformavail_tesim":[" Please see Powhatan County Microfilm index in the Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm available on the Library of Virginia website for full listing.","Samuel B. and Francis O. Drake Blotter, 1840-1845 is available as microfilm Powhatan County (Va.) Reel 48 ","Cardozo, Oldner, and Company Sales Books, 1845-1846 is available as microfilm Powhatan County (Va.) Reel 48 ","John F. Cox Account Box, 1849-1859 is available as microfilm Powhatan County (Va.) Reel 48 ","William Campbell Scott Journal, 1842-1864 is available as microfilm Powhatan County (Va.) Reel 48 ","Forlines and Harris Account Book, 1853-1856 is available as microfilm Powhatan County (Va.) Reel 48 ","Henry W. Whitlock and Son Daybooks and Ledger, 1839-1846 is available as microfilm Powhatan County (Va.) Reel 48 ","George W. Williams Journal and Ledger, 1845-1848 is available as microfilm Powhatan County (Va.) Reel 48 "],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries I: Samuel B. and Francis O. Drake Blotter, 1840-1845\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries II: Cardozo, Oldner, and Company Sales Books, 1845-1846\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries III: John F. Cox Account Book, 1849-1859\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries IV: William Campbell Scott Journal, 1842-1864\u003c/item\u003e \n\u003citem\u003eSeries V: Davis General Store Daybook and Ledger, 1830-1834\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VI: Elbert Mosby Tavern Account Books, 1837-1839\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VII: John M. Stratton Daybook and Ledger, 1853-1854\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VIII: Milton P. Atkinson and Company Ledger, 1829-1831\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries IX: Scott, Skipwith, and Cardozo Daybook and Ledger, 1854-1856\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries X: Unidentified Blacksmith Ledger, 1852-1855\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XI: Unidentified General Store Account Book, 1891\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XII: Unidentified Merchant Daybook and Ledger, 1804-1807\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XIII: Unidentified Merchant Daybook, 1806-1807\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XIV: Forlines and Harris Account Book, 1853-1856\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XV: Henry W. Whitlock and Son Daybooks and Ledger, 1839-1846\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XVI: George W. Williams Journal and Ledger, 1845-1848\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged Series I: Samuel B. and Francis O. Drake Blotter, 1840-1845 Series II: Cardozo, Oldner, and Company Sales Books, 1845-1846 Series III: John F. Cox Account Book, 1849-1859 Series IV: William Campbell Scott Journal, 1842-1864 Series V: Davis General Store Daybook and Ledger, 1830-1834 Series VI: Elbert Mosby Tavern Account Books, 1837-1839 Series VII: John M. Stratton Daybook and Ledger, 1853-1854 Series VIII: Milton P. Atkinson and Company Ledger, 1829-1831 Series IX: Scott, Skipwith, and Cardozo Daybook and Ledger, 1854-1856 Series X: Unidentified Blacksmith Ledger, 1852-1855 Series XI: Unidentified General Store Account Book, 1891 Series XII: Unidentified Merchant Daybook and Ledger, 1804-1807 Series XIII: Unidentified Merchant Daybook, 1806-1807 Series XIV: Forlines and Harris Account Book, 1853-1856 Series XV: Henry W. Whitlock and Son Daybooks and Ledger, 1839-1846 Series XVI: George W. Williams Journal and Ledger, 1845-1848"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Record Type:\u003c/emph\u003e\nBusiness records, volumes and loose records, are in some cases transferred to the Library of Virginia as components of court record transfers. These business records in some cases were simply stored in the local court building for safekeeping by business owners. In other cases, business records (particularly ledgers, account books, etc.) may have been filed in a court case as an exhibit. These business record exhibits appeared both in chancery causes and in judgments, these records serving as exhibits for business dissolution cases, debt suits, and contract disputes.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History:\u003c/emph\u003e Powhatan County was named for the Indian chieftain who ruled the Native American inhabitants of tidewater Virginia in the early seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added later. Its area is 272 square miles, and the county seat is Powhatan.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information \n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Record Type: \nBusiness records, volumes and loose records, are in some cases transferred to the Library of Virginia as components of court record transfers. These business records in some cases were simply stored in the local court building for safekeeping by business owners. In other cases, business records (particularly ledgers, account books, etc.) may have been filed in a court case as an exhibit. These business record exhibits appeared both in chancery causes and in judgments, these records serving as exhibits for business dissolution cases, debt suits, and contract disputes.\n","Locality History: Powhatan County was named for the Indian chieftain who ruled the Native American inhabitants of tidewater Virginia in the early seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added later. Its area is 272 square miles, and the county seat is Powhatan."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Business Record, 1788-1891. [include volume title]. Local government records collection, Powhatan County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Business Record, 1788-1891. [include volume title]. Local government records collection, Powhatan County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePrior to 2024, the various business records in this collection were originally described as individual records, but they have been consolidated into one large business record for the locality.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe records in this collection were processed at different times from 2004 and 2009 by Bari Helms and Greg Crawford. Efforts have been taken to identify chancery causes related to these business records as some of these records were used as evidence in court proceedings.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEncoded by Sherri Bagley, June 2024\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information\n"],"processinfo_tesim":["Prior to 2024, the various business records in this collection were originally described as individual records, but they have been consolidated into one large business record for the locality.\n","The records in this collection were processed at different times from 2004 and 2009 by Bari Helms and Greg Crawford. Efforts have been taken to identify chancery causes related to these business records as some of these records were used as evidence in court proceedings.\n","Encoded by Sherri Bagley, June 2024"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e See also: \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi02418.xml\"\u003e Powhatan County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1782-1938\u003c/extref\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional Powhatan County (Va.) court records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA131\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\" \u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":[" See also: Powhatan County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1782-1938","Additional Powhatan County (Va.) court records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\" "],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Business Records, 1788-1891, is comprised of various records created by individuals and companies is pursuit of documenting business activities in and around Powhatan County (Va.). Represented records largerly consists of bound volumes such as ledgers, account box, daybooks, account books and journals. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003eSamuel B. and Francis O. Drake General Store was located in the town of Macon, Virginia, and conducted business during the mid-19th century. The blotter was used as an exhibit in the chancery suit Executor of Francis O. Drake versus Administrator of Samuel B. Drake heard in the Powhatan County Circuit Court.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eSamuel B. and Francis O. Drake Blotter, 1840-1845, a general store, that served as a daybook. It records daily events and transactions in chronological order. Information recorded in the daybook includes date of transaction, name of customer, form of transaction, items purchased, quantity of items purchased, and cost per item. Items sold include clothing, dry-goods, whiskey, candy, shaving soap, shot, gunpowder, combs, and chocolate.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso see: Powhatan County Chancery Cause, Exr. of Francis O. Drake vs Admr. of Samuel B. Drake, 1850-008. Available Digitally through the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/chancery/case_detail.asp?CFN=145-1850-008\"\u003e Chancery Records Index. \u003c/extref\u003e \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003e Cardozo, Oldner, and Company was a partnership formed by John G. Oldner, William H. Cardozo, and James Gallagher on August 6, 1845. The general store was located at Powhatan County Courthouse. The partnership dissolved in the summer of 1846. The sales books were used as exhibits in the chancery suit John G. Oldner, etc. versus William H. Cardozo heard in the Powhatan County Circuit Superior Court of Law and Chancery. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eCardozo, Oldner, and Company Sales Books, 1845-1846, records items sold by the general store. Information recorded includes date of transactions, items sold, quantity of items sold, cost per item, total cost for items. There are two more columns of numbers whose purpose is unknown. Items sold include spices, dry-goods, whiskey, snuff, food, medicine, toiletries, cards, and soda. One sales book records the sale of the store's inventory at a public auction held at the Powhatan County Courthouse. Information recorded includes the name of purchaser, items sold, quantity of items, cost per item, and total amount of cost.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso see: Powhatan County Chancery Cause, John G. Oldner, etc. vs William H. Cardozo, 1854-016. Available Digitally through the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/chancery/case_detail.asp?CFN=145-1854-016\"\u003e Chancery Records Index. \u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003eThe account book was used as an exhibit in the chancery suit Edwin Fleming and wife versus Administrator of Frederick Hicks. It was heard in the Powhatan County Circuit Court. The suit involved the division of Black individuals enslaved by Hicks among his heirs.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eJohn F. Cox Account Book, 1849-1859, records transactions performed by Cox as administrator of Frederick Hicks.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso see: Powhatan County Chancery Cause, Edwin Fleming and wife vs Admr. of Frederick Hicks, 1859-002. Available Digitally through the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/chancery/case_detail.asp?CFN=145-1859-002\"\u003e Chancery Records Index. \u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003eWilliam Campbell Scott was born in 1809 in Powhatan Company. He attended Hampden-Sydney College in 1823-1827. Scott graduated from University of Virginia Law School in 1829. He was a member of the Virginia House of Delegates in 1837 and 1851. Scott ran as Know-Nothing candidate in 1856 and was defeated. He was a lawyer in Powhatan County, colonel of the 102nd Virginia Militia Regiment, and brigadier general of the 4th Brigade, 1st Division, Virginia Militia. Scott was a member of the Virginia Secession Convention in 1861. He was appointed colonel of the 44th Virginia Infantry on June 14, 1861. He commanded the 44th during the Valley Campaign. Scott resigned his commission of the 44th on January 14, 1863. Scott died in Powhatan County on April 9, 1865. The journal was used as an exhibit in the chancery suits Polly R. Crawford vs. Executor of William C. Scott, etc., James Shipley and wife versus Executor of William C. Scott, etc., Administrator of Cleon A. Crawford, Jr. versus Executor of William C. Scott, etc., and Richard P. Crawford versus Executor of William C. Scott, etc. They were heard together in the Powhatan County Circuit Court. The suits involved Scott's failure to settle his accounts as guardian of Polly R. Crawford, Ellen R. Crawford, Cleon A. Crawford, Jr., and Richard P. Crawford.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eWilliam Campbell Scott Journal, 1842-1864, records transactions performed by Scott as trustee for various clients. Information found in journal includes name of clients, date of transactions, type of transaction, and amounts owed and paid. Transactions include the hiring of enslaved individuals. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso see: Powhatan County Chancery Cause, Polly C. Crawford vs Exr. of William C. Scott, etc.; James Shipley and wife vs Exr. of William C. Scott, etc.; Admr. of Cleon A. Crawford, Jr. vs Exr. of William C. Scott, etc. and Richard P. Crawford vs Exr. of William C. Scott, etc., 1870-014. Available Digitally through the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/chancery/case_detail.asp?CFN=145-1870-014\"\u003e Chancery Records Index. \u003c/extref\u003e \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003eWilliam E. Davis, Joseph B. Davis, and perhaps Benjamin T. Davis operated a general store in Powhatan County, Virginia, during the early 19th century.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eDaybook and Ledger of a general store operated by Joseph B. Davis, William E. Davis, and perhaps Benjamin T. Davis. They consist of a daybook, two ledgers and a journal.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Journal, 1830-1832, and two ledgers, 1831-1834, records the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry include date of transaction, items purchased, quantity of items purchased, price of each item, form of payment, amount owed, and amount paid. Forms of payment include cash, credit, barter of goods including fodder, beef, oats, and raw hides, and labor such as killing hogs. Information found in ledger, 1831-1832, was derived from corresponding daybook. Journal and ledgers include an index listing names of customers in alphabetical order and page numbers where their accounts can be found.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Daybook, 1831 July-1832 May, records in chronological order the daily transactions of the Davis general store. Information recorded in the daybook includes date of transaction, name of customer, items purchased, quantity of items purchased, cost of transaction, and amount owed. Merchandise sold include cheese, alcoholic beverages (whisky, perry, rum, brandy), dry-goods, coffee, sugar, fur hats, knives, and almanacs. Information found in daybook was transferred to corresponding ledger.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003eElbert Mosby owned a tavern that conducted business in Powhatan County, Virginia, during the early 19th century. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eTwo account books, 1837-1839, of a tavern owned by Elbert Mosby that record the individual accounts of customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, form of transactions, amount owed, form of payment, and amount paid. Transactions include renting rooms, serving meals, selling drinks, renting buggies, renting stables for horses, and feeding horses. Payments made by cash and credit. The account books also record lists of individuals who attended drinking and dinner events held at the tavern. Information found includes name of individual and if they paid the attendance fee. One volume includes an index that lists names of customers in alphabetical order and page number of customer's account. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003eJohn M. Stratton owned a general store that conducted business in Powhatan County, Virginia, during the mid-19th century. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and content:\u003c/emph\u003e\nDaybook and Ledger of John M. Stratton consist of a daybook and a ledger. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDaybook, 1853-1854, records transactions on a daily basis. Information recorded in the daybook includes name of customer, date of transactions, items purchased, quantity of items purchased, price of each item, and amount owed. Items sold include medication, alcoholic drinks, dry-goods, spices, cigars, tin buckets, candles, food, and clothing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLedger, 1853-1854, records the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry include date of transaction, form of transaction, amount owed, and amount paid. Volume does not contain detailed information regarding items sold by general store. Information found in ledger was derived from corresponding daybook.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003eMilton P. Atkinson \u0026amp; Company was a general store that conducted business in Powhatan County, Virginia, during the early 19th century. In 1831, Atkinson sold the store to Joseph B. Davis. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eLedger, 1829-1831, of Milton P. Atkinson \u0026amp; Company that records the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry include date of transaction, items purchased, quantity of merchandise purchased, cost per item, amount owed, form of payment, and amount paid. Items sold include whiskey, sugar, molasses, shoes, shawls, paper, clothing, and chances for pistols. Payments made by cash, credit, labor, or barter of goods such as corn, bricks, salts, and vinegar.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003eScott, Skipwith, and Cardozo was a sawmill owned by William Campbell Scott, William M. Skipwith, and Abram J. Cardozo. It was located in Powhatan County, Virginia, and conducted business during the mid-19th century. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003e Daybook and Ledger of Scott, Skipwith, and Cardozo, a sawmill located in Powhatan County, consist of a daybook and a ledger.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDaybook, 1854-1855, records daily transactions in chronological order. Information recorded in the daybook includes name of customer, dates of transactions, form of transaction, services rendered such as sawing or hauling lumber, type and quantity of lumber purchased, measurements of lumber purchased, cost of each piece of lumber, form of payment, total amount owed, and total amount paid. Volume also records the hiring out of enslaved people by sawmill. Entries include the name of enslaved individuals, period of time hired, cost per day, and total amount owed. Forms of payment include cash, credit, labor, hiring of out enslaved persons to sawmill, and barter of items such as beef, logs, corn, and meal. Information found in daybook was transferred to corresponding ledger.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLedger, 1854-1856, records the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each account was derived from daybook.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003eThe unidentified blacksmith shop was perhaps owned by Peter Talbot and conducted business in Powhatan County, Virginia during the mid-19th century. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eLedger, 1852-1855, of an unidentified blacksmith shop. It records the individual accounts of customers. Information found in each entry includes name of customer, dates of transactions, services rendered, and the amount owed. Services rendered include shoeing horses; making, repairing, and sharpening farm tools; and repairing buggies. Volume is in poor condition due to missing cover and spine.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003eThe unidentified general store conducted business in Powhatan County, Virginia, during the late 19th century. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eAccount book, 1891, of an unidentified general store that records the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry include dates of transactions, items purchased, forms of payments, quantity of merchandise purchased, amount owed, and amount paid. Items sold include food, umbrellas, alcoholic beverages, gunpowder, shot, dry-goods, spices, clothing, and rock candy. Payments made by cash, credit, labor, or barter of goods such as corn, sumac, and oats.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003eThe unidentified merchant conducted business in Powhatan County, Virginia, during the early 19th century. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDaybook, 1804-1806, that records in chronological order the daily transactions of an unidentified merchant. Information recorded in the daybook includes date of transaction, name of customer, items purchased, quantity of items purchased, payment for ferriage of goods, cost of transaction, form of payment, and amount owed and paid. Merchandise sold include oranges, alcoholic drinks (whisky, rum, gin, brandy), dry-goods, powder, shot, candles, shoes, and almanacs. Payments made by cash, credit, and barter of goods sucha as whiskey, brandy, shoes, fodder, and flour. Information found in daybook was transferred to corresponding ledger.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLedger, 1804-1807, records the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry include date of transaction, form of transaction, amount owed, form of payment, and amount paid. Volume does not contain detailed information regarding items sold by merchant. Rather, it uses general terms such as \"sundries\" and \"merchandise.\" Information found in ledger was derived from daybook. The merchant's customers included free blacks.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003eThe unidentified merchant conducted business in Powhatan County, Virginia, during the early 19th century. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eDaybook, 1806-1807, that records in chronological order the daily transactions of an unidentified merchant. Information recorded in the daybook includes date of transaction, name of customer, items purchased, quantity of items purchased, cost of transaction, form of payment, and amount owed and paid. Merchandise sold include opium, alcoholic drinks (whisky, rum, gin, brandy), dry-goods, nails, salt, calf skin, paper, and dishware. Payments made by cash, credit, or barter of goods such as wheat, corn, and butter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003eForlines and Harris was a mercantile partnership formed by Derby B. Forlines and Norborne E. Harris that conducted business in Powhatan County, Virginia between 1853 and 1856. The account book was used as an exhibit in the chancery suits Norborne E. Harris versus Derby B. Forlines and Derby B. Forlines versus Norborne E. Harris heard in the Powhatan County Circuit Court. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eForlines and Harris Account Book, 1853-1856, records the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information recorded in each account includes name of customer, dates of transaction, items purchased, quantity of items purchased, price of each item, form of payment, amount owed, and amount paid. Items sold include toys, food, alcoholic drinks, coffee pots, dry-goods, umbrellas, toiletries, tobacco, knives, clothing, and nuts. Payments made by cash and credit.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso see: Powhatan County Chancery Cause, Norborne E. Harris vs Derby B. Forlines; Derby B. Forlines vs Norborne E. Harris, 1868-005. Available Digitally through the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/chancery/case_detail.asp?CFN=145-1868-005\"\u003e Chancery Records Index. \u003c/extref\u003e \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003eHenry W. Whitlock and his son James M. Whitlock conducted a mercantile business called Henry W. Whitlock and Son in Jefferson, Virginia, from January 1841-January 1843. Prior to 1841, the business was solely owned by Henry W. Whitlock. Forlines and Harris was a mercantile partnership formed by Derby B. The daybooks and ledgers were used as exhibits in the chancery suit Executor of Henry Whitlock versus Frances E. Whitlock, etc., heard in the Powhatan County Circuit Court. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eBusiness records of Henry W. Whitlock and Son consist of two daybooks and a ledger.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso see: Powhatan Count Chancery Cause, Exr. of Henry Whitlock vs Frances E. Whitlock, etc., 1870-010. Available Digitally through the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/chancery/case_detail.asp?CFN=145-1870-010\"\u003e Chancery Records Index. \u003c/extref\u003e \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Daybook, 1839-1842, record on a monthly basis transactions of Henry W. Whitlock and Son. Information recorded in the daybooks includes name of customer, dates of transactions, items purchased, quantity of items purchased, price of each item, form of payment, amount owed and paid, and page number of customer's found in corresponding ledger. Merchandise sold include beef, eggs, alcoholic drinks, shoes, dry-goods, marbles, castor oil, nails, flour, oats, and iron. Payments made by cash, credit, and barter of goods such as oats, wheat, corn, and bacon. Information related to entries dated 1841-1842 derived from second daybook.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Daybook, 1841-1842, records on a daily basis transactions of Henry W. Whitlock and Son. Information recorded in the daybook includes name of customer, date of transaction, items purchased, quantity of items purchased, price of each item, form of payment, and amount owed and paid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLedger, 1839-1846, records the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry include date of transaction, form of transaction, amount owed, form of payment, and amount paid. Each entry also includes page numbers of transaction found in Daybook, 1839-1842. Some entries state where the customer lived. Volume does not contain detailed information regarding items sold by general store. Rather, it uses the general term \"merchandise.\" Volume also includes miscellaneous loose papers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003eGeorge W. Williams owned a general store located in the town of Jefferson, Virginia, and conducted business during the mid-19th century. The journal and ledger were used as exhibits in the chancery suit Binford and Nimms, creditors versus Administrator of George W. Williams, etc., heard in the Powhatan County Circuit Court.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso see: Powhatan County Chancery Cause, Binford \u0026amp; Nimms, creditors vs George W. Williams, etc., 1868-014. Available Digitally through the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/chancery/case_detail.asp?CFN=145-1868-014\"\u003e Chancery Records Index. \u003c/extref\u003e \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Journal, 1845-1848, of George W. Williams used as a daybook to record daily transactions in chronological order. Information recorded in the daybook includes date of transaction, name of customer, form of transaction, items purchased, quantity of items purchased, cost per item, form of payment, total amount owed, and total amount paid. Items sold include spices, dry-goods, soap, food, farm equipment, clothing, nails, chairs, and rum. Forms of payment include cash, credit and barter of items such as butter, wheat, bacon, and raw hide. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLedger, 1846-1848, records the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry include date of transaction, form of transaction, amount owed, form of payment, and amount paid. Volume does not contain detailed information regarding items sold by merchant. Rather, it uses the term \"merchandise.\" Information found in ledger was derived from journal. Ledger entries include page numbers of corresponding journal where detailed information can be found. Ledger includes an index listing customers' names in alphabetical order and the page number their accounts can be found.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content \n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Business Records, 1788-1891, is comprised of various records created by individuals and companies is pursuit of documenting business activities in and around Powhatan County (Va.). Represented records largerly consists of bound volumes such as ledgers, account box, daybooks, account books and journals. \n","Historical Information: Samuel B. and Francis O. Drake General Store was located in the town of Macon, Virginia, and conducted business during the mid-19th century. The blotter was used as an exhibit in the chancery suit Executor of Francis O. Drake versus Administrator of Samuel B. Drake heard in the Powhatan County Circuit Court.","Scope and Content: Samuel B. and Francis O. Drake Blotter, 1840-1845, a general store, that served as a daybook. It records daily events and transactions in chronological order. Information recorded in the daybook includes date of transaction, name of customer, form of transaction, items purchased, quantity of items purchased, and cost per item. Items sold include clothing, dry-goods, whiskey, candy, shaving soap, shot, gunpowder, combs, and chocolate.","Also see: Powhatan County Chancery Cause, Exr. of Francis O. Drake vs Admr. of Samuel B. Drake, 1850-008. Available Digitally through the Chancery Records Index. ","Historical Information: Cardozo, Oldner, and Company was a partnership formed by John G. Oldner, William H. Cardozo, and James Gallagher on August 6, 1845. The general store was located at Powhatan County Courthouse. The partnership dissolved in the summer of 1846. The sales books were used as exhibits in the chancery suit John G. Oldner, etc. versus William H. Cardozo heard in the Powhatan County Circuit Superior Court of Law and Chancery. \n","Scope and Content: Cardozo, Oldner, and Company Sales Books, 1845-1846, records items sold by the general store. Information recorded includes date of transactions, items sold, quantity of items sold, cost per item, total cost for items. There are two more columns of numbers whose purpose is unknown. Items sold include spices, dry-goods, whiskey, snuff, food, medicine, toiletries, cards, and soda. One sales book records the sale of the store's inventory at a public auction held at the Powhatan County Courthouse. Information recorded includes the name of purchaser, items sold, quantity of items, cost per item, and total amount of cost.","Also see: Powhatan County Chancery Cause, John G. Oldner, etc. vs William H. Cardozo, 1854-016. Available Digitally through the Chancery Records Index. ","Historical Information: The account book was used as an exhibit in the chancery suit Edwin Fleming and wife versus Administrator of Frederick Hicks. It was heard in the Powhatan County Circuit Court. The suit involved the division of Black individuals enslaved by Hicks among his heirs.\n","Scope and Content: John F. Cox Account Book, 1849-1859, records transactions performed by Cox as administrator of Frederick Hicks.","Also see: Powhatan County Chancery Cause, Edwin Fleming and wife vs Admr. of Frederick Hicks, 1859-002. Available Digitally through the Chancery Records Index. ","Historical Information: William Campbell Scott was born in 1809 in Powhatan Company. He attended Hampden-Sydney College in 1823-1827. Scott graduated from University of Virginia Law School in 1829. He was a member of the Virginia House of Delegates in 1837 and 1851. Scott ran as Know-Nothing candidate in 1856 and was defeated. He was a lawyer in Powhatan County, colonel of the 102nd Virginia Militia Regiment, and brigadier general of the 4th Brigade, 1st Division, Virginia Militia. Scott was a member of the Virginia Secession Convention in 1861. He was appointed colonel of the 44th Virginia Infantry on June 14, 1861. He commanded the 44th during the Valley Campaign. Scott resigned his commission of the 44th on January 14, 1863. Scott died in Powhatan County on April 9, 1865. The journal was used as an exhibit in the chancery suits Polly R. Crawford vs. Executor of William C. Scott, etc., James Shipley and wife versus Executor of William C. Scott, etc., Administrator of Cleon A. Crawford, Jr. versus Executor of William C. Scott, etc., and Richard P. Crawford versus Executor of William C. Scott, etc. They were heard together in the Powhatan County Circuit Court. The suits involved Scott's failure to settle his accounts as guardian of Polly R. Crawford, Ellen R. Crawford, Cleon A. Crawford, Jr., and Richard P. Crawford.\n","Scope and Content: William Campbell Scott Journal, 1842-1864, records transactions performed by Scott as trustee for various clients. Information found in journal includes name of clients, date of transactions, type of transaction, and amounts owed and paid. Transactions include the hiring of enslaved individuals. ","Also see: Powhatan County Chancery Cause, Polly C. Crawford vs Exr. of William C. Scott, etc.; James Shipley and wife vs Exr. of William C. Scott, etc.; Admr. of Cleon A. Crawford, Jr. vs Exr. of William C. Scott, etc. and Richard P. Crawford vs Exr. of William C. Scott, etc., 1870-014. Available Digitally through the Chancery Records Index. ","Historical Information: William E. Davis, Joseph B. Davis, and perhaps Benjamin T. Davis operated a general store in Powhatan County, Virginia, during the early 19th century.\n","Scope and Content: Daybook and Ledger of a general store operated by Joseph B. Davis, William E. Davis, and perhaps Benjamin T. Davis. They consist of a daybook, two ledgers and a journal."," Journal, 1830-1832, and two ledgers, 1831-1834, records the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry include date of transaction, items purchased, quantity of items purchased, price of each item, form of payment, amount owed, and amount paid. Forms of payment include cash, credit, barter of goods including fodder, beef, oats, and raw hides, and labor such as killing hogs. Information found in ledger, 1831-1832, was derived from corresponding daybook. Journal and ledgers include an index listing names of customers in alphabetical order and page numbers where their accounts can be found."," Daybook, 1831 July-1832 May, records in chronological order the daily transactions of the Davis general store. Information recorded in the daybook includes date of transaction, name of customer, items purchased, quantity of items purchased, cost of transaction, and amount owed. Merchandise sold include cheese, alcoholic beverages (whisky, perry, rum, brandy), dry-goods, coffee, sugar, fur hats, knives, and almanacs. Information found in daybook was transferred to corresponding ledger.","Historical Information: Elbert Mosby owned a tavern that conducted business in Powhatan County, Virginia, during the early 19th century. \n","Scope and Content: Two account books, 1837-1839, of a tavern owned by Elbert Mosby that record the individual accounts of customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, form of transactions, amount owed, form of payment, and amount paid. Transactions include renting rooms, serving meals, selling drinks, renting buggies, renting stables for horses, and feeding horses. Payments made by cash and credit. The account books also record lists of individuals who attended drinking and dinner events held at the tavern. Information found includes name of individual and if they paid the attendance fee. One volume includes an index that lists names of customers in alphabetical order and page number of customer's account. ","Historical Information: John M. Stratton owned a general store that conducted business in Powhatan County, Virginia, during the mid-19th century. \n","Scope and content: \nDaybook and Ledger of John M. Stratton consist of a daybook and a ledger. ","Daybook, 1853-1854, records transactions on a daily basis. Information recorded in the daybook includes name of customer, date of transactions, items purchased, quantity of items purchased, price of each item, and amount owed. Items sold include medication, alcoholic drinks, dry-goods, spices, cigars, tin buckets, candles, food, and clothing.","Ledger, 1853-1854, records the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry include date of transaction, form of transaction, amount owed, and amount paid. Volume does not contain detailed information regarding items sold by general store. Information found in ledger was derived from corresponding daybook.","Historical Information: Milton P. Atkinson \u0026 Company was a general store that conducted business in Powhatan County, Virginia, during the early 19th century. In 1831, Atkinson sold the store to Joseph B. Davis. \n","Scope and Content: Ledger, 1829-1831, of Milton P. Atkinson \u0026 Company that records the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry include date of transaction, items purchased, quantity of merchandise purchased, cost per item, amount owed, form of payment, and amount paid. Items sold include whiskey, sugar, molasses, shoes, shawls, paper, clothing, and chances for pistols. Payments made by cash, credit, labor, or barter of goods such as corn, bricks, salts, and vinegar.","Historical Information: Scott, Skipwith, and Cardozo was a sawmill owned by William Campbell Scott, William M. Skipwith, and Abram J. Cardozo. It was located in Powhatan County, Virginia, and conducted business during the mid-19th century. \n","Scope and Content: Daybook and Ledger of Scott, Skipwith, and Cardozo, a sawmill located in Powhatan County, consist of a daybook and a ledger.","Daybook, 1854-1855, records daily transactions in chronological order. Information recorded in the daybook includes name of customer, dates of transactions, form of transaction, services rendered such as sawing or hauling lumber, type and quantity of lumber purchased, measurements of lumber purchased, cost of each piece of lumber, form of payment, total amount owed, and total amount paid. Volume also records the hiring out of enslaved people by sawmill. Entries include the name of enslaved individuals, period of time hired, cost per day, and total amount owed. Forms of payment include cash, credit, labor, hiring of out enslaved persons to sawmill, and barter of items such as beef, logs, corn, and meal. Information found in daybook was transferred to corresponding ledger.","Ledger, 1854-1856, records the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each account was derived from daybook.","Historical Information: The unidentified blacksmith shop was perhaps owned by Peter Talbot and conducted business in Powhatan County, Virginia during the mid-19th century. ","Scope and Content: Ledger, 1852-1855, of an unidentified blacksmith shop. It records the individual accounts of customers. Information found in each entry includes name of customer, dates of transactions, services rendered, and the amount owed. Services rendered include shoeing horses; making, repairing, and sharpening farm tools; and repairing buggies. Volume is in poor condition due to missing cover and spine.\n","Historical Information: The unidentified general store conducted business in Powhatan County, Virginia, during the late 19th century. \n","Scope and Content: Account book, 1891, of an unidentified general store that records the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry include dates of transactions, items purchased, forms of payments, quantity of merchandise purchased, amount owed, and amount paid. Items sold include food, umbrellas, alcoholic beverages, gunpowder, shot, dry-goods, spices, clothing, and rock candy. Payments made by cash, credit, labor, or barter of goods such as corn, sumac, and oats.","Historical Information: The unidentified merchant conducted business in Powhatan County, Virginia, during the early 19th century. \n","Daybook, 1804-1806, that records in chronological order the daily transactions of an unidentified merchant. Information recorded in the daybook includes date of transaction, name of customer, items purchased, quantity of items purchased, payment for ferriage of goods, cost of transaction, form of payment, and amount owed and paid. Merchandise sold include oranges, alcoholic drinks (whisky, rum, gin, brandy), dry-goods, powder, shot, candles, shoes, and almanacs. Payments made by cash, credit, and barter of goods sucha as whiskey, brandy, shoes, fodder, and flour. Information found in daybook was transferred to corresponding ledger.","Ledger, 1804-1807, records the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry include date of transaction, form of transaction, amount owed, form of payment, and amount paid. Volume does not contain detailed information regarding items sold by merchant. Rather, it uses general terms such as \"sundries\" and \"merchandise.\" Information found in ledger was derived from daybook. The merchant's customers included free blacks.","Historical Information: The unidentified merchant conducted business in Powhatan County, Virginia, during the early 19th century. \n","Scope and Content: Daybook, 1806-1807, that records in chronological order the daily transactions of an unidentified merchant. Information recorded in the daybook includes date of transaction, name of customer, items purchased, quantity of items purchased, cost of transaction, form of payment, and amount owed and paid. Merchandise sold include opium, alcoholic drinks (whisky, rum, gin, brandy), dry-goods, nails, salt, calf skin, paper, and dishware. Payments made by cash, credit, or barter of goods such as wheat, corn, and butter.","Historical Information: Forlines and Harris was a mercantile partnership formed by Derby B. Forlines and Norborne E. Harris that conducted business in Powhatan County, Virginia between 1853 and 1856. The account book was used as an exhibit in the chancery suits Norborne E. Harris versus Derby B. Forlines and Derby B. Forlines versus Norborne E. Harris heard in the Powhatan County Circuit Court. \n","Scope and Content: Forlines and Harris Account Book, 1853-1856, records the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information recorded in each account includes name of customer, dates of transaction, items purchased, quantity of items purchased, price of each item, form of payment, amount owed, and amount paid. Items sold include toys, food, alcoholic drinks, coffee pots, dry-goods, umbrellas, toiletries, tobacco, knives, clothing, and nuts. Payments made by cash and credit.","Also see: Powhatan County Chancery Cause, Norborne E. Harris vs Derby B. Forlines; Derby B. Forlines vs Norborne E. Harris, 1868-005. Available Digitally through the Chancery Records Index. ","Historical Information: Henry W. Whitlock and his son James M. Whitlock conducted a mercantile business called Henry W. Whitlock and Son in Jefferson, Virginia, from January 1841-January 1843. Prior to 1841, the business was solely owned by Henry W. Whitlock. Forlines and Harris was a mercantile partnership formed by Derby B. The daybooks and ledgers were used as exhibits in the chancery suit Executor of Henry Whitlock versus Frances E. Whitlock, etc., heard in the Powhatan County Circuit Court. \n","Scope and Content: Business records of Henry W. Whitlock and Son consist of two daybooks and a ledger.","Also see: Powhatan Count Chancery Cause, Exr. of Henry Whitlock vs Frances E. Whitlock, etc., 1870-010. Available Digitally through the Chancery Records Index. "," Daybook, 1839-1842, record on a monthly basis transactions of Henry W. Whitlock and Son. Information recorded in the daybooks includes name of customer, dates of transactions, items purchased, quantity of items purchased, price of each item, form of payment, amount owed and paid, and page number of customer's found in corresponding ledger. Merchandise sold include beef, eggs, alcoholic drinks, shoes, dry-goods, marbles, castor oil, nails, flour, oats, and iron. Payments made by cash, credit, and barter of goods such as oats, wheat, corn, and bacon. Information related to entries dated 1841-1842 derived from second daybook."," Daybook, 1841-1842, records on a daily basis transactions of Henry W. Whitlock and Son. Information recorded in the daybook includes name of customer, date of transaction, items purchased, quantity of items purchased, price of each item, form of payment, and amount owed and paid.","Ledger, 1839-1846, records the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry include date of transaction, form of transaction, amount owed, form of payment, and amount paid. Each entry also includes page numbers of transaction found in Daybook, 1839-1842. Some entries state where the customer lived. Volume does not contain detailed information regarding items sold by general store. Rather, it uses the general term \"merchandise.\" Volume also includes miscellaneous loose papers.","Historical Information: George W. Williams owned a general store located in the town of Jefferson, Virginia, and conducted business during the mid-19th century. The journal and ledger were used as exhibits in the chancery suit Binford and Nimms, creditors versus Administrator of George W. Williams, etc., heard in the Powhatan County Circuit Court.\n","Also see: Powhatan County Chancery Cause, Binford \u0026 Nimms, creditors vs George W. Williams, etc., 1868-014. Available Digitally through the Chancery Records Index. "," Journal, 1845-1848, of George W. Williams used as a daybook to record daily transactions in chronological order. Information recorded in the daybook includes date of transaction, name of customer, form of transaction, items purchased, quantity of items purchased, cost per item, form of payment, total amount owed, and total amount paid. Items sold include spices, dry-goods, soap, food, farm equipment, clothing, nails, chairs, and rum. Forms of payment include cash, credit and barter of items such as butter, wheat, bacon, and raw hide. ","Ledger, 1846-1848, records the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry include date of transaction, form of transaction, amount owed, form of payment, and amount paid. Volume does not contain detailed information regarding items sold by merchant. Rather, it uses the term \"merchandise.\" Information found in ledger was derived from journal. Ledger entries include page numbers of corresponding journal where detailed information can be found. Ledger includes an index listing customers' names in alphabetical order and the page number their accounts can be found."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e There are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":[" There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia; State Record Center\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia; State Record Center\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":43,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T09:35:13.751Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi02998","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02998","_root_":"vi_vi02998","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02998","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi02998.xml","title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Business Records, \n1788-1891"],"title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Business Records, \n1788-1891"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":[""],"text":["","Powhatan County (Va.) Business Records, \n1788-1891",".","Many of the business volumes are fragile and should not be handled. please check alternative formats for volumes that have been microfiled. Please use microfilm if available .\n"," Please see Powhatan County Microfilm index in the Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm available on the Library of Virginia website for full listing.","Samuel B. and Francis O. Drake Blotter, 1840-1845 is available as microfilm Powhatan County (Va.) Reel 48 ","Cardozo, Oldner, and Company Sales Books, 1845-1846 is available as microfilm Powhatan County (Va.) Reel 48 ","John F. Cox Account Box, 1849-1859 is available as microfilm Powhatan County (Va.) Reel 48 ","William Campbell Scott Journal, 1842-1864 is available as microfilm Powhatan County (Va.) Reel 48 ","Forlines and Harris Account Book, 1853-1856 is available as microfilm Powhatan County (Va.) Reel 48 ","Henry W. Whitlock and Son Daybooks and Ledger, 1839-1846 is available as microfilm Powhatan County (Va.) Reel 48 ","George W. Williams Journal and Ledger, 1845-1848 is available as microfilm Powhatan County (Va.) Reel 48 ","This collection is arranged Series I: Samuel B. and Francis O. Drake Blotter, 1840-1845 Series II: Cardozo, Oldner, and Company Sales Books, 1845-1846 Series III: John F. Cox Account Book, 1849-1859 Series IV: William Campbell Scott Journal, 1842-1864 Series V: Davis General Store Daybook and Ledger, 1830-1834 Series VI: Elbert Mosby Tavern Account Books, 1837-1839 Series VII: John M. Stratton Daybook and Ledger, 1853-1854 Series VIII: Milton P. Atkinson and Company Ledger, 1829-1831 Series IX: Scott, Skipwith, and Cardozo Daybook and Ledger, 1854-1856 Series X: Unidentified Blacksmith Ledger, 1852-1855 Series XI: Unidentified General Store Account Book, 1891 Series XII: Unidentified Merchant Daybook and Ledger, 1804-1807 Series XIII: Unidentified Merchant Daybook, 1806-1807 Series XIV: Forlines and Harris Account Book, 1853-1856 Series XV: Henry W. Whitlock and Son Daybooks and Ledger, 1839-1846 Series XVI: George W. Williams Journal and Ledger, 1845-1848","Context for Record Type: \nBusiness records, volumes and loose records, are in some cases transferred to the Library of Virginia as components of court record transfers. These business records in some cases were simply stored in the local court building for safekeeping by business owners. In other cases, business records (particularly ledgers, account books, etc.) may have been filed in a court case as an exhibit. These business record exhibits appeared both in chancery causes and in judgments, these records serving as exhibits for business dissolution cases, debt suits, and contract disputes.\n","Locality History: Powhatan County was named for the Indian chieftain who ruled the Native American inhabitants of tidewater Virginia in the early seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added later. Its area is 272 square miles, and the county seat is Powhatan.","Prior to 2024, the various business records in this collection were originally described as individual records, but they have been consolidated into one large business record for the locality.\n","The records in this collection were processed at different times from 2004 and 2009 by Bari Helms and Greg Crawford. Efforts have been taken to identify chancery causes related to these business records as some of these records were used as evidence in court proceedings.\n","Encoded by Sherri Bagley, June 2024"," See also: Powhatan County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1782-1938","Additional Powhatan County (Va.) court records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\" ","Powhatan County (Va.) Business Records, 1788-1891, is comprised of various records created by individuals and companies is pursuit of documenting business activities in and around Powhatan County (Va.). Represented records largerly consists of bound volumes such as ledgers, account box, daybooks, account books and journals. \n","Historical Information: Samuel B. and Francis O. Drake General Store was located in the town of Macon, Virginia, and conducted business during the mid-19th century. The blotter was used as an exhibit in the chancery suit Executor of Francis O. Drake versus Administrator of Samuel B. Drake heard in the Powhatan County Circuit Court.","Scope and Content: Samuel B. and Francis O. Drake Blotter, 1840-1845, a general store, that served as a daybook. It records daily events and transactions in chronological order. Information recorded in the daybook includes date of transaction, name of customer, form of transaction, items purchased, quantity of items purchased, and cost per item. Items sold include clothing, dry-goods, whiskey, candy, shaving soap, shot, gunpowder, combs, and chocolate.","Also see: Powhatan County Chancery Cause, Exr. of Francis O. Drake vs Admr. of Samuel B. Drake, 1850-008. Available Digitally through the Chancery Records Index. ","Historical Information: Cardozo, Oldner, and Company was a partnership formed by John G. Oldner, William H. Cardozo, and James Gallagher on August 6, 1845. The general store was located at Powhatan County Courthouse. The partnership dissolved in the summer of 1846. The sales books were used as exhibits in the chancery suit John G. Oldner, etc. versus William H. Cardozo heard in the Powhatan County Circuit Superior Court of Law and Chancery. \n","Scope and Content: Cardozo, Oldner, and Company Sales Books, 1845-1846, records items sold by the general store. Information recorded includes date of transactions, items sold, quantity of items sold, cost per item, total cost for items. There are two more columns of numbers whose purpose is unknown. Items sold include spices, dry-goods, whiskey, snuff, food, medicine, toiletries, cards, and soda. One sales book records the sale of the store's inventory at a public auction held at the Powhatan County Courthouse. Information recorded includes the name of purchaser, items sold, quantity of items, cost per item, and total amount of cost.","Also see: Powhatan County Chancery Cause, John G. Oldner, etc. vs William H. Cardozo, 1854-016. Available Digitally through the Chancery Records Index. ","Historical Information: The account book was used as an exhibit in the chancery suit Edwin Fleming and wife versus Administrator of Frederick Hicks. It was heard in the Powhatan County Circuit Court. The suit involved the division of Black individuals enslaved by Hicks among his heirs.\n","Scope and Content: John F. Cox Account Book, 1849-1859, records transactions performed by Cox as administrator of Frederick Hicks.","Also see: Powhatan County Chancery Cause, Edwin Fleming and wife vs Admr. of Frederick Hicks, 1859-002. Available Digitally through the Chancery Records Index. ","Historical Information: William Campbell Scott was born in 1809 in Powhatan Company. He attended Hampden-Sydney College in 1823-1827. Scott graduated from University of Virginia Law School in 1829. He was a member of the Virginia House of Delegates in 1837 and 1851. Scott ran as Know-Nothing candidate in 1856 and was defeated. He was a lawyer in Powhatan County, colonel of the 102nd Virginia Militia Regiment, and brigadier general of the 4th Brigade, 1st Division, Virginia Militia. Scott was a member of the Virginia Secession Convention in 1861. He was appointed colonel of the 44th Virginia Infantry on June 14, 1861. He commanded the 44th during the Valley Campaign. Scott resigned his commission of the 44th on January 14, 1863. Scott died in Powhatan County on April 9, 1865. The journal was used as an exhibit in the chancery suits Polly R. Crawford vs. Executor of William C. Scott, etc., James Shipley and wife versus Executor of William C. Scott, etc., Administrator of Cleon A. Crawford, Jr. versus Executor of William C. Scott, etc., and Richard P. Crawford versus Executor of William C. Scott, etc. They were heard together in the Powhatan County Circuit Court. The suits involved Scott's failure to settle his accounts as guardian of Polly R. Crawford, Ellen R. Crawford, Cleon A. Crawford, Jr., and Richard P. Crawford.\n","Scope and Content: William Campbell Scott Journal, 1842-1864, records transactions performed by Scott as trustee for various clients. Information found in journal includes name of clients, date of transactions, type of transaction, and amounts owed and paid. Transactions include the hiring of enslaved individuals. ","Also see: Powhatan County Chancery Cause, Polly C. Crawford vs Exr. of William C. Scott, etc.; James Shipley and wife vs Exr. of William C. Scott, etc.; Admr. of Cleon A. Crawford, Jr. vs Exr. of William C. Scott, etc. and Richard P. Crawford vs Exr. of William C. Scott, etc., 1870-014. Available Digitally through the Chancery Records Index. ","Historical Information: William E. Davis, Joseph B. Davis, and perhaps Benjamin T. Davis operated a general store in Powhatan County, Virginia, during the early 19th century.\n","Scope and Content: Daybook and Ledger of a general store operated by Joseph B. Davis, William E. Davis, and perhaps Benjamin T. Davis. They consist of a daybook, two ledgers and a journal."," Journal, 1830-1832, and two ledgers, 1831-1834, records the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry include date of transaction, items purchased, quantity of items purchased, price of each item, form of payment, amount owed, and amount paid. Forms of payment include cash, credit, barter of goods including fodder, beef, oats, and raw hides, and labor such as killing hogs. Information found in ledger, 1831-1832, was derived from corresponding daybook. Journal and ledgers include an index listing names of customers in alphabetical order and page numbers where their accounts can be found."," Daybook, 1831 July-1832 May, records in chronological order the daily transactions of the Davis general store. Information recorded in the daybook includes date of transaction, name of customer, items purchased, quantity of items purchased, cost of transaction, and amount owed. Merchandise sold include cheese, alcoholic beverages (whisky, perry, rum, brandy), dry-goods, coffee, sugar, fur hats, knives, and almanacs. Information found in daybook was transferred to corresponding ledger.","Historical Information: Elbert Mosby owned a tavern that conducted business in Powhatan County, Virginia, during the early 19th century. \n","Scope and Content: Two account books, 1837-1839, of a tavern owned by Elbert Mosby that record the individual accounts of customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, form of transactions, amount owed, form of payment, and amount paid. Transactions include renting rooms, serving meals, selling drinks, renting buggies, renting stables for horses, and feeding horses. Payments made by cash and credit. The account books also record lists of individuals who attended drinking and dinner events held at the tavern. Information found includes name of individual and if they paid the attendance fee. One volume includes an index that lists names of customers in alphabetical order and page number of customer's account. ","Historical Information: John M. Stratton owned a general store that conducted business in Powhatan County, Virginia, during the mid-19th century. \n","Scope and content: \nDaybook and Ledger of John M. Stratton consist of a daybook and a ledger. ","Daybook, 1853-1854, records transactions on a daily basis. Information recorded in the daybook includes name of customer, date of transactions, items purchased, quantity of items purchased, price of each item, and amount owed. Items sold include medication, alcoholic drinks, dry-goods, spices, cigars, tin buckets, candles, food, and clothing.","Ledger, 1853-1854, records the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry include date of transaction, form of transaction, amount owed, and amount paid. Volume does not contain detailed information regarding items sold by general store. Information found in ledger was derived from corresponding daybook.","Historical Information: Milton P. Atkinson \u0026 Company was a general store that conducted business in Powhatan County, Virginia, during the early 19th century. In 1831, Atkinson sold the store to Joseph B. Davis. \n","Scope and Content: Ledger, 1829-1831, of Milton P. Atkinson \u0026 Company that records the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry include date of transaction, items purchased, quantity of merchandise purchased, cost per item, amount owed, form of payment, and amount paid. Items sold include whiskey, sugar, molasses, shoes, shawls, paper, clothing, and chances for pistols. Payments made by cash, credit, labor, or barter of goods such as corn, bricks, salts, and vinegar.","Historical Information: Scott, Skipwith, and Cardozo was a sawmill owned by William Campbell Scott, William M. Skipwith, and Abram J. Cardozo. It was located in Powhatan County, Virginia, and conducted business during the mid-19th century. \n","Scope and Content: Daybook and Ledger of Scott, Skipwith, and Cardozo, a sawmill located in Powhatan County, consist of a daybook and a ledger.","Daybook, 1854-1855, records daily transactions in chronological order. Information recorded in the daybook includes name of customer, dates of transactions, form of transaction, services rendered such as sawing or hauling lumber, type and quantity of lumber purchased, measurements of lumber purchased, cost of each piece of lumber, form of payment, total amount owed, and total amount paid. Volume also records the hiring out of enslaved people by sawmill. Entries include the name of enslaved individuals, period of time hired, cost per day, and total amount owed. Forms of payment include cash, credit, labor, hiring of out enslaved persons to sawmill, and barter of items such as beef, logs, corn, and meal. Information found in daybook was transferred to corresponding ledger.","Ledger, 1854-1856, records the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each account was derived from daybook.","Historical Information: The unidentified blacksmith shop was perhaps owned by Peter Talbot and conducted business in Powhatan County, Virginia during the mid-19th century. ","Scope and Content: Ledger, 1852-1855, of an unidentified blacksmith shop. It records the individual accounts of customers. Information found in each entry includes name of customer, dates of transactions, services rendered, and the amount owed. Services rendered include shoeing horses; making, repairing, and sharpening farm tools; and repairing buggies. Volume is in poor condition due to missing cover and spine.\n","Historical Information: The unidentified general store conducted business in Powhatan County, Virginia, during the late 19th century. \n","Scope and Content: Account book, 1891, of an unidentified general store that records the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry include dates of transactions, items purchased, forms of payments, quantity of merchandise purchased, amount owed, and amount paid. Items sold include food, umbrellas, alcoholic beverages, gunpowder, shot, dry-goods, spices, clothing, and rock candy. Payments made by cash, credit, labor, or barter of goods such as corn, sumac, and oats.","Historical Information: The unidentified merchant conducted business in Powhatan County, Virginia, during the early 19th century. \n","Daybook, 1804-1806, that records in chronological order the daily transactions of an unidentified merchant. Information recorded in the daybook includes date of transaction, name of customer, items purchased, quantity of items purchased, payment for ferriage of goods, cost of transaction, form of payment, and amount owed and paid. Merchandise sold include oranges, alcoholic drinks (whisky, rum, gin, brandy), dry-goods, powder, shot, candles, shoes, and almanacs. Payments made by cash, credit, and barter of goods sucha as whiskey, brandy, shoes, fodder, and flour. Information found in daybook was transferred to corresponding ledger.","Ledger, 1804-1807, records the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry include date of transaction, form of transaction, amount owed, form of payment, and amount paid. Volume does not contain detailed information regarding items sold by merchant. Rather, it uses general terms such as \"sundries\" and \"merchandise.\" Information found in ledger was derived from daybook. The merchant's customers included free blacks.","Historical Information: The unidentified merchant conducted business in Powhatan County, Virginia, during the early 19th century. \n","Scope and Content: Daybook, 1806-1807, that records in chronological order the daily transactions of an unidentified merchant. Information recorded in the daybook includes date of transaction, name of customer, items purchased, quantity of items purchased, cost of transaction, form of payment, and amount owed and paid. Merchandise sold include opium, alcoholic drinks (whisky, rum, gin, brandy), dry-goods, nails, salt, calf skin, paper, and dishware. Payments made by cash, credit, or barter of goods such as wheat, corn, and butter.","Historical Information: Forlines and Harris was a mercantile partnership formed by Derby B. Forlines and Norborne E. Harris that conducted business in Powhatan County, Virginia between 1853 and 1856. The account book was used as an exhibit in the chancery suits Norborne E. Harris versus Derby B. Forlines and Derby B. Forlines versus Norborne E. Harris heard in the Powhatan County Circuit Court. \n","Scope and Content: Forlines and Harris Account Book, 1853-1856, records the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information recorded in each account includes name of customer, dates of transaction, items purchased, quantity of items purchased, price of each item, form of payment, amount owed, and amount paid. Items sold include toys, food, alcoholic drinks, coffee pots, dry-goods, umbrellas, toiletries, tobacco, knives, clothing, and nuts. Payments made by cash and credit.","Also see: Powhatan County Chancery Cause, Norborne E. Harris vs Derby B. Forlines; Derby B. Forlines vs Norborne E. Harris, 1868-005. Available Digitally through the Chancery Records Index. ","Historical Information: Henry W. Whitlock and his son James M. Whitlock conducted a mercantile business called Henry W. Whitlock and Son in Jefferson, Virginia, from January 1841-January 1843. Prior to 1841, the business was solely owned by Henry W. Whitlock. Forlines and Harris was a mercantile partnership formed by Derby B. The daybooks and ledgers were used as exhibits in the chancery suit Executor of Henry Whitlock versus Frances E. Whitlock, etc., heard in the Powhatan County Circuit Court. \n","Scope and Content: Business records of Henry W. Whitlock and Son consist of two daybooks and a ledger.","Also see: Powhatan Count Chancery Cause, Exr. of Henry Whitlock vs Frances E. Whitlock, etc., 1870-010. Available Digitally through the Chancery Records Index. "," Daybook, 1839-1842, record on a monthly basis transactions of Henry W. Whitlock and Son. Information recorded in the daybooks includes name of customer, dates of transactions, items purchased, quantity of items purchased, price of each item, form of payment, amount owed and paid, and page number of customer's found in corresponding ledger. Merchandise sold include beef, eggs, alcoholic drinks, shoes, dry-goods, marbles, castor oil, nails, flour, oats, and iron. Payments made by cash, credit, and barter of goods such as oats, wheat, corn, and bacon. Information related to entries dated 1841-1842 derived from second daybook."," Daybook, 1841-1842, records on a daily basis transactions of Henry W. Whitlock and Son. Information recorded in the daybook includes name of customer, date of transaction, items purchased, quantity of items purchased, price of each item, form of payment, and amount owed and paid.","Ledger, 1839-1846, records the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry include date of transaction, form of transaction, amount owed, form of payment, and amount paid. Each entry also includes page numbers of transaction found in Daybook, 1839-1842. Some entries state where the customer lived. Volume does not contain detailed information regarding items sold by general store. Rather, it uses the general term \"merchandise.\" Volume also includes miscellaneous loose papers.","Historical Information: George W. Williams owned a general store located in the town of Jefferson, Virginia, and conducted business during the mid-19th century. The journal and ledger were used as exhibits in the chancery suit Binford and Nimms, creditors versus Administrator of George W. Williams, etc., heard in the Powhatan County Circuit Court.\n","Also see: Powhatan County Chancery Cause, Binford \u0026 Nimms, creditors vs George W. Williams, etc., 1868-014. Available Digitally through the Chancery Records Index. "," Journal, 1845-1848, of George W. Williams used as a daybook to record daily transactions in chronological order. Information recorded in the daybook includes date of transaction, name of customer, form of transaction, items purchased, quantity of items purchased, cost per item, form of payment, total amount owed, and total amount paid. Items sold include spices, dry-goods, soap, food, farm equipment, clothing, nails, chairs, and rum. Forms of payment include cash, credit and barter of items such as butter, wheat, bacon, and raw hide. ","Ledger, 1846-1848, records the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry include date of transaction, form of transaction, amount owed, form of payment, and amount paid. Volume does not contain detailed information regarding items sold by merchant. Rather, it uses the term \"merchandise.\" Information found in ledger was derived from journal. Ledger entries include page numbers of corresponding journal where detailed information can be found. Ledger includes an index listing customers' names in alphabetical order and the page number their accounts can be found."," There are no restrictions.\n","Library of Virginia; State Record Center\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":[""],"normalized_title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Business Records, \n1788-1891"],"collection_title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Business Records, \n1788-1891"],"collection_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Business Records, \n1788-1891"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"creator_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in transfers of court papers from Powhatan County in 2011. \n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["."],"extent_ssm":["27 volumes"],"extent_tesim":["27 volumes"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMany of the business volumes are fragile and should not be handled. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eplease check alternative formats for volumes that have been microfiled. Please use microfilm if available\u003c/emph\u003e.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Many of the business volumes are fragile and should not be handled. please check alternative formats for volumes that have been microfiled. Please use microfilm if available .\n"],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003e Please see \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA219\"\u003e Powhatan County Microfilm \u003c/extref\u003e index in the Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm available on the Library of Virginia website for full listing.\u003c/emph\u003e \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSamuel B. and Francis O. Drake Blotter, 1840-1845 is available as microfilm Powhatan County (Va.) Reel 48 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCardozo, Oldner, and Company Sales Books, 1845-1846 is available as microfilm Powhatan County (Va.) Reel 48 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn F. Cox Account Box, 1849-1859 is available as microfilm Powhatan County (Va.) Reel 48 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam Campbell Scott Journal, 1842-1864 is available as microfilm Powhatan County (Va.) Reel 48 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eForlines and Harris Account Book, 1853-1856 is available as microfilm Powhatan County (Va.) Reel 48 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHenry W. Whitlock and Son Daybooks and Ledger, 1839-1846 is available as microfilm Powhatan County (Va.) Reel 48 \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeorge W. Williams Journal and Ledger, 1845-1848 is available as microfilm Powhatan County (Va.) Reel 48 \u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternative Form Available\n"],"altformavail_tesim":[" Please see Powhatan County Microfilm index in the Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm available on the Library of Virginia website for full listing.","Samuel B. and Francis O. Drake Blotter, 1840-1845 is available as microfilm Powhatan County (Va.) Reel 48 ","Cardozo, Oldner, and Company Sales Books, 1845-1846 is available as microfilm Powhatan County (Va.) Reel 48 ","John F. Cox Account Box, 1849-1859 is available as microfilm Powhatan County (Va.) Reel 48 ","William Campbell Scott Journal, 1842-1864 is available as microfilm Powhatan County (Va.) Reel 48 ","Forlines and Harris Account Book, 1853-1856 is available as microfilm Powhatan County (Va.) Reel 48 ","Henry W. Whitlock and Son Daybooks and Ledger, 1839-1846 is available as microfilm Powhatan County (Va.) Reel 48 ","George W. Williams Journal and Ledger, 1845-1848 is available as microfilm Powhatan County (Va.) Reel 48 "],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries I: Samuel B. and Francis O. Drake Blotter, 1840-1845\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries II: Cardozo, Oldner, and Company Sales Books, 1845-1846\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries III: John F. Cox Account Book, 1849-1859\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries IV: William Campbell Scott Journal, 1842-1864\u003c/item\u003e \n\u003citem\u003eSeries V: Davis General Store Daybook and Ledger, 1830-1834\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VI: Elbert Mosby Tavern Account Books, 1837-1839\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VII: John M. Stratton Daybook and Ledger, 1853-1854\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VIII: Milton P. Atkinson and Company Ledger, 1829-1831\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries IX: Scott, Skipwith, and Cardozo Daybook and Ledger, 1854-1856\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries X: Unidentified Blacksmith Ledger, 1852-1855\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XI: Unidentified General Store Account Book, 1891\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XII: Unidentified Merchant Daybook and Ledger, 1804-1807\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XIII: Unidentified Merchant Daybook, 1806-1807\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XIV: Forlines and Harris Account Book, 1853-1856\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XV: Henry W. Whitlock and Son Daybooks and Ledger, 1839-1846\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XVI: George W. Williams Journal and Ledger, 1845-1848\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged Series I: Samuel B. and Francis O. Drake Blotter, 1840-1845 Series II: Cardozo, Oldner, and Company Sales Books, 1845-1846 Series III: John F. Cox Account Book, 1849-1859 Series IV: William Campbell Scott Journal, 1842-1864 Series V: Davis General Store Daybook and Ledger, 1830-1834 Series VI: Elbert Mosby Tavern Account Books, 1837-1839 Series VII: John M. Stratton Daybook and Ledger, 1853-1854 Series VIII: Milton P. Atkinson and Company Ledger, 1829-1831 Series IX: Scott, Skipwith, and Cardozo Daybook and Ledger, 1854-1856 Series X: Unidentified Blacksmith Ledger, 1852-1855 Series XI: Unidentified General Store Account Book, 1891 Series XII: Unidentified Merchant Daybook and Ledger, 1804-1807 Series XIII: Unidentified Merchant Daybook, 1806-1807 Series XIV: Forlines and Harris Account Book, 1853-1856 Series XV: Henry W. Whitlock and Son Daybooks and Ledger, 1839-1846 Series XVI: George W. Williams Journal and Ledger, 1845-1848"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Record Type:\u003c/emph\u003e\nBusiness records, volumes and loose records, are in some cases transferred to the Library of Virginia as components of court record transfers. These business records in some cases were simply stored in the local court building for safekeeping by business owners. In other cases, business records (particularly ledgers, account books, etc.) may have been filed in a court case as an exhibit. These business record exhibits appeared both in chancery causes and in judgments, these records serving as exhibits for business dissolution cases, debt suits, and contract disputes.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History:\u003c/emph\u003e Powhatan County was named for the Indian chieftain who ruled the Native American inhabitants of tidewater Virginia in the early seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added later. Its area is 272 square miles, and the county seat is Powhatan.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information \n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Record Type: \nBusiness records, volumes and loose records, are in some cases transferred to the Library of Virginia as components of court record transfers. These business records in some cases were simply stored in the local court building for safekeeping by business owners. In other cases, business records (particularly ledgers, account books, etc.) may have been filed in a court case as an exhibit. These business record exhibits appeared both in chancery causes and in judgments, these records serving as exhibits for business dissolution cases, debt suits, and contract disputes.\n","Locality History: Powhatan County was named for the Indian chieftain who ruled the Native American inhabitants of tidewater Virginia in the early seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added later. Its area is 272 square miles, and the county seat is Powhatan."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Business Record, 1788-1891. [include volume title]. Local government records collection, Powhatan County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Business Record, 1788-1891. [include volume title]. Local government records collection, Powhatan County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePrior to 2024, the various business records in this collection were originally described as individual records, but they have been consolidated into one large business record for the locality.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe records in this collection were processed at different times from 2004 and 2009 by Bari Helms and Greg Crawford. Efforts have been taken to identify chancery causes related to these business records as some of these records were used as evidence in court proceedings.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEncoded by Sherri Bagley, June 2024\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information\n"],"processinfo_tesim":["Prior to 2024, the various business records in this collection were originally described as individual records, but they have been consolidated into one large business record for the locality.\n","The records in this collection were processed at different times from 2004 and 2009 by Bari Helms and Greg Crawford. Efforts have been taken to identify chancery causes related to these business records as some of these records were used as evidence in court proceedings.\n","Encoded by Sherri Bagley, June 2024"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e See also: \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi02418.xml\"\u003e Powhatan County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1782-1938\u003c/extref\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional Powhatan County (Va.) court records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA131\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\" \u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":[" See also: Powhatan County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1782-1938","Additional Powhatan County (Va.) court records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\" "],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Business Records, 1788-1891, is comprised of various records created by individuals and companies is pursuit of documenting business activities in and around Powhatan County (Va.). Represented records largerly consists of bound volumes such as ledgers, account box, daybooks, account books and journals. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003eSamuel B. and Francis O. Drake General Store was located in the town of Macon, Virginia, and conducted business during the mid-19th century. The blotter was used as an exhibit in the chancery suit Executor of Francis O. Drake versus Administrator of Samuel B. Drake heard in the Powhatan County Circuit Court.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eSamuel B. and Francis O. Drake Blotter, 1840-1845, a general store, that served as a daybook. It records daily events and transactions in chronological order. Information recorded in the daybook includes date of transaction, name of customer, form of transaction, items purchased, quantity of items purchased, and cost per item. Items sold include clothing, dry-goods, whiskey, candy, shaving soap, shot, gunpowder, combs, and chocolate.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso see: Powhatan County Chancery Cause, Exr. of Francis O. Drake vs Admr. of Samuel B. Drake, 1850-008. Available Digitally through the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/chancery/case_detail.asp?CFN=145-1850-008\"\u003e Chancery Records Index. \u003c/extref\u003e \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003e Cardozo, Oldner, and Company was a partnership formed by John G. Oldner, William H. Cardozo, and James Gallagher on August 6, 1845. The general store was located at Powhatan County Courthouse. The partnership dissolved in the summer of 1846. The sales books were used as exhibits in the chancery suit John G. Oldner, etc. versus William H. Cardozo heard in the Powhatan County Circuit Superior Court of Law and Chancery. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eCardozo, Oldner, and Company Sales Books, 1845-1846, records items sold by the general store. Information recorded includes date of transactions, items sold, quantity of items sold, cost per item, total cost for items. There are two more columns of numbers whose purpose is unknown. Items sold include spices, dry-goods, whiskey, snuff, food, medicine, toiletries, cards, and soda. One sales book records the sale of the store's inventory at a public auction held at the Powhatan County Courthouse. Information recorded includes the name of purchaser, items sold, quantity of items, cost per item, and total amount of cost.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso see: Powhatan County Chancery Cause, John G. Oldner, etc. vs William H. Cardozo, 1854-016. Available Digitally through the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/chancery/case_detail.asp?CFN=145-1854-016\"\u003e Chancery Records Index. \u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003eThe account book was used as an exhibit in the chancery suit Edwin Fleming and wife versus Administrator of Frederick Hicks. It was heard in the Powhatan County Circuit Court. The suit involved the division of Black individuals enslaved by Hicks among his heirs.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eJohn F. Cox Account Book, 1849-1859, records transactions performed by Cox as administrator of Frederick Hicks.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso see: Powhatan County Chancery Cause, Edwin Fleming and wife vs Admr. of Frederick Hicks, 1859-002. Available Digitally through the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/chancery/case_detail.asp?CFN=145-1859-002\"\u003e Chancery Records Index. \u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003eWilliam Campbell Scott was born in 1809 in Powhatan Company. He attended Hampden-Sydney College in 1823-1827. Scott graduated from University of Virginia Law School in 1829. He was a member of the Virginia House of Delegates in 1837 and 1851. Scott ran as Know-Nothing candidate in 1856 and was defeated. He was a lawyer in Powhatan County, colonel of the 102nd Virginia Militia Regiment, and brigadier general of the 4th Brigade, 1st Division, Virginia Militia. Scott was a member of the Virginia Secession Convention in 1861. He was appointed colonel of the 44th Virginia Infantry on June 14, 1861. He commanded the 44th during the Valley Campaign. Scott resigned his commission of the 44th on January 14, 1863. Scott died in Powhatan County on April 9, 1865. The journal was used as an exhibit in the chancery suits Polly R. Crawford vs. Executor of William C. Scott, etc., James Shipley and wife versus Executor of William C. Scott, etc., Administrator of Cleon A. Crawford, Jr. versus Executor of William C. Scott, etc., and Richard P. Crawford versus Executor of William C. Scott, etc. They were heard together in the Powhatan County Circuit Court. The suits involved Scott's failure to settle his accounts as guardian of Polly R. Crawford, Ellen R. Crawford, Cleon A. Crawford, Jr., and Richard P. Crawford.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eWilliam Campbell Scott Journal, 1842-1864, records transactions performed by Scott as trustee for various clients. Information found in journal includes name of clients, date of transactions, type of transaction, and amounts owed and paid. Transactions include the hiring of enslaved individuals. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso see: Powhatan County Chancery Cause, Polly C. Crawford vs Exr. of William C. Scott, etc.; James Shipley and wife vs Exr. of William C. Scott, etc.; Admr. of Cleon A. Crawford, Jr. vs Exr. of William C. Scott, etc. and Richard P. Crawford vs Exr. of William C. Scott, etc., 1870-014. Available Digitally through the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/chancery/case_detail.asp?CFN=145-1870-014\"\u003e Chancery Records Index. \u003c/extref\u003e \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003eWilliam E. Davis, Joseph B. Davis, and perhaps Benjamin T. Davis operated a general store in Powhatan County, Virginia, during the early 19th century.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eDaybook and Ledger of a general store operated by Joseph B. Davis, William E. Davis, and perhaps Benjamin T. Davis. They consist of a daybook, two ledgers and a journal.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Journal, 1830-1832, and two ledgers, 1831-1834, records the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry include date of transaction, items purchased, quantity of items purchased, price of each item, form of payment, amount owed, and amount paid. Forms of payment include cash, credit, barter of goods including fodder, beef, oats, and raw hides, and labor such as killing hogs. Information found in ledger, 1831-1832, was derived from corresponding daybook. Journal and ledgers include an index listing names of customers in alphabetical order and page numbers where their accounts can be found.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Daybook, 1831 July-1832 May, records in chronological order the daily transactions of the Davis general store. Information recorded in the daybook includes date of transaction, name of customer, items purchased, quantity of items purchased, cost of transaction, and amount owed. Merchandise sold include cheese, alcoholic beverages (whisky, perry, rum, brandy), dry-goods, coffee, sugar, fur hats, knives, and almanacs. Information found in daybook was transferred to corresponding ledger.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003eElbert Mosby owned a tavern that conducted business in Powhatan County, Virginia, during the early 19th century. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eTwo account books, 1837-1839, of a tavern owned by Elbert Mosby that record the individual accounts of customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, form of transactions, amount owed, form of payment, and amount paid. Transactions include renting rooms, serving meals, selling drinks, renting buggies, renting stables for horses, and feeding horses. Payments made by cash and credit. The account books also record lists of individuals who attended drinking and dinner events held at the tavern. Information found includes name of individual and if they paid the attendance fee. One volume includes an index that lists names of customers in alphabetical order and page number of customer's account. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003eJohn M. Stratton owned a general store that conducted business in Powhatan County, Virginia, during the mid-19th century. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and content:\u003c/emph\u003e\nDaybook and Ledger of John M. Stratton consist of a daybook and a ledger. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDaybook, 1853-1854, records transactions on a daily basis. Information recorded in the daybook includes name of customer, date of transactions, items purchased, quantity of items purchased, price of each item, and amount owed. Items sold include medication, alcoholic drinks, dry-goods, spices, cigars, tin buckets, candles, food, and clothing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLedger, 1853-1854, records the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry include date of transaction, form of transaction, amount owed, and amount paid. Volume does not contain detailed information regarding items sold by general store. Information found in ledger was derived from corresponding daybook.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003eMilton P. Atkinson \u0026amp; Company was a general store that conducted business in Powhatan County, Virginia, during the early 19th century. In 1831, Atkinson sold the store to Joseph B. Davis. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eLedger, 1829-1831, of Milton P. Atkinson \u0026amp; Company that records the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry include date of transaction, items purchased, quantity of merchandise purchased, cost per item, amount owed, form of payment, and amount paid. Items sold include whiskey, sugar, molasses, shoes, shawls, paper, clothing, and chances for pistols. Payments made by cash, credit, labor, or barter of goods such as corn, bricks, salts, and vinegar.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003eScott, Skipwith, and Cardozo was a sawmill owned by William Campbell Scott, William M. Skipwith, and Abram J. Cardozo. It was located in Powhatan County, Virginia, and conducted business during the mid-19th century. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003e Daybook and Ledger of Scott, Skipwith, and Cardozo, a sawmill located in Powhatan County, consist of a daybook and a ledger.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDaybook, 1854-1855, records daily transactions in chronological order. Information recorded in the daybook includes name of customer, dates of transactions, form of transaction, services rendered such as sawing or hauling lumber, type and quantity of lumber purchased, measurements of lumber purchased, cost of each piece of lumber, form of payment, total amount owed, and total amount paid. Volume also records the hiring out of enslaved people by sawmill. Entries include the name of enslaved individuals, period of time hired, cost per day, and total amount owed. Forms of payment include cash, credit, labor, hiring of out enslaved persons to sawmill, and barter of items such as beef, logs, corn, and meal. Information found in daybook was transferred to corresponding ledger.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLedger, 1854-1856, records the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each account was derived from daybook.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003eThe unidentified blacksmith shop was perhaps owned by Peter Talbot and conducted business in Powhatan County, Virginia during the mid-19th century. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eLedger, 1852-1855, of an unidentified blacksmith shop. It records the individual accounts of customers. Information found in each entry includes name of customer, dates of transactions, services rendered, and the amount owed. Services rendered include shoeing horses; making, repairing, and sharpening farm tools; and repairing buggies. Volume is in poor condition due to missing cover and spine.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003eThe unidentified general store conducted business in Powhatan County, Virginia, during the late 19th century. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eAccount book, 1891, of an unidentified general store that records the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry include dates of transactions, items purchased, forms of payments, quantity of merchandise purchased, amount owed, and amount paid. Items sold include food, umbrellas, alcoholic beverages, gunpowder, shot, dry-goods, spices, clothing, and rock candy. Payments made by cash, credit, labor, or barter of goods such as corn, sumac, and oats.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003eThe unidentified merchant conducted business in Powhatan County, Virginia, during the early 19th century. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDaybook, 1804-1806, that records in chronological order the daily transactions of an unidentified merchant. Information recorded in the daybook includes date of transaction, name of customer, items purchased, quantity of items purchased, payment for ferriage of goods, cost of transaction, form of payment, and amount owed and paid. Merchandise sold include oranges, alcoholic drinks (whisky, rum, gin, brandy), dry-goods, powder, shot, candles, shoes, and almanacs. Payments made by cash, credit, and barter of goods sucha as whiskey, brandy, shoes, fodder, and flour. Information found in daybook was transferred to corresponding ledger.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLedger, 1804-1807, records the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry include date of transaction, form of transaction, amount owed, form of payment, and amount paid. Volume does not contain detailed information regarding items sold by merchant. Rather, it uses general terms such as \"sundries\" and \"merchandise.\" Information found in ledger was derived from daybook. The merchant's customers included free blacks.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003eThe unidentified merchant conducted business in Powhatan County, Virginia, during the early 19th century. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eDaybook, 1806-1807, that records in chronological order the daily transactions of an unidentified merchant. Information recorded in the daybook includes date of transaction, name of customer, items purchased, quantity of items purchased, cost of transaction, form of payment, and amount owed and paid. Merchandise sold include opium, alcoholic drinks (whisky, rum, gin, brandy), dry-goods, nails, salt, calf skin, paper, and dishware. Payments made by cash, credit, or barter of goods such as wheat, corn, and butter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003eForlines and Harris was a mercantile partnership formed by Derby B. Forlines and Norborne E. Harris that conducted business in Powhatan County, Virginia between 1853 and 1856. The account book was used as an exhibit in the chancery suits Norborne E. Harris versus Derby B. Forlines and Derby B. Forlines versus Norborne E. Harris heard in the Powhatan County Circuit Court. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eForlines and Harris Account Book, 1853-1856, records the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information recorded in each account includes name of customer, dates of transaction, items purchased, quantity of items purchased, price of each item, form of payment, amount owed, and amount paid. Items sold include toys, food, alcoholic drinks, coffee pots, dry-goods, umbrellas, toiletries, tobacco, knives, clothing, and nuts. Payments made by cash and credit.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso see: Powhatan County Chancery Cause, Norborne E. Harris vs Derby B. Forlines; Derby B. Forlines vs Norborne E. Harris, 1868-005. Available Digitally through the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/chancery/case_detail.asp?CFN=145-1868-005\"\u003e Chancery Records Index. \u003c/extref\u003e \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003eHenry W. Whitlock and his son James M. Whitlock conducted a mercantile business called Henry W. Whitlock and Son in Jefferson, Virginia, from January 1841-January 1843. Prior to 1841, the business was solely owned by Henry W. Whitlock. Forlines and Harris was a mercantile partnership formed by Derby B. The daybooks and ledgers were used as exhibits in the chancery suit Executor of Henry Whitlock versus Frances E. Whitlock, etc., heard in the Powhatan County Circuit Court. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eBusiness records of Henry W. Whitlock and Son consist of two daybooks and a ledger.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso see: Powhatan Count Chancery Cause, Exr. of Henry Whitlock vs Frances E. Whitlock, etc., 1870-010. Available Digitally through the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/chancery/case_detail.asp?CFN=145-1870-010\"\u003e Chancery Records Index. \u003c/extref\u003e \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Daybook, 1839-1842, record on a monthly basis transactions of Henry W. Whitlock and Son. Information recorded in the daybooks includes name of customer, dates of transactions, items purchased, quantity of items purchased, price of each item, form of payment, amount owed and paid, and page number of customer's found in corresponding ledger. Merchandise sold include beef, eggs, alcoholic drinks, shoes, dry-goods, marbles, castor oil, nails, flour, oats, and iron. Payments made by cash, credit, and barter of goods such as oats, wheat, corn, and bacon. Information related to entries dated 1841-1842 derived from second daybook.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Daybook, 1841-1842, records on a daily basis transactions of Henry W. Whitlock and Son. Information recorded in the daybook includes name of customer, date of transaction, items purchased, quantity of items purchased, price of each item, form of payment, and amount owed and paid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLedger, 1839-1846, records the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry include date of transaction, form of transaction, amount owed, form of payment, and amount paid. Each entry also includes page numbers of transaction found in Daybook, 1839-1842. Some entries state where the customer lived. Volume does not contain detailed information regarding items sold by general store. Rather, it uses the general term \"merchandise.\" Volume also includes miscellaneous loose papers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003eGeorge W. Williams owned a general store located in the town of Jefferson, Virginia, and conducted business during the mid-19th century. The journal and ledger were used as exhibits in the chancery suit Binford and Nimms, creditors versus Administrator of George W. Williams, etc., heard in the Powhatan County Circuit Court.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso see: Powhatan County Chancery Cause, Binford \u0026amp; Nimms, creditors vs George W. Williams, etc., 1868-014. Available Digitally through the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/chancery/case_detail.asp?CFN=145-1868-014\"\u003e Chancery Records Index. \u003c/extref\u003e \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Journal, 1845-1848, of George W. Williams used as a daybook to record daily transactions in chronological order. Information recorded in the daybook includes date of transaction, name of customer, form of transaction, items purchased, quantity of items purchased, cost per item, form of payment, total amount owed, and total amount paid. Items sold include spices, dry-goods, soap, food, farm equipment, clothing, nails, chairs, and rum. Forms of payment include cash, credit and barter of items such as butter, wheat, bacon, and raw hide. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLedger, 1846-1848, records the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry include date of transaction, form of transaction, amount owed, form of payment, and amount paid. Volume does not contain detailed information regarding items sold by merchant. Rather, it uses the term \"merchandise.\" Information found in ledger was derived from journal. Ledger entries include page numbers of corresponding journal where detailed information can be found. Ledger includes an index listing customers' names in alphabetical order and the page number their accounts can be found.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content \n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Business Records, 1788-1891, is comprised of various records created by individuals and companies is pursuit of documenting business activities in and around Powhatan County (Va.). Represented records largerly consists of bound volumes such as ledgers, account box, daybooks, account books and journals. \n","Historical Information: Samuel B. and Francis O. Drake General Store was located in the town of Macon, Virginia, and conducted business during the mid-19th century. The blotter was used as an exhibit in the chancery suit Executor of Francis O. Drake versus Administrator of Samuel B. Drake heard in the Powhatan County Circuit Court.","Scope and Content: Samuel B. and Francis O. Drake Blotter, 1840-1845, a general store, that served as a daybook. It records daily events and transactions in chronological order. Information recorded in the daybook includes date of transaction, name of customer, form of transaction, items purchased, quantity of items purchased, and cost per item. Items sold include clothing, dry-goods, whiskey, candy, shaving soap, shot, gunpowder, combs, and chocolate.","Also see: Powhatan County Chancery Cause, Exr. of Francis O. Drake vs Admr. of Samuel B. Drake, 1850-008. Available Digitally through the Chancery Records Index. ","Historical Information: Cardozo, Oldner, and Company was a partnership formed by John G. Oldner, William H. Cardozo, and James Gallagher on August 6, 1845. The general store was located at Powhatan County Courthouse. The partnership dissolved in the summer of 1846. The sales books were used as exhibits in the chancery suit John G. Oldner, etc. versus William H. Cardozo heard in the Powhatan County Circuit Superior Court of Law and Chancery. \n","Scope and Content: Cardozo, Oldner, and Company Sales Books, 1845-1846, records items sold by the general store. Information recorded includes date of transactions, items sold, quantity of items sold, cost per item, total cost for items. There are two more columns of numbers whose purpose is unknown. Items sold include spices, dry-goods, whiskey, snuff, food, medicine, toiletries, cards, and soda. One sales book records the sale of the store's inventory at a public auction held at the Powhatan County Courthouse. Information recorded includes the name of purchaser, items sold, quantity of items, cost per item, and total amount of cost.","Also see: Powhatan County Chancery Cause, John G. Oldner, etc. vs William H. Cardozo, 1854-016. Available Digitally through the Chancery Records Index. ","Historical Information: The account book was used as an exhibit in the chancery suit Edwin Fleming and wife versus Administrator of Frederick Hicks. It was heard in the Powhatan County Circuit Court. The suit involved the division of Black individuals enslaved by Hicks among his heirs.\n","Scope and Content: John F. Cox Account Book, 1849-1859, records transactions performed by Cox as administrator of Frederick Hicks.","Also see: Powhatan County Chancery Cause, Edwin Fleming and wife vs Admr. of Frederick Hicks, 1859-002. Available Digitally through the Chancery Records Index. ","Historical Information: William Campbell Scott was born in 1809 in Powhatan Company. He attended Hampden-Sydney College in 1823-1827. Scott graduated from University of Virginia Law School in 1829. He was a member of the Virginia House of Delegates in 1837 and 1851. Scott ran as Know-Nothing candidate in 1856 and was defeated. He was a lawyer in Powhatan County, colonel of the 102nd Virginia Militia Regiment, and brigadier general of the 4th Brigade, 1st Division, Virginia Militia. Scott was a member of the Virginia Secession Convention in 1861. He was appointed colonel of the 44th Virginia Infantry on June 14, 1861. He commanded the 44th during the Valley Campaign. Scott resigned his commission of the 44th on January 14, 1863. Scott died in Powhatan County on April 9, 1865. The journal was used as an exhibit in the chancery suits Polly R. Crawford vs. Executor of William C. Scott, etc., James Shipley and wife versus Executor of William C. Scott, etc., Administrator of Cleon A. Crawford, Jr. versus Executor of William C. Scott, etc., and Richard P. Crawford versus Executor of William C. Scott, etc. They were heard together in the Powhatan County Circuit Court. The suits involved Scott's failure to settle his accounts as guardian of Polly R. Crawford, Ellen R. Crawford, Cleon A. Crawford, Jr., and Richard P. Crawford.\n","Scope and Content: William Campbell Scott Journal, 1842-1864, records transactions performed by Scott as trustee for various clients. Information found in journal includes name of clients, date of transactions, type of transaction, and amounts owed and paid. Transactions include the hiring of enslaved individuals. ","Also see: Powhatan County Chancery Cause, Polly C. Crawford vs Exr. of William C. Scott, etc.; James Shipley and wife vs Exr. of William C. Scott, etc.; Admr. of Cleon A. Crawford, Jr. vs Exr. of William C. Scott, etc. and Richard P. Crawford vs Exr. of William C. Scott, etc., 1870-014. Available Digitally through the Chancery Records Index. ","Historical Information: William E. Davis, Joseph B. Davis, and perhaps Benjamin T. Davis operated a general store in Powhatan County, Virginia, during the early 19th century.\n","Scope and Content: Daybook and Ledger of a general store operated by Joseph B. Davis, William E. Davis, and perhaps Benjamin T. Davis. They consist of a daybook, two ledgers and a journal."," Journal, 1830-1832, and two ledgers, 1831-1834, records the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry include date of transaction, items purchased, quantity of items purchased, price of each item, form of payment, amount owed, and amount paid. Forms of payment include cash, credit, barter of goods including fodder, beef, oats, and raw hides, and labor such as killing hogs. Information found in ledger, 1831-1832, was derived from corresponding daybook. Journal and ledgers include an index listing names of customers in alphabetical order and page numbers where their accounts can be found."," Daybook, 1831 July-1832 May, records in chronological order the daily transactions of the Davis general store. Information recorded in the daybook includes date of transaction, name of customer, items purchased, quantity of items purchased, cost of transaction, and amount owed. Merchandise sold include cheese, alcoholic beverages (whisky, perry, rum, brandy), dry-goods, coffee, sugar, fur hats, knives, and almanacs. Information found in daybook was transferred to corresponding ledger.","Historical Information: Elbert Mosby owned a tavern that conducted business in Powhatan County, Virginia, during the early 19th century. \n","Scope and Content: Two account books, 1837-1839, of a tavern owned by Elbert Mosby that record the individual accounts of customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, form of transactions, amount owed, form of payment, and amount paid. Transactions include renting rooms, serving meals, selling drinks, renting buggies, renting stables for horses, and feeding horses. Payments made by cash and credit. The account books also record lists of individuals who attended drinking and dinner events held at the tavern. Information found includes name of individual and if they paid the attendance fee. One volume includes an index that lists names of customers in alphabetical order and page number of customer's account. ","Historical Information: John M. Stratton owned a general store that conducted business in Powhatan County, Virginia, during the mid-19th century. \n","Scope and content: \nDaybook and Ledger of John M. Stratton consist of a daybook and a ledger. ","Daybook, 1853-1854, records transactions on a daily basis. Information recorded in the daybook includes name of customer, date of transactions, items purchased, quantity of items purchased, price of each item, and amount owed. Items sold include medication, alcoholic drinks, dry-goods, spices, cigars, tin buckets, candles, food, and clothing.","Ledger, 1853-1854, records the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry include date of transaction, form of transaction, amount owed, and amount paid. Volume does not contain detailed information regarding items sold by general store. Information found in ledger was derived from corresponding daybook.","Historical Information: Milton P. Atkinson \u0026 Company was a general store that conducted business in Powhatan County, Virginia, during the early 19th century. In 1831, Atkinson sold the store to Joseph B. Davis. \n","Scope and Content: Ledger, 1829-1831, of Milton P. Atkinson \u0026 Company that records the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry include date of transaction, items purchased, quantity of merchandise purchased, cost per item, amount owed, form of payment, and amount paid. Items sold include whiskey, sugar, molasses, shoes, shawls, paper, clothing, and chances for pistols. Payments made by cash, credit, labor, or barter of goods such as corn, bricks, salts, and vinegar.","Historical Information: Scott, Skipwith, and Cardozo was a sawmill owned by William Campbell Scott, William M. Skipwith, and Abram J. Cardozo. It was located in Powhatan County, Virginia, and conducted business during the mid-19th century. \n","Scope and Content: Daybook and Ledger of Scott, Skipwith, and Cardozo, a sawmill located in Powhatan County, consist of a daybook and a ledger.","Daybook, 1854-1855, records daily transactions in chronological order. Information recorded in the daybook includes name of customer, dates of transactions, form of transaction, services rendered such as sawing or hauling lumber, type and quantity of lumber purchased, measurements of lumber purchased, cost of each piece of lumber, form of payment, total amount owed, and total amount paid. Volume also records the hiring out of enslaved people by sawmill. Entries include the name of enslaved individuals, period of time hired, cost per day, and total amount owed. Forms of payment include cash, credit, labor, hiring of out enslaved persons to sawmill, and barter of items such as beef, logs, corn, and meal. Information found in daybook was transferred to corresponding ledger.","Ledger, 1854-1856, records the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each account was derived from daybook.","Historical Information: The unidentified blacksmith shop was perhaps owned by Peter Talbot and conducted business in Powhatan County, Virginia during the mid-19th century. ","Scope and Content: Ledger, 1852-1855, of an unidentified blacksmith shop. It records the individual accounts of customers. Information found in each entry includes name of customer, dates of transactions, services rendered, and the amount owed. Services rendered include shoeing horses; making, repairing, and sharpening farm tools; and repairing buggies. Volume is in poor condition due to missing cover and spine.\n","Historical Information: The unidentified general store conducted business in Powhatan County, Virginia, during the late 19th century. \n","Scope and Content: Account book, 1891, of an unidentified general store that records the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry include dates of transactions, items purchased, forms of payments, quantity of merchandise purchased, amount owed, and amount paid. Items sold include food, umbrellas, alcoholic beverages, gunpowder, shot, dry-goods, spices, clothing, and rock candy. Payments made by cash, credit, labor, or barter of goods such as corn, sumac, and oats.","Historical Information: The unidentified merchant conducted business in Powhatan County, Virginia, during the early 19th century. \n","Daybook, 1804-1806, that records in chronological order the daily transactions of an unidentified merchant. Information recorded in the daybook includes date of transaction, name of customer, items purchased, quantity of items purchased, payment for ferriage of goods, cost of transaction, form of payment, and amount owed and paid. Merchandise sold include oranges, alcoholic drinks (whisky, rum, gin, brandy), dry-goods, powder, shot, candles, shoes, and almanacs. Payments made by cash, credit, and barter of goods sucha as whiskey, brandy, shoes, fodder, and flour. Information found in daybook was transferred to corresponding ledger.","Ledger, 1804-1807, records the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry include date of transaction, form of transaction, amount owed, form of payment, and amount paid. Volume does not contain detailed information regarding items sold by merchant. Rather, it uses general terms such as \"sundries\" and \"merchandise.\" Information found in ledger was derived from daybook. The merchant's customers included free blacks.","Historical Information: The unidentified merchant conducted business in Powhatan County, Virginia, during the early 19th century. \n","Scope and Content: Daybook, 1806-1807, that records in chronological order the daily transactions of an unidentified merchant. Information recorded in the daybook includes date of transaction, name of customer, items purchased, quantity of items purchased, cost of transaction, form of payment, and amount owed and paid. Merchandise sold include opium, alcoholic drinks (whisky, rum, gin, brandy), dry-goods, nails, salt, calf skin, paper, and dishware. Payments made by cash, credit, or barter of goods such as wheat, corn, and butter.","Historical Information: Forlines and Harris was a mercantile partnership formed by Derby B. Forlines and Norborne E. Harris that conducted business in Powhatan County, Virginia between 1853 and 1856. The account book was used as an exhibit in the chancery suits Norborne E. Harris versus Derby B. Forlines and Derby B. Forlines versus Norborne E. Harris heard in the Powhatan County Circuit Court. \n","Scope and Content: Forlines and Harris Account Book, 1853-1856, records the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information recorded in each account includes name of customer, dates of transaction, items purchased, quantity of items purchased, price of each item, form of payment, amount owed, and amount paid. Items sold include toys, food, alcoholic drinks, coffee pots, dry-goods, umbrellas, toiletries, tobacco, knives, clothing, and nuts. Payments made by cash and credit.","Also see: Powhatan County Chancery Cause, Norborne E. Harris vs Derby B. Forlines; Derby B. Forlines vs Norborne E. Harris, 1868-005. Available Digitally through the Chancery Records Index. ","Historical Information: Henry W. Whitlock and his son James M. Whitlock conducted a mercantile business called Henry W. Whitlock and Son in Jefferson, Virginia, from January 1841-January 1843. Prior to 1841, the business was solely owned by Henry W. Whitlock. Forlines and Harris was a mercantile partnership formed by Derby B. The daybooks and ledgers were used as exhibits in the chancery suit Executor of Henry Whitlock versus Frances E. Whitlock, etc., heard in the Powhatan County Circuit Court. \n","Scope and Content: Business records of Henry W. Whitlock and Son consist of two daybooks and a ledger.","Also see: Powhatan Count Chancery Cause, Exr. of Henry Whitlock vs Frances E. Whitlock, etc., 1870-010. Available Digitally through the Chancery Records Index. "," Daybook, 1839-1842, record on a monthly basis transactions of Henry W. Whitlock and Son. Information recorded in the daybooks includes name of customer, dates of transactions, items purchased, quantity of items purchased, price of each item, form of payment, amount owed and paid, and page number of customer's found in corresponding ledger. Merchandise sold include beef, eggs, alcoholic drinks, shoes, dry-goods, marbles, castor oil, nails, flour, oats, and iron. Payments made by cash, credit, and barter of goods such as oats, wheat, corn, and bacon. Information related to entries dated 1841-1842 derived from second daybook."," Daybook, 1841-1842, records on a daily basis transactions of Henry W. Whitlock and Son. Information recorded in the daybook includes name of customer, date of transaction, items purchased, quantity of items purchased, price of each item, form of payment, and amount owed and paid.","Ledger, 1839-1846, records the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry include date of transaction, form of transaction, amount owed, form of payment, and amount paid. Each entry also includes page numbers of transaction found in Daybook, 1839-1842. Some entries state where the customer lived. Volume does not contain detailed information regarding items sold by general store. Rather, it uses the general term \"merchandise.\" Volume also includes miscellaneous loose papers.","Historical Information: George W. Williams owned a general store located in the town of Jefferson, Virginia, and conducted business during the mid-19th century. The journal and ledger were used as exhibits in the chancery suit Binford and Nimms, creditors versus Administrator of George W. Williams, etc., heard in the Powhatan County Circuit Court.\n","Also see: Powhatan County Chancery Cause, Binford \u0026 Nimms, creditors vs George W. Williams, etc., 1868-014. Available Digitally through the Chancery Records Index. "," Journal, 1845-1848, of George W. Williams used as a daybook to record daily transactions in chronological order. Information recorded in the daybook includes date of transaction, name of customer, form of transaction, items purchased, quantity of items purchased, cost per item, form of payment, total amount owed, and total amount paid. Items sold include spices, dry-goods, soap, food, farm equipment, clothing, nails, chairs, and rum. Forms of payment include cash, credit and barter of items such as butter, wheat, bacon, and raw hide. ","Ledger, 1846-1848, records the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry include date of transaction, form of transaction, amount owed, form of payment, and amount paid. Volume does not contain detailed information regarding items sold by merchant. Rather, it uses the term \"merchandise.\" Information found in ledger was derived from journal. Ledger entries include page numbers of corresponding journal where detailed information can be found. Ledger includes an index listing customers' names in alphabetical order and the page number their accounts can be found."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e There are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":[" There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia; State Record Center\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia; State Record Center\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":43,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T09:35:13.751Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02998"}},{"id":"vi_vi02418","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Powhatan County (Va.) Chancery Causes,\n1782-1951 (bulk 1822-1913)","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02418#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02418#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1782-1951 consists of cases concerning issues of equity brought largely by residents of the county and filed in the circuit court. These cases often involve the following actions: divisions of estates or land, disputes over wills, disputes regarding contracts, debt, divorce, and business disputes. Other less prevalent issues include freedom suits, permissions to sell property, and disputes concerning trespass. Predominant documents found in these chancery causes include bills (documents the plaintiff's complaint), answers (defendant's response to the plaintiff's complaint), decrees (court's decision), depositions, affidavits, correspondence, lists of heirs, deeds, plats, wills, records involving enslaved individuals, business records or vital statistics. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02418#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi02418","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02418","_root_":"vi_vi02418","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02418","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi02418.xml","title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Chancery Causes,\n1782-1951 (bulk 1822-1913)"],"title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Chancery Causes,\n1782-1951 (bulk 1822-1913)"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Chancery Causes,\n1782-1951 (bulk 1822-1913)"],"text":["Powhatan County (Va.) Chancery Causes,\n1782-1951 (bulk 1822-1913)","75.75 cubic feet (162 boxes); Digital images."," Powhatan County Chancery Causes, 1782-1929 digital images can be found on the Chancery Records Index available electronically at the website of the Library of Virginia.\n","Some post-1914 material has been processed and indexed. That indexed information can be found on the Chancery Records Index available electronically at the website of the Library of Virginia.\n","Organized by case, of which each is assigned a unique index number comprised of the latest year found in case and a sequentially increasing 3-digit number assigned by the processor as cases for that year are found. Arranged chronologically. \n","Arrangement of documents within each folder are as follows: Bill, Answer, and Final Decree (if found).","Context of Record type: Chancery Causes are cases of equity. According to Black's Law Dictionary they are \"administered according to fairness as contrasted with the strictly formulated rules of common law.\" A judge, not a jury, determines the outcome of the case; however, the judge is basing the decision on findings compiled and documented by Commissioners. Chancery causes are useful when researching local history, genealogical information, and land or estate divisions. They are a valuable source of local, state, social, and legal history and serve as a primary source for understanding a locality's history. Chancery causes document the lived experiences of free and enslaved individuals; women; children; people living with physical disabilities or mental health struggles; people living in poverty; defunct institutions and corporate entities; or those that may not have otherwise left traditional written histories.\n","Locality History: Powhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850.\n","The majority of records from this collection were processed in two separate groups. The first group, Chancery Causes, 1782-1929, was processed prior to 2009 while the second group, Chancery Causes, 1793-1910, was processed prior to 2012. "," Additional records were processed and interfiled into the collection during a cataloguing assessment project in 2024-2025. ","There are currently no plans to process or index any additional post-1913 records.","Encoded by G. Crawford: 2008; Updated by E. Swain: 2025 ","Additional Powhatan County Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Additional unindexed post-1913 records may be available at the Powhatan County Circuit Court Clerk's Office. "," See also: Virginia Superior Court of Chancery (Richmond District) Records, 1806-1850. ","Powhatan County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1782-1951 consists of cases concerning issues of equity brought largely by residents of the county and filed in the circuit court. These cases often involve the following actions: divisions of estates or land, disputes over wills, disputes regarding contracts, debt, divorce, and business disputes. Other less prevalent issues include freedom suits, permissions to sell property, and disputes concerning trespass. Predominant documents found in these chancery causes include bills (documents the plaintiff's complaint), answers (defendant's response to the plaintiff's complaint), decrees (court's decision), depositions, affidavits, correspondence, lists of heirs, deeds, plats, wills, records involving enslaved individuals, business records or vital statistics. \n"," These records contain one box of \"Orphan Chancery.\" These records contain parts, often single items, of chancery causes which could not be further identified as belonging to a certain case.","Suit includes copy of marriage contract between William Sidney Warwick and Eliza Louisa Holdsworth recorded in Great Britain and filed in Powhatan County.\n ","There are no restrictions.\n","Library of Virginia\n","English\n"],"collection_title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Chancery Causes,\n1782-1951 (bulk 1822-1913)"],"collection_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Chancery Causes,\n1782-1951 (bulk 1822-1913)"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"creator_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Powhatan County (Va.) in 2004 under accession number 41545. ","Additional records were transferred to the Library of Virginia in 2009 under accession number 44158 and as part of an undated accession. ","Additional records were purchased by LVA from a private collector in 2018 under accession number 52315. "],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["75.75 cubic feet (162 boxes); Digital images."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e Powhatan County Chancery Causes, 1782-1929 digital images can be found on the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/chancery/\"\u003eChancery Records Index\u003c/extref\u003e available electronically at the website of the Library of Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSome post-1914 material has been processed and indexed. That indexed information can be found on the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/chancery/\"\u003eChancery Records Index\u003c/extref\u003e available electronically at the website of the Library of Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":[" Powhatan County Chancery Causes, 1782-1929 digital images can be found on the Chancery Records Index available electronically at the website of the Library of Virginia.\n","Some post-1914 material has been processed and indexed. That indexed information can be found on the Chancery Records Index available electronically at the website of the Library of Virginia.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOrganized by case, of which each is assigned a unique index number comprised of the latest year found in case and a sequentially increasing 3-digit number assigned by the processor as cases for that year are found. Arranged chronologically. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArrangement of documents within each folder are as follows: Bill, Answer, and Final Decree (if found).\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Organized by case, of which each is assigned a unique index number comprised of the latest year found in case and a sequentially increasing 3-digit number assigned by the processor as cases for that year are found. Arranged chronologically. \n","Arrangement of documents within each folder are as follows: Bill, Answer, and Final Decree (if found)."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"bold\"\u003eContext of Record type:\u003c/title\u003e Chancery Causes are cases of equity. According to Black's Law Dictionary they are \"administered according to fairness as contrasted with the strictly formulated rules of common law.\" A judge, not a jury, determines the outcome of the case; however, the judge is basing the decision on findings compiled and documented by Commissioners. Chancery causes are useful when researching local history, genealogical information, and land or estate divisions. They are a valuable source of local, state, social, and legal history and serve as a primary source for understanding a locality's history. Chancery causes document the lived experiences of free and enslaved individuals; women; children; people living with physical disabilities or mental health struggles; people living in poverty; defunct institutions and corporate entities; or those that may not have otherwise left traditional written histories.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History:\u003c/title\u003e Powhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context of Record type: Chancery Causes are cases of equity. According to Black's Law Dictionary they are \"administered according to fairness as contrasted with the strictly formulated rules of common law.\" A judge, not a jury, determines the outcome of the case; however, the judge is basing the decision on findings compiled and documented by Commissioners. Chancery causes are useful when researching local history, genealogical information, and land or estate divisions. They are a valuable source of local, state, social, and legal history and serve as a primary source for understanding a locality's history. Chancery causes document the lived experiences of free and enslaved individuals; women; children; people living with physical disabilities or mental health struggles; people living in poverty; defunct institutions and corporate entities; or those that may not have otherwise left traditional written histories.\n","Locality History: Powhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1782-1938. (Cite style of suit and chancery index no.). Local government records collection, Powhatan County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia, 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1782-1938. (Cite style of suit and chancery index no.). Local government records collection, Powhatan County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia, 23219.\n"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe majority of records from this collection were processed in two separate groups. The first group, Chancery Causes, 1782-1929, was processed prior to 2009 while the second group, Chancery Causes, 1793-1910, was processed prior to 2012. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Additional records were processed and interfiled into the collection during a cataloguing assessment project in 2024-2025. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are currently no plans to process or index any additional post-1913 records.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEncoded by G. Crawford: 2008; Updated by E. Swain: 2025 \u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information \n"],"processinfo_tesim":["The majority of records from this collection were processed in two separate groups. The first group, Chancery Causes, 1782-1929, was processed prior to 2009 while the second group, Chancery Causes, 1793-1910, was processed prior to 2012. "," Additional records were processed and interfiled into the collection during a cataloguing assessment project in 2024-2025. ","There are currently no plans to process or index any additional post-1913 records.","Encoded by G. Crawford: 2008; Updated by E. Swain: 2025 "],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Powhatan County Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA219\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional unindexed post-1913 records may be available at the Powhatan County Circuit Court Clerk's Office. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e See also:\u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi01515.xml\"\u003eVirginia Superior Court of Chancery (Richmond District) Records, 1806-1850. \u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Powhatan County Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Additional unindexed post-1913 records may be available at the Powhatan County Circuit Court Clerk's Office. "," See also: Virginia Superior Court of Chancery (Richmond District) Records, 1806-1850. "],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1782-1951 consists of cases concerning issues of equity brought largely by residents of the county and filed in the circuit court. These cases often involve the following actions: divisions of estates or land, disputes over wills, disputes regarding contracts, debt, divorce, and business disputes. Other less prevalent issues include freedom suits, permissions to sell property, and disputes concerning trespass. Predominant documents found in these chancery causes include bills (documents the plaintiff's complaint), answers (defendant's response to the plaintiff's complaint), decrees (court's decision), depositions, affidavits, correspondence, lists of heirs, deeds, plats, wills, records involving enslaved individuals, business records or vital statistics. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e These records contain one box of \"Orphan Chancery.\" These records contain parts, often single items, of chancery causes which could not be further identified as belonging to a certain case.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSuit includes copy of marriage contract between William Sidney Warwick and Eliza Louisa Holdsworth recorded in Great Britain and filed in Powhatan County.\n \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1782-1951 consists of cases concerning issues of equity brought largely by residents of the county and filed in the circuit court. These cases often involve the following actions: divisions of estates or land, disputes over wills, disputes regarding contracts, debt, divorce, and business disputes. Other less prevalent issues include freedom suits, permissions to sell property, and disputes concerning trespass. Predominant documents found in these chancery causes include bills (documents the plaintiff's complaint), answers (defendant's response to the plaintiff's complaint), decrees (court's decision), depositions, affidavits, correspondence, lists of heirs, deeds, plats, wills, records involving enslaved individuals, business records or vital statistics. \n"," These records contain one box of \"Orphan Chancery.\" These records contain parts, often single items, of chancery causes which could not be further identified as belonging to a certain case.","Suit includes copy of marriage contract between William Sidney Warwick and Eliza Louisa Holdsworth recorded in Great Britain and filed in Powhatan County.\n "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:45:46.880Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi02418","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02418","_root_":"vi_vi02418","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02418","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi02418.xml","title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Chancery Causes,\n1782-1951 (bulk 1822-1913)"],"title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Chancery Causes,\n1782-1951 (bulk 1822-1913)"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Chancery Causes,\n1782-1951 (bulk 1822-1913)"],"text":["Powhatan County (Va.) Chancery Causes,\n1782-1951 (bulk 1822-1913)","75.75 cubic feet (162 boxes); Digital images."," Powhatan County Chancery Causes, 1782-1929 digital images can be found on the Chancery Records Index available electronically at the website of the Library of Virginia.\n","Some post-1914 material has been processed and indexed. That indexed information can be found on the Chancery Records Index available electronically at the website of the Library of Virginia.\n","Organized by case, of which each is assigned a unique index number comprised of the latest year found in case and a sequentially increasing 3-digit number assigned by the processor as cases for that year are found. Arranged chronologically. \n","Arrangement of documents within each folder are as follows: Bill, Answer, and Final Decree (if found).","Context of Record type: Chancery Causes are cases of equity. According to Black's Law Dictionary they are \"administered according to fairness as contrasted with the strictly formulated rules of common law.\" A judge, not a jury, determines the outcome of the case; however, the judge is basing the decision on findings compiled and documented by Commissioners. Chancery causes are useful when researching local history, genealogical information, and land or estate divisions. They are a valuable source of local, state, social, and legal history and serve as a primary source for understanding a locality's history. Chancery causes document the lived experiences of free and enslaved individuals; women; children; people living with physical disabilities or mental health struggles; people living in poverty; defunct institutions and corporate entities; or those that may not have otherwise left traditional written histories.\n","Locality History: Powhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850.\n","The majority of records from this collection were processed in two separate groups. The first group, Chancery Causes, 1782-1929, was processed prior to 2009 while the second group, Chancery Causes, 1793-1910, was processed prior to 2012. "," Additional records were processed and interfiled into the collection during a cataloguing assessment project in 2024-2025. ","There are currently no plans to process or index any additional post-1913 records.","Encoded by G. Crawford: 2008; Updated by E. Swain: 2025 ","Additional Powhatan County Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Additional unindexed post-1913 records may be available at the Powhatan County Circuit Court Clerk's Office. "," See also: Virginia Superior Court of Chancery (Richmond District) Records, 1806-1850. ","Powhatan County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1782-1951 consists of cases concerning issues of equity brought largely by residents of the county and filed in the circuit court. These cases often involve the following actions: divisions of estates or land, disputes over wills, disputes regarding contracts, debt, divorce, and business disputes. Other less prevalent issues include freedom suits, permissions to sell property, and disputes concerning trespass. Predominant documents found in these chancery causes include bills (documents the plaintiff's complaint), answers (defendant's response to the plaintiff's complaint), decrees (court's decision), depositions, affidavits, correspondence, lists of heirs, deeds, plats, wills, records involving enslaved individuals, business records or vital statistics. \n"," These records contain one box of \"Orphan Chancery.\" These records contain parts, often single items, of chancery causes which could not be further identified as belonging to a certain case.","Suit includes copy of marriage contract between William Sidney Warwick and Eliza Louisa Holdsworth recorded in Great Britain and filed in Powhatan County.\n ","There are no restrictions.\n","Library of Virginia\n","English\n"],"collection_title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Chancery Causes,\n1782-1951 (bulk 1822-1913)"],"collection_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Chancery Causes,\n1782-1951 (bulk 1822-1913)"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"creator_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Powhatan County (Va.) in 2004 under accession number 41545. ","Additional records were transferred to the Library of Virginia in 2009 under accession number 44158 and as part of an undated accession. ","Additional records were purchased by LVA from a private collector in 2018 under accession number 52315. "],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["75.75 cubic feet (162 boxes); Digital images."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e Powhatan County Chancery Causes, 1782-1929 digital images can be found on the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/chancery/\"\u003eChancery Records Index\u003c/extref\u003e available electronically at the website of the Library of Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSome post-1914 material has been processed and indexed. That indexed information can be found on the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/chancery/\"\u003eChancery Records Index\u003c/extref\u003e available electronically at the website of the Library of Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":[" Powhatan County Chancery Causes, 1782-1929 digital images can be found on the Chancery Records Index available electronically at the website of the Library of Virginia.\n","Some post-1914 material has been processed and indexed. That indexed information can be found on the Chancery Records Index available electronically at the website of the Library of Virginia.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOrganized by case, of which each is assigned a unique index number comprised of the latest year found in case and a sequentially increasing 3-digit number assigned by the processor as cases for that year are found. Arranged chronologically. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArrangement of documents within each folder are as follows: Bill, Answer, and Final Decree (if found).\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Organized by case, of which each is assigned a unique index number comprised of the latest year found in case and a sequentially increasing 3-digit number assigned by the processor as cases for that year are found. Arranged chronologically. \n","Arrangement of documents within each folder are as follows: Bill, Answer, and Final Decree (if found)."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"bold\"\u003eContext of Record type:\u003c/title\u003e Chancery Causes are cases of equity. According to Black's Law Dictionary they are \"administered according to fairness as contrasted with the strictly formulated rules of common law.\" A judge, not a jury, determines the outcome of the case; however, the judge is basing the decision on findings compiled and documented by Commissioners. Chancery causes are useful when researching local history, genealogical information, and land or estate divisions. They are a valuable source of local, state, social, and legal history and serve as a primary source for understanding a locality's history. Chancery causes document the lived experiences of free and enslaved individuals; women; children; people living with physical disabilities or mental health struggles; people living in poverty; defunct institutions and corporate entities; or those that may not have otherwise left traditional written histories.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History:\u003c/title\u003e Powhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context of Record type: Chancery Causes are cases of equity. According to Black's Law Dictionary they are \"administered according to fairness as contrasted with the strictly formulated rules of common law.\" A judge, not a jury, determines the outcome of the case; however, the judge is basing the decision on findings compiled and documented by Commissioners. Chancery causes are useful when researching local history, genealogical information, and land or estate divisions. They are a valuable source of local, state, social, and legal history and serve as a primary source for understanding a locality's history. Chancery causes document the lived experiences of free and enslaved individuals; women; children; people living with physical disabilities or mental health struggles; people living in poverty; defunct institutions and corporate entities; or those that may not have otherwise left traditional written histories.\n","Locality History: Powhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1782-1938. (Cite style of suit and chancery index no.). Local government records collection, Powhatan County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia, 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1782-1938. (Cite style of suit and chancery index no.). Local government records collection, Powhatan County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia, 23219.\n"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe majority of records from this collection were processed in two separate groups. The first group, Chancery Causes, 1782-1929, was processed prior to 2009 while the second group, Chancery Causes, 1793-1910, was processed prior to 2012. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Additional records were processed and interfiled into the collection during a cataloguing assessment project in 2024-2025. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are currently no plans to process or index any additional post-1913 records.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEncoded by G. Crawford: 2008; Updated by E. Swain: 2025 \u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information \n"],"processinfo_tesim":["The majority of records from this collection were processed in two separate groups. The first group, Chancery Causes, 1782-1929, was processed prior to 2009 while the second group, Chancery Causes, 1793-1910, was processed prior to 2012. "," Additional records were processed and interfiled into the collection during a cataloguing assessment project in 2024-2025. ","There are currently no plans to process or index any additional post-1913 records.","Encoded by G. Crawford: 2008; Updated by E. Swain: 2025 "],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Powhatan County Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA219\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional unindexed post-1913 records may be available at the Powhatan County Circuit Court Clerk's Office. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e See also:\u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi01515.xml\"\u003eVirginia Superior Court of Chancery (Richmond District) Records, 1806-1850. \u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Powhatan County Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Additional unindexed post-1913 records may be available at the Powhatan County Circuit Court Clerk's Office. "," See also: Virginia Superior Court of Chancery (Richmond District) Records, 1806-1850. "],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1782-1951 consists of cases concerning issues of equity brought largely by residents of the county and filed in the circuit court. These cases often involve the following actions: divisions of estates or land, disputes over wills, disputes regarding contracts, debt, divorce, and business disputes. Other less prevalent issues include freedom suits, permissions to sell property, and disputes concerning trespass. Predominant documents found in these chancery causes include bills (documents the plaintiff's complaint), answers (defendant's response to the plaintiff's complaint), decrees (court's decision), depositions, affidavits, correspondence, lists of heirs, deeds, plats, wills, records involving enslaved individuals, business records or vital statistics. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e These records contain one box of \"Orphan Chancery.\" These records contain parts, often single items, of chancery causes which could not be further identified as belonging to a certain case.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSuit includes copy of marriage contract between William Sidney Warwick and Eliza Louisa Holdsworth recorded in Great Britain and filed in Powhatan County.\n \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1782-1951 consists of cases concerning issues of equity brought largely by residents of the county and filed in the circuit court. These cases often involve the following actions: divisions of estates or land, disputes over wills, disputes regarding contracts, debt, divorce, and business disputes. Other less prevalent issues include freedom suits, permissions to sell property, and disputes concerning trespass. Predominant documents found in these chancery causes include bills (documents the plaintiff's complaint), answers (defendant's response to the plaintiff's complaint), decrees (court's decision), depositions, affidavits, correspondence, lists of heirs, deeds, plats, wills, records involving enslaved individuals, business records or vital statistics. \n"," These records contain one box of \"Orphan Chancery.\" These records contain parts, often single items, of chancery causes which could not be further identified as belonging to a certain case.","Suit includes copy of marriage contract between William Sidney Warwick and Eliza Louisa Holdsworth recorded in Great Britain and filed in Powhatan County.\n "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:45:46.880Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02418"}},{"id":"vi_vi05017","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Powhatan County (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, \n1850-1881","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05017#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05017#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003ePowhatan county (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, 1850-1881, are criminal court cases and indictments handed down by grand juries in order to prosecute individuals who violated the penal code. The majority of the commonwealth causes involve Free African Americans indicted for remaining in the Commonweath more than one year. One commonwealth cause is a murder case that involves individuals associated with the Ku Klux Klan. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05017#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi05017","ead_ssi":"vi_vi05017","_root_":"vi_vi05017","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi05017","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi05017.xml","title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, \n1850-1881"],"title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, \n1850-1881"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["0007619199\n"],"text":["0007619199\n","Powhatan County (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, \n1850-1881","African Americans--History.","Women--History.","Indictments--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Local government records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Verdicts--Virginia--Powhatan County.",".45 cu. ft. (1 box)","There are no restrictions.\n","Powhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850. The county seat is Powhatan.\n","In 1806, the General Assembly passed a law to suppress the manumissions of slaves by tying emancipation with deportation. The law stated that all emancipated slaves, freed after May 1, 1806, who remained in the Commonwealth more than a year would forfeit their right to freedom and be sold by the Overseers of the Poor for the benefit of the parish.","Additional unprocessed Powhatan County commowealth causes and court records are available at the Library of Virginia.","Additional Powhatan County Court Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Powhatan county (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, 1850-1881, are criminal court cases and indictments handed down by grand juries in order to prosecute individuals who violated the penal code. The majority of the commonwealth causes involve Free African Americans indicted for remaining in the Commonweath more than one year. One commonwealth cause is a murder case that involves individuals associated with the Ku Klux Klan.\n","An indictment is the official, written description of the crime that an accused individual is suspected of committing, which is approved by a grand jury and presented to a court in order to begin legal proceedings. Due to this process, indictments are often referred to as \"presentments.\"","There are no restrictions.\n","Library of Virginia\n","Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["0007619199\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, \n1850-1881"],"collection_title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, \n1850-1881"],"collection_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, \n1850-1881"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"creator_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in shipments of court papers from Powhatan County. \n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans--History.","Women--History.","Indictments--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Local government records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Verdicts--Virginia--Powhatan County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans--History.","Women--History.","Indictments--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Local government records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Verdicts--Virginia--Powhatan County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":[".45 cu. ft. (1 box)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850. The county seat is Powhatan.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1806, the General Assembly passed a law to suppress the manumissions of slaves by tying emancipation with deportation. The law stated that all emancipated slaves, freed after May 1, 1806, who remained in the Commonwealth more than a year would forfeit their right to freedom and be sold by the Overseers of the Poor for the benefit of the parish.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Powhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850. The county seat is Powhatan.\n","In 1806, the General Assembly passed a law to suppress the manumissions of slaves by tying emancipation with deportation. The law stated that all emancipated slaves, freed after May 1, 1806, who remained in the Commonwealth more than a year would forfeit their right to freedom and be sold by the Overseers of the Poor for the benefit of the parish."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, 1850-1881. Local government records collection, Powhatan County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, 1850-1881. Local government records collection, Powhatan County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219. \n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional unprocessed Powhatan County commowealth causes and court records are available at the Library of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional Powhatan County Court Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA219\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional unprocessed Powhatan County commowealth causes and court records are available at the Library of Virginia.","Additional Powhatan County Court Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\""],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan county (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, 1850-1881, are criminal court cases and indictments handed down by grand juries in order to prosecute individuals who violated the penal code. The majority of the commonwealth causes involve Free African Americans indicted for remaining in the Commonweath more than one year. One commonwealth cause is a murder case that involves individuals associated with the Ku Klux Klan.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn indictment is the official, written description of the crime that an accused individual is suspected of committing, which is approved by a grand jury and presented to a court in order to begin legal proceedings. Due to this process, indictments are often referred to as \"presentments.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Powhatan county (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, 1850-1881, are criminal court cases and indictments handed down by grand juries in order to prosecute individuals who violated the penal code. The majority of the commonwealth causes involve Free African Americans indicted for remaining in the Commonweath more than one year. One commonwealth cause is a murder case that involves individuals associated with the Ku Klux Klan.\n","An indictment is the official, written description of the crime that an accused individual is suspected of committing, which is approved by a grand jury and presented to a court in order to begin legal proceedings. Due to this process, indictments are often referred to as \"presentments.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"corpname_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T11:09:45.294Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi05017","ead_ssi":"vi_vi05017","_root_":"vi_vi05017","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi05017","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi05017.xml","title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, \n1850-1881"],"title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, \n1850-1881"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["0007619199\n"],"text":["0007619199\n","Powhatan County (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, \n1850-1881","African Americans--History.","Women--History.","Indictments--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Local government records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Verdicts--Virginia--Powhatan County.",".45 cu. ft. (1 box)","There are no restrictions.\n","Powhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850. The county seat is Powhatan.\n","In 1806, the General Assembly passed a law to suppress the manumissions of slaves by tying emancipation with deportation. The law stated that all emancipated slaves, freed after May 1, 1806, who remained in the Commonwealth more than a year would forfeit their right to freedom and be sold by the Overseers of the Poor for the benefit of the parish.","Additional unprocessed Powhatan County commowealth causes and court records are available at the Library of Virginia.","Additional Powhatan County Court Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Powhatan county (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, 1850-1881, are criminal court cases and indictments handed down by grand juries in order to prosecute individuals who violated the penal code. The majority of the commonwealth causes involve Free African Americans indicted for remaining in the Commonweath more than one year. One commonwealth cause is a murder case that involves individuals associated with the Ku Klux Klan.\n","An indictment is the official, written description of the crime that an accused individual is suspected of committing, which is approved by a grand jury and presented to a court in order to begin legal proceedings. Due to this process, indictments are often referred to as \"presentments.\"","There are no restrictions.\n","Library of Virginia\n","Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["0007619199\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, \n1850-1881"],"collection_title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, \n1850-1881"],"collection_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, \n1850-1881"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"creator_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in shipments of court papers from Powhatan County. \n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans--History.","Women--History.","Indictments--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Local government records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Verdicts--Virginia--Powhatan County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans--History.","Women--History.","Indictments--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Local government records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Verdicts--Virginia--Powhatan County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":[".45 cu. ft. (1 box)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850. The county seat is Powhatan.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1806, the General Assembly passed a law to suppress the manumissions of slaves by tying emancipation with deportation. The law stated that all emancipated slaves, freed after May 1, 1806, who remained in the Commonwealth more than a year would forfeit their right to freedom and be sold by the Overseers of the Poor for the benefit of the parish.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Powhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850. The county seat is Powhatan.\n","In 1806, the General Assembly passed a law to suppress the manumissions of slaves by tying emancipation with deportation. The law stated that all emancipated slaves, freed after May 1, 1806, who remained in the Commonwealth more than a year would forfeit their right to freedom and be sold by the Overseers of the Poor for the benefit of the parish."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, 1850-1881. Local government records collection, Powhatan County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, 1850-1881. Local government records collection, Powhatan County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219. \n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional unprocessed Powhatan County commowealth causes and court records are available at the Library of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional Powhatan County Court Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA219\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional unprocessed Powhatan County commowealth causes and court records are available at the Library of Virginia.","Additional Powhatan County Court Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\""],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan county (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, 1850-1881, are criminal court cases and indictments handed down by grand juries in order to prosecute individuals who violated the penal code. The majority of the commonwealth causes involve Free African Americans indicted for remaining in the Commonweath more than one year. One commonwealth cause is a murder case that involves individuals associated with the Ku Klux Klan.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn indictment is the official, written description of the crime that an accused individual is suspected of committing, which is approved by a grand jury and presented to a court in order to begin legal proceedings. Due to this process, indictments are often referred to as \"presentments.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Powhatan county (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, 1850-1881, are criminal court cases and indictments handed down by grand juries in order to prosecute individuals who violated the penal code. The majority of the commonwealth causes involve Free African Americans indicted for remaining in the Commonweath more than one year. One commonwealth cause is a murder case that involves individuals associated with the Ku Klux Klan.\n","An indictment is the official, written description of the crime that an accused individual is suspected of committing, which is approved by a grand jury and presented to a court in order to begin legal proceedings. Due to this process, indictments are often referred to as \"presentments.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"corpname_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T11:09:45.294Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05017"}},{"id":"vi_vi05614","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Powhatan County (Va.) Fiduciary Records\n1770-1934","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05614#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05614#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Fiduciary Records, 1770-1934, include miscellaneous records filed in a local court by trustees, administrators, executors, guardians, and committees that related to the performance of their duties managing a person's estate. These records typically include the following; bonds, appraisements, audits, inventories, accounts, estate divisions, settlements, dowery records, etc. Information related to enslaved people are commonly found in these records. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05614#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi05614","ead_ssi":"vi_vi05614","_root_":"vi_vi05614","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi05614","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi05614.xml","title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Fiduciary Records\n1770-1934"],"title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Fiduciary Records\n1770-1934"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1049876-1049949 circa,1119391- 1178743 circa, 1186818-1188799, 0007326978\n"],"text":["1049876-1049949 circa,1119391- 1178743 circa, 1186818-1188799, 0007326978\n","Powhatan County (Va.) Fiduciary Records\n1770-1934","16.1 cu.ft. (34 boxes)","There are no restrictions.\n","Powhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850.","Additional Powhatan County records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm .\n","Powhatan County (Va.) Fiduciary Records, 1770-1934, include miscellaneous records filed in a local court by trustees, administrators, executors, guardians, and committees that related to the performance of their duties managing a person's estate. These records typically include the following; bonds, appraisements, audits, inventories, accounts, estate divisions, settlements, dowery records, etc. Information related to enslaved people are commonly found in these records. \n"," Contains accounts, inventories, appraisals, bonds, guardian bonds\n"," Fiduciary Records, 1770-1817, (bulk 1812-1817), circa: accounts, inventories, appraisals, bonds, guardian bonds (unprocessed)\n"," Fiduciary Records, 1817-1821, circa: accounts, inventories, appraisals, bonds, guardian bonds; unprocessed\n","Fiduciary Records, 1830-1867, circa: accounts, inventories, appraisals, bonds, guardian bonds; unprocessed\n","Fiduciary Records, 1856-1871, circa: accounts, inventories, appraisals, bonds, guardian bonds; unprocessed\n"," Fiduciary Records include miscellaneous records filed in a local court by trustees, administrators, executors, guardians, and committees that related to the performance of their duties managing a person's estate. These records typically include the following; bonds, appraisements, audits, inventories, accounts, estate divisions, settlements, dowery records, etc. Information related to enslaved people are commonly found in these records. \n"," Fiduciary Records include miscellaneous records filed in a local court by trustees, administrators, executors, guardians, and committees that related to the performance of their duties managing a person's estate. These records typically include the following; bonds, appraisements, audits, inventories, accounts, estate divisions, settlements, dowery records, etc. Information related to enslaved people are commonly found in these records. \n"," Fiduciary Records include miscellaneous records filed in a local court by trustees, administrators, executors, guardians, and committees that related to the performance of their duties managing a person's estate. These records typically include the following; bonds, appraisements, audits, inventories, accounts, estate divisions, settlements, dowery records, etc. Information related to enslaved people are commonly found in these records. \n"," Fiduciary Records include miscellaneous records filed in a local court by trustees, administrators, executors, guardians, and committees that related to the performance of their duties managing a person's estate. These records typically include the following; bonds, appraisements, audits, inventories, accounts, estate divisions, settlements, dowery records, etc. Information related to enslaved people are commonly found in these records. \n"," Fiduciary Records include miscellaneous records filed in a local court by trustees, administrators, executors, guardians, and committees that related to the performance of their duties managing a person's estate. These records typically include the following; bonds, appraisements, audits, inventories, accounts, estate divisions, settlements, dowery records, etc. Information related to enslaved people are commonly found in these records.\n"," Fiduciary Records include miscellaneous records filed in a local court by trustees, administrators, executors, guardians, and committees that related to the performance of their duties managing a person's estate. These records typically include the following; bonds, appraisements, audits, inventories, accounts, estate divisions, settlements, dowery records, etc. Information related to enslaved people are commonly found in these records.\n"," Fiduciary Records include miscellaneous records filed in a local court by trustees, administrators, executors, guardians, and committees that related to the performance of their duties managing a person's estate. These records typically include the following; bonds, appraisements, audits, inventories, accounts, estate divisions, settlements, dowery records, etc. Information related to enslaved people are commonly found in these records.\n"," Fiduciary Records include miscellaneous records filed in a local court by trustees, administrators, executors, guardians, and committees that related to the performance of their duties managing a person's estate. These records typically include the following; bonds, appraisements, audits, inventories, accounts, estate divisions, settlements, dowery records, etc. Information related to enslaved people are commonly found in these records.\n"," Fiduciary Records, 1850-1867: accounts, inventories, appraisals, reports; includes a plat of land of John Spear's children, 1867\n"," Fiduciary Records include miscellaneous records filed in a local court by trustees, administrators, executors, guardians, and committees that related to the performance of their duties managing a person's estate. These records typically include the following; bonds, appraisements, audits, inventories, accounts, estate divisions, settlements, dowery records, etc. Information related to enslaved people are commonly found in these records.\n"," Fiduciary Records, 1816-1824: inventories and appraisements, bonds, orders, accounts and sales, reports, assignments of dower (includes plat of Sarah Matthews, dower, 1824); divisions of land and slaves\n","There are no restrictions.\n","Library of Virginia\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1049876-1049949 circa,1119391- 1178743 circa, 1186818-1188799, 0007326978\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Fiduciary Records\n1770-1934"],"collection_title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Fiduciary Records\n1770-1934"],"collection_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Fiduciary Records\n1770-1934"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"creator_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court records from Powhatan County.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["16.1 cu.ft. (34 boxes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Powhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Fiduciary Records, 1770-1934. Local government records collection, Powhatan County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Fiduciary Records, 1770-1934. Local government records collection, Powhatan County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Powhatan County records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/\"\u003eA Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\u003c/extref\u003e.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Powhatan County records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm .\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Fiduciary Records, 1770-1934, include miscellaneous records filed in a local court by trustees, administrators, executors, guardians, and committees that related to the performance of their duties managing a person's estate. These records typically include the following; bonds, appraisements, audits, inventories, accounts, estate divisions, settlements, dowery records, etc. Information related to enslaved people are commonly found in these records. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Contains accounts, inventories, appraisals, bonds, guardian bonds\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Fiduciary Records, 1770-1817, (bulk 1812-1817), circa: accounts, inventories, appraisals, bonds, guardian bonds (unprocessed)\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Fiduciary Records, 1817-1821, circa: accounts, inventories, appraisals, bonds, guardian bonds; unprocessed\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFiduciary Records, 1830-1867, circa: accounts, inventories, appraisals, bonds, guardian bonds; unprocessed\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFiduciary Records, 1856-1871, circa: accounts, inventories, appraisals, bonds, guardian bonds; unprocessed\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Fiduciary Records include miscellaneous records filed in a local court by trustees, administrators, executors, guardians, and committees that related to the performance of their duties managing a person's estate. These records typically include the following; bonds, appraisements, audits, inventories, accounts, estate divisions, settlements, dowery records, etc. Information related to enslaved people are commonly found in these records. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Fiduciary Records include miscellaneous records filed in a local court by trustees, administrators, executors, guardians, and committees that related to the performance of their duties managing a person's estate. These records typically include the following; bonds, appraisements, audits, inventories, accounts, estate divisions, settlements, dowery records, etc. Information related to enslaved people are commonly found in these records. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Fiduciary Records include miscellaneous records filed in a local court by trustees, administrators, executors, guardians, and committees that related to the performance of their duties managing a person's estate. These records typically include the following; bonds, appraisements, audits, inventories, accounts, estate divisions, settlements, dowery records, etc. Information related to enslaved people are commonly found in these records. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Fiduciary Records include miscellaneous records filed in a local court by trustees, administrators, executors, guardians, and committees that related to the performance of their duties managing a person's estate. These records typically include the following; bonds, appraisements, audits, inventories, accounts, estate divisions, settlements, dowery records, etc. Information related to enslaved people are commonly found in these records. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Fiduciary Records include miscellaneous records filed in a local court by trustees, administrators, executors, guardians, and committees that related to the performance of their duties managing a person's estate. These records typically include the following; bonds, appraisements, audits, inventories, accounts, estate divisions, settlements, dowery records, etc. Information related to enslaved people are commonly found in these records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Fiduciary Records include miscellaneous records filed in a local court by trustees, administrators, executors, guardians, and committees that related to the performance of their duties managing a person's estate. These records typically include the following; bonds, appraisements, audits, inventories, accounts, estate divisions, settlements, dowery records, etc. Information related to enslaved people are commonly found in these records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Fiduciary Records include miscellaneous records filed in a local court by trustees, administrators, executors, guardians, and committees that related to the performance of their duties managing a person's estate. These records typically include the following; bonds, appraisements, audits, inventories, accounts, estate divisions, settlements, dowery records, etc. Information related to enslaved people are commonly found in these records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Fiduciary Records include miscellaneous records filed in a local court by trustees, administrators, executors, guardians, and committees that related to the performance of their duties managing a person's estate. These records typically include the following; bonds, appraisements, audits, inventories, accounts, estate divisions, settlements, dowery records, etc. Information related to enslaved people are commonly found in these records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Fiduciary Records, 1850-1867: accounts, inventories, appraisals, reports; includes a plat of land of John Spear's children, 1867\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Fiduciary Records include miscellaneous records filed in a local court by trustees, administrators, executors, guardians, and committees that related to the performance of their duties managing a person's estate. These records typically include the following; bonds, appraisements, audits, inventories, accounts, estate divisions, settlements, dowery records, etc. Information related to enslaved people are commonly found in these records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Fiduciary Records, 1816-1824: inventories and appraisements, bonds, orders, accounts and sales, reports, assignments of dower (includes plat of Sarah Matthews, dower, 1824); divisions of land and slaves\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Fiduciary Records, 1770-1934, include miscellaneous records filed in a local court by trustees, administrators, executors, guardians, and committees that related to the performance of their duties managing a person's estate. These records typically include the following; bonds, appraisements, audits, inventories, accounts, estate divisions, settlements, dowery records, etc. Information related to enslaved people are commonly found in these records. \n"," Contains accounts, inventories, appraisals, bonds, guardian bonds\n"," Fiduciary Records, 1770-1817, (bulk 1812-1817), circa: accounts, inventories, appraisals, bonds, guardian bonds (unprocessed)\n"," Fiduciary Records, 1817-1821, circa: accounts, inventories, appraisals, bonds, guardian bonds; unprocessed\n","Fiduciary Records, 1830-1867, circa: accounts, inventories, appraisals, bonds, guardian bonds; unprocessed\n","Fiduciary Records, 1856-1871, circa: accounts, inventories, appraisals, bonds, guardian bonds; unprocessed\n"," Fiduciary Records include miscellaneous records filed in a local court by trustees, administrators, executors, guardians, and committees that related to the performance of their duties managing a person's estate. These records typically include the following; bonds, appraisements, audits, inventories, accounts, estate divisions, settlements, dowery records, etc. Information related to enslaved people are commonly found in these records. \n"," Fiduciary Records include miscellaneous records filed in a local court by trustees, administrators, executors, guardians, and committees that related to the performance of their duties managing a person's estate. These records typically include the following; bonds, appraisements, audits, inventories, accounts, estate divisions, settlements, dowery records, etc. Information related to enslaved people are commonly found in these records. \n"," Fiduciary Records include miscellaneous records filed in a local court by trustees, administrators, executors, guardians, and committees that related to the performance of their duties managing a person's estate. These records typically include the following; bonds, appraisements, audits, inventories, accounts, estate divisions, settlements, dowery records, etc. Information related to enslaved people are commonly found in these records. \n"," Fiduciary Records include miscellaneous records filed in a local court by trustees, administrators, executors, guardians, and committees that related to the performance of their duties managing a person's estate. These records typically include the following; bonds, appraisements, audits, inventories, accounts, estate divisions, settlements, dowery records, etc. Information related to enslaved people are commonly found in these records. \n"," Fiduciary Records include miscellaneous records filed in a local court by trustees, administrators, executors, guardians, and committees that related to the performance of their duties managing a person's estate. These records typically include the following; bonds, appraisements, audits, inventories, accounts, estate divisions, settlements, dowery records, etc. Information related to enslaved people are commonly found in these records.\n"," Fiduciary Records include miscellaneous records filed in a local court by trustees, administrators, executors, guardians, and committees that related to the performance of their duties managing a person's estate. These records typically include the following; bonds, appraisements, audits, inventories, accounts, estate divisions, settlements, dowery records, etc. Information related to enslaved people are commonly found in these records.\n"," Fiduciary Records include miscellaneous records filed in a local court by trustees, administrators, executors, guardians, and committees that related to the performance of their duties managing a person's estate. These records typically include the following; bonds, appraisements, audits, inventories, accounts, estate divisions, settlements, dowery records, etc. Information related to enslaved people are commonly found in these records.\n"," Fiduciary Records include miscellaneous records filed in a local court by trustees, administrators, executors, guardians, and committees that related to the performance of their duties managing a person's estate. These records typically include the following; bonds, appraisements, audits, inventories, accounts, estate divisions, settlements, dowery records, etc. Information related to enslaved people are commonly found in these records.\n"," Fiduciary Records, 1850-1867: accounts, inventories, appraisals, reports; includes a plat of land of John Spear's children, 1867\n"," Fiduciary Records include miscellaneous records filed in a local court by trustees, administrators, executors, guardians, and committees that related to the performance of their duties managing a person's estate. These records typically include the following; bonds, appraisements, audits, inventories, accounts, estate divisions, settlements, dowery records, etc. Information related to enslaved people are commonly found in these records.\n"," Fiduciary Records, 1816-1824: inventories and appraisements, bonds, orders, accounts and sales, reports, assignments of dower (includes plat of Sarah Matthews, dower, 1824); divisions of land and slaves\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":16,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T09:51:47.156Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi05614","ead_ssi":"vi_vi05614","_root_":"vi_vi05614","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi05614","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi05614.xml","title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Fiduciary Records\n1770-1934"],"title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Fiduciary Records\n1770-1934"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1049876-1049949 circa,1119391- 1178743 circa, 1186818-1188799, 0007326978\n"],"text":["1049876-1049949 circa,1119391- 1178743 circa, 1186818-1188799, 0007326978\n","Powhatan County (Va.) Fiduciary Records\n1770-1934","16.1 cu.ft. (34 boxes)","There are no restrictions.\n","Powhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850.","Additional Powhatan County records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm .\n","Powhatan County (Va.) Fiduciary Records, 1770-1934, include miscellaneous records filed in a local court by trustees, administrators, executors, guardians, and committees that related to the performance of their duties managing a person's estate. These records typically include the following; bonds, appraisements, audits, inventories, accounts, estate divisions, settlements, dowery records, etc. Information related to enslaved people are commonly found in these records. \n"," Contains accounts, inventories, appraisals, bonds, guardian bonds\n"," Fiduciary Records, 1770-1817, (bulk 1812-1817), circa: accounts, inventories, appraisals, bonds, guardian bonds (unprocessed)\n"," Fiduciary Records, 1817-1821, circa: accounts, inventories, appraisals, bonds, guardian bonds; unprocessed\n","Fiduciary Records, 1830-1867, circa: accounts, inventories, appraisals, bonds, guardian bonds; unprocessed\n","Fiduciary Records, 1856-1871, circa: accounts, inventories, appraisals, bonds, guardian bonds; unprocessed\n"," Fiduciary Records include miscellaneous records filed in a local court by trustees, administrators, executors, guardians, and committees that related to the performance of their duties managing a person's estate. These records typically include the following; bonds, appraisements, audits, inventories, accounts, estate divisions, settlements, dowery records, etc. Information related to enslaved people are commonly found in these records. \n"," Fiduciary Records include miscellaneous records filed in a local court by trustees, administrators, executors, guardians, and committees that related to the performance of their duties managing a person's estate. These records typically include the following; bonds, appraisements, audits, inventories, accounts, estate divisions, settlements, dowery records, etc. Information related to enslaved people are commonly found in these records. \n"," Fiduciary Records include miscellaneous records filed in a local court by trustees, administrators, executors, guardians, and committees that related to the performance of their duties managing a person's estate. These records typically include the following; bonds, appraisements, audits, inventories, accounts, estate divisions, settlements, dowery records, etc. Information related to enslaved people are commonly found in these records. \n"," Fiduciary Records include miscellaneous records filed in a local court by trustees, administrators, executors, guardians, and committees that related to the performance of their duties managing a person's estate. These records typically include the following; bonds, appraisements, audits, inventories, accounts, estate divisions, settlements, dowery records, etc. Information related to enslaved people are commonly found in these records. \n"," Fiduciary Records include miscellaneous records filed in a local court by trustees, administrators, executors, guardians, and committees that related to the performance of their duties managing a person's estate. These records typically include the following; bonds, appraisements, audits, inventories, accounts, estate divisions, settlements, dowery records, etc. Information related to enslaved people are commonly found in these records.\n"," Fiduciary Records include miscellaneous records filed in a local court by trustees, administrators, executors, guardians, and committees that related to the performance of their duties managing a person's estate. These records typically include the following; bonds, appraisements, audits, inventories, accounts, estate divisions, settlements, dowery records, etc. Information related to enslaved people are commonly found in these records.\n"," Fiduciary Records include miscellaneous records filed in a local court by trustees, administrators, executors, guardians, and committees that related to the performance of their duties managing a person's estate. These records typically include the following; bonds, appraisements, audits, inventories, accounts, estate divisions, settlements, dowery records, etc. Information related to enslaved people are commonly found in these records.\n"," Fiduciary Records include miscellaneous records filed in a local court by trustees, administrators, executors, guardians, and committees that related to the performance of their duties managing a person's estate. These records typically include the following; bonds, appraisements, audits, inventories, accounts, estate divisions, settlements, dowery records, etc. Information related to enslaved people are commonly found in these records.\n"," Fiduciary Records, 1850-1867: accounts, inventories, appraisals, reports; includes a plat of land of John Spear's children, 1867\n"," Fiduciary Records include miscellaneous records filed in a local court by trustees, administrators, executors, guardians, and committees that related to the performance of their duties managing a person's estate. These records typically include the following; bonds, appraisements, audits, inventories, accounts, estate divisions, settlements, dowery records, etc. Information related to enslaved people are commonly found in these records.\n"," Fiduciary Records, 1816-1824: inventories and appraisements, bonds, orders, accounts and sales, reports, assignments of dower (includes plat of Sarah Matthews, dower, 1824); divisions of land and slaves\n","There are no restrictions.\n","Library of Virginia\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1049876-1049949 circa,1119391- 1178743 circa, 1186818-1188799, 0007326978\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Fiduciary Records\n1770-1934"],"collection_title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Fiduciary Records\n1770-1934"],"collection_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Fiduciary Records\n1770-1934"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"creator_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court records from Powhatan County.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["16.1 cu.ft. (34 boxes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Powhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Fiduciary Records, 1770-1934. Local government records collection, Powhatan County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Fiduciary Records, 1770-1934. Local government records collection, Powhatan County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Powhatan County records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/\"\u003eA Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\u003c/extref\u003e.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Powhatan County records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm .\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Fiduciary Records, 1770-1934, include miscellaneous records filed in a local court by trustees, administrators, executors, guardians, and committees that related to the performance of their duties managing a person's estate. These records typically include the following; bonds, appraisements, audits, inventories, accounts, estate divisions, settlements, dowery records, etc. Information related to enslaved people are commonly found in these records. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Contains accounts, inventories, appraisals, bonds, guardian bonds\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Fiduciary Records, 1770-1817, (bulk 1812-1817), circa: accounts, inventories, appraisals, bonds, guardian bonds (unprocessed)\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Fiduciary Records, 1817-1821, circa: accounts, inventories, appraisals, bonds, guardian bonds; unprocessed\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFiduciary Records, 1830-1867, circa: accounts, inventories, appraisals, bonds, guardian bonds; unprocessed\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFiduciary Records, 1856-1871, circa: accounts, inventories, appraisals, bonds, guardian bonds; unprocessed\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Fiduciary Records include miscellaneous records filed in a local court by trustees, administrators, executors, guardians, and committees that related to the performance of their duties managing a person's estate. These records typically include the following; bonds, appraisements, audits, inventories, accounts, estate divisions, settlements, dowery records, etc. Information related to enslaved people are commonly found in these records. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Fiduciary Records include miscellaneous records filed in a local court by trustees, administrators, executors, guardians, and committees that related to the performance of their duties managing a person's estate. These records typically include the following; bonds, appraisements, audits, inventories, accounts, estate divisions, settlements, dowery records, etc. Information related to enslaved people are commonly found in these records. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Fiduciary Records include miscellaneous records filed in a local court by trustees, administrators, executors, guardians, and committees that related to the performance of their duties managing a person's estate. These records typically include the following; bonds, appraisements, audits, inventories, accounts, estate divisions, settlements, dowery records, etc. Information related to enslaved people are commonly found in these records. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Fiduciary Records include miscellaneous records filed in a local court by trustees, administrators, executors, guardians, and committees that related to the performance of their duties managing a person's estate. These records typically include the following; bonds, appraisements, audits, inventories, accounts, estate divisions, settlements, dowery records, etc. Information related to enslaved people are commonly found in these records. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Fiduciary Records include miscellaneous records filed in a local court by trustees, administrators, executors, guardians, and committees that related to the performance of their duties managing a person's estate. These records typically include the following; bonds, appraisements, audits, inventories, accounts, estate divisions, settlements, dowery records, etc. Information related to enslaved people are commonly found in these records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Fiduciary Records include miscellaneous records filed in a local court by trustees, administrators, executors, guardians, and committees that related to the performance of their duties managing a person's estate. These records typically include the following; bonds, appraisements, audits, inventories, accounts, estate divisions, settlements, dowery records, etc. Information related to enslaved people are commonly found in these records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Fiduciary Records include miscellaneous records filed in a local court by trustees, administrators, executors, guardians, and committees that related to the performance of their duties managing a person's estate. These records typically include the following; bonds, appraisements, audits, inventories, accounts, estate divisions, settlements, dowery records, etc. Information related to enslaved people are commonly found in these records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Fiduciary Records include miscellaneous records filed in a local court by trustees, administrators, executors, guardians, and committees that related to the performance of their duties managing a person's estate. These records typically include the following; bonds, appraisements, audits, inventories, accounts, estate divisions, settlements, dowery records, etc. Information related to enslaved people are commonly found in these records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Fiduciary Records, 1850-1867: accounts, inventories, appraisals, reports; includes a plat of land of John Spear's children, 1867\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Fiduciary Records include miscellaneous records filed in a local court by trustees, administrators, executors, guardians, and committees that related to the performance of their duties managing a person's estate. These records typically include the following; bonds, appraisements, audits, inventories, accounts, estate divisions, settlements, dowery records, etc. Information related to enslaved people are commonly found in these records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Fiduciary Records, 1816-1824: inventories and appraisements, bonds, orders, accounts and sales, reports, assignments of dower (includes plat of Sarah Matthews, dower, 1824); divisions of land and slaves\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Fiduciary Records, 1770-1934, include miscellaneous records filed in a local court by trustees, administrators, executors, guardians, and committees that related to the performance of their duties managing a person's estate. These records typically include the following; bonds, appraisements, audits, inventories, accounts, estate divisions, settlements, dowery records, etc. Information related to enslaved people are commonly found in these records. \n"," Contains accounts, inventories, appraisals, bonds, guardian bonds\n"," Fiduciary Records, 1770-1817, (bulk 1812-1817), circa: accounts, inventories, appraisals, bonds, guardian bonds (unprocessed)\n"," Fiduciary Records, 1817-1821, circa: accounts, inventories, appraisals, bonds, guardian bonds; unprocessed\n","Fiduciary Records, 1830-1867, circa: accounts, inventories, appraisals, bonds, guardian bonds; unprocessed\n","Fiduciary Records, 1856-1871, circa: accounts, inventories, appraisals, bonds, guardian bonds; unprocessed\n"," Fiduciary Records include miscellaneous records filed in a local court by trustees, administrators, executors, guardians, and committees that related to the performance of their duties managing a person's estate. These records typically include the following; bonds, appraisements, audits, inventories, accounts, estate divisions, settlements, dowery records, etc. Information related to enslaved people are commonly found in these records. \n"," Fiduciary Records include miscellaneous records filed in a local court by trustees, administrators, executors, guardians, and committees that related to the performance of their duties managing a person's estate. These records typically include the following; bonds, appraisements, audits, inventories, accounts, estate divisions, settlements, dowery records, etc. Information related to enslaved people are commonly found in these records. \n"," Fiduciary Records include miscellaneous records filed in a local court by trustees, administrators, executors, guardians, and committees that related to the performance of their duties managing a person's estate. These records typically include the following; bonds, appraisements, audits, inventories, accounts, estate divisions, settlements, dowery records, etc. Information related to enslaved people are commonly found in these records. \n"," Fiduciary Records include miscellaneous records filed in a local court by trustees, administrators, executors, guardians, and committees that related to the performance of their duties managing a person's estate. These records typically include the following; bonds, appraisements, audits, inventories, accounts, estate divisions, settlements, dowery records, etc. Information related to enslaved people are commonly found in these records. \n"," Fiduciary Records include miscellaneous records filed in a local court by trustees, administrators, executors, guardians, and committees that related to the performance of their duties managing a person's estate. These records typically include the following; bonds, appraisements, audits, inventories, accounts, estate divisions, settlements, dowery records, etc. Information related to enslaved people are commonly found in these records.\n"," Fiduciary Records include miscellaneous records filed in a local court by trustees, administrators, executors, guardians, and committees that related to the performance of their duties managing a person's estate. These records typically include the following; bonds, appraisements, audits, inventories, accounts, estate divisions, settlements, dowery records, etc. Information related to enslaved people are commonly found in these records.\n"," Fiduciary Records include miscellaneous records filed in a local court by trustees, administrators, executors, guardians, and committees that related to the performance of their duties managing a person's estate. These records typically include the following; bonds, appraisements, audits, inventories, accounts, estate divisions, settlements, dowery records, etc. Information related to enslaved people are commonly found in these records.\n"," Fiduciary Records include miscellaneous records filed in a local court by trustees, administrators, executors, guardians, and committees that related to the performance of their duties managing a person's estate. These records typically include the following; bonds, appraisements, audits, inventories, accounts, estate divisions, settlements, dowery records, etc. Information related to enslaved people are commonly found in these records.\n"," Fiduciary Records, 1850-1867: accounts, inventories, appraisals, reports; includes a plat of land of John Spear's children, 1867\n"," Fiduciary Records include miscellaneous records filed in a local court by trustees, administrators, executors, guardians, and committees that related to the performance of their duties managing a person's estate. These records typically include the following; bonds, appraisements, audits, inventories, accounts, estate divisions, settlements, dowery records, etc. Information related to enslaved people are commonly found in these records.\n"," Fiduciary Records, 1816-1824: inventories and appraisements, bonds, orders, accounts and sales, reports, assignments of dower (includes plat of Sarah Matthews, dower, 1824); divisions of land and slaves\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":16,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T09:51:47.156Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05614"}},{"id":"vi_vi02258","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Powhatan County (Va.) Free Negro and Slave Records, \n1780-1866","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02258#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02258#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Free Negro and Slave Records, 1780-1866. The collection is comprised of free negro registrations, affidavits, and certificates, 1798-1866; and additional free negro and slave records, 1780-1865. Some items are photocopies of documents relating to slaves and free negroes that were located in other Powhatan court records. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02258#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi02258","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02258","_root_":"vi_vi02258","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02258","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi02258.xml","title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Free Negro and Slave Records, \n1780-1866"],"title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Free Negro and Slave Records, \n1780-1866"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1177495, 1188800-1188802\n"],"text":["1177495, 1188800-1188802\n","Powhatan County (Va.) Free Negro and Slave Records, \n1780-1866","Free African Americans--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Slaveholders--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Slavery--Law and legislation--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Slaves--Emancipation--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Affidavits--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Agreements--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Articles of apprenticeship--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Bills of sale--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Certificates--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Deeds--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Fiduciary records--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Free negro and slave records--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Free negro lists--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Free negro registers--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Free papers--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Local government records--Virginia--Powhatan County.\n","Petitions--Virginia--Powhatan County.\n","Tax and fiscal records--Virginia--Powhatan County.\n","1.80 cu. ft. (4 boxes)","There are no restrictions.\n","In part, photocopies.\n","Powhatan County was named for the Indian chieftain who ruled the Native American inhabitants of tidewater Virginia in the early seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added later.\n","An act passed by the Virginia legislature in 1803 required every free negro or mulatto to be registered and numbered in a book to be kept by the county clerk.\n","An act passed in 1806 required freed slaves to leave the state within a year.","The General Assembly of Virginia passed a law as early as July 1, 1861, calling for the enrollment of free negroes to work in the public service.\n","Beginning in 1778, slaveholders who brought slaves into Virginia were required to register the slaves with the county court and sign an oath agreeing not to bring slaves into the commonwealth with the intent of selling them.\n","In 1806, the General Assembly moved to remove the free negro population from Virginia with a law that stated that any emancipated slaves, freed after May 1, 1806, who remained in the Commonwealth more than a year, would forfeit the right to freedom and be sold by the Overseers of the Poor for the benefit of the parish. Families wishing to stay were to petition the legislature through the local county court. Beginning in 1837, freed slaves could petition the local courts for permission to remain. \n","See also: Powhatan County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records, 1866 ","Powhatan County (Va.) Registers of Free Negroes and Mulattoes, 1800-1865, are available on Powhatan County (Va.) Reel 58 and 45.\n","Powhatan County (Va.) Free Negro and Slave Records, 1780-1866. The collection is comprised of free negro registrations, affidavits, and certificates, 1798-1866; and additional free negro and slave records, 1780-1865. Some items are photocopies of documents relating to slaves and free negroes that were located in other Powhatan court records.\n","Free negro registrations, affidavits, and certificates include name, sometimes age and a brief physical description, and the circumstances of the person's freedom or emancipation. If born free, reference is sometimes made to parents. If emancipated, the emancipating owner, place and date of emancipation, and prior registration as a free negro are usually mentioned.\n","Additional free negro and slave records consist of: free negro lists (1801, 1805, 1811, 1812-1823, 1833-1857); lists of free negroes delinquent on taxes (1818-1854); petitions of free negroes to remain in Virginia (1816-1852); miscellaneous petitions of free negroes, including petition of Frank to keep a gun (1818; revoked 1831), motion of Bob to register as a free man (1851), petition of Judith Collins for reenslavement (1858), and petition to provide funds to remove emancipated infants to a free state (1860); papers regarding free negroes requisitioned for public use (1861-1863); certificates of importation of slaves (1870, 1814); certificates of non-importation of slaves (1817); order for removing Bradby's Rachel from the county (1824); warrants of commitment as runaways (1830-1847); agreements to hire slaves (1812-1814); bills of sale and deeds of gift of slaves (1810-1868); bond between Wood and Jordan to free slaves Peter and Jane at the age of 30 years (1850); deeds of emancipation (1798-1807, 1818-1853); fiduciary records pertaining to slave property (1809-1853); papers relating to free negro apprentices (1809-1855); list of taxable property, slaves of William Ronalds (1789); order to place on the poor list Jack belonging to the estate of Peter F. Archer (1825); order exempting 7 slaves of Richmond and Danville Railroad from taxation (1857); recognizance to answer charge of permitting slave to go at large (1861); receipt for Wait Cole and Rachel his wife, free negroes, for taxes (1816).\n","Includes free negro lists (1801, 1805, 1811, 1812-1823, 1833-1857); lists of free negroes delinquent on taxes (1818-1854); petitions of free negroes to remain in Virginia (1816-1852); miscellaneous petitions of free negroes, including petition of Frank to keep a gun (1818; revoked 1831), motion of Bob to register as a free man (1851), petition of Judith Collins for reenslavement (1858), and petition to provide funds to remove emancipated infants to a free state (1860); papers regarding free negroes requisitioned for public use (1861-1863); certificates of importation of slaves (1870, 1814); certificates of non-importation of slaves (1817); order for removing Bradby's Rachel from the county (1824); warrants of commitment as runaways (1830-1847); agreements to hire slaves (1812-1814); bills of sale and deeds of gift of slaves (1810-1868); bond between Wood and Jordan to free slaves Peter and Jane at the age of 30 years (1850); deeds of emancipation (1798-1807, 1818-1853); fiduciary records pertaining to slave property (1809-1853); papers relating to free negro apprentices (1809-1855); list of taxable property, slaves of William Ronalds (1789); order to place on the poor list Jack belonging to the estate of Peter F. Archer (1825); order exempting 7 slaves of Richmond and Danville Railroad from taxation (1857); recognizance to answer charge of permitting slave to go at large (1861); receipt for Wait Cole and Rachel his wife, free negroes, for taxes (1816).\n","There are no restrictions.\n","Library of Virginia\n","Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1177495, 1188800-1188802\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Free Negro and Slave Records, \n1780-1866"],"collection_title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Free Negro and Slave Records, \n1780-1866"],"collection_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Free Negro and Slave Records, \n1780-1866"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"creator_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in transfers of court records from Powhatan County."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Free African Americans--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Slaveholders--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Slavery--Law and legislation--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Slaves--Emancipation--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Affidavits--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Agreements--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Articles of apprenticeship--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Bills of sale--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Certificates--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Deeds--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Fiduciary records--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Free negro and slave records--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Free negro lists--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Free negro registers--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Free papers--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Local government records--Virginia--Powhatan County.\n","Petitions--Virginia--Powhatan County.\n","Tax and fiscal records--Virginia--Powhatan County.\n"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Free African Americans--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Slaveholders--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Slavery--Law and legislation--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Slaves--Emancipation--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Affidavits--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Agreements--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Articles of apprenticeship--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Bills of sale--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Certificates--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Deeds--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Fiduciary records--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Free negro and slave records--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Free negro lists--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Free negro registers--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Free papers--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Local government records--Virginia--Powhatan County.\n","Petitions--Virginia--Powhatan County.\n","Tax and fiscal records--Virginia--Powhatan County.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["1.80 cu. ft. (4 boxes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn part, photocopies.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternative Form Available\n"],"altformavail_tesim":["In part, photocopies.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County was named for the Indian chieftain who ruled the Native American inhabitants of tidewater Virginia in the early seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added later.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn act passed by the Virginia legislature in 1803 required every free negro or mulatto to be registered and numbered in a book to be kept by the county clerk.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn act passed in 1806 required freed slaves to leave the state within a year.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe General Assembly of Virginia passed a law as early as July 1, 1861, calling for the enrollment of free negroes to work in the public service.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBeginning in 1778, slaveholders who brought slaves into Virginia were required to register the slaves with the county court and sign an oath agreeing not to bring slaves into the commonwealth with the intent of selling them.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1806, the General Assembly moved to remove the free negro population from Virginia with a law that stated that any emancipated slaves, freed after May 1, 1806, who remained in the Commonwealth more than a year, would forfeit the right to freedom and be sold by the Overseers of the Poor for the benefit of the parish. Families wishing to stay were to petition the legislature through the local county court. Beginning in 1837, freed slaves could petition the local courts for permission to remain. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Powhatan County was named for the Indian chieftain who ruled the Native American inhabitants of tidewater Virginia in the early seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added later.\n","An act passed by the Virginia legislature in 1803 required every free negro or mulatto to be registered and numbered in a book to be kept by the county clerk.\n","An act passed in 1806 required freed slaves to leave the state within a year.","The General Assembly of Virginia passed a law as early as July 1, 1861, calling for the enrollment of free negroes to work in the public service.\n","Beginning in 1778, slaveholders who brought slaves into Virginia were required to register the slaves with the county court and sign an oath agreeing not to bring slaves into the commonwealth with the intent of selling them.\n","In 1806, the General Assembly moved to remove the free negro population from Virginia with a law that stated that any emancipated slaves, freed after May 1, 1806, who remained in the Commonwealth more than a year, would forfeit the right to freedom and be sold by the Overseers of the Poor for the benefit of the parish. Families wishing to stay were to petition the legislature through the local county court. Beginning in 1837, freed slaves could petition the local courts for permission to remain. \n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Free Negro and Slave Records, 1780-1866. Local government records collection, Powhatan County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Free Negro and Slave Records, 1780-1866. Local government records collection, Powhatan County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee also: \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi04787.xml\"\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records, 1866 \u003c/extref\u003e \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Registers of Free Negroes and Mulattoes, 1800-1865, are available on Powhatan County (Va.) Reel 58 and 45.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See also: Powhatan County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records, 1866 ","Powhatan County (Va.) Registers of Free Negroes and Mulattoes, 1800-1865, are available on Powhatan County (Va.) Reel 58 and 45.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Free Negro and Slave Records, 1780-1866. The collection is comprised of free negro registrations, affidavits, and certificates, 1798-1866; and additional free negro and slave records, 1780-1865. Some items are photocopies of documents relating to slaves and free negroes that were located in other Powhatan court records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFree negro registrations, affidavits, and certificates include name, sometimes age and a brief physical description, and the circumstances of the person's freedom or emancipation. If born free, reference is sometimes made to parents. If emancipated, the emancipating owner, place and date of emancipation, and prior registration as a free negro are usually mentioned.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional free negro and slave records consist of: free negro lists (1801, 1805, 1811, 1812-1823, 1833-1857); lists of free negroes delinquent on taxes (1818-1854); petitions of free negroes to remain in Virginia (1816-1852); miscellaneous petitions of free negroes, including petition of Frank to keep a gun (1818; revoked 1831), motion of Bob to register as a free man (1851), petition of Judith Collins for reenslavement (1858), and petition to provide funds to remove emancipated infants to a free state (1860); papers regarding free negroes requisitioned for public use (1861-1863); certificates of importation of slaves (1870, 1814); certificates of non-importation of slaves (1817); order for removing Bradby's Rachel from the county (1824); warrants of commitment as runaways (1830-1847); agreements to hire slaves (1812-1814); bills of sale and deeds of gift of slaves (1810-1868); bond between Wood and Jordan to free slaves Peter and Jane at the age of 30 years (1850); deeds of emancipation (1798-1807, 1818-1853); fiduciary records pertaining to slave property (1809-1853); papers relating to free negro apprentices (1809-1855); list of taxable property, slaves of William Ronalds (1789); order to place on the poor list Jack belonging to the estate of Peter F. Archer (1825); order exempting 7 slaves of Richmond and Danville Railroad from taxation (1857); recognizance to answer charge of permitting slave to go at large (1861); receipt for Wait Cole and Rachel his wife, free negroes, for taxes (1816).\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes free negro lists (1801, 1805, 1811, 1812-1823, 1833-1857); lists of free negroes delinquent on taxes (1818-1854); petitions of free negroes to remain in Virginia (1816-1852); miscellaneous petitions of free negroes, including petition of Frank to keep a gun (1818; revoked 1831), motion of Bob to register as a free man (1851), petition of Judith Collins for reenslavement (1858), and petition to provide funds to remove emancipated infants to a free state (1860); papers regarding free negroes requisitioned for public use (1861-1863); certificates of importation of slaves (1870, 1814); certificates of non-importation of slaves (1817); order for removing Bradby's Rachel from the county (1824); warrants of commitment as runaways (1830-1847); agreements to hire slaves (1812-1814); bills of sale and deeds of gift of slaves (1810-1868); bond between Wood and Jordan to free slaves Peter and Jane at the age of 30 years (1850); deeds of emancipation (1798-1807, 1818-1853); fiduciary records pertaining to slave property (1809-1853); papers relating to free negro apprentices (1809-1855); list of taxable property, slaves of William Ronalds (1789); order to place on the poor list Jack belonging to the estate of Peter F. Archer (1825); order exempting 7 slaves of Richmond and Danville Railroad from taxation (1857); recognizance to answer charge of permitting slave to go at large (1861); receipt for Wait Cole and Rachel his wife, free negroes, for taxes (1816).\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Free Negro and Slave Records, 1780-1866. The collection is comprised of free negro registrations, affidavits, and certificates, 1798-1866; and additional free negro and slave records, 1780-1865. Some items are photocopies of documents relating to slaves and free negroes that were located in other Powhatan court records.\n","Free negro registrations, affidavits, and certificates include name, sometimes age and a brief physical description, and the circumstances of the person's freedom or emancipation. If born free, reference is sometimes made to parents. If emancipated, the emancipating owner, place and date of emancipation, and prior registration as a free negro are usually mentioned.\n","Additional free negro and slave records consist of: free negro lists (1801, 1805, 1811, 1812-1823, 1833-1857); lists of free negroes delinquent on taxes (1818-1854); petitions of free negroes to remain in Virginia (1816-1852); miscellaneous petitions of free negroes, including petition of Frank to keep a gun (1818; revoked 1831), motion of Bob to register as a free man (1851), petition of Judith Collins for reenslavement (1858), and petition to provide funds to remove emancipated infants to a free state (1860); papers regarding free negroes requisitioned for public use (1861-1863); certificates of importation of slaves (1870, 1814); certificates of non-importation of slaves (1817); order for removing Bradby's Rachel from the county (1824); warrants of commitment as runaways (1830-1847); agreements to hire slaves (1812-1814); bills of sale and deeds of gift of slaves (1810-1868); bond between Wood and Jordan to free slaves Peter and Jane at the age of 30 years (1850); deeds of emancipation (1798-1807, 1818-1853); fiduciary records pertaining to slave property (1809-1853); papers relating to free negro apprentices (1809-1855); list of taxable property, slaves of William Ronalds (1789); order to place on the poor list Jack belonging to the estate of Peter F. Archer (1825); order exempting 7 slaves of Richmond and Danville Railroad from taxation (1857); recognizance to answer charge of permitting slave to go at large (1861); receipt for Wait Cole and Rachel his wife, free negroes, for taxes (1816).\n","Includes free negro lists (1801, 1805, 1811, 1812-1823, 1833-1857); lists of free negroes delinquent on taxes (1818-1854); petitions of free negroes to remain in Virginia (1816-1852); miscellaneous petitions of free negroes, including petition of Frank to keep a gun (1818; revoked 1831), motion of Bob to register as a free man (1851), petition of Judith Collins for reenslavement (1858), and petition to provide funds to remove emancipated infants to a free state (1860); papers regarding free negroes requisitioned for public use (1861-1863); certificates of importation of slaves (1870, 1814); certificates of non-importation of slaves (1817); order for removing Bradby's Rachel from the county (1824); warrants of commitment as runaways (1830-1847); agreements to hire slaves (1812-1814); bills of sale and deeds of gift of slaves (1810-1868); bond between Wood and Jordan to free slaves Peter and Jane at the age of 30 years (1850); deeds of emancipation (1798-1807, 1818-1853); fiduciary records pertaining to slave property (1809-1853); papers relating to free negro apprentices (1809-1855); list of taxable property, slaves of William Ronalds (1789); order to place on the poor list Jack belonging to the estate of Peter F. Archer (1825); order exempting 7 slaves of Richmond and Danville Railroad from taxation (1857); recognizance to answer charge of permitting slave to go at large (1861); receipt for Wait Cole and Rachel his wife, free negroes, for taxes (1816).\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"corpname_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":4,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T11:30:29.002Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi02258","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02258","_root_":"vi_vi02258","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02258","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi02258.xml","title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Free Negro and Slave Records, \n1780-1866"],"title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Free Negro and Slave Records, \n1780-1866"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1177495, 1188800-1188802\n"],"text":["1177495, 1188800-1188802\n","Powhatan County (Va.) Free Negro and Slave Records, \n1780-1866","Free African Americans--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Slaveholders--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Slavery--Law and legislation--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Slaves--Emancipation--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Affidavits--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Agreements--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Articles of apprenticeship--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Bills of sale--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Certificates--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Deeds--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Fiduciary records--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Free negro and slave records--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Free negro lists--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Free negro registers--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Free papers--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Local government records--Virginia--Powhatan County.\n","Petitions--Virginia--Powhatan County.\n","Tax and fiscal records--Virginia--Powhatan County.\n","1.80 cu. ft. (4 boxes)","There are no restrictions.\n","In part, photocopies.\n","Powhatan County was named for the Indian chieftain who ruled the Native American inhabitants of tidewater Virginia in the early seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added later.\n","An act passed by the Virginia legislature in 1803 required every free negro or mulatto to be registered and numbered in a book to be kept by the county clerk.\n","An act passed in 1806 required freed slaves to leave the state within a year.","The General Assembly of Virginia passed a law as early as July 1, 1861, calling for the enrollment of free negroes to work in the public service.\n","Beginning in 1778, slaveholders who brought slaves into Virginia were required to register the slaves with the county court and sign an oath agreeing not to bring slaves into the commonwealth with the intent of selling them.\n","In 1806, the General Assembly moved to remove the free negro population from Virginia with a law that stated that any emancipated slaves, freed after May 1, 1806, who remained in the Commonwealth more than a year, would forfeit the right to freedom and be sold by the Overseers of the Poor for the benefit of the parish. Families wishing to stay were to petition the legislature through the local county court. Beginning in 1837, freed slaves could petition the local courts for permission to remain. \n","See also: Powhatan County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records, 1866 ","Powhatan County (Va.) Registers of Free Negroes and Mulattoes, 1800-1865, are available on Powhatan County (Va.) Reel 58 and 45.\n","Powhatan County (Va.) Free Negro and Slave Records, 1780-1866. The collection is comprised of free negro registrations, affidavits, and certificates, 1798-1866; and additional free negro and slave records, 1780-1865. Some items are photocopies of documents relating to slaves and free negroes that were located in other Powhatan court records.\n","Free negro registrations, affidavits, and certificates include name, sometimes age and a brief physical description, and the circumstances of the person's freedom or emancipation. If born free, reference is sometimes made to parents. If emancipated, the emancipating owner, place and date of emancipation, and prior registration as a free negro are usually mentioned.\n","Additional free negro and slave records consist of: free negro lists (1801, 1805, 1811, 1812-1823, 1833-1857); lists of free negroes delinquent on taxes (1818-1854); petitions of free negroes to remain in Virginia (1816-1852); miscellaneous petitions of free negroes, including petition of Frank to keep a gun (1818; revoked 1831), motion of Bob to register as a free man (1851), petition of Judith Collins for reenslavement (1858), and petition to provide funds to remove emancipated infants to a free state (1860); papers regarding free negroes requisitioned for public use (1861-1863); certificates of importation of slaves (1870, 1814); certificates of non-importation of slaves (1817); order for removing Bradby's Rachel from the county (1824); warrants of commitment as runaways (1830-1847); agreements to hire slaves (1812-1814); bills of sale and deeds of gift of slaves (1810-1868); bond between Wood and Jordan to free slaves Peter and Jane at the age of 30 years (1850); deeds of emancipation (1798-1807, 1818-1853); fiduciary records pertaining to slave property (1809-1853); papers relating to free negro apprentices (1809-1855); list of taxable property, slaves of William Ronalds (1789); order to place on the poor list Jack belonging to the estate of Peter F. Archer (1825); order exempting 7 slaves of Richmond and Danville Railroad from taxation (1857); recognizance to answer charge of permitting slave to go at large (1861); receipt for Wait Cole and Rachel his wife, free negroes, for taxes (1816).\n","Includes free negro lists (1801, 1805, 1811, 1812-1823, 1833-1857); lists of free negroes delinquent on taxes (1818-1854); petitions of free negroes to remain in Virginia (1816-1852); miscellaneous petitions of free negroes, including petition of Frank to keep a gun (1818; revoked 1831), motion of Bob to register as a free man (1851), petition of Judith Collins for reenslavement (1858), and petition to provide funds to remove emancipated infants to a free state (1860); papers regarding free negroes requisitioned for public use (1861-1863); certificates of importation of slaves (1870, 1814); certificates of non-importation of slaves (1817); order for removing Bradby's Rachel from the county (1824); warrants of commitment as runaways (1830-1847); agreements to hire slaves (1812-1814); bills of sale and deeds of gift of slaves (1810-1868); bond between Wood and Jordan to free slaves Peter and Jane at the age of 30 years (1850); deeds of emancipation (1798-1807, 1818-1853); fiduciary records pertaining to slave property (1809-1853); papers relating to free negro apprentices (1809-1855); list of taxable property, slaves of William Ronalds (1789); order to place on the poor list Jack belonging to the estate of Peter F. Archer (1825); order exempting 7 slaves of Richmond and Danville Railroad from taxation (1857); recognizance to answer charge of permitting slave to go at large (1861); receipt for Wait Cole and Rachel his wife, free negroes, for taxes (1816).\n","There are no restrictions.\n","Library of Virginia\n","Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1177495, 1188800-1188802\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Free Negro and Slave Records, \n1780-1866"],"collection_title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Free Negro and Slave Records, \n1780-1866"],"collection_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Free Negro and Slave Records, \n1780-1866"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"creator_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in transfers of court records from Powhatan County."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Free African Americans--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Slaveholders--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Slavery--Law and legislation--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Slaves--Emancipation--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Affidavits--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Agreements--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Articles of apprenticeship--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Bills of sale--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Certificates--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Deeds--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Fiduciary records--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Free negro and slave records--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Free negro lists--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Free negro registers--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Free papers--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Local government records--Virginia--Powhatan County.\n","Petitions--Virginia--Powhatan County.\n","Tax and fiscal records--Virginia--Powhatan County.\n"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Free African Americans--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Slaveholders--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Slavery--Law and legislation--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Slaves--Emancipation--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Affidavits--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Agreements--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Articles of apprenticeship--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Bills of sale--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Certificates--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Deeds--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Fiduciary records--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Free negro and slave records--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Free negro lists--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Free negro registers--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Free papers--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Local government records--Virginia--Powhatan County.\n","Petitions--Virginia--Powhatan County.\n","Tax and fiscal records--Virginia--Powhatan County.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["1.80 cu. ft. (4 boxes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn part, photocopies.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternative Form Available\n"],"altformavail_tesim":["In part, photocopies.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County was named for the Indian chieftain who ruled the Native American inhabitants of tidewater Virginia in the early seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added later.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn act passed by the Virginia legislature in 1803 required every free negro or mulatto to be registered and numbered in a book to be kept by the county clerk.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn act passed in 1806 required freed slaves to leave the state within a year.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe General Assembly of Virginia passed a law as early as July 1, 1861, calling for the enrollment of free negroes to work in the public service.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBeginning in 1778, slaveholders who brought slaves into Virginia were required to register the slaves with the county court and sign an oath agreeing not to bring slaves into the commonwealth with the intent of selling them.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1806, the General Assembly moved to remove the free negro population from Virginia with a law that stated that any emancipated slaves, freed after May 1, 1806, who remained in the Commonwealth more than a year, would forfeit the right to freedom and be sold by the Overseers of the Poor for the benefit of the parish. Families wishing to stay were to petition the legislature through the local county court. Beginning in 1837, freed slaves could petition the local courts for permission to remain. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Powhatan County was named for the Indian chieftain who ruled the Native American inhabitants of tidewater Virginia in the early seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added later.\n","An act passed by the Virginia legislature in 1803 required every free negro or mulatto to be registered and numbered in a book to be kept by the county clerk.\n","An act passed in 1806 required freed slaves to leave the state within a year.","The General Assembly of Virginia passed a law as early as July 1, 1861, calling for the enrollment of free negroes to work in the public service.\n","Beginning in 1778, slaveholders who brought slaves into Virginia were required to register the slaves with the county court and sign an oath agreeing not to bring slaves into the commonwealth with the intent of selling them.\n","In 1806, the General Assembly moved to remove the free negro population from Virginia with a law that stated that any emancipated slaves, freed after May 1, 1806, who remained in the Commonwealth more than a year, would forfeit the right to freedom and be sold by the Overseers of the Poor for the benefit of the parish. Families wishing to stay were to petition the legislature through the local county court. Beginning in 1837, freed slaves could petition the local courts for permission to remain. \n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Free Negro and Slave Records, 1780-1866. Local government records collection, Powhatan County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Free Negro and Slave Records, 1780-1866. Local government records collection, Powhatan County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee also: \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi04787.xml\"\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records, 1866 \u003c/extref\u003e \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Registers of Free Negroes and Mulattoes, 1800-1865, are available on Powhatan County (Va.) Reel 58 and 45.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See also: Powhatan County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records, 1866 ","Powhatan County (Va.) Registers of Free Negroes and Mulattoes, 1800-1865, are available on Powhatan County (Va.) Reel 58 and 45.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Free Negro and Slave Records, 1780-1866. The collection is comprised of free negro registrations, affidavits, and certificates, 1798-1866; and additional free negro and slave records, 1780-1865. Some items are photocopies of documents relating to slaves and free negroes that were located in other Powhatan court records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFree negro registrations, affidavits, and certificates include name, sometimes age and a brief physical description, and the circumstances of the person's freedom or emancipation. If born free, reference is sometimes made to parents. If emancipated, the emancipating owner, place and date of emancipation, and prior registration as a free negro are usually mentioned.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional free negro and slave records consist of: free negro lists (1801, 1805, 1811, 1812-1823, 1833-1857); lists of free negroes delinquent on taxes (1818-1854); petitions of free negroes to remain in Virginia (1816-1852); miscellaneous petitions of free negroes, including petition of Frank to keep a gun (1818; revoked 1831), motion of Bob to register as a free man (1851), petition of Judith Collins for reenslavement (1858), and petition to provide funds to remove emancipated infants to a free state (1860); papers regarding free negroes requisitioned for public use (1861-1863); certificates of importation of slaves (1870, 1814); certificates of non-importation of slaves (1817); order for removing Bradby's Rachel from the county (1824); warrants of commitment as runaways (1830-1847); agreements to hire slaves (1812-1814); bills of sale and deeds of gift of slaves (1810-1868); bond between Wood and Jordan to free slaves Peter and Jane at the age of 30 years (1850); deeds of emancipation (1798-1807, 1818-1853); fiduciary records pertaining to slave property (1809-1853); papers relating to free negro apprentices (1809-1855); list of taxable property, slaves of William Ronalds (1789); order to place on the poor list Jack belonging to the estate of Peter F. Archer (1825); order exempting 7 slaves of Richmond and Danville Railroad from taxation (1857); recognizance to answer charge of permitting slave to go at large (1861); receipt for Wait Cole and Rachel his wife, free negroes, for taxes (1816).\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes free negro lists (1801, 1805, 1811, 1812-1823, 1833-1857); lists of free negroes delinquent on taxes (1818-1854); petitions of free negroes to remain in Virginia (1816-1852); miscellaneous petitions of free negroes, including petition of Frank to keep a gun (1818; revoked 1831), motion of Bob to register as a free man (1851), petition of Judith Collins for reenslavement (1858), and petition to provide funds to remove emancipated infants to a free state (1860); papers regarding free negroes requisitioned for public use (1861-1863); certificates of importation of slaves (1870, 1814); certificates of non-importation of slaves (1817); order for removing Bradby's Rachel from the county (1824); warrants of commitment as runaways (1830-1847); agreements to hire slaves (1812-1814); bills of sale and deeds of gift of slaves (1810-1868); bond between Wood and Jordan to free slaves Peter and Jane at the age of 30 years (1850); deeds of emancipation (1798-1807, 1818-1853); fiduciary records pertaining to slave property (1809-1853); papers relating to free negro apprentices (1809-1855); list of taxable property, slaves of William Ronalds (1789); order to place on the poor list Jack belonging to the estate of Peter F. Archer (1825); order exempting 7 slaves of Richmond and Danville Railroad from taxation (1857); recognizance to answer charge of permitting slave to go at large (1861); receipt for Wait Cole and Rachel his wife, free negroes, for taxes (1816).\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Free Negro and Slave Records, 1780-1866. The collection is comprised of free negro registrations, affidavits, and certificates, 1798-1866; and additional free negro and slave records, 1780-1865. Some items are photocopies of documents relating to slaves and free negroes that were located in other Powhatan court records.\n","Free negro registrations, affidavits, and certificates include name, sometimes age and a brief physical description, and the circumstances of the person's freedom or emancipation. If born free, reference is sometimes made to parents. If emancipated, the emancipating owner, place and date of emancipation, and prior registration as a free negro are usually mentioned.\n","Additional free negro and slave records consist of: free negro lists (1801, 1805, 1811, 1812-1823, 1833-1857); lists of free negroes delinquent on taxes (1818-1854); petitions of free negroes to remain in Virginia (1816-1852); miscellaneous petitions of free negroes, including petition of Frank to keep a gun (1818; revoked 1831), motion of Bob to register as a free man (1851), petition of Judith Collins for reenslavement (1858), and petition to provide funds to remove emancipated infants to a free state (1860); papers regarding free negroes requisitioned for public use (1861-1863); certificates of importation of slaves (1870, 1814); certificates of non-importation of slaves (1817); order for removing Bradby's Rachel from the county (1824); warrants of commitment as runaways (1830-1847); agreements to hire slaves (1812-1814); bills of sale and deeds of gift of slaves (1810-1868); bond between Wood and Jordan to free slaves Peter and Jane at the age of 30 years (1850); deeds of emancipation (1798-1807, 1818-1853); fiduciary records pertaining to slave property (1809-1853); papers relating to free negro apprentices (1809-1855); list of taxable property, slaves of William Ronalds (1789); order to place on the poor list Jack belonging to the estate of Peter F. Archer (1825); order exempting 7 slaves of Richmond and Danville Railroad from taxation (1857); recognizance to answer charge of permitting slave to go at large (1861); receipt for Wait Cole and Rachel his wife, free negroes, for taxes (1816).\n","Includes free negro lists (1801, 1805, 1811, 1812-1823, 1833-1857); lists of free negroes delinquent on taxes (1818-1854); petitions of free negroes to remain in Virginia (1816-1852); miscellaneous petitions of free negroes, including petition of Frank to keep a gun (1818; revoked 1831), motion of Bob to register as a free man (1851), petition of Judith Collins for reenslavement (1858), and petition to provide funds to remove emancipated infants to a free state (1860); papers regarding free negroes requisitioned for public use (1861-1863); certificates of importation of slaves (1870, 1814); certificates of non-importation of slaves (1817); order for removing Bradby's Rachel from the county (1824); warrants of commitment as runaways (1830-1847); agreements to hire slaves (1812-1814); bills of sale and deeds of gift of slaves (1810-1868); bond between Wood and Jordan to free slaves Peter and Jane at the age of 30 years (1850); deeds of emancipation (1798-1807, 1818-1853); fiduciary records pertaining to slave property (1809-1853); papers relating to free negro apprentices (1809-1855); list of taxable property, slaves of William Ronalds (1789); order to place on the poor list Jack belonging to the estate of Peter F. Archer (1825); order exempting 7 slaves of Richmond and Danville Railroad from taxation (1857); recognizance to answer charge of permitting slave to go at large (1861); receipt for Wait Cole and Rachel his wife, free negroes, for taxes (1816).\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"corpname_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":4,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T11:30:29.002Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02258"}},{"id":"vi_vi02856","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Powhatan County (Va.) Marriage License Register and Marriage Certificates, \n1850-1872","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02856#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02856#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Marriage License Register and Marriage Certificates, 1850-1872, is divided into two separate and distinct volumes. Powhatan County (Va.) Marriage License Register and Marriage Certificates, 1850-1872, is divided into two separate and distinct volumes. One side contains a register of marriage licenses from 1850 to 1872. This register records all marriage licenses issued by the county court clerk during the mid-nineteenth century. The information kept by the clerk contains the day, month and year when the license was issued, the full name of the intended groom and the full name of the intended bride. The clerk would then note the intended groom's race (only if he was a free person of color), the bride's condition (daughter of or widow of) and the race of the intended bride (only if she was a free person of color.) Licenses issued both to Free African Americans and African Americans are noted throughout the volume. Only the first thirty pages of the volume are numbered. There is an internal index (A-W) found in the front of the volume . Entries are arranged by the first letter of either the bride or groom's surname as the name appears according to the page number of the volume. Therefore, surnames found in the unnumbered pages of the volume are not found in the internal index. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02856#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi02856","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02856","_root_":"vi_vi02856","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02856","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi02856.xml","title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Marriage License Register and Marriage Certificates, \n1850-1872"],"title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Marriage License Register and Marriage Certificates, \n1850-1872"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1123740\n"],"text":["1123740\n","Powhatan County (Va.) Marriage License Register and Marriage Certificates, \n1850-1872","African Americans--Marriage--Virginia--Powhatan County.","African Americans--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Christian sects--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Clergy--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Free African Americans--Marriage--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Free African Americans--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Marriage--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Local government records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Marriage certificates--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Marriage licenses--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Marriage records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Ministers' returns--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Registers (lists)--Virginia--Powhatan County.","1 v.","There are no restrictions.\n","Arranged chronologically.\n","Powhatan County was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added on 16 March 1850. The county was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century.\n","Prior to 1853, when the Commonwealth began recording vital statistics, Virginia marriages were recorded at the county or city level. Beginning in 1661, in order to be married by license, the groom was required to go before the county clerk and give bond with security that there was no lawful reason to prevent the marriage. Written consent from a parent or guardian was needed for individuals younger than twenty-one years. The license, issued then by the clerk, was given to the minister who performed the service. Once the service was performed, the minister submitted a return to the county clerk. The county clerk recorded these returns along with other marriage records, such as bonds, certificates and licenses, in a marriage register.\n","Until 1780, marriages could be performed only by ministers of the Established Church, who were required by law to record marriages in the parish register. In 1780, dissenting ministers (only four per county from each sect) were permitted to perform marriage ceremonies. In order to have a record of all marriages, ministers were required to sign a certificate to be filed with the county clerk. Initially, ministers sent marriage certificates to the clerk every three months. Some ministers adopted a custom of making collected returns--a list of marriages performed within a period of time such as a year or several years. Beginning in 1784, marriage certificates were returned annually. The law was rarely enforced, and ministers' returns were sometimes late, incorrect, incomplete and in many instances, not made at all. County clerks used these returns and other original records to compile volumes.\n","The original marriage licenses and marriage certificates, from which this volume was compiled, were created by the County Clerk.\n","This volume is located at the State Records Center. Contact Archives Research Services for access information, directions and hours.\n","Additional Powhatan County Marriage Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Powhatan County (Va.) Marriage License Register and Marriage Certificates, 1850-1872, is divided into two separate and distinct volumes. Powhatan County (Va.) Marriage License Register and Marriage Certificates, 1850-1872, is divided into two separate and distinct volumes. One side contains a register of marriage licenses from 1850 to 1872. This register records all marriage licenses issued by the county court clerk during the mid-nineteenth century. The information kept by the clerk contains the day, month and year when the license was issued, the full name of the intended groom and the full name of the intended bride. The clerk would then note the intended groom's race (only if he was a free person of color), the bride's condition (daughter of or widow of) and the race of the intended bride (only if she was a free person of color.) Licenses issued both to Free African Americans and African Americans are noted throughout the volume. Only the first thirty pages of the volume are numbered. There is an internal index (A-W) found in the front of the volume . Entries are arranged by the first letter of either the bride or groom's surname as the name appears according to the page number of the volume. Therefore, surnames found in the unnumbered pages of the volume are not found in the internal index.\n","The other side of the volume contains information from marriage certificates. These certificates, 1850-1854, were compiled by the county court clerk from returns made by individual ministers within the county. As part of the return process, ministers filed marriage certificates with the county clerk. These signed documents certified that a minister had performed the actual marriage ceremony between the named individuals on a certain date. The name of the minister and sometimes the minister's denomination were recorded. These certificates, sometimes in the form of lists, noted the names of both parties and their date of marriage. This volume is the continuation of a previous volume which noted ministers' returns in the county from 1820 to 1850. There is an internal index (A-W) found in the front of the volume. Like the other side, entries are arranged by the first letter of either the bride or groom's surname as the name appears according to the page number of the volume. However, all pages are numbered (14) and the index is complete. Information collected after 1854 became part of the statewide indexes of Birth, Marriage and Death registers arranged by counties and cities and found in the Library of Virginia's collections.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","Library of Virginia\n","Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Powhatan County (Va.) County Court.","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1123740\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Marriage License Register and Marriage Certificates, \n1850-1872"],"collection_title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Marriage License Register and Marriage Certificates, \n1850-1872"],"collection_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Marriage License Register and Marriage Certificates, \n1850-1872"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"creator_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This volume came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Powhatan County.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans--Marriage--Virginia--Powhatan County.","African Americans--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Christian sects--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Clergy--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Free African Americans--Marriage--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Free African Americans--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Marriage--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Local government records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Marriage certificates--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Marriage licenses--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Marriage records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Ministers' returns--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Registers (lists)--Virginia--Powhatan County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans--Marriage--Virginia--Powhatan County.","African Americans--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Christian sects--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Clergy--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Free African Americans--Marriage--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Free African Americans--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Marriage--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Local government records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Marriage certificates--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Marriage licenses--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Marriage records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Ministers' returns--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Registers (lists)--Virginia--Powhatan County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["1 v."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged chronologically.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged chronologically.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added on 16 March 1850. The county was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrior to 1853, when the Commonwealth began recording vital statistics, Virginia marriages were recorded at the county or city level. Beginning in 1661, in order to be married by license, the groom was required to go before the county clerk and give bond with security that there was no lawful reason to prevent the marriage. Written consent from a parent or guardian was needed for individuals younger than twenty-one years. The license, issued then by the clerk, was given to the minister who performed the service. Once the service was performed, the minister submitted a return to the county clerk. The county clerk recorded these returns along with other marriage records, such as bonds, certificates and licenses, in a marriage register.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUntil 1780, marriages could be performed only by ministers of the Established Church, who were required by law to record marriages in the parish register. In 1780, dissenting ministers (only four per county from each sect) were permitted to perform marriage ceremonies. In order to have a record of all marriages, ministers were required to sign a certificate to be filed with the county clerk. Initially, ministers sent marriage certificates to the clerk every three months. Some ministers adopted a custom of making collected returns--a list of marriages performed within a period of time such as a year or several years. Beginning in 1784, marriage certificates were returned annually. The law was rarely enforced, and ministers' returns were sometimes late, incorrect, incomplete and in many instances, not made at all. County clerks used these returns and other original records to compile volumes.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe original marriage licenses and marriage certificates, from which this volume was compiled, were created by the County Clerk.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Powhatan County was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added on 16 March 1850. The county was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century.\n","Prior to 1853, when the Commonwealth began recording vital statistics, Virginia marriages were recorded at the county or city level. Beginning in 1661, in order to be married by license, the groom was required to go before the county clerk and give bond with security that there was no lawful reason to prevent the marriage. Written consent from a parent or guardian was needed for individuals younger than twenty-one years. The license, issued then by the clerk, was given to the minister who performed the service. Once the service was performed, the minister submitted a return to the county clerk. The county clerk recorded these returns along with other marriage records, such as bonds, certificates and licenses, in a marriage register.\n","Until 1780, marriages could be performed only by ministers of the Established Church, who were required by law to record marriages in the parish register. In 1780, dissenting ministers (only four per county from each sect) were permitted to perform marriage ceremonies. In order to have a record of all marriages, ministers were required to sign a certificate to be filed with the county clerk. Initially, ministers sent marriage certificates to the clerk every three months. Some ministers adopted a custom of making collected returns--a list of marriages performed within a period of time such as a year or several years. Beginning in 1784, marriage certificates were returned annually. The law was rarely enforced, and ministers' returns were sometimes late, incorrect, incomplete and in many instances, not made at all. County clerks used these returns and other original records to compile volumes.\n","The original marriage licenses and marriage certificates, from which this volume was compiled, were created by the County Clerk.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Marriage License Register and Marriage Certificates, 1850-1872. Local government records collection, Powhatan County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Marriage License Register and Marriage Certificates, 1850-1872. Local government records collection, Powhatan County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia 23219.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis volume is located at the State Records Center. Contact Archives Research Services for access information, directions and hours.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional Powhatan County Marriage Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA219\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n","Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["This volume is located at the State Records Center. Contact Archives Research Services for access information, directions and hours.\n","Additional Powhatan County Marriage Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\""],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Marriage License Register and Marriage Certificates, 1850-1872, is divided into two separate and distinct volumes. Powhatan County (Va.) Marriage License Register and Marriage Certificates, 1850-1872, is divided into two separate and distinct volumes. One side contains a register of marriage licenses from 1850 to 1872. This register records all marriage licenses issued by the county court clerk during the mid-nineteenth century. The information kept by the clerk contains the day, month and year when the license was issued, the full name of the intended groom and the full name of the intended bride. The clerk would then note the intended groom's race (only if he was a free person of color), the bride's condition (daughter of or widow of) and the race of the intended bride (only if she was a free person of color.) Licenses issued both to Free African Americans and African Americans are noted throughout the volume. Only the first thirty pages of the volume are numbered. There is an internal index (A-W) found in the front of the volume . Entries are arranged by the first letter of either the bride or groom's surname as the name appears according to the page number of the volume. Therefore, surnames found in the unnumbered pages of the volume are not found in the internal index.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe other side of the volume contains information from marriage certificates. These certificates, 1850-1854, were compiled by the county court clerk from returns made by individual ministers within the county. As part of the return process, ministers filed marriage certificates with the county clerk. These signed documents certified that a minister had performed the actual marriage ceremony between the named individuals on a certain date. The name of the minister and sometimes the minister's denomination were recorded. These certificates, sometimes in the form of lists, noted the names of both parties and their date of marriage. This volume is the continuation of a previous volume which noted ministers' returns in the county from 1820 to 1850. There is an internal index (A-W) found in the front of the volume. Like the other side, entries are arranged by the first letter of either the bride or groom's surname as the name appears according to the page number of the volume. However, all pages are numbered (14) and the index is complete. Information collected after 1854 became part of the statewide indexes of Birth, Marriage and Death registers arranged by counties and cities and found in the Library of Virginia's collections.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Marriage License Register and Marriage Certificates, 1850-1872, is divided into two separate and distinct volumes. Powhatan County (Va.) Marriage License Register and Marriage Certificates, 1850-1872, is divided into two separate and distinct volumes. One side contains a register of marriage licenses from 1850 to 1872. This register records all marriage licenses issued by the county court clerk during the mid-nineteenth century. The information kept by the clerk contains the day, month and year when the license was issued, the full name of the intended groom and the full name of the intended bride. The clerk would then note the intended groom's race (only if he was a free person of color), the bride's condition (daughter of or widow of) and the race of the intended bride (only if she was a free person of color.) Licenses issued both to Free African Americans and African Americans are noted throughout the volume. Only the first thirty pages of the volume are numbered. There is an internal index (A-W) found in the front of the volume . Entries are arranged by the first letter of either the bride or groom's surname as the name appears according to the page number of the volume. Therefore, surnames found in the unnumbered pages of the volume are not found in the internal index.\n","The other side of the volume contains information from marriage certificates. These certificates, 1850-1854, were compiled by the county court clerk from returns made by individual ministers within the county. As part of the return process, ministers filed marriage certificates with the county clerk. These signed documents certified that a minister had performed the actual marriage ceremony between the named individuals on a certain date. The name of the minister and sometimes the minister's denomination were recorded. These certificates, sometimes in the form of lists, noted the names of both parties and their date of marriage. This volume is the continuation of a previous volume which noted ministers' returns in the county from 1820 to 1850. There is an internal index (A-W) found in the front of the volume. Like the other side, entries are arranged by the first letter of either the bride or groom's surname as the name appears according to the page number of the volume. However, all pages are numbered (14) and the index is complete. Information collected after 1854 became part of the statewide indexes of Birth, Marriage and Death registers arranged by counties and cities and found in the Library of Virginia's collections.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) 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Marriage License Register and Marriage Certificates, \n1850-1872","African Americans--Marriage--Virginia--Powhatan County.","African Americans--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Christian sects--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Clergy--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Free African Americans--Marriage--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Free African Americans--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Marriage--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Local government records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Marriage certificates--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Marriage licenses--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Marriage records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Ministers' returns--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Registers (lists)--Virginia--Powhatan County.","1 v.","There are no restrictions.\n","Arranged chronologically.\n","Powhatan County was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added on 16 March 1850. The county was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century.\n","Prior to 1853, when the Commonwealth began recording vital statistics, Virginia marriages were recorded at the county or city level. Beginning in 1661, in order to be married by license, the groom was required to go before the county clerk and give bond with security that there was no lawful reason to prevent the marriage. Written consent from a parent or guardian was needed for individuals younger than twenty-one years. The license, issued then by the clerk, was given to the minister who performed the service. Once the service was performed, the minister submitted a return to the county clerk. The county clerk recorded these returns along with other marriage records, such as bonds, certificates and licenses, in a marriage register.\n","Until 1780, marriages could be performed only by ministers of the Established Church, who were required by law to record marriages in the parish register. In 1780, dissenting ministers (only four per county from each sect) were permitted to perform marriage ceremonies. In order to have a record of all marriages, ministers were required to sign a certificate to be filed with the county clerk. Initially, ministers sent marriage certificates to the clerk every three months. Some ministers adopted a custom of making collected returns--a list of marriages performed within a period of time such as a year or several years. Beginning in 1784, marriage certificates were returned annually. The law was rarely enforced, and ministers' returns were sometimes late, incorrect, incomplete and in many instances, not made at all. County clerks used these returns and other original records to compile volumes.\n","The original marriage licenses and marriage certificates, from which this volume was compiled, were created by the County Clerk.\n","This volume is located at the State Records Center. Contact Archives Research Services for access information, directions and hours.\n","Additional Powhatan County Marriage Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Powhatan County (Va.) Marriage License Register and Marriage Certificates, 1850-1872, is divided into two separate and distinct volumes. Powhatan County (Va.) Marriage License Register and Marriage Certificates, 1850-1872, is divided into two separate and distinct volumes. One side contains a register of marriage licenses from 1850 to 1872. This register records all marriage licenses issued by the county court clerk during the mid-nineteenth century. The information kept by the clerk contains the day, month and year when the license was issued, the full name of the intended groom and the full name of the intended bride. The clerk would then note the intended groom's race (only if he was a free person of color), the bride's condition (daughter of or widow of) and the race of the intended bride (only if she was a free person of color.) Licenses issued both to Free African Americans and African Americans are noted throughout the volume. Only the first thirty pages of the volume are numbered. There is an internal index (A-W) found in the front of the volume . Entries are arranged by the first letter of either the bride or groom's surname as the name appears according to the page number of the volume. Therefore, surnames found in the unnumbered pages of the volume are not found in the internal index.\n","The other side of the volume contains information from marriage certificates. These certificates, 1850-1854, were compiled by the county court clerk from returns made by individual ministers within the county. As part of the return process, ministers filed marriage certificates with the county clerk. These signed documents certified that a minister had performed the actual marriage ceremony between the named individuals on a certain date. The name of the minister and sometimes the minister's denomination were recorded. These certificates, sometimes in the form of lists, noted the names of both parties and their date of marriage. This volume is the continuation of a previous volume which noted ministers' returns in the county from 1820 to 1850. There is an internal index (A-W) found in the front of the volume. Like the other side, entries are arranged by the first letter of either the bride or groom's surname as the name appears according to the page number of the volume. However, all pages are numbered (14) and the index is complete. Information collected after 1854 became part of the statewide indexes of Birth, Marriage and Death registers arranged by counties and cities and found in the Library of Virginia's collections.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","Library of Virginia\n","Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Powhatan County (Va.) County Court.","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1123740\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Marriage License Register and Marriage Certificates, \n1850-1872"],"collection_title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Marriage License Register and Marriage Certificates, \n1850-1872"],"collection_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Marriage License Register and Marriage Certificates, \n1850-1872"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"creator_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This volume came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Powhatan County.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans--Marriage--Virginia--Powhatan County.","African Americans--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Christian sects--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Clergy--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Free African Americans--Marriage--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Free African Americans--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Marriage--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Local government records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Marriage certificates--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Marriage licenses--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Marriage records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Ministers' returns--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Registers (lists)--Virginia--Powhatan County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans--Marriage--Virginia--Powhatan County.","African Americans--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Christian sects--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Clergy--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Free African Americans--Marriage--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Free African Americans--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Marriage--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Local government records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Marriage certificates--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Marriage licenses--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Marriage records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Ministers' returns--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Registers (lists)--Virginia--Powhatan County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["1 v."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged chronologically.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged chronologically.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added on 16 March 1850. The county was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrior to 1853, when the Commonwealth began recording vital statistics, Virginia marriages were recorded at the county or city level. Beginning in 1661, in order to be married by license, the groom was required to go before the county clerk and give bond with security that there was no lawful reason to prevent the marriage. Written consent from a parent or guardian was needed for individuals younger than twenty-one years. The license, issued then by the clerk, was given to the minister who performed the service. Once the service was performed, the minister submitted a return to the county clerk. The county clerk recorded these returns along with other marriage records, such as bonds, certificates and licenses, in a marriage register.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUntil 1780, marriages could be performed only by ministers of the Established Church, who were required by law to record marriages in the parish register. In 1780, dissenting ministers (only four per county from each sect) were permitted to perform marriage ceremonies. In order to have a record of all marriages, ministers were required to sign a certificate to be filed with the county clerk. Initially, ministers sent marriage certificates to the clerk every three months. Some ministers adopted a custom of making collected returns--a list of marriages performed within a period of time such as a year or several years. Beginning in 1784, marriage certificates were returned annually. The law was rarely enforced, and ministers' returns were sometimes late, incorrect, incomplete and in many instances, not made at all. County clerks used these returns and other original records to compile volumes.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe original marriage licenses and marriage certificates, from which this volume was compiled, were created by the County Clerk.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Powhatan County was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added on 16 March 1850. The county was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century.\n","Prior to 1853, when the Commonwealth began recording vital statistics, Virginia marriages were recorded at the county or city level. Beginning in 1661, in order to be married by license, the groom was required to go before the county clerk and give bond with security that there was no lawful reason to prevent the marriage. Written consent from a parent or guardian was needed for individuals younger than twenty-one years. The license, issued then by the clerk, was given to the minister who performed the service. Once the service was performed, the minister submitted a return to the county clerk. The county clerk recorded these returns along with other marriage records, such as bonds, certificates and licenses, in a marriage register.\n","Until 1780, marriages could be performed only by ministers of the Established Church, who were required by law to record marriages in the parish register. In 1780, dissenting ministers (only four per county from each sect) were permitted to perform marriage ceremonies. In order to have a record of all marriages, ministers were required to sign a certificate to be filed with the county clerk. Initially, ministers sent marriage certificates to the clerk every three months. Some ministers adopted a custom of making collected returns--a list of marriages performed within a period of time such as a year or several years. Beginning in 1784, marriage certificates were returned annually. The law was rarely enforced, and ministers' returns were sometimes late, incorrect, incomplete and in many instances, not made at all. County clerks used these returns and other original records to compile volumes.\n","The original marriage licenses and marriage certificates, from which this volume was compiled, were created by the County Clerk.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Marriage License Register and Marriage Certificates, 1850-1872. Local government records collection, Powhatan County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Marriage License Register and Marriage Certificates, 1850-1872. Local government records collection, Powhatan County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia 23219.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis volume is located at the State Records Center. Contact Archives Research Services for access information, directions and hours.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional Powhatan County Marriage Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA219\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n","Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["This volume is located at the State Records Center. Contact Archives Research Services for access information, directions and hours.\n","Additional Powhatan County Marriage Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\""],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Marriage License Register and Marriage Certificates, 1850-1872, is divided into two separate and distinct volumes. Powhatan County (Va.) Marriage License Register and Marriage Certificates, 1850-1872, is divided into two separate and distinct volumes. One side contains a register of marriage licenses from 1850 to 1872. This register records all marriage licenses issued by the county court clerk during the mid-nineteenth century. The information kept by the clerk contains the day, month and year when the license was issued, the full name of the intended groom and the full name of the intended bride. The clerk would then note the intended groom's race (only if he was a free person of color), the bride's condition (daughter of or widow of) and the race of the intended bride (only if she was a free person of color.) Licenses issued both to Free African Americans and African Americans are noted throughout the volume. Only the first thirty pages of the volume are numbered. There is an internal index (A-W) found in the front of the volume . Entries are arranged by the first letter of either the bride or groom's surname as the name appears according to the page number of the volume. Therefore, surnames found in the unnumbered pages of the volume are not found in the internal index.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe other side of the volume contains information from marriage certificates. These certificates, 1850-1854, were compiled by the county court clerk from returns made by individual ministers within the county. As part of the return process, ministers filed marriage certificates with the county clerk. These signed documents certified that a minister had performed the actual marriage ceremony between the named individuals on a certain date. The name of the minister and sometimes the minister's denomination were recorded. These certificates, sometimes in the form of lists, noted the names of both parties and their date of marriage. This volume is the continuation of a previous volume which noted ministers' returns in the county from 1820 to 1850. There is an internal index (A-W) found in the front of the volume. Like the other side, entries are arranged by the first letter of either the bride or groom's surname as the name appears according to the page number of the volume. However, all pages are numbered (14) and the index is complete. Information collected after 1854 became part of the statewide indexes of Birth, Marriage and Death registers arranged by counties and cities and found in the Library of Virginia's collections.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Marriage License Register and Marriage Certificates, 1850-1872, is divided into two separate and distinct volumes. Powhatan County (Va.) Marriage License Register and Marriage Certificates, 1850-1872, is divided into two separate and distinct volumes. One side contains a register of marriage licenses from 1850 to 1872. This register records all marriage licenses issued by the county court clerk during the mid-nineteenth century. The information kept by the clerk contains the day, month and year when the license was issued, the full name of the intended groom and the full name of the intended bride. The clerk would then note the intended groom's race (only if he was a free person of color), the bride's condition (daughter of or widow of) and the race of the intended bride (only if she was a free person of color.) Licenses issued both to Free African Americans and African Americans are noted throughout the volume. Only the first thirty pages of the volume are numbered. There is an internal index (A-W) found in the front of the volume . Entries are arranged by the first letter of either the bride or groom's surname as the name appears according to the page number of the volume. Therefore, surnames found in the unnumbered pages of the volume are not found in the internal index.\n","The other side of the volume contains information from marriage certificates. These certificates, 1850-1854, were compiled by the county court clerk from returns made by individual ministers within the county. As part of the return process, ministers filed marriage certificates with the county clerk. These signed documents certified that a minister had performed the actual marriage ceremony between the named individuals on a certain date. The name of the minister and sometimes the minister's denomination were recorded. These certificates, sometimes in the form of lists, noted the names of both parties and their date of marriage. This volume is the continuation of a previous volume which noted ministers' returns in the county from 1820 to 1850. There is an internal index (A-W) found in the front of the volume. Like the other side, entries are arranged by the first letter of either the bride or groom's surname as the name appears according to the page number of the volume. However, all pages are numbered (14) and the index is complete. Information collected after 1854 became part of the statewide indexes of Birth, Marriage and Death registers arranged by counties and cities and found in the Library of Virginia's collections.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Powhatan County (Va.) County Court."],"corpname_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Powhatan County (Va.) County Court."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T11:01:45.898Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02856"}},{"id":"vi_vi01531","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Powhatan County (Va.) Marriage Register and Index, \n1777-1853","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi01531#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi01531#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eMarriage Register, 1777-1853, is essentially divided into two sections. The first section covering pages 1-163, 1777-1853, records the date of the marriage bond, the names of both parties, the names of the parents or guardians present and the names of the security or witnesses in attendance. Spanning the period 1802-1853 (pages 48-162), there are twenty-free entries for marriages between \"free persons of color.\" \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi01531#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi01531","ead_ssi":"vi_vi01531","_root_":"vi_vi01531","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi01531","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi01531.xml","title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Marriage Register and Index, \n1777-1853"],"title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Marriage Register and Index, \n1777-1853"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1146796-1146797, 1123739, 1123741\n"],"text":["1146796-1146797, 1123739, 1123741\n","Powhatan County (Va.) Marriage Register and Index, \n1777-1853","Christian sects--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Clergy--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Free African Americans--Marriage--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Free African Americans--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Marriage--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Indexes (reference sources)--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Local government records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Marriage records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Marriage registers--Virginia--Powhatan County.","4 vol. (600 p.) Barcode numbers 1146796-1146797 are negative photostatic copies. Barcode numbers 1123739 and 1123741 are original compilations.","Collection is open to research.\n","Chronological by day, month and year of marriage bond or date of marriage with exceptions noted.\n","Powhatan County was formed in 1777 from Cumberland County. The county was named for the Indian chieftain who ruled the Native American inhabitants of tidewater Virginia in the early seventeenth century.\n","Prior to 1853, when the Commonwealth began recording vital statistics, Virginia marriages were recorded at the county or city level. Beginning in 1661, in order to be married by license, the groom was required to go before the county clerk and give bond with security that there was no lawful reason to prevent the marriage. The license, issued then by the clerk, was given to the minister who performed the service. Written consent from a parent or guardian was needed for individuals younger than twenty-one years. \n","Additional Powhatan County Marriage Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Marriage Register, 1777-1853, is essentially divided into two sections. The first section covering pages 1-163, 1777-1853, records the date of the marriage bond, the names of both parties, the names of the parents or guardians present and the names of the security or witnesses in attendance. Spanning the period 1802-1853 (pages 48-162), there are twenty-free entries for marriages between \"free persons of color.\"\n","The second section covering pages 164-197, 1799-1853, records the date of the marriage, the names of both parties, the minister's name and the religious denomination of the minister. Entries on pages 196-197, 1853, also include such additional information as the age of the parties, the names of their parents, the status of the parties, the occupation of the husband and where the marriage ceremony took place. In addition, this section includes entries from 1850-1853 (pages 199-205) which record the date of the marriage bond, the names of both parties and the names of the parents or witnesses in attendance. Undated marriage bonds which record the names of both parties and the names of the security or witnesses in attendance are noted on page 206. Entries from pages 207-208, 1836-1839, record the date of marriage, the names of both parties, the minister's name and the religious denomination of the minister. Ministers' ordination bonds are found on page 209. From 1844-1853 (pages 192-205), there are 6 entries for marriages between \"free persons of color.\"\n","An Index to Marriage Records, 1777-1853, is a separate index. This typescript index is arranged alphabetically from A-Y by the last and first names of both parties. Alternate spellings of last names are included with a \"see also\" reference following the standard spelling.\n","The original compilations are found at the Library of Virginia's State Records Center. \n","Use microfilm copy, Powhatan County (Va.) Reel 35. \n","Library of Virginia\n","Powhatan County (Va.). Circuit Court.","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1146796-1146797, 1123739, 1123741\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Marriage Register and Index, \n1777-1853"],"collection_title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Marriage Register and Index, \n1777-1853"],"collection_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Marriage Register and Index, \n1777-1853"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"creator_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The original volumes were compiled by the Virginia State Library's (now the Library of Virginia) Archives Division from the original court records found in the Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court Clerk's Office. The microfilm copy of these records was generated by The Genealogical Society of Utah--while filming on-site at the Library of Virginia.\n","The negative photostatic copies were created by the Virginia State Library's (now the Library of Virginia) Archives Division from the original compilations.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Christian sects--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Clergy--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Free African Americans--Marriage--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Free African Americans--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Marriage--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Indexes (reference sources)--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Local government records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Marriage records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Marriage registers--Virginia--Powhatan County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Christian sects--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Clergy--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Free African Americans--Marriage--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Free African Americans--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Marriage--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Indexes (reference sources)--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Local government records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Marriage records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Marriage registers--Virginia--Powhatan County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["4 vol. (600 p.) Barcode numbers 1146796-1146797 are negative photostatic copies. Barcode numbers 1123739 and 1123741 are original compilations."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChronological by day, month and year of marriage bond or date of marriage with exceptions noted.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Chronological by day, month and year of marriage bond or date of marriage with exceptions noted.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County was formed in 1777 from Cumberland County. The county was named for the Indian chieftain who ruled the Native American inhabitants of tidewater Virginia in the early seventeenth century.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrior to 1853, when the Commonwealth began recording vital statistics, Virginia marriages were recorded at the county or city level. Beginning in 1661, in order to be married by license, the groom was required to go before the county clerk and give bond with security that there was no lawful reason to prevent the marriage. The license, issued then by the clerk, was given to the minister who performed the service. Written consent from a parent or guardian was needed for individuals younger than twenty-one years. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Powhatan County was formed in 1777 from Cumberland County. The county was named for the Indian chieftain who ruled the Native American inhabitants of tidewater Virginia in the early seventeenth century.\n","Prior to 1853, when the Commonwealth began recording vital statistics, Virginia marriages were recorded at the county or city level. Beginning in 1661, in order to be married by license, the groom was required to go before the county clerk and give bond with security that there was no lawful reason to prevent the marriage. The license, issued then by the clerk, was given to the minister who performed the service. Written consent from a parent or guardian was needed for individuals younger than twenty-one years. \n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Marriage Register and Index, 1777-1853. Powhatan County (Va.) Reel 35, Local Government Records Collection, Powhatan County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Marriage Register and Index, 1777-1853. Powhatan County (Va.) Reel 35, Local Government Records Collection, Powhatan County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Powhatan County Marriage Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA219\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Powhatan County Marriage Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\""],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMarriage Register, 1777-1853, is essentially divided into two sections. The first section covering pages 1-163, 1777-1853, records the date of the marriage bond, the names of both parties, the names of the parents or guardians present and the names of the security or witnesses in attendance. Spanning the period 1802-1853 (pages 48-162), there are twenty-free entries for marriages between \"free persons of color.\"\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe second section covering pages 164-197, 1799-1853, records the date of the marriage, the names of both parties, the minister's name and the religious denomination of the minister. Entries on pages 196-197, 1853, also include such additional information as the age of the parties, the names of their parents, the status of the parties, the occupation of the husband and where the marriage ceremony took place. In addition, this section includes entries from 1850-1853 (pages 199-205) which record the date of the marriage bond, the names of both parties and the names of the parents or witnesses in attendance. Undated marriage bonds which record the names of both parties and the names of the security or witnesses in attendance are noted on page 206. Entries from pages 207-208, 1836-1839, record the date of marriage, the names of both parties, the minister's name and the religious denomination of the minister. Ministers' ordination bonds are found on page 209. From 1844-1853 (pages 192-205), there are 6 entries for marriages between \"free persons of color.\"\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn Index to Marriage Records, 1777-1853, is a separate index. This typescript index is arranged alphabetically from A-Y by the last and first names of both parties. Alternate spellings of last names are included with a \"see also\" reference following the standard spelling.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Marriage Register, 1777-1853, is essentially divided into two sections. The first section covering pages 1-163, 1777-1853, records the date of the marriage bond, the names of both parties, the names of the parents or guardians present and the names of the security or witnesses in attendance. Spanning the period 1802-1853 (pages 48-162), there are twenty-free entries for marriages between \"free persons of color.\"\n","The second section covering pages 164-197, 1799-1853, records the date of the marriage, the names of both parties, the minister's name and the religious denomination of the minister. Entries on pages 196-197, 1853, also include such additional information as the age of the parties, the names of their parents, the status of the parties, the occupation of the husband and where the marriage ceremony took place. In addition, this section includes entries from 1850-1853 (pages 199-205) which record the date of the marriage bond, the names of both parties and the names of the parents or witnesses in attendance. Undated marriage bonds which record the names of both parties and the names of the security or witnesses in attendance are noted on page 206. Entries from pages 207-208, 1836-1839, record the date of marriage, the names of both parties, the minister's name and the religious denomination of the minister. Ministers' ordination bonds are found on page 209. From 1844-1853 (pages 192-205), there are 6 entries for marriages between \"free persons of color.\"\n","An Index to Marriage Records, 1777-1853, is a separate index. This typescript index is arranged alphabetically from A-Y by the last and first names of both parties. Alternate spellings of last names are included with a \"see also\" reference following the standard spelling.\n"],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe original compilations are found at the Library of Virginia's State Records Center. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Material\n"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["The original compilations are found at the Library of Virginia's State Records Center. \n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUse microfilm copy, Powhatan County (Va.) Reel 35. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["Use microfilm copy, Powhatan County (Va.) Reel 35. \n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.). Circuit Court."],"corpname_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.). Circuit Court."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":4,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T08:52:54.601Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi01531","ead_ssi":"vi_vi01531","_root_":"vi_vi01531","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi01531","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi01531.xml","title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Marriage Register and Index, \n1777-1853"],"title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Marriage Register and Index, \n1777-1853"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1146796-1146797, 1123739, 1123741\n"],"text":["1146796-1146797, 1123739, 1123741\n","Powhatan County (Va.) Marriage Register and Index, \n1777-1853","Christian sects--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Clergy--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Free African Americans--Marriage--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Free African Americans--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Marriage--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Indexes (reference sources)--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Local government records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Marriage records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Marriage registers--Virginia--Powhatan County.","4 vol. (600 p.) Barcode numbers 1146796-1146797 are negative photostatic copies. Barcode numbers 1123739 and 1123741 are original compilations.","Collection is open to research.\n","Chronological by day, month and year of marriage bond or date of marriage with exceptions noted.\n","Powhatan County was formed in 1777 from Cumberland County. The county was named for the Indian chieftain who ruled the Native American inhabitants of tidewater Virginia in the early seventeenth century.\n","Prior to 1853, when the Commonwealth began recording vital statistics, Virginia marriages were recorded at the county or city level. Beginning in 1661, in order to be married by license, the groom was required to go before the county clerk and give bond with security that there was no lawful reason to prevent the marriage. The license, issued then by the clerk, was given to the minister who performed the service. Written consent from a parent or guardian was needed for individuals younger than twenty-one years. \n","Additional Powhatan County Marriage Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Marriage Register, 1777-1853, is essentially divided into two sections. The first section covering pages 1-163, 1777-1853, records the date of the marriage bond, the names of both parties, the names of the parents or guardians present and the names of the security or witnesses in attendance. Spanning the period 1802-1853 (pages 48-162), there are twenty-free entries for marriages between \"free persons of color.\"\n","The second section covering pages 164-197, 1799-1853, records the date of the marriage, the names of both parties, the minister's name and the religious denomination of the minister. Entries on pages 196-197, 1853, also include such additional information as the age of the parties, the names of their parents, the status of the parties, the occupation of the husband and where the marriage ceremony took place. In addition, this section includes entries from 1850-1853 (pages 199-205) which record the date of the marriage bond, the names of both parties and the names of the parents or witnesses in attendance. Undated marriage bonds which record the names of both parties and the names of the security or witnesses in attendance are noted on page 206. Entries from pages 207-208, 1836-1839, record the date of marriage, the names of both parties, the minister's name and the religious denomination of the minister. Ministers' ordination bonds are found on page 209. From 1844-1853 (pages 192-205), there are 6 entries for marriages between \"free persons of color.\"\n","An Index to Marriage Records, 1777-1853, is a separate index. This typescript index is arranged alphabetically from A-Y by the last and first names of both parties. Alternate spellings of last names are included with a \"see also\" reference following the standard spelling.\n","The original compilations are found at the Library of Virginia's State Records Center. \n","Use microfilm copy, Powhatan County (Va.) Reel 35. \n","Library of Virginia\n","Powhatan County (Va.). Circuit Court.","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1146796-1146797, 1123739, 1123741\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Marriage Register and Index, \n1777-1853"],"collection_title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Marriage Register and Index, \n1777-1853"],"collection_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Marriage Register and Index, \n1777-1853"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"creator_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The original volumes were compiled by the Virginia State Library's (now the Library of Virginia) Archives Division from the original court records found in the Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court Clerk's Office. The microfilm copy of these records was generated by The Genealogical Society of Utah--while filming on-site at the Library of Virginia.\n","The negative photostatic copies were created by the Virginia State Library's (now the Library of Virginia) Archives Division from the original compilations.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Christian sects--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Clergy--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Free African Americans--Marriage--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Free African Americans--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Marriage--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Indexes (reference sources)--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Local government records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Marriage records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Marriage registers--Virginia--Powhatan County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Christian sects--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Clergy--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Free African Americans--Marriage--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Free African Americans--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Marriage--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Indexes (reference sources)--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Local government records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Marriage records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Marriage registers--Virginia--Powhatan County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["4 vol. (600 p.) Barcode numbers 1146796-1146797 are negative photostatic copies. Barcode numbers 1123739 and 1123741 are original compilations."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChronological by day, month and year of marriage bond or date of marriage with exceptions noted.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Chronological by day, month and year of marriage bond or date of marriage with exceptions noted.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County was formed in 1777 from Cumberland County. The county was named for the Indian chieftain who ruled the Native American inhabitants of tidewater Virginia in the early seventeenth century.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrior to 1853, when the Commonwealth began recording vital statistics, Virginia marriages were recorded at the county or city level. Beginning in 1661, in order to be married by license, the groom was required to go before the county clerk and give bond with security that there was no lawful reason to prevent the marriage. The license, issued then by the clerk, was given to the minister who performed the service. Written consent from a parent or guardian was needed for individuals younger than twenty-one years. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Powhatan County was formed in 1777 from Cumberland County. The county was named for the Indian chieftain who ruled the Native American inhabitants of tidewater Virginia in the early seventeenth century.\n","Prior to 1853, when the Commonwealth began recording vital statistics, Virginia marriages were recorded at the county or city level. Beginning in 1661, in order to be married by license, the groom was required to go before the county clerk and give bond with security that there was no lawful reason to prevent the marriage. The license, issued then by the clerk, was given to the minister who performed the service. Written consent from a parent or guardian was needed for individuals younger than twenty-one years. \n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Marriage Register and Index, 1777-1853. Powhatan County (Va.) Reel 35, Local Government Records Collection, Powhatan County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Marriage Register and Index, 1777-1853. Powhatan County (Va.) Reel 35, Local Government Records Collection, Powhatan County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Powhatan County Marriage Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA219\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Powhatan County Marriage Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\""],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMarriage Register, 1777-1853, is essentially divided into two sections. The first section covering pages 1-163, 1777-1853, records the date of the marriage bond, the names of both parties, the names of the parents or guardians present and the names of the security or witnesses in attendance. Spanning the period 1802-1853 (pages 48-162), there are twenty-free entries for marriages between \"free persons of color.\"\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe second section covering pages 164-197, 1799-1853, records the date of the marriage, the names of both parties, the minister's name and the religious denomination of the minister. Entries on pages 196-197, 1853, also include such additional information as the age of the parties, the names of their parents, the status of the parties, the occupation of the husband and where the marriage ceremony took place. In addition, this section includes entries from 1850-1853 (pages 199-205) which record the date of the marriage bond, the names of both parties and the names of the parents or witnesses in attendance. Undated marriage bonds which record the names of both parties and the names of the security or witnesses in attendance are noted on page 206. Entries from pages 207-208, 1836-1839, record the date of marriage, the names of both parties, the minister's name and the religious denomination of the minister. Ministers' ordination bonds are found on page 209. From 1844-1853 (pages 192-205), there are 6 entries for marriages between \"free persons of color.\"\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn Index to Marriage Records, 1777-1853, is a separate index. This typescript index is arranged alphabetically from A-Y by the last and first names of both parties. Alternate spellings of last names are included with a \"see also\" reference following the standard spelling.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Marriage Register, 1777-1853, is essentially divided into two sections. The first section covering pages 1-163, 1777-1853, records the date of the marriage bond, the names of both parties, the names of the parents or guardians present and the names of the security or witnesses in attendance. Spanning the period 1802-1853 (pages 48-162), there are twenty-free entries for marriages between \"free persons of color.\"\n","The second section covering pages 164-197, 1799-1853, records the date of the marriage, the names of both parties, the minister's name and the religious denomination of the minister. Entries on pages 196-197, 1853, also include such additional information as the age of the parties, the names of their parents, the status of the parties, the occupation of the husband and where the marriage ceremony took place. In addition, this section includes entries from 1850-1853 (pages 199-205) which record the date of the marriage bond, the names of both parties and the names of the parents or witnesses in attendance. Undated marriage bonds which record the names of both parties and the names of the security or witnesses in attendance are noted on page 206. Entries from pages 207-208, 1836-1839, record the date of marriage, the names of both parties, the minister's name and the religious denomination of the minister. Ministers' ordination bonds are found on page 209. From 1844-1853 (pages 192-205), there are 6 entries for marriages between \"free persons of color.\"\n","An Index to Marriage Records, 1777-1853, is a separate index. This typescript index is arranged alphabetically from A-Y by the last and first names of both parties. Alternate spellings of last names are included with a \"see also\" reference following the standard spelling.\n"],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe original compilations are found at the Library of Virginia's State Records Center. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Material\n"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["The original compilations are found at the Library of Virginia's State Records Center. \n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUse microfilm copy, Powhatan County (Va.) Reel 35. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["Use microfilm copy, Powhatan County (Va.) Reel 35. \n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.). Circuit Court."],"corpname_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.). 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The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Powhatan (County) Military and Pension Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA219\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Powhatan (County) Military and Pension Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\""],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Militia Captain Letter, 1816 May 13. 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