{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Louis+Kaufmann+and+Sons","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Louis+Kaufmann+and+Sons\u0026page=1"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":2,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1834","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"African American and Hampton Normal Institute Postcards","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_1834#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"S. Bergman","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_1834#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThree caricature postcards depicting African Americans with stereotypical features and promoting racist views of African Americans, copyrighted 1913 and published by S. Bergman, New York. One postcard depicting a group of African American singers with one elderly gentleman shown sleeping in the front row, copyrighted 1897 and published by Knaffl and Brothers, Knoxville, Tennessee. 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Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Three caricature postcards depicting African Americans with stereotypical features and promoting racist views of African Americans, copyrighted 1913 and published by S. Bergman, New York.  One postcard depicting a group of African American singers with one elderly gentleman shown sleeping in the front row, copyrighted 1897 and published by Knaffl and Brothers, Knoxville, Tennessee.  And a postcard of soldiers lined up for dress parade at the Normal Institute in Hampton, Virginia, published by Louis Kaufmann and sons, Baltimore, Maryland.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","S. 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One postcard depicting a group of African American singers with one elderly gentleman shown sleeping in the front row, copyrighted 1897 and published by Knaffl and Brothers, Knoxville, Tennessee.  And a postcard of soldiers lined up for dress parade at the Normal Institute in Hampton, Virginia, published by Louis Kaufmann and sons, Baltimore, Maryland.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Three caricature postcards depicting African Americans with stereotypical features and promoting racist views of African Americans, copyrighted 1913 and published by S. Bergman, New York.  One postcard depicting a group of African American singers with one elderly gentleman shown sleeping in the front row, copyrighted 1897 and published by Knaffl and Brothers, Knoxville, Tennessee.  And a postcard of soldiers lined up for dress parade at the Normal Institute in Hampton, Virginia, published by Louis Kaufmann and sons, Baltimore, Maryland."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","S. Bergman","Louis Kaufmann and Sons","Knaffl and Brothers"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","S. Bergman","Louis Kaufmann and Sons","Knaffl and Brothers"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T12:02:07.811Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1834","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1834","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1834","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1834","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_1834.xml","title_ssm":["African American and Hampton Normal Institute Postcards"],"title_tesim":["African American and Hampton Normal Institute Postcards"],"unitdate_ssm":["1897-1913"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1897-1913"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 00388","/repositories/2/resources/1834"],"text":["SC 00388","/repositories/2/resources/1834","African American and Hampton Normal Institute Postcards","African Americans--History--19th century","African Americans--Caricatures and cartoons","Racism in popular culture","The collection is open to all researchers. 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One postcard depicting a group of African American singers with one elderly gentleman shown sleeping in the front row, copyrighted 1897 and published by Knaffl and Brothers, Knoxville, Tennessee.  And a postcard of soldiers lined up for dress parade at the Normal Institute in Hampton, Virginia, published by Louis Kaufmann and sons, Baltimore, Maryland.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","S. Bergman","Louis Kaufmann and Sons","Knaffl and Brothers","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 00388","/repositories/2/resources/1834"],"normalized_title_ssm":["African American and Hampton Normal Institute Postcards"],"collection_title_tesim":["African American and Hampton Normal Institute Postcards"],"collection_ssim":["African American and Hampton Normal Institute Postcards"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"creator_ssm":["S. Bergman","Louis Kaufmann and Sons","Knaffl and Brothers"],"creator_ssim":["S. Bergman","Louis Kaufmann and Sons","Knaffl and Brothers"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["S. Bergman","Louis Kaufmann and Sons","Knaffl and Brothers"],"creators_ssim":["S. Bergman","Louis Kaufmann and Sons","Knaffl and Brothers"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans--History--19th century","African Americans--Caricatures and cartoons","Racism in popular culture"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans--History--19th century","African Americans--Caricatures and cartoons","Racism in popular culture"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.01 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["0.01 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to all researchers. 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And a postcard of soldiers lined up for dress parade at the Normal Institute in Hampton, Virginia, published by Louis Kaufmann and sons, Baltimore, Maryland."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","S. Bergman","Louis Kaufmann and Sons","Knaffl and Brothers"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","S. Bergman","Louis Kaufmann and Sons","Knaffl and Brothers"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T12:02:07.811Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_1834"}},{"id":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_2_c01_c02_c03","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Soldiers' Home, Boulevard Ave, Richmond, Va.","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/virmu_repositories_2_resources_2_c01_c02_c03#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_2_c01_c02_c03","ref_ssm":["virmu_repositories_2_resources_2_c01_c02_c03"],"id":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_2_c01_c02_c03","ead_ssi":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_2","_root_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_2","_nest_parent_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_2_c01_c02","parent_ssi":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_2_c01_c02","parent_ssim":["virmu_repositories_2_resources_2","virmu_repositories_2_resources_2_c01","virmu_repositories_2_resources_2_c01_c02"],"parent_ids_ssim":["virmu_repositories_2_resources_2","virmu_repositories_2_resources_2_c01","virmu_repositories_2_resources_2_c01_c02"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["R.E. Lee Camp, No. 1, Confederate Veterans Papers (SC-21)","Series 1: Images","Series 1.2: Postcards"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["R.E. Lee Camp, No. 1, Confederate Veterans Papers (SC-21)","Series 1: Images","Series 1.2: Postcards"],"text":["R.E. Lee Camp, No. 1, Confederate Veterans Papers (SC-21)","Series 1: Images","Series 1.2: Postcards","Soldiers' Home, Boulevard Ave, Richmond, Va.","Paper","Louis Kaufmann and Sons","Richmond (Va.)","box SC-21 Box 1","Item SC21.01.2.003","American--1","No Copyright - United States: http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en"],"title_filing_ssi":"Soldiers' Home, Boulevard Ave, Richmond, Va.","title_ssm":["Soldiers' Home, Boulevard Ave, Richmond, Va."],"title_tesim":["Soldiers' Home, Boulevard Ave, Richmond, Va."],"unitdate_other_ssim":["[ca. 1913]"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1913"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Soldiers' Home, Boulevard Ave, Richmond, Va."],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"collection_ssim":["R.E. Lee Camp, No. 1, Confederate Veterans Papers (SC-21)"],"physdesc_tesim":["Paper"],"extent_ssm":["1 item"],"extent_tesim":["1 item"],"physfacet_tesim":["Picture postcards"],"creator_ssim":["Louis Kaufmann and Sons"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":9,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research.","The digital collection can be accessed through the VMFA Collections Search website."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["No Copyright - United States: http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en"],"date_range_isim":[1913],"names_ssim":["Louis Kaufmann and Sons"],"corpname_ssim":["Louis Kaufmann and Sons"],"geogname_ssim":["Richmond (Va.)"],"geogname_ssm":["Richmond (Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Richmond (Va.)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Elizabeth O'Leary"],"containers_ssim":["box SC-21 Box 1","Item SC21.01.2.003"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAmerican--1\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["American--1"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eR.E. Lee Camp, No. 1, Confederate Veterans Papers (SC-21). VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_heading_ssm":["Preferred Citation"],"prefercite_tesim":["R.E. Lee Camp, No. 1, Confederate Veterans Papers (SC-21). VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo Copyright - United States: http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["No Copyright - United States: http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#1/components#2","timestamp":"2026-05-21T03:41:41.760Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_2","ead_ssi":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_2","_root_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_2","_nest_parent_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_2","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMFA/repositories_2_resources_2.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.vmfa.museum/repositories/2/resources/2","title_filing_ssi":"R.E. Lee Camp, No. 1, Confederate Veterans (SC-21)","title_ssm":["R.E. Lee Camp, No. 1, Confederate Veterans Papers (SC-21)"],"title_tesim":["R.E. Lee Camp, No. 1, Confederate Veterans Papers (SC-21)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1885-1958"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1885-1958"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC-21","/repositories/2/resources/2"],"text":["SC-21","/repositories/2/resources/2","R.E. Lee Camp, No. 1, Confederate Veterans Papers (SC-21)","Lee Camp Soldiers' Home (Richmond, Va.)","Soldiers' homes -- Virginia -- Richmond","Home for Needy Confederate Women (Richmond, Va.)","Confederate Memorial Chapel","United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865","Sons of Confederate Veterans (Organization). R.E. Lee Camp No. 1 (Richmond, Va.)","Grand Army of the Republic -- Seward Post No. 37 (Auburn, N.Y.)","The collection is open for research.","The digital collection can be accessed through the  VMFA Collections Search website .","The collection is organized into three series, and items are arranged chronologically within each series.","Series 1 Images, 1907-1958, undated Series 2 Publications, 1885-1914 Series 3 Realia, 1885","VMFA: Building History: Confederate Memorial Chapel","VMFA: Building History: Confederate Home for Ladies","VMFA: Building History: Robinson House: General","VMFA: Building History: Robinson House: Robinson Family, 1840s-1880s","VMFA: Building History: Robinson House: R.E. Lee Camp: Confederate Soldiers' Home (Fleming Hall)","VMFA: Building History: Robinson House: R.E. Lee Camp: Confederate Soldiers' Museum (Fleming Hall)","VMFA: Building History: Robinson House: \"Confederate Memorial Park,\" Post 1934 and Controversy, 1954","In the 1830s through the 1850s, Anthony Robinson Jr. purchased over 170 acres in the center of what would become the city of Richmond, including the property on which VMFA now stands. The estate, comprised of woods and open countryside, was cultivated and improved, no doubt through the labor of the enslaved African Americans listed in Robinson's tax records and will. Little is known about the earliest Robinson residence, but the imposing farmhouse still standing on the museum property was built by Anthony Robinson Jr. in the mid-1850s. In April 1865, during the final weeks of the Civil War, Union troops occupied the house and grounds at the invitation of Robinson's widow, Rebecca, in exchange for protection from looting. In 1883, the couple's son Channing sold the residence and thirty-six surrounding acres to establish a Confederate soldiers' home. ","Between 1885 and 1941 the property was the site of a large residential complex for poor and infirm Confederate veterans of the Civil War. Established by R. E. Lee Camp, No. 1, Confederate Veterans, the camp was built with private funds, including donations from former Confederate and Union soldiers alike. At peak occupancy, residents numbered just over three hundred; altogether a total of nearly three thousand veterans from thirty-three states called the camp home. For the next half century, Robinson House, renamed Fleming Hall during the soldiers' home era, served as the compound's administration building and war museum. After the camp's closing, the Commonwealth granted use of the building to the Virginia Institute for Scientific Research in the 1950s and to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts from 1964 to the present.","The green space in the central grounds of today's VMFA property was once the commons of the Confederate soldiers' home. Around the oak-filled park stood the administration building, barracks, dining hall, hospital, recreation hall, steam plant, and assorted outbuildings. The superintendent's house, nine residential cottages, and a chapel formed an arc to the west. With the exception of Robinson House and the Confederate Memorial Chapel, the structures were demolished or moved in the early 1940s. From the camp's earliest years, the Commonwealth of Virginia helped fund the institution. In 1892, Lee Camp No. 1 agreed that the property would revert to the Commonwealth in twenty-two years. A later agreement extended that transition to the time when the original purpose of the home was no longer needed. When the last resident died in 1941, the Commonwealth gained ownership of the site. By that time, it had been designated as the Confederate Memorial Park.","Dedicated in 1887 to the Confederate war dead, the nondenominational Confederate Memorial Chapel (also referred to as the Pelham Chapel) served as a place of worship for the residents of R. E. Lee Camp, No. 1. Funded by donations from veterans and private citizens of the Commonwealth, it was designed by architect Marion J. Dimmock in the Carpenter-Gothic style. In the postwar era of reconciliation, Union veterans from Lynn, Massachusetts, donated the organ. By the time the camp closed fifty-four years later, the chapel had hosted approximately 1,700 funeral services for the former soldiers. ","The monumental limestone building to the west of the present museum grounds was built in 1932 as a residence for destitute female relatives of Confederate veterans. After relocating the final inhabitants of the Home for Needy Confederate Women to a nursing facility in 1989, the Commonwealth set aside the property for use by the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts. ","Source:  History of the VMFA Grounds","American--1","American--1","American--1","American--1","American--1","American--1","American--1","American--1","American--1","American--1","American--1","American--1","American--1","The collection was created by the VMFA Archives in 2017 to bring together primary sources about the camp. The register and reunion ribbons were purchased by VMFA Library in November 2014 and July 2015. The postcards were donated by Elizabeth O'Leary in June 2015. The other materials were relocated from vertical files in the VMFA Library.","Copyright Dementi Studio","Registration ledger signature book for visitors to the Soldiers' Home. Commercially printed borders with advertising from Richmond area businesses. Includes a page signed by ten members of the Blackfeet Nation, including four Chiefs, with their pictograph inscriptions.","This item was removed on January 22, 2019 to be placed on exhibition in the Robinson House. The register was returned to the Archives on March 4, 2021 and a reproduction of the register is now on display in the exhibition.","This item was removed by Objects Conservator Ainslie Harrison on January 9, 2019 to be placed on exhibition in the Robinson House. The ribbon was returned to the Archives on November 22, 2019.","This item was removed by Objects Conservator Ainslie Harrison on January 9, 2019 to be placed on exhibition in the Robinson House. The ribbon was returned to the Archives on November 22, 2019.","The collection's inclusive dates are 1885-1958, with the bulk of the material dating from 1885-1937. The collection is comprised of photographs, postcards, reunion ribbons, press clippings, and a guest register.","The collection is subject to all copyright laws. Digitized content is licensed for use under a  Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License . Transmission or reproduction of other materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders. ","In Copyright: http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en","In Copyright: http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en","In Copyright: http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en","In Copyright: http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en","No Copyright - United States: http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en","No Copyright - United States: http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en","No Copyright - United States: http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en","Copyright Undetermined: https://rightsstatements.org/page/UND/1.0/?language=en","Copyright Undetermined: https://rightsstatements.org/page/UND/1.0/?language=en","No Copyright - United States: http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en","No Copyright - United States: http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en","No Copyright - United States: http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en","No Copyright - United States: http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en","The collection documents the history of R.E. Lee Camp, No. 1, Confederate Veterans, a large residential complex for poor and infirm Confederate veterans of the Civil War. Altogether a total of nearly three thousand veterans from thirty-three states called the camp home, and after the camp's closing, the Commonwealth eventually granted use of the buildings and land to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts. The collection is comprised of photographs and postcards that document the changing landscape of the camp over 50 years, a rare guest register that includes thousands of guest signatures and a page signed by ten members of the Blackfeet Nation, and two extremely rare artifacts – reunion ribbons – provide material testimony to the reconciliation efforts of Confederate and Union veterans only twenty years after they faced each other as enemies during the Civil War.","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Dementi Studio","Baltimore sun","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","Capitol News Agency","Hugh C. Leighton Company","Louis Kaufmann and Sons","Southern Bargain House","Frank Leslie's illustrated newspaper","Sons of Confederate Veterans (Organization). R.E. Lee Camp No. 1 (Richmond, Va.)","Grand Army of the Republic. Seward Post No. 37 (Auburn, N.Y.)","Leslie, Frank, 1821-1880","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["SC-21","/repositories/2/resources/2"],"normalized_title_ssm":["R.E. Lee Camp, No. 1, Confederate Veterans Papers (SC-21)"],"collection_title_tesim":["R.E. Lee Camp, No. 1, Confederate Veterans Papers (SC-21)"],"collection_ssim":["R.E. Lee Camp, No. 1, Confederate Veterans Papers (SC-21)"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"access_terms_ssm":["The collection is subject to all copyright laws. Digitized content is licensed for use under a  Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License . Transmission or reproduction of other materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders. "],"access_subjects_ssim":["Lee Camp Soldiers' Home (Richmond, Va.)","Soldiers' homes -- Virginia -- Richmond","Home for Needy Confederate Women (Richmond, Va.)","Confederate Memorial Chapel","United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865","Sons of Confederate Veterans (Organization). R.E. Lee Camp No. 1 (Richmond, Va.)","Grand Army of the Republic -- Seward Post No. 37 (Auburn, N.Y.)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Lee Camp Soldiers' Home (Richmond, Va.)","Soldiers' homes -- Virginia -- Richmond","Home for Needy Confederate Women (Richmond, Va.)","Confederate Memorial Chapel","United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865","Sons of Confederate Veterans (Organization). R.E. Lee Camp No. 1 (Richmond, Va.)","Grand Army of the Republic -- Seward Post No. 37 (Auburn, N.Y.)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.2 Linear Feet 3 boxes; 13 items"],"extent_tesim":["0.2 Linear Feet 3 boxes; 13 items"],"date_range_isim":[1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe digital collection can be accessed through the \u003ca href=\"https://www.vmfa.museum/archives/records-of-the-r-e-lee-camp-no-1-confederate-veterans-sc-21/\"\u003eVMFA Collections Search website\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research.","The digital collection can be accessed through the  VMFA Collections Search website ."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into three series, and items are arranged chronologically within each series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 1\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eImages, 1907-1958, undated\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 2\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003ePublications, 1885-1914\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 3\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRealia, 1885\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into three series, and items are arranged chronologically within each series.","Series 1 Images, 1907-1958, undated Series 2 Publications, 1885-1914 Series 3 Realia, 1885"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eVMFA: Building History: Confederate Memorial Chapel\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eVMFA: Building History: Confederate Home for Ladies\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eVMFA: Building History: Robinson House: General\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eVMFA: Building History: Robinson House: Robinson Family, 1840s-1880s\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eVMFA: Building History: Robinson House: R.E. Lee Camp: Confederate Soldiers' Home (Fleming Hall)\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eVMFA: Building History: Robinson House: R.E. Lee Camp: Confederate Soldiers' Museum (Fleming Hall)\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eVMFA: Building History: Robinson House: \"Confederate Memorial Park,\" Post 1934 and Controversy, 1954\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Related Materials - VMFA Library: Subject Files"],"bibliography_tesim":["VMFA: Building History: Confederate Memorial Chapel","VMFA: Building History: Confederate Home for Ladies","VMFA: Building History: Robinson House: General","VMFA: Building History: Robinson House: Robinson Family, 1840s-1880s","VMFA: Building History: Robinson House: R.E. Lee Camp: Confederate Soldiers' Home (Fleming Hall)","VMFA: Building History: Robinson House: R.E. Lee Camp: Confederate Soldiers' Museum (Fleming Hall)","VMFA: Building History: Robinson House: \"Confederate Memorial Park,\" Post 1934 and Controversy, 1954"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn the 1830s through the 1850s, Anthony Robinson Jr. purchased over 170 acres in the center of what would become the city of Richmond, including the property on which VMFA now stands. The estate, comprised of woods and open countryside, was cultivated and improved, no doubt through the labor of the enslaved African Americans listed in Robinson's tax records and will. Little is known about the earliest Robinson residence, but the imposing farmhouse still standing on the museum property was built by Anthony Robinson Jr. in the mid-1850s. In April 1865, during the final weeks of the Civil War, Union troops occupied the house and grounds at the invitation of Robinson's widow, Rebecca, in exchange for protection from looting. In 1883, the couple's son Channing sold the residence and thirty-six surrounding acres to establish a Confederate soldiers' home. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBetween 1885 and 1941 the property was the site of a large residential complex for poor and infirm Confederate veterans of the Civil War. Established by R. E. Lee Camp, No. 1, Confederate Veterans, the camp was built with private funds, including donations from former Confederate and Union soldiers alike. At peak occupancy, residents numbered just over three hundred; altogether a total of nearly three thousand veterans from thirty-three states called the camp home. For the next half century, Robinson House, renamed Fleming Hall during the soldiers' home era, served as the compound's administration building and war museum. After the camp's closing, the Commonwealth granted use of the building to the Virginia Institute for Scientific Research in the 1950s and to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts from 1964 to the present.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe green space in the central grounds of today's VMFA property was once the commons of the Confederate soldiers' home. Around the oak-filled park stood the administration building, barracks, dining hall, hospital, recreation hall, steam plant, and assorted outbuildings. The superintendent's house, nine residential cottages, and a chapel formed an arc to the west. With the exception of Robinson House and the Confederate Memorial Chapel, the structures were demolished or moved in the early 1940s. From the camp's earliest years, the Commonwealth of Virginia helped fund the institution. In 1892, Lee Camp No. 1 agreed that the property would revert to the Commonwealth in twenty-two years. A later agreement extended that transition to the time when the original purpose of the home was no longer needed. When the last resident died in 1941, the Commonwealth gained ownership of the site. By that time, it had been designated as the Confederate Memorial Park.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDedicated in 1887 to the Confederate war dead, the nondenominational Confederate Memorial Chapel (also referred to as the Pelham Chapel) served as a place of worship for the residents of R. E. Lee Camp, No. 1. Funded by donations from veterans and private citizens of the Commonwealth, it was designed by architect Marion J. Dimmock in the Carpenter-Gothic style. In the postwar era of reconciliation, Union veterans from Lynn, Massachusetts, donated the organ. By the time the camp closed fifty-four years later, the chapel had hosted approximately 1,700 funeral services for the former soldiers. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe monumental limestone building to the west of the present museum grounds was built in 1932 as a residence for destitute female relatives of Confederate veterans. After relocating the final inhabitants of the Home for Needy Confederate Women to a nursing facility in 1989, the Commonwealth set aside the property for use by the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSource: \u003ca href=\"https://vmfa.museum/about/grounds-history/\"\u003eHistory of the VMFA Grounds\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmerican--1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmerican--1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmerican--1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmerican--1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmerican--1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmerican--1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmerican--1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmerican--1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmerican--1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmerican--1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmerican--1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmerican--1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmerican--1\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Note","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["In the 1830s through the 1850s, Anthony Robinson Jr. purchased over 170 acres in the center of what would become the city of Richmond, including the property on which VMFA now stands. The estate, comprised of woods and open countryside, was cultivated and improved, no doubt through the labor of the enslaved African Americans listed in Robinson's tax records and will. Little is known about the earliest Robinson residence, but the imposing farmhouse still standing on the museum property was built by Anthony Robinson Jr. in the mid-1850s. In April 1865, during the final weeks of the Civil War, Union troops occupied the house and grounds at the invitation of Robinson's widow, Rebecca, in exchange for protection from looting. In 1883, the couple's son Channing sold the residence and thirty-six surrounding acres to establish a Confederate soldiers' home. ","Between 1885 and 1941 the property was the site of a large residential complex for poor and infirm Confederate veterans of the Civil War. Established by R. E. Lee Camp, No. 1, Confederate Veterans, the camp was built with private funds, including donations from former Confederate and Union soldiers alike. At peak occupancy, residents numbered just over three hundred; altogether a total of nearly three thousand veterans from thirty-three states called the camp home. For the next half century, Robinson House, renamed Fleming Hall during the soldiers' home era, served as the compound's administration building and war museum. After the camp's closing, the Commonwealth granted use of the building to the Virginia Institute for Scientific Research in the 1950s and to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts from 1964 to the present.","The green space in the central grounds of today's VMFA property was once the commons of the Confederate soldiers' home. Around the oak-filled park stood the administration building, barracks, dining hall, hospital, recreation hall, steam plant, and assorted outbuildings. The superintendent's house, nine residential cottages, and a chapel formed an arc to the west. With the exception of Robinson House and the Confederate Memorial Chapel, the structures were demolished or moved in the early 1940s. From the camp's earliest years, the Commonwealth of Virginia helped fund the institution. In 1892, Lee Camp No. 1 agreed that the property would revert to the Commonwealth in twenty-two years. A later agreement extended that transition to the time when the original purpose of the home was no longer needed. When the last resident died in 1941, the Commonwealth gained ownership of the site. By that time, it had been designated as the Confederate Memorial Park.","Dedicated in 1887 to the Confederate war dead, the nondenominational Confederate Memorial Chapel (also referred to as the Pelham Chapel) served as a place of worship for the residents of R. E. Lee Camp, No. 1. Funded by donations from veterans and private citizens of the Commonwealth, it was designed by architect Marion J. Dimmock in the Carpenter-Gothic style. In the postwar era of reconciliation, Union veterans from Lynn, Massachusetts, donated the organ. By the time the camp closed fifty-four years later, the chapel had hosted approximately 1,700 funeral services for the former soldiers. ","The monumental limestone building to the west of the present museum grounds was built in 1932 as a residence for destitute female relatives of Confederate veterans. After relocating the final inhabitants of the Home for Needy Confederate Women to a nursing facility in 1989, the Commonwealth set aside the property for use by the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts. ","Source:  History of the VMFA Grounds","American--1","American--1","American--1","American--1","American--1","American--1","American--1","American--1","American--1","American--1","American--1","American--1","American--1"],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection was created by the VMFA Archives in 2017 to bring together primary sources about the camp. The register and reunion ribbons were purchased by VMFA Library in November 2014 and July 2015. The postcards were donated by Elizabeth O'Leary in June 2015. The other materials were relocated from vertical files in the VMFA Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["The collection was created by the VMFA Archives in 2017 to bring together primary sources about the camp. The register and reunion ribbons were purchased by VMFA Library in November 2014 and July 2015. The postcards were donated by Elizabeth O'Leary in June 2015. The other materials were relocated from vertical files in the VMFA Library."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright Dementi Studio\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRegistration ledger signature book for visitors to the Soldiers' Home. Commercially printed borders with advertising from Richmond area businesses. Includes a page signed by ten members of the Blackfeet Nation, including four Chiefs, with their pictograph inscriptions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General","General"],"odd_tesim":["Copyright Dementi Studio","Registration ledger signature book for visitors to the Soldiers' Home. Commercially printed borders with advertising from Richmond area businesses. Includes a page signed by ten members of the Blackfeet Nation, including four Chiefs, with their pictograph inscriptions."],"originalsloc_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis item was removed on January 22, 2019 to be placed on exhibition in the Robinson House. The register was returned to the Archives on March 4, 2021 and a reproduction of the register is now on display in the exhibition.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis item was removed by Objects Conservator Ainslie Harrison on January 9, 2019 to be placed on exhibition in the Robinson House. The ribbon was returned to the Archives on November 22, 2019.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis item was removed by Objects Conservator Ainslie Harrison on January 9, 2019 to be placed on exhibition in the Robinson House. The ribbon was returned to the Archives on November 22, 2019.\u003c/p\u003e"],"originalsloc_heading_ssm":["Exhibition History","Exhibition History","Exhibition History"],"originalsloc_tesim":["This item was removed on January 22, 2019 to be placed on exhibition in the Robinson House. The register was returned to the Archives on March 4, 2021 and a reproduction of the register is now on display in the exhibition.","This item was removed by Objects Conservator Ainslie Harrison on January 9, 2019 to be placed on exhibition in the Robinson House. The ribbon was returned to the Archives on November 22, 2019.","This item was removed by Objects Conservator Ainslie Harrison on January 9, 2019 to be placed on exhibition in the Robinson House. The ribbon was returned to the Archives on November 22, 2019."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eR.E. Lee Camp, No. 1, Confederate Veterans Papers (SC-21). VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eR.E. Lee Camp, No. 1, Confederate Veterans Papers (SC-21). VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eR.E. Lee Camp, No. 1, Confederate Veterans Papers (SC-21). VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eR.E. Lee Camp, No. 1, Confederate Veterans Papers (SC-21). VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eR.E. Lee Camp, No. 1, Confederate Veterans Papers (SC-21). VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eR.E. Lee Camp, No. 1, Confederate Veterans Papers (SC-21). VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eR.E. Lee Camp, No. 1, Confederate Veterans Papers (SC-21). VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eR.E. Lee Camp, No. 1, Confederate Veterans Papers (SC-21). VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eR.E. Lee Camp, No. 1, Confederate Veterans Papers (SC-21). VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eR.E. Lee Camp, No. 1, Confederate Veterans Papers (SC-21). VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eR.E. Lee Camp, No. 1, Confederate Veterans Papers (SC-21). VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eR.E. Lee Camp, No. 1, Confederate Veterans Papers (SC-21). VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eR.E. Lee Camp, No. 1, Confederate Veterans Papers (SC-21). VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eR.E. Lee Camp, No. 1, Confederate Veterans Papers (SC-21). VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["R.E. Lee Camp, No. 1, Confederate Veterans Papers (SC-21). VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia.","R.E. Lee Camp, No. 1, Confederate Veterans Papers (SC-21). VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia.","R.E. Lee Camp, No. 1, Confederate Veterans Papers (SC-21). VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia.","R.E. Lee Camp, No. 1, Confederate Veterans Papers (SC-21). VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia.","R.E. Lee Camp, No. 1, Confederate Veterans Papers (SC-21). VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia.","R.E. Lee Camp, No. 1, Confederate Veterans Papers (SC-21). VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia.","R.E. Lee Camp, No. 1, Confederate Veterans Papers (SC-21). VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia.","R.E. Lee Camp, No. 1, Confederate Veterans Papers (SC-21). VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia.","R.E. Lee Camp, No. 1, Confederate Veterans Papers (SC-21). VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia.","R.E. Lee Camp, No. 1, Confederate Veterans Papers (SC-21). VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia.","R.E. Lee Camp, No. 1, Confederate Veterans Papers (SC-21). VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia.","R.E. Lee Camp, No. 1, Confederate Veterans Papers (SC-21). VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia.","R.E. Lee Camp, No. 1, Confederate Veterans Papers (SC-21). VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia.","R.E. Lee Camp, No. 1, Confederate Veterans Papers (SC-21). VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection's inclusive dates are 1885-1958, with the bulk of the material dating from 1885-1937. The collection is comprised of photographs, postcards, reunion ribbons, press clippings, and a guest register.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection's inclusive dates are 1885-1958, with the bulk of the material dating from 1885-1937. The collection is comprised of photographs, postcards, reunion ribbons, press clippings, and a guest register."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is subject to all copyright laws. Digitized content is licensed for use under a \u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/\"\u003eCreative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License\u003c/a\u003e. Transmission or reproduction of other materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn Copyright: http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn Copyright: http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn Copyright: http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn Copyright: http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNo Copyright - United States: http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNo Copyright - United States: http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNo Copyright - United States: http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright Undetermined: https://rightsstatements.org/page/UND/1.0/?language=en\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopyright Undetermined: https://rightsstatements.org/page/UND/1.0/?language=en\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNo Copyright - United States: http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNo Copyright - United States: http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNo Copyright - United States: http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNo Copyright - United States: http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The collection is subject to all copyright laws. Digitized content is licensed for use under a  Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 International License . Transmission or reproduction of other materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders. ","In Copyright: http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en","In Copyright: http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en","In Copyright: http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en","In Copyright: http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en","No Copyright - United States: http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en","No Copyright - United States: http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en","No Copyright - United States: http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en","Copyright Undetermined: https://rightsstatements.org/page/UND/1.0/?language=en","Copyright Undetermined: https://rightsstatements.org/page/UND/1.0/?language=en","No Copyright - United States: http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en","No Copyright - United States: http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en","No Copyright - United States: http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en","No Copyright - United States: http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?language=en"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_a6623866126b47f49ad39b36f5e720fa\"\u003eThe collection documents the history of R.E. Lee Camp, No. 1, Confederate Veterans, a large residential complex for poor and infirm Confederate veterans of the Civil War. Altogether a total of nearly three thousand veterans from thirty-three states called the camp home, and after the camp's closing, the Commonwealth eventually granted use of the buildings and land to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts. The collection is comprised of photographs and postcards that document the changing landscape of the camp over 50 years, a rare guest register that includes thousands of guest signatures and a page signed by ten members of the Blackfeet Nation, and two extremely rare artifacts – reunion ribbons – provide material testimony to the reconciliation efforts of Confederate and Union veterans only twenty years after they faced each other as enemies during the Civil War.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection documents the history of R.E. 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