{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Lexington+Gazette.+%28Lexington%2C+Va.%29\u0026page=5\u0026view=compact","prev":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Lexington+Gazette.+%28Lexington%2C+Va.%29\u0026page=4\u0026view=compact","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Lexington+Gazette.+%28Lexington%2C+Va.%29\u0026page=5\u0026view=compact"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":5,"next_page":null,"prev_page":4,"total_pages":5,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":40,"total_count":44,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_1028","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Native Americans, 1872/1988","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_1028#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Roanoke Times","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_1028#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of files containing newspaper articles, history essays and writing, and photographs concerning Native American land, battles with colonial settlers, prominent figures, and forts in Rockbridge County. Many materials describe the Shawnee Tribe and their presence and relationship with settlers in Kerrs Creek, Abbs' Valley, Balcony Falls, and Hayes Creek Mound. 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Many materials describe the Shawnee Tribe and their presence and relationship with settlers in Kerrs Creek, Abbs' Valley, Balcony Falls, and Hayes Creek Mound. Some materials concern the death of Chief Cornstalk, also known as Hokoleskwa, and the Kerrs Creek Massacre.","This file contains a Lexington Gazette article describing a general history of Native American presence and conflict in Rockbridge County, an article on a Shawnee raid on cabins located on Purgatory Creek, and a manuscript chapter recounting a settler's child being kidnapped by Native Americans.","Contains a newspaper article documenting the story of Abbs Valley, and the conflict between Native Americans and the Moore family in mid-18th century.","Contains semi-dramatized account of violent interaction between numerous then-Augusta county citizens and a local Native American tribe near Balcony Falls, resulting in numerous deaths on both sides.","Contains 1906 report on the Battle of 1942, which involved a number of notable Rockbridge County citizens in a violent conflict with Native American tribes.","This file consists of three articles written on Chief Cornstalk, and his involvement in violent raids that occured in Rockbridge County, as well as his death at the hands of a soldier, Jacob Hull, in 1777 in Point Pleasant. Cornstalk led battles during Pontiac's Raid.","This file constains a group of serially published newspaper articles on the history of George Washington developing and using frontier forts in order to create defensive structures to limit casualties and damages from Native American raids and conflicts. Articles published between February 14th to March 6th, 1960.","This file contains two copies of the \"Report of the Exploration of the Hayes Creek Mound Rockbridge County, Va.\" The report includes a typewritten note from F.P. Tompkins noting that this particular edition was gifted to the librarian of the Rockbridge Historical Society. The report includes a brief description of the state of the burial grouds and the positions the bodies were laid in upon excavation. The report also includes a drawn diagram of the burial site, as well as plates of photographs depicting skeletons. Written by Edward P. Valentine, for the Valentine Museum in Richmond, VA.","This file consists of a handwritten account by Harvey Hotinger, reproduced and photocopied versions of articles related to the Kerrs Creek Massacre and other Native American and settler conflict in the area. Includes a copy of an interview with Jane Gay Stevenson sent from Charles Estell Baker of Center Point Independent Church of Birmingham Alabama. Also contains a report written by Madeline Gillespie entitled \"Kerr's Creek Indian Raids\" from 1955.","This file consists of a copy of a Roanoke Times article entitled \"Highway Passes Over Site of Fort\" by George Wilson. Talks about viewing the fort from their perspective in the 1970s.","This file consists of a handwritten manuscript draft entitled \"Walnut Fort,\" later published in the Lexington Gazette on May 15th, 1936. The document describes the physical features of the fort, the cooking practices of those who lived there, other domestic qualities, and the familial history of those who inhabited and maintained the fort.","The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials. Any materials used should be fully credited with the source. Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections.","Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","The Roanoke Times","Lexington Gazette. 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(Lexington, Va.)","Rockbridge County, Virginia","James River","Big Spring Mill"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Moore Family","Greenlee family","Walker family"],"creators_ssim":["Chief Cornstalk","Moore, James Julius","McDowell, John, 1706-1742","Moore, James","Patton, James","McDowell, Ephriam, 1672-1775","McDowell, Samuel, 1735-1817","Lewis, Andrew","Valentine, Edward Pleasants","Hotinger, Harvey Lewis","Moore, John Lyle","Diehl, George West","Preston, William","Staurt, Archibald Paxton","Borden, Benjamin, Sr.","Stuart, John Leighton","Lewis, William Cook","Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","The Roanoke Times","Lexington Gazette. (Lexington, Va.)","Rockbridge County, Virginia","James River","Big Spring Mill","Moore Family","Greenlee family","Walker family"],"access_terms_ssm":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials. Any materials used should be fully credited with the source. Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Shawnee Indians","Battles"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Shawnee Indians","Battles"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["10 Files Folders 1-10, RHS-Coll #0060-0076"],"extent_tesim":["10 Files Folders 1-10, RHS-Coll #0060-0076"],"date_range_isim":[1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open to research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open to research use."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\"Indians,\" Rockbridge Historical Society Collection, R.H.S. Coll. #0062, Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA.In some cases the citation format may vary. Please contact Special Collections' staff to verify the appropriate format.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["\"Indians,\" Rockbridge Historical Society Collection, R.H.S. Coll. #0062, Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA.In some cases the citation format may vary. Please contact Special Collections' staff to verify the appropriate format."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of files containing newspaper articles, history essays and writing, and photographs concerning Native American land, battles with colonial settlers, prominent figures, and forts in Rockbridge County. Many materials describe the Shawnee Tribe and their presence and relationship with settlers in Kerrs Creek, Abbs' Valley, Balcony Falls, and Hayes Creek Mound. Some materials concern the death of Chief Cornstalk, also known as Hokoleskwa, and the Kerrs Creek Massacre.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThis file contains a Lexington Gazette article describing a general history of Native American presence and conflict in Rockbridge County, an article on a Shawnee raid on cabins located on Purgatory Creek, and a manuscript chapter recounting a settler's child being kidnapped by Native Americans.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains a newspaper article documenting the story of Abbs Valley, and the conflict between Native Americans and the Moore family in mid-18th century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains semi-dramatized account of violent interaction between numerous then-Augusta county citizens and a local Native American tribe near Balcony Falls, resulting in numerous deaths on both sides.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains 1906 report on the Battle of 1942, which involved a number of notable Rockbridge County citizens in a violent conflict with Native American tribes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file consists of three articles written on Chief Cornstalk, and his involvement in violent raids that occured in Rockbridge County, as well as his death at the hands of a soldier, Jacob Hull, in 1777 in Point Pleasant. 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Valentine, for the Valentine Museum in Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file consists of a handwritten account by Harvey Hotinger, reproduced and photocopied versions of articles related to the Kerrs Creek Massacre and other Native American and settler conflict in the area. Includes a copy of an interview with Jane Gay Stevenson sent from Charles Estell Baker of Center Point Independent Church of Birmingham Alabama. Also contains a report written by Madeline Gillespie entitled \"Kerr's Creek Indian Raids\" from 1955.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file consists of a copy of a Roanoke Times article entitled \"Highway Passes Over Site of Fort\" by George Wilson. Talks about viewing the fort from their perspective in the 1970s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file consists of a handwritten manuscript draft entitled \"Walnut Fort,\" later published in the Lexington Gazette on May 15th, 1936. The document describes the physical features of the fort, the cooking practices of those who lived there, other domestic qualities, and the familial history of those who inhabited and maintained the fort.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of files containing newspaper articles, history essays and writing, and photographs concerning Native American land, battles with colonial settlers, prominent figures, and forts in Rockbridge County. Many materials describe the Shawnee Tribe and their presence and relationship with settlers in Kerrs Creek, Abbs' Valley, Balcony Falls, and Hayes Creek Mound. Some materials concern the death of Chief Cornstalk, also known as Hokoleskwa, and the Kerrs Creek Massacre.","This file contains a Lexington Gazette article describing a general history of Native American presence and conflict in Rockbridge County, an article on a Shawnee raid on cabins located on Purgatory Creek, and a manuscript chapter recounting a settler's child being kidnapped by Native Americans.","Contains a newspaper article documenting the story of Abbs Valley, and the conflict between Native Americans and the Moore family in mid-18th century.","Contains semi-dramatized account of violent interaction between numerous then-Augusta county citizens and a local Native American tribe near Balcony Falls, resulting in numerous deaths on both sides.","Contains 1906 report on the Battle of 1942, which involved a number of notable Rockbridge County citizens in a violent conflict with Native American tribes.","This file consists of three articles written on Chief Cornstalk, and his involvement in violent raids that occured in Rockbridge County, as well as his death at the hands of a soldier, Jacob Hull, in 1777 in Point Pleasant. Cornstalk led battles during Pontiac's Raid.","This file constains a group of serially published newspaper articles on the history of George Washington developing and using frontier forts in order to create defensive structures to limit casualties and damages from Native American raids and conflicts. Articles published between February 14th to March 6th, 1960.","This file contains two copies of the \"Report of the Exploration of the Hayes Creek Mound Rockbridge County, Va.\" The report includes a typewritten note from F.P. Tompkins noting that this particular edition was gifted to the librarian of the Rockbridge Historical Society. The report includes a brief description of the state of the burial grouds and the positions the bodies were laid in upon excavation. The report also includes a drawn diagram of the burial site, as well as plates of photographs depicting skeletons. Written by Edward P. Valentine, for the Valentine Museum in Richmond, VA.","This file consists of a handwritten account by Harvey Hotinger, reproduced and photocopied versions of articles related to the Kerrs Creek Massacre and other Native American and settler conflict in the area. Includes a copy of an interview with Jane Gay Stevenson sent from Charles Estell Baker of Center Point Independent Church of Birmingham Alabama. Also contains a report written by Madeline Gillespie entitled \"Kerr's Creek Indian Raids\" from 1955.","This file consists of a copy of a Roanoke Times article entitled \"Highway Passes Over Site of Fort\" by George Wilson. Talks about viewing the fort from their perspective in the 1970s.","This file consists of a handwritten manuscript draft entitled \"Walnut Fort,\" later published in the Lexington Gazette on May 15th, 1936. The document describes the physical features of the fort, the cooking practices of those who lived there, other domestic qualities, and the familial history of those who inhabited and maintained the fort."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials. Any materials used should be fully credited with the source. Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials. Any materials used should be fully credited with the source. Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections."],"corpname_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","The Roanoke Times","Lexington Gazette. 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(Lexington, Va.)","Rockbridge County, Virginia","James River","Big Spring Mill","Moore Family","Greenlee family","Walker family","Chief Cornstalk","Moore, James Julius","McDowell, John, 1706-1742","Moore, James","Patton, James","McDowell, Ephriam, 1672-1775","McDowell, Samuel, 1735-1817","Lewis, Andrew","Valentine, Edward Pleasants","Hotinger, Harvey Lewis","Moore, John Lyle","Diehl, George West","Preston, William","Staurt, Archibald Paxton","Borden, Benjamin, Sr.","Stuart, John Leighton","Lewis, William Cook"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":11,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:00:36.926Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_1028","ead_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_1028","_root_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_1028","_nest_parent_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_1028","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WLU/repositories_5_resources_1028.xml","title_ssm":["Native Americans"],"title_tesim":["Native Americans"],"unitdate_ssm":["1872-1988"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1872-1988"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1872/1988"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Native Americans, 1872/1988"],"text":["Native Americans, 1872/1988","RHS-Coll-0062","/repositories/5/resources/1028","Virginia -- Rockbridge County","Shawnee Indians","Battles","This collection is open to research use.","This collection consists of files containing newspaper articles, history essays and writing, and photographs concerning Native American land, battles with colonial settlers, prominent figures, and forts in Rockbridge County. 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Cornstalk led battles during Pontiac's Raid.","This file constains a group of serially published newspaper articles on the history of George Washington developing and using frontier forts in order to create defensive structures to limit casualties and damages from Native American raids and conflicts. Articles published between February 14th to March 6th, 1960.","This file contains two copies of the \"Report of the Exploration of the Hayes Creek Mound Rockbridge County, Va.\" The report includes a typewritten note from F.P. Tompkins noting that this particular edition was gifted to the librarian of the Rockbridge Historical Society. The report includes a brief description of the state of the burial grouds and the positions the bodies were laid in upon excavation. The report also includes a drawn diagram of the burial site, as well as plates of photographs depicting skeletons. Written by Edward P. Valentine, for the Valentine Museum in Richmond, VA.","This file consists of a handwritten account by Harvey Hotinger, reproduced and photocopied versions of articles related to the Kerrs Creek Massacre and other Native American and settler conflict in the area. Includes a copy of an interview with Jane Gay Stevenson sent from Charles Estell Baker of Center Point Independent Church of Birmingham Alabama. Also contains a report written by Madeline Gillespie entitled \"Kerr's Creek Indian Raids\" from 1955.","This file consists of a copy of a Roanoke Times article entitled \"Highway Passes Over Site of Fort\" by George Wilson. Talks about viewing the fort from their perspective in the 1970s.","This file consists of a handwritten manuscript draft entitled \"Walnut Fort,\" later published in the Lexington Gazette on May 15th, 1936. The document describes the physical features of the fort, the cooking practices of those who lived there, other domestic qualities, and the familial history of those who inhabited and maintained the fort.","The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials. Any materials used should be fully credited with the source. Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections.","Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","The Roanoke Times","Lexington Gazette. 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(Lexington, Va.)","Rockbridge County, Virginia","James River","Big Spring Mill"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Moore Family","Greenlee family","Walker family"],"creators_ssim":["Chief Cornstalk","Moore, James Julius","McDowell, John, 1706-1742","Moore, James","Patton, James","McDowell, Ephriam, 1672-1775","McDowell, Samuel, 1735-1817","Lewis, Andrew","Valentine, Edward Pleasants","Hotinger, Harvey Lewis","Moore, John Lyle","Diehl, George West","Preston, William","Staurt, Archibald Paxton","Borden, Benjamin, Sr.","Stuart, John Leighton","Lewis, William Cook","Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","The Roanoke Times","Lexington Gazette. (Lexington, Va.)","Rockbridge County, Virginia","James River","Big Spring Mill","Moore Family","Greenlee family","Walker family"],"access_terms_ssm":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials. Any materials used should be fully credited with the source. Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Shawnee Indians","Battles"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Shawnee Indians","Battles"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["10 Files Folders 1-10, RHS-Coll #0060-0076"],"extent_tesim":["10 Files Folders 1-10, RHS-Coll #0060-0076"],"date_range_isim":[1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open to research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open to research use."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\"Indians,\" Rockbridge Historical Society Collection, R.H.S. Coll. #0062, Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA.In some cases the citation format may vary. Please contact Special Collections' staff to verify the appropriate format.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["\"Indians,\" Rockbridge Historical Society Collection, R.H.S. Coll. #0062, Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA.In some cases the citation format may vary. Please contact Special Collections' staff to verify the appropriate format."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of files containing newspaper articles, history essays and writing, and photographs concerning Native American land, battles with colonial settlers, prominent figures, and forts in Rockbridge County. Many materials describe the Shawnee Tribe and their presence and relationship with settlers in Kerrs Creek, Abbs' Valley, Balcony Falls, and Hayes Creek Mound. Some materials concern the death of Chief Cornstalk, also known as Hokoleskwa, and the Kerrs Creek Massacre.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThis file contains a Lexington Gazette article describing a general history of Native American presence and conflict in Rockbridge County, an article on a Shawnee raid on cabins located on Purgatory Creek, and a manuscript chapter recounting a settler's child being kidnapped by Native Americans.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains a newspaper article documenting the story of Abbs Valley, and the conflict between Native Americans and the Moore family in mid-18th century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains semi-dramatized account of violent interaction between numerous then-Augusta county citizens and a local Native American tribe near Balcony Falls, resulting in numerous deaths on both sides.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContains 1906 report on the Battle of 1942, which involved a number of notable Rockbridge County citizens in a violent conflict with Native American tribes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file consists of three articles written on Chief Cornstalk, and his involvement in violent raids that occured in Rockbridge County, as well as his death at the hands of a soldier, Jacob Hull, in 1777 in Point Pleasant. Cornstalk led battles during Pontiac's Raid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file constains a group of serially published newspaper articles on the history of George Washington developing and using frontier forts in order to create defensive structures to limit casualties and damages from Native American raids and conflicts. Articles published between February 14th to March 6th, 1960.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file contains two copies of the \"Report of the Exploration of the Hayes Creek Mound Rockbridge County, Va.\" The report includes a typewritten note from F.P. Tompkins noting that this particular edition was gifted to the librarian of the Rockbridge Historical Society. The report includes a brief description of the state of the burial grouds and the positions the bodies were laid in upon excavation. The report also includes a drawn diagram of the burial site, as well as plates of photographs depicting skeletons. Written by Edward P. Valentine, for the Valentine Museum in Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file consists of a handwritten account by Harvey Hotinger, reproduced and photocopied versions of articles related to the Kerrs Creek Massacre and other Native American and settler conflict in the area. Includes a copy of an interview with Jane Gay Stevenson sent from Charles Estell Baker of Center Point Independent Church of Birmingham Alabama. Also contains a report written by Madeline Gillespie entitled \"Kerr's Creek Indian Raids\" from 1955.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file consists of a copy of a Roanoke Times article entitled \"Highway Passes Over Site of Fort\" by George Wilson. Talks about viewing the fort from their perspective in the 1970s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file consists of a handwritten manuscript draft entitled \"Walnut Fort,\" later published in the Lexington Gazette on May 15th, 1936. The document describes the physical features of the fort, the cooking practices of those who lived there, other domestic qualities, and the familial history of those who inhabited and maintained the fort.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of files containing newspaper articles, history essays and writing, and photographs concerning Native American land, battles with colonial settlers, prominent figures, and forts in Rockbridge County. Many materials describe the Shawnee Tribe and their presence and relationship with settlers in Kerrs Creek, Abbs' Valley, Balcony Falls, and Hayes Creek Mound. Some materials concern the death of Chief Cornstalk, also known as Hokoleskwa, and the Kerrs Creek Massacre.","This file contains a Lexington Gazette article describing a general history of Native American presence and conflict in Rockbridge County, an article on a Shawnee raid on cabins located on Purgatory Creek, and a manuscript chapter recounting a settler's child being kidnapped by Native Americans.","Contains a newspaper article documenting the story of Abbs Valley, and the conflict between Native Americans and the Moore family in mid-18th century.","Contains semi-dramatized account of violent interaction between numerous then-Augusta county citizens and a local Native American tribe near Balcony Falls, resulting in numerous deaths on both sides.","Contains 1906 report on the Battle of 1942, which involved a number of notable Rockbridge County citizens in a violent conflict with Native American tribes.","This file consists of three articles written on Chief Cornstalk, and his involvement in violent raids that occured in Rockbridge County, as well as his death at the hands of a soldier, Jacob Hull, in 1777 in Point Pleasant. Cornstalk led battles during Pontiac's Raid.","This file constains a group of serially published newspaper articles on the history of George Washington developing and using frontier forts in order to create defensive structures to limit casualties and damages from Native American raids and conflicts. Articles published between February 14th to March 6th, 1960.","This file contains two copies of the \"Report of the Exploration of the Hayes Creek Mound Rockbridge County, Va.\" The report includes a typewritten note from F.P. Tompkins noting that this particular edition was gifted to the librarian of the Rockbridge Historical Society. The report includes a brief description of the state of the burial grouds and the positions the bodies were laid in upon excavation. The report also includes a drawn diagram of the burial site, as well as plates of photographs depicting skeletons. Written by Edward P. Valentine, for the Valentine Museum in Richmond, VA.","This file consists of a handwritten account by Harvey Hotinger, reproduced and photocopied versions of articles related to the Kerrs Creek Massacre and other Native American and settler conflict in the area. Includes a copy of an interview with Jane Gay Stevenson sent from Charles Estell Baker of Center Point Independent Church of Birmingham Alabama. Also contains a report written by Madeline Gillespie entitled \"Kerr's Creek Indian Raids\" from 1955.","This file consists of a copy of a Roanoke Times article entitled \"Highway Passes Over Site of Fort\" by George Wilson. Talks about viewing the fort from their perspective in the 1970s.","This file consists of a handwritten manuscript draft entitled \"Walnut Fort,\" later published in the Lexington Gazette on May 15th, 1936. The document describes the physical features of the fort, the cooking practices of those who lived there, other domestic qualities, and the familial history of those who inhabited and maintained the fort."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials. Any materials used should be fully credited with the source. Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials. Any materials used should be fully credited with the source. Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections."],"corpname_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","The Roanoke Times","Lexington Gazette. (Lexington, Va.)","Rockbridge County, Virginia","James River","Big Spring Mill"],"names_coll_ssim":["Rockbridge County, Virginia","Chief Cornstalk"],"famname_ssim":["Moore Family","Greenlee family","Walker family"],"persname_ssim":["Chief Cornstalk","Moore, James Julius","McDowell, John, 1706-1742","Moore, James","Patton, James","McDowell, Ephriam, 1672-1775","McDowell, Samuel, 1735-1817","Lewis, Andrew","Valentine, Edward Pleasants","Hotinger, Harvey Lewis","Moore, John Lyle","Diehl, George West","Preston, William","Staurt, Archibald Paxton","Borden, Benjamin, Sr.","Stuart, John Leighton","Lewis, William Cook"],"names_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","The Roanoke Times","Lexington Gazette. (Lexington, Va.)","Rockbridge County, Virginia","James River","Big Spring Mill","Moore Family","Greenlee family","Walker family","Chief Cornstalk","Moore, James Julius","McDowell, John, 1706-1742","Moore, James","Patton, James","McDowell, Ephriam, 1672-1775","McDowell, Samuel, 1735-1817","Lewis, Andrew","Valentine, Edward Pleasants","Hotinger, Harvey Lewis","Moore, John Lyle","Diehl, George West","Preston, William","Staurt, Archibald Paxton","Borden, Benjamin, Sr.","Stuart, John Leighton","Lewis, William Cook"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":11,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:00:36.926Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_1028"}},{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_902_c41","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Newspapers, 1972/1973","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_902_c41#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_902_c41","ref_ssm":["vilxw_repositories_5_resources_902_c41"],"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_902_c41","ead_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_902","_root_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_902","_nest_parent_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_902","parent_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_902","parent_ssim":["Effinger School Collection, 1909/2011"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vilxw_repositories_5_resources_902"],"title_filing_ssi":"Newspapers","title_ssm":["Newspapers"],"title_tesim":["Newspapers"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Newspapers, 1972/1973"],"text":["Newspapers, 1972/1973","Effinger School Collection, 1909/2011","box 3","folder 40","Lexington Gazette. (Lexington, Va.)","Newspapers","English"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Effinger School Collection, 1909/2011"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Effinger School Collection, 1909/2011"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1972/1973"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1972-1973"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":41,"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"collection_ssim":["Effinger School Collection, 1909/2011"],"containers_ssim":["box 3","folder 40"],"creator_ssim":["Lexington Gazette. (Lexington, Va.)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections."],"corpname_ssim":["Lexington Gazette. (Lexington, Va.)"],"names_ssim":["Lexington Gazette. (Lexington, Va.)"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Newspapers"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Newspapers"],"language_ssim":["English"],"date_range_isim":[1972,1973],"_nest_path_":"/components#40","timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:02:14.389Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_902","ead_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_902","_root_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_902","_nest_parent_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_902","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WLU/repositories_5_resources_902.xml","title_ssm":["Effinger School Collection"],"title_tesim":["Effinger School Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1909-2011"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1909-2011"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1909/2011"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Effinger School Collection, 1909/2011"],"text":["Effinger School Collection, 1909/2011","WLU.Coll.0523","/repositories/5/resources/902","Virginia -- Collierstown -- Collierstown Road","Schools","Education, Secondary","School yearbooks","Rural schools","The Effinger School collection consists of the compiled research of Clinton Lee Anderson and Henry A. Hatcher, co-authors of \"Celebrate Effinger, 1922-2010\" their published history of the Effinger School in the Collierstown vicinity of Rockbridge County, Virginia. Included within the collection are various records, publications, printed matter from the school, school newspapers, alumni records, photographs, and general history of the school.","This folder contains copies of newspaper articles relating to Effinger High School.","One of the newspaper articles, not dated, \"Clarence Hotinger Builds Hay Dryer in Effinger Shop.\"","This folder contains handwritten notebook pages of informaiton regarding the lineage of Effinger School with dates. Lists of family and or frieds death between 1958 ad 1972. Also lists of merit pins awarded to Rockbridge County, Va. teachers by the Rockbridge Education Association from 1950 - 1972, teachers who had retired and and those who had died within that range.","A complete run of 35 volumes of the Effinger School yearbook \"The Wawbeek\" (1940-1960) have been removed from this collection and cataloged in WLU's Rare Book collection.","The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  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P.","Clemmer, Kathryn Weeks","McDaniel, Clarence","Swink, Robert","Hotinger, Ernestine Chittum","Clark, Carmen Ercell","Coleman, Custis L., Dr.","Perrell, Orion","Tardy, Clarence Leitch","Hotinger, Clarence","Hotinger, R. W."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Effinger School (Rockbridge Co., Va.)","Effinger Echo (Rockbridge Co., Va.)","Lexington Gazette. (Lexington, Va.)","Farming. Rockbridge County, Virginia.","Rapps Church (Lexington, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["Anderson, Clinton Lee","Hatcher, Henry A.","Myers, Andrew M.","Strickler, M. P.","Clemmer, Kathryn Weeks","McDaniel, Clarence","Swink, Robert","Hotinger, Ernestine Chittum","Clark, Carmen Ercell","Coleman, Custis L., Dr.","Perrell, Orion","Tardy, Clarence Leitch","Hotinger, Clarence","Hotinger, R. 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The collection was compiled primarily by Mr. Anderson and Mr. Hatcher and stored at Mr. Hatcher's House."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Schools","Education, Secondary","School yearbooks","Rural schools"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Schools","Education, Secondary","School yearbooks","Rural schools"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["5 Box"],"extent_tesim":["5 Box"],"date_range_isim":[1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Effinger School collection consists of the compiled research of Clinton Lee Anderson and Henry A. 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Also lists of merit pins awarded to Rockbridge County, Va. teachers by the Rockbridge Education Association from 1950 - 1972, teachers who had retired and and those who had died within that range.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Effinger School collection consists of the compiled research of Clinton Lee Anderson and Henry A. Hatcher, co-authors of \"Celebrate Effinger, 1922-2010\" their published history of the Effinger School in the Collierstown vicinity of Rockbridge County, Virginia. Included within the collection are various records, publications, printed matter from the school, school newspapers, alumni records, photographs, and general history of the school.","This folder contains copies of newspaper articles relating to Effinger High School.","One of the newspaper articles, not dated, \"Clarence Hotinger Builds Hay Dryer in Effinger Shop.\"","This folder contains handwritten notebook pages of informaiton regarding the lineage of Effinger School with dates. Lists of family and or frieds death between 1958 ad 1972. Also lists of merit pins awarded to Rockbridge County, Va. teachers by the Rockbridge Education Association from 1950 - 1972, teachers who had retired and and those who had died within that range."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA complete run of 35 volumes of the Effinger School yearbook \"The Wawbeek\" (1940-1960) have been removed from this collection and cataloged in WLU's Rare Book collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["A complete run of 35 volumes of the Effinger School yearbook \"The Wawbeek\" (1940-1960) have been removed from this collection and cataloged in WLU's Rare Book collection."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections."],"corpname_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Effinger School (Rockbridge Co., Va.)","Effinger Echo (Rockbridge Co., Va.)","Lexington Gazette. (Lexington, Va.)","Farming. Rockbridge County, Virginia.","Rapps Church (Lexington, Va.)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Effinger School (Rockbridge Co., Va.)","Anderson, Clinton Lee","Hatcher, Henry A."],"persname_ssim":["Anderson, Clinton Lee","Hatcher, Henry A.","Myers, Andrew M.","Strickler, M. P.","Clemmer, Kathryn Weeks","McDaniel, Clarence","Swink, Robert","Hotinger, Ernestine Chittum","Clark, Carmen Ercell","Coleman, Custis L., Dr.","Perrell, Orion","Tardy, Clarence Leitch","Hotinger, Clarence","Hotinger, R. W."],"names_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Effinger School (Rockbridge Co., Va.)","Effinger Echo (Rockbridge Co., Va.)","Lexington Gazette. (Lexington, Va.)","Farming. Rockbridge County, Virginia.","Rapps Church (Lexington, Va.)","Anderson, Clinton Lee","Hatcher, Henry A.","Myers, Andrew M.","Strickler, M. P.","Clemmer, Kathryn Weeks","McDaniel, Clarence","Swink, Robert","Hotinger, Ernestine Chittum","Clark, Carmen Ercell","Coleman, Custis L., Dr.","Perrell, Orion","Tardy, Clarence Leitch","Hotinger, Clarence","Hotinger, R. 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(Lexington, Va.)","Newspapers","English"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Effinger School Collection, 1909/2011"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Effinger School Collection, 1909/2011"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1986/2011"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1986-2011"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":42,"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"collection_ssim":["Effinger School Collection, 1909/2011"],"containers_ssim":["box 3","folder 41"],"creator_ssim":["Lexington Gazette. (Lexington, Va.)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections."],"corpname_ssim":["Lexington Gazette. (Lexington, Va.)"],"names_ssim":["Lexington Gazette. (Lexington, Va.)"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Newspapers"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Newspapers"],"language_ssim":["English"],"date_range_isim":[1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011],"_nest_path_":"/components#41","timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:02:14.389Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_902","ead_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_902","_root_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_902","_nest_parent_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_902","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WLU/repositories_5_resources_902.xml","title_ssm":["Effinger School Collection"],"title_tesim":["Effinger School Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1909-2011"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1909-2011"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1909/2011"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Effinger School Collection, 1909/2011"],"text":["Effinger School Collection, 1909/2011","WLU.Coll.0523","/repositories/5/resources/902","Virginia -- Collierstown -- Collierstown Road","Schools","Education, Secondary","School yearbooks","Rural schools","The Effinger School collection consists of the compiled research of Clinton Lee Anderson and Henry A. Hatcher, co-authors of \"Celebrate Effinger, 1922-2010\" their published history of the Effinger School in the Collierstown vicinity of Rockbridge County, Virginia. Included within the collection are various records, publications, printed matter from the school, school newspapers, alumni records, photographs, and general history of the school.","This folder contains copies of newspaper articles relating to Effinger High School.","One of the newspaper articles, not dated, \"Clarence Hotinger Builds Hay Dryer in Effinger Shop.\"","This folder contains handwritten notebook pages of informaiton regarding the lineage of Effinger School with dates. Lists of family and or frieds death between 1958 ad 1972. Also lists of merit pins awarded to Rockbridge County, Va. teachers by the Rockbridge Education Association from 1950 - 1972, teachers who had retired and and those who had died within that range.","A complete run of 35 volumes of the Effinger School yearbook \"The Wawbeek\" (1940-1960) have been removed from this collection and cataloged in WLU's Rare Book collection.","The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections.","Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Effinger School (Rockbridge Co., Va.)","Effinger Echo (Rockbridge Co., Va.)","Lexington Gazette. (Lexington, Va.)","Farming. Rockbridge County, Virginia.","Rapps Church (Lexington, Va.)","Anderson, Clinton Lee","Hatcher, Henry A.","Myers, Andrew M.","Strickler, M. P.","Clemmer, Kathryn Weeks","McDaniel, Clarence","Swink, Robert","Hotinger, Ernestine Chittum","Clark, Carmen Ercell","Coleman, Custis L., Dr.","Perrell, Orion","Tardy, Clarence Leitch","Hotinger, Clarence","Hotinger, R. 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W.","Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Effinger School (Rockbridge Co., Va.)","Effinger Echo (Rockbridge Co., Va.)","Lexington Gazette. (Lexington, Va.)","Farming. Rockbridge County, Virginia.","Rapps Church (Lexington, Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection contains material received by Mr.Clinton Anderson: 3 boxes with manila envelopes each with an inventory. The collection was compiled primarily by Mr. Anderson and Mr. Hatcher and stored at Mr. Hatcher's House."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Schools","Education, Secondary","School yearbooks","Rural schools"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Schools","Education, Secondary","School yearbooks","Rural schools"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["5 Box"],"extent_tesim":["5 Box"],"date_range_isim":[1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Effinger School collection consists of the compiled research of Clinton Lee Anderson and Henry A. Hatcher, co-authors of \"Celebrate Effinger, 1922-2010\" their published history of the Effinger School in the Collierstown vicinity of Rockbridge County, Virginia. Included within the collection are various records, publications, printed matter from the school, school newspapers, alumni records, photographs, and general history of the school.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains copies of newspaper articles relating to Effinger High School.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOne of the newspaper articles, not dated, \"Clarence Hotinger Builds Hay Dryer in Effinger Shop.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains handwritten notebook pages of informaiton regarding the lineage of Effinger School with dates. Lists of family and or frieds death between 1958 ad 1972. Also lists of merit pins awarded to Rockbridge County, Va. teachers by the Rockbridge Education Association from 1950 - 1972, teachers who had retired and and those who had died within that range.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Effinger School collection consists of the compiled research of Clinton Lee Anderson and Henry A. Hatcher, co-authors of \"Celebrate Effinger, 1922-2010\" their published history of the Effinger School in the Collierstown vicinity of Rockbridge County, Virginia. Included within the collection are various records, publications, printed matter from the school, school newspapers, alumni records, photographs, and general history of the school.","This folder contains copies of newspaper articles relating to Effinger High School.","One of the newspaper articles, not dated, \"Clarence Hotinger Builds Hay Dryer in Effinger Shop.\"","This folder contains handwritten notebook pages of informaiton regarding the lineage of Effinger School with dates. Lists of family and or frieds death between 1958 ad 1972. Also lists of merit pins awarded to Rockbridge County, Va. teachers by the Rockbridge Education Association from 1950 - 1972, teachers who had retired and and those who had died within that range."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA complete run of 35 volumes of the Effinger School yearbook \"The Wawbeek\" (1940-1960) have been removed from this collection and cataloged in WLU's Rare Book collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["A complete run of 35 volumes of the Effinger School yearbook \"The Wawbeek\" (1940-1960) have been removed from this collection and cataloged in WLU's Rare Book collection."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections."],"corpname_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Effinger School (Rockbridge Co., Va.)","Effinger Echo (Rockbridge Co., Va.)","Lexington Gazette. (Lexington, Va.)","Farming. Rockbridge County, Virginia.","Rapps Church (Lexington, Va.)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Effinger School (Rockbridge Co., Va.)","Anderson, Clinton Lee","Hatcher, Henry A."],"persname_ssim":["Anderson, Clinton Lee","Hatcher, Henry A.","Myers, Andrew M.","Strickler, M. P.","Clemmer, Kathryn Weeks","McDaniel, Clarence","Swink, Robert","Hotinger, Ernestine Chittum","Clark, Carmen Ercell","Coleman, Custis L., Dr.","Perrell, Orion","Tardy, Clarence Leitch","Hotinger, Clarence","Hotinger, R. W."],"names_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Effinger School (Rockbridge Co., Va.)","Effinger Echo (Rockbridge Co., Va.)","Lexington Gazette. (Lexington, Va.)","Farming. Rockbridge County, Virginia.","Rapps Church (Lexington, Va.)","Anderson, Clinton Lee","Hatcher, Henry A.","Myers, Andrew M.","Strickler, M. P.","Clemmer, Kathryn Weeks","McDaniel, Clarence","Swink, Robert","Hotinger, Ernestine Chittum","Clark, Carmen Ercell","Coleman, Custis L., Dr.","Perrell, Orion","Tardy, Clarence Leitch","Hotinger, Clarence","Hotinger, R. W."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":54,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:02:14.389Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_902_c42"}},{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_1028_c10","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Walnut Fort, 1936","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_1028_c10#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis file consists of a handwritten manuscript draft entitled \"Walnut Fort,\" later published in the Lexington Gazette on May 15th, 1936. The document describes the physical features of the fort, the cooking practices of those who lived there, other domestic qualities, and the familial history of those who inhabited and maintained the fort.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_1028_c10#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_1028_c10","ref_ssm":["vilxw_repositories_5_resources_1028_c10"],"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_1028_c10","ead_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_1028","_root_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_1028","_nest_parent_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_1028","parent_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_1028","parent_ssim":["Native Americans, 1872/1988"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vilxw_repositories_5_resources_1028"],"title_filing_ssi":"Walnut Fort","title_ssm":["Walnut Fort"],"title_tesim":["Walnut Fort"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Walnut Fort, 1936"],"text":["Walnut Fort, 1936","Native Americans, 1872/1988","RHS Collections #0060 - #0076","folder 10","Lexington Gazette. (Lexington, Va.)","Walker family","Staurt, Archibald Paxton","Borden, Benjamin, Sr.","Stuart, John Leighton","Lewis, William Cook","Virginia -- Rockbridge County","English","This file consists of a handwritten manuscript draft entitled \"Walnut Fort,\" later published in the Lexington Gazette on May 15th, 1936. The document describes the physical features of the fort, the cooking practices of those who lived there, other domestic qualities, and the familial history of those who inhabited and maintained the fort."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Native Americans, 1872/1988"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Native Americans, 1872/1988"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1936"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1936-05-15"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":10,"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"collection_ssim":["Native Americans, 1872/1988"],"containers_ssim":["RHS Collections #0060 - #0076","folder 10"],"creator_ssim":["Lexington Gazette. (Lexington, Va.)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open to research use."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials. Any materials used should be fully credited with the source. Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections."],"corpname_ssim":["Lexington Gazette. (Lexington, Va.)"],"famname_ssim":["Walker family"],"persname_ssim":["Staurt, Archibald Paxton","Borden, Benjamin, Sr.","Stuart, John Leighton","Lewis, William Cook"],"names_ssim":["Lexington Gazette. (Lexington, Va.)","Walker family","Staurt, Archibald Paxton","Borden, Benjamin, Sr.","Stuart, John Leighton","Lewis, William Cook"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia -- Rockbridge County"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia -- Rockbridge County"],"places_ssim":["Virginia -- Rockbridge County"],"language_ssim":["English"],"date_range_isim":[1936],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis file consists of a handwritten manuscript draft entitled \"Walnut Fort,\" later published in the Lexington Gazette on May 15th, 1936. The document describes the physical features of the fort, the cooking practices of those who lived there, other domestic qualities, and the familial history of those who inhabited and maintained the fort.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This file consists of a handwritten manuscript draft entitled \"Walnut Fort,\" later published in the Lexington Gazette on May 15th, 1936. The document describes the physical features of the fort, the cooking practices of those who lived there, other domestic qualities, and the familial history of those who inhabited and maintained the fort."],"_nest_path_":"/components#9","timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:00:36.926Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_1028","ead_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_1028","_root_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_1028","_nest_parent_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_1028","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WLU/repositories_5_resources_1028.xml","title_ssm":["Native Americans"],"title_tesim":["Native Americans"],"unitdate_ssm":["1872-1988"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1872-1988"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1872/1988"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Native Americans, 1872/1988"],"text":["Native Americans, 1872/1988","RHS-Coll-0062","/repositories/5/resources/1028","Virginia -- Rockbridge County","Shawnee Indians","Battles","This collection is open to research use.","This collection consists of files containing newspaper articles, history essays and writing, and photographs concerning Native American land, battles with colonial settlers, prominent figures, and forts in Rockbridge County. Many materials describe the Shawnee Tribe and their presence and relationship with settlers in Kerrs Creek, Abbs' Valley, Balcony Falls, and Hayes Creek Mound. Some materials concern the death of Chief Cornstalk, also known as Hokoleskwa, and the Kerrs Creek Massacre.","This file contains a Lexington Gazette article describing a general history of Native American presence and conflict in Rockbridge County, an article on a Shawnee raid on cabins located on Purgatory Creek, and a manuscript chapter recounting a settler's child being kidnapped by Native Americans.","Contains a newspaper article documenting the story of Abbs Valley, and the conflict between Native Americans and the Moore family in mid-18th century.","Contains semi-dramatized account of violent interaction between numerous then-Augusta county citizens and a local Native American tribe near Balcony Falls, resulting in numerous deaths on both sides.","Contains 1906 report on the Battle of 1942, which involved a number of notable Rockbridge County citizens in a violent conflict with Native American tribes.","This file consists of three articles written on Chief Cornstalk, and his involvement in violent raids that occured in Rockbridge County, as well as his death at the hands of a soldier, Jacob Hull, in 1777 in Point Pleasant. Cornstalk led battles during Pontiac's Raid.","This file constains a group of serially published newspaper articles on the history of George Washington developing and using frontier forts in order to create defensive structures to limit casualties and damages from Native American raids and conflicts. Articles published between February 14th to March 6th, 1960.","This file contains two copies of the \"Report of the Exploration of the Hayes Creek Mound Rockbridge County, Va.\" The report includes a typewritten note from F.P. Tompkins noting that this particular edition was gifted to the librarian of the Rockbridge Historical Society. The report includes a brief description of the state of the burial grouds and the positions the bodies were laid in upon excavation. The report also includes a drawn diagram of the burial site, as well as plates of photographs depicting skeletons. Written by Edward P. Valentine, for the Valentine Museum in Richmond, VA.","This file consists of a handwritten account by Harvey Hotinger, reproduced and photocopied versions of articles related to the Kerrs Creek Massacre and other Native American and settler conflict in the area. Includes a copy of an interview with Jane Gay Stevenson sent from Charles Estell Baker of Center Point Independent Church of Birmingham Alabama. Also contains a report written by Madeline Gillespie entitled \"Kerr's Creek Indian Raids\" from 1955.","This file consists of a copy of a Roanoke Times article entitled \"Highway Passes Over Site of Fort\" by George Wilson. Talks about viewing the fort from their perspective in the 1970s.","This file consists of a handwritten manuscript draft entitled \"Walnut Fort,\" later published in the Lexington Gazette on May 15th, 1936. The document describes the physical features of the fort, the cooking practices of those who lived there, other domestic qualities, and the familial history of those who inhabited and maintained the fort.","The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials. Any materials used should be fully credited with the source. Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections.","Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","The Roanoke Times","Lexington Gazette. (Lexington, Va.)","Rockbridge County, Virginia","James River","Big Spring Mill","Moore Family","Greenlee family","Walker family","Chief Cornstalk","Moore, James Julius","McDowell, John, 1706-1742","Moore, James","Patton, James","McDowell, Ephriam, 1672-1775","McDowell, Samuel, 1735-1817","Lewis, Andrew","Valentine, Edward Pleasants","Hotinger, Harvey Lewis","Moore, John Lyle","Diehl, George West","Preston, William","Staurt, Archibald Paxton","Borden, Benjamin, Sr.","Stuart, John Leighton","Lewis, William Cook","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Native Americans, 1872/1988"],"collection_ssim":["Native Americans, 1872/1988"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["RHS-Coll-0062","/repositories/5/resources/1028"],"unitid_tesim":["RHS-Coll-0062","/repositories/5/resources/1028"],"repository_ssm":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia -- Rockbridge County"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia -- Rockbridge County"],"places_ssim":["Virginia -- Rockbridge County"],"creator_ssm":["The Roanoke Times","Lexington Gazette. 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(Lexington, Va.)","Rockbridge County, Virginia","James River","Big Spring Mill"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Moore Family","Greenlee family","Walker family"],"creators_ssim":["Chief Cornstalk","Moore, James Julius","McDowell, John, 1706-1742","Moore, James","Patton, James","McDowell, Ephriam, 1672-1775","McDowell, Samuel, 1735-1817","Lewis, Andrew","Valentine, Edward Pleasants","Hotinger, Harvey Lewis","Moore, John Lyle","Diehl, George West","Preston, William","Staurt, Archibald Paxton","Borden, Benjamin, Sr.","Stuart, John Leighton","Lewis, William Cook","Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","The Roanoke Times","Lexington Gazette. (Lexington, Va.)","Rockbridge County, Virginia","James River","Big Spring Mill","Moore Family","Greenlee family","Walker family"],"access_terms_ssm":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law. The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials. Any materials used should be fully credited with the source. Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Shawnee Indians","Battles"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Shawnee Indians","Battles"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["10 Files Folders 1-10, RHS-Coll #0060-0076"],"extent_tesim":["10 Files Folders 1-10, RHS-Coll #0060-0076"],"date_range_isim":[1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open to research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open to research use."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\"Indians,\" Rockbridge Historical Society Collection, R.H.S. Coll. #0062, Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA.In some cases the citation format may vary. Please contact Special Collections' staff to verify the appropriate format.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["\"Indians,\" Rockbridge Historical Society Collection, R.H.S. Coll. #0062, Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA.In some cases the citation format may vary. Please contact Special Collections' staff to verify the appropriate format."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of files containing newspaper articles, history essays and writing, and photographs concerning Native American land, battles with colonial settlers, prominent figures, and forts in Rockbridge County. 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