{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Lancaster+County+%28Va.%29+Circuit+Court\u0026page=1\u0026view=compact","next":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Lancaster+County+%28Va.%29+Circuit+Court\u0026page=2\u0026view=compact","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Lancaster+County+%28Va.%29+Circuit+Court\u0026page=2\u0026view=compact"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":2,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":2,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":20,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vi_vi05133","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Lancaster County Health and Medical Records, 1787-1922","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05133#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Lancaster County (Va.) 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Health and Medical Records 1787-1922, consist of four series: Accounts Allowed, 1787-1900; Mental Health Records, 1827-1900; Smallpox Epidemic Records, 1858-1922; and Other Epidemic Records: Tuberculosis information, 1908. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05133#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi05133","ead_ssi":"vi_vi05133","_root_":"vi_vi05133","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi05133","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi05133.xml","title_ssm":["Lancaster County Health and Medical Records, 1787-1922"],"title_tesim":["Lancaster County Health and Medical Records, 1787-1922"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Lancaster County Health and Medical Records, 1787-1922"],"text":["Lancaster County Health and Medical Records, 1787-1922","1134992","African Americans--Mental Health--Virginia--Lancaster County.","County courts--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Insanity--Jurisprudence--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Jails--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Medical laws and legislation--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Mental illness--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Physicians--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Psychiatric hospitals--Virginia.","Public health--Virginia.","Public health administration--Virginia.","Public records--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Quarantine--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Smallpox--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Health and Medical--Virginia--Lancster County.","Local government records--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Chronological within each series. The Mental Health Records are arranged chronologically, then alphabetically by last name of individual when applicable.","Mental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.","Virginia's General Assembly enacted very strict laws governing the practice of smallpox inoculation by 1792. The new act required a license from the county court to administer vaccinations. It also included a penalty of $1,500 or six months' imprisonment for anyone willfully spreading smallpox in a manner other than that specified by the act.","During its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.","In 1868, the Freedman's Bureau acquired land known as Howard's Grove, (or Howard Grove), located one half mile east of the city of Richmond, on the Mechanicsville Turnpike, in Henrico County. Through a lease from Mr. Bacon Tait (or Tate), the Bureau renovated several barrack-type structures that had been used as a Confederate hospital during the Civil War. The new facility became known as Howard's Grove Freedman's Hospital.","The hospital was turned over to the state by way of General Order number 136 issued by Major General Canby, Military Governor of Virginia in December 1869. Beginning January 1, 1870 all African American patients at Eastern Lunatic Asylum in Williamsburg, (the only state institution at the time to accept black patients), as well as all blacks jailed for lunacy from across Virginia, were to be removed to Howard's Grove for treatment. The General Assembly passed legislation in June 1870 renaming the facility the Central Lunatic Asylum and designating it the official \"reception and treatment facility for colored persons of unsound mind.\" This legislation was enacted with the stipulation that the Howard's Grove location was to be temporary.","In March 1882 a 300 acre tract of land was purchased by the City of Petersburg and given to the state for the purpose of constructing a permanent mental health facility for African Americans. Construction of the new facility near Petersburg was completed in early spring 1885. This later included a special building to house the criminally insane apart from the rest of the hospital population. An early institutional history notes that treatment at Central Lunatic Asylum during the 1890s was humane and emphasized the value of work and the benefits of recreation. However, practices at the facility also included seclusion, mechanical restraints, and the administering of hypnotics.","In 1894, Central Lunatic Asylum was officially renamed Central State Hospital. This piece of legislation also altered the names of the other mental health facilities in Virginia in and attempt to inspire a more positive image of the institutions, and of mental health treatment in general. It is important to note that another state institution located in Staunton, Virginia went by the name Central Lunatic Asylum between the years of 1861 and 1865. Its name later was changed to Western Lunatic Asylum, and is a separate facility with no connection to the Richmond/Petersburg hospital for African Americans.","Lancaster County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties sometime between 26 March and 16 September 1651. The county court first met on 1 January 1652. The county seat is Lancaster.","Lancaster County (Va.) Health and Medical Records 1787-1922, consist of four series: Accounts Allowed, 1787-1900; Mental Health Records, 1827-1900; Smallpox Epidemic Records, 1858-1922; and Other Epidemic Records: Tuberculosis information, 1908.","Accounts Allowed, 1787-1900, include accounts and claims from doctors and/or other individuals for services rendered. These often pertain to house calls, prisoner visits, childbirths, post-mortems, supplies, etc. Items relating to mental health are housed with the Mental Health Records series in this collection. Items associated with coroners' claims are foldered separately here.","Mental Health Records, 1827-1900, may include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were recommended to be committed to a mental hospital.  Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane may also be present. Some individuals were recommended to the hospital in Williamsburg which later became Eastern State Hospital. Individuals who were referenced as \"colored\" or who were recommended to a Central Lunatic Asylum or the hospital at Petersburg or Richmond are noted. See Documents of Interest list below.","Smallpox Epidemic Records, 1858-1922, consist of papers relating to quarantines and hospitals for the containment and/or treatment of smallpox outbreaks in Lancaster County. See Documents of Interest list below.","Other Epidemic Records: Tuberculosis information, 1908 consists folder of material generally related to tuberculosis.","Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Central Lunatic Asylum for Colored Insane, Virginia.","Central State Hospital (Petersburg, Va.).","Eastern State Hospital (Va.).","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Lancaster County Health and Medical Records, 1787-1922"],"collection_ssim":["Lancaster County Health and Medical Records, 1787-1922"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1134992"],"unitid_tesim":["1134992"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"creator_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Central Lunatic Asylum for Colored Insane, Virginia.","Central State Hospital (Petersburg, Va.).","Eastern State Hospital (Va.)."],"creators_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) 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The Mental Health Records are arranged chronologically, then alphabetically by last name of individual when applicable.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Chronological within each series. The Mental Health Records are arranged chronologically, then alphabetically by last name of individual when applicable."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eVirginia's General Assembly enacted very strict laws governing the practice of smallpox inoculation by 1792. The new act required a license from the county court to administer vaccinations. It also included a penalty of $1,500 or six months' imprisonment for anyone willfully spreading smallpox in a manner other than that specified by the act.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDuring its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1868, the Freedman's Bureau acquired land known as Howard's Grove, (or Howard Grove), located one half mile east of the city of Richmond, on the Mechanicsville Turnpike, in Henrico County. Through a lease from Mr. Bacon Tait (or Tate), the Bureau renovated several barrack-type structures that had been used as a Confederate hospital during the Civil War. The new facility became known as Howard's Grove Freedman's Hospital.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe hospital was turned over to the state by way of General Order number 136 issued by Major General Canby, Military Governor of Virginia in December 1869. Beginning January 1, 1870 all African American patients at Eastern Lunatic Asylum in Williamsburg, (the only state institution at the time to accept black patients), as well as all blacks jailed for lunacy from across Virginia, were to be removed to Howard's Grove for treatment. The General Assembly passed legislation in June 1870 renaming the facility the Central Lunatic Asylum and designating it the official \"reception and treatment facility for colored persons of unsound mind.\" This legislation was enacted with the stipulation that the Howard's Grove location was to be temporary.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn March 1882 a 300 acre tract of land was purchased by the City of Petersburg and given to the state for the purpose of constructing a permanent mental health facility for African Americans. Construction of the new facility near Petersburg was completed in early spring 1885. This later included a special building to house the criminally insane apart from the rest of the hospital population. An early institutional history notes that treatment at Central Lunatic Asylum during the 1890s was humane and emphasized the value of work and the benefits of recreation. However, practices at the facility also included seclusion, mechanical restraints, and the administering of hypnotics.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In 1894, Central Lunatic Asylum was officially renamed Central State Hospital. This piece of legislation also altered the names of the other mental health facilities in Virginia in and attempt to inspire a more positive image of the institutions, and of mental health treatment in general. It is important to note that another state institution located in Staunton, Virginia went by the name Central Lunatic Asylum between the years of 1861 and 1865. Its name later was changed to Western Lunatic Asylum, and is a separate facility with no connection to the Richmond/Petersburg hospital for African Americans.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLancaster County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties sometime between 26 March and 16 September 1651. The county court first met on 1 January 1652. The county seat is Lancaster.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Mental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.","Virginia's General Assembly enacted very strict laws governing the practice of smallpox inoculation by 1792. The new act required a license from the county court to administer vaccinations. It also included a penalty of $1,500 or six months' imprisonment for anyone willfully spreading smallpox in a manner other than that specified by the act.","During its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.","In 1868, the Freedman's Bureau acquired land known as Howard's Grove, (or Howard Grove), located one half mile east of the city of Richmond, on the Mechanicsville Turnpike, in Henrico County. Through a lease from Mr. Bacon Tait (or Tate), the Bureau renovated several barrack-type structures that had been used as a Confederate hospital during the Civil War. The new facility became known as Howard's Grove Freedman's Hospital.","The hospital was turned over to the state by way of General Order number 136 issued by Major General Canby, Military Governor of Virginia in December 1869. Beginning January 1, 1870 all African American patients at Eastern Lunatic Asylum in Williamsburg, (the only state institution at the time to accept black patients), as well as all blacks jailed for lunacy from across Virginia, were to be removed to Howard's Grove for treatment. The General Assembly passed legislation in June 1870 renaming the facility the Central Lunatic Asylum and designating it the official \"reception and treatment facility for colored persons of unsound mind.\" This legislation was enacted with the stipulation that the Howard's Grove location was to be temporary.","In March 1882 a 300 acre tract of land was purchased by the City of Petersburg and given to the state for the purpose of constructing a permanent mental health facility for African Americans. Construction of the new facility near Petersburg was completed in early spring 1885. This later included a special building to house the criminally insane apart from the rest of the hospital population. An early institutional history notes that treatment at Central Lunatic Asylum during the 1890s was humane and emphasized the value of work and the benefits of recreation. However, practices at the facility also included seclusion, mechanical restraints, and the administering of hypnotics.","In 1894, Central Lunatic Asylum was officially renamed Central State Hospital. This piece of legislation also altered the names of the other mental health facilities in Virginia in and attempt to inspire a more positive image of the institutions, and of mental health treatment in general. It is important to note that another state institution located in Staunton, Virginia went by the name Central Lunatic Asylum between the years of 1861 and 1865. Its name later was changed to Western Lunatic Asylum, and is a separate facility with no connection to the Richmond/Petersburg hospital for African Americans.","Lancaster County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties sometime between 26 March and 16 September 1651. The county court first met on 1 January 1652. The county seat is Lancaster."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e Lancaster County (Va.) Health and Medical Records 1787-1922, consist of four series: Accounts Allowed, 1787-1900; Mental Health Records, 1827-1900; Smallpox Epidemic Records, 1858-1922; and Other Epidemic Records: Tuberculosis information, 1908.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAccounts Allowed, 1787-1900, include accounts and claims from doctors and/or other individuals for services rendered. These often pertain to house calls, prisoner visits, childbirths, post-mortems, supplies, etc. Items relating to mental health are housed with the Mental Health Records series in this collection. Items associated with coroners' claims are foldered separately here.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMental Health Records, 1827-1900, may include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were recommended to be committed to a mental hospital.  Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane may also be present. Some individuals were recommended to the hospital in Williamsburg which later became Eastern State Hospital. Individuals who were referenced as \"colored\" or who were recommended to a Central Lunatic Asylum or the hospital at Petersburg or Richmond are noted. See Documents of Interest list below. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSmallpox Epidemic Records, 1858-1922, consist of papers relating to quarantines and hospitals for the containment and/or treatment of smallpox outbreaks in Lancaster County. See Documents of Interest list below. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOther Epidemic Records: Tuberculosis information, 1908 consists folder of material generally related to tuberculosis.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Health and Medical Records 1787-1922, consist of four series: Accounts Allowed, 1787-1900; Mental Health Records, 1827-1900; Smallpox Epidemic Records, 1858-1922; and Other Epidemic Records: Tuberculosis information, 1908.","Accounts Allowed, 1787-1900, include accounts and claims from doctors and/or other individuals for services rendered. These often pertain to house calls, prisoner visits, childbirths, post-mortems, supplies, etc. Items relating to mental health are housed with the Mental Health Records series in this collection. Items associated with coroners' claims are foldered separately here.","Mental Health Records, 1827-1900, may include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were recommended to be committed to a mental hospital.  Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane may also be present. Some individuals were recommended to the hospital in Williamsburg which later became Eastern State Hospital. Individuals who were referenced as \"colored\" or who were recommended to a Central Lunatic Asylum or the hospital at Petersburg or Richmond are noted. See Documents of Interest list below.","Smallpox Epidemic Records, 1858-1922, consist of papers relating to quarantines and hospitals for the containment and/or treatment of smallpox outbreaks in Lancaster County. See Documents of Interest list below.","Other Epidemic Records: Tuberculosis information, 1908 consists folder of material generally related to tuberculosis."],"corpname_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Central Lunatic Asylum for Colored Insane, Virginia.","Central State Hospital (Petersburg, Va.).","Eastern State Hospital (Va.)."],"names_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) 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The Mental Health Records are arranged chronologically, then alphabetically by last name of individual when applicable.","Mental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.","Virginia's General Assembly enacted very strict laws governing the practice of smallpox inoculation by 1792. The new act required a license from the county court to administer vaccinations. It also included a penalty of $1,500 or six months' imprisonment for anyone willfully spreading smallpox in a manner other than that specified by the act.","During its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.","In 1868, the Freedman's Bureau acquired land known as Howard's Grove, (or Howard Grove), located one half mile east of the city of Richmond, on the Mechanicsville Turnpike, in Henrico County. Through a lease from Mr. Bacon Tait (or Tate), the Bureau renovated several barrack-type structures that had been used as a Confederate hospital during the Civil War. The new facility became known as Howard's Grove Freedman's Hospital.","The hospital was turned over to the state by way of General Order number 136 issued by Major General Canby, Military Governor of Virginia in December 1869. Beginning January 1, 1870 all African American patients at Eastern Lunatic Asylum in Williamsburg, (the only state institution at the time to accept black patients), as well as all blacks jailed for lunacy from across Virginia, were to be removed to Howard's Grove for treatment. The General Assembly passed legislation in June 1870 renaming the facility the Central Lunatic Asylum and designating it the official \"reception and treatment facility for colored persons of unsound mind.\" This legislation was enacted with the stipulation that the Howard's Grove location was to be temporary.","In March 1882 a 300 acre tract of land was purchased by the City of Petersburg and given to the state for the purpose of constructing a permanent mental health facility for African Americans. Construction of the new facility near Petersburg was completed in early spring 1885. This later included a special building to house the criminally insane apart from the rest of the hospital population. An early institutional history notes that treatment at Central Lunatic Asylum during the 1890s was humane and emphasized the value of work and the benefits of recreation. However, practices at the facility also included seclusion, mechanical restraints, and the administering of hypnotics.","In 1894, Central Lunatic Asylum was officially renamed Central State Hospital. This piece of legislation also altered the names of the other mental health facilities in Virginia in and attempt to inspire a more positive image of the institutions, and of mental health treatment in general. It is important to note that another state institution located in Staunton, Virginia went by the name Central Lunatic Asylum between the years of 1861 and 1865. Its name later was changed to Western Lunatic Asylum, and is a separate facility with no connection to the Richmond/Petersburg hospital for African Americans.","Lancaster County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties sometime between 26 March and 16 September 1651. The county court first met on 1 January 1652. The county seat is Lancaster.","Lancaster County (Va.) Health and Medical Records 1787-1922, consist of four series: Accounts Allowed, 1787-1900; Mental Health Records, 1827-1900; Smallpox Epidemic Records, 1858-1922; and Other Epidemic Records: Tuberculosis information, 1908.","Accounts Allowed, 1787-1900, include accounts and claims from doctors and/or other individuals for services rendered. These often pertain to house calls, prisoner visits, childbirths, post-mortems, supplies, etc. Items relating to mental health are housed with the Mental Health Records series in this collection. Items associated with coroners' claims are foldered separately here.","Mental Health Records, 1827-1900, may include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were recommended to be committed to a mental hospital.  Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane may also be present. Some individuals were recommended to the hospital in Williamsburg which later became Eastern State Hospital. Individuals who were referenced as \"colored\" or who were recommended to a Central Lunatic Asylum or the hospital at Petersburg or Richmond are noted. See Documents of Interest list below.","Smallpox Epidemic Records, 1858-1922, consist of papers relating to quarantines and hospitals for the containment and/or treatment of smallpox outbreaks in Lancaster County. See Documents of Interest list below.","Other Epidemic Records: Tuberculosis information, 1908 consists folder of material generally related to tuberculosis.","Lancaster County (Va.) 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The Mental Health Records are arranged chronologically, then alphabetically by last name of individual when applicable.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Chronological within each series. The Mental Health Records are arranged chronologically, then alphabetically by last name of individual when applicable."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eVirginia's General Assembly enacted very strict laws governing the practice of smallpox inoculation by 1792. The new act required a license from the county court to administer vaccinations. It also included a penalty of $1,500 or six months' imprisonment for anyone willfully spreading smallpox in a manner other than that specified by the act.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDuring its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1868, the Freedman's Bureau acquired land known as Howard's Grove, (or Howard Grove), located one half mile east of the city of Richmond, on the Mechanicsville Turnpike, in Henrico County. Through a lease from Mr. Bacon Tait (or Tate), the Bureau renovated several barrack-type structures that had been used as a Confederate hospital during the Civil War. The new facility became known as Howard's Grove Freedman's Hospital.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe hospital was turned over to the state by way of General Order number 136 issued by Major General Canby, Military Governor of Virginia in December 1869. Beginning January 1, 1870 all African American patients at Eastern Lunatic Asylum in Williamsburg, (the only state institution at the time to accept black patients), as well as all blacks jailed for lunacy from across Virginia, were to be removed to Howard's Grove for treatment. The General Assembly passed legislation in June 1870 renaming the facility the Central Lunatic Asylum and designating it the official \"reception and treatment facility for colored persons of unsound mind.\" This legislation was enacted with the stipulation that the Howard's Grove location was to be temporary.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn March 1882 a 300 acre tract of land was purchased by the City of Petersburg and given to the state for the purpose of constructing a permanent mental health facility for African Americans. Construction of the new facility near Petersburg was completed in early spring 1885. This later included a special building to house the criminally insane apart from the rest of the hospital population. An early institutional history notes that treatment at Central Lunatic Asylum during the 1890s was humane and emphasized the value of work and the benefits of recreation. However, practices at the facility also included seclusion, mechanical restraints, and the administering of hypnotics.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In 1894, Central Lunatic Asylum was officially renamed Central State Hospital. This piece of legislation also altered the names of the other mental health facilities in Virginia in and attempt to inspire a more positive image of the institutions, and of mental health treatment in general. It is important to note that another state institution located in Staunton, Virginia went by the name Central Lunatic Asylum between the years of 1861 and 1865. Its name later was changed to Western Lunatic Asylum, and is a separate facility with no connection to the Richmond/Petersburg hospital for African Americans.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLancaster County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties sometime between 26 March and 16 September 1651. The county court first met on 1 January 1652. The county seat is Lancaster.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Mental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.","Virginia's General Assembly enacted very strict laws governing the practice of smallpox inoculation by 1792. The new act required a license from the county court to administer vaccinations. It also included a penalty of $1,500 or six months' imprisonment for anyone willfully spreading smallpox in a manner other than that specified by the act.","During its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.","In 1868, the Freedman's Bureau acquired land known as Howard's Grove, (or Howard Grove), located one half mile east of the city of Richmond, on the Mechanicsville Turnpike, in Henrico County. Through a lease from Mr. Bacon Tait (or Tate), the Bureau renovated several barrack-type structures that had been used as a Confederate hospital during the Civil War. The new facility became known as Howard's Grove Freedman's Hospital.","The hospital was turned over to the state by way of General Order number 136 issued by Major General Canby, Military Governor of Virginia in December 1869. Beginning January 1, 1870 all African American patients at Eastern Lunatic Asylum in Williamsburg, (the only state institution at the time to accept black patients), as well as all blacks jailed for lunacy from across Virginia, were to be removed to Howard's Grove for treatment. The General Assembly passed legislation in June 1870 renaming the facility the Central Lunatic Asylum and designating it the official \"reception and treatment facility for colored persons of unsound mind.\" This legislation was enacted with the stipulation that the Howard's Grove location was to be temporary.","In March 1882 a 300 acre tract of land was purchased by the City of Petersburg and given to the state for the purpose of constructing a permanent mental health facility for African Americans. Construction of the new facility near Petersburg was completed in early spring 1885. This later included a special building to house the criminally insane apart from the rest of the hospital population. An early institutional history notes that treatment at Central Lunatic Asylum during the 1890s was humane and emphasized the value of work and the benefits of recreation. However, practices at the facility also included seclusion, mechanical restraints, and the administering of hypnotics.","In 1894, Central Lunatic Asylum was officially renamed Central State Hospital. This piece of legislation also altered the names of the other mental health facilities in Virginia in and attempt to inspire a more positive image of the institutions, and of mental health treatment in general. It is important to note that another state institution located in Staunton, Virginia went by the name Central Lunatic Asylum between the years of 1861 and 1865. Its name later was changed to Western Lunatic Asylum, and is a separate facility with no connection to the Richmond/Petersburg hospital for African Americans.","Lancaster County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties sometime between 26 March and 16 September 1651. The county court first met on 1 January 1652. The county seat is Lancaster."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e Lancaster County (Va.) Health and Medical Records 1787-1922, consist of four series: Accounts Allowed, 1787-1900; Mental Health Records, 1827-1900; Smallpox Epidemic Records, 1858-1922; and Other Epidemic Records: Tuberculosis information, 1908.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAccounts Allowed, 1787-1900, include accounts and claims from doctors and/or other individuals for services rendered. These often pertain to house calls, prisoner visits, childbirths, post-mortems, supplies, etc. Items relating to mental health are housed with the Mental Health Records series in this collection. Items associated with coroners' claims are foldered separately here.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMental Health Records, 1827-1900, may include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were recommended to be committed to a mental hospital.  Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane may also be present. Some individuals were recommended to the hospital in Williamsburg which later became Eastern State Hospital. Individuals who were referenced as \"colored\" or who were recommended to a Central Lunatic Asylum or the hospital at Petersburg or Richmond are noted. See Documents of Interest list below. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSmallpox Epidemic Records, 1858-1922, consist of papers relating to quarantines and hospitals for the containment and/or treatment of smallpox outbreaks in Lancaster County. See Documents of Interest list below. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOther Epidemic Records: Tuberculosis information, 1908 consists folder of material generally related to tuberculosis.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Health and Medical Records 1787-1922, consist of four series: Accounts Allowed, 1787-1900; Mental Health Records, 1827-1900; Smallpox Epidemic Records, 1858-1922; and Other Epidemic Records: Tuberculosis information, 1908.","Accounts Allowed, 1787-1900, include accounts and claims from doctors and/or other individuals for services rendered. These often pertain to house calls, prisoner visits, childbirths, post-mortems, supplies, etc. Items relating to mental health are housed with the Mental Health Records series in this collection. Items associated with coroners' claims are foldered separately here.","Mental Health Records, 1827-1900, may include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were recommended to be committed to a mental hospital.  Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane may also be present. Some individuals were recommended to the hospital in Williamsburg which later became Eastern State Hospital. Individuals who were referenced as \"colored\" or who were recommended to a Central Lunatic Asylum or the hospital at Petersburg or Richmond are noted. See Documents of Interest list below.","Smallpox Epidemic Records, 1858-1922, consist of papers relating to quarantines and hospitals for the containment and/or treatment of smallpox outbreaks in Lancaster County. See Documents of Interest list below.","Other Epidemic Records: Tuberculosis information, 1908 consists folder of material generally related to tuberculosis."],"corpname_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Central Lunatic Asylum for Colored Insane, Virginia.","Central State Hospital (Petersburg, Va.).","Eastern State Hospital (Va.)."],"names_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Central Lunatic Asylum for Colored Insane, Virginia.","Central State Hospital (Petersburg, Va.).","Eastern State Hospital (Va.)."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":14,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:13:33.340Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05133"}},{"id":"vi_vi03156","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Lancaster County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, 1913-1918","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03156#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03156#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eLancaster County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, 1913-1918, consist of birth and death registers. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03156#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi03156","ead_ssi":"vi_vi03156","_root_":"vi_vi03156","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi03156","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi03156.xml","title_ssm":["Lancaster County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, 1913-1918"],"title_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, 1913-1918"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Lancaster County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, 1913-1918"],"text":["Lancaster County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, 1913-1918","1161992","Public records -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Birth records -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Death records -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Local government records -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Vital statistics -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","1 box","Arranged chronologically.","Lancaster County was named for the English county.  It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties in 1651.","Laws requiring the recording of births and deaths in Virginia were enacted as early as 1632, when a law directed ministers or churchwardens in each parish to present a \"register of all burialls, christenings, and marriages\" yearly at the June meeting of the court. A similar act passed in 1659 stated that \"enquiries are often made for persons imported into the collonie, of whose death no positive certificate can be granted for want of registers.\" Few records survive from these early decades.","In 1713, the General Assembly noted that earlier acts had \"for a long time been disused\" and once again directed the recording of births and deaths by the minister or clerk of each parish. A return made the same year noted that the list of births and deaths was not complete since many parishes failed to make returns \"for tis a thing so new to the people that neither they care to Register their Births and Burials, nor are the Parish Clerks yet brought into a regular method of transmitting them.\"","The recording of vital statistics continued to be an ecclesiastical function throughout the colonial period. With the disestablishment of the Anglican church after the American Revolution and the rise of other religious denominations, the record-keeping process for vital statistics fell more and more to the individual family. By the mid-nineteenth century, however, medical science began to recognize the advantages of accurate birth and mortality information in controlling and treating communicable diseases. Pressure from local and national health organizations and medical professionals resulted in the passage of vital statistics registration laws. Virginia was one of the earliest states to pass such a law.","A law requiring the systematic statewide recording of births and deaths was passed by the General Assembly on April 11 1853. Every commissioner of revenue registered births and deaths in his district annually, at the same time personal property subject to taxation was ascertained. The commissioner recorded births and deaths that had occurred prior to 31 December of the preceding year and returned the record to the clerk of court by 1 June. Information was obtained from heads of family, physicians, surgeons, or coroners. The law imposed penalties for failing to furnish or collect the information.","The clerk of court in each locality entered the information supplied by the commissioner into registers and prepared an accompanying alphabetical index. A copy of each register was forwarded to the Auditor of Public Accounts. The law went into effect on 1 July 1853, and continued until 1896, when an economy-conscious legislature repealed the recording provisions.","There was no statewide recording of births and deaths between 1896 and 1912. Several metropolitan areas continued to keep records of births and deaths for all or part of the period between 1896 and 1912. Systematic statewide registration began again in June 1912.","Lancaster County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, 1913-1918, consist of birth and death registers.","Information is occasionally missing from the records. If an infant had not been named at the time of birth or death, the entry would record only the surname or note \"Smith, infant.\"","The Library of Virginia","Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, 1913-1918"],"collection_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, 1913-1918"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1161992"],"unitid_tesim":["1161992"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"creator_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"creators_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in shipments of court papers from Lancaster County."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Public records -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Birth records -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Death records -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Local government records -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Vital statistics -- Virginia -- Lancaster County"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Public records -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Birth records -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Death records -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Local government records -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Vital statistics -- Virginia -- Lancaster County"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["1 box"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged chronologically.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged chronologically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLancaster County was named for the English county.  It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties in 1651.  \n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eLaws requiring the recording of births and deaths in Virginia were enacted as early as 1632, when a law directed ministers or churchwardens in each parish to present a \"register of all burialls, christenings, and marriages\" yearly at the June meeting of the court. A similar act passed in 1659 stated that \"enquiries are often made for persons imported into the collonie, of whose death no positive certificate can be granted for want of registers.\" Few records survive from these early decades.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn 1713, the General Assembly noted that earlier acts had \"for a long time been disused\" and once again directed the recording of births and deaths by the minister or clerk of each parish. A return made the same year noted that the list of births and deaths was not complete since many parishes failed to make returns \"for tis a thing so new to the people that neither they care to Register their Births and Burials, nor are the Parish Clerks yet brought into a regular method of transmitting them.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe recording of vital statistics continued to be an ecclesiastical function throughout the colonial period. With the disestablishment of the Anglican church after the American Revolution and the rise of other religious denominations, the record-keeping process for vital statistics fell more and more to the individual family. By the mid-nineteenth century, however, medical science began to recognize the advantages of accurate birth and mortality information in controlling and treating communicable diseases. Pressure from local and national health organizations and medical professionals resulted in the passage of vital statistics registration laws. Virginia was one of the earliest states to pass such a law.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eA law requiring the systematic statewide recording of births and deaths was passed by the General Assembly on April 11 1853. Every commissioner of revenue registered births and deaths in his district annually, at the same time personal property subject to taxation was ascertained. The commissioner recorded births and deaths that had occurred prior to 31 December of the preceding year and returned the record to the clerk of court by 1 June. Information was obtained from heads of family, physicians, surgeons, or coroners. The law imposed penalties for failing to furnish or collect the information.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe clerk of court in each locality entered the information supplied by the commissioner into registers and prepared an accompanying alphabetical index. A copy of each register was forwarded to the Auditor of Public Accounts. The law went into effect on 1 July 1853, and continued until 1896, when an economy-conscious legislature repealed the recording provisions.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThere was no statewide recording of births and deaths between 1896 and 1912. Several metropolitan areas continued to keep records of births and deaths for all or part of the period between 1896 and 1912. Systematic statewide registration began again in June 1912.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Lancaster County was named for the English county.  It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties in 1651.","Laws requiring the recording of births and deaths in Virginia were enacted as early as 1632, when a law directed ministers or churchwardens in each parish to present a \"register of all burialls, christenings, and marriages\" yearly at the June meeting of the court. A similar act passed in 1659 stated that \"enquiries are often made for persons imported into the collonie, of whose death no positive certificate can be granted for want of registers.\" Few records survive from these early decades.","In 1713, the General Assembly noted that earlier acts had \"for a long time been disused\" and once again directed the recording of births and deaths by the minister or clerk of each parish. A return made the same year noted that the list of births and deaths was not complete since many parishes failed to make returns \"for tis a thing so new to the people that neither they care to Register their Births and Burials, nor are the Parish Clerks yet brought into a regular method of transmitting them.\"","The recording of vital statistics continued to be an ecclesiastical function throughout the colonial period. With the disestablishment of the Anglican church after the American Revolution and the rise of other religious denominations, the record-keeping process for vital statistics fell more and more to the individual family. By the mid-nineteenth century, however, medical science began to recognize the advantages of accurate birth and mortality information in controlling and treating communicable diseases. Pressure from local and national health organizations and medical professionals resulted in the passage of vital statistics registration laws. Virginia was one of the earliest states to pass such a law.","A law requiring the systematic statewide recording of births and deaths was passed by the General Assembly on April 11 1853. Every commissioner of revenue registered births and deaths in his district annually, at the same time personal property subject to taxation was ascertained. The commissioner recorded births and deaths that had occurred prior to 31 December of the preceding year and returned the record to the clerk of court by 1 June. Information was obtained from heads of family, physicians, surgeons, or coroners. The law imposed penalties for failing to furnish or collect the information.","The clerk of court in each locality entered the information supplied by the commissioner into registers and prepared an accompanying alphabetical index. A copy of each register was forwarded to the Auditor of Public Accounts. The law went into effect on 1 July 1853, and continued until 1896, when an economy-conscious legislature repealed the recording provisions.","There was no statewide recording of births and deaths between 1896 and 1912. Several metropolitan areas continued to keep records of births and deaths for all or part of the period between 1896 and 1912. Systematic statewide registration began again in June 1912."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLancaster County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, 1913-1918, consist of birth and death registers.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eInformation is occasionally missing from the records. If an infant had not been named at the time of birth or death, the entry would record only the surname or note \"Smith, infant.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, 1913-1918, consist of birth and death registers.","Information is occasionally missing from the records. If an infant had not been named at the time of birth or death, the entry would record only the surname or note \"Smith, infant.\""],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eThe Library of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e\n      "],"physloc_tesim":["The Library of Virginia"],"corpname_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"names_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:11:22.682Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi03156","ead_ssi":"vi_vi03156","_root_":"vi_vi03156","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi03156","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi03156.xml","title_ssm":["Lancaster County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, 1913-1918"],"title_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, 1913-1918"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Lancaster County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, 1913-1918"],"text":["Lancaster County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, 1913-1918","1161992","Public records -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Birth records -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Death records -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Local government records -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Vital statistics -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","1 box","Arranged chronologically.","Lancaster County was named for the English county.  It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties in 1651.","Laws requiring the recording of births and deaths in Virginia were enacted as early as 1632, when a law directed ministers or churchwardens in each parish to present a \"register of all burialls, christenings, and marriages\" yearly at the June meeting of the court. A similar act passed in 1659 stated that \"enquiries are often made for persons imported into the collonie, of whose death no positive certificate can be granted for want of registers.\" Few records survive from these early decades.","In 1713, the General Assembly noted that earlier acts had \"for a long time been disused\" and once again directed the recording of births and deaths by the minister or clerk of each parish. A return made the same year noted that the list of births and deaths was not complete since many parishes failed to make returns \"for tis a thing so new to the people that neither they care to Register their Births and Burials, nor are the Parish Clerks yet brought into a regular method of transmitting them.\"","The recording of vital statistics continued to be an ecclesiastical function throughout the colonial period. With the disestablishment of the Anglican church after the American Revolution and the rise of other religious denominations, the record-keeping process for vital statistics fell more and more to the individual family. By the mid-nineteenth century, however, medical science began to recognize the advantages of accurate birth and mortality information in controlling and treating communicable diseases. Pressure from local and national health organizations and medical professionals resulted in the passage of vital statistics registration laws. Virginia was one of the earliest states to pass such a law.","A law requiring the systematic statewide recording of births and deaths was passed by the General Assembly on April 11 1853. Every commissioner of revenue registered births and deaths in his district annually, at the same time personal property subject to taxation was ascertained. The commissioner recorded births and deaths that had occurred prior to 31 December of the preceding year and returned the record to the clerk of court by 1 June. Information was obtained from heads of family, physicians, surgeons, or coroners. The law imposed penalties for failing to furnish or collect the information.","The clerk of court in each locality entered the information supplied by the commissioner into registers and prepared an accompanying alphabetical index. A copy of each register was forwarded to the Auditor of Public Accounts. The law went into effect on 1 July 1853, and continued until 1896, when an economy-conscious legislature repealed the recording provisions.","There was no statewide recording of births and deaths between 1896 and 1912. Several metropolitan areas continued to keep records of births and deaths for all or part of the period between 1896 and 1912. Systematic statewide registration began again in June 1912.","Lancaster County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, 1913-1918, consist of birth and death registers.","Information is occasionally missing from the records. If an infant had not been named at the time of birth or death, the entry would record only the surname or note \"Smith, infant.\"","The Library of Virginia","Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, 1913-1918"],"collection_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, 1913-1918"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1161992"],"unitid_tesim":["1161992"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"creator_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"creators_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) 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It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties in 1651.  \n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eLaws requiring the recording of births and deaths in Virginia were enacted as early as 1632, when a law directed ministers or churchwardens in each parish to present a \"register of all burialls, christenings, and marriages\" yearly at the June meeting of the court. A similar act passed in 1659 stated that \"enquiries are often made for persons imported into the collonie, of whose death no positive certificate can be granted for want of registers.\" Few records survive from these early decades.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn 1713, the General Assembly noted that earlier acts had \"for a long time been disused\" and once again directed the recording of births and deaths by the minister or clerk of each parish. A return made the same year noted that the list of births and deaths was not complete since many parishes failed to make returns \"for tis a thing so new to the people that neither they care to Register their Births and Burials, nor are the Parish Clerks yet brought into a regular method of transmitting them.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe recording of vital statistics continued to be an ecclesiastical function throughout the colonial period. With the disestablishment of the Anglican church after the American Revolution and the rise of other religious denominations, the record-keeping process for vital statistics fell more and more to the individual family. By the mid-nineteenth century, however, medical science began to recognize the advantages of accurate birth and mortality information in controlling and treating communicable diseases. Pressure from local and national health organizations and medical professionals resulted in the passage of vital statistics registration laws. Virginia was one of the earliest states to pass such a law.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eA law requiring the systematic statewide recording of births and deaths was passed by the General Assembly on April 11 1853. Every commissioner of revenue registered births and deaths in his district annually, at the same time personal property subject to taxation was ascertained. The commissioner recorded births and deaths that had occurred prior to 31 December of the preceding year and returned the record to the clerk of court by 1 June. Information was obtained from heads of family, physicians, surgeons, or coroners. The law imposed penalties for failing to furnish or collect the information.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe clerk of court in each locality entered the information supplied by the commissioner into registers and prepared an accompanying alphabetical index. A copy of each register was forwarded to the Auditor of Public Accounts. The law went into effect on 1 July 1853, and continued until 1896, when an economy-conscious legislature repealed the recording provisions.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThere was no statewide recording of births and deaths between 1896 and 1912. Several metropolitan areas continued to keep records of births and deaths for all or part of the period between 1896 and 1912. Systematic statewide registration began again in June 1912.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Lancaster County was named for the English county.  It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties in 1651.","Laws requiring the recording of births and deaths in Virginia were enacted as early as 1632, when a law directed ministers or churchwardens in each parish to present a \"register of all burialls, christenings, and marriages\" yearly at the June meeting of the court. A similar act passed in 1659 stated that \"enquiries are often made for persons imported into the collonie, of whose death no positive certificate can be granted for want of registers.\" Few records survive from these early decades.","In 1713, the General Assembly noted that earlier acts had \"for a long time been disused\" and once again directed the recording of births and deaths by the minister or clerk of each parish. A return made the same year noted that the list of births and deaths was not complete since many parishes failed to make returns \"for tis a thing so new to the people that neither they care to Register their Births and Burials, nor are the Parish Clerks yet brought into a regular method of transmitting them.\"","The recording of vital statistics continued to be an ecclesiastical function throughout the colonial period. With the disestablishment of the Anglican church after the American Revolution and the rise of other religious denominations, the record-keeping process for vital statistics fell more and more to the individual family. By the mid-nineteenth century, however, medical science began to recognize the advantages of accurate birth and mortality information in controlling and treating communicable diseases. Pressure from local and national health organizations and medical professionals resulted in the passage of vital statistics registration laws. Virginia was one of the earliest states to pass such a law.","A law requiring the systematic statewide recording of births and deaths was passed by the General Assembly on April 11 1853. Every commissioner of revenue registered births and deaths in his district annually, at the same time personal property subject to taxation was ascertained. The commissioner recorded births and deaths that had occurred prior to 31 December of the preceding year and returned the record to the clerk of court by 1 June. Information was obtained from heads of family, physicians, surgeons, or coroners. The law imposed penalties for failing to furnish or collect the information.","The clerk of court in each locality entered the information supplied by the commissioner into registers and prepared an accompanying alphabetical index. A copy of each register was forwarded to the Auditor of Public Accounts. The law went into effect on 1 July 1853, and continued until 1896, when an economy-conscious legislature repealed the recording provisions.","There was no statewide recording of births and deaths between 1896 and 1912. Several metropolitan areas continued to keep records of births and deaths for all or part of the period between 1896 and 1912. Systematic statewide registration began again in June 1912."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLancaster County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, 1913-1918, consist of birth and death registers.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eInformation is occasionally missing from the records. If an infant had not been named at the time of birth or death, the entry would record only the surname or note \"Smith, infant.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, 1913-1918, consist of birth and death registers.","Information is occasionally missing from the records. If an infant had not been named at the time of birth or death, the entry would record only the surname or note \"Smith, infant.\""],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eThe Library of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e\n      "],"physloc_tesim":["The Library of Virginia"],"corpname_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"names_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:11:22.682Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03156"}},{"id":"vi_vi06214","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Lancaster County (Va.) Business Records, 1796-1936","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi06214#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi06214#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe business records of Lancaster County consist of account books, daybooks, journals, a testimonal book, ledgers, and loose records. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi06214#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi06214","ead_ssi":"vi_vi06214","_root_":"vi_vi06214","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi06214","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi06214.xml","title_ssm":["Lancaster County (Va.) Business Records, 1796-1936"],"title_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Business Records, 1796-1936"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Lancaster County (Va.) Business Records, 1796-1936"],"text":["Lancaster County (Va.) Business Records, 1796-1936",".","This collection is arranged into 13 series: \nSeries I: Business Records of Benjamin Waddey, 1809-1836\nSeries II: Business Records of B.F. Smith Fire-Proof Construction Company, 1893-1898\nSeries III: Business Records of Eubank and Dunaway, 1855-1856\nSeries IV: Business Records of the Hammell Oyster Company, 1929-1936\nSeries V: Business Records of John S. Chowning, 1855-1857\nSeries VI: Business Records of Stokeley Towles, 1796-1800\nSeries VII: Business Records of the Thomas West Tavern, 1809-1815\nSeries VIII: Business Records of an Unidentified Business, 1838-1842\nSeries IX: Business Records of an Unidentified General Store, 1839-1846\nSeries X: Business Records of an Unidentified Merchant, 1796-1801\nSeries XI: Business Records of Waddey and Payne, 1832-1835\nSeries XII: Business Records of Warner Eubank, 1845-1850\nSeries XIII: Business Records of West and Adam, 1804-1809","Context for Record Type: Business Records, both volumes and loose records, are in some cases transferred to the Library of Virginia as components of court record transfers. These business records in some cases were simply stored in the local court building for safe keeping by business owners. In other cases, business records (particularly ledgers, account books, etc.) may have been filed in a court case as an exhibit. These business record exhibits appeared both in chancery causes and in judgments, these records serving as exhibits for business dissolution cases, debut suits, and contract disputes.","Locality History: Lancaster County was named probably for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties sometime between 26 March and 16 September 1651. The county court first met on 1 January 1652. The county seat is Lancaster.","The business records of Lancaster County consist of account books, daybooks, journals, a testimonal book, ledgers, and loose records.","Library of Virginia","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Business Records, 1796-1936"],"collection_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Business Records, 1796-1936"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"creator_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in transfers of court papers from Lancaster County in 2004 under the accession numbers 41565 and under an undated accession."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["."],"extent_ssm":["21 volumes; 0.1 cubic feet (1 folder)"],"extent_tesim":["21 volumes; 0.1 cubic feet (1 folder)"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into 13 series: \n\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries I: Business Records of Benjamin Waddey, 1809-1836\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries II: Business Records of B.F. Smith Fire-Proof Construction Company, 1893-1898\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries III: Business Records of Eubank and Dunaway, 1855-1856\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries IV: Business Records of the Hammell Oyster Company, 1929-1936\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries V: Business Records of John S. Chowning, 1855-1857\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VI: Business Records of Stokeley Towles, 1796-1800\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VII: Business Records of the Thomas West Tavern, 1809-1815\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VIII: Business Records of an Unidentified Business, 1838-1842\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries IX: Business Records of an Unidentified General Store, 1839-1846\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries X: Business Records of an Unidentified Merchant, 1796-1801\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XI: Business Records of Waddey and Payne, 1832-1835\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XII: Business Records of Warner Eubank, 1845-1850\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XIII: Business Records of West and Adam, 1804-1809\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into 13 series: \nSeries I: Business Records of Benjamin Waddey, 1809-1836\nSeries II: Business Records of B.F. Smith Fire-Proof Construction Company, 1893-1898\nSeries III: Business Records of Eubank and Dunaway, 1855-1856\nSeries IV: Business Records of the Hammell Oyster Company, 1929-1936\nSeries V: Business Records of John S. Chowning, 1855-1857\nSeries VI: Business Records of Stokeley Towles, 1796-1800\nSeries VII: Business Records of the Thomas West Tavern, 1809-1815\nSeries VIII: Business Records of an Unidentified Business, 1838-1842\nSeries IX: Business Records of an Unidentified General Store, 1839-1846\nSeries X: Business Records of an Unidentified Merchant, 1796-1801\nSeries XI: Business Records of Waddey and Payne, 1832-1835\nSeries XII: Business Records of Warner Eubank, 1845-1850\nSeries XIII: Business Records of West and Adam, 1804-1809"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Record Type:\u003c/emph\u003e Business Records, both volumes and loose records, are in some cases transferred to the Library of Virginia as components of court record transfers. These business records in some cases were simply stored in the local court building for safe keeping by business owners. In other cases, business records (particularly ledgers, account books, etc.) may have been filed in a court case as an exhibit. These business record exhibits appeared both in chancery causes and in judgments, these records serving as exhibits for business dissolution cases, debut suits, and contract disputes.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History:\u003c/emph\u003e Lancaster County was named probably for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties sometime between 26 March and 16 September 1651. The county court first met on 1 January 1652. The county seat is Lancaster.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Record Type: Business Records, both volumes and loose records, are in some cases transferred to the Library of Virginia as components of court record transfers. These business records in some cases were simply stored in the local court building for safe keeping by business owners. In other cases, business records (particularly ledgers, account books, etc.) may have been filed in a court case as an exhibit. These business record exhibits appeared both in chancery causes and in judgments, these records serving as exhibits for business dissolution cases, debut suits, and contract disputes.","Locality History: Lancaster County was named probably for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties sometime between 26 March and 16 September 1651. The county court first met on 1 January 1652. The county seat is Lancaster."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe business records of Lancaster County consist of account books, daybooks, journals, a testimonal book, ledgers, and loose records. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The business records of Lancaster County consist of account books, daybooks, journals, a testimonal book, ledgers, and loose records."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e\n"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":35,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:14:16.524Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi06214","ead_ssi":"vi_vi06214","_root_":"vi_vi06214","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi06214","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi06214.xml","title_ssm":["Lancaster County (Va.) Business Records, 1796-1936"],"title_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Business Records, 1796-1936"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Lancaster County (Va.) Business Records, 1796-1936"],"text":["Lancaster County (Va.) Business Records, 1796-1936",".","This collection is arranged into 13 series: \nSeries I: Business Records of Benjamin Waddey, 1809-1836\nSeries II: Business Records of B.F. Smith Fire-Proof Construction Company, 1893-1898\nSeries III: Business Records of Eubank and Dunaway, 1855-1856\nSeries IV: Business Records of the Hammell Oyster Company, 1929-1936\nSeries V: Business Records of John S. Chowning, 1855-1857\nSeries VI: Business Records of Stokeley Towles, 1796-1800\nSeries VII: Business Records of the Thomas West Tavern, 1809-1815\nSeries VIII: Business Records of an Unidentified Business, 1838-1842\nSeries IX: Business Records of an Unidentified General Store, 1839-1846\nSeries X: Business Records of an Unidentified Merchant, 1796-1801\nSeries XI: Business Records of Waddey and Payne, 1832-1835\nSeries XII: Business Records of Warner Eubank, 1845-1850\nSeries XIII: Business Records of West and Adam, 1804-1809","Context for Record Type: Business Records, both volumes and loose records, are in some cases transferred to the Library of Virginia as components of court record transfers. These business records in some cases were simply stored in the local court building for safe keeping by business owners. In other cases, business records (particularly ledgers, account books, etc.) may have been filed in a court case as an exhibit. These business record exhibits appeared both in chancery causes and in judgments, these records serving as exhibits for business dissolution cases, debut suits, and contract disputes.","Locality History: Lancaster County was named probably for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties sometime between 26 March and 16 September 1651. The county court first met on 1 January 1652. The county seat is Lancaster.","The business records of Lancaster County consist of account books, daybooks, journals, a testimonal book, ledgers, and loose records.","Library of Virginia","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Business Records, 1796-1936"],"collection_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Business Records, 1796-1936"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"creator_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in transfers of court papers from Lancaster County in 2004 under the accession numbers 41565 and under an undated accession."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["."],"extent_ssm":["21 volumes; 0.1 cubic feet (1 folder)"],"extent_tesim":["21 volumes; 0.1 cubic feet (1 folder)"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into 13 series: \n\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries I: Business Records of Benjamin Waddey, 1809-1836\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries II: Business Records of B.F. Smith Fire-Proof Construction Company, 1893-1898\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries III: Business Records of Eubank and Dunaway, 1855-1856\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries IV: Business Records of the Hammell Oyster Company, 1929-1936\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries V: Business Records of John S. Chowning, 1855-1857\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VI: Business Records of Stokeley Towles, 1796-1800\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VII: Business Records of the Thomas West Tavern, 1809-1815\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VIII: Business Records of an Unidentified Business, 1838-1842\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries IX: Business Records of an Unidentified General Store, 1839-1846\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries X: Business Records of an Unidentified Merchant, 1796-1801\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XI: Business Records of Waddey and Payne, 1832-1835\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XII: Business Records of Warner Eubank, 1845-1850\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XIII: Business Records of West and Adam, 1804-1809\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into 13 series: \nSeries I: Business Records of Benjamin Waddey, 1809-1836\nSeries II: Business Records of B.F. Smith Fire-Proof Construction Company, 1893-1898\nSeries III: Business Records of Eubank and Dunaway, 1855-1856\nSeries IV: Business Records of the Hammell Oyster Company, 1929-1936\nSeries V: Business Records of John S. Chowning, 1855-1857\nSeries VI: Business Records of Stokeley Towles, 1796-1800\nSeries VII: Business Records of the Thomas West Tavern, 1809-1815\nSeries VIII: Business Records of an Unidentified Business, 1838-1842\nSeries IX: Business Records of an Unidentified General Store, 1839-1846\nSeries X: Business Records of an Unidentified Merchant, 1796-1801\nSeries XI: Business Records of Waddey and Payne, 1832-1835\nSeries XII: Business Records of Warner Eubank, 1845-1850\nSeries XIII: Business Records of West and Adam, 1804-1809"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Record Type:\u003c/emph\u003e Business Records, both volumes and loose records, are in some cases transferred to the Library of Virginia as components of court record transfers. These business records in some cases were simply stored in the local court building for safe keeping by business owners. In other cases, business records (particularly ledgers, account books, etc.) may have been filed in a court case as an exhibit. These business record exhibits appeared both in chancery causes and in judgments, these records serving as exhibits for business dissolution cases, debut suits, and contract disputes.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History:\u003c/emph\u003e Lancaster County was named probably for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties sometime between 26 March and 16 September 1651. The county court first met on 1 January 1652. The county seat is Lancaster.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Record Type: Business Records, both volumes and loose records, are in some cases transferred to the Library of Virginia as components of court record transfers. These business records in some cases were simply stored in the local court building for safe keeping by business owners. In other cases, business records (particularly ledgers, account books, etc.) may have been filed in a court case as an exhibit. These business record exhibits appeared both in chancery causes and in judgments, these records serving as exhibits for business dissolution cases, debut suits, and contract disputes.","Locality History: Lancaster County was named probably for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties sometime between 26 March and 16 September 1651. The county court first met on 1 January 1652. The county seat is Lancaster."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe business records of Lancaster County consist of account books, daybooks, journals, a testimonal book, ledgers, and loose records. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The business records of Lancaster County consist of account books, daybooks, journals, a testimonal book, ledgers, and loose records."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e\n"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":35,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:14:16.524Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi06214"}},{"id":"vi_vi02280","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Lancaster County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1722-1936","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02280#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02280#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eLancaster County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1722-1936, consists of cases concerning issues of equity brought largely by residents of the county and filed in the circuit court. These cases often involve the following actions: divisions of estates or land, disputes over wills, disputes regarding contracts, debt, divorce, and business disputes. Other less prevalent issues include freedom suits, permissions to sell property, and disputes concerning trespass. Predominant documents found in these chancery causes include bills (documents the plaintiff's complaint), answers (defendant's response to the plaintiff's complaint), decrees (court's decision), depositions, affidavits, correspondence, lists of heirs, deeds, plats, wills, records involving enslaved individuals, business records or vital statistics. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02280#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi02280","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02280","_root_":"vi_vi02280","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02280","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi02280.xml","title_ssm":["Lancaster County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1722-1936"],"title_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1722-1936"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Lancaster County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1722-1936"],"text":["Lancaster County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1722-1936","Digital images; 25.8 cubic feet (66 boxes)","Organized by case, of which each is assigned a unique index number comprised of the latest year found in case and a sequentially increasing 3-digit number assigned by the processor as cases for that year are found. Arranged chronologically.","of documents within each folder are as follows: Bill, Answer, and Final Decree (if found.)","Context for Record Type:\n Chancery Causes are cases of equity. According to Black's Law Dictionary they are \"administered according to fairness as contrasted with the strictly formulated rules of common law.\" A judge, not a jury, determines the outcome of the case; however, the judge is basing the decision on findings compiled and documented by Commissioners. Chancery causes are useful when researching local history, genealogical information, and land or estate divisions. They are a valuable source of local, state, social, and legal history and serve as a primary source for understanding a locality's history. Chancery causes document the lived experiences of free and enslaved individuals; women; children; people living with physical disabilities or mental health struggles; people living in poverty; defunct institutions and corporate entities; or those that may not have otherwise left traditional written histories.","Locality History:\n Lancaster County was named probably for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties sometime between 26 March and 16 September 1651. The county court first met on 1 January 1652. The county seat is Lancaster.","Lancaster County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1722-1936, consists of cases concerning issues of equity brought largely by residents of the county and filed in the circuit court. These cases often involve the following actions: divisions of estates or land, disputes over wills, disputes regarding contracts, debt, divorce, and business disputes. Other less prevalent issues include freedom suits, permissions to sell property, and disputes concerning trespass. Predominant documents found in these chancery causes include bills (documents the plaintiff's complaint), answers (defendant's response to the plaintiff's complaint), decrees (court's decision), depositions, affidavits, correspondence, lists of heirs, deeds, plats, wills, records involving enslaved individuals, business records or vital statistics.","Library of Virginia","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1722-1936"],"collection_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1722-1936"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"creator_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Orange County (Va.) in 2012 under accession number 50291 and under an undated accession. An additional record was returned from the National Archives in November 1949 under accession number 23476d."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Digital images; 25.8 cubic feet (66 boxes)"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOrganized by case, of which each is assigned a unique index number comprised of the latest year found in case and a sequentially increasing 3-digit number assigned by the processor as cases for that year are found. Arranged chronologically.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eof documents within each folder are as follows: Bill, Answer, and Final Decree (if found.)\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Organized by case, of which each is assigned a unique index number comprised of the latest year found in case and a sequentially increasing 3-digit number assigned by the processor as cases for that year are found. Arranged chronologically.","of documents within each folder are as follows: Bill, Answer, and Final Decree (if found.)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Record Type:\u003c/emph\u003e\n Chancery Causes are cases of equity. According to Black's Law Dictionary they are \"administered according to fairness as contrasted with the strictly formulated rules of common law.\" A judge, not a jury, determines the outcome of the case; however, the judge is basing the decision on findings compiled and documented by Commissioners. Chancery causes are useful when researching local history, genealogical information, and land or estate divisions. They are a valuable source of local, state, social, and legal history and serve as a primary source for understanding a locality's history. Chancery causes document the lived experiences of free and enslaved individuals; women; children; people living with physical disabilities or mental health struggles; people living in poverty; defunct institutions and corporate entities; or those that may not have otherwise left traditional written histories. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History:\u003c/emph\u003e\n Lancaster County was named probably for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties sometime between 26 March and 16 September 1651. The county court first met on 1 January 1652. The county seat is Lancaster.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Record Type:\n Chancery Causes are cases of equity. According to Black's Law Dictionary they are \"administered according to fairness as contrasted with the strictly formulated rules of common law.\" A judge, not a jury, determines the outcome of the case; however, the judge is basing the decision on findings compiled and documented by Commissioners. Chancery causes are useful when researching local history, genealogical information, and land or estate divisions. They are a valuable source of local, state, social, and legal history and serve as a primary source for understanding a locality's history. Chancery causes document the lived experiences of free and enslaved individuals; women; children; people living with physical disabilities or mental health struggles; people living in poverty; defunct institutions and corporate entities; or those that may not have otherwise left traditional written histories.","Locality History:\n Lancaster County was named probably for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties sometime between 26 March and 16 September 1651. The county court first met on 1 January 1652. The county seat is Lancaster."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLancaster County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1722-1936, consists of cases concerning issues of equity brought largely by residents of the county and filed in the circuit court. These cases often involve the following actions: divisions of estates or land, disputes over wills, disputes regarding contracts, debt, divorce, and business disputes. Other less prevalent issues include freedom suits, permissions to sell property, and disputes concerning trespass. Predominant documents found in these chancery causes include bills (documents the plaintiff's complaint), answers (defendant's response to the plaintiff's complaint), decrees (court's decision), depositions, affidavits, correspondence, lists of heirs, deeds, plats, wills, records involving enslaved individuals, business records or vital statistics.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1722-1936, consists of cases concerning issues of equity brought largely by residents of the county and filed in the circuit court. These cases often involve the following actions: divisions of estates or land, disputes over wills, disputes regarding contracts, debt, divorce, and business disputes. Other less prevalent issues include freedom suits, permissions to sell property, and disputes concerning trespass. Predominant documents found in these chancery causes include bills (documents the plaintiff's complaint), answers (defendant's response to the plaintiff's complaint), decrees (court's decision), depositions, affidavits, correspondence, lists of heirs, deeds, plats, wills, records involving enslaved individuals, business records or vital statistics."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e\n      "],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:10:48.498Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi02280","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02280","_root_":"vi_vi02280","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02280","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi02280.xml","title_ssm":["Lancaster County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1722-1936"],"title_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1722-1936"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Lancaster County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1722-1936"],"text":["Lancaster County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1722-1936","Digital images; 25.8 cubic feet (66 boxes)","Organized by case, of which each is assigned a unique index number comprised of the latest year found in case and a sequentially increasing 3-digit number assigned by the processor as cases for that year are found. Arranged chronologically.","of documents within each folder are as follows: Bill, Answer, and Final Decree (if found.)","Context for Record Type:\n Chancery Causes are cases of equity. According to Black's Law Dictionary they are \"administered according to fairness as contrasted with the strictly formulated rules of common law.\" A judge, not a jury, determines the outcome of the case; however, the judge is basing the decision on findings compiled and documented by Commissioners. Chancery causes are useful when researching local history, genealogical information, and land or estate divisions. They are a valuable source of local, state, social, and legal history and serve as a primary source for understanding a locality's history. Chancery causes document the lived experiences of free and enslaved individuals; women; children; people living with physical disabilities or mental health struggles; people living in poverty; defunct institutions and corporate entities; or those that may not have otherwise left traditional written histories.","Locality History:\n Lancaster County was named probably for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties sometime between 26 March and 16 September 1651. The county court first met on 1 January 1652. The county seat is Lancaster.","Lancaster County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1722-1936, consists of cases concerning issues of equity brought largely by residents of the county and filed in the circuit court. These cases often involve the following actions: divisions of estates or land, disputes over wills, disputes regarding contracts, debt, divorce, and business disputes. Other less prevalent issues include freedom suits, permissions to sell property, and disputes concerning trespass. Predominant documents found in these chancery causes include bills (documents the plaintiff's complaint), answers (defendant's response to the plaintiff's complaint), decrees (court's decision), depositions, affidavits, correspondence, lists of heirs, deeds, plats, wills, records involving enslaved individuals, business records or vital statistics.","Library of Virginia","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1722-1936"],"collection_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1722-1936"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"creator_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Orange County (Va.) in 2012 under accession number 50291 and under an undated accession. An additional record was returned from the National Archives in November 1949 under accession number 23476d."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Digital images; 25.8 cubic feet (66 boxes)"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOrganized by case, of which each is assigned a unique index number comprised of the latest year found in case and a sequentially increasing 3-digit number assigned by the processor as cases for that year are found. Arranged chronologically.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eof documents within each folder are as follows: Bill, Answer, and Final Decree (if found.)\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Organized by case, of which each is assigned a unique index number comprised of the latest year found in case and a sequentially increasing 3-digit number assigned by the processor as cases for that year are found. Arranged chronologically.","of documents within each folder are as follows: Bill, Answer, and Final Decree (if found.)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Record Type:\u003c/emph\u003e\n Chancery Causes are cases of equity. According to Black's Law Dictionary they are \"administered according to fairness as contrasted with the strictly formulated rules of common law.\" A judge, not a jury, determines the outcome of the case; however, the judge is basing the decision on findings compiled and documented by Commissioners. Chancery causes are useful when researching local history, genealogical information, and land or estate divisions. They are a valuable source of local, state, social, and legal history and serve as a primary source for understanding a locality's history. Chancery causes document the lived experiences of free and enslaved individuals; women; children; people living with physical disabilities or mental health struggles; people living in poverty; defunct institutions and corporate entities; or those that may not have otherwise left traditional written histories. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History:\u003c/emph\u003e\n Lancaster County was named probably for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties sometime between 26 March and 16 September 1651. The county court first met on 1 January 1652. The county seat is Lancaster.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Record Type:\n Chancery Causes are cases of equity. According to Black's Law Dictionary they are \"administered according to fairness as contrasted with the strictly formulated rules of common law.\" A judge, not a jury, determines the outcome of the case; however, the judge is basing the decision on findings compiled and documented by Commissioners. Chancery causes are useful when researching local history, genealogical information, and land or estate divisions. They are a valuable source of local, state, social, and legal history and serve as a primary source for understanding a locality's history. Chancery causes document the lived experiences of free and enslaved individuals; women; children; people living with physical disabilities or mental health struggles; people living in poverty; defunct institutions and corporate entities; or those that may not have otherwise left traditional written histories.","Locality History:\n Lancaster County was named probably for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties sometime between 26 March and 16 September 1651. The county court first met on 1 January 1652. The county seat is Lancaster."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLancaster County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1722-1936, consists of cases concerning issues of equity brought largely by residents of the county and filed in the circuit court. These cases often involve the following actions: divisions of estates or land, disputes over wills, disputes regarding contracts, debt, divorce, and business disputes. Other less prevalent issues include freedom suits, permissions to sell property, and disputes concerning trespass. Predominant documents found in these chancery causes include bills (documents the plaintiff's complaint), answers (defendant's response to the plaintiff's complaint), decrees (court's decision), depositions, affidavits, correspondence, lists of heirs, deeds, plats, wills, records involving enslaved individuals, business records or vital statistics.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1722-1936, consists of cases concerning issues of equity brought largely by residents of the county and filed in the circuit court. These cases often involve the following actions: divisions of estates or land, disputes over wills, disputes regarding contracts, debt, divorce, and business disputes. Other less prevalent issues include freedom suits, permissions to sell property, and disputes concerning trespass. Predominant documents found in these chancery causes include bills (documents the plaintiff's complaint), answers (defendant's response to the plaintiff's complaint), decrees (court's decision), depositions, affidavits, correspondence, lists of heirs, deeds, plats, wills, records involving enslaved individuals, business records or vital statistics."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e\n      "],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:10:48.498Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02280"}},{"id":"vi_vi03398","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Lancaster County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1792-1926","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03398#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03398#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e Materials in the Library of Virginia's collections contain historical terms, phrases, and images that are offensive to modern readers. These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; religion; sex; and sexual orientation and gender identity.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03398#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi03398","ead_ssi":"vi_vi03398","_root_":"vi_vi03398","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi03398","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi03398.xml","title_ssm":["Lancaster County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1792-1926"],"title_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1792-1926"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Lancaster County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1792-1926"],"text":["Lancaster County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1792-1926",".23 cubic feet (1 box)","This collection is arrangedSeries I: Coroners' Inquisitions, 1792-1926, chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the court.","Context for Record Type:","A carry over from the British system, the separate office of coroner appeared in Virginia about 1660. The judicial duty of the office was to hold inquisitions in cases when persons met a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious death, or death without medical attendance. The law did not encourage the Coroner to be a medical professional until the 20th century, and only stipulated that the local court be responsible for the appointment. Although not reliant on profession, this system of affluent white men making the decisions largely ensured that only other white men served in this position for much of its history","Prior to the Civil War, the coroner would summon a jury of twelve white men, usually prominent citizens of that locality, to assist him in determining cause of death. The jury viewed the body of the deceased and heard the testimony of witnesses which did include both white and Black perspectives. This witness testimony was recorded and after seeing and hearing the evidence, and unlike other judicial proceedings, enslaved people could provide depositions in coroner's inquisitions, but still, an all-white jury delivered in writing to the coroner their conclusion concerning cause of death referred to as the inquisition. These causes of death would be determined by a white perspective and Black individuals were only consulted; they were never in a position to make decisions. After the Civil War, the process remained the same but the racial distinctions stipulating jury eligibility no longer remained. However, as appointments still continued and juror eligibility reserved for those \"entitled to vote and hold office,\" the authority and influence in the hands of white citizens remained throughout the late 19th and early 20th century.","In 1877, an act of the General Assembly changed the number of jurors to six, and by 1926, only the coroner determined cause of death but they could require physicians to assist them with determining cause of death. Then in 1946, the General Assembly abolished the Coroner's office/ office of Coroner's Physician altogether, appointed instead a Chief Medical Examiner, and by 1950 transitioned to a statewide Office of the Chief Medical Examiner which now lives within the Department of Health.","If a criminal act was determined to be the cause of death, the coroner delivered the guilty person to the sheriff and the inquests would be used as evidence in the criminal trial. In this case, coroner's inquisitions were filed with the trial papers. If there was not a trial, coroner's inquisitions were filed separately and are more likely to appear in this collection as a standalone set of documents.","Locality History:  Lancaster County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties sometime between 26 March and 16 September 1651. The county court first met on 1 January 1652. The county seat is Lancaster.","Materials in the Library of Virginia's collections contain historical terms, phrases, and images that are offensive to modern readers. These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; religion; sex; and sexual orientation and gender identity.","Coroners' Inquisitions contain graphic and in some cases violent or otherwise disturbing descriptions of death.","Lancaster County (Va) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1792-1926, contains investigations into the deaths of individuals who died by a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious manner, or died without medical attendance. Causes of death found in these records include accidental, alcohol, drowning, homicide, injuries, infanticide, medical conditions, natural causes (\"visitation by God\"), and suicide.","Documents commonly found in coroners' inquisitions include the inquisition, depositions, and summons. Some inquisitions contain other documents such as exhibits. Information found in the inquisition include the name of the coroner, the names of the jurors, the name and age of the deceased if known, gender and race of the deceased, and when, how, and by what means the deceased came to his or her death. If the coroner knew the deceased person to be Black or Multiracial, the inquest should identify the person individual's legal status (free or enslaved). If the coroner knew the deceased person to be enslaved, the inquest often includes their name, their enslaver and the enslaver's residence. Information found in the depositions include the name of the deponent(s) and their account of the circumstances that led to the death of the deceased.","Library of Virginia","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1792-1926"],"collection_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1792-1926"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"creator_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court records from Lancaster County in an undated accession. A portion of the records came in 2012 under the accession number 50291."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":[".23 cubic feet (1 box)"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries I: Coroners' Inquisitions, 1792-1926, chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the court.\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arrangedSeries I: Coroners' Inquisitions, 1792-1926, chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the court."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Record Type: \u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA carry over from the British system, the separate office of coroner appeared in Virginia about 1660. The judicial duty of the office was to hold inquisitions in cases when persons met a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious death, or death without medical attendance. The law did not encourage the Coroner to be a medical professional until the 20th century, and only stipulated that the local court be responsible for the appointment. Although not reliant on profession, this system of affluent white men making the decisions largely ensured that only other white men served in this position for much of its history\u003c/p\u003e\n\n","\u003cp\u003ePrior to the Civil War, the coroner would summon a jury of twelve white men, usually prominent citizens of that locality, to assist him in determining cause of death. The jury viewed the body of the deceased and heard the testimony of witnesses which did include both white and Black perspectives. This witness testimony was recorded and after seeing and hearing the evidence, and unlike other judicial proceedings, enslaved people could provide depositions in coroner's inquisitions, but still, an all-white jury delivered in writing to the coroner their conclusion concerning cause of death referred to as the inquisition. These causes of death would be determined by a white perspective and Black individuals were only consulted; they were never in a position to make decisions. After the Civil War, the process remained the same but the racial distinctions stipulating jury eligibility no longer remained. However, as appointments still continued and juror eligibility reserved for those \"entitled to vote and hold office,\" the authority and influence in the hands of white citizens remained throughout the late 19th and early 20th century.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1877, an act of the General Assembly changed the number of jurors to six, and by 1926, only the coroner determined cause of death but they could require physicians to assist them with determining cause of death. Then in 1946, the General Assembly abolished the Coroner's office/ office of Coroner's Physician altogether, appointed instead a Chief Medical Examiner, and by 1950 transitioned to a statewide Office of the Chief Medical Examiner which now lives within the Department of Health.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n","\u003cp\u003eIf a criminal act was determined to be the cause of death, the coroner delivered the guilty person to the sheriff and the inquests would be used as evidence in the criminal trial. In this case, coroner's inquisitions were filed with the trial papers. If there was not a trial, coroner's inquisitions were filed separately and are more likely to appear in this collection as a standalone set of documents.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History: \u003c/emph\u003e Lancaster County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties sometime between 26 March and 16 September 1651. The county court first met on 1 January 1652. The county seat is Lancaster.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Record Type:","A carry over from the British system, the separate office of coroner appeared in Virginia about 1660. The judicial duty of the office was to hold inquisitions in cases when persons met a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious death, or death without medical attendance. The law did not encourage the Coroner to be a medical professional until the 20th century, and only stipulated that the local court be responsible for the appointment. Although not reliant on profession, this system of affluent white men making the decisions largely ensured that only other white men served in this position for much of its history","Prior to the Civil War, the coroner would summon a jury of twelve white men, usually prominent citizens of that locality, to assist him in determining cause of death. The jury viewed the body of the deceased and heard the testimony of witnesses which did include both white and Black perspectives. This witness testimony was recorded and after seeing and hearing the evidence, and unlike other judicial proceedings, enslaved people could provide depositions in coroner's inquisitions, but still, an all-white jury delivered in writing to the coroner their conclusion concerning cause of death referred to as the inquisition. These causes of death would be determined by a white perspective and Black individuals were only consulted; they were never in a position to make decisions. After the Civil War, the process remained the same but the racial distinctions stipulating jury eligibility no longer remained. However, as appointments still continued and juror eligibility reserved for those \"entitled to vote and hold office,\" the authority and influence in the hands of white citizens remained throughout the late 19th and early 20th century.","In 1877, an act of the General Assembly changed the number of jurors to six, and by 1926, only the coroner determined cause of death but they could require physicians to assist them with determining cause of death. Then in 1946, the General Assembly abolished the Coroner's office/ office of Coroner's Physician altogether, appointed instead a Chief Medical Examiner, and by 1950 transitioned to a statewide Office of the Chief Medical Examiner which now lives within the Department of Health.","If a criminal act was determined to be the cause of death, the coroner delivered the guilty person to the sheriff and the inquests would be used as evidence in the criminal trial. In this case, coroner's inquisitions were filed with the trial papers. If there was not a trial, coroner's inquisitions were filed separately and are more likely to appear in this collection as a standalone set of documents.","Locality History:  Lancaster County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties sometime between 26 March and 16 September 1651. The county court first met on 1 January 1652. The county seat is Lancaster."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003e  Materials in the Library of Virginia's collections contain historical terms, phrases, and images that are offensive to modern readers. These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; religion; sex; and sexual orientation and gender identity.\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eCoroners' Inquisitions contain graphic and in some cases violent or otherwise disturbing descriptions of death.\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eLancaster County (Va) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1792-1926, contains investigations into the deaths of individuals who died by a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious manner, or died without medical attendance. Causes of death found in these records include accidental, alcohol, drowning, homicide, injuries, infanticide, medical conditions, natural causes (\"visitation by God\"), and suicide.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDocuments commonly found in coroners' inquisitions include the inquisition, depositions, and summons. Some inquisitions contain other documents such as exhibits. Information found in the inquisition include the name of the coroner, the names of the jurors, the name and age of the deceased if known, gender and race of the deceased, and when, how, and by what means the deceased came to his or her death. If the coroner knew the deceased person to be Black or Multiracial, the inquest should identify the person individual's legal status (free or enslaved). If the coroner knew the deceased person to be enslaved, the inquest often includes their name, their enslaver and the enslaver's residence. Information found in the depositions include the name of the deponent(s) and their account of the circumstances that led to the death of the deceased.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Materials in the Library of Virginia's collections contain historical terms, phrases, and images that are offensive to modern readers. These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; religion; sex; and sexual orientation and gender identity.","Coroners' Inquisitions contain graphic and in some cases violent or otherwise disturbing descriptions of death.","Lancaster County (Va) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1792-1926, contains investigations into the deaths of individuals who died by a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious manner, or died without medical attendance. Causes of death found in these records include accidental, alcohol, drowning, homicide, injuries, infanticide, medical conditions, natural causes (\"visitation by God\"), and suicide.","Documents commonly found in coroners' inquisitions include the inquisition, depositions, and summons. Some inquisitions contain other documents such as exhibits. Information found in the inquisition include the name of the coroner, the names of the jurors, the name and age of the deceased if known, gender and race of the deceased, and when, how, and by what means the deceased came to his or her death. If the coroner knew the deceased person to be Black or Multiracial, the inquest should identify the person individual's legal status (free or enslaved). If the coroner knew the deceased person to be enslaved, the inquest often includes their name, their enslaver and the enslaver's residence. Information found in the depositions include the name of the deponent(s) and their account of the circumstances that led to the death of the deceased."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e\n      "],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:11:51.555Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi03398","ead_ssi":"vi_vi03398","_root_":"vi_vi03398","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi03398","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi03398.xml","title_ssm":["Lancaster County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1792-1926"],"title_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1792-1926"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Lancaster County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1792-1926"],"text":["Lancaster County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1792-1926",".23 cubic feet (1 box)","This collection is arrangedSeries I: Coroners' Inquisitions, 1792-1926, chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the court.","Context for Record Type:","A carry over from the British system, the separate office of coroner appeared in Virginia about 1660. The judicial duty of the office was to hold inquisitions in cases when persons met a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious death, or death without medical attendance. The law did not encourage the Coroner to be a medical professional until the 20th century, and only stipulated that the local court be responsible for the appointment. Although not reliant on profession, this system of affluent white men making the decisions largely ensured that only other white men served in this position for much of its history","Prior to the Civil War, the coroner would summon a jury of twelve white men, usually prominent citizens of that locality, to assist him in determining cause of death. The jury viewed the body of the deceased and heard the testimony of witnesses which did include both white and Black perspectives. This witness testimony was recorded and after seeing and hearing the evidence, and unlike other judicial proceedings, enslaved people could provide depositions in coroner's inquisitions, but still, an all-white jury delivered in writing to the coroner their conclusion concerning cause of death referred to as the inquisition. These causes of death would be determined by a white perspective and Black individuals were only consulted; they were never in a position to make decisions. After the Civil War, the process remained the same but the racial distinctions stipulating jury eligibility no longer remained. However, as appointments still continued and juror eligibility reserved for those \"entitled to vote and hold office,\" the authority and influence in the hands of white citizens remained throughout the late 19th and early 20th century.","In 1877, an act of the General Assembly changed the number of jurors to six, and by 1926, only the coroner determined cause of death but they could require physicians to assist them with determining cause of death. Then in 1946, the General Assembly abolished the Coroner's office/ office of Coroner's Physician altogether, appointed instead a Chief Medical Examiner, and by 1950 transitioned to a statewide Office of the Chief Medical Examiner which now lives within the Department of Health.","If a criminal act was determined to be the cause of death, the coroner delivered the guilty person to the sheriff and the inquests would be used as evidence in the criminal trial. In this case, coroner's inquisitions were filed with the trial papers. If there was not a trial, coroner's inquisitions were filed separately and are more likely to appear in this collection as a standalone set of documents.","Locality History:  Lancaster County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties sometime between 26 March and 16 September 1651. The county court first met on 1 January 1652. The county seat is Lancaster.","Materials in the Library of Virginia's collections contain historical terms, phrases, and images that are offensive to modern readers. These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; religion; sex; and sexual orientation and gender identity.","Coroners' Inquisitions contain graphic and in some cases violent or otherwise disturbing descriptions of death.","Lancaster County (Va) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1792-1926, contains investigations into the deaths of individuals who died by a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious manner, or died without medical attendance. Causes of death found in these records include accidental, alcohol, drowning, homicide, injuries, infanticide, medical conditions, natural causes (\"visitation by God\"), and suicide.","Documents commonly found in coroners' inquisitions include the inquisition, depositions, and summons. Some inquisitions contain other documents such as exhibits. Information found in the inquisition include the name of the coroner, the names of the jurors, the name and age of the deceased if known, gender and race of the deceased, and when, how, and by what means the deceased came to his or her death. If the coroner knew the deceased person to be Black or Multiracial, the inquest should identify the person individual's legal status (free or enslaved). If the coroner knew the deceased person to be enslaved, the inquest often includes their name, their enslaver and the enslaver's residence. Information found in the depositions include the name of the deponent(s) and their account of the circumstances that led to the death of the deceased.","Library of Virginia","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1792-1926"],"collection_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1792-1926"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"creator_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court records from Lancaster County in an undated accession. A portion of the records came in 2012 under the accession number 50291."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":[".23 cubic feet (1 box)"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries I: Coroners' Inquisitions, 1792-1926, chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the court.\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arrangedSeries I: Coroners' Inquisitions, 1792-1926, chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the court."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Record Type: \u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA carry over from the British system, the separate office of coroner appeared in Virginia about 1660. The judicial duty of the office was to hold inquisitions in cases when persons met a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious death, or death without medical attendance. The law did not encourage the Coroner to be a medical professional until the 20th century, and only stipulated that the local court be responsible for the appointment. Although not reliant on profession, this system of affluent white men making the decisions largely ensured that only other white men served in this position for much of its history\u003c/p\u003e\n\n","\u003cp\u003ePrior to the Civil War, the coroner would summon a jury of twelve white men, usually prominent citizens of that locality, to assist him in determining cause of death. The jury viewed the body of the deceased and heard the testimony of witnesses which did include both white and Black perspectives. This witness testimony was recorded and after seeing and hearing the evidence, and unlike other judicial proceedings, enslaved people could provide depositions in coroner's inquisitions, but still, an all-white jury delivered in writing to the coroner their conclusion concerning cause of death referred to as the inquisition. These causes of death would be determined by a white perspective and Black individuals were only consulted; they were never in a position to make decisions. After the Civil War, the process remained the same but the racial distinctions stipulating jury eligibility no longer remained. However, as appointments still continued and juror eligibility reserved for those \"entitled to vote and hold office,\" the authority and influence in the hands of white citizens remained throughout the late 19th and early 20th century.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1877, an act of the General Assembly changed the number of jurors to six, and by 1926, only the coroner determined cause of death but they could require physicians to assist them with determining cause of death. Then in 1946, the General Assembly abolished the Coroner's office/ office of Coroner's Physician altogether, appointed instead a Chief Medical Examiner, and by 1950 transitioned to a statewide Office of the Chief Medical Examiner which now lives within the Department of Health.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n","\u003cp\u003eIf a criminal act was determined to be the cause of death, the coroner delivered the guilty person to the sheriff and the inquests would be used as evidence in the criminal trial. In this case, coroner's inquisitions were filed with the trial papers. If there was not a trial, coroner's inquisitions were filed separately and are more likely to appear in this collection as a standalone set of documents.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History: \u003c/emph\u003e Lancaster County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties sometime between 26 March and 16 September 1651. The county court first met on 1 January 1652. The county seat is Lancaster.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Record Type:","A carry over from the British system, the separate office of coroner appeared in Virginia about 1660. The judicial duty of the office was to hold inquisitions in cases when persons met a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious death, or death without medical attendance. The law did not encourage the Coroner to be a medical professional until the 20th century, and only stipulated that the local court be responsible for the appointment. Although not reliant on profession, this system of affluent white men making the decisions largely ensured that only other white men served in this position for much of its history","Prior to the Civil War, the coroner would summon a jury of twelve white men, usually prominent citizens of that locality, to assist him in determining cause of death. The jury viewed the body of the deceased and heard the testimony of witnesses which did include both white and Black perspectives. This witness testimony was recorded and after seeing and hearing the evidence, and unlike other judicial proceedings, enslaved people could provide depositions in coroner's inquisitions, but still, an all-white jury delivered in writing to the coroner their conclusion concerning cause of death referred to as the inquisition. These causes of death would be determined by a white perspective and Black individuals were only consulted; they were never in a position to make decisions. After the Civil War, the process remained the same but the racial distinctions stipulating jury eligibility no longer remained. However, as appointments still continued and juror eligibility reserved for those \"entitled to vote and hold office,\" the authority and influence in the hands of white citizens remained throughout the late 19th and early 20th century.","In 1877, an act of the General Assembly changed the number of jurors to six, and by 1926, only the coroner determined cause of death but they could require physicians to assist them with determining cause of death. Then in 1946, the General Assembly abolished the Coroner's office/ office of Coroner's Physician altogether, appointed instead a Chief Medical Examiner, and by 1950 transitioned to a statewide Office of the Chief Medical Examiner which now lives within the Department of Health.","If a criminal act was determined to be the cause of death, the coroner delivered the guilty person to the sheriff and the inquests would be used as evidence in the criminal trial. In this case, coroner's inquisitions were filed with the trial papers. If there was not a trial, coroner's inquisitions were filed separately and are more likely to appear in this collection as a standalone set of documents.","Locality History:  Lancaster County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties sometime between 26 March and 16 September 1651. The county court first met on 1 January 1652. The county seat is Lancaster."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003e  Materials in the Library of Virginia's collections contain historical terms, phrases, and images that are offensive to modern readers. These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; religion; sex; and sexual orientation and gender identity.\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eCoroners' Inquisitions contain graphic and in some cases violent or otherwise disturbing descriptions of death.\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eLancaster County (Va) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1792-1926, contains investigations into the deaths of individuals who died by a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious manner, or died without medical attendance. Causes of death found in these records include accidental, alcohol, drowning, homicide, injuries, infanticide, medical conditions, natural causes (\"visitation by God\"), and suicide.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDocuments commonly found in coroners' inquisitions include the inquisition, depositions, and summons. Some inquisitions contain other documents such as exhibits. Information found in the inquisition include the name of the coroner, the names of the jurors, the name and age of the deceased if known, gender and race of the deceased, and when, how, and by what means the deceased came to his or her death. If the coroner knew the deceased person to be Black or Multiracial, the inquest should identify the person individual's legal status (free or enslaved). If the coroner knew the deceased person to be enslaved, the inquest often includes their name, their enslaver and the enslaver's residence. Information found in the depositions include the name of the deponent(s) and their account of the circumstances that led to the death of the deceased.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Materials in the Library of Virginia's collections contain historical terms, phrases, and images that are offensive to modern readers. These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; religion; sex; and sexual orientation and gender identity.","Coroners' Inquisitions contain graphic and in some cases violent or otherwise disturbing descriptions of death.","Lancaster County (Va) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1792-1926, contains investigations into the deaths of individuals who died by a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious manner, or died without medical attendance. Causes of death found in these records include accidental, alcohol, drowning, homicide, injuries, infanticide, medical conditions, natural causes (\"visitation by God\"), and suicide.","Documents commonly found in coroners' inquisitions include the inquisition, depositions, and summons. Some inquisitions contain other documents such as exhibits. Information found in the inquisition include the name of the coroner, the names of the jurors, the name and age of the deceased if known, gender and race of the deceased, and when, how, and by what means the deceased came to his or her death. If the coroner knew the deceased person to be Black or Multiracial, the inquest should identify the person individual's legal status (free or enslaved). If the coroner knew the deceased person to be enslaved, the inquest often includes their name, their enslaver and the enslaver's residence. Information found in the depositions include the name of the deponent(s) and their account of the circumstances that led to the death of the deceased."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e\n      "],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:11:51.555Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03398"}},{"id":"vi_vi02632","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Lancaster County (Va.) Criminal Court Records, circa 1787-1931","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02632#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Lancaster County (Va.) 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Peace warrants directing an offender to \"keep the peace of the Commonwealth\" or to restrain from any violent acts are commonly found in assault and battery cases.","Summonses were used to call a suspected person to appear in court. A summons could also be issued to direct witnesses or victims to come before the court in order to provide evidence or information deemed pertinent to a case.","An indictment is the official, written description of the crime that an accused individual is suspected of committing, which is approved by a grand jury and presented to a court in order to begin legal proceedings. Due to this process, indictments are often referred to as \"presentments.\"","Verdicts are the formal pronouncements made by juries on issues submitted to them by a judge or other law enforcement official. In the case of a guilty verdict, a judge will sentence the offender. Sentences may include a fine, corporal punishment, and/or imprisonment.\nCoroners also submitted verdicts such as \"death by suicide,\" \"death by natural causes,\" etc. when determining the cause of a suspicious or sudden death.","Library of Virginia","Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Criminal Court Records, circa 1787-1931"],"collection_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Criminal Court Records, circa 1787-1931"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1134605, 1134628, 1134634-1134639, 1134641, 1134643, 1134644, 1135003"],"unitid_tesim":["1134605, 1134628, 1134634-1134639, 1134641, 1134643, 1134644, 1135003"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"creator_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) 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Criminal offenders and victims who appear in cases prior to the abolition of slavery in Virginia in 1865 included both free and enslaved persons.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eWarrants were issued by grand juries, judges, and justices of the peace directing law enforcement officials to either arrest and imprison a person suspected of having committed a crime or to cause an individual to appear in court to answer accusations made against them. Peace warrants directing an offender to \"keep the peace of the Commonwealth\" or to restrain from any violent acts are commonly found in assault and battery cases.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSummonses were used to call a suspected person to appear in court. A summons could also be issued to direct witnesses or victims to come before the court in order to provide evidence or information deemed pertinent to a case.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eAn indictment is the official, written description of the crime that an accused individual is suspected of committing, which is approved by a grand jury and presented to a court in order to begin legal proceedings. Due to this process, indictments are often referred to as \"presentments.\"\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eVerdicts are the formal pronouncements made by juries on issues submitted to them by a judge or other law enforcement official. In the case of a guilty verdict, a judge will sentence the offender. Sentences may include a fine, corporal punishment, and/or imprisonment.\nCoroners also submitted verdicts such as \"death by suicide,\" \"death by natural causes,\" etc. when determining the cause of a suspicious or sudden death.   \n\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Criminal Court Records, circa 1787-1931 are criminal court cases and consist primarily of warrants, summons, indictments, and verdicts handed down by grand juries and other legal authorities in order to prosecute individuals who violated the penal code. These offenses ranged in severity from murder, rape, assault and battery, and larceny to tax evasion and slander. Criminal offenders and victims who appear in cases prior to the abolition of slavery in Virginia in 1865 included both free and enslaved persons.","Warrants were issued by grand juries, judges, and justices of the peace directing law enforcement officials to either arrest and imprison a person suspected of having committed a crime or to cause an individual to appear in court to answer accusations made against them. Peace warrants directing an offender to \"keep the peace of the Commonwealth\" or to restrain from any violent acts are commonly found in assault and battery cases.","Summonses were used to call a suspected person to appear in court. A summons could also be issued to direct witnesses or victims to come before the court in order to provide evidence or information deemed pertinent to a case.","An indictment is the official, written description of the crime that an accused individual is suspected of committing, which is approved by a grand jury and presented to a court in order to begin legal proceedings. Due to this process, indictments are often referred to as \"presentments.\"","Verdicts are the formal pronouncements made by juries on issues submitted to them by a judge or other law enforcement official. In the case of a guilty verdict, a judge will sentence the offender. Sentences may include a fine, corporal punishment, and/or imprisonment.\nCoroners also submitted verdicts such as \"death by suicide,\" \"death by natural causes,\" etc. when determining the cause of a suspicious or sudden death."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e\n      "],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia"],"corpname_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"names_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:10:48.498Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02632"}},{"id":"vi_vi02497","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Lancaster County (Va.) Deeds, 1656-1914 (bulk 1833-1898)","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02497#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02497#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eLancaster County (Va.) Deeds, 1656-1914 (bulk 1833-1898) consist of deeds of bargain and sale, deeds of gift, mortgages, and deeds of trust. On presentation to the court, deeds were proved and recorded. If the deed was not witnessed, the grantor acknowledged the deed in open court. A few of the deeds include plats. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02497#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi02497","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02497","_root_":"vi_vi02497","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02497","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi02497.xml","title_ssm":["Lancaster County (Va.) Deeds, 1656-1914 (bulk 1833-1898)"],"title_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Deeds, 1656-1914 (bulk 1833-1898)"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Lancaster County (Va.) Deeds, 1656-1914 (bulk 1833-1898)"],"text":["Lancaster County (Va.) Deeds, 1656-1914 (bulk 1833-1898)","1050428-1050430, 1050432-1050437, 1133884, 1133887-1133891, 1138007, 0007777090, and 0007777091","African Americans -- History","Land subdivision -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Slaveholders -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Slavery -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Slaves -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Deeds -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Land records -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Local government records -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Mortgage deeds -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","8.45 cu. ft. (19 boxes)","Chronological.","Lancaster County was named for the English county.  It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties in 1651.","Lancaster County (Va.) Deeds, 1656-1914 (bulk 1833-1898) consist of deeds of bargain and sale, deeds of gift, mortgages, and deeds of trust. On presentation to the court, deeds were proved and recorded. If the deed was not witnessed, the grantor acknowledged the deed in open court. A few of the deeds include plats.","Deeds of bargain and sale are the most commonly recorded deed in which one individual sells property, usually land, but occasionally personal property, to another individual. Such deeds show the names of the grantor and grantee, the residence of both parties, a description of what is being sold, the consideration (or price), the location of the tract of land, the tract's boundaries, and any limitations on the property being sold. The deed was signed by the grantor, and possibly his wife or anyone else having a claim to the property, and by at least two witnesses. Appended to the deed may be a memorandum of livery of seisin, stating that the property has changed hands and that peaceful possession has taken place.","Deeds of gift are often found transferring property, either real or personal, from one individual to another \"for love and affection.\" The degree of kinship, if any, between the grantor and grantee is sometimes stated.","Mortgages and deeds of trust were deeds where one party is indebted to another and transfers or mortgages property to a third party to secure the debt.","The collection may include additional record types that were recorded in deed books such as officials' bonds, fiduciary records, marriage records, road and bridge records, and bills of sale of property including slaves.","Barcode numbers 0007777090 and 0007777091 consists of deeds and bills of sale related to transactions of enslaved people.","Library of Virginia","Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Deeds, 1656-1914 (bulk 1833-1898)"],"collection_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Deeds, 1656-1914 (bulk 1833-1898)"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1050428-1050430, 1050432-1050437, 1133884, 1133887-1133891, 1138007, 0007777090, and 0007777091"],"unitid_tesim":["1050428-1050430, 1050432-1050437, 1133884, 1133887-1133891, 1138007, 0007777090, and 0007777091"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"creator_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"creators_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) 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A few of the deeds include plats. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eDeeds of bargain and sale are the most commonly recorded deed in which one individual sells property, usually land, but occasionally personal property, to another individual. Such deeds show the names of the grantor and grantee, the residence of both parties, a description of what is being sold, the consideration (or price), the location of the tract of land, the tract's boundaries, and any limitations on the property being sold. The deed was signed by the grantor, and possibly his wife or anyone else having a claim to the property, and by at least two witnesses. Appended to the deed may be a memorandum of livery of seisin, stating that the property has changed hands and that peaceful possession has taken place.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eDeeds of gift are often found transferring property, either real or personal, from one individual to another \"for love and affection.\" The degree of kinship, if any, between the grantor and grantee is sometimes stated.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eMortgages and deeds of trust were deeds where one party is indebted to another and transfers or mortgages property to a third party to secure the debt.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe collection may include additional record types that were recorded in deed books such as officials' bonds, fiduciary records, marriage records, road and bridge records, and bills of sale of property including slaves.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBarcode numbers 0007777090 and 0007777091 consists of deeds and bills of sale related to transactions of enslaved people.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Deeds, 1656-1914 (bulk 1833-1898) consist of deeds of bargain and sale, deeds of gift, mortgages, and deeds of trust. On presentation to the court, deeds were proved and recorded. If the deed was not witnessed, the grantor acknowledged the deed in open court. A few of the deeds include plats.","Deeds of bargain and sale are the most commonly recorded deed in which one individual sells property, usually land, but occasionally personal property, to another individual. Such deeds show the names of the grantor and grantee, the residence of both parties, a description of what is being sold, the consideration (or price), the location of the tract of land, the tract's boundaries, and any limitations on the property being sold. The deed was signed by the grantor, and possibly his wife or anyone else having a claim to the property, and by at least two witnesses. Appended to the deed may be a memorandum of livery of seisin, stating that the property has changed hands and that peaceful possession has taken place.","Deeds of gift are often found transferring property, either real or personal, from one individual to another \"for love and affection.\" The degree of kinship, if any, between the grantor and grantee is sometimes stated.","Mortgages and deeds of trust were deeds where one party is indebted to another and transfers or mortgages property to a third party to secure the debt.","The collection may include additional record types that were recorded in deed books such as officials' bonds, fiduciary records, marriage records, road and bridge records, and bills of sale of property including slaves.","Barcode numbers 0007777090 and 0007777091 consists of deeds and bills of sale related to transactions of enslaved people."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e\n      "],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia"],"corpname_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) 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Deeds, 1656-1914 (bulk 1833-1898)","1050428-1050430, 1050432-1050437, 1133884, 1133887-1133891, 1138007, 0007777090, and 0007777091","African Americans -- History","Land subdivision -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Slaveholders -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Slavery -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Slaves -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Deeds -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Land records -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Local government records -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Mortgage deeds -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","8.45 cu. ft. (19 boxes)","Chronological.","Lancaster County was named for the English county.  It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties in 1651.","Lancaster County (Va.) Deeds, 1656-1914 (bulk 1833-1898) consist of deeds of bargain and sale, deeds of gift, mortgages, and deeds of trust. On presentation to the court, deeds were proved and recorded. If the deed was not witnessed, the grantor acknowledged the deed in open court. A few of the deeds include plats.","Deeds of bargain and sale are the most commonly recorded deed in which one individual sells property, usually land, but occasionally personal property, to another individual. Such deeds show the names of the grantor and grantee, the residence of both parties, a description of what is being sold, the consideration (or price), the location of the tract of land, the tract's boundaries, and any limitations on the property being sold. The deed was signed by the grantor, and possibly his wife or anyone else having a claim to the property, and by at least two witnesses. Appended to the deed may be a memorandum of livery of seisin, stating that the property has changed hands and that peaceful possession has taken place.","Deeds of gift are often found transferring property, either real or personal, from one individual to another \"for love and affection.\" The degree of kinship, if any, between the grantor and grantee is sometimes stated.","Mortgages and deeds of trust were deeds where one party is indebted to another and transfers or mortgages property to a third party to secure the debt.","The collection may include additional record types that were recorded in deed books such as officials' bonds, fiduciary records, marriage records, road and bridge records, and bills of sale of property including slaves.","Barcode numbers 0007777090 and 0007777091 consists of deeds and bills of sale related to transactions of enslaved people.","Library of Virginia","Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Deeds, 1656-1914 (bulk 1833-1898)"],"collection_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Deeds, 1656-1914 (bulk 1833-1898)"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1050428-1050430, 1050432-1050437, 1133884, 1133887-1133891, 1138007, 0007777090, and 0007777091"],"unitid_tesim":["1050428-1050430, 1050432-1050437, 1133884, 1133887-1133891, 1138007, 0007777090, and 0007777091"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"creator_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"creators_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) 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A few of the deeds include plats. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eDeeds of bargain and sale are the most commonly recorded deed in which one individual sells property, usually land, but occasionally personal property, to another individual. Such deeds show the names of the grantor and grantee, the residence of both parties, a description of what is being sold, the consideration (or price), the location of the tract of land, the tract's boundaries, and any limitations on the property being sold. The deed was signed by the grantor, and possibly his wife or anyone else having a claim to the property, and by at least two witnesses. Appended to the deed may be a memorandum of livery of seisin, stating that the property has changed hands and that peaceful possession has taken place.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eDeeds of gift are often found transferring property, either real or personal, from one individual to another \"for love and affection.\" The degree of kinship, if any, between the grantor and grantee is sometimes stated.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eMortgages and deeds of trust were deeds where one party is indebted to another and transfers or mortgages property to a third party to secure the debt.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe collection may include additional record types that were recorded in deed books such as officials' bonds, fiduciary records, marriage records, road and bridge records, and bills of sale of property including slaves.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBarcode numbers 0007777090 and 0007777091 consists of deeds and bills of sale related to transactions of enslaved people.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Deeds, 1656-1914 (bulk 1833-1898) consist of deeds of bargain and sale, deeds of gift, mortgages, and deeds of trust. On presentation to the court, deeds were proved and recorded. If the deed was not witnessed, the grantor acknowledged the deed in open court. A few of the deeds include plats.","Deeds of bargain and sale are the most commonly recorded deed in which one individual sells property, usually land, but occasionally personal property, to another individual. Such deeds show the names of the grantor and grantee, the residence of both parties, a description of what is being sold, the consideration (or price), the location of the tract of land, the tract's boundaries, and any limitations on the property being sold. The deed was signed by the grantor, and possibly his wife or anyone else having a claim to the property, and by at least two witnesses. Appended to the deed may be a memorandum of livery of seisin, stating that the property has changed hands and that peaceful possession has taken place.","Deeds of gift are often found transferring property, either real or personal, from one individual to another \"for love and affection.\" The degree of kinship, if any, between the grantor and grantee is sometimes stated.","Mortgages and deeds of trust were deeds where one party is indebted to another and transfers or mortgages property to a third party to secure the debt.","The collection may include additional record types that were recorded in deed books such as officials' bonds, fiduciary records, marriage records, road and bridge records, and bills of sale of property including slaves.","Barcode numbers 0007777090 and 0007777091 consists of deeds and bills of sale related to transactions of enslaved people."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e\n      "],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia"],"corpname_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) 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These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; religion; sex; and sexual orientation and gender identity.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi00792#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi00792","ead_ssi":"vi_vi00792","_root_":"vi_vi00792","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi00792","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi00792.xml","title_ssm":["Lancaster County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), 1818"],"title_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), 1818"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Lancaster County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), 1818"],"text":["Lancaster County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), 1818","0007711550",".10 cu. ft.","Lancaster County was named probably for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties sometime between 26 March and 16 September 1651. The county court first met on 1 January 1652. The county seat is Lancaster.","Enslaved people sued for emancipation in freedom suits based on the following: they were descendant(s) of a free female ancestor, typically a Native American (Hening Statutes, volume 2, p.170); failure of enslaver(s) to abide by the 1778 \"slave nonimportation act\" (Henings Statutes, volume 9, pp. 471-472); or claimed to have been freed by enslaver(s) by deed of emancipation or last will and testament (Henings Statutes volume 11, pp. 39-40)","Materials in the Library of Virginia’s collections contain historical terms, phrases, and images that are offensive to modern readers. These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; religion; sex; and sexual orientation and gender identity.","Lancaster County (Va.) County Judgments (Freedom Suits), 1818, consist of one suit: Billy and others versus Ezekiel G. Shearman. Suits initiated by enslaved people seeking to gain their freedom on the law side of the court. Cases are identified by style of suit consisting of plaintiff and defendant names. Surnames of others involved in a suit, including secondary plaintiffs and defendants, witnesses, deponents and affiants, and family members with surnames different from the plaintiff or defendant are indexed. Also identified are names of enslaved and enslavers found in suit as well as whether enslaved won their freedom. Predominant documents found in freedom suits include petitions, records of suits, depositions, affidavits, wills, among other items. Information found in documents include enslaved's argument for freedom, acquisition of enslaved people by enslavers, ancestry of enslaved people, and relationship between enslaved and enslavers.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) 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The county seat is Lancaster.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEnslaved people sued for emancipation in freedom suits based on the following: they were descendant(s) of a free female ancestor, typically a Native American (Hening Statutes, volume 2, p.170); failure of enslaver(s) to abide by the 1778 \"slave nonimportation act\" (Henings Statutes, volume 9, pp. 471-472); or claimed to have been freed by enslaver(s) by deed of emancipation or last will and testament (Henings Statutes volume 11, pp. 39-40)\n\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Lancaster County was named probably for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties sometime between 26 March and 16 September 1651. The county court first met on 1 January 1652. 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