{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Kurt+A+Sanftleben%2C+LLC","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Kurt+A+Sanftleben%2C+LLC\u0026page=1"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":5,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1680","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"1st Massachusetts Cavalry detachment invoice","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1680#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Kurt A Sanftleben, LLC","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1680#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains an invoice detailing the issue of new uniforms and blankets to a detachment from the 1st Massachusetts Cavalry made at Hagerstown, Maryland during the month of November 1862 following the unit's skirmishes in the Shenandoah with Confederates at Snicker's Gap, Markham Station, and Manassas Gap.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1680#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1680","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1680","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1680","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1680","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1680.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/196862","title_filing_ssi":"1st Massachusetts Cavalry detachment invoice","title_ssm":["1st Massachusetts Cavalry detachment invoice"],"title_tesim":["1st Massachusetts Cavalry detachment invoice"],"unitdate_ssm":["1862"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1862"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16852","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1680"],"text":["MSS 16852","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1680","1st Massachusetts Cavalry detachment invoice","United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Receipts","good","This collection is minimally processed and open for research.","The  1st Massachusetts Cavalry Regiment  was organized at  Camp Brigham  in  Readville, Massachusetts  on September 3, 1861, under the command of Colonel Robert Williams. 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As a result of Stoneman's efforts, Confederate  General Thomas \"Stonewall\" Jackson  could not be redirected to Richmond, where more capable doctors could tend to his wounds after he was struck on May 4th. Jackson died at Guinea Station on May 10th. In December 1863, four new companies (I, K, L, and M) were added to the regiment. They continued to serve in various capacities, including provost marshal duties and headquarters assignments within the Army of the Potomac. 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The regiment participated in General George Stoneman's destruction of vital Confederate railroads that were used to access Richmond for food supplies and arms. As a result of Stoneman's efforts, Confederate \u003cpersname\u003eGeneral Thomas \"Stonewall\" Jackson\u003c/persname\u003e could not be redirected to Richmond, where more capable doctors could tend to his wounds after he was struck on May 4th. Jackson died at Guinea Station on May 10th. In December 1863, four new companies (I, K, L, and M) were added to the regiment. They continued to serve in various capacities, including provost marshal duties and headquarters assignments within the Army of the Potomac. 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The 1st fought at the First Battle of Pocotaligo (October 22, 1862), the Battle of Antietam (September 17, 1862), the Battle of Fredericksburg (December 11-15, 1862), the Battle of Gettysburg (July 1-3, 1863), the Battle of the Wilderness (May 5-7, 1864), the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House (May 8-21, 1864), and the Siege of Petersburg (June 1864-April 1865). Perhaps the 1st Massachusetts's most successful campaign came at the Battle of Chancellorsville (April 30-May 6, 1863). The regiment participated in General George Stoneman's destruction of vital Confederate railroads that were used to access Richmond for food supplies and arms. As a result of Stoneman's efforts, Confederate  General Thomas \"Stonewall\" Jackson  could not be redirected to Richmond, where more capable doctors could tend to his wounds after he was struck on May 4th. Jackson died at Guinea Station on May 10th. In December 1863, four new companies (I, K, L, and M) were added to the regiment. They continued to serve in various capacities, including provost marshal duties and headquarters assignments within the Army of the Potomac. The regiment was mustered out of service on June 29, 1865, and discharged at Readville on July 24, 1865."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16852, 1st Massachusetts Cavalry detachment invoice, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16852, 1st Massachusetts Cavalry detachment invoice, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains an invoice detailing the issue of new uniforms and blankets to a detachment from the 1st Massachusetts Cavalry made at Hagerstown, Maryland during the month of November 1862 following the unit's skirmishes in the Shenandoah with Confederates at Snicker's Gap, Markham Station, and Manassas Gap.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains an invoice detailing the issue of new uniforms and blankets to a detachment from the 1st Massachusetts Cavalry made at Hagerstown, Maryland during the month of November 1862 following the unit's skirmishes in the Shenandoah with Confederates at Snicker's Gap, Markham Station, and Manassas Gap."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Library believes that all or nearly all material in this collection is likely to be in the public domain, free of copyright restrictions. 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As a result of Stoneman's efforts, Confederate  General Thomas \"Stonewall\" Jackson  could not be redirected to Richmond, where more capable doctors could tend to his wounds after he was struck on May 4th. Jackson died at Guinea Station on May 10th. In December 1863, four new companies (I, K, L, and M) were added to the regiment. They continued to serve in various capacities, including provost marshal duties and headquarters assignments within the Army of the Potomac. 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The regiment participated in General George Stoneman's destruction of vital Confederate railroads that were used to access Richmond for food supplies and arms. As a result of Stoneman's efforts, Confederate \u003cpersname\u003eGeneral Thomas \"Stonewall\" Jackson\u003c/persname\u003e could not be redirected to Richmond, where more capable doctors could tend to his wounds after he was struck on May 4th. Jackson died at Guinea Station on May 10th. In December 1863, four new companies (I, K, L, and M) were added to the regiment. They continued to serve in various capacities, including provost marshal duties and headquarters assignments within the Army of the Potomac. 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The 1st fought at the First Battle of Pocotaligo (October 22, 1862), the Battle of Antietam (September 17, 1862), the Battle of Fredericksburg (December 11-15, 1862), the Battle of Gettysburg (July 1-3, 1863), the Battle of the Wilderness (May 5-7, 1864), the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House (May 8-21, 1864), and the Siege of Petersburg (June 1864-April 1865). Perhaps the 1st Massachusetts's most successful campaign came at the Battle of Chancellorsville (April 30-May 6, 1863). The regiment participated in General George Stoneman's destruction of vital Confederate railroads that were used to access Richmond for food supplies and arms. As a result of Stoneman's efforts, Confederate  General Thomas \"Stonewall\" Jackson  could not be redirected to Richmond, where more capable doctors could tend to his wounds after he was struck on May 4th. Jackson died at Guinea Station on May 10th. In December 1863, four new companies (I, K, L, and M) were added to the regiment. They continued to serve in various capacities, including provost marshal duties and headquarters assignments within the Army of the Potomac. The regiment was mustered out of service on June 29, 1865, and discharged at Readville on July 24, 1865."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16852, 1st Massachusetts Cavalry detachment invoice, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16852, 1st Massachusetts Cavalry detachment invoice, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains an invoice detailing the issue of new uniforms and blankets to a detachment from the 1st Massachusetts Cavalry made at Hagerstown, Maryland during the month of November 1862 following the unit's skirmishes in the Shenandoah with Confederates at Snicker's Gap, Markham Station, and Manassas Gap.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains an invoice detailing the issue of new uniforms and blankets to a detachment from the 1st Massachusetts Cavalry made at Hagerstown, Maryland during the month of November 1862 following the unit's skirmishes in the Shenandoah with Confederates at Snicker's Gap, Markham Station, and Manassas Gap."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Library believes that all or nearly all material in this collection is likely to be in the public domain, free of copyright restrictions. 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Their passage was on a blockade runner that failed as they could not pass through the Union ships. The back of the letter contains short notes from each of the children addressed to their father.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1681#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1681","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1681","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1681","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1681","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1681.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/196863","title_filing_ssi":"Blockade Civil War letter from wife Isabella and her children, Jumain, Miriam, and Rosa to her husband in Cuba","title_ssm":["Blockade Civil War letter from wife Isabella and her children, Jumain, Miriam, and Rosa to her husband in Cuba"],"title_tesim":["Blockade Civil War letter from wife Isabella and her children, Jumain, Miriam, and Rosa to her husband in Cuba"],"unitdate_ssm":["March 7, 1865"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["March 7, 1865"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16853","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1681"],"text":["MSS 16853","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1681","Blockade Civil War letter from wife Isabella and her children, Jumain, Miriam, and Rosa to her husband in Cuba","United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives","Correspondence","The collection is open for research use.","Military, Blockade, and Civil War maritime letter from Galveston, Texas from a wife and mother named Isabella and her daughters to her unnamed husband with a description of their travel on a blockade ship to see their him in Havana, Cuba dated March 7, 1865.","Once Wilmington, North Carolina fell to the Union Army, Galveston, Texas was the only port open to blockade runners, and it became busier than at any previous time during the war. This letter would have been carried by one of these ships. ","The passage would have been expensive (over $3500 in today's money). Few firsthand written accounts such as this one, particularly from females, exist from this time.","Source:\nDealer: Kurt A. Sanftleben","For more information:\nGlover, Robert W. \"The West Gulf Blockade, 1861-1865: An Evaluation,\" Benton, Texas. May 1974.\nhttps://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500924/","\nCampbell, Thomas, R. \"Last of the Gray Phantoms: The Confederate Blockade Runners\"\nhttps://warfarehistorynetwork.com/article/last-of-the-gray-phantoms-the-confederate-blockade-runners/","\n\"The Capture of the S. S. Salvor\" Accessed 8/26/24\nhttps://www.tampapix.com/salvor.htm","Block, W. T. \"Sabine Pass and Galveston were Successsful Blockade-Running Ports\"  Beaumont Enterprises. 5 February 1984\nhttp://www.wtblock.com/blockade.htm","This collection contains a rare letter written by a woman named Isabella, and her children, Jumain, Miriam, and Rosa, to her unnamed husband describing their attempts to sail from Galveston, Texas, to join him in Havana, Cuba. Their passage was on a blockade runner that failed as they could not pass through the Union ships. The back of the letter contains short notes from each of the children addressed to their father.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Kurt A Sanftleben, LLC","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16853","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1681"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Blockade Civil War letter from wife Isabella and her children, Jumain, Miriam, and Rosa to her husband in Cuba"],"collection_title_tesim":["Blockade Civil War letter from wife Isabella and her children, Jumain, Miriam, and Rosa to her husband in Cuba"],"collection_ssim":["Blockade Civil War letter from wife Isabella and her children, Jumain, Miriam, and Rosa to her husband in Cuba"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives"],"geogname_ssim":["United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives"],"creator_ssm":["Kurt A Sanftleben, LLC"],"creator_ssim":["Kurt A Sanftleben, LLC"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Kurt A Sanftleben, LLC"],"creators_ssim":["Kurt A Sanftleben, LLC"],"places_ssim":["United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".03 Cubic Feet 1 letter folder"],"extent_tesim":[".03 Cubic Feet 1 letter folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1865],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMilitary, Blockade, and Civil War maritime letter from Galveston, Texas from a wife and mother named Isabella and her daughters to her unnamed husband with a description of their travel on a blockade ship to see their him in Havana, Cuba dated March 7, 1865.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOnce Wilmington, North Carolina fell to the Union Army, Galveston, Texas was the only port open to blockade runners, and it became busier than at any previous time during the war. This letter would have been carried by one of these ships. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe passage would have been expensive (over $3500 in today's money). Few firsthand written accounts such as this one, particularly from females, exist from this time.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSource:\nDealer: Kurt A. Sanftleben\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor more information:\nGlover, Robert W. \"The West Gulf Blockade, 1861-1865: An Evaluation,\" Benton, Texas. May 1974.\nhttps://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500924/\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nCampbell, Thomas, R. \"Last of the Gray Phantoms: The Confederate Blockade Runners\"\nhttps://warfarehistorynetwork.com/article/last-of-the-gray-phantoms-the-confederate-blockade-runners/\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n\"The Capture of the S. S. Salvor\" Accessed 8/26/24\nhttps://www.tampapix.com/salvor.htm\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBlock, W. T. \"Sabine Pass and Galveston were Successsful Blockade-Running Ports\"  Beaumont Enterprises. 5 February 1984\nhttp://www.wtblock.com/blockade.htm\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Military, Blockade, and Civil War maritime letter from Galveston, Texas from a wife and mother named Isabella and her daughters to her unnamed husband with a description of their travel on a blockade ship to see their him in Havana, Cuba dated March 7, 1865.","Once Wilmington, North Carolina fell to the Union Army, Galveston, Texas was the only port open to blockade runners, and it became busier than at any previous time during the war. This letter would have been carried by one of these ships. ","The passage would have been expensive (over $3500 in today's money). Few firsthand written accounts such as this one, particularly from females, exist from this time.","Source:\nDealer: Kurt A. Sanftleben","For more information:\nGlover, Robert W. \"The West Gulf Blockade, 1861-1865: An Evaluation,\" Benton, Texas. May 1974.\nhttps://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500924/","\nCampbell, Thomas, R. \"Last of the Gray Phantoms: The Confederate Blockade Runners\"\nhttps://warfarehistorynetwork.com/article/last-of-the-gray-phantoms-the-confederate-blockade-runners/","\n\"The Capture of the S. S. Salvor\" Accessed 8/26/24\nhttps://www.tampapix.com/salvor.htm","Block, W. T. \"Sabine Pass and Galveston were Successsful Blockade-Running Ports\"  Beaumont Enterprises. 5 February 1984\nhttp://www.wtblock.com/blockade.htm"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16853, Blockade Civil War letter from wife Isabella and her children, Jumain, Miriam, and Rosa to her husband in Cuba, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16853, Blockade Civil War letter from wife Isabella and her children, Jumain, Miriam, and Rosa to her husband in Cuba, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a rare letter written by a woman named Isabella, and her children, Jumain, Miriam, and Rosa, to her unnamed husband describing their attempts to sail from Galveston, Texas, to join him in Havana, Cuba. Their passage was on a blockade runner that failed as they could not pass through the Union ships. The back of the letter contains short notes from each of the children addressed to their father.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains a rare letter written by a woman named Isabella, and her children, Jumain, Miriam, and Rosa, to her unnamed husband describing their attempts to sail from Galveston, Texas, to join him in Havana, Cuba. Their passage was on a blockade runner that failed as they could not pass through the Union ships. The back of the letter contains short notes from each of the children addressed to their father."],"names_coll_ssim":["Kurt A Sanftleben, LLC"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Kurt A Sanftleben, LLC"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Kurt A Sanftleben, LLC"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:36:10.408Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1681","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1681","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1681","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1681","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1681.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/196863","title_filing_ssi":"Blockade Civil War letter from wife Isabella and her children, Jumain, Miriam, and Rosa to her husband in Cuba","title_ssm":["Blockade Civil War letter from wife Isabella and her children, Jumain, Miriam, and Rosa to her husband in Cuba"],"title_tesim":["Blockade Civil War letter from wife Isabella and her children, Jumain, Miriam, and Rosa to her husband in Cuba"],"unitdate_ssm":["March 7, 1865"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["March 7, 1865"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16853","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1681"],"text":["MSS 16853","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1681","Blockade Civil War letter from wife Isabella and her children, Jumain, Miriam, and Rosa to her husband in Cuba","United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives","Correspondence","The collection is open for research use.","Military, Blockade, and Civil War maritime letter from Galveston, Texas from a wife and mother named Isabella and her daughters to her unnamed husband with a description of their travel on a blockade ship to see their him in Havana, Cuba dated March 7, 1865.","Once Wilmington, North Carolina fell to the Union Army, Galveston, Texas was the only port open to blockade runners, and it became busier than at any previous time during the war. This letter would have been carried by one of these ships. ","The passage would have been expensive (over $3500 in today's money). Few firsthand written accounts such as this one, particularly from females, exist from this time.","Source:\nDealer: Kurt A. Sanftleben","For more information:\nGlover, Robert W. \"The West Gulf Blockade, 1861-1865: An Evaluation,\" Benton, Texas. May 1974.\nhttps://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500924/","\nCampbell, Thomas, R. \"Last of the Gray Phantoms: The Confederate Blockade Runners\"\nhttps://warfarehistorynetwork.com/article/last-of-the-gray-phantoms-the-confederate-blockade-runners/","\n\"The Capture of the S. S. Salvor\" Accessed 8/26/24\nhttps://www.tampapix.com/salvor.htm","Block, W. T. \"Sabine Pass and Galveston were Successsful Blockade-Running Ports\"  Beaumont Enterprises. 5 February 1984\nhttp://www.wtblock.com/blockade.htm","This collection contains a rare letter written by a woman named Isabella, and her children, Jumain, Miriam, and Rosa, to her unnamed husband describing their attempts to sail from Galveston, Texas, to join him in Havana, Cuba. Their passage was on a blockade runner that failed as they could not pass through the Union ships. 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This letter would have been carried by one of these ships. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe passage would have been expensive (over $3500 in today's money). Few firsthand written accounts such as this one, particularly from females, exist from this time.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSource:\nDealer: Kurt A. Sanftleben\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor more information:\nGlover, Robert W. \"The West Gulf Blockade, 1861-1865: An Evaluation,\" Benton, Texas. May 1974.\nhttps://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500924/\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nCampbell, Thomas, R. \"Last of the Gray Phantoms: The Confederate Blockade Runners\"\nhttps://warfarehistorynetwork.com/article/last-of-the-gray-phantoms-the-confederate-blockade-runners/\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n\"The Capture of the S. S. Salvor\" Accessed 8/26/24\nhttps://www.tampapix.com/salvor.htm\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBlock, W. T. \"Sabine Pass and Galveston were Successsful Blockade-Running Ports\"  Beaumont Enterprises. 5 February 1984\nhttp://www.wtblock.com/blockade.htm\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Military, Blockade, and Civil War maritime letter from Galveston, Texas from a wife and mother named Isabella and her daughters to her unnamed husband with a description of their travel on a blockade ship to see their him in Havana, Cuba dated March 7, 1865.","Once Wilmington, North Carolina fell to the Union Army, Galveston, Texas was the only port open to blockade runners, and it became busier than at any previous time during the war. This letter would have been carried by one of these ships. ","The passage would have been expensive (over $3500 in today's money). Few firsthand written accounts such as this one, particularly from females, exist from this time.","Source:\nDealer: Kurt A. Sanftleben","For more information:\nGlover, Robert W. \"The West Gulf Blockade, 1861-1865: An Evaluation,\" Benton, Texas. May 1974.\nhttps://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500924/","\nCampbell, Thomas, R. \"Last of the Gray Phantoms: The Confederate Blockade Runners\"\nhttps://warfarehistorynetwork.com/article/last-of-the-gray-phantoms-the-confederate-blockade-runners/","\n\"The Capture of the S. S. Salvor\" Accessed 8/26/24\nhttps://www.tampapix.com/salvor.htm","Block, W. T. \"Sabine Pass and Galveston were Successsful Blockade-Running Ports\"  Beaumont Enterprises. 5 February 1984\nhttp://www.wtblock.com/blockade.htm"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16853, Blockade Civil War letter from wife Isabella and her children, Jumain, Miriam, and Rosa to her husband in Cuba, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16853, Blockade Civil War letter from wife Isabella and her children, Jumain, Miriam, and Rosa to her husband in Cuba, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a rare letter written by a woman named Isabella, and her children, Jumain, Miriam, and Rosa, to her unnamed husband describing their attempts to sail from Galveston, Texas, to join him in Havana, Cuba. Their passage was on a blockade runner that failed as they could not pass through the Union ships. The back of the letter contains short notes from each of the children addressed to their father.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains a rare letter written by a woman named Isabella, and her children, Jumain, Miriam, and Rosa, to her unnamed husband describing their attempts to sail from Galveston, Texas, to join him in Havana, Cuba. Their passage was on a blockade runner that failed as they could not pass through the Union ships. The back of the letter contains short notes from each of the children addressed to their father."],"names_coll_ssim":["Kurt A Sanftleben, LLC"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Kurt A Sanftleben, LLC"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Kurt A Sanftleben, LLC"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:36:10.408Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1681"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1679","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Caroline Victoria Ozias letter","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1679#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Kurt A Sanftleben, LLC","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1679#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a letter from Caroline 'Carrie' Victoria Ozias of Iowa to Sarah \"Sallie\" Rachel McQuiston from Ohio. Ozias gives an account of the significant military activities happening around her. She describes Confederate prisoners, and details the United States Colored Troops who were guarding them. She also writes about Camp McClellan, where nearly three hundred Dakota or Lakota members were imprisoned. She reports on the riots who are resisting the draft as well as raids and a political rally at Rock Island City\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1679#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1679","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1679","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1679","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1679","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1679.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/196861","title_filing_ssi":"Ozias, Caroline Victoria letter","title_ssm":["Caroline Victoria Ozias letter"],"title_tesim":["Caroline Victoria Ozias letter"],"unitdate_ssm":["October 20, 1864"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["October 20, 1864"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16851","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1679"],"text":["MSS 16851","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1679","Caroline Victoria Ozias letter","United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American","Prisoners of war -- United States","Dakota: The word Dakota means \"ally or friend\" in the Dakota language, and their autonyms include Ikčé Wičhášta (\"Indian people\") and Dakhóta Oyáte (\"Dakota people\").","Camp McClellan was a former Union army camp and hospital in Iowa that was established in Davenport in August 1861 after the outbreak of the American Civil War. In 1863 it became a prison camp called Camp Kearney where members of the Dakota tribe were interred. The camp was decommissioned after the release of the prisoners in 1866.","The propery was directly across the Mississippi River from the Rock Island Arsenal, and held Confederate soldiers and Dakota people.The government imprisoned 277 members of the Dakota tribe. A wall was built in December 1863 along the western road through the camp so as to separate the Dakota from recruits. Conditions in the prison became unsanitary. Local citizens were hostile that the Dakotas were in their vicinity. Later President Andrew Johnson released those being held prisoner to a reservation in Santee, Nebraska. Others died there and were buried in unmarked graves. In 1986 some of the remains were given to the Dakota tribe at Morton, Minnesota for burial. In 2005, the Dakota held a memorial ceremony on the former site of Camp Kearney.","African Americans:\nDuring the Civil War, Iowa, a free state, played a significant role in the Union cause, and African Americans in Iowa actively participated in the war effort, both as soldiers and as supporters of the Union cause. While Iowa had a relatively small African American population (around 1,000 in 1860), they were vital to the state's war efforts.","Iowa's 1st Infantry Regiment (African Descent), later designated as the 60th United States Colored Infantry Regiment, was organized at Keokuk, Iowa and was a significant part of the Union effort.","Camp McClellan played a pivotal role in the fight for African American civil rights in Iowa and became a symbol of the struggle for equality. \nThe internment of Dakota people at Camp McClellan highlighted the harsh realities of the Dakota War and the government's treatment of Native Americans.","Sources:\n\"Camp McClellan (Iowa)\" Wikipedia. Accessed 6/11/25\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camp_McClellan_(Iowa)","https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-1-d\u0026channel=entpr\u0026q=african+americans+in+Iowa+during+civil+war","https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-1-d\u0026channel=entpr\u0026q=camp+mccellan+iowa+and+african+americans","Content Warning:This collection contains racial imagery typical for the time that contemporary viewers may find offensive.There may be references or imagery involving racism. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","This collection contains a letter from Caroline 'Carrie' Victoria Ozias of Iowa to Sarah \"Sallie\" Rachel McQuiston from Ohio. Ozias gives an account of the significant military activities happening around her. She describes Confederate prisoners, and details the United States Colored Troops who were guarding them. She also writes about Camp McClellan, where nearly three hundred Dakota or Lakota members were imprisoned. She reports on the riots who are resisting the draft as well as raids and a political rally at Rock Island City","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Kurt A Sanftleben, LLC","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16851","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1679"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Caroline Victoria Ozias letter"],"collection_title_tesim":["Caroline Victoria Ozias letter"],"collection_ssim":["Caroline Victoria Ozias letter"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American"],"geogname_ssim":["United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American"],"creator_ssm":["Kurt A Sanftleben, LLC"],"creator_ssim":["Kurt A Sanftleben, LLC"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Kurt A Sanftleben, LLC"],"creators_ssim":["Kurt A Sanftleben, LLC"],"places_ssim":["United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a purchase from Kurt Sanftleben LCC, to the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on24 May 2024."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Prisoners of war -- United States"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Prisoners of war -- United States"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".03 Cubic Feet 1 letter folder"],"extent_tesim":[".03 Cubic Feet 1 letter folder"],"date_range_isim":[1864],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDakota: The word Dakota means \"ally or friend\" in the Dakota language, and their autonyms include Ikčé Wičhášta (\"Indian people\") and Dakhóta Oyáte (\"Dakota people\").\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCamp McClellan was a former Union army camp and hospital in Iowa that was established in Davenport in August 1861 after the outbreak of the American Civil War. In 1863 it became a prison camp called Camp Kearney where members of the Dakota tribe were interred. The camp was decommissioned after the release of the prisoners in 1866.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe propery was directly across the Mississippi River from the Rock Island Arsenal, and held Confederate soldiers and Dakota people.The government imprisoned 277 members of the Dakota tribe. A wall was built in December 1863 along the western road through the camp so as to separate the Dakota from recruits. Conditions in the prison became unsanitary. Local citizens were hostile that the Dakotas were in their vicinity. Later President Andrew Johnson released those being held prisoner to a reservation in Santee, Nebraska. Others died there and were buried in unmarked graves. In 1986 some of the remains were given to the Dakota tribe at Morton, Minnesota for burial. In 2005, the Dakota held a memorial ceremony on the former site of Camp Kearney.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfrican Americans:\nDuring the Civil War, Iowa, a free state, played a significant role in the Union cause, and African Americans in Iowa actively participated in the war effort, both as soldiers and as supporters of the Union cause. While Iowa had a relatively small African American population (around 1,000 in 1860), they were vital to the state's war efforts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIowa's 1st Infantry Regiment (African Descent), later designated as the 60th United States Colored Infantry Regiment, was organized at Keokuk, Iowa and was a significant part of the Union effort.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCamp McClellan played a pivotal role in the fight for African American civil rights in Iowa and became a symbol of the struggle for equality. \nThe internment of Dakota people at Camp McClellan highlighted the harsh realities of the Dakota War and the government's treatment of Native Americans.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources:\n\"Camp McClellan (Iowa)\" Wikipedia. Accessed 6/11/25\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camp_McClellan_(Iowa)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ehttps://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-1-d\u0026amp;channel=entpr\u0026amp;q=african+americans+in+Iowa+during+civil+war\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ehttps://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-1-d\u0026amp;channel=entpr\u0026amp;q=camp+mccellan+iowa+and+african+americans\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Dakota: The word Dakota means \"ally or friend\" in the Dakota language, and their autonyms include Ikčé Wičhášta (\"Indian people\") and Dakhóta Oyáte (\"Dakota people\").","Camp McClellan was a former Union army camp and hospital in Iowa that was established in Davenport in August 1861 after the outbreak of the American Civil War. In 1863 it became a prison camp called Camp Kearney where members of the Dakota tribe were interred. The camp was decommissioned after the release of the prisoners in 1866.","The propery was directly across the Mississippi River from the Rock Island Arsenal, and held Confederate soldiers and Dakota people.The government imprisoned 277 members of the Dakota tribe. A wall was built in December 1863 along the western road through the camp so as to separate the Dakota from recruits. Conditions in the prison became unsanitary. Local citizens were hostile that the Dakotas were in their vicinity. Later President Andrew Johnson released those being held prisoner to a reservation in Santee, Nebraska. Others died there and were buried in unmarked graves. In 1986 some of the remains were given to the Dakota tribe at Morton, Minnesota for burial. In 2005, the Dakota held a memorial ceremony on the former site of Camp Kearney.","African Americans:\nDuring the Civil War, Iowa, a free state, played a significant role in the Union cause, and African Americans in Iowa actively participated in the war effort, both as soldiers and as supporters of the Union cause. While Iowa had a relatively small African American population (around 1,000 in 1860), they were vital to the state's war efforts.","Iowa's 1st Infantry Regiment (African Descent), later designated as the 60th United States Colored Infantry Regiment, was organized at Keokuk, Iowa and was a significant part of the Union effort.","Camp McClellan played a pivotal role in the fight for African American civil rights in Iowa and became a symbol of the struggle for equality. \nThe internment of Dakota people at Camp McClellan highlighted the harsh realities of the Dakota War and the government's treatment of Native Americans.","Sources:\n\"Camp McClellan (Iowa)\" Wikipedia. Accessed 6/11/25\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camp_McClellan_(Iowa)","https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-1-d\u0026channel=entpr\u0026q=african+americans+in+Iowa+during+civil+war","https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-1-d\u0026channel=entpr\u0026q=camp+mccellan+iowa+and+african+americans"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eContent Warning:This collection contains racial imagery typical for the time that contemporary viewers may find offensive.There may be references or imagery involving racism. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["Content Warning:This collection contains racial imagery typical for the time that contemporary viewers may find offensive.There may be references or imagery involving racism. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16851, Caroline Victoria Ozias letter, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16851, Caroline Victoria Ozias letter, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a letter from Caroline 'Carrie' Victoria Ozias of Iowa to Sarah \"Sallie\" Rachel McQuiston from Ohio. Ozias gives an account of the significant military activities happening around her. She describes Confederate prisoners, and details the United States Colored Troops who were guarding them. She also writes about Camp McClellan, where nearly three hundred Dakota or Lakota members were imprisoned. She reports on the riots who are resisting the draft as well as raids and a political rally at Rock Island City\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains a letter from Caroline 'Carrie' Victoria Ozias of Iowa to Sarah \"Sallie\" Rachel McQuiston from Ohio. Ozias gives an account of the significant military activities happening around her. She describes Confederate prisoners, and details the United States Colored Troops who were guarding them. She also writes about Camp McClellan, where nearly three hundred Dakota or Lakota members were imprisoned. She reports on the riots who are resisting the draft as well as raids and a political rally at Rock Island City"],"names_coll_ssim":["Kurt A Sanftleben, LLC"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Kurt A Sanftleben, LLC"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Kurt A Sanftleben, LLC"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:45:43.147Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1679","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1679","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1679","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1679","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1679.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/196861","title_filing_ssi":"Ozias, Caroline Victoria letter","title_ssm":["Caroline Victoria Ozias letter"],"title_tesim":["Caroline Victoria Ozias letter"],"unitdate_ssm":["October 20, 1864"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["October 20, 1864"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16851","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1679"],"text":["MSS 16851","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1679","Caroline Victoria Ozias letter","United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American","Prisoners of war -- United States","Dakota: The word Dakota means \"ally or friend\" in the Dakota language, and their autonyms include Ikčé Wičhášta (\"Indian people\") and Dakhóta Oyáte (\"Dakota people\").","Camp McClellan was a former Union army camp and hospital in Iowa that was established in Davenport in August 1861 after the outbreak of the American Civil War. In 1863 it became a prison camp called Camp Kearney where members of the Dakota tribe were interred. The camp was decommissioned after the release of the prisoners in 1866.","The propery was directly across the Mississippi River from the Rock Island Arsenal, and held Confederate soldiers and Dakota people.The government imprisoned 277 members of the Dakota tribe. A wall was built in December 1863 along the western road through the camp so as to separate the Dakota from recruits. Conditions in the prison became unsanitary. Local citizens were hostile that the Dakotas were in their vicinity. Later President Andrew Johnson released those being held prisoner to a reservation in Santee, Nebraska. Others died there and were buried in unmarked graves. In 1986 some of the remains were given to the Dakota tribe at Morton, Minnesota for burial. In 2005, the Dakota held a memorial ceremony on the former site of Camp Kearney.","African Americans:\nDuring the Civil War, Iowa, a free state, played a significant role in the Union cause, and African Americans in Iowa actively participated in the war effort, both as soldiers and as supporters of the Union cause. While Iowa had a relatively small African American population (around 1,000 in 1860), they were vital to the state's war efforts.","Iowa's 1st Infantry Regiment (African Descent), later designated as the 60th United States Colored Infantry Regiment, was organized at Keokuk, Iowa and was a significant part of the Union effort.","Camp McClellan played a pivotal role in the fight for African American civil rights in Iowa and became a symbol of the struggle for equality. \nThe internment of Dakota people at Camp McClellan highlighted the harsh realities of the Dakota War and the government's treatment of Native Americans.","Sources:\n\"Camp McClellan (Iowa)\" Wikipedia. Accessed 6/11/25\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camp_McClellan_(Iowa)","https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-1-d\u0026channel=entpr\u0026q=african+americans+in+Iowa+during+civil+war","https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-1-d\u0026channel=entpr\u0026q=camp+mccellan+iowa+and+african+americans","Content Warning:This collection contains racial imagery typical for the time that contemporary viewers may find offensive.There may be references or imagery involving racism. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","This collection contains a letter from Caroline 'Carrie' Victoria Ozias of Iowa to Sarah \"Sallie\" Rachel McQuiston from Ohio. Ozias gives an account of the significant military activities happening around her. She describes Confederate prisoners, and details the United States Colored Troops who were guarding them. She also writes about Camp McClellan, where nearly three hundred Dakota or Lakota members were imprisoned. She reports on the riots who are resisting the draft as well as raids and a political rally at Rock Island City","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Kurt A Sanftleben, LLC","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16851","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1679"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Caroline Victoria Ozias letter"],"collection_title_tesim":["Caroline Victoria Ozias letter"],"collection_ssim":["Caroline Victoria Ozias letter"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American"],"geogname_ssim":["United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American"],"creator_ssm":["Kurt A Sanftleben, LLC"],"creator_ssim":["Kurt A Sanftleben, LLC"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Kurt A Sanftleben, LLC"],"creators_ssim":["Kurt A Sanftleben, LLC"],"places_ssim":["United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a purchase from Kurt Sanftleben LCC, to the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on24 May 2024."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Prisoners of war -- United States"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Prisoners of war -- United States"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".03 Cubic Feet 1 letter folder"],"extent_tesim":[".03 Cubic Feet 1 letter folder"],"date_range_isim":[1864],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDakota: The word Dakota means \"ally or friend\" in the Dakota language, and their autonyms include Ikčé Wičhášta (\"Indian people\") and Dakhóta Oyáte (\"Dakota people\").\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCamp McClellan was a former Union army camp and hospital in Iowa that was established in Davenport in August 1861 after the outbreak of the American Civil War. In 1863 it became a prison camp called Camp Kearney where members of the Dakota tribe were interred. The camp was decommissioned after the release of the prisoners in 1866.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe propery was directly across the Mississippi River from the Rock Island Arsenal, and held Confederate soldiers and Dakota people.The government imprisoned 277 members of the Dakota tribe. A wall was built in December 1863 along the western road through the camp so as to separate the Dakota from recruits. Conditions in the prison became unsanitary. Local citizens were hostile that the Dakotas were in their vicinity. Later President Andrew Johnson released those being held prisoner to a reservation in Santee, Nebraska. Others died there and were buried in unmarked graves. In 1986 some of the remains were given to the Dakota tribe at Morton, Minnesota for burial. In 2005, the Dakota held a memorial ceremony on the former site of Camp Kearney.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfrican Americans:\nDuring the Civil War, Iowa, a free state, played a significant role in the Union cause, and African Americans in Iowa actively participated in the war effort, both as soldiers and as supporters of the Union cause. While Iowa had a relatively small African American population (around 1,000 in 1860), they were vital to the state's war efforts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIowa's 1st Infantry Regiment (African Descent), later designated as the 60th United States Colored Infantry Regiment, was organized at Keokuk, Iowa and was a significant part of the Union effort.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCamp McClellan played a pivotal role in the fight for African American civil rights in Iowa and became a symbol of the struggle for equality. \nThe internment of Dakota people at Camp McClellan highlighted the harsh realities of the Dakota War and the government's treatment of Native Americans.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources:\n\"Camp McClellan (Iowa)\" Wikipedia. Accessed 6/11/25\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camp_McClellan_(Iowa)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ehttps://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-1-d\u0026amp;channel=entpr\u0026amp;q=african+americans+in+Iowa+during+civil+war\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ehttps://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-1-d\u0026amp;channel=entpr\u0026amp;q=camp+mccellan+iowa+and+african+americans\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Dakota: The word Dakota means \"ally or friend\" in the Dakota language, and their autonyms include Ikčé Wičhášta (\"Indian people\") and Dakhóta Oyáte (\"Dakota people\").","Camp McClellan was a former Union army camp and hospital in Iowa that was established in Davenport in August 1861 after the outbreak of the American Civil War. In 1863 it became a prison camp called Camp Kearney where members of the Dakota tribe were interred. The camp was decommissioned after the release of the prisoners in 1866.","The propery was directly across the Mississippi River from the Rock Island Arsenal, and held Confederate soldiers and Dakota people.The government imprisoned 277 members of the Dakota tribe. A wall was built in December 1863 along the western road through the camp so as to separate the Dakota from recruits. Conditions in the prison became unsanitary. Local citizens were hostile that the Dakotas were in their vicinity. Later President Andrew Johnson released those being held prisoner to a reservation in Santee, Nebraska. Others died there and were buried in unmarked graves. In 1986 some of the remains were given to the Dakota tribe at Morton, Minnesota for burial. In 2005, the Dakota held a memorial ceremony on the former site of Camp Kearney.","African Americans:\nDuring the Civil War, Iowa, a free state, played a significant role in the Union cause, and African Americans in Iowa actively participated in the war effort, both as soldiers and as supporters of the Union cause. While Iowa had a relatively small African American population (around 1,000 in 1860), they were vital to the state's war efforts.","Iowa's 1st Infantry Regiment (African Descent), later designated as the 60th United States Colored Infantry Regiment, was organized at Keokuk, Iowa and was a significant part of the Union effort.","Camp McClellan played a pivotal role in the fight for African American civil rights in Iowa and became a symbol of the struggle for equality. \nThe internment of Dakota people at Camp McClellan highlighted the harsh realities of the Dakota War and the government's treatment of Native Americans.","Sources:\n\"Camp McClellan (Iowa)\" Wikipedia. Accessed 6/11/25\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camp_McClellan_(Iowa)","https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-1-d\u0026channel=entpr\u0026q=african+americans+in+Iowa+during+civil+war","https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-1-d\u0026channel=entpr\u0026q=camp+mccellan+iowa+and+african+americans"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eContent Warning:This collection contains racial imagery typical for the time that contemporary viewers may find offensive.There may be references or imagery involving racism. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["Content Warning:This collection contains racial imagery typical for the time that contemporary viewers may find offensive.There may be references or imagery involving racism. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16851, Caroline Victoria Ozias letter, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16851, Caroline Victoria Ozias letter, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a letter from Caroline 'Carrie' Victoria Ozias of Iowa to Sarah \"Sallie\" Rachel McQuiston from Ohio. Ozias gives an account of the significant military activities happening around her. She describes Confederate prisoners, and details the United States Colored Troops who were guarding them. She also writes about Camp McClellan, where nearly three hundred Dakota or Lakota members were imprisoned. She reports on the riots who are resisting the draft as well as raids and a political rally at Rock Island City\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains a letter from Caroline 'Carrie' Victoria Ozias of Iowa to Sarah \"Sallie\" Rachel McQuiston from Ohio. Ozias gives an account of the significant military activities happening around her. She describes Confederate prisoners, and details the United States Colored Troops who were guarding them. She also writes about Camp McClellan, where nearly three hundred Dakota or Lakota members were imprisoned. She reports on the riots who are resisting the draft as well as raids and a political rally at Rock Island City"],"names_coll_ssim":["Kurt A Sanftleben, LLC"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Kurt A Sanftleben, LLC"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Kurt A Sanftleben, LLC"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:45:43.147Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1679"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1633","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Collection related to stallion Wicked William","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1633#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Kurt A Sanftleben, LLC","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1633#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains nineteen documents and letters that provide detailed documentation of the ownership of a breeding stallion named Wicked William. 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The documents include three pedigrees, four stud service tickets, five sales records, and seven stampless letters, which provide a first-hand account of thoroughbred breeding and horse racing in Virginia during the early 19th century. The collection traces the breeding of Wicked William and his pedigree.","The collection also documents the sale of Wicked William from Colonel William White of Hanover County to Captain John Hooe Jr. of Prince William County, a member of a wealthy and influential Virginia family.","William White and John Hooe owned enslaved laborers and used them as horse jockeys in the racing business. There is documentation of White asking Hooe to arrange a pass for two enslaved jockeys to travel without an escort so they would not be harmed or arrested by a slave patrol. 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Sanftleben by the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 27 April 2023."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Horses -- Breeding","Horses","Horses--Pedigrees","enslaved persons"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Horses -- Breeding","Horses","Horses--Pedigrees","enslaved persons"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".04 Cubic Feet 1 folder (legal)"],"extent_tesim":[".04 Cubic Feet 1 folder (legal)"],"date_range_isim":[1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16825, Collection related to stallion Wicked William, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16825, Collection related to stallion Wicked William, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is related to MSS 11357 the Papers of John Hooe.https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=uva-sc/viu01259.xml\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["This collection is related to MSS 11357 the Papers of John Hooe.https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=uva-sc/viu01259.xml"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains nineteen documents and letters that provide detailed documentation of the ownership of a breeding stallion named Wicked William. 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The collection traces the breeding of Wicked William and his pedigree.","The collection also documents the sale of Wicked William from Colonel William White of Hanover County to Captain John Hooe Jr. of Prince William County, a member of a wealthy and influential Virginia family.","William White and John Hooe owned enslaved laborers and used them as horse jockeys in the racing business. There is documentation of White asking Hooe to arrange a pass for two enslaved jockeys to travel without an escort so they would not be harmed or arrested by a slave patrol. "],"names_coll_ssim":["Kurt A Sanftleben, LLC"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Kurt A Sanftleben, LLC"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Kurt A Sanftleben, LLC"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:56:56.558Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1633","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1633","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1633","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1633","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1633.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/196227","title_filing_ssi":"Collection related to stallion Wicked William","title_ssm":["Collection related to stallion Wicked William"],"title_tesim":["Collection related to stallion Wicked William"],"unitdate_ssm":["1832-1845"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1832-1845"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16825","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1633"],"text":["MSS 16825","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1633","Collection related to stallion Wicked William","Horses -- Breeding","Horses","Horses--Pedigrees","enslaved persons","The collection is open for research use.","This collection is related to MSS 11357 the Papers of John Hooe.https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=uva-sc/viu01259.xml","This collection contains nineteen documents and letters that provide detailed documentation of the ownership of a breeding stallion named Wicked William. 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","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Kurt A Sanftleben, LLC","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16825","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1633"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Collection related to stallion Wicked William"],"collection_title_tesim":["Collection related to stallion Wicked William"],"collection_ssim":["Collection related to stallion Wicked William"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Kurt A Sanftleben, LLC"],"creator_ssim":["Kurt A Sanftleben, LLC"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Kurt A Sanftleben, LLC"],"creators_ssim":["Kurt A Sanftleben, LLC"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from Kurt A. 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The collection traces the breeding of Wicked William and his pedigree.","The collection also documents the sale of Wicked William from Colonel William White of Hanover County to Captain John Hooe Jr. of Prince William County, a member of a wealthy and influential Virginia family.","William White and John Hooe owned enslaved laborers and used them as horse jockeys in the racing business. There is documentation of White asking Hooe to arrange a pass for two enslaved jockeys to travel without an escort so they would not be harmed or arrested by a slave patrol. "],"names_coll_ssim":["Kurt A Sanftleben, LLC"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Kurt A Sanftleben, LLC"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Kurt A Sanftleben, LLC"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:56:56.558Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1633"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1678","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Isaac French letter","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1678#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Kurt A Sanftleben, LLC","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1678#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a letter from Isaac French to J. Huntsman, Esq. dated June 17, 1849. French was a guest at Robert Buckner Bolling's plantation in Charles City County, Virginia, called Sandy Point. The letter has no postal markings or stamps, indicating an individual carried it. French describes to his friend his trip to the plantation, the weather, the size of Bolling's fields, the condition of the crops, and the epidemic of cholera and smallpox in Norfolk, Portsmouth, and Richmond. Robert was part of the prominent Bolling family and directed the operations of their holdings. The Sandy Point plantation, on the banks of the James River, was included in the dowry of his wife, Sara Melville Menge. Bolling was said to have over 500 enslaved workers and was active in the American Colonization Society.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1678#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1678","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1678","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1678","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1678","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1678.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/196846","title_filing_ssi":"French, Isaac letter","title_ssm":["Isaac French letter"],"title_tesim":["Isaac French letter"],"unitdate_ssm":["June 17, 1849"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["June 17, 1849"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16849","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1678"],"text":["MSS 16849","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1678","Isaac French letter","Agriculture","Smallpox","Cholera","This collection is open for research.","Robert Buckner Bolling was born March 28, 1805 in Petersburg, Virginia. He graduated from Princeton University in 1825 before returning to Virginia, where he managed the Bolling family properties and businesses in the Petersburg area and worked as an attorney. He married Sarah Melville Minge of Charles City County on November 29, 1831. The couple had eleven children. Nine Bolling children survived to adulthood. The family lived at \"West Hill\" and spent time at a home Robert's father had built called \"Centre Hill\". Bolling was a devoted Episcopalian and a Freemason at the Blandford Lodge in Petersburg. He ran for the Virginia legislature in 1840 and represented Petersburg for ten years. He was president of the Virginia Colonization Society but resigned due to health concerns and his involvement in other interests. Bolling also served as president of the Loudon and Fauquier Bell and Everett Union Club, president of the Agricultural Society, and a councilman for the East Ward of Petersburg, beginning in 1846. In 1855, a year after his wife Sarah's death, he commissioned the Bolling mausoleum in Petersburg's Blandford Cemetery. Bolling died in 1881, leaving each of his children a proportionate share of his estate, amounting to $40,000 for each. He was buried in Bolling mausoleum alongside his wife and their two children who preceded the couple in death. ","Sources","\" Robert Buckner Bolling  (1805-1881)\"  Find a Grave . Accessed May 2, 2025. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/28777095/robert_buckner-bolling. "," \n\" Robert Buckner Bolling (1805-1881)\"  WikiTree . Accessed https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Bolling-805.","This collection contains a letter from Isaac French to J. Huntsman, Esq. dated June 17, 1849. French was a guest at Robert Buckner Bolling's plantation in Charles City County, Virginia, called Sandy Point. The letter has no postal markings or stamps, indicating an individual carried it. French describes to his friend his trip to the plantation, the weather, the size of Bolling's fields, the condition of the crops, and the epidemic of cholera and smallpox in Norfolk, Portsmouth, and Richmond. Robert was part of the prominent Bolling family and directed the operations of their holdings. The Sandy Point plantation, on the banks of the James River, was included in the dowry of his wife, Sara Melville Menge. Bolling was said to have over 500 enslaved workers and was active in the American Colonization Society.","The Library believes that all or nearly all material in this collection is likely to be in the public domain, free of copyright restrictions. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Kurt A Sanftleben, LLC","Find a Grave","WikiTree","French, Isaac","Robert Buckner Bolling","Bolling, Robert Buckner, 1805-1881","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16849","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1678"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Isaac French letter"],"collection_title_tesim":["Isaac French letter"],"collection_ssim":["Isaac French letter"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Kurt A Sanftleben, LLC","French, Isaac"],"creator_ssim":["Kurt A Sanftleben, LLC","French, Isaac"],"creator_persname_ssim":["French, Isaac"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Kurt A Sanftleben, LLC"],"creators_ssim":["French, Isaac","Kurt A Sanftleben, LLC"],"access_terms_ssm":["The Library believes that all or nearly all material in this collection is likely to be in the public domain, free of copyright restrictions. 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The couple had eleven children. Nine Bolling children survived to adulthood. The family lived at \"West Hill\" and spent time at a home Robert's father had built called \"Centre Hill\". Bolling was a devoted Episcopalian and a Freemason at the Blandford Lodge in Petersburg. He ran for the Virginia legislature in 1840 and represented Petersburg for ten years. He was president of the Virginia Colonization Society but resigned due to health concerns and his involvement in other interests. Bolling also served as president of the Loudon and Fauquier Bell and Everett Union Club, president of the Agricultural Society, and a councilman for the East Ward of Petersburg, beginning in 1846. In 1855, a year after his wife Sarah's death, he commissioned the Bolling mausoleum in Petersburg's Blandford Cemetery. Bolling died in 1881, leaving each of his children a proportionate share of his estate, amounting to $40,000 for each. He was buried in Bolling mausoleum alongside his wife and their two children who preceded the couple in death. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"\u003cpersname\u003eRobert Buckner Bolling\u003c/persname\u003e (1805-1881)\" \u003ccorpname\u003eFind a Grave\u003c/corpname\u003e. Accessed May 2, 2025. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/28777095/robert_buckner-bolling. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e \n\"\u003cpersname\u003eRobert Buckner Bolling\u003c/persname\u003e(1805-1881)\" \u003ccorpname\u003eWikiTree\u003c/corpname\u003e. Accessed https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Bolling-805.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Description: Robert Buckner Bolling"],"bioghist_tesim":["Robert Buckner Bolling was born March 28, 1805 in Petersburg, Virginia. He graduated from Princeton University in 1825 before returning to Virginia, where he managed the Bolling family properties and businesses in the Petersburg area and worked as an attorney. He married Sarah Melville Minge of Charles City County on November 29, 1831. The couple had eleven children. Nine Bolling children survived to adulthood. The family lived at \"West Hill\" and spent time at a home Robert's father had built called \"Centre Hill\". Bolling was a devoted Episcopalian and a Freemason at the Blandford Lodge in Petersburg. He ran for the Virginia legislature in 1840 and represented Petersburg for ten years. He was president of the Virginia Colonization Society but resigned due to health concerns and his involvement in other interests. Bolling also served as president of the Loudon and Fauquier Bell and Everett Union Club, president of the Agricultural Society, and a councilman for the East Ward of Petersburg, beginning in 1846. In 1855, a year after his wife Sarah's death, he commissioned the Bolling mausoleum in Petersburg's Blandford Cemetery. Bolling died in 1881, leaving each of his children a proportionate share of his estate, amounting to $40,000 for each. He was buried in Bolling mausoleum alongside his wife and their two children who preceded the couple in death. ","Sources","\" Robert Buckner Bolling  (1805-1881)\"  Find a Grave . Accessed May 2, 2025. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/28777095/robert_buckner-bolling. "," \n\" Robert Buckner Bolling (1805-1881)\"  WikiTree . Accessed https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Bolling-805."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16849, Isaac French letter, Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16849, Isaac French letter, Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a letter from Isaac French to J. Huntsman, Esq. dated June 17, 1849. French was a guest at Robert Buckner Bolling's plantation in Charles City County, Virginia, called Sandy Point. The letter has no postal markings or stamps, indicating an individual carried it. French describes to his friend his trip to the plantation, the weather, the size of Bolling's fields, the condition of the crops, and the epidemic of cholera and smallpox in Norfolk, Portsmouth, and Richmond. Robert was part of the prominent Bolling family and directed the operations of their holdings. The Sandy Point plantation, on the banks of the James River, was included in the dowry of his wife, Sara Melville Menge. Bolling was said to have over 500 enslaved workers and was active in the American Colonization Society.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains a letter from Isaac French to J. Huntsman, Esq. dated June 17, 1849. French was a guest at Robert Buckner Bolling's plantation in Charles City County, Virginia, called Sandy Point. The letter has no postal markings or stamps, indicating an individual carried it. French describes to his friend his trip to the plantation, the weather, the size of Bolling's fields, the condition of the crops, and the epidemic of cholera and smallpox in Norfolk, Portsmouth, and Richmond. Robert was part of the prominent Bolling family and directed the operations of their holdings. The Sandy Point plantation, on the banks of the James River, was included in the dowry of his wife, Sara Melville Menge. Bolling was said to have over 500 enslaved workers and was active in the American Colonization Society."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Library believes that all or nearly all material in this collection is likely to be in the public domain, free of copyright restrictions. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The Library believes that all or nearly all material in this collection is likely to be in the public domain, free of copyright restrictions. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page for more information about use of Special Collections materials. 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He graduated from Princeton University in 1825 before returning to Virginia, where he managed the Bolling family properties and businesses in the Petersburg area and worked as an attorney. He married Sarah Melville Minge of Charles City County on November 29, 1831. The couple had eleven children. Nine Bolling children survived to adulthood. The family lived at \"West Hill\" and spent time at a home Robert's father had built called \"Centre Hill\". Bolling was a devoted Episcopalian and a Freemason at the Blandford Lodge in Petersburg. He ran for the Virginia legislature in 1840 and represented Petersburg for ten years. He was president of the Virginia Colonization Society but resigned due to health concerns and his involvement in other interests. Bolling also served as president of the Loudon and Fauquier Bell and Everett Union Club, president of the Agricultural Society, and a councilman for the East Ward of Petersburg, beginning in 1846. In 1855, a year after his wife Sarah's death, he commissioned the Bolling mausoleum in Petersburg's Blandford Cemetery. Bolling died in 1881, leaving each of his children a proportionate share of his estate, amounting to $40,000 for each. He was buried in Bolling mausoleum alongside his wife and their two children who preceded the couple in death. ","Sources","\" Robert Buckner Bolling  (1805-1881)\"  Find a Grave . Accessed May 2, 2025. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/28777095/robert_buckner-bolling. "," \n\" Robert Buckner Bolling (1805-1881)\"  WikiTree . Accessed https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Bolling-805.","This collection contains a letter from Isaac French to J. Huntsman, Esq. dated June 17, 1849. French was a guest at Robert Buckner Bolling's plantation in Charles City County, Virginia, called Sandy Point. The letter has no postal markings or stamps, indicating an individual carried it. French describes to his friend his trip to the plantation, the weather, the size of Bolling's fields, the condition of the crops, and the epidemic of cholera and smallpox in Norfolk, Portsmouth, and Richmond. Robert was part of the prominent Bolling family and directed the operations of their holdings. The Sandy Point plantation, on the banks of the James River, was included in the dowry of his wife, Sara Melville Menge. Bolling was said to have over 500 enslaved workers and was active in the American Colonization Society.","The Library believes that all or nearly all material in this collection is likely to be in the public domain, free of copyright restrictions. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Kurt A Sanftleben, LLC","Find a Grave","WikiTree","French, Isaac","Robert Buckner Bolling","Bolling, Robert Buckner, 1805-1881","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16849","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1678"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Isaac French letter"],"collection_title_tesim":["Isaac French letter"],"collection_ssim":["Isaac French letter"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Kurt A Sanftleben, LLC","French, Isaac"],"creator_ssim":["Kurt A Sanftleben, LLC","French, Isaac"],"creator_persname_ssim":["French, Isaac"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Kurt A Sanftleben, LLC"],"creators_ssim":["French, Isaac","Kurt A Sanftleben, LLC"],"access_terms_ssm":["The Library believes that all or nearly all material in this collection is likely to be in the public domain, free of copyright restrictions. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from Kurt A. Sanftleben LLC by the Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia on May 24, 2024."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Agriculture","Smallpox","Cholera"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Agriculture","Smallpox","Cholera"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".03 Cubic Feet 1 letter folder"],"extent_tesim":[".03 Cubic Feet 1 letter folder"],"date_range_isim":[1849],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRobert Buckner Bolling was born March 28, 1805 in Petersburg, Virginia. He graduated from Princeton University in 1825 before returning to Virginia, where he managed the Bolling family properties and businesses in the Petersburg area and worked as an attorney. He married Sarah Melville Minge of Charles City County on November 29, 1831. The couple had eleven children. Nine Bolling children survived to adulthood. The family lived at \"West Hill\" and spent time at a home Robert's father had built called \"Centre Hill\". Bolling was a devoted Episcopalian and a Freemason at the Blandford Lodge in Petersburg. He ran for the Virginia legislature in 1840 and represented Petersburg for ten years. He was president of the Virginia Colonization Society but resigned due to health concerns and his involvement in other interests. Bolling also served as president of the Loudon and Fauquier Bell and Everett Union Club, president of the Agricultural Society, and a councilman for the East Ward of Petersburg, beginning in 1846. In 1855, a year after his wife Sarah's death, he commissioned the Bolling mausoleum in Petersburg's Blandford Cemetery. Bolling died in 1881, leaving each of his children a proportionate share of his estate, amounting to $40,000 for each. He was buried in Bolling mausoleum alongside his wife and their two children who preceded the couple in death. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"\u003cpersname\u003eRobert Buckner Bolling\u003c/persname\u003e (1805-1881)\" \u003ccorpname\u003eFind a Grave\u003c/corpname\u003e. Accessed May 2, 2025. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/28777095/robert_buckner-bolling. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e \n\"\u003cpersname\u003eRobert Buckner Bolling\u003c/persname\u003e(1805-1881)\" \u003ccorpname\u003eWikiTree\u003c/corpname\u003e. Accessed https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Bolling-805.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Description: Robert Buckner Bolling"],"bioghist_tesim":["Robert Buckner Bolling was born March 28, 1805 in Petersburg, Virginia. He graduated from Princeton University in 1825 before returning to Virginia, where he managed the Bolling family properties and businesses in the Petersburg area and worked as an attorney. He married Sarah Melville Minge of Charles City County on November 29, 1831. The couple had eleven children. Nine Bolling children survived to adulthood. The family lived at \"West Hill\" and spent time at a home Robert's father had built called \"Centre Hill\". Bolling was a devoted Episcopalian and a Freemason at the Blandford Lodge in Petersburg. He ran for the Virginia legislature in 1840 and represented Petersburg for ten years. He was president of the Virginia Colonization Society but resigned due to health concerns and his involvement in other interests. Bolling also served as president of the Loudon and Fauquier Bell and Everett Union Club, president of the Agricultural Society, and a councilman for the East Ward of Petersburg, beginning in 1846. In 1855, a year after his wife Sarah's death, he commissioned the Bolling mausoleum in Petersburg's Blandford Cemetery. Bolling died in 1881, leaving each of his children a proportionate share of his estate, amounting to $40,000 for each. He was buried in Bolling mausoleum alongside his wife and their two children who preceded the couple in death. ","Sources","\" Robert Buckner Bolling  (1805-1881)\"  Find a Grave . Accessed May 2, 2025. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/28777095/robert_buckner-bolling. "," \n\" Robert Buckner Bolling (1805-1881)\"  WikiTree . Accessed https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Bolling-805."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16849, Isaac French letter, Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16849, Isaac French letter, Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a letter from Isaac French to J. Huntsman, Esq. dated June 17, 1849. French was a guest at Robert Buckner Bolling's plantation in Charles City County, Virginia, called Sandy Point. The letter has no postal markings or stamps, indicating an individual carried it. French describes to his friend his trip to the plantation, the weather, the size of Bolling's fields, the condition of the crops, and the epidemic of cholera and smallpox in Norfolk, Portsmouth, and Richmond. Robert was part of the prominent Bolling family and directed the operations of their holdings. The Sandy Point plantation, on the banks of the James River, was included in the dowry of his wife, Sara Melville Menge. Bolling was said to have over 500 enslaved workers and was active in the American Colonization Society.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains a letter from Isaac French to J. Huntsman, Esq. dated June 17, 1849. French was a guest at Robert Buckner Bolling's plantation in Charles City County, Virginia, called Sandy Point. The letter has no postal markings or stamps, indicating an individual carried it. French describes to his friend his trip to the plantation, the weather, the size of Bolling's fields, the condition of the crops, and the epidemic of cholera and smallpox in Norfolk, Portsmouth, and Richmond. Robert was part of the prominent Bolling family and directed the operations of their holdings. The Sandy Point plantation, on the banks of the James River, was included in the dowry of his wife, Sara Melville Menge. Bolling was said to have over 500 enslaved workers and was active in the American Colonization Society."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Library believes that all or nearly all material in this collection is likely to be in the public domain, free of copyright restrictions. 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