{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026view=compact","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026page=1\u0026view=compact"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":6,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_466","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Chesapeake Western Railway Company Records","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_466#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Chesapeake Western Railway","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_466#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Chespeake Western Railway Company Records, 1916-1982, are comprised of 24.36 cubic feet of records pertaining to the administrative and business activities of a small Shenandoah Valley railroad through the period of America's Great Depression and up to the CW's eventual acquisition by the Norfolk Southern Railway Corporation.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_466#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_466","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_466","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_466","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_466","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_466.xml","title_ssm":["Chesapeake Western Railway Company Records"],"title_tesim":["Chesapeake Western Railway Company Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1916-1982"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1916-1982"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0154","/repositories/4/resources/466"],"text":["SC 0154","/repositories/4/resources/466","Chesapeake Western Railway Company Records","Elkton (Va.) -- History","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Bridgewater (Va.) -- History","Mt. Solon (Va.) -- History","Stokesville (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Industries -- Sources","Augusta County (Va.) -- Industries -- Sources","Virginia -- Economic conditions -- History -- Sources","Virginia -- Industries -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Transportation -- History -- Sources","Railroads -- Southern States -- History","Coal -- Transportation -- Southern States -- Sources","Bark -- Transportation -- Southern States -- Sources","Timber -- Transportation -- Southern States -- Sources","Poultry -- Feeding and feeds -- Transportation -- Southern States -- Sources","Railroads -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Railroads -- Virginia -- History","Letters (correspondence)","Account books","Reports","Blueprints (reprographic copies)","Personnel records","Publications (documents)","Business records","Collection is open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The collection is arranged in seven series with the largest first; then arranged further chronologically:","Personnel Records, 1929-1982 Reports, 1953-1981 Account Books, 1916-1974 Correspondence, 1976-1979 Miscellaneous Documents, 1928-1976 Publications, 1963-1977 Blueprints and Schematics, 1951-1979","Cooper, Mason Y.   Norfolk and Western's Shenandoah Line . Forest, Virginia:  Norfolk and Western Historical Society, Inc., 1998.","Cooper, Mason Y.   Norfolk and Western's Shenandoah Line .  Forest, Virginia:  Norfolk and Western Historical Society, Inc., 1998.","Hawkins, Leighman.  \"The Shortline Railroads of Virginia.\"   Virginia and the Virginia County , January 1951.","Murray, Michael S.  \"Rails Through Rockingham County:  The Chesapeake Western Story.\"   Railpace Newsmagazine , January 1985.","\"Norfolk and Western to buy Chesapeake Western.\"   Daily News-Record , July 29, 1954.","Price, Charles Grattan Jr.  The Crooked and the Weedy: A History of Virginia's Chesapeake Western Railway . Harrisonburg, Virginia: Don Mills, Inc., 1992.","Thompson, Tommy. \"Shortline.\"  Daily News-Record , April 3, 1971.","The origins of the Chesapeake Western Railway Company date back at least to 1871, when the Washington, Cincinnati \u0026 St. Louis Railroad was chartered in Virginia as a narrow-gauge railroad to run from Washington, D.C., through Elkton, Harrisonburg, and Bridgewater, Virginia to Cincinnati, Ohio. Virginians bought stock in the coporation, including many people in Rockingham County; rights of way were purchased and railbed grading began.  Like similar ventures of the time, the goals of the company never bore fruit, and work halted in 1874.","In 1892, a group of promoters including Jedediah Hotchkiss incorporated to build a railway to carry coal from West Virginia mines to Gloucester Point, Virginia. Initially called the Chesapeake, Shendun, and Western Railroad, the name was quickly changed to Chesapeake \u0026 Western Railroad. Using part of the old WC\u0026StL right-of-way, and with $150,000 from the city of Harrisonburg to ensure that the railroad would pass through it, a 26-mile single-track, standard-gauge line was completed from Elkton to Bridgewater and began operating on March 23, 1896. In the next few years, substantial C\u0026W stock was purchased by New York investor Thomas Stokes, who hoped to develop the coal mines in western Rockingham County but became mired in financial difficulties. His brother, W.E.D Stokes, purchased control of the C\u0026W and also organized a new railroad, the Tidewater and West Virginia, in 1900. The Tidewater changed its name in 1901 to the Chesapeake Western Railway, leased the CW line for 99 years, and in 1902 completed 13 miles of rail from Bridgewater to the new town of Stokesville in North River Gap. Trains carried passengers as well as freight between Elkton and Stokesville. Plans were drawn up to continue the line into West Virginia but were not implemented.","For just over a decade, Stokesville boomed as timber, tanbark, and to a much more limited extent, coal, in the area were exploited. Stokes operated the CW with offices in Harrisonburg until his death in 1926. His estate continued to operate the railway until 1938. In 1928, the line from Mount Solon to North River Gap was abandoned for financial reasons. In 1933, the nine miles from Bridgewater to Mount Solon were also dropped.  When the Stokes' heirs put the CW up for sale in 1938, Don W. Thomas, a former Norfolk \u0026 Western Railroad employee who had been the general manager of the CW since 1926, fought a bid from Japanese scrap metal buyers and bought the line. In 1943, Thomas also bought the Baltimore \u0026 Ohio's Valley Road of Virginia line which rean between Harrisonburg and Lexington. The line south of Staunton was taken up and sold for scrap, but the road between Harrisonburg and Staunton was improved and became an important link in the CW system because of the connection with the Chesapeake \u0026 Ohio Railroad at Staunton. The CW linked with the Norfolk \u0026 Western at Elkton.","In 1954, the Norfolk \u0026 Western Railroad purchased CW, but the name was retained and was operated as a separate corporation. By about 1980, however, little or no rolling stock carried the CW logo any longer. Norfolk \u0026 Western and the Southern Railway Company merged as Norfolk Southern Corporation on June 1, 1982. Not long after that merger, a five-alarm fire burned the CW office located at Chesapeake Drive in Harrisonburg on July 28, 1982, and company offices and operations were eventually absorbed by the NS. Five miles of track east of Bridgewater were removed in 1988. The CW under the control of NS serves as the Harrisonburg area's poultry feed supplier passing through the campus of James Madison University daily. ","Records represent the day to day business operation of the Chesapeake Western Railway Company through 1982. After a fire that year, records were left in the CW building on Chesapeake Drive in Harrisonburg, Virginia, and remained in that facility until 1997.","Due to the unwieldy nature of virtually off the bound ledgers, pages were removed from their covers and parceled into folders as both an aid to researchers and as a practical means to consolidate space.  The condition of some boards was also questionable with evidence of mold and pest damage. In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 4010.","The Chesapeake Western Railway Company Records, 1916-1982, consist of 24.36 cubic feet of business records pertaining to the employees, assets, and business transactions of the company. The collection is topically arranged in seven series with the largest series first; then further arranged chronologically . Series consist of Personnel Records, Reports, Account Books, Correspondence, Blueprints and Schematics, Publications, and Miscellaneous Documents.","Series 1: Personnel Records, 1929-1982, includes payrolls and time sheets with names of employees, occupations, hours, rates, payments, and dates of employment. Also included in this series are Railroad Retirement Board forms primarily from 1930 to 1973, containing employee biographical and genealogical information.","Series 2: Reports, 1953-1981, primarily is comprised of Dispatcher and Conductor reports, with information about specific trains, routes, departure times, distances and engine numbers. Dispatchers' Record of Movement of Trains, 1973-1979, and Time Return and Delay Reports, 1975-1981, list information such as:  engineers' names, train departure times, type of service, etc. Conductor Car Records and tonnage Reports include engine number, weight of trains, cargo, as well as identification of conductors and engineers on each train.  Entries for Shipping logs, 1970-1977; Traffic Analyses and other shipping records, 1973-1981, are followed by Per Diem/Mileage and Transfer Books, 1953-1970, which appear to be freight and transfer records written in abbreviated code and organized alphabetically by company name.","Series 3: Account Books, 1916-1974, contains: Interline Freight Balances; Car Services Balances; Amounts Due From and To Foreign Companies on Interline Freight Accounts; Operating Expenses and REvenues and other information including shops, engine house, bridges, agents, conductors, donations, etc.; Per Diem Reclaim Records, 1952-1973; Income Statements, 1968-1971; Records of Vouchers Released, 1955-1967; Freight Car Hires, 1943-1975, summarizing car hire, passenger and freight car mileage; and Miscellaneous accounts, 1934-1951, containing detailed information of topics organized chronologically and categorically under the following headings:  Operating Revenues, Freight Revenues, Rent from Locomotives, Miscellaneous Income, Maintenance, Transportation Improvements, and Statements for Depreciation for railway structures.  Balance in Interline Freight Accounts, 1932-1935, lists date, items, folio number, and debits with yearly balances, organized alphabetically by account name.  Car Services Balance Books, 1944-1971, record balance and payment information for interline car service accounts.  Record of Amounts Due From and To Foreign Companies on Interline Freight Accounts Journals, 1930-1944, comprise both operating expenses and revenues as well as other information.","Label on front cover of bound volume reads: Returns to Valuation Orders 7, 8, and 16, Chesapeake \u0026 Western Railroad Co., Chesapeake Western Railway, Cheswick and Harmar Railroad Co., Clarendon \u0026 Pittsford Railroad Co., Connellsville \u0026 Monongahela Railway Co.","Series 4: Correspondence, 1976-1979, is comprised of a variety of topics which include land leases, shipments, track upgrades, expense reports, and business agreements in chronological order.","Series 5: Miscellaneous Documents, 1928-1982, is comprised of eclectic pieces--many relating to previous series that would be lost among more substantial predecessors.  Headings under Miscellaneous include:  Financial notes and documents, many handwritten, 1935-1938 and undated; a conductor's balance sheet from September 1935; Operating expenses, undated; Per Diem Reclaim Mileage Records and Record of Amounts Due From and To Foreign Companies on Interline Freight Accounts, September 1935; Reports of Interline Passenger Traffic, August 1935 [one of which contains a note in the \"Remarks\" column stating \"CCC\" perhaps indicating a one way trip to Bridgewater Station for members of the Civilian Conservation Corps.]; Documents and invoices for parts and repair, indemnity releases, etc., 1955-1976; Forms from printing companies, 1928-1968; Records of purchase for forms from local printers; Receipt books, Carload Traffic Received, Automobile Expenses Records, Forecast Statement, N\u0026W strike letter, 3.5 acre lease letter to Virginia Electric and Power Company, 1975-1980; Staunton Textile Corporation and Celanese Corporation, 1934-1955; Miscellaneous Correspondence, freight bills, account information, etc. and Exxon records, 1974-1976.","Series 6: Publications, 1963-1977, include copies of  Bullinger's Postal and Shipper's Guide for the US and Canada , 1963, which lists shipping rates, distances, etc. and  Standard Transportation Commodity Code Tariff No. 1-E , November 15, 1977.","Series 7: Blueprints and Schematics, 1951-1979, contains the oversize materials:  a blueprint of the railway line from 1951 and diagrams of electircal gates and signal wiring, 1961-1979.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. Privacy protected information may be revealed during use of this collection. Researchers agree to make no notes or other recordation of privacy protected information if found within this collection, and further agree not to publish or disclose such information for any purpose. Researchers agree to alert Special Collections staff if potentially privacy protected information is found within this collection. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Chespeake Western Railway Company Records, 1916-1982, are comprised of 24.36 cubic feet of records pertaining to the administrative and business activities of a small Shenandoah Valley railroad through the period of America's Great Depression and up to the CW's eventual acquisition by the Norfolk Southern Railway Corporation.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Chesapeake Western Railway","Chesapeake Beach Railway Museum","Norfolk Southern Corporation","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Hyser, Raymond M., 1955-","Stokes, W. E. D. (William Earl Dodge), 1852-1926","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0154","/repositories/4/resources/466"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Chesapeake Western Railway Company Records"],"collection_title_tesim":["Chesapeake Western Railway Company Records"],"collection_ssim":["Chesapeake Western Railway Company Records"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Elkton (Va.) -- History","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Bridgewater (Va.) -- History","Mt. Solon (Va.) -- History","Stokesville (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Industries -- Sources","Augusta County (Va.) -- Industries -- Sources","Virginia -- Economic conditions -- History -- Sources","Virginia -- Industries -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Transportation -- History -- Sources"],"geogname_ssim":["Elkton (Va.) -- History","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Bridgewater (Va.) -- History","Mt. Solon (Va.) -- History","Stokesville (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Industries -- Sources","Augusta County (Va.) -- Industries -- Sources","Virginia -- Economic conditions -- History -- Sources","Virginia -- Industries -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Transportation -- History -- Sources"],"creator_ssm":["Chesapeake Western Railway","Chesapeake Beach Railway Museum","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Hyser, Raymond M., 1955-"],"creator_ssim":["Chesapeake Western Railway","Chesapeake Beach Railway Museum","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Hyser, Raymond M., 1955-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Hyser, Raymond M., 1955-"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Chesapeake Western Railway","Chesapeake Beach Railway Museum"],"creators_ssim":["Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Hyser, Raymond M., 1955-","Chesapeake Western Railway","Chesapeake Beach Railway Museum"],"places_ssim":["Elkton (Va.) -- History","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Bridgewater (Va.) -- History","Mt. Solon (Va.) -- History","Stokesville (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Industries -- Sources","Augusta County (Va.) -- Industries -- Sources","Virginia -- Economic conditions -- History -- Sources","Virginia -- Industries -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Transportation -- History -- Sources"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. Privacy protected information may be revealed during use of this collection. Researchers agree to make no notes or other recordation of privacy protected information if found within this collection, and further agree not to publish or disclose such information for any purpose. Researchers agree to alert Special Collections staff if potentially privacy protected information is found within this collection. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["D.A. Brown, II Superintendent, VA Division of Norfolk Southern in Roanoke gave permission in April 1997 for JMU professors Raymond Hiser and Clarence Geier from the History and Anthropology Departments respectively to salvage records from the CW building on Chesapeake Drive in Harrisonburg, Virginia which suffered a five-alarm fire at the site on July 28, 1982. After the fire, operating records remained in the building in disarray on the floor and suffered damage by fire or water or both. Following their initial cleaning and inventory by students in History and Anthropology, the materials were transferred to Carrier Library in February 1998. In September 2018, the Chesapeake Beach Railway Museum in Chesapeake Beach, Maryland, donated one bound book: \"Returns to Valuation Orders 7, 8, and 16.\""],"access_subjects_ssim":["Railroads -- Southern States -- History","Coal -- Transportation -- Southern States -- Sources","Bark -- Transportation -- Southern States -- Sources","Timber -- Transportation -- Southern States -- Sources","Poultry -- Feeding and feeds -- Transportation -- Southern States -- Sources","Railroads -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Railroads -- Virginia -- History","Letters (correspondence)","Account books","Reports","Blueprints (reprographic copies)","Personnel records","Publications (documents)","Business records"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Railroads -- Southern States -- History","Coal -- Transportation -- Southern States -- Sources","Bark -- Transportation -- Southern States -- Sources","Timber -- Transportation -- Southern States -- Sources","Poultry -- Feeding and feeds -- Transportation -- Southern States -- Sources","Railroads -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Railroads -- Virginia -- History","Letters (correspondence)","Account books","Reports","Blueprints (reprographic copies)","Personnel records","Publications (documents)","Business records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["24.36 cubic feet 35 boxes, 1 rolled storage container"],"extent_tesim":["24.36 cubic feet 35 boxes, 1 rolled storage container"],"genreform_ssim":["Letters (correspondence)","Account books","Reports","Blueprints (reprographic copies)","Personnel records","Publications (documents)","Business records"],"date_range_isim":[1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in seven series with the largest first; then arranged further chronologically:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePersonnel Records, 1929-1982\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eReports, 1953-1981\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eAccount Books, 1916-1974\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eCorrespondence, 1976-1979\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eMiscellaneous Documents, 1928-1976\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePublications, 1963-1977\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eBlueprints and Schematics, 1951-1979\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in seven series with the largest first; then arranged further chronologically:","Personnel Records, 1929-1982 Reports, 1953-1981 Account Books, 1916-1974 Correspondence, 1976-1979 Miscellaneous Documents, 1928-1976 Publications, 1963-1977 Blueprints and Schematics, 1951-1979"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eCooper, Mason Y.  \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eNorfolk and Western's Shenandoah Line\u003c/emph\u003e. Forest, Virginia:  Norfolk and Western Historical Society, Inc., 1998.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eCooper, Mason Y.  \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eNorfolk and Western's Shenandoah Line\u003c/emph\u003e.  Forest, Virginia:  Norfolk and Western Historical Society, Inc., 1998.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eHawkins, Leighman.  \"The Shortline Railroads of Virginia.\"  \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eVirginia and the Virginia County\u003c/emph\u003e, January 1951.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eMurray, Michael S.  \"Rails Through Rockingham County:  The Chesapeake Western Story.\"  \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eRailpace Newsmagazine\u003c/emph\u003e, January 1985.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e\"Norfolk and Western to buy Chesapeake Western.\"  \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eDaily News-Record\u003c/emph\u003e, July 29, 1954.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003ePrice, Charles Grattan Jr. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Crooked and the Weedy: A History of Virginia's Chesapeake Western Railway\u003c/emph\u003e. Harrisonburg, Virginia: Don Mills, Inc., 1992.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eThompson, Tommy. \"Shortline.\" \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eDaily News-Record\u003c/emph\u003e, April 3, 1971.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Cooper, Mason Y.   Norfolk and Western's Shenandoah Line . Forest, Virginia:  Norfolk and Western Historical Society, Inc., 1998.","Cooper, Mason Y.   Norfolk and Western's Shenandoah Line .  Forest, Virginia:  Norfolk and Western Historical Society, Inc., 1998.","Hawkins, Leighman.  \"The Shortline Railroads of Virginia.\"   Virginia and the Virginia County , January 1951.","Murray, Michael S.  \"Rails Through Rockingham County:  The Chesapeake Western Story.\"   Railpace Newsmagazine , January 1985.","\"Norfolk and Western to buy Chesapeake Western.\"   Daily News-Record , July 29, 1954.","Price, Charles Grattan Jr.  The Crooked and the Weedy: A History of Virginia's Chesapeake Western Railway . Harrisonburg, Virginia: Don Mills, Inc., 1992.","Thompson, Tommy. \"Shortline.\"  Daily News-Record , April 3, 1971."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe origins of the Chesapeake Western Railway Company date back at least to 1871, when the Washington, Cincinnati \u0026amp; St. Louis Railroad was chartered in Virginia as a narrow-gauge railroad to run from Washington, D.C., through Elkton, Harrisonburg, and Bridgewater, Virginia to Cincinnati, Ohio. Virginians bought stock in the coporation, including many people in Rockingham County; rights of way were purchased and railbed grading began.  Like similar ventures of the time, the goals of the company never bore fruit, and work halted in 1874.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1892, a group of promoters including Jedediah Hotchkiss incorporated to build a railway to carry coal from West Virginia mines to Gloucester Point, Virginia. Initially called the Chesapeake, Shendun, and Western Railroad, the name was quickly changed to Chesapeake \u0026amp; Western Railroad. Using part of the old WC\u0026amp;StL right-of-way, and with $150,000 from the city of Harrisonburg to ensure that the railroad would pass through it, a 26-mile single-track, standard-gauge line was completed from Elkton to Bridgewater and began operating on March 23, 1896. In the next few years, substantial C\u0026amp;W stock was purchased by New York investor Thomas Stokes, who hoped to develop the coal mines in western Rockingham County but became mired in financial difficulties. His brother, W.E.D Stokes, purchased control of the C\u0026amp;W and also organized a new railroad, the Tidewater and West Virginia, in 1900. The Tidewater changed its name in 1901 to the Chesapeake Western Railway, leased the CW line for 99 years, and in 1902 completed 13 miles of rail from Bridgewater to the new town of Stokesville in North River Gap. Trains carried passengers as well as freight between Elkton and Stokesville. Plans were drawn up to continue the line into West Virginia but were not implemented.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor just over a decade, Stokesville boomed as timber, tanbark, and to a much more limited extent, coal, in the area were exploited. Stokes operated the CW with offices in Harrisonburg until his death in 1926. His estate continued to operate the railway until 1938. In 1928, the line from Mount Solon to North River Gap was abandoned for financial reasons. In 1933, the nine miles from Bridgewater to Mount Solon were also dropped.  When the Stokes' heirs put the CW up for sale in 1938, Don W. Thomas, a former Norfolk \u0026amp; Western Railroad employee who had been the general manager of the CW since 1926, fought a bid from Japanese scrap metal buyers and bought the line. In 1943, Thomas also bought the Baltimore \u0026amp; Ohio's Valley Road of Virginia line which rean between Harrisonburg and Lexington. The line south of Staunton was taken up and sold for scrap, but the road between Harrisonburg and Staunton was improved and became an important link in the CW system because of the connection with the Chesapeake \u0026amp; Ohio Railroad at Staunton. The CW linked with the Norfolk \u0026amp; Western at Elkton.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1954, the Norfolk \u0026amp; Western Railroad purchased CW, but the name was retained and was operated as a separate corporation. By about 1980, however, little or no rolling stock carried the CW logo any longer. Norfolk \u0026amp; Western and the Southern Railway Company merged as Norfolk Southern Corporation on June 1, 1982. Not long after that merger, a five-alarm fire burned the CW office located at Chesapeake Drive in Harrisonburg on July 28, 1982, and company offices and operations were eventually absorbed by the NS. Five miles of track east of Bridgewater were removed in 1988. The CW under the control of NS serves as the Harrisonburg area's poultry feed supplier passing through the campus of James Madison University daily. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Administrative History"],"bioghist_tesim":["The origins of the Chesapeake Western Railway Company date back at least to 1871, when the Washington, Cincinnati \u0026 St. Louis Railroad was chartered in Virginia as a narrow-gauge railroad to run from Washington, D.C., through Elkton, Harrisonburg, and Bridgewater, Virginia to Cincinnati, Ohio. Virginians bought stock in the coporation, including many people in Rockingham County; rights of way were purchased and railbed grading began.  Like similar ventures of the time, the goals of the company never bore fruit, and work halted in 1874.","In 1892, a group of promoters including Jedediah Hotchkiss incorporated to build a railway to carry coal from West Virginia mines to Gloucester Point, Virginia. Initially called the Chesapeake, Shendun, and Western Railroad, the name was quickly changed to Chesapeake \u0026 Western Railroad. Using part of the old WC\u0026StL right-of-way, and with $150,000 from the city of Harrisonburg to ensure that the railroad would pass through it, a 26-mile single-track, standard-gauge line was completed from Elkton to Bridgewater and began operating on March 23, 1896. In the next few years, substantial C\u0026W stock was purchased by New York investor Thomas Stokes, who hoped to develop the coal mines in western Rockingham County but became mired in financial difficulties. His brother, W.E.D Stokes, purchased control of the C\u0026W and also organized a new railroad, the Tidewater and West Virginia, in 1900. The Tidewater changed its name in 1901 to the Chesapeake Western Railway, leased the CW line for 99 years, and in 1902 completed 13 miles of rail from Bridgewater to the new town of Stokesville in North River Gap. Trains carried passengers as well as freight between Elkton and Stokesville. Plans were drawn up to continue the line into West Virginia but were not implemented.","For just over a decade, Stokesville boomed as timber, tanbark, and to a much more limited extent, coal, in the area were exploited. Stokes operated the CW with offices in Harrisonburg until his death in 1926. His estate continued to operate the railway until 1938. In 1928, the line from Mount Solon to North River Gap was abandoned for financial reasons. In 1933, the nine miles from Bridgewater to Mount Solon were also dropped.  When the Stokes' heirs put the CW up for sale in 1938, Don W. Thomas, a former Norfolk \u0026 Western Railroad employee who had been the general manager of the CW since 1926, fought a bid from Japanese scrap metal buyers and bought the line. In 1943, Thomas also bought the Baltimore \u0026 Ohio's Valley Road of Virginia line which rean between Harrisonburg and Lexington. The line south of Staunton was taken up and sold for scrap, but the road between Harrisonburg and Staunton was improved and became an important link in the CW system because of the connection with the Chesapeake \u0026 Ohio Railroad at Staunton. The CW linked with the Norfolk \u0026 Western at Elkton.","In 1954, the Norfolk \u0026 Western Railroad purchased CW, but the name was retained and was operated as a separate corporation. By about 1980, however, little or no rolling stock carried the CW logo any longer. Norfolk \u0026 Western and the Southern Railway Company merged as Norfolk Southern Corporation on June 1, 1982. Not long after that merger, a five-alarm fire burned the CW office located at Chesapeake Drive in Harrisonburg on July 28, 1982, and company offices and operations were eventually absorbed by the NS. Five miles of track east of Bridgewater were removed in 1988. The CW under the control of NS serves as the Harrisonburg area's poultry feed supplier passing through the campus of James Madison University daily. "],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecords represent the day to day business operation of the Chesapeake Western Railway Company through 1982. After a fire that year, records were left in the CW building on Chesapeake Drive in Harrisonburg, Virginia, and remained in that facility until 1997.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["Records represent the day to day business operation of the Chesapeake Western Railway Company through 1982. After a fire that year, records were left in the CW building on Chesapeake Drive in Harrisonburg, Virginia, and remained in that facility until 1997."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Chesapeake Western Railway Company Records, 1916-1982, SC 0154, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Chesapeake Western Railway Company Records, 1916-1982, SC 0154, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDue to the unwieldy nature of virtually off the bound ledgers, pages were removed from their covers and parceled into folders as both an aid to researchers and as a practical means to consolidate space.  The condition of some boards was also questionable with evidence of mold and pest damage. In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThis collection was previously cataloged as SC 4010.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Due to the unwieldy nature of virtually off the bound ledgers, pages were removed from their covers and parceled into folders as both an aid to researchers and as a practical means to consolidate space.  The condition of some boards was also questionable with evidence of mold and pest damage. In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 4010."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Chesapeake Western Railway Company Records, 1916-1982, consist of 24.36 cubic feet of business records pertaining to the employees, assets, and business transactions of the company. The collection is topically arranged in seven series with the largest series first; then further arranged chronologically . Series consist of Personnel Records, Reports, Account Books, Correspondence, Blueprints and Schematics, Publications, and Miscellaneous Documents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Personnel Records, 1929-1982, includes payrolls and time sheets with names of employees, occupations, hours, rates, payments, and dates of employment. Also included in this series are Railroad Retirement Board forms primarily from 1930 to 1973, containing employee biographical and genealogical information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Reports, 1953-1981, primarily is comprised of Dispatcher and Conductor reports, with information about specific trains, routes, departure times, distances and engine numbers. Dispatchers' Record of Movement of Trains, 1973-1979, and Time Return and Delay Reports, 1975-1981, list information such as:  engineers' names, train departure times, type of service, etc. Conductor Car Records and tonnage Reports include engine number, weight of trains, cargo, as well as identification of conductors and engineers on each train.  Entries for Shipping logs, 1970-1977; Traffic Analyses and other shipping records, 1973-1981, are followed by Per Diem/Mileage and Transfer Books, 1953-1970, which appear to be freight and transfer records written in abbreviated code and organized alphabetically by company name.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Account Books, 1916-1974, contains: Interline Freight Balances; Car Services Balances; Amounts Due From and To Foreign Companies on Interline Freight Accounts; Operating Expenses and REvenues and other information including shops, engine house, bridges, agents, conductors, donations, etc.; Per Diem Reclaim Records, 1952-1973; Income Statements, 1968-1971; Records of Vouchers Released, 1955-1967; Freight Car Hires, 1943-1975, summarizing car hire, passenger and freight car mileage; and Miscellaneous accounts, 1934-1951, containing detailed information of topics organized chronologically and categorically under the following headings:  Operating Revenues, Freight Revenues, Rent from Locomotives, Miscellaneous Income, Maintenance, Transportation Improvements, and Statements for Depreciation for railway structures.  Balance in Interline Freight Accounts, 1932-1935, lists date, items, folio number, and debits with yearly balances, organized alphabetically by account name.  Car Services Balance Books, 1944-1971, record balance and payment information for interline car service accounts.  Record of Amounts Due From and To Foreign Companies on Interline Freight Accounts Journals, 1930-1944, comprise both operating expenses and revenues as well as other information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLabel on front cover of bound volume reads: Returns to Valuation Orders 7, 8, and 16, Chesapeake \u0026amp; Western Railroad Co., Chesapeake Western Railway, Cheswick and Harmar Railroad Co., Clarendon \u0026amp; Pittsford Railroad Co., Connellsville \u0026amp; Monongahela Railway Co.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Correspondence, 1976-1979, is comprised of a variety of topics which include land leases, shipments, track upgrades, expense reports, and business agreements in chronological order.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Miscellaneous Documents, 1928-1982, is comprised of eclectic pieces--many relating to previous series that would be lost among more substantial predecessors.  Headings under Miscellaneous include:  Financial notes and documents, many handwritten, 1935-1938 and undated; a conductor's balance sheet from September 1935; Operating expenses, undated; Per Diem Reclaim Mileage Records and Record of Amounts Due From and To Foreign Companies on Interline Freight Accounts, September 1935; Reports of Interline Passenger Traffic, August 1935 [one of which contains a note in the \"Remarks\" column stating \"CCC\" perhaps indicating a one way trip to Bridgewater Station for members of the Civilian Conservation Corps.]; Documents and invoices for parts and repair, indemnity releases, etc., 1955-1976; Forms from printing companies, 1928-1968; Records of purchase for forms from local printers; Receipt books, Carload Traffic Received, Automobile Expenses Records, Forecast Statement, N\u0026amp;W strike letter, 3.5 acre lease letter to Virginia Electric and Power Company, 1975-1980; Staunton Textile Corporation and Celanese Corporation, 1934-1955; Miscellaneous Correspondence, freight bills, account information, etc. and Exxon records, 1974-1976.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6: Publications, 1963-1977, include copies of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBullinger's Postal and Shipper's Guide for the US and Canada\u003c/emph\u003e, 1963, which lists shipping rates, distances, etc. and \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eStandard Transportation Commodity Code Tariff No. 1-E\u003c/emph\u003e, November 15, 1977.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 7: Blueprints and Schematics, 1951-1979, contains the oversize materials:  a blueprint of the railway line from 1951 and diagrams of electircal gates and signal wiring, 1961-1979.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Chesapeake Western Railway Company Records, 1916-1982, consist of 24.36 cubic feet of business records pertaining to the employees, assets, and business transactions of the company. The collection is topically arranged in seven series with the largest series first; then further arranged chronologically . Series consist of Personnel Records, Reports, Account Books, Correspondence, Blueprints and Schematics, Publications, and Miscellaneous Documents.","Series 1: Personnel Records, 1929-1982, includes payrolls and time sheets with names of employees, occupations, hours, rates, payments, and dates of employment. Also included in this series are Railroad Retirement Board forms primarily from 1930 to 1973, containing employee biographical and genealogical information.","Series 2: Reports, 1953-1981, primarily is comprised of Dispatcher and Conductor reports, with information about specific trains, routes, departure times, distances and engine numbers. Dispatchers' Record of Movement of Trains, 1973-1979, and Time Return and Delay Reports, 1975-1981, list information such as:  engineers' names, train departure times, type of service, etc. Conductor Car Records and tonnage Reports include engine number, weight of trains, cargo, as well as identification of conductors and engineers on each train.  Entries for Shipping logs, 1970-1977; Traffic Analyses and other shipping records, 1973-1981, are followed by Per Diem/Mileage and Transfer Books, 1953-1970, which appear to be freight and transfer records written in abbreviated code and organized alphabetically by company name.","Series 3: Account Books, 1916-1974, contains: Interline Freight Balances; Car Services Balances; Amounts Due From and To Foreign Companies on Interline Freight Accounts; Operating Expenses and REvenues and other information including shops, engine house, bridges, agents, conductors, donations, etc.; Per Diem Reclaim Records, 1952-1973; Income Statements, 1968-1971; Records of Vouchers Released, 1955-1967; Freight Car Hires, 1943-1975, summarizing car hire, passenger and freight car mileage; and Miscellaneous accounts, 1934-1951, containing detailed information of topics organized chronologically and categorically under the following headings:  Operating Revenues, Freight Revenues, Rent from Locomotives, Miscellaneous Income, Maintenance, Transportation Improvements, and Statements for Depreciation for railway structures.  Balance in Interline Freight Accounts, 1932-1935, lists date, items, folio number, and debits with yearly balances, organized alphabetically by account name.  Car Services Balance Books, 1944-1971, record balance and payment information for interline car service accounts.  Record of Amounts Due From and To Foreign Companies on Interline Freight Accounts Journals, 1930-1944, comprise both operating expenses and revenues as well as other information.","Label on front cover of bound volume reads: Returns to Valuation Orders 7, 8, and 16, Chesapeake \u0026 Western Railroad Co., Chesapeake Western Railway, Cheswick and Harmar Railroad Co., Clarendon \u0026 Pittsford Railroad Co., Connellsville \u0026 Monongahela Railway Co.","Series 4: Correspondence, 1976-1979, is comprised of a variety of topics which include land leases, shipments, track upgrades, expense reports, and business agreements in chronological order.","Series 5: Miscellaneous Documents, 1928-1982, is comprised of eclectic pieces--many relating to previous series that would be lost among more substantial predecessors.  Headings under Miscellaneous include:  Financial notes and documents, many handwritten, 1935-1938 and undated; a conductor's balance sheet from September 1935; Operating expenses, undated; Per Diem Reclaim Mileage Records and Record of Amounts Due From and To Foreign Companies on Interline Freight Accounts, September 1935; Reports of Interline Passenger Traffic, August 1935 [one of which contains a note in the \"Remarks\" column stating \"CCC\" perhaps indicating a one way trip to Bridgewater Station for members of the Civilian Conservation Corps.]; Documents and invoices for parts and repair, indemnity releases, etc., 1955-1976; Forms from printing companies, 1928-1968; Records of purchase for forms from local printers; Receipt books, Carload Traffic Received, Automobile Expenses Records, Forecast Statement, N\u0026W strike letter, 3.5 acre lease letter to Virginia Electric and Power Company, 1975-1980; Staunton Textile Corporation and Celanese Corporation, 1934-1955; Miscellaneous Correspondence, freight bills, account information, etc. and Exxon records, 1974-1976.","Series 6: Publications, 1963-1977, include copies of  Bullinger's Postal and Shipper's Guide for the US and Canada , 1963, which lists shipping rates, distances, etc. and  Standard Transportation Commodity Code Tariff No. 1-E , November 15, 1977.","Series 7: Blueprints and Schematics, 1951-1979, contains the oversize materials:  a blueprint of the railway line from 1951 and diagrams of electircal gates and signal wiring, 1961-1979."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. Privacy protected information may be revealed during use of this collection. Researchers agree to make no notes or other recordation of privacy protected information if found within this collection, and further agree not to publish or disclose such information for any purpose. Researchers agree to alert Special Collections staff if potentially privacy protected information is found within this collection. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. Privacy protected information may be revealed during use of this collection. Researchers agree to make no notes or other recordation of privacy protected information if found within this collection, and further agree not to publish or disclose such information for any purpose. Researchers agree to alert Special Collections staff if potentially privacy protected information is found within this collection. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_57e226aed1de81b0112cfbe25b7f1b76\"\u003eThe Chespeake Western Railway Company Records, 1916-1982, are comprised of 24.36 cubic feet of records pertaining to the administrative and business activities of a small Shenandoah Valley railroad through the period of America's Great Depression and up to the CW's eventual acquisition by the Norfolk Southern Railway Corporation.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Chespeake Western Railway Company Records, 1916-1982, are comprised of 24.36 cubic feet of records pertaining to the administrative and business activities of a small Shenandoah Valley railroad through the period of America's Great Depression and up to the CW's eventual acquisition by the Norfolk Southern Railway Corporation."],"names_coll_ssim":["Norfolk Southern Corporation","Chesapeake Western Railway","Chesapeake Beach Railway Museum","Stokes, W. E. D. (William Earl Dodge), 1852-1926","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Hyser, Raymond M., 1955-"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Chesapeake Western Railway","Chesapeake Beach Railway Museum","Norfolk Southern Corporation","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Hyser, Raymond M., 1955-","Stokes, W. E. D. (William Earl Dodge), 1852-1926"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Chesapeake Western Railway","Chesapeake Beach Railway Museum","Norfolk Southern Corporation"],"persname_ssim":["Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Hyser, Raymond M., 1955-","Stokes, W. E. D. (William Earl Dodge), 1852-1926"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":461,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:24:20.538Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_466","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_466","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_466","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_466","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_466.xml","title_ssm":["Chesapeake Western Railway Company Records"],"title_tesim":["Chesapeake Western Railway Company Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1916-1982"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1916-1982"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0154","/repositories/4/resources/466"],"text":["SC 0154","/repositories/4/resources/466","Chesapeake Western Railway Company Records","Elkton (Va.) -- History","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Bridgewater (Va.) -- History","Mt. Solon (Va.) -- History","Stokesville (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Industries -- Sources","Augusta County (Va.) -- Industries -- Sources","Virginia -- Economic conditions -- History -- Sources","Virginia -- Industries -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Transportation -- History -- Sources","Railroads -- Southern States -- History","Coal -- Transportation -- Southern States -- Sources","Bark -- Transportation -- Southern States -- Sources","Timber -- Transportation -- Southern States -- Sources","Poultry -- Feeding and feeds -- Transportation -- Southern States -- Sources","Railroads -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Railroads -- Virginia -- History","Letters (correspondence)","Account books","Reports","Blueprints (reprographic copies)","Personnel records","Publications (documents)","Business records","Collection is open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The collection is arranged in seven series with the largest first; then arranged further chronologically:","Personnel Records, 1929-1982 Reports, 1953-1981 Account Books, 1916-1974 Correspondence, 1976-1979 Miscellaneous Documents, 1928-1976 Publications, 1963-1977 Blueprints and Schematics, 1951-1979","Cooper, Mason Y.   Norfolk and Western's Shenandoah Line . Forest, Virginia:  Norfolk and Western Historical Society, Inc., 1998.","Cooper, Mason Y.   Norfolk and Western's Shenandoah Line .  Forest, Virginia:  Norfolk and Western Historical Society, Inc., 1998.","Hawkins, Leighman.  \"The Shortline Railroads of Virginia.\"   Virginia and the Virginia County , January 1951.","Murray, Michael S.  \"Rails Through Rockingham County:  The Chesapeake Western Story.\"   Railpace Newsmagazine , January 1985.","\"Norfolk and Western to buy Chesapeake Western.\"   Daily News-Record , July 29, 1954.","Price, Charles Grattan Jr.  The Crooked and the Weedy: A History of Virginia's Chesapeake Western Railway . Harrisonburg, Virginia: Don Mills, Inc., 1992.","Thompson, Tommy. \"Shortline.\"  Daily News-Record , April 3, 1971.","The origins of the Chesapeake Western Railway Company date back at least to 1871, when the Washington, Cincinnati \u0026 St. Louis Railroad was chartered in Virginia as a narrow-gauge railroad to run from Washington, D.C., through Elkton, Harrisonburg, and Bridgewater, Virginia to Cincinnati, Ohio. Virginians bought stock in the coporation, including many people in Rockingham County; rights of way were purchased and railbed grading began.  Like similar ventures of the time, the goals of the company never bore fruit, and work halted in 1874.","In 1892, a group of promoters including Jedediah Hotchkiss incorporated to build a railway to carry coal from West Virginia mines to Gloucester Point, Virginia. Initially called the Chesapeake, Shendun, and Western Railroad, the name was quickly changed to Chesapeake \u0026 Western Railroad. Using part of the old WC\u0026StL right-of-way, and with $150,000 from the city of Harrisonburg to ensure that the railroad would pass through it, a 26-mile single-track, standard-gauge line was completed from Elkton to Bridgewater and began operating on March 23, 1896. In the next few years, substantial C\u0026W stock was purchased by New York investor Thomas Stokes, who hoped to develop the coal mines in western Rockingham County but became mired in financial difficulties. His brother, W.E.D Stokes, purchased control of the C\u0026W and also organized a new railroad, the Tidewater and West Virginia, in 1900. The Tidewater changed its name in 1901 to the Chesapeake Western Railway, leased the CW line for 99 years, and in 1902 completed 13 miles of rail from Bridgewater to the new town of Stokesville in North River Gap. Trains carried passengers as well as freight between Elkton and Stokesville. Plans were drawn up to continue the line into West Virginia but were not implemented.","For just over a decade, Stokesville boomed as timber, tanbark, and to a much more limited extent, coal, in the area were exploited. Stokes operated the CW with offices in Harrisonburg until his death in 1926. His estate continued to operate the railway until 1938. In 1928, the line from Mount Solon to North River Gap was abandoned for financial reasons. In 1933, the nine miles from Bridgewater to Mount Solon were also dropped.  When the Stokes' heirs put the CW up for sale in 1938, Don W. Thomas, a former Norfolk \u0026 Western Railroad employee who had been the general manager of the CW since 1926, fought a bid from Japanese scrap metal buyers and bought the line. In 1943, Thomas also bought the Baltimore \u0026 Ohio's Valley Road of Virginia line which rean between Harrisonburg and Lexington. The line south of Staunton was taken up and sold for scrap, but the road between Harrisonburg and Staunton was improved and became an important link in the CW system because of the connection with the Chesapeake \u0026 Ohio Railroad at Staunton. The CW linked with the Norfolk \u0026 Western at Elkton.","In 1954, the Norfolk \u0026 Western Railroad purchased CW, but the name was retained and was operated as a separate corporation. By about 1980, however, little or no rolling stock carried the CW logo any longer. Norfolk \u0026 Western and the Southern Railway Company merged as Norfolk Southern Corporation on June 1, 1982. Not long after that merger, a five-alarm fire burned the CW office located at Chesapeake Drive in Harrisonburg on July 28, 1982, and company offices and operations were eventually absorbed by the NS. Five miles of track east of Bridgewater were removed in 1988. The CW under the control of NS serves as the Harrisonburg area's poultry feed supplier passing through the campus of James Madison University daily. ","Records represent the day to day business operation of the Chesapeake Western Railway Company through 1982. After a fire that year, records were left in the CW building on Chesapeake Drive in Harrisonburg, Virginia, and remained in that facility until 1997.","Due to the unwieldy nature of virtually off the bound ledgers, pages were removed from their covers and parceled into folders as both an aid to researchers and as a practical means to consolidate space.  The condition of some boards was also questionable with evidence of mold and pest damage. In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 4010.","The Chesapeake Western Railway Company Records, 1916-1982, consist of 24.36 cubic feet of business records pertaining to the employees, assets, and business transactions of the company. The collection is topically arranged in seven series with the largest series first; then further arranged chronologically . Series consist of Personnel Records, Reports, Account Books, Correspondence, Blueprints and Schematics, Publications, and Miscellaneous Documents.","Series 1: Personnel Records, 1929-1982, includes payrolls and time sheets with names of employees, occupations, hours, rates, payments, and dates of employment. Also included in this series are Railroad Retirement Board forms primarily from 1930 to 1973, containing employee biographical and genealogical information.","Series 2: Reports, 1953-1981, primarily is comprised of Dispatcher and Conductor reports, with information about specific trains, routes, departure times, distances and engine numbers. Dispatchers' Record of Movement of Trains, 1973-1979, and Time Return and Delay Reports, 1975-1981, list information such as:  engineers' names, train departure times, type of service, etc. Conductor Car Records and tonnage Reports include engine number, weight of trains, cargo, as well as identification of conductors and engineers on each train.  Entries for Shipping logs, 1970-1977; Traffic Analyses and other shipping records, 1973-1981, are followed by Per Diem/Mileage and Transfer Books, 1953-1970, which appear to be freight and transfer records written in abbreviated code and organized alphabetically by company name.","Series 3: Account Books, 1916-1974, contains: Interline Freight Balances; Car Services Balances; Amounts Due From and To Foreign Companies on Interline Freight Accounts; Operating Expenses and REvenues and other information including shops, engine house, bridges, agents, conductors, donations, etc.; Per Diem Reclaim Records, 1952-1973; Income Statements, 1968-1971; Records of Vouchers Released, 1955-1967; Freight Car Hires, 1943-1975, summarizing car hire, passenger and freight car mileage; and Miscellaneous accounts, 1934-1951, containing detailed information of topics organized chronologically and categorically under the following headings:  Operating Revenues, Freight Revenues, Rent from Locomotives, Miscellaneous Income, Maintenance, Transportation Improvements, and Statements for Depreciation for railway structures.  Balance in Interline Freight Accounts, 1932-1935, lists date, items, folio number, and debits with yearly balances, organized alphabetically by account name.  Car Services Balance Books, 1944-1971, record balance and payment information for interline car service accounts.  Record of Amounts Due From and To Foreign Companies on Interline Freight Accounts Journals, 1930-1944, comprise both operating expenses and revenues as well as other information.","Label on front cover of bound volume reads: Returns to Valuation Orders 7, 8, and 16, Chesapeake \u0026 Western Railroad Co., Chesapeake Western Railway, Cheswick and Harmar Railroad Co., Clarendon \u0026 Pittsford Railroad Co., Connellsville \u0026 Monongahela Railway Co.","Series 4: Correspondence, 1976-1979, is comprised of a variety of topics which include land leases, shipments, track upgrades, expense reports, and business agreements in chronological order.","Series 5: Miscellaneous Documents, 1928-1982, is comprised of eclectic pieces--many relating to previous series that would be lost among more substantial predecessors.  Headings under Miscellaneous include:  Financial notes and documents, many handwritten, 1935-1938 and undated; a conductor's balance sheet from September 1935; Operating expenses, undated; Per Diem Reclaim Mileage Records and Record of Amounts Due From and To Foreign Companies on Interline Freight Accounts, September 1935; Reports of Interline Passenger Traffic, August 1935 [one of which contains a note in the \"Remarks\" column stating \"CCC\" perhaps indicating a one way trip to Bridgewater Station for members of the Civilian Conservation Corps.]; Documents and invoices for parts and repair, indemnity releases, etc., 1955-1976; Forms from printing companies, 1928-1968; Records of purchase for forms from local printers; Receipt books, Carload Traffic Received, Automobile Expenses Records, Forecast Statement, N\u0026W strike letter, 3.5 acre lease letter to Virginia Electric and Power Company, 1975-1980; Staunton Textile Corporation and Celanese Corporation, 1934-1955; Miscellaneous Correspondence, freight bills, account information, etc. and Exxon records, 1974-1976.","Series 6: Publications, 1963-1977, include copies of  Bullinger's Postal and Shipper's Guide for the US and Canada , 1963, which lists shipping rates, distances, etc. and  Standard Transportation Commodity Code Tariff No. 1-E , November 15, 1977.","Series 7: Blueprints and Schematics, 1951-1979, contains the oversize materials:  a blueprint of the railway line from 1951 and diagrams of electircal gates and signal wiring, 1961-1979.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. Privacy protected information may be revealed during use of this collection. Researchers agree to make no notes or other recordation of privacy protected information if found within this collection, and further agree not to publish or disclose such information for any purpose. Researchers agree to alert Special Collections staff if potentially privacy protected information is found within this collection. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Chespeake Western Railway Company Records, 1916-1982, are comprised of 24.36 cubic feet of records pertaining to the administrative and business activities of a small Shenandoah Valley railroad through the period of America's Great Depression and up to the CW's eventual acquisition by the Norfolk Southern Railway Corporation.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Chesapeake Western Railway","Chesapeake Beach Railway Museum","Norfolk Southern Corporation","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Hyser, Raymond M., 1955-","Stokes, W. E. D. (William Earl Dodge), 1852-1926","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0154","/repositories/4/resources/466"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Chesapeake Western Railway Company Records"],"collection_title_tesim":["Chesapeake Western Railway Company Records"],"collection_ssim":["Chesapeake Western Railway Company Records"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Elkton (Va.) -- History","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Bridgewater (Va.) -- History","Mt. Solon (Va.) -- History","Stokesville (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Industries -- Sources","Augusta County (Va.) -- Industries -- Sources","Virginia -- Economic conditions -- History -- Sources","Virginia -- Industries -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Transportation -- History -- Sources"],"geogname_ssim":["Elkton (Va.) -- History","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Bridgewater (Va.) -- History","Mt. Solon (Va.) -- History","Stokesville (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Industries -- Sources","Augusta County (Va.) -- Industries -- Sources","Virginia -- Economic conditions -- History -- Sources","Virginia -- Industries -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Transportation -- History -- Sources"],"creator_ssm":["Chesapeake Western Railway","Chesapeake Beach Railway Museum","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Hyser, Raymond M., 1955-"],"creator_ssim":["Chesapeake Western Railway","Chesapeake Beach Railway Museum","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Hyser, Raymond M., 1955-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Hyser, Raymond M., 1955-"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Chesapeake Western Railway","Chesapeake Beach Railway Museum"],"creators_ssim":["Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Hyser, Raymond M., 1955-","Chesapeake Western Railway","Chesapeake Beach Railway Museum"],"places_ssim":["Elkton (Va.) -- History","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","Bridgewater (Va.) -- History","Mt. Solon (Va.) -- History","Stokesville (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Industries -- Sources","Augusta County (Va.) -- Industries -- Sources","Virginia -- Economic conditions -- History -- Sources","Virginia -- Industries -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Transportation -- History -- Sources"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. Privacy protected information may be revealed during use of this collection. Researchers agree to make no notes or other recordation of privacy protected information if found within this collection, and further agree not to publish or disclose such information for any purpose. Researchers agree to alert Special Collections staff if potentially privacy protected information is found within this collection. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["D.A. Brown, II Superintendent, VA Division of Norfolk Southern in Roanoke gave permission in April 1997 for JMU professors Raymond Hiser and Clarence Geier from the History and Anthropology Departments respectively to salvage records from the CW building on Chesapeake Drive in Harrisonburg, Virginia which suffered a five-alarm fire at the site on July 28, 1982. After the fire, operating records remained in the building in disarray on the floor and suffered damage by fire or water or both. Following their initial cleaning and inventory by students in History and Anthropology, the materials were transferred to Carrier Library in February 1998. In September 2018, the Chesapeake Beach Railway Museum in Chesapeake Beach, Maryland, donated one bound book: \"Returns to Valuation Orders 7, 8, and 16.\""],"access_subjects_ssim":["Railroads -- Southern States -- History","Coal -- Transportation -- Southern States -- Sources","Bark -- Transportation -- Southern States -- Sources","Timber -- Transportation -- Southern States -- Sources","Poultry -- Feeding and feeds -- Transportation -- Southern States -- Sources","Railroads -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Railroads -- Virginia -- History","Letters (correspondence)","Account books","Reports","Blueprints (reprographic copies)","Personnel records","Publications (documents)","Business records"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Railroads -- Southern States -- History","Coal -- Transportation -- Southern States -- Sources","Bark -- Transportation -- Southern States -- Sources","Timber -- Transportation -- Southern States -- Sources","Poultry -- Feeding and feeds -- Transportation -- Southern States -- Sources","Railroads -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Railroads -- Virginia -- History","Letters (correspondence)","Account books","Reports","Blueprints (reprographic copies)","Personnel records","Publications (documents)","Business records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["24.36 cubic feet 35 boxes, 1 rolled storage container"],"extent_tesim":["24.36 cubic feet 35 boxes, 1 rolled storage container"],"genreform_ssim":["Letters (correspondence)","Account books","Reports","Blueprints (reprographic copies)","Personnel records","Publications (documents)","Business records"],"date_range_isim":[1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in seven series with the largest first; then arranged further chronologically:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePersonnel Records, 1929-1982\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eReports, 1953-1981\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eAccount Books, 1916-1974\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eCorrespondence, 1976-1979\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eMiscellaneous Documents, 1928-1976\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePublications, 1963-1977\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eBlueprints and Schematics, 1951-1979\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in seven series with the largest first; then arranged further chronologically:","Personnel Records, 1929-1982 Reports, 1953-1981 Account Books, 1916-1974 Correspondence, 1976-1979 Miscellaneous Documents, 1928-1976 Publications, 1963-1977 Blueprints and Schematics, 1951-1979"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eCooper, Mason Y.  \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eNorfolk and Western's Shenandoah Line\u003c/emph\u003e. Forest, Virginia:  Norfolk and Western Historical Society, Inc., 1998.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eCooper, Mason Y.  \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eNorfolk and Western's Shenandoah Line\u003c/emph\u003e.  Forest, Virginia:  Norfolk and Western Historical Society, Inc., 1998.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eHawkins, Leighman.  \"The Shortline Railroads of Virginia.\"  \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eVirginia and the Virginia County\u003c/emph\u003e, January 1951.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eMurray, Michael S.  \"Rails Through Rockingham County:  The Chesapeake Western Story.\"  \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eRailpace Newsmagazine\u003c/emph\u003e, January 1985.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e\"Norfolk and Western to buy Chesapeake Western.\"  \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eDaily News-Record\u003c/emph\u003e, July 29, 1954.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003ePrice, Charles Grattan Jr. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Crooked and the Weedy: A History of Virginia's Chesapeake Western Railway\u003c/emph\u003e. Harrisonburg, Virginia: Don Mills, Inc., 1992.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eThompson, Tommy. \"Shortline.\" \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eDaily News-Record\u003c/emph\u003e, April 3, 1971.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Cooper, Mason Y.   Norfolk and Western's Shenandoah Line . Forest, Virginia:  Norfolk and Western Historical Society, Inc., 1998.","Cooper, Mason Y.   Norfolk and Western's Shenandoah Line .  Forest, Virginia:  Norfolk and Western Historical Society, Inc., 1998.","Hawkins, Leighman.  \"The Shortline Railroads of Virginia.\"   Virginia and the Virginia County , January 1951.","Murray, Michael S.  \"Rails Through Rockingham County:  The Chesapeake Western Story.\"   Railpace Newsmagazine , January 1985.","\"Norfolk and Western to buy Chesapeake Western.\"   Daily News-Record , July 29, 1954.","Price, Charles Grattan Jr.  The Crooked and the Weedy: A History of Virginia's Chesapeake Western Railway . Harrisonburg, Virginia: Don Mills, Inc., 1992.","Thompson, Tommy. \"Shortline.\"  Daily News-Record , April 3, 1971."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe origins of the Chesapeake Western Railway Company date back at least to 1871, when the Washington, Cincinnati \u0026amp; St. Louis Railroad was chartered in Virginia as a narrow-gauge railroad to run from Washington, D.C., through Elkton, Harrisonburg, and Bridgewater, Virginia to Cincinnati, Ohio. Virginians bought stock in the coporation, including many people in Rockingham County; rights of way were purchased and railbed grading began.  Like similar ventures of the time, the goals of the company never bore fruit, and work halted in 1874.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1892, a group of promoters including Jedediah Hotchkiss incorporated to build a railway to carry coal from West Virginia mines to Gloucester Point, Virginia. Initially called the Chesapeake, Shendun, and Western Railroad, the name was quickly changed to Chesapeake \u0026amp; Western Railroad. Using part of the old WC\u0026amp;StL right-of-way, and with $150,000 from the city of Harrisonburg to ensure that the railroad would pass through it, a 26-mile single-track, standard-gauge line was completed from Elkton to Bridgewater and began operating on March 23, 1896. In the next few years, substantial C\u0026amp;W stock was purchased by New York investor Thomas Stokes, who hoped to develop the coal mines in western Rockingham County but became mired in financial difficulties. His brother, W.E.D Stokes, purchased control of the C\u0026amp;W and also organized a new railroad, the Tidewater and West Virginia, in 1900. The Tidewater changed its name in 1901 to the Chesapeake Western Railway, leased the CW line for 99 years, and in 1902 completed 13 miles of rail from Bridgewater to the new town of Stokesville in North River Gap. Trains carried passengers as well as freight between Elkton and Stokesville. Plans were drawn up to continue the line into West Virginia but were not implemented.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor just over a decade, Stokesville boomed as timber, tanbark, and to a much more limited extent, coal, in the area were exploited. Stokes operated the CW with offices in Harrisonburg until his death in 1926. His estate continued to operate the railway until 1938. In 1928, the line from Mount Solon to North River Gap was abandoned for financial reasons. In 1933, the nine miles from Bridgewater to Mount Solon were also dropped.  When the Stokes' heirs put the CW up for sale in 1938, Don W. Thomas, a former Norfolk \u0026amp; Western Railroad employee who had been the general manager of the CW since 1926, fought a bid from Japanese scrap metal buyers and bought the line. In 1943, Thomas also bought the Baltimore \u0026amp; Ohio's Valley Road of Virginia line which rean between Harrisonburg and Lexington. The line south of Staunton was taken up and sold for scrap, but the road between Harrisonburg and Staunton was improved and became an important link in the CW system because of the connection with the Chesapeake \u0026amp; Ohio Railroad at Staunton. The CW linked with the Norfolk \u0026amp; Western at Elkton.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1954, the Norfolk \u0026amp; Western Railroad purchased CW, but the name was retained and was operated as a separate corporation. By about 1980, however, little or no rolling stock carried the CW logo any longer. Norfolk \u0026amp; Western and the Southern Railway Company merged as Norfolk Southern Corporation on June 1, 1982. Not long after that merger, a five-alarm fire burned the CW office located at Chesapeake Drive in Harrisonburg on July 28, 1982, and company offices and operations were eventually absorbed by the NS. Five miles of track east of Bridgewater were removed in 1988. The CW under the control of NS serves as the Harrisonburg area's poultry feed supplier passing through the campus of James Madison University daily. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Administrative History"],"bioghist_tesim":["The origins of the Chesapeake Western Railway Company date back at least to 1871, when the Washington, Cincinnati \u0026 St. Louis Railroad was chartered in Virginia as a narrow-gauge railroad to run from Washington, D.C., through Elkton, Harrisonburg, and Bridgewater, Virginia to Cincinnati, Ohio. Virginians bought stock in the coporation, including many people in Rockingham County; rights of way were purchased and railbed grading began.  Like similar ventures of the time, the goals of the company never bore fruit, and work halted in 1874.","In 1892, a group of promoters including Jedediah Hotchkiss incorporated to build a railway to carry coal from West Virginia mines to Gloucester Point, Virginia. Initially called the Chesapeake, Shendun, and Western Railroad, the name was quickly changed to Chesapeake \u0026 Western Railroad. Using part of the old WC\u0026StL right-of-way, and with $150,000 from the city of Harrisonburg to ensure that the railroad would pass through it, a 26-mile single-track, standard-gauge line was completed from Elkton to Bridgewater and began operating on March 23, 1896. In the next few years, substantial C\u0026W stock was purchased by New York investor Thomas Stokes, who hoped to develop the coal mines in western Rockingham County but became mired in financial difficulties. His brother, W.E.D Stokes, purchased control of the C\u0026W and also organized a new railroad, the Tidewater and West Virginia, in 1900. The Tidewater changed its name in 1901 to the Chesapeake Western Railway, leased the CW line for 99 years, and in 1902 completed 13 miles of rail from Bridgewater to the new town of Stokesville in North River Gap. Trains carried passengers as well as freight between Elkton and Stokesville. Plans were drawn up to continue the line into West Virginia but were not implemented.","For just over a decade, Stokesville boomed as timber, tanbark, and to a much more limited extent, coal, in the area were exploited. Stokes operated the CW with offices in Harrisonburg until his death in 1926. His estate continued to operate the railway until 1938. In 1928, the line from Mount Solon to North River Gap was abandoned for financial reasons. In 1933, the nine miles from Bridgewater to Mount Solon were also dropped.  When the Stokes' heirs put the CW up for sale in 1938, Don W. Thomas, a former Norfolk \u0026 Western Railroad employee who had been the general manager of the CW since 1926, fought a bid from Japanese scrap metal buyers and bought the line. In 1943, Thomas also bought the Baltimore \u0026 Ohio's Valley Road of Virginia line which rean between Harrisonburg and Lexington. The line south of Staunton was taken up and sold for scrap, but the road between Harrisonburg and Staunton was improved and became an important link in the CW system because of the connection with the Chesapeake \u0026 Ohio Railroad at Staunton. The CW linked with the Norfolk \u0026 Western at Elkton.","In 1954, the Norfolk \u0026 Western Railroad purchased CW, but the name was retained and was operated as a separate corporation. By about 1980, however, little or no rolling stock carried the CW logo any longer. Norfolk \u0026 Western and the Southern Railway Company merged as Norfolk Southern Corporation on June 1, 1982. Not long after that merger, a five-alarm fire burned the CW office located at Chesapeake Drive in Harrisonburg on July 28, 1982, and company offices and operations were eventually absorbed by the NS. Five miles of track east of Bridgewater were removed in 1988. The CW under the control of NS serves as the Harrisonburg area's poultry feed supplier passing through the campus of James Madison University daily. "],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecords represent the day to day business operation of the Chesapeake Western Railway Company through 1982. After a fire that year, records were left in the CW building on Chesapeake Drive in Harrisonburg, Virginia, and remained in that facility until 1997.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["Records represent the day to day business operation of the Chesapeake Western Railway Company through 1982. After a fire that year, records were left in the CW building on Chesapeake Drive in Harrisonburg, Virginia, and remained in that facility until 1997."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Chesapeake Western Railway Company Records, 1916-1982, SC 0154, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Chesapeake Western Railway Company Records, 1916-1982, SC 0154, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDue to the unwieldy nature of virtually off the bound ledgers, pages were removed from their covers and parceled into folders as both an aid to researchers and as a practical means to consolidate space.  The condition of some boards was also questionable with evidence of mold and pest damage. In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThis collection was previously cataloged as SC 4010.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Due to the unwieldy nature of virtually off the bound ledgers, pages were removed from their covers and parceled into folders as both an aid to researchers and as a practical means to consolidate space.  The condition of some boards was also questionable with evidence of mold and pest damage. In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 4010."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Chesapeake Western Railway Company Records, 1916-1982, consist of 24.36 cubic feet of business records pertaining to the employees, assets, and business transactions of the company. The collection is topically arranged in seven series with the largest series first; then further arranged chronologically . Series consist of Personnel Records, Reports, Account Books, Correspondence, Blueprints and Schematics, Publications, and Miscellaneous Documents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Personnel Records, 1929-1982, includes payrolls and time sheets with names of employees, occupations, hours, rates, payments, and dates of employment. Also included in this series are Railroad Retirement Board forms primarily from 1930 to 1973, containing employee biographical and genealogical information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Reports, 1953-1981, primarily is comprised of Dispatcher and Conductor reports, with information about specific trains, routes, departure times, distances and engine numbers. Dispatchers' Record of Movement of Trains, 1973-1979, and Time Return and Delay Reports, 1975-1981, list information such as:  engineers' names, train departure times, type of service, etc. Conductor Car Records and tonnage Reports include engine number, weight of trains, cargo, as well as identification of conductors and engineers on each train.  Entries for Shipping logs, 1970-1977; Traffic Analyses and other shipping records, 1973-1981, are followed by Per Diem/Mileage and Transfer Books, 1953-1970, which appear to be freight and transfer records written in abbreviated code and organized alphabetically by company name.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Account Books, 1916-1974, contains: Interline Freight Balances; Car Services Balances; Amounts Due From and To Foreign Companies on Interline Freight Accounts; Operating Expenses and REvenues and other information including shops, engine house, bridges, agents, conductors, donations, etc.; Per Diem Reclaim Records, 1952-1973; Income Statements, 1968-1971; Records of Vouchers Released, 1955-1967; Freight Car Hires, 1943-1975, summarizing car hire, passenger and freight car mileage; and Miscellaneous accounts, 1934-1951, containing detailed information of topics organized chronologically and categorically under the following headings:  Operating Revenues, Freight Revenues, Rent from Locomotives, Miscellaneous Income, Maintenance, Transportation Improvements, and Statements for Depreciation for railway structures.  Balance in Interline Freight Accounts, 1932-1935, lists date, items, folio number, and debits with yearly balances, organized alphabetically by account name.  Car Services Balance Books, 1944-1971, record balance and payment information for interline car service accounts.  Record of Amounts Due From and To Foreign Companies on Interline Freight Accounts Journals, 1930-1944, comprise both operating expenses and revenues as well as other information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLabel on front cover of bound volume reads: Returns to Valuation Orders 7, 8, and 16, Chesapeake \u0026amp; Western Railroad Co., Chesapeake Western Railway, Cheswick and Harmar Railroad Co., Clarendon \u0026amp; Pittsford Railroad Co., Connellsville \u0026amp; Monongahela Railway Co.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Correspondence, 1976-1979, is comprised of a variety of topics which include land leases, shipments, track upgrades, expense reports, and business agreements in chronological order.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Miscellaneous Documents, 1928-1982, is comprised of eclectic pieces--many relating to previous series that would be lost among more substantial predecessors.  Headings under Miscellaneous include:  Financial notes and documents, many handwritten, 1935-1938 and undated; a conductor's balance sheet from September 1935; Operating expenses, undated; Per Diem Reclaim Mileage Records and Record of Amounts Due From and To Foreign Companies on Interline Freight Accounts, September 1935; Reports of Interline Passenger Traffic, August 1935 [one of which contains a note in the \"Remarks\" column stating \"CCC\" perhaps indicating a one way trip to Bridgewater Station for members of the Civilian Conservation Corps.]; Documents and invoices for parts and repair, indemnity releases, etc., 1955-1976; Forms from printing companies, 1928-1968; Records of purchase for forms from local printers; Receipt books, Carload Traffic Received, Automobile Expenses Records, Forecast Statement, N\u0026amp;W strike letter, 3.5 acre lease letter to Virginia Electric and Power Company, 1975-1980; Staunton Textile Corporation and Celanese Corporation, 1934-1955; Miscellaneous Correspondence, freight bills, account information, etc. and Exxon records, 1974-1976.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6: Publications, 1963-1977, include copies of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBullinger's Postal and Shipper's Guide for the US and Canada\u003c/emph\u003e, 1963, which lists shipping rates, distances, etc. and \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eStandard Transportation Commodity Code Tariff No. 1-E\u003c/emph\u003e, November 15, 1977.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 7: Blueprints and Schematics, 1951-1979, contains the oversize materials:  a blueprint of the railway line from 1951 and diagrams of electircal gates and signal wiring, 1961-1979.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Chesapeake Western Railway Company Records, 1916-1982, consist of 24.36 cubic feet of business records pertaining to the employees, assets, and business transactions of the company. The collection is topically arranged in seven series with the largest series first; then further arranged chronologically . Series consist of Personnel Records, Reports, Account Books, Correspondence, Blueprints and Schematics, Publications, and Miscellaneous Documents.","Series 1: Personnel Records, 1929-1982, includes payrolls and time sheets with names of employees, occupations, hours, rates, payments, and dates of employment. Also included in this series are Railroad Retirement Board forms primarily from 1930 to 1973, containing employee biographical and genealogical information.","Series 2: Reports, 1953-1981, primarily is comprised of Dispatcher and Conductor reports, with information about specific trains, routes, departure times, distances and engine numbers. Dispatchers' Record of Movement of Trains, 1973-1979, and Time Return and Delay Reports, 1975-1981, list information such as:  engineers' names, train departure times, type of service, etc. Conductor Car Records and tonnage Reports include engine number, weight of trains, cargo, as well as identification of conductors and engineers on each train.  Entries for Shipping logs, 1970-1977; Traffic Analyses and other shipping records, 1973-1981, are followed by Per Diem/Mileage and Transfer Books, 1953-1970, which appear to be freight and transfer records written in abbreviated code and organized alphabetically by company name.","Series 3: Account Books, 1916-1974, contains: Interline Freight Balances; Car Services Balances; Amounts Due From and To Foreign Companies on Interline Freight Accounts; Operating Expenses and REvenues and other information including shops, engine house, bridges, agents, conductors, donations, etc.; Per Diem Reclaim Records, 1952-1973; Income Statements, 1968-1971; Records of Vouchers Released, 1955-1967; Freight Car Hires, 1943-1975, summarizing car hire, passenger and freight car mileage; and Miscellaneous accounts, 1934-1951, containing detailed information of topics organized chronologically and categorically under the following headings:  Operating Revenues, Freight Revenues, Rent from Locomotives, Miscellaneous Income, Maintenance, Transportation Improvements, and Statements for Depreciation for railway structures.  Balance in Interline Freight Accounts, 1932-1935, lists date, items, folio number, and debits with yearly balances, organized alphabetically by account name.  Car Services Balance Books, 1944-1971, record balance and payment information for interline car service accounts.  Record of Amounts Due From and To Foreign Companies on Interline Freight Accounts Journals, 1930-1944, comprise both operating expenses and revenues as well as other information.","Label on front cover of bound volume reads: Returns to Valuation Orders 7, 8, and 16, Chesapeake \u0026 Western Railroad Co., Chesapeake Western Railway, Cheswick and Harmar Railroad Co., Clarendon \u0026 Pittsford Railroad Co., Connellsville \u0026 Monongahela Railway Co.","Series 4: Correspondence, 1976-1979, is comprised of a variety of topics which include land leases, shipments, track upgrades, expense reports, and business agreements in chronological order.","Series 5: Miscellaneous Documents, 1928-1982, is comprised of eclectic pieces--many relating to previous series that would be lost among more substantial predecessors.  Headings under Miscellaneous include:  Financial notes and documents, many handwritten, 1935-1938 and undated; a conductor's balance sheet from September 1935; Operating expenses, undated; Per Diem Reclaim Mileage Records and Record of Amounts Due From and To Foreign Companies on Interline Freight Accounts, September 1935; Reports of Interline Passenger Traffic, August 1935 [one of which contains a note in the \"Remarks\" column stating \"CCC\" perhaps indicating a one way trip to Bridgewater Station for members of the Civilian Conservation Corps.]; Documents and invoices for parts and repair, indemnity releases, etc., 1955-1976; Forms from printing companies, 1928-1968; Records of purchase for forms from local printers; Receipt books, Carload Traffic Received, Automobile Expenses Records, Forecast Statement, N\u0026W strike letter, 3.5 acre lease letter to Virginia Electric and Power Company, 1975-1980; Staunton Textile Corporation and Celanese Corporation, 1934-1955; Miscellaneous Correspondence, freight bills, account information, etc. and Exxon records, 1974-1976.","Series 6: Publications, 1963-1977, include copies of  Bullinger's Postal and Shipper's Guide for the US and Canada , 1963, which lists shipping rates, distances, etc. and  Standard Transportation Commodity Code Tariff No. 1-E , November 15, 1977.","Series 7: Blueprints and Schematics, 1951-1979, contains the oversize materials:  a blueprint of the railway line from 1951 and diagrams of electircal gates and signal wiring, 1961-1979."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. Privacy protected information may be revealed during use of this collection. Researchers agree to make no notes or other recordation of privacy protected information if found within this collection, and further agree not to publish or disclose such information for any purpose. Researchers agree to alert Special Collections staff if potentially privacy protected information is found within this collection. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. Privacy protected information may be revealed during use of this collection. Researchers agree to make no notes or other recordation of privacy protected information if found within this collection, and further agree not to publish or disclose such information for any purpose. Researchers agree to alert Special Collections staff if potentially privacy protected information is found within this collection. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_57e226aed1de81b0112cfbe25b7f1b76\"\u003eThe Chespeake Western Railway Company Records, 1916-1982, are comprised of 24.36 cubic feet of records pertaining to the administrative and business activities of a small Shenandoah Valley railroad through the period of America's Great Depression and up to the CW's eventual acquisition by the Norfolk Southern Railway Corporation.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Chespeake Western Railway Company Records, 1916-1982, are comprised of 24.36 cubic feet of records pertaining to the administrative and business activities of a small Shenandoah Valley railroad through the period of America's Great Depression and up to the CW's eventual acquisition by the Norfolk Southern Railway Corporation."],"names_coll_ssim":["Norfolk Southern Corporation","Chesapeake Western Railway","Chesapeake Beach Railway Museum","Stokes, W. E. D. (William Earl Dodge), 1852-1926","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Hyser, Raymond M., 1955-"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Chesapeake Western Railway","Chesapeake Beach Railway Museum","Norfolk Southern Corporation","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Hyser, Raymond M., 1955-","Stokes, W. E. D. (William Earl Dodge), 1852-1926"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Chesapeake Western Railway","Chesapeake Beach Railway Museum","Norfolk Southern Corporation"],"persname_ssim":["Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Hyser, Raymond M., 1955-","Stokes, W. E. D. (William Earl Dodge), 1852-1926"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":461,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:24:20.538Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_466"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_533_c02_c02_c10","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Clarence R. Geier, What Went Ye Into the Wilderness to See? Military Fortification and Troop Deployment at Fort Edward Johnson, Shenandoah Mountain, April 1862","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_533_c02_c02_c10#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_533_c02_c02_c10","ref_ssm":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_533_c02_c02_c10"],"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_533_c02_c02_c10","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_533","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_533","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_533_c02_c02","parent_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_533_c02_c02","parent_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_533","vihart_repositories_4_resources_533_c02","vihart_repositories_4_resources_533_c02_c02"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_533","vihart_repositories_4_resources_533_c02","vihart_repositories_4_resources_533_c02_c02"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records","Papers","Papers"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records","Papers","Papers"],"text":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records","Papers","Papers","Clarence R. Geier, What Went Ye Into the Wilderness to See? Military Fortification and Troop Deployment at Fort Edward Johnson, Shenandoah Mountain, April 1862","Johnson, Edward, 1816-1873","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Johnson, Edward, 1816-1873","Shenandoah Valley Campaign, 1862","box 2","folder 22"],"title_filing_ssi":"Clarence R. Geier, What Went Ye Into the Wilderness to See? Military Fortification and Troop Deployment at Fort Edward Johnson, Shenandoah Mountain, April 1862","title_ssm":["Clarence R. Geier, What Went Ye Into the Wilderness to See? Military Fortification and Troop Deployment at Fort Edward Johnson, Shenandoah Mountain, April 1862"],"title_tesim":["Clarence R. Geier, What Went Ye Into the Wilderness to See? Military Fortification and Troop Deployment at Fort Edward Johnson, Shenandoah Mountain, April 1862"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1999 October 15"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1999"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Clarence R. Geier, What Went Ye Into the Wilderness to See? Military Fortification and Troop Deployment at Fort Edward Johnson, Shenandoah Mountain, April 1862"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"collection_ssim":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records"],"creator_ssim":["Geier, Clarence R., 1944-"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":47,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. The authors retain the copyrights on their papers. The user is responsible to obtain clearance from the copyright holder for permission to use any materials in excess of fair use.For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"date_range_isim":[1999],"names_ssim":["Johnson, Edward, 1816-1873","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Johnson, Edward, 1816-1873"],"persname_ssim":["Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Johnson, Edward, 1816-1873"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Shenandoah Valley Campaign, 1862"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Shenandoah Valley Campaign, 1862"],"containers_ssim":["box 2","folder 22"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#1/components#9","timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:21:18.584Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_533","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_533","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_533","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_533","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_533.xml","title_ssm":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records"],"title_tesim":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1990-2009"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1990-2009"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0205","/repositories/4/resources/533"],"text":["SC 0205","/repositories/4/resources/533","Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The collection is arranged into two series. Series 1 is arranged chronologically by academic year. Series 2 is arranged into subseries according to academic year and arranged further alphabetically by author's surname.","Administrative Records, 1995-2009 Papers, 1990-2009","The Shenandoah Regional Studies Seminar (SVRSS) has been held during the academic year since 1988, usually at James Madison University. Papers presented have covered a wide range of historical and regional subjects from colonial developments to the details of rural life in the twentieth century. The primary goal of SVRSS has been to provide an informed and interested audience for scholars from a variety of fields such as history, archaeology, geography, folklore, and ethnography. SVRSS provides a regular forum for scholars and attendees at which to consider topics of regional interest, pertinent, but not restricted, to the Shenandoah Valley. SVRSS met monthly during the academic year, at least through the spring of 2017. Beginning in the fall of 2017, the schedule and location of SVRSS became less concrete with lectures occurring just once per semester at the Frontier Culture Museum in Stauton, Virginia.","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018.   This collection was previously cataloged as SC 5027 .","Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Collection, Handley Regional Library, Winchester, VA.","The Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records, 1990-2009, includes administrative records and scholarly papers organized by academic year. Some years represented in the collection have limited contents. The bulk of the collection consists of material that was distributed to a select group, likely previous SVRSS attendees and other interested persons, before a presentation. These materials generally include a copy of an academic paper with information on the presenter. The collection includes files for most of the presentations from 1995 to 2009. Additional SVRSS papers were collected prior to 1995 (and prior to the donation) by the then Special Collections Librarian. These papers were added to the collection.","Describes the history of Virginia's mineral springs and their impact on early road construction and wagon design. Discusses road travel conditions in Virginia in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Mentions construction of the Cumberland Road, also known as the Old National Road, one of the first improved interstate highways, built by the U.S. government between 1811 and 1839. Traces the evolution of transportation from the earliest wagons to the Concord Coach.","With \"Political Moderation as an Anglo-American Ideology\"","Short description of project only","With CV","Describes the difficulties encountered by early German settlers to the Shenandoah Valley in the 18th and 19th centuries. German immigrant groups, such as the Pennsylvania Dutch, were often located on scattered, isolated farms, without the means to form or maintain their traditional religious institutions. Protestant sects, such as the Lutherans, Presbyterians, Mennonites, and Pietists, often lacked the numbers or financial ability to support churches or clergy. Describes the problem of itinerant, unordained preachers taking advantage of isolated communities. Comments on those immigrants who, through their increasing contact with English-speaking Scots-Irish neighbors, left the German sects for the better established English churches.","With published copy in \"Pennsylvania History\" 2001.","Socio-economic research on the Swift Run Gap (Va.) community during the 1920s-1930s, whose boundaries bordered those of the Shenandoah National Park. Includes study of the economic conditions in the area that later became park land and the reactions of local people to the prospect of the park, the selling of their land, and concerns once the park was established. This paper appears to be part of on-going research on the topic, and provides preliminary data supporting the theory that the people, their prosperity, and farming techniques were more diverse and of a higher standard than previously indicated.","Several chapters from her dissertation only","Thesis chapter only","This paper presents the view that slavery played a more active and important role in the historical development of the central Shenandoah Valley than previously perceived and recorded by such historians as John Wayland and Harry M. Strickler. Records recent research which documents the active role of African-Americans in such areas as iron-making (ex: the Shenandoah Iron Works), grain farming and other related occupations, using 1850 census figures. Mentions names of prominent wealthy slave-owning families and the impact of Mennonite and Dunker anti-slavery influences. Cites from the memoirs of Bethany Veney, a slave women who lived in antebellum Page County, Virginia.","With CV","With CV","Video script with abstract and 2 CVs","Includes timeline and pictures","With CV","With CV","With CV","With CV","With CV statement","Describes a number of cookbooks, handbooks, and home economics guides produced in the South between 1850 and 1865 directed primarily at housewives. With the onset of shortages caused by the Civil War, these books focused on conservation and substitutes for common foods and medicines. Discusses a botanical field manual, commissioned by Surgeon General of the Confederacy, which describes edible and medicinal plants found growing wild throughout the South. Describes the economic and social aspects of life in several Virginia communities as the war brought increased shortages and hardship.","Discusses the growth of the Baptist movement in colonial America and regional differences between Baptists in Virginia that still exist to this day. Includes references to the Separatists and Regulars; a chart showing Baptist origins; a list of regional 18th century Baptist churches in and near the Valley; and an annotated list of \"important Baptist clergy during the formative period.\"","With CV","Discusses the efforts of Rufus W. Bailey, an agent for the African Colonization Society agent in Virginia (primarily in Augusta and Rockbridge counties) to resettle African Americans in Liberia, Africa, from 1847-1851. Records tactics used to convince families to leave, etc.","With abstract","With abstract","With update to Figure 11","With CV","With copy containing handwritten note and CV","With abstract","With abstract and envelope containing note and computer disk","With abstract","With emailed abstract","With abstract","With abstract","With CV and emailed abstract","With abstract","PowerPoint slides with CV","Describes the author's 2004 walking tour of Virginia, focusing on the section of the Shenandoah Valley from Harrisonburg to Natural Bridge. Includes historical notes on the earliest European explorers and settlers in the region.","With CV","Emailed abstract only","Published article with presentation abstract","University of New Hampshire thesis","PowerPoint slides, exhibit brochure, and CD","Describes daily life in the 19th century in a number of Virginia counties, including Rockingham, Augusta, and Rockbridge Counties, with a focus on how ordinary people spent their free time. Numerous references to community activities such as quilting bees, corn huskings, singings, sleigh rides, dances, weddings, and funerals. Also describes several anti-social behaviors, usually alcohol related, ranging from vagrancy to murder, which were reported in many towns throughout the region. Briefly mentions the growth of local temperance movements at mid-century. Draws heavily on diary entries by local citizens, especially that of Isaac Acker.","With abstract","Describes the social customs and attitudes surrounding the keeping of pets in eighteenth and early nineteenth century Virginia. Comments on the social status and gender role aspects attributed to keeping particular pets. Discusses a wide variety of animals, beyond common cats and dogs, that were kept as pets, such as squirrels, hummingbirds, mockingbirds, cranes, and deer. Includes pet-related anecdotes by and about such famous Virginians as George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, William Byrd, Fannie Kemble, and Landon Carter.","With abstract","With emailed abstract","Project proposal only","Describes the history of Avtex Fibers, Inc., a major defense materials manufacturer, located in Front Royal, Virginia. Founded in 1937, by the American Viscose Corporation, (AVC), the plant produced numerous rayon-based products for the U.S. government during World War II. In the post-war years the company was sold to the Food Machines Corporation, (FMC), in 1963, which produced materials for the Space Program and the aerospace industry. The Avtex Fibers bought the company in 1976, but within a decade, highly toxic waste disposal problems landed the company on the federal Superfund cleanup list. Citing numerous violations of the federal Environmental Protection Act and Virginia Water Control legislation, the facility was summarily closed by state officials in 1989. Environmental clean up efforts over the following decade have rehabilitated the 300 acre site to the point where local and state authorities can contemplate the future of this controversial Virginia landmark.","With emailed abstract","With emailed abstract","Emailed abstract only","Abstract only","With book abstract","PowerPoint slides and 2 CDs","With abstract","With abstract","With ephemera (moved to Administrative Records 2007) and emailed biography","Thesis with abstract and emailed biography","With abstract","Describes the aftermath of John Brown's raid on the United States arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia, in 1859. Brown was later apprehended, tried, and sentenced to hang on December 2, 1859, at Charles Town, Virginia. Documents the life and theatrical career of John Wilkes Booth, who would assassinate President Abraham Lincoln in 1865. Recounts Booth's journey to Charles Town in 1859, with several Richmond, Virginia militia companies comprising part of the security detail at Brown's execution. Discusses possible psychological effects the execution may have had on Booth, and similarities between Brown's actions at Harpers Ferry and Booth's assassination of Lincoln.","Contains email re: paper not to be copied/distributed until Dr. Alford's book publication","Describes common religious customs and traditions related to Easter and Holy Week observations that have their origins in Germanic culture. Defines the significance of the days of Holy Week, including Shrove Tuesday, Ash Wednesday, Maundy Thursday, and Good Friday, as well as the customs and folklore associated with each day. Traces the origins of various Easter symbols to pre-Christian Germanic folklore and post-Reformation religious edicts. Describes how German immigrant groups, such as the Pennsylvania Dutch, brought these customs and beliefs to America in the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries.","Describes the importance of roads and their affect on the architecture of farms and homes throughout the Shenandoah Valley in the 18th and 19th centuries. Discusses how improved roads allowed rural Virginians to transport their produce to centralized markets, such as Winchester, Virginia. Improved markets caused a transition from a barter-based system to a capitalist market economy. Describes how that transition affected archictecture, land use, and community life in the Shenandoah Valley; particularly in the Winchester and Frederick County regions.","Discusses the Evangelical movement and its consequences among various German religious groups in the Shenandoah Valley. Describes the discussions that took place concerning such issues as pluralism, democracy, salvation and the position of churches towards slavery. Many leading local pastors and ministers are mentioned.","Records the experiences of Emanuel Suter and his efforts to introduce innovations into his pottery business, local farms, and the Mennonite Church in the latter half of the 19th century. Discusses his introduction of new pottery firing techniques and farm machinery, as well as his attempts to reform church rules regarding the calling of ministers. Describes Suter's successful efforts toward instituting sunday schools in the Shenandoah Valley. Concludes with comments on Suter's progressive views, both secular and spiritual; many of which became commonplace in the 20th century.","Describes the history of freight wagons in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia in the 18th and 19th centuries. Compares the characteristics and construction techniques used on a number of Virginia-made wagons to those made in Pennsylvania, more commonly known as Conestoga wagons. Includes two charts and a glossary of technical terms.","Describes the founding and operation of the Mossy Creek Iron Works, in Augusta County, Virginia. The mill was built in the mid-1770s by Henry Miller and his partner, Mark Bird. Discusses the variety of iron products produced by the mill, as well as ancillary commodities produced by Miller on the property. In addition to pig and bar iron, Miller's facilities also produced specialty steel, charcoal, paper, flour, beef, and a variety of animal products. Describes financial transactions with customers, such as James Madison, then a colonel in the Orange County militia, and several lawsuits involving Miller and his neighbors. Mentions Millers use of slaves and indentured servants as laborers, and briefly mentions his father's and sons' involvement in the business.","Describes the history of the Mennonite Church in Virginia in the 19th century with a focus on schisms arising between traditionalists and progressives. Outlines the controversies surrounding Mennonite pacifist doctrine during the Civil War. Mentions internal church debates over adopting a standardized style of dress for its members. Discusses the careers of notable Mennonite leaders and evangelical preachers such as George R. Brunk, John F. Funk, L.J. Heatwole, and J.B. Smith. Describes the founding of Goshen College in Indiana, as one of the first Mennonite colleges, and the doctrinal controversies at the college that led to the founding of the Eastern Mennonite School, (later Eastern Mennonite University), in Harrisonburg, Virginia.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. The authors retain the copyrights on their papers. The user is responsible to obtain clearance from the copyright holder for permission to use any materials in excess of fair use.For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","This collection consists of administrative records and papers by scholars from colleges, libraries and other institutions for the monthly presentations of the Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar (SVRSS). The collection contains financial records, announcements, correspondence, information about presenters, and academic papers.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar","Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar -- Records and correspondence","Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar -- History -- Sources","Houck Tannery (Harrisonburg, Va.)","Western State Hospital (Va.)","American Colonization Society","Avtex Fibers Inc.","American Viscose Corporation","Food Machinery Corporation","Browning, Joan C.","Calhoon, Robert M. (Robert McCluer)","Costa, Thomas M. (Thomas Michael), 1953-","Denkler, Ann, 1965-","Devine, Christine Styrna","Flippen, J. Brooks, 1959-","Fordney, Ben Fuller, 1931-2016","Schofield, John McAllister, 1831-1906","Stoneman, George, 1822-1894","Frantz, John B.","Hanson, Timothy Richard","Herrin, Dean A., 1958-","Hoepfner, Christine, -2018","Holman, Andrew C. (Andrew Carl), 1965-","Horning, Audrey J.","Hsiung, David C., 1961-","Kiracofe, David","McCleary, Ann, 1954-","Mouer, L. Daniel","Phipps, Sheila R., 1948-","Simmons, Susanne","Sorrells, Nancy T.","Bailey, Bea","Ballard, Charles C.","Veney, Bethany","Bolgiano, Chris","Boyer, Leila O. W.","Bruggeman, Seth C., 1975-","Crothers, A. Glenn","Dillard, Philip D.","Sheridan, Philip Henry, 1831-1888","Fea, John","Fithian, Philip Vickers, 1747-1776","Ferguson, Jamie L.","Stribling, Francis T. (Francis Taliaferro), 1810-1874","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Johnson, Edward, 1816-1873","Gilliam, George H.","Thomas, William G., 1964-","Grant, Philip A., 1933-","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","Harter, Dale F.","Harris, John T. (John Thomas), 1823-1899","Harter, Kevin L.","Heatwole, John L., 1948-2006","Hizer, Trenton E., 1963-","Keller, Christian B.","Longenecker, Stephen L., 1951-","McDermott, Paul D.","Spangler, Jewel L., 1961-","Torisky, Danielle","Whitehorne, Joseph W. A., 1943-","Berkey, Jonathan M.","Eslinger, Ellen, 1956-2018","Bailey, Rufus William, 1793-1863","Gomery, Douglas","Hack, Timothy","Hardwick, Kevin R., 1961-","Nicholson, Francis, 1655-1728","Hofstra, Warren R., 1947-","Kincheloe, John C. (John Charles)","Koons, Kenneth E.","Long, Creston S.","Maass, John R.","Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826","Greene, Nathanael, 1742-1786","Miller, Charles A. (Charles Allen), 1937-2019","Glasgow, Ellen, 1873-1945","Nelson, Lynn A., 1967-","Redick, Kip","Redmond, Edward James, 1962-2021","Washington, George, 1732-1799","Schneider, Stacey L.","Spero, Patrick","Stickley, Dan","Wineman, Bradford Alexander, 1977-","Bell, Alison","Galke, Laura J.","Christoffel, Thomas J.","Clabough, Casey, 1974-","Curtis, Christopher Michael","Faulkner, Charles James, 1806-1884","Fleek, Sherman L.","Grizzard, Frank E., 1954-","Washington, George, 1732-1799. (Title of work: Papers of George Washington.)","Henry, Mary Ellen","Kiefer, Anna Elizabeth","Kiefer, Geraldine W. (Geraldine Wojno)","Acker, Isaac, 1832-1908","Lekavich, Greg","Meacham, Sarah Hand, 1972-","Byrd, William, 1674-1744","Kemble, Fanny, 1809-1893","Carter, Landon, 1710-1778","Mendelsohn, Betsy Thomas","Smith, Byron C.","Suter, Scott Hamilton","Thompson, George F.","Tisinger, Catherine A.","Dodenhoff, Donna","Ghant, Walter","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Wilson, U. G. (Ulysses Grant), 1866-1943","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Webb, Roberta Morgan, 1889-1990","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","Foreman, Michael Marcellus, 1941-2012","Cline, Patsy, 1932-1963","Joyner, Wesley T.","Francisco, Peter, 1760-1831","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Olson, Ted","Ping, Laura J.","Trogdon, Matthew J.","Alford, Terry","Booth, John Wilkes, 1838-1865","Hill, Lisa","Suter, Emanuel, 1833-1902","Terry, Gail S.","Vineyard, John R.","Wilson, James W.","Yoder, Nathan E., 1955-2020","Brunk, George R. (George Reuben), 1871-1938","Funk, John F. (John Fretz), 1835-1930","Heatwole, L. J. (Lewis James), 1852-1932","Smith, J. B. (Jacob Brubaker), 1870-1951","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0205","/repositories/4/resources/533"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records"],"collection_title_tesim":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records"],"collection_ssim":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local"],"geogname_ssim":["Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local"],"creator_ssm":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar"],"creator_ssim":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar"],"creators_ssim":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar"],"places_ssim":["Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. The authors retain the copyrights on their papers. The user is responsible to obtain clearance from the copyright holder for permission to use any materials in excess of fair use.For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was donated in 2008 by Joseph Whitehorne, one of the organizers of SVRSS and a faculty member at Lord Fairfax Community College. Several papers were added after the initial donation."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.65 cubic feet 5 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["1.65 cubic feet 5 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into two series. Series 1 is arranged chronologically by academic year. Series 2 is arranged into subseries according to academic year and arranged further alphabetically by author's surname.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eAdministrative Records, 1995-2009\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePapers, 1990-2009\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into two series. Series 1 is arranged chronologically by academic year. Series 2 is arranged into subseries according to academic year and arranged further alphabetically by author's surname.","Administrative Records, 1995-2009 Papers, 1990-2009"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Shenandoah Regional Studies Seminar (SVRSS) has been held during the academic year since 1988, usually at James Madison University. Papers presented have covered a wide range of historical and regional subjects from colonial developments to the details of rural life in the twentieth century. The primary goal of SVRSS has been to provide an informed and interested audience for scholars from a variety of fields such as history, archaeology, geography, folklore, and ethnography. SVRSS provides a regular forum for scholars and attendees at which to consider topics of regional interest, pertinent, but not restricted, to the Shenandoah Valley. SVRSS met monthly during the academic year, at least through the spring of 2017. Beginning in the fall of 2017, the schedule and location of SVRSS became less concrete with lectures occurring just once per semester at the Frontier Culture Museum in Stauton, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Administrative History"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Shenandoah Regional Studies Seminar (SVRSS) has been held during the academic year since 1988, usually at James Madison University. Papers presented have covered a wide range of historical and regional subjects from colonial developments to the details of rural life in the twentieth century. The primary goal of SVRSS has been to provide an informed and interested audience for scholars from a variety of fields such as history, archaeology, geography, folklore, and ethnography. SVRSS provides a regular forum for scholars and attendees at which to consider topics of regional interest, pertinent, but not restricted, to the Shenandoah Valley. SVRSS met monthly during the academic year, at least through the spring of 2017. Beginning in the fall of 2017, the schedule and location of SVRSS became less concrete with lectures occurring just once per semester at the Frontier Culture Museum in Stauton, Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records, 1990-2009, SC 0205, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records, 1990-2009, SC 0205, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003e This collection was previously cataloged as SC 5027\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018.   This collection was previously cataloged as SC 5027 ."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eShenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Collection, Handley Regional Library, Winchester, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Collection, Handley Regional Library, Winchester, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records, 1990-2009, includes administrative records and scholarly papers organized by academic year. Some years represented in the collection have limited contents. The bulk of the collection consists of material that was distributed to a select group, likely previous SVRSS attendees and other interested persons, before a presentation. These materials generally include a copy of an academic paper with information on the presenter. The collection includes files for most of the presentations from 1995 to 2009. Additional SVRSS papers were collected prior to 1995 (and prior to the donation) by the then Special Collections Librarian. These papers were added to the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes the history of Virginia's mineral springs and their impact on early road construction and wagon design. Discusses road travel conditions in Virginia in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Mentions construction of the Cumberland Road, also known as the Old National Road, one of the first improved interstate highways, built by the U.S. government between 1811 and 1839. Traces the evolution of transportation from the earliest wagons to the Concord Coach.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith \"Political Moderation as an Anglo-American Ideology\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShort description of project only\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith CV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes the difficulties encountered by early German settlers to the Shenandoah Valley in the 18th and 19th centuries. German immigrant groups, such as the Pennsylvania Dutch, were often located on scattered, isolated farms, without the means to form or maintain their traditional religious institutions. Protestant sects, such as the Lutherans, Presbyterians, Mennonites, and Pietists, often lacked the numbers or financial ability to support churches or clergy. Describes the problem of itinerant, unordained preachers taking advantage of isolated communities. Comments on those immigrants who, through their increasing contact with English-speaking Scots-Irish neighbors, left the German sects for the better established English churches.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWith published copy in \"Pennsylvania History\" 2001.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSocio-economic research on the Swift Run Gap (Va.) community during the 1920s-1930s, whose boundaries bordered those of the Shenandoah National Park. Includes study of the economic conditions in the area that later became park land and the reactions of local people to the prospect of the park, the selling of their land, and concerns once the park was established. This paper appears to be part of on-going research on the topic, and provides preliminary data supporting the theory that the people, their prosperity, and farming techniques were more diverse and of a higher standard than previously indicated.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeveral chapters from her dissertation only\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThesis chapter only\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis paper presents the view that slavery played a more active and important role in the historical development of the central Shenandoah Valley than previously perceived and recorded by such historians as John Wayland and Harry M. Strickler. Records recent research which documents the active role of African-Americans in such areas as iron-making (ex: the Shenandoah Iron Works), grain farming and other related occupations, using 1850 census figures. Mentions names of prominent wealthy slave-owning families and the impact of Mennonite and Dunker anti-slavery influences. Cites from the memoirs of Bethany Veney, a slave women who lived in antebellum Page County, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith CV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith CV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVideo script with abstract and 2 CVs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes timeline and pictures\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith CV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith CV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith CV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith CV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith CV statement\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes a number of cookbooks, handbooks, and home economics guides produced in the South between 1850 and 1865 directed primarily at housewives. With the onset of shortages caused by the Civil War, these books focused on conservation and substitutes for common foods and medicines. Discusses a botanical field manual, commissioned by Surgeon General of the Confederacy, which describes edible and medicinal plants found growing wild throughout the South. Describes the economic and social aspects of life in several Virginia communities as the war brought increased shortages and hardship.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDiscusses the growth of the Baptist movement in colonial America and regional differences between Baptists in Virginia that still exist to this day. Includes references to the Separatists and Regulars; a chart showing Baptist origins; a list of regional 18th century Baptist churches in and near the Valley; and an annotated list of \"important Baptist clergy during the formative period.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith CV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDiscusses the efforts of Rufus W. Bailey, an agent for the African Colonization Society agent in Virginia (primarily in Augusta and Rockbridge counties) to resettle African Americans in Liberia, Africa, from 1847-1851. Records tactics used to convince families to leave, etc.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith update to Figure 11\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith CV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith copy containing handwritten note and CV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract and envelope containing note and computer disk\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith emailed abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith CV and emailed abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePowerPoint slides with CV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes the author's 2004 walking tour of Virginia, focusing on the section of the Shenandoah Valley from Harrisonburg to Natural Bridge. Includes historical notes on the earliest European explorers and settlers in the region.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith CV\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEmailed abstract only\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePublished article with presentation abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUniversity of New Hampshire thesis\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePowerPoint slides, exhibit brochure, and CD\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes daily life in the 19th century in a number of Virginia counties, including Rockingham, Augusta, and Rockbridge Counties, with a focus on how ordinary people spent their free time. Numerous references to community activities such as quilting bees, corn huskings, singings, sleigh rides, dances, weddings, and funerals. Also describes several anti-social behaviors, usually alcohol related, ranging from vagrancy to murder, which were reported in many towns throughout the region. Briefly mentions the growth of local temperance movements at mid-century. Draws heavily on diary entries by local citizens, especially that of Isaac Acker.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes the social customs and attitudes surrounding the keeping of pets in eighteenth and early nineteenth century Virginia. Comments on the social status and gender role aspects attributed to keeping particular pets. Discusses a wide variety of animals, beyond common cats and dogs, that were kept as pets, such as squirrels, hummingbirds, mockingbirds, cranes, and deer. Includes pet-related anecdotes by and about such famous Virginians as George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, William Byrd, Fannie Kemble, and Landon Carter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith emailed abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProject proposal only\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes the history of Avtex Fibers, Inc., a major defense materials manufacturer, located in Front Royal, Virginia. Founded in 1937, by the American Viscose Corporation, (AVC), the plant produced numerous rayon-based products for the U.S. government during World War II. In the post-war years the company was sold to the Food Machines Corporation, (FMC), in 1963, which produced materials for the Space Program and the aerospace industry. The Avtex Fibers bought the company in 1976, but within a decade, highly toxic waste disposal problems landed the company on the federal Superfund cleanup list. Citing numerous violations of the federal Environmental Protection Act and Virginia Water Control legislation, the facility was summarily closed by state officials in 1989. Environmental clean up efforts over the following decade have rehabilitated the 300 acre site to the point where local and state authorities can contemplate the future of this controversial Virginia landmark.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith emailed abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith emailed abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEmailed abstract only\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAbstract only\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith book abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePowerPoint slides and 2 CDs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith ephemera (moved to Administrative Records 2007) and emailed biography\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThesis with abstract and emailed biography\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWith abstract\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes the aftermath of John Brown's raid on the United States arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia, in 1859. Brown was later apprehended, tried, and sentenced to hang on December 2, 1859, at Charles Town, Virginia. Documents the life and theatrical career of John Wilkes Booth, who would assassinate President Abraham Lincoln in 1865. Recounts Booth's journey to Charles Town in 1859, with several Richmond, Virginia militia companies comprising part of the security detail at Brown's execution. Discusses possible psychological effects the execution may have had on Booth, and similarities between Brown's actions at Harpers Ferry and Booth's assassination of Lincoln.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eContains email re: paper not to be copied/distributed until Dr. Alford's book publication\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes common religious customs and traditions related to Easter and Holy Week observations that have their origins in Germanic culture. Defines the significance of the days of Holy Week, including Shrove Tuesday, Ash Wednesday, Maundy Thursday, and Good Friday, as well as the customs and folklore associated with each day. Traces the origins of various Easter symbols to pre-Christian Germanic folklore and post-Reformation religious edicts. Describes how German immigrant groups, such as the Pennsylvania Dutch, brought these customs and beliefs to America in the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes the importance of roads and their affect on the architecture of farms and homes throughout the Shenandoah Valley in the 18th and 19th centuries. Discusses how improved roads allowed rural Virginians to transport their produce to centralized markets, such as Winchester, Virginia. Improved markets caused a transition from a barter-based system to a capitalist market economy. Describes how that transition affected archictecture, land use, and community life in the Shenandoah Valley; particularly in the Winchester and Frederick County regions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDiscusses the Evangelical movement and its consequences among various German religious groups in the Shenandoah Valley. Describes the discussions that took place concerning such issues as pluralism, democracy, salvation and the position of churches towards slavery. Many leading local pastors and ministers are mentioned.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the experiences of Emanuel Suter and his efforts to introduce innovations into his pottery business, local farms, and the Mennonite Church in the latter half of the 19th century. Discusses his introduction of new pottery firing techniques and farm machinery, as well as his attempts to reform church rules regarding the calling of ministers. Describes Suter's successful efforts toward instituting sunday schools in the Shenandoah Valley. Concludes with comments on Suter's progressive views, both secular and spiritual; many of which became commonplace in the 20th century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes the history of freight wagons in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia in the 18th and 19th centuries. Compares the characteristics and construction techniques used on a number of Virginia-made wagons to those made in Pennsylvania, more commonly known as Conestoga wagons. Includes two charts and a glossary of technical terms.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes the founding and operation of the Mossy Creek Iron Works, in Augusta County, Virginia. The mill was built in the mid-1770s by Henry Miller and his partner, Mark Bird. Discusses the variety of iron products produced by the mill, as well as ancillary commodities produced by Miller on the property. In addition to pig and bar iron, Miller's facilities also produced specialty steel, charcoal, paper, flour, beef, and a variety of animal products. Describes financial transactions with customers, such as James Madison, then a colonel in the Orange County militia, and several lawsuits involving Miller and his neighbors. Mentions Millers use of slaves and indentured servants as laborers, and briefly mentions his father's and sons' involvement in the business.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes the history of the Mennonite Church in Virginia in the 19th century with a focus on schisms arising between traditionalists and progressives. Outlines the controversies surrounding Mennonite pacifist doctrine during the Civil War. Mentions internal church debates over adopting a standardized style of dress for its members. Discusses the careers of notable Mennonite leaders and evangelical preachers such as George R. Brunk, John F. Funk, L.J. Heatwole, and J.B. Smith. Describes the founding of Goshen College in Indiana, as one of the first Mennonite colleges, and the doctrinal controversies at the college that led to the founding of the Eastern Mennonite School, (later Eastern Mennonite University), in Harrisonburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records, 1990-2009, includes administrative records and scholarly papers organized by academic year. Some years represented in the collection have limited contents. The bulk of the collection consists of material that was distributed to a select group, likely previous SVRSS attendees and other interested persons, before a presentation. These materials generally include a copy of an academic paper with information on the presenter. The collection includes files for most of the presentations from 1995 to 2009. Additional SVRSS papers were collected prior to 1995 (and prior to the donation) by the then Special Collections Librarian. These papers were added to the collection.","Describes the history of Virginia's mineral springs and their impact on early road construction and wagon design. Discusses road travel conditions in Virginia in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Mentions construction of the Cumberland Road, also known as the Old National Road, one of the first improved interstate highways, built by the U.S. government between 1811 and 1839. Traces the evolution of transportation from the earliest wagons to the Concord Coach.","With \"Political Moderation as an Anglo-American Ideology\"","Short description of project only","With CV","Describes the difficulties encountered by early German settlers to the Shenandoah Valley in the 18th and 19th centuries. German immigrant groups, such as the Pennsylvania Dutch, were often located on scattered, isolated farms, without the means to form or maintain their traditional religious institutions. Protestant sects, such as the Lutherans, Presbyterians, Mennonites, and Pietists, often lacked the numbers or financial ability to support churches or clergy. Describes the problem of itinerant, unordained preachers taking advantage of isolated communities. Comments on those immigrants who, through their increasing contact with English-speaking Scots-Irish neighbors, left the German sects for the better established English churches.","With published copy in \"Pennsylvania History\" 2001.","Socio-economic research on the Swift Run Gap (Va.) community during the 1920s-1930s, whose boundaries bordered those of the Shenandoah National Park. Includes study of the economic conditions in the area that later became park land and the reactions of local people to the prospect of the park, the selling of their land, and concerns once the park was established. This paper appears to be part of on-going research on the topic, and provides preliminary data supporting the theory that the people, their prosperity, and farming techniques were more diverse and of a higher standard than previously indicated.","Several chapters from her dissertation only","Thesis chapter only","This paper presents the view that slavery played a more active and important role in the historical development of the central Shenandoah Valley than previously perceived and recorded by such historians as John Wayland and Harry M. Strickler. Records recent research which documents the active role of African-Americans in such areas as iron-making (ex: the Shenandoah Iron Works), grain farming and other related occupations, using 1850 census figures. Mentions names of prominent wealthy slave-owning families and the impact of Mennonite and Dunker anti-slavery influences. Cites from the memoirs of Bethany Veney, a slave women who lived in antebellum Page County, Virginia.","With CV","With CV","Video script with abstract and 2 CVs","Includes timeline and pictures","With CV","With CV","With CV","With CV","With CV statement","Describes a number of cookbooks, handbooks, and home economics guides produced in the South between 1850 and 1865 directed primarily at housewives. With the onset of shortages caused by the Civil War, these books focused on conservation and substitutes for common foods and medicines. Discusses a botanical field manual, commissioned by Surgeon General of the Confederacy, which describes edible and medicinal plants found growing wild throughout the South. Describes the economic and social aspects of life in several Virginia communities as the war brought increased shortages and hardship.","Discusses the growth of the Baptist movement in colonial America and regional differences between Baptists in Virginia that still exist to this day. Includes references to the Separatists and Regulars; a chart showing Baptist origins; a list of regional 18th century Baptist churches in and near the Valley; and an annotated list of \"important Baptist clergy during the formative period.\"","With CV","Discusses the efforts of Rufus W. Bailey, an agent for the African Colonization Society agent in Virginia (primarily in Augusta and Rockbridge counties) to resettle African Americans in Liberia, Africa, from 1847-1851. Records tactics used to convince families to leave, etc.","With abstract","With abstract","With update to Figure 11","With CV","With copy containing handwritten note and CV","With abstract","With abstract and envelope containing note and computer disk","With abstract","With emailed abstract","With abstract","With abstract","With CV and emailed abstract","With abstract","PowerPoint slides with CV","Describes the author's 2004 walking tour of Virginia, focusing on the section of the Shenandoah Valley from Harrisonburg to Natural Bridge. Includes historical notes on the earliest European explorers and settlers in the region.","With CV","Emailed abstract only","Published article with presentation abstract","University of New Hampshire thesis","PowerPoint slides, exhibit brochure, and CD","Describes daily life in the 19th century in a number of Virginia counties, including Rockingham, Augusta, and Rockbridge Counties, with a focus on how ordinary people spent their free time. Numerous references to community activities such as quilting bees, corn huskings, singings, sleigh rides, dances, weddings, and funerals. Also describes several anti-social behaviors, usually alcohol related, ranging from vagrancy to murder, which were reported in many towns throughout the region. Briefly mentions the growth of local temperance movements at mid-century. Draws heavily on diary entries by local citizens, especially that of Isaac Acker.","With abstract","Describes the social customs and attitudes surrounding the keeping of pets in eighteenth and early nineteenth century Virginia. Comments on the social status and gender role aspects attributed to keeping particular pets. Discusses a wide variety of animals, beyond common cats and dogs, that were kept as pets, such as squirrels, hummingbirds, mockingbirds, cranes, and deer. Includes pet-related anecdotes by and about such famous Virginians as George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, William Byrd, Fannie Kemble, and Landon Carter.","With abstract","With emailed abstract","Project proposal only","Describes the history of Avtex Fibers, Inc., a major defense materials manufacturer, located in Front Royal, Virginia. Founded in 1937, by the American Viscose Corporation, (AVC), the plant produced numerous rayon-based products for the U.S. government during World War II. In the post-war years the company was sold to the Food Machines Corporation, (FMC), in 1963, which produced materials for the Space Program and the aerospace industry. The Avtex Fibers bought the company in 1976, but within a decade, highly toxic waste disposal problems landed the company on the federal Superfund cleanup list. Citing numerous violations of the federal Environmental Protection Act and Virginia Water Control legislation, the facility was summarily closed by state officials in 1989. Environmental clean up efforts over the following decade have rehabilitated the 300 acre site to the point where local and state authorities can contemplate the future of this controversial Virginia landmark.","With emailed abstract","With emailed abstract","Emailed abstract only","Abstract only","With book abstract","PowerPoint slides and 2 CDs","With abstract","With abstract","With ephemera (moved to Administrative Records 2007) and emailed biography","Thesis with abstract and emailed biography","With abstract","Describes the aftermath of John Brown's raid on the United States arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia, in 1859. Brown was later apprehended, tried, and sentenced to hang on December 2, 1859, at Charles Town, Virginia. Documents the life and theatrical career of John Wilkes Booth, who would assassinate President Abraham Lincoln in 1865. Recounts Booth's journey to Charles Town in 1859, with several Richmond, Virginia militia companies comprising part of the security detail at Brown's execution. Discusses possible psychological effects the execution may have had on Booth, and similarities between Brown's actions at Harpers Ferry and Booth's assassination of Lincoln.","Contains email re: paper not to be copied/distributed until Dr. Alford's book publication","Describes common religious customs and traditions related to Easter and Holy Week observations that have their origins in Germanic culture. Defines the significance of the days of Holy Week, including Shrove Tuesday, Ash Wednesday, Maundy Thursday, and Good Friday, as well as the customs and folklore associated with each day. Traces the origins of various Easter symbols to pre-Christian Germanic folklore and post-Reformation religious edicts. Describes how German immigrant groups, such as the Pennsylvania Dutch, brought these customs and beliefs to America in the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries.","Describes the importance of roads and their affect on the architecture of farms and homes throughout the Shenandoah Valley in the 18th and 19th centuries. Discusses how improved roads allowed rural Virginians to transport their produce to centralized markets, such as Winchester, Virginia. Improved markets caused a transition from a barter-based system to a capitalist market economy. Describes how that transition affected archictecture, land use, and community life in the Shenandoah Valley; particularly in the Winchester and Frederick County regions.","Discusses the Evangelical movement and its consequences among various German religious groups in the Shenandoah Valley. Describes the discussions that took place concerning such issues as pluralism, democracy, salvation and the position of churches towards slavery. Many leading local pastors and ministers are mentioned.","Records the experiences of Emanuel Suter and his efforts to introduce innovations into his pottery business, local farms, and the Mennonite Church in the latter half of the 19th century. Discusses his introduction of new pottery firing techniques and farm machinery, as well as his attempts to reform church rules regarding the calling of ministers. Describes Suter's successful efforts toward instituting sunday schools in the Shenandoah Valley. Concludes with comments on Suter's progressive views, both secular and spiritual; many of which became commonplace in the 20th century.","Describes the history of freight wagons in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia in the 18th and 19th centuries. Compares the characteristics and construction techniques used on a number of Virginia-made wagons to those made in Pennsylvania, more commonly known as Conestoga wagons. Includes two charts and a glossary of technical terms.","Describes the founding and operation of the Mossy Creek Iron Works, in Augusta County, Virginia. The mill was built in the mid-1770s by Henry Miller and his partner, Mark Bird. Discusses the variety of iron products produced by the mill, as well as ancillary commodities produced by Miller on the property. In addition to pig and bar iron, Miller's facilities also produced specialty steel, charcoal, paper, flour, beef, and a variety of animal products. Describes financial transactions with customers, such as James Madison, then a colonel in the Orange County militia, and several lawsuits involving Miller and his neighbors. Mentions Millers use of slaves and indentured servants as laborers, and briefly mentions his father's and sons' involvement in the business.","Describes the history of the Mennonite Church in Virginia in the 19th century with a focus on schisms arising between traditionalists and progressives. Outlines the controversies surrounding Mennonite pacifist doctrine during the Civil War. Mentions internal church debates over adopting a standardized style of dress for its members. Discusses the careers of notable Mennonite leaders and evangelical preachers such as George R. Brunk, John F. Funk, L.J. Heatwole, and J.B. Smith. Describes the founding of Goshen College in Indiana, as one of the first Mennonite colleges, and the doctrinal controversies at the college that led to the founding of the Eastern Mennonite School, (later Eastern Mennonite University), in Harrisonburg, Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. The authors retain the copyrights on their papers. The user is responsible to obtain clearance from the copyright holder for permission to use any materials in excess of fair use.For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. The authors retain the copyrights on their papers. The user is responsible to obtain clearance from the copyright holder for permission to use any materials in excess of fair use.For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_41951ed8c891ff37302db7926a2bc4fa\"\u003eThis collection consists of administrative records and papers by scholars from colleges, libraries and other institutions for the monthly presentations of the Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar (SVRSS). The collection contains financial records, announcements, correspondence, information about presenters, and academic papers.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection consists of administrative records and papers by scholars from colleges, libraries and other institutions for the monthly presentations of the Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar (SVRSS). The collection contains financial records, announcements, correspondence, information about presenters, and academic papers."],"names_coll_ssim":["Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar -- Records and correspondence","Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar -- History -- Sources"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar","Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar -- Records and correspondence","Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar -- History -- Sources","Houck Tannery (Harrisonburg, Va.)","Western State Hospital (Va.)","American Colonization Society","Avtex Fibers Inc.","American Viscose Corporation","Food Machinery Corporation","Browning, Joan C.","Calhoon, Robert M. (Robert McCluer)","Costa, Thomas M. (Thomas Michael), 1953-","Denkler, Ann, 1965-","Devine, Christine Styrna","Flippen, J. Brooks, 1959-","Fordney, Ben Fuller, 1931-2016","Schofield, John McAllister, 1831-1906","Stoneman, George, 1822-1894","Frantz, John B.","Hanson, Timothy Richard","Herrin, Dean A., 1958-","Hoepfner, Christine, -2018","Holman, Andrew C. (Andrew Carl), 1965-","Horning, Audrey J.","Hsiung, David C., 1961-","Kiracofe, David","McCleary, Ann, 1954-","Mouer, L. Daniel","Phipps, Sheila R., 1948-","Simmons, Susanne","Sorrells, Nancy T.","Bailey, Bea","Ballard, Charles C.","Veney, Bethany","Bolgiano, Chris","Boyer, Leila O. W.","Bruggeman, Seth C., 1975-","Crothers, A. Glenn","Dillard, Philip D.","Sheridan, Philip Henry, 1831-1888","Fea, John","Fithian, Philip Vickers, 1747-1776","Ferguson, Jamie L.","Stribling, Francis T. (Francis Taliaferro), 1810-1874","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Johnson, Edward, 1816-1873","Gilliam, George H.","Thomas, William G., 1964-","Grant, Philip A., 1933-","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","Harter, Dale F.","Harris, John T. (John Thomas), 1823-1899","Harter, Kevin L.","Heatwole, John L., 1948-2006","Hizer, Trenton E., 1963-","Keller, Christian B.","Longenecker, Stephen L., 1951-","McDermott, Paul D.","Spangler, Jewel L., 1961-","Torisky, Danielle","Whitehorne, Joseph W. A., 1943-","Berkey, Jonathan M.","Eslinger, Ellen, 1956-2018","Bailey, Rufus William, 1793-1863","Gomery, Douglas","Hack, Timothy","Hardwick, Kevin R., 1961-","Nicholson, Francis, 1655-1728","Hofstra, Warren R., 1947-","Kincheloe, John C. (John Charles)","Koons, Kenneth E.","Long, Creston S.","Maass, John R.","Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826","Greene, Nathanael, 1742-1786","Miller, Charles A. (Charles Allen), 1937-2019","Glasgow, Ellen, 1873-1945","Nelson, Lynn A., 1967-","Redick, Kip","Redmond, Edward James, 1962-2021","Washington, George, 1732-1799","Schneider, Stacey L.","Spero, Patrick","Stickley, Dan","Wineman, Bradford Alexander, 1977-","Bell, Alison","Galke, Laura J.","Christoffel, Thomas J.","Clabough, Casey, 1974-","Curtis, Christopher Michael","Faulkner, Charles James, 1806-1884","Fleek, Sherman L.","Grizzard, Frank E., 1954-","Washington, George, 1732-1799. (Title of work: Papers of George Washington.)","Henry, Mary Ellen","Kiefer, Anna Elizabeth","Kiefer, Geraldine W. (Geraldine Wojno)","Acker, Isaac, 1832-1908","Lekavich, Greg","Meacham, Sarah Hand, 1972-","Byrd, William, 1674-1744","Kemble, Fanny, 1809-1893","Carter, Landon, 1710-1778","Mendelsohn, Betsy Thomas","Smith, Byron C.","Suter, Scott Hamilton","Thompson, George F.","Tisinger, Catherine A.","Dodenhoff, Donna","Ghant, Walter","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Wilson, U. G. (Ulysses Grant), 1866-1943","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Webb, Roberta Morgan, 1889-1990","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","Foreman, Michael Marcellus, 1941-2012","Cline, Patsy, 1932-1963","Joyner, Wesley T.","Francisco, Peter, 1760-1831","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Olson, Ted","Ping, Laura J.","Trogdon, Matthew J.","Alford, Terry","Booth, John Wilkes, 1838-1865","Hill, Lisa","Suter, Emanuel, 1833-1902","Terry, Gail S.","Vineyard, John R.","Wilson, James W.","Yoder, Nathan E., 1955-2020","Brunk, George R. (George Reuben), 1871-1938","Funk, John F. (John Fretz), 1835-1930","Heatwole, L. J. (Lewis James), 1852-1932","Smith, J. B. (Jacob Brubaker), 1870-1951"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar","Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar -- Records and correspondence","Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar -- History -- Sources","Houck Tannery (Harrisonburg, Va.)","Western State Hospital (Va.)","American Colonization Society","Avtex Fibers Inc.","American Viscose Corporation","Food Machinery Corporation"],"persname_ssim":["Browning, Joan C.","Calhoon, Robert M. (Robert McCluer)","Costa, Thomas M. (Thomas Michael), 1953-","Denkler, Ann, 1965-","Devine, Christine Styrna","Flippen, J. Brooks, 1959-","Fordney, Ben Fuller, 1931-2016","Schofield, John McAllister, 1831-1906","Stoneman, George, 1822-1894","Frantz, John B.","Hanson, Timothy Richard","Herrin, Dean A., 1958-","Hoepfner, Christine, -2018","Holman, Andrew C. (Andrew Carl), 1965-","Horning, Audrey J.","Hsiung, David C., 1961-","Kiracofe, David","McCleary, Ann, 1954-","Mouer, L. Daniel","Phipps, Sheila R., 1948-","Simmons, Susanne","Sorrells, Nancy T.","Bailey, Bea","Ballard, Charles C.","Veney, Bethany","Bolgiano, Chris","Boyer, Leila O. W.","Bruggeman, Seth C., 1975-","Crothers, A. Glenn","Dillard, Philip D.","Sheridan, Philip Henry, 1831-1888","Fea, John","Fithian, Philip Vickers, 1747-1776","Ferguson, Jamie L.","Stribling, Francis T. (Francis Taliaferro), 1810-1874","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Johnson, Edward, 1816-1873","Gilliam, George H.","Thomas, William G., 1964-","Grant, Philip A., 1933-","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","Harter, Dale F.","Harris, John T. (John Thomas), 1823-1899","Harter, Kevin L.","Heatwole, John L., 1948-2006","Hizer, Trenton E., 1963-","Keller, Christian B.","Longenecker, Stephen L., 1951-","McDermott, Paul D.","Spangler, Jewel L., 1961-","Torisky, Danielle","Whitehorne, Joseph W. A., 1943-","Berkey, Jonathan M.","Eslinger, Ellen, 1956-2018","Bailey, Rufus William, 1793-1863","Gomery, Douglas","Hack, Timothy","Hardwick, Kevin R., 1961-","Nicholson, Francis, 1655-1728","Hofstra, Warren R., 1947-","Kincheloe, John C. (John Charles)","Koons, Kenneth E.","Long, Creston S.","Maass, John R.","Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826","Greene, Nathanael, 1742-1786","Miller, Charles A. (Charles Allen), 1937-2019","Glasgow, Ellen, 1873-1945","Nelson, Lynn A., 1967-","Redick, Kip","Redmond, Edward James, 1962-2021","Washington, George, 1732-1799","Schneider, Stacey L.","Spero, Patrick","Stickley, Dan","Wineman, Bradford Alexander, 1977-","Bell, Alison","Galke, Laura J.","Christoffel, Thomas J.","Clabough, Casey, 1974-","Curtis, Christopher Michael","Faulkner, Charles James, 1806-1884","Fleek, Sherman L.","Grizzard, Frank E., 1954-","Washington, George, 1732-1799. (Title of work: Papers of George Washington.)","Henry, Mary Ellen","Kiefer, Anna Elizabeth","Kiefer, Geraldine W. (Geraldine Wojno)","Acker, Isaac, 1832-1908","Lekavich, Greg","Meacham, Sarah Hand, 1972-","Byrd, William, 1674-1744","Kemble, Fanny, 1809-1893","Carter, Landon, 1710-1778","Mendelsohn, Betsy Thomas","Smith, Byron C.","Suter, Scott Hamilton","Thompson, George F.","Tisinger, Catherine A.","Dodenhoff, Donna","Ghant, Walter","Simms, Lucy F. (Lucy Frances), 1856-1934","Wilson, U. G. (Ulysses Grant), 1866-1943","Harris, W.N.P. (William Nelson Pendleton), 1881-1977","Webb, Roberta Morgan, 1889-1990","Newman, George A. (George Ambrose), 1855-1944","Fairfax, Mary Awkard, 1912-2006","Foreman, Michael Marcellus, 1941-2012","Cline, Patsy, 1932-1963","Joyner, Wesley T.","Francisco, Peter, 1760-1831","Johnston, Frances Benjamin, 1864-1952","Olson, Ted","Ping, Laura J.","Trogdon, Matthew J.","Alford, Terry","Booth, John Wilkes, 1838-1865","Hill, Lisa","Suter, Emanuel, 1833-1902","Terry, Gail S.","Vineyard, John R.","Wilson, James W.","Yoder, Nathan E., 1955-2020","Brunk, George R. (George Reuben), 1871-1938","Funk, John F. (John Fretz), 1835-1930","Heatwole, L. J. (Lewis James), 1852-1932","Smith, J. B. (Jacob Brubaker), 1870-1951"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":126,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:21:18.584Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_533_c02_c02_c10"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_308","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Iron Foundry Ledger","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_308#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_308#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Iron Foundry Ledger, 1797 - 1798, consists of one photocopied ledger from an iron foundry or related iron business, possibly Pine Forge, in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia, with lists of items sold such as bar iron, provisions, sundries, and horse provender.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_308#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_308","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_308","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_308","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_308","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_308.xml","title_ssm":["Iron Foundry Ledger"],"title_tesim":["Iron Foundry Ledger"],"unitdate_ssm":["1797-1798"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1797-1798"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0165","/repositories/4/resources/308"],"text":["SC 0165","/repositories/4/resources/308","Iron Foundry Ledger","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Iron foundries -- Virginia -- Accounting","Iron foundries -- Virginia -- History -- 18th century","Iron industry and trade -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County -- History -- 18th century","Industries -- Virginia -- New Market","Industries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Sources","Ledgers (account books)","Business records","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The ledger is arranged in five folders.","Wayland, John W.  A History of Shenandoah County, Virginia . 2nd ed. Baltimore: Regional Publishing Company, 1980, pg. 553.","According to notes from the donor the ledger was given to Benjamin Garber in 1870 and the original leather bound ledger had the name and date of Benjamin Garber, 1870 inscribed on the front cover along with the letters \"LD.\" The back of the ledger contained the letters \"IXO\" along with the date 1848. Notes from the donor also suggest that the ledger may originated from the Pine Forge iron foundry once located along Smith Creek near New Market, Virginia and operated by the Pennybacker family. The ledger contains accounts for D. Pennybacker and also Pine Forge, and the handwriting within the ledger is identical to that of an earlier Pine Forge Ledger, contained in the Don C. Miller Collection. According to donor notes, the ledger was given to Benjamin Garber in 1870.","The account for D. Pennybacker is most likely Dirck Pennyback, 1737 - 1799, who came to the Shenandoah Valley in 1781 and built Redwell Furnace along Hawksbill Creek near Luray, Virginia. Around 1785 he also established an iron-working business called Pine Forge along Smith Creek near New Market, Virginia. Dirck Pennybacker operated Pine Forge with his son Benjamin--also represented in the ledger--until Dirck died in 1799, at which point Benjamin continued operations until the early 19th century when ownership changed. Pine Forge was an extensive and successful operation and was well known throughout the county.","Original ledger retained by the donor.","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 4036 .","The Iron Foundry Ledger consists of one photocopied ledger dated from 1797 – 1798. Names of customers, including Dirck Pennybacker, Benjamin Pennybacker, and Pine Forge, along with the abbreviation \"Dr.\" used to indicated debtor, and \"Contra\" to indicate payment or credit received, are listed throughout the ledger along with amounts due or paid. Items listed include bar iron, general charge, provision, sundries, horse provender, cash, and bonds \u0026 notes. Other content within the ledgers includes writing of popular quotes, letters of the alphabet, small drawings, and the signature of Benjamin Garber written in the margins and around the ledger text.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Iron Foundry Ledger, 1797 - 1798, consists of one photocopied ledger from an iron foundry or related iron business, possibly Pine Forge, in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia, with lists of items sold such as bar iron, provisions, sundries, and horse provender.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0165","/repositories/4/resources/308"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Iron Foundry Ledger"],"collection_title_tesim":["Iron Foundry Ledger"],"collection_ssim":["Iron Foundry Ledger"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Geier, Clarence R., 1944-"],"creator_ssim":["Geier, Clarence R., 1944-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Geier, Clarence R., 1944-"],"creators_ssim":["Geier, Clarence R., 1944-"],"places_ssim":["Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The photocopied ledger was donated by Clarence Geier who had acquired the copy of the ledger from Dale McAllister of Singers Glen, Virginia in 2001. It was previously obtained from members of the Garber family of Shenandoah County, Virginia."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Iron foundries -- Virginia -- Accounting","Iron foundries -- Virginia -- History -- 18th century","Iron industry and trade -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County -- History -- 18th century","Industries -- Virginia -- New Market","Industries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Sources","Ledgers (account books)","Business records"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Iron foundries -- Virginia -- Accounting","Iron foundries -- Virginia -- History -- 18th century","Iron industry and trade -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County -- History -- 18th century","Industries -- Virginia -- New Market","Industries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Sources","Ledgers (account books)","Business records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.2 cubic feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.2 cubic feet 1 box"],"genreform_ssim":["Ledgers (account books)","Business records"],"date_range_isim":[1797,1798],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe ledger is arranged in five folders.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The ledger is arranged in five folders."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eWayland, John W. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eA History of Shenandoah County, Virginia\u003c/emph\u003e. 2nd ed. Baltimore: Regional Publishing Company, 1980, pg. 553.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Wayland, John W.  A History of Shenandoah County, Virginia . 2nd ed. Baltimore: Regional Publishing Company, 1980, pg. 553."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAccording to notes from the donor the ledger was given to Benjamin Garber in 1870 and the original leather bound ledger had the name and date of Benjamin Garber, 1870 inscribed on the front cover along with the letters \"LD.\" The back of the ledger contained the letters \"IXO\" along with the date 1848. Notes from the donor also suggest that the ledger may originated from the Pine Forge iron foundry once located along Smith Creek near New Market, Virginia and operated by the Pennybacker family. The ledger contains accounts for D. Pennybacker and also Pine Forge, and the handwriting within the ledger is identical to that of an earlier Pine Forge Ledger, contained in the Don C. Miller Collection. According to donor notes, the ledger was given to Benjamin Garber in 1870.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe account for D. Pennybacker is most likely Dirck Pennyback, 1737 - 1799, who came to the Shenandoah Valley in 1781 and built Redwell Furnace along Hawksbill Creek near Luray, Virginia. Around 1785 he also established an iron-working business called Pine Forge along Smith Creek near New Market, Virginia. Dirck Pennybacker operated Pine Forge with his son Benjamin--also represented in the ledger--until Dirck died in 1799, at which point Benjamin continued operations until the early 19th century when ownership changed. Pine Forge was an extensive and successful operation and was well known throughout the county.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["According to notes from the donor the ledger was given to Benjamin Garber in 1870 and the original leather bound ledger had the name and date of Benjamin Garber, 1870 inscribed on the front cover along with the letters \"LD.\" The back of the ledger contained the letters \"IXO\" along with the date 1848. Notes from the donor also suggest that the ledger may originated from the Pine Forge iron foundry once located along Smith Creek near New Market, Virginia and operated by the Pennybacker family. The ledger contains accounts for D. Pennybacker and also Pine Forge, and the handwriting within the ledger is identical to that of an earlier Pine Forge Ledger, contained in the Don C. Miller Collection. According to donor notes, the ledger was given to Benjamin Garber in 1870.","The account for D. Pennybacker is most likely Dirck Pennyback, 1737 - 1799, who came to the Shenandoah Valley in 1781 and built Redwell Furnace along Hawksbill Creek near Luray, Virginia. Around 1785 he also established an iron-working business called Pine Forge along Smith Creek near New Market, Virginia. Dirck Pennybacker operated Pine Forge with his son Benjamin--also represented in the ledger--until Dirck died in 1799, at which point Benjamin continued operations until the early 19th century when ownership changed. Pine Forge was an extensive and successful operation and was well known throughout the county."],"originalsloc_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOriginal ledger retained by the donor.\u003c/p\u003e"],"originalsloc_heading_ssm":["Location of Originals"],"originalsloc_tesim":["Original ledger retained by the donor."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Iron Foundry Ledger, 1797-1798, SC 0165, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Iron Foundry Ledger, 1797-1798, SC 0165, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThis collection was previously cataloged as SC 4036\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 4036 ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Iron Foundry Ledger consists of one photocopied ledger dated from 1797 – 1798. Names of customers, including Dirck Pennybacker, Benjamin Pennybacker, and Pine Forge, along with the abbreviation \"Dr.\" used to indicated debtor, and \"Contra\" to indicate payment or credit received, are listed throughout the ledger along with amounts due or paid. Items listed include bar iron, general charge, provision, sundries, horse provender, cash, and bonds \u0026amp; notes. Other content within the ledgers includes writing of popular quotes, letters of the alphabet, small drawings, and the signature of Benjamin Garber written in the margins and around the ledger text.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Iron Foundry Ledger consists of one photocopied ledger dated from 1797 – 1798. Names of customers, including Dirck Pennybacker, Benjamin Pennybacker, and Pine Forge, along with the abbreviation \"Dr.\" used to indicated debtor, and \"Contra\" to indicate payment or credit received, are listed throughout the ledger along with amounts due or paid. Items listed include bar iron, general charge, provision, sundries, horse provender, cash, and bonds \u0026 notes. Other content within the ledgers includes writing of popular quotes, letters of the alphabet, small drawings, and the signature of Benjamin Garber written in the margins and around the ledger text."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_68afca43f7b5cff8cefced0c30a7185a\"\u003eThe Iron Foundry Ledger, 1797 - 1798, consists of one photocopied ledger from an iron foundry or related iron business, possibly Pine Forge, in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia, with lists of items sold such as bar iron, provisions, sundries, and horse provender.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Iron Foundry Ledger, 1797 - 1798, consists of one photocopied ledger from an iron foundry or related iron business, possibly Pine Forge, in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia, with lists of items sold such as bar iron, provisions, sundries, and horse provender."],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections"],"names_coll_ssim":["Geier, Clarence R., 1944-"],"persname_ssim":["Geier, Clarence R., 1944-"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:21:32.588Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_308","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_308","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_308","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_308","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_308.xml","title_ssm":["Iron Foundry Ledger"],"title_tesim":["Iron Foundry Ledger"],"unitdate_ssm":["1797-1798"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1797-1798"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0165","/repositories/4/resources/308"],"text":["SC 0165","/repositories/4/resources/308","Iron Foundry Ledger","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Iron foundries -- Virginia -- Accounting","Iron foundries -- Virginia -- History -- 18th century","Iron industry and trade -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County -- History -- 18th century","Industries -- Virginia -- New Market","Industries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Sources","Ledgers (account books)","Business records","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The ledger is arranged in five folders.","Wayland, John W.  A History of Shenandoah County, Virginia . 2nd ed. Baltimore: Regional Publishing Company, 1980, pg. 553.","According to notes from the donor the ledger was given to Benjamin Garber in 1870 and the original leather bound ledger had the name and date of Benjamin Garber, 1870 inscribed on the front cover along with the letters \"LD.\" The back of the ledger contained the letters \"IXO\" along with the date 1848. Notes from the donor also suggest that the ledger may originated from the Pine Forge iron foundry once located along Smith Creek near New Market, Virginia and operated by the Pennybacker family. The ledger contains accounts for D. Pennybacker and also Pine Forge, and the handwriting within the ledger is identical to that of an earlier Pine Forge Ledger, contained in the Don C. Miller Collection. According to donor notes, the ledger was given to Benjamin Garber in 1870.","The account for D. Pennybacker is most likely Dirck Pennyback, 1737 - 1799, who came to the Shenandoah Valley in 1781 and built Redwell Furnace along Hawksbill Creek near Luray, Virginia. Around 1785 he also established an iron-working business called Pine Forge along Smith Creek near New Market, Virginia. Dirck Pennybacker operated Pine Forge with his son Benjamin--also represented in the ledger--until Dirck died in 1799, at which point Benjamin continued operations until the early 19th century when ownership changed. Pine Forge was an extensive and successful operation and was well known throughout the county.","Original ledger retained by the donor.","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 4036 .","The Iron Foundry Ledger consists of one photocopied ledger dated from 1797 – 1798. Names of customers, including Dirck Pennybacker, Benjamin Pennybacker, and Pine Forge, along with the abbreviation \"Dr.\" used to indicated debtor, and \"Contra\" to indicate payment or credit received, are listed throughout the ledger along with amounts due or paid. Items listed include bar iron, general charge, provision, sundries, horse provender, cash, and bonds \u0026 notes. Other content within the ledgers includes writing of popular quotes, letters of the alphabet, small drawings, and the signature of Benjamin Garber written in the margins and around the ledger text.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Iron Foundry Ledger, 1797 - 1798, consists of one photocopied ledger from an iron foundry or related iron business, possibly Pine Forge, in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia, with lists of items sold such as bar iron, provisions, sundries, and horse provender.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0165","/repositories/4/resources/308"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Iron Foundry Ledger"],"collection_title_tesim":["Iron Foundry Ledger"],"collection_ssim":["Iron Foundry Ledger"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Geier, Clarence R., 1944-"],"creator_ssim":["Geier, Clarence R., 1944-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Geier, Clarence R., 1944-"],"creators_ssim":["Geier, Clarence R., 1944-"],"places_ssim":["Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The photocopied ledger was donated by Clarence Geier who had acquired the copy of the ledger from Dale McAllister of Singers Glen, Virginia in 2001. It was previously obtained from members of the Garber family of Shenandoah County, Virginia."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Iron foundries -- Virginia -- Accounting","Iron foundries -- Virginia -- History -- 18th century","Iron industry and trade -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County -- History -- 18th century","Industries -- Virginia -- New Market","Industries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Sources","Ledgers (account books)","Business records"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Iron foundries -- Virginia -- Accounting","Iron foundries -- Virginia -- History -- 18th century","Iron industry and trade -- Virginia -- Shenandoah County -- History -- 18th century","Industries -- Virginia -- New Market","Industries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Sources","Ledgers (account books)","Business records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.2 cubic feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.2 cubic feet 1 box"],"genreform_ssim":["Ledgers (account books)","Business records"],"date_range_isim":[1797,1798],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe ledger is arranged in five folders.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The ledger is arranged in five folders."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eWayland, John W. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eA History of Shenandoah County, Virginia\u003c/emph\u003e. 2nd ed. Baltimore: Regional Publishing Company, 1980, pg. 553.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Wayland, John W.  A History of Shenandoah County, Virginia . 2nd ed. Baltimore: Regional Publishing Company, 1980, pg. 553."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAccording to notes from the donor the ledger was given to Benjamin Garber in 1870 and the original leather bound ledger had the name and date of Benjamin Garber, 1870 inscribed on the front cover along with the letters \"LD.\" The back of the ledger contained the letters \"IXO\" along with the date 1848. Notes from the donor also suggest that the ledger may originated from the Pine Forge iron foundry once located along Smith Creek near New Market, Virginia and operated by the Pennybacker family. The ledger contains accounts for D. Pennybacker and also Pine Forge, and the handwriting within the ledger is identical to that of an earlier Pine Forge Ledger, contained in the Don C. Miller Collection. According to donor notes, the ledger was given to Benjamin Garber in 1870.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe account for D. Pennybacker is most likely Dirck Pennyback, 1737 - 1799, who came to the Shenandoah Valley in 1781 and built Redwell Furnace along Hawksbill Creek near Luray, Virginia. Around 1785 he also established an iron-working business called Pine Forge along Smith Creek near New Market, Virginia. Dirck Pennybacker operated Pine Forge with his son Benjamin--also represented in the ledger--until Dirck died in 1799, at which point Benjamin continued operations until the early 19th century when ownership changed. Pine Forge was an extensive and successful operation and was well known throughout the county.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["According to notes from the donor the ledger was given to Benjamin Garber in 1870 and the original leather bound ledger had the name and date of Benjamin Garber, 1870 inscribed on the front cover along with the letters \"LD.\" The back of the ledger contained the letters \"IXO\" along with the date 1848. Notes from the donor also suggest that the ledger may originated from the Pine Forge iron foundry once located along Smith Creek near New Market, Virginia and operated by the Pennybacker family. The ledger contains accounts for D. Pennybacker and also Pine Forge, and the handwriting within the ledger is identical to that of an earlier Pine Forge Ledger, contained in the Don C. Miller Collection. According to donor notes, the ledger was given to Benjamin Garber in 1870.","The account for D. Pennybacker is most likely Dirck Pennyback, 1737 - 1799, who came to the Shenandoah Valley in 1781 and built Redwell Furnace along Hawksbill Creek near Luray, Virginia. Around 1785 he also established an iron-working business called Pine Forge along Smith Creek near New Market, Virginia. Dirck Pennybacker operated Pine Forge with his son Benjamin--also represented in the ledger--until Dirck died in 1799, at which point Benjamin continued operations until the early 19th century when ownership changed. Pine Forge was an extensive and successful operation and was well known throughout the county."],"originalsloc_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOriginal ledger retained by the donor.\u003c/p\u003e"],"originalsloc_heading_ssm":["Location of Originals"],"originalsloc_tesim":["Original ledger retained by the donor."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Iron Foundry Ledger, 1797-1798, SC 0165, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Iron Foundry Ledger, 1797-1798, SC 0165, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThis collection was previously cataloged as SC 4036\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 4036 ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Iron Foundry Ledger consists of one photocopied ledger dated from 1797 – 1798. Names of customers, including Dirck Pennybacker, Benjamin Pennybacker, and Pine Forge, along with the abbreviation \"Dr.\" used to indicated debtor, and \"Contra\" to indicate payment or credit received, are listed throughout the ledger along with amounts due or paid. Items listed include bar iron, general charge, provision, sundries, horse provender, cash, and bonds \u0026amp; notes. Other content within the ledgers includes writing of popular quotes, letters of the alphabet, small drawings, and the signature of Benjamin Garber written in the margins and around the ledger text.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Iron Foundry Ledger consists of one photocopied ledger dated from 1797 – 1798. Names of customers, including Dirck Pennybacker, Benjamin Pennybacker, and Pine Forge, along with the abbreviation \"Dr.\" used to indicated debtor, and \"Contra\" to indicate payment or credit received, are listed throughout the ledger along with amounts due or paid. Items listed include bar iron, general charge, provision, sundries, horse provender, cash, and bonds \u0026 notes. Other content within the ledgers includes writing of popular quotes, letters of the alphabet, small drawings, and the signature of Benjamin Garber written in the margins and around the ledger text."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_68afca43f7b5cff8cefced0c30a7185a\"\u003eThe Iron Foundry Ledger, 1797 - 1798, consists of one photocopied ledger from an iron foundry or related iron business, possibly Pine Forge, in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia, with lists of items sold such as bar iron, provisions, sundries, and horse provender.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Iron Foundry Ledger, 1797 - 1798, consists of one photocopied ledger from an iron foundry or related iron business, possibly Pine Forge, in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia, with lists of items sold such as bar iron, provisions, sundries, and horse provender."],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections"],"names_coll_ssim":["Geier, Clarence R., 1944-"],"persname_ssim":["Geier, Clarence R., 1944-"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:21:32.588Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_308"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_278","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Mt. Clinton Telephone Company Ledger","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_278#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Mt. Clinton Telephone Company (Va.)","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_278#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Mt. Clinton Telephone Company Ledger, 1916-1952, is comprised of one ledger containing individuals' names alongside assessed and paid amounts.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_278#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_278","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_278","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_278","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_278","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_278.xml","title_ssm":["Mt. Clinton Telephone Company Ledger"],"title_tesim":["Mt. Clinton Telephone Company Ledger"],"unitdate_ssm":["1916-1952"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1916-1952"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0131"],"text":["SC 0131","Mt. Clinton Telephone Company Ledger","Telephone companies -- Virginia -- History","Account books","Business records","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The ledger is housed in one folder.","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 3038.","Contains names with assessed and paid amounts for people in the Mt. Clinton area of Rockingham County, Virginia, who had telephone service from 1916 to 1952. The notes \"Share in line,\" \"Share of stock,\" and \"Getting out poles\" appear under some names. In the 1940s, lists of names appear under \"Line Number.\" In the second half of the book there are pages labeled \"Cash paid out\" and Cash received.\" There are also occasional notes indicating that the accounts had been audited.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Mt. Clinton Telephone Company Ledger, 1916-1952, is comprised of one ledger containing individuals' names alongside assessed and paid amounts.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Mt. Clinton Telephone Company (Va.)","Mt. Clinton Telephone Company (Va.) -- Records and correspondence","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0131"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Mt. Clinton Telephone Company Ledger"],"collection_title_tesim":["Mt. Clinton Telephone Company Ledger"],"collection_ssim":["Mt. Clinton Telephone Company Ledger"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"creator_ssm":["Mt. Clinton Telephone Company (Va.)","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-"],"creator_ssim":["Mt. Clinton Telephone Company (Va.)","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Geier, Clarence R., 1944-"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Mt. Clinton Telephone Company (Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Mt. Clinton Telephone Company (Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Dr. Clarence Geier, member of JMU faculty, in February 2003."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Telephone companies -- Virginia -- History","Account books","Business records"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Telephone companies -- Virginia -- History","Account books","Business records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.08 cubic feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.08 cubic feet 1 folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Account books","Business records"],"date_range_isim":[1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe ledger is housed in one folder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The ledger is housed in one folder."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Mt. Clinton Telephone Company Ledger, 1916-1952, SC 0131, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Mt. Clinton Telephone Company Ledger, 1916-1952, SC 0131, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThis collection was previously cataloged as SC 3038.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 3038."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eContains names with assessed and paid amounts for people in the Mt. Clinton area of Rockingham County, Virginia, who had telephone service from 1916 to 1952. The notes \"Share in line,\" \"Share of stock,\" and \"Getting out poles\" appear under some names. In the 1940s, lists of names appear under \"Line Number.\" In the second half of the book there are pages labeled \"Cash paid out\" and Cash received.\" There are also occasional notes indicating that the accounts had been audited.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Contains names with assessed and paid amounts for people in the Mt. Clinton area of Rockingham County, Virginia, who had telephone service from 1916 to 1952. The notes \"Share in line,\" \"Share of stock,\" and \"Getting out poles\" appear under some names. In the 1940s, lists of names appear under \"Line Number.\" In the second half of the book there are pages labeled \"Cash paid out\" and Cash received.\" There are also occasional notes indicating that the accounts had been audited."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_9e848b310e8e9b12e40026d5b25c7327\"\u003eThe Mt. Clinton Telephone Company Ledger, 1916-1952, is comprised of one ledger containing individuals' names alongside assessed and paid amounts.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Mt. Clinton Telephone Company Ledger, 1916-1952, is comprised of one ledger containing individuals' names alongside assessed and paid amounts."],"names_coll_ssim":["Mt. Clinton Telephone Company (Va.) -- Records and correspondence","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Mt. Clinton Telephone Company (Va.)","Mt. Clinton Telephone Company (Va.) -- Records and correspondence","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Mt. Clinton Telephone Company (Va.)","Mt. Clinton Telephone Company (Va.) -- Records and correspondence"],"persname_ssim":["Geier, Clarence R., 1944-"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:18:57.997Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_278","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_278","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_278","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_278","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_278.xml","title_ssm":["Mt. Clinton Telephone Company Ledger"],"title_tesim":["Mt. Clinton Telephone Company Ledger"],"unitdate_ssm":["1916-1952"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1916-1952"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0131"],"text":["SC 0131","Mt. Clinton Telephone Company Ledger","Telephone companies -- Virginia -- History","Account books","Business records","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The ledger is housed in one folder.","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 3038.","Contains names with assessed and paid amounts for people in the Mt. Clinton area of Rockingham County, Virginia, who had telephone service from 1916 to 1952. The notes \"Share in line,\" \"Share of stock,\" and \"Getting out poles\" appear under some names. In the 1940s, lists of names appear under \"Line Number.\" In the second half of the book there are pages labeled \"Cash paid out\" and Cash received.\" There are also occasional notes indicating that the accounts had been audited.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Mt. Clinton Telephone Company Ledger, 1916-1952, is comprised of one ledger containing individuals' names alongside assessed and paid amounts.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Mt. Clinton Telephone Company (Va.)","Mt. Clinton Telephone Company (Va.) -- Records and correspondence","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0131"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Mt. Clinton Telephone Company Ledger"],"collection_title_tesim":["Mt. Clinton Telephone Company Ledger"],"collection_ssim":["Mt. Clinton Telephone Company Ledger"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"creator_ssm":["Mt. Clinton Telephone Company (Va.)","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-"],"creator_ssim":["Mt. Clinton Telephone Company (Va.)","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Geier, Clarence R., 1944-"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Mt. Clinton Telephone Company (Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Mt. Clinton Telephone Company (Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Dr. Clarence Geier, member of JMU faculty, in February 2003."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Telephone companies -- Virginia -- History","Account books","Business records"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Telephone companies -- Virginia -- History","Account books","Business records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.08 cubic feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.08 cubic feet 1 folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Account books","Business records"],"date_range_isim":[1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe ledger is housed in one folder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The ledger is housed in one folder."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Mt. Clinton Telephone Company Ledger, 1916-1952, SC 0131, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Mt. Clinton Telephone Company Ledger, 1916-1952, SC 0131, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThis collection was previously cataloged as SC 3038.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 3038."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eContains names with assessed and paid amounts for people in the Mt. Clinton area of Rockingham County, Virginia, who had telephone service from 1916 to 1952. The notes \"Share in line,\" \"Share of stock,\" and \"Getting out poles\" appear under some names. In the 1940s, lists of names appear under \"Line Number.\" In the second half of the book there are pages labeled \"Cash paid out\" and Cash received.\" There are also occasional notes indicating that the accounts had been audited.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Contains names with assessed and paid amounts for people in the Mt. Clinton area of Rockingham County, Virginia, who had telephone service from 1916 to 1952. The notes \"Share in line,\" \"Share of stock,\" and \"Getting out poles\" appear under some names. In the 1940s, lists of names appear under \"Line Number.\" In the second half of the book there are pages labeled \"Cash paid out\" and Cash received.\" There are also occasional notes indicating that the accounts had been audited."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_9e848b310e8e9b12e40026d5b25c7327\"\u003eThe Mt. Clinton Telephone Company Ledger, 1916-1952, is comprised of one ledger containing individuals' names alongside assessed and paid amounts.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Mt. Clinton Telephone Company Ledger, 1916-1952, is comprised of one ledger containing individuals' names alongside assessed and paid amounts."],"names_coll_ssim":["Mt. Clinton Telephone Company (Va.) -- Records and correspondence","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Mt. Clinton Telephone Company (Va.)","Mt. Clinton Telephone Company (Va.) -- Records and correspondence","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Mt. Clinton Telephone Company (Va.)","Mt. Clinton Telephone Company (Va.) -- Records and correspondence"],"persname_ssim":["Geier, Clarence R., 1944-"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:18:57.997Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_278"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_298","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"People's Bank Ledger","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_298#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"People's Bank (Harrisonburg, Va.)","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_298#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"One oversize ledger documenting the business transactions of Harrisonburg, Virginia's People's Bank, spanning August 31, 1910 to June 12, 1915.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_298#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_298","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_298","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_298","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_298","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_298.xml","title_ssm":["People's Bank Ledger"],"title_tesim":["People's Bank Ledger"],"unitdate_ssm":["1910-1915"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1910-1915"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0151","/repositories/4/resources/298"],"text":["SC 0151","/repositories/4/resources/298","People's Bank Ledger","Virginia -- Description and travel -- History","Banks and banking -- Virginia -- History","Bank deposits -- Virginia","Banks and banking, American -- History -- 20th century","Real estate business -- Finance","Business enterprises","Cities and towns -- Growth","Ledgers (account books)","Business records","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The ledger is housed in an oversize box.","This bank ledger shows the daily transactions of the People's Bank in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Within five years, the bank's daily balance grew from a little over $4,000 to just over $91,000.","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 3097.  At this time the collection was renamed People's Bank Ledger, a change from Clarence R. Geier Bank Ledger, to more accurately describe the contents.","One oversize ledger documenting the business transactions of Harrisonburg, Virginia's People's Bank, spanning August 31, 1910 to June 12, 1915. The ledger's spine cover is stamped: \"T.C. Fullers Daily Balance General Ledger \u0026 Blotter No. 1\" which likely refers to the company that produced this particular ledger type. Additionally, the spine cover is stamped: \"Mt. Solon Bank, Inc., Mt. Solon, VA.\" Despite this identifying mark, it is assumed, based on internal evidence, that the ledger documents the business transactions of the People's Bank in Harrisonburg. The first note in the book, on page 2, states: \"Peoples Bank, Harrisonburg, VA.\" The ledger begins on August 31, 1910, with a balance of $4,075.00. Amounts are recorded for entries such as real estate, furniture and fixtures, subscriptions paid, certificates, certificates of deposit, checks, etc. The last entry on the last page of the book is dated June 12, 1915, with a bank balance of $91,763.95.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","One oversize ledger documenting the business transactions of Harrisonburg, Virginia's People's Bank, spanning August 31, 1910 to June 12, 1915.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","People's Bank (Harrisonburg, Va.)","Mt. Solon Bank, Inc. (Va.)","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0151","/repositories/4/resources/298"],"normalized_title_ssm":["People's Bank Ledger"],"collection_title_tesim":["People's Bank Ledger"],"collection_ssim":["People's Bank Ledger"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia -- Description and travel -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia -- Description and travel -- History"],"creator_ssm":["People's Bank (Harrisonburg, Va.)","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-"],"creator_ssim":["People's Bank (Harrisonburg, Va.)","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Geier, Clarence R., 1944-"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["People's Bank (Harrisonburg, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","People's Bank (Harrisonburg, Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Virginia -- Description and travel -- History"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Dr. Clarence R. Geier, JMU faculty member, in February 2001."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Banks and banking -- Virginia -- History","Bank deposits -- Virginia","Banks and banking, American -- History -- 20th century","Real estate business -- Finance","Business enterprises","Cities and towns -- Growth","Ledgers (account books)","Business records"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Banks and banking -- Virginia -- History","Bank deposits -- Virginia","Banks and banking, American -- History -- 20th century","Real estate business -- Finance","Business enterprises","Cities and towns -- Growth","Ledgers (account books)","Business records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.73 cubic feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.73 cubic feet 1 box"],"genreform_ssim":["Ledgers (account books)","Business records"],"date_range_isim":[1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe ledger is housed in an oversize box.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The ledger is housed in an oversize box."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis bank ledger shows the daily transactions of the People's Bank in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Within five years, the bank's daily balance grew from a little over $4,000 to just over $91,000.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Administrative History"],"bioghist_tesim":["This bank ledger shows the daily transactions of the People's Bank in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Within five years, the bank's daily balance grew from a little over $4,000 to just over $91,000."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], People's Bank Ledger, 1910-1915, SC 0151, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], People's Bank Ledger, 1910-1915, SC 0151, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThis collection was previously cataloged as SC 3097.\u003c/emph\u003e At this time the collection was renamed People's Bank Ledger, a change from Clarence R. Geier Bank Ledger, to more accurately describe the contents.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 3097.  At this time the collection was renamed People's Bank Ledger, a change from Clarence R. Geier Bank Ledger, to more accurately describe the contents."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOne oversize ledger documenting the business transactions of Harrisonburg, Virginia's People's Bank, spanning August 31, 1910 to June 12, 1915. The ledger's spine cover is stamped: \"T.C. Fullers Daily Balance General Ledger \u0026amp; Blotter No. 1\" which likely refers to the company that produced this particular ledger type. Additionally, the spine cover is stamped: \"Mt. Solon Bank, Inc., Mt. Solon, VA.\" Despite this identifying mark, it is assumed, based on internal evidence, that the ledger documents the business transactions of the People's Bank in Harrisonburg. The first note in the book, on page 2, states: \"Peoples Bank, Harrisonburg, VA.\" The ledger begins on August 31, 1910, with a balance of $4,075.00. Amounts are recorded for entries such as real estate, furniture and fixtures, subscriptions paid, certificates, certificates of deposit, checks, etc. The last entry on the last page of the book is dated June 12, 1915, with a bank balance of $91,763.95.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["One oversize ledger documenting the business transactions of Harrisonburg, Virginia's People's Bank, spanning August 31, 1910 to June 12, 1915. The ledger's spine cover is stamped: \"T.C. Fullers Daily Balance General Ledger \u0026 Blotter No. 1\" which likely refers to the company that produced this particular ledger type. Additionally, the spine cover is stamped: \"Mt. Solon Bank, Inc., Mt. Solon, VA.\" Despite this identifying mark, it is assumed, based on internal evidence, that the ledger documents the business transactions of the People's Bank in Harrisonburg. The first note in the book, on page 2, states: \"Peoples Bank, Harrisonburg, VA.\" The ledger begins on August 31, 1910, with a balance of $4,075.00. Amounts are recorded for entries such as real estate, furniture and fixtures, subscriptions paid, certificates, certificates of deposit, checks, etc. The last entry on the last page of the book is dated June 12, 1915, with a bank balance of $91,763.95."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_48988b4d8bb9a33bace2678b8ec4ead3\"\u003eOne oversize ledger documenting the business transactions of Harrisonburg, Virginia's People's Bank, spanning August 31, 1910 to June 12, 1915.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["One oversize ledger documenting the business transactions of Harrisonburg, Virginia's People's Bank, spanning August 31, 1910 to June 12, 1915."],"names_coll_ssim":["Mt. Solon Bank, Inc. (Va.)","People's Bank (Harrisonburg, Va.)","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","People's Bank (Harrisonburg, Va.)","Mt. Solon Bank, Inc. (Va.)","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","People's Bank (Harrisonburg, Va.)","Mt. Solon Bank, Inc. (Va.)"],"persname_ssim":["Geier, Clarence R., 1944-"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:21:18.584Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_298","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_298","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_298","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_298","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_298.xml","title_ssm":["People's Bank Ledger"],"title_tesim":["People's Bank Ledger"],"unitdate_ssm":["1910-1915"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1910-1915"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0151","/repositories/4/resources/298"],"text":["SC 0151","/repositories/4/resources/298","People's Bank Ledger","Virginia -- Description and travel -- History","Banks and banking -- Virginia -- History","Bank deposits -- Virginia","Banks and banking, American -- History -- 20th century","Real estate business -- Finance","Business enterprises","Cities and towns -- Growth","Ledgers (account books)","Business records","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The ledger is housed in an oversize box.","This bank ledger shows the daily transactions of the People's Bank in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Within five years, the bank's daily balance grew from a little over $4,000 to just over $91,000.","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 3097.  At this time the collection was renamed People's Bank Ledger, a change from Clarence R. Geier Bank Ledger, to more accurately describe the contents.","One oversize ledger documenting the business transactions of Harrisonburg, Virginia's People's Bank, spanning August 31, 1910 to June 12, 1915. The ledger's spine cover is stamped: \"T.C. Fullers Daily Balance General Ledger \u0026 Blotter No. 1\" which likely refers to the company that produced this particular ledger type. Additionally, the spine cover is stamped: \"Mt. Solon Bank, Inc., Mt. Solon, VA.\" Despite this identifying mark, it is assumed, based on internal evidence, that the ledger documents the business transactions of the People's Bank in Harrisonburg. The first note in the book, on page 2, states: \"Peoples Bank, Harrisonburg, VA.\" The ledger begins on August 31, 1910, with a balance of $4,075.00. Amounts are recorded for entries such as real estate, furniture and fixtures, subscriptions paid, certificates, certificates of deposit, checks, etc. The last entry on the last page of the book is dated June 12, 1915, with a bank balance of $91,763.95.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","One oversize ledger documenting the business transactions of Harrisonburg, Virginia's People's Bank, spanning August 31, 1910 to June 12, 1915.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","People's Bank (Harrisonburg, Va.)","Mt. Solon Bank, Inc. (Va.)","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0151","/repositories/4/resources/298"],"normalized_title_ssm":["People's Bank Ledger"],"collection_title_tesim":["People's Bank Ledger"],"collection_ssim":["People's Bank Ledger"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia -- Description and travel -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia -- Description and travel -- History"],"creator_ssm":["People's Bank (Harrisonburg, Va.)","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-"],"creator_ssim":["People's Bank (Harrisonburg, Va.)","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Geier, Clarence R., 1944-"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["People's Bank (Harrisonburg, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","People's Bank (Harrisonburg, Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Virginia -- Description and travel -- History"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Dr. Clarence R. Geier, JMU faculty member, in February 2001."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Banks and banking -- Virginia -- History","Bank deposits -- Virginia","Banks and banking, American -- History -- 20th century","Real estate business -- Finance","Business enterprises","Cities and towns -- Growth","Ledgers (account books)","Business records"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Banks and banking -- Virginia -- History","Bank deposits -- Virginia","Banks and banking, American -- History -- 20th century","Real estate business -- Finance","Business enterprises","Cities and towns -- Growth","Ledgers (account books)","Business records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.73 cubic feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.73 cubic feet 1 box"],"genreform_ssim":["Ledgers (account books)","Business records"],"date_range_isim":[1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe ledger is housed in an oversize box.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The ledger is housed in an oversize box."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis bank ledger shows the daily transactions of the People's Bank in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Within five years, the bank's daily balance grew from a little over $4,000 to just over $91,000.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Administrative History"],"bioghist_tesim":["This bank ledger shows the daily transactions of the People's Bank in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Within five years, the bank's daily balance grew from a little over $4,000 to just over $91,000."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], People's Bank Ledger, 1910-1915, SC 0151, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], People's Bank Ledger, 1910-1915, SC 0151, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThis collection was previously cataloged as SC 3097.\u003c/emph\u003e At this time the collection was renamed People's Bank Ledger, a change from Clarence R. Geier Bank Ledger, to more accurately describe the contents.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 3097.  At this time the collection was renamed People's Bank Ledger, a change from Clarence R. Geier Bank Ledger, to more accurately describe the contents."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOne oversize ledger documenting the business transactions of Harrisonburg, Virginia's People's Bank, spanning August 31, 1910 to June 12, 1915. The ledger's spine cover is stamped: \"T.C. Fullers Daily Balance General Ledger \u0026amp; Blotter No. 1\" which likely refers to the company that produced this particular ledger type. Additionally, the spine cover is stamped: \"Mt. Solon Bank, Inc., Mt. Solon, VA.\" Despite this identifying mark, it is assumed, based on internal evidence, that the ledger documents the business transactions of the People's Bank in Harrisonburg. The first note in the book, on page 2, states: \"Peoples Bank, Harrisonburg, VA.\" The ledger begins on August 31, 1910, with a balance of $4,075.00. Amounts are recorded for entries such as real estate, furniture and fixtures, subscriptions paid, certificates, certificates of deposit, checks, etc. The last entry on the last page of the book is dated June 12, 1915, with a bank balance of $91,763.95.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["One oversize ledger documenting the business transactions of Harrisonburg, Virginia's People's Bank, spanning August 31, 1910 to June 12, 1915. The ledger's spine cover is stamped: \"T.C. Fullers Daily Balance General Ledger \u0026 Blotter No. 1\" which likely refers to the company that produced this particular ledger type. Additionally, the spine cover is stamped: \"Mt. Solon Bank, Inc., Mt. Solon, VA.\" Despite this identifying mark, it is assumed, based on internal evidence, that the ledger documents the business transactions of the People's Bank in Harrisonburg. The first note in the book, on page 2, states: \"Peoples Bank, Harrisonburg, VA.\" The ledger begins on August 31, 1910, with a balance of $4,075.00. Amounts are recorded for entries such as real estate, furniture and fixtures, subscriptions paid, certificates, certificates of deposit, checks, etc. The last entry on the last page of the book is dated June 12, 1915, with a bank balance of $91,763.95."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_48988b4d8bb9a33bace2678b8ec4ead3\"\u003eOne oversize ledger documenting the business transactions of Harrisonburg, Virginia's People's Bank, spanning August 31, 1910 to June 12, 1915.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["One oversize ledger documenting the business transactions of Harrisonburg, Virginia's People's Bank, spanning August 31, 1910 to June 12, 1915."],"names_coll_ssim":["Mt. Solon Bank, Inc. (Va.)","People's Bank (Harrisonburg, Va.)","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","People's Bank (Harrisonburg, Va.)","Mt. Solon Bank, Inc. (Va.)","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","People's Bank (Harrisonburg, Va.)","Mt. Solon Bank, Inc. (Va.)"],"persname_ssim":["Geier, Clarence R., 1944-"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:21:18.584Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_298"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_620","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Stokesville and North River Gap oral histories","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_620#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_620#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Stokesville and North River Gap Oral Histories, 1996-1997, are comprised of audio interviews, census data, genealogy research and scans of photographs related to prominent families of the North River Gap area and town of Stokesville, in Augusta County, Virginia.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_620#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_620","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_620","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_620","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_620","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_620.xml","title_ssm":["Stokesville and North River Gap oral histories"],"title_tesim":["Stokesville and North River Gap oral histories"],"unitdate_ssm":["1996-1997"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1996-1997"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SdArch 0035","/repositories/4/resources/620"],"text":["SdArch 0035","/repositories/4/resources/620","Stokesville and North River Gap oral histories","Augusta County (Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Mountain people -- Virginia -- Augusta County -- Social life and customs","Mountain life -- Virginia -- Augusta County -- History","Tanneries -- Virginia -- Augusta County -- History","Lumber trade -- Virginia -- Augusta County","Buildings -- Virginia -- Augusta County","oral histories (literary works)","Audio is restricted pending processing. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The interviews are arranged alphabetically by last name, and further arranged chronologically.","Nash, Carole. \"Kay Veith Named ASV Avocational Archaeologist of the Year,\" Archeological Society of Virginia Massanutten Chapter. Volume 35, Issue 11, November 2014. http://www.mcasv.org/Points/NOV_2014.pdf (accessed on July 23, 2018). ","The collection is comprised of research materials created by Kay Veith, Kathryn Monger and C. Thomas Chapman, James Madison University students who took courses taught by Dr. Clarence Geier, professor of Anthropology. Their research contributed to the book, \"North River Gap – Stokesville, Augusta County, Virginia: A Selected Genealogy and Oral History of Residents,\" authored by Kay Veith, with contributions by Carole Nation and Clarence Geier, published in 1996. The project was a joint venture between members of the JMU history and anthropology departments, and the George Washington and Jefferson National Forests of Roanoke. Photograph scans were made from photographs belonging to individuals that participated in field survey.","Dr. Clarence Geier is a professor emeritus of Anthropology at James Madison University, where one of his primary research areas was the archeology of the American Civil War, specifically in the Shenandoah Valley. Kay Veith, who conducted many of the oral histories in this collection, was a student at JMU in the mid-1990s. Veith was a member of the Massanutten Chapter of the Archeological Society of Virginia, where she served as Secretary and chief organizer. Veith conducted fieldwork on many projects, including the Shenandoah National Park Archaeological Survey Program in the early 2000s. James Madison University established the Kay Veith Field Archeology Award to support young archeologists. Kathryn Monger undertook the geneology project on Reba Sirk Floyd.","\"North River Gap – Stokesville, Augusta County, Virginia: a selected geneology and oral history of residents\" Kay Veith; with contributions by Carole Nash and Clarence R. Geier. James Madison University, Dept. of Sociology and Anthropology, 1999.","The Stokesville and North River Gap Oral Histories, 1996-1997, is comprised of audiorecordings and research files from the professional papers of Dr. Clarence Geier, a professor emeritus of Sociology and Anthropology at James Madison University. Materials include recordings, scanned photographs and other documents gathered from oral histories conducted with people in the Stokesville, and North River Gap area in August County. Narrators in the recordings discuss various topics, including the practice of tanbarking, the flood of 1949 in Stokesville, buildings in Stokesville, the Mt. Solon CCC camp, and personal family histories. The collection also contains genealogical studies of the North River Gap area.","Family names represented in the collection include Maichel, Sheffer (Scheffer, Shaver), Hise, Cramer, Loyd, Floyd, Todd, Daggy, Wilfong, Sirk, Karicofe, among others.","Rights assessment is the responsibility of the researchers. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Stokesville and North River Gap Oral Histories, 1996-1997, are comprised of audio interviews, census data, genealogy research and scans of photographs related to prominent families of the North River Gap area and town of Stokesville, in Augusta County, Virginia.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Civilian Conservation Corps (U.S.). Camp Mt. Solon -- History","Cramer family","Todd family","Lloyd family","Michael family","Shaffer family","Floyd family","Heiss family","Wilfong family","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Veith, Kay","Chapman, C. Thomas","Monger, Kathryn","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SdArch 0035","/repositories/4/resources/620"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Stokesville and North River Gap oral histories"],"collection_title_tesim":["Stokesville and North River Gap oral histories"],"collection_ssim":["Stokesville and North River Gap oral histories"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Augusta County (Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Augusta County (Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Veith, Kay","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Chapman, C. Thomas","Monger, Kathryn"],"creator_ssim":["Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Veith, Kay","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Chapman, C. Thomas","Monger, Kathryn"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Veith, Kay","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Chapman, C. Thomas","Monger, Kathryn"],"creators_ssim":["Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Veith, Kay","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Chapman, C. Thomas","Monger, Kathryn"],"places_ssim":["Augusta County (Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History"],"access_terms_ssm":["Rights assessment is the responsibility of the researchers. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Materials were transferred by Dr. Clarence Geier on September 11, 2017."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Mountain people -- Virginia -- Augusta County -- Social life and customs","Mountain life -- Virginia -- Augusta County -- History","Tanneries -- Virginia -- Augusta County -- History","Lumber trade -- Virginia -- Augusta County","Buildings -- Virginia -- Augusta County","oral histories (literary works)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Mountain people -- Virginia -- Augusta County -- Social life and customs","Mountain life -- Virginia -- Augusta County -- History","Tanneries -- Virginia -- Augusta County -- History","Lumber trade -- Virginia -- Augusta County","Buildings -- Virginia -- Augusta County","oral histories (literary works)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.42 cubic feet 1 box, 14 audiocassettes"],"extent_tesim":["0.42 cubic feet 1 box, 14 audiocassettes"],"genreform_ssim":["oral histories (literary works)"],"date_range_isim":[1996,1997],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAudio is restricted pending processing. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Audio is restricted pending processing. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe interviews are arranged alphabetically by last name, and further arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The interviews are arranged alphabetically by last name, and further arranged chronologically."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eNash, Carole. \"Kay Veith Named ASV Avocational Archaeologist of the Year,\" Archeological Society of Virginia Massanutten Chapter. Volume 35, Issue 11, November 2014. http://www.mcasv.org/Points/NOV_2014.pdf (accessed on July 23, 2018). \u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Nash, Carole. \"Kay Veith Named ASV Avocational Archaeologist of the Year,\" Archeological Society of Virginia Massanutten Chapter. Volume 35, Issue 11, November 2014. http://www.mcasv.org/Points/NOV_2014.pdf (accessed on July 23, 2018). "],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is comprised of research materials created by Kay Veith, Kathryn Monger and C. Thomas Chapman, James Madison University students who took courses taught by Dr. Clarence Geier, professor of Anthropology. Their research contributed to the book, \"North River Gap – Stokesville, Augusta County, Virginia: A Selected Genealogy and Oral History of Residents,\" authored by Kay Veith, with contributions by Carole Nation and Clarence Geier, published in 1996. The project was a joint venture between members of the JMU history and anthropology departments, and the George Washington and Jefferson National Forests of Roanoke. Photograph scans were made from photographs belonging to individuals that participated in field survey.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDr. Clarence Geier is a professor emeritus of Anthropology at James Madison University, where one of his primary research areas was the archeology of the American Civil War, specifically in the Shenandoah Valley. Kay Veith, who conducted many of the oral histories in this collection, was a student at JMU in the mid-1990s. Veith was a member of the Massanutten Chapter of the Archeological Society of Virginia, where she served as Secretary and chief organizer. Veith conducted fieldwork on many projects, including the Shenandoah National Park Archaeological Survey Program in the early 2000s. James Madison University established the Kay Veith Field Archeology Award to support young archeologists. Kathryn Monger undertook the geneology project on Reba Sirk Floyd.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The collection is comprised of research materials created by Kay Veith, Kathryn Monger and C. Thomas Chapman, James Madison University students who took courses taught by Dr. Clarence Geier, professor of Anthropology. Their research contributed to the book, \"North River Gap – Stokesville, Augusta County, Virginia: A Selected Genealogy and Oral History of Residents,\" authored by Kay Veith, with contributions by Carole Nation and Clarence Geier, published in 1996. The project was a joint venture between members of the JMU history and anthropology departments, and the George Washington and Jefferson National Forests of Roanoke. Photograph scans were made from photographs belonging to individuals that participated in field survey.","Dr. Clarence Geier is a professor emeritus of Anthropology at James Madison University, where one of his primary research areas was the archeology of the American Civil War, specifically in the Shenandoah Valley. Kay Veith, who conducted many of the oral histories in this collection, was a student at JMU in the mid-1990s. Veith was a member of the Massanutten Chapter of the Archeological Society of Virginia, where she served as Secretary and chief organizer. Veith conducted fieldwork on many projects, including the Shenandoah National Park Archaeological Survey Program in the early 2000s. James Madison University established the Kay Veith Field Archeology Award to support young archeologists. Kathryn Monger undertook the geneology project on Reba Sirk Floyd."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Stokesville and North River Gap Oral Histories, 1996-1997, SdArch 0035, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Stokesville and North River Gap Oral Histories, 1996-1997, SdArch 0035, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\"North River Gap – Stokesville, Augusta County, Virginia: a selected geneology and oral history of residents\" Kay Veith; with contributions by Carole Nash and Clarence R. Geier. James Madison University, Dept. of Sociology and Anthropology, 1999.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Resources"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["\"North River Gap – Stokesville, Augusta County, Virginia: a selected geneology and oral history of residents\" Kay Veith; with contributions by Carole Nash and Clarence R. Geier. James Madison University, Dept. of Sociology and Anthropology, 1999."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Stokesville and North River Gap Oral Histories, 1996-1997, is comprised of audiorecordings and research files from the professional papers of Dr. Clarence Geier, a professor emeritus of Sociology and Anthropology at James Madison University. Materials include recordings, scanned photographs and other documents gathered from oral histories conducted with people in the Stokesville, and North River Gap area in August County. Narrators in the recordings discuss various topics, including the practice of tanbarking, the flood of 1949 in Stokesville, buildings in Stokesville, the Mt. Solon CCC camp, and personal family histories. The collection also contains genealogical studies of the North River Gap area.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFamily names represented in the collection include Maichel, Sheffer (Scheffer, Shaver), Hise, Cramer, Loyd, Floyd, Todd, Daggy, Wilfong, Sirk, Karicofe, among others.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Stokesville and North River Gap Oral Histories, 1996-1997, is comprised of audiorecordings and research files from the professional papers of Dr. Clarence Geier, a professor emeritus of Sociology and Anthropology at James Madison University. Materials include recordings, scanned photographs and other documents gathered from oral histories conducted with people in the Stokesville, and North River Gap area in August County. Narrators in the recordings discuss various topics, including the practice of tanbarking, the flood of 1949 in Stokesville, buildings in Stokesville, the Mt. Solon CCC camp, and personal family histories. The collection also contains genealogical studies of the North River Gap area.","Family names represented in the collection include Maichel, Sheffer (Scheffer, Shaver), Hise, Cramer, Loyd, Floyd, Todd, Daggy, Wilfong, Sirk, Karicofe, among others."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRights assessment is the responsibility of the researchers. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Conditions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Rights assessment is the responsibility of the researchers. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_8af08bf9db83ce698467111bce4f8b36\"\u003eThe Stokesville and North River Gap Oral Histories, 1996-1997, are comprised of audio interviews, census data, genealogy research and scans of photographs related to prominent families of the North River Gap area and town of Stokesville, in Augusta County, Virginia.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Stokesville and North River Gap Oral Histories, 1996-1997, are comprised of audio interviews, census data, genealogy research and scans of photographs related to prominent families of the North River Gap area and town of Stokesville, in Augusta County, Virginia."],"names_coll_ssim":["Civilian Conservation Corps (U.S.). Camp Mt. Solon -- History","Cramer family","Todd family","Lloyd family","Michael family","Shaffer family","Floyd family","Heiss family","Wilfong family","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Civilian Conservation Corps (U.S.). Camp Mt. Solon -- History","Cramer family","Todd family","Lloyd family","Michael family","Shaffer family","Floyd family","Heiss family","Wilfong family","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Veith, Kay","Chapman, C. Thomas","Monger, Kathryn"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Civilian Conservation Corps (U.S.). Camp Mt. Solon -- History"],"famname_ssim":["Cramer family","Todd family","Lloyd family","Michael family","Shaffer family","Floyd family","Heiss family","Wilfong family"],"persname_ssim":["Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Veith, Kay","Chapman, C. Thomas","Monger, Kathryn"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":27,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:24:55.317Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_620","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_620","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_620","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_620","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_620.xml","title_ssm":["Stokesville and North River Gap oral histories"],"title_tesim":["Stokesville and North River Gap oral histories"],"unitdate_ssm":["1996-1997"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1996-1997"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SdArch 0035","/repositories/4/resources/620"],"text":["SdArch 0035","/repositories/4/resources/620","Stokesville and North River Gap oral histories","Augusta County (Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Mountain people -- Virginia -- Augusta County -- Social life and customs","Mountain life -- Virginia -- Augusta County -- History","Tanneries -- Virginia -- Augusta County -- History","Lumber trade -- Virginia -- Augusta County","Buildings -- Virginia -- Augusta County","oral histories (literary works)","Audio is restricted pending processing. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The interviews are arranged alphabetically by last name, and further arranged chronologically.","Nash, Carole. \"Kay Veith Named ASV Avocational Archaeologist of the Year,\" Archeological Society of Virginia Massanutten Chapter. Volume 35, Issue 11, November 2014. http://www.mcasv.org/Points/NOV_2014.pdf (accessed on July 23, 2018). ","The collection is comprised of research materials created by Kay Veith, Kathryn Monger and C. Thomas Chapman, James Madison University students who took courses taught by Dr. Clarence Geier, professor of Anthropology. Their research contributed to the book, \"North River Gap – Stokesville, Augusta County, Virginia: A Selected Genealogy and Oral History of Residents,\" authored by Kay Veith, with contributions by Carole Nation and Clarence Geier, published in 1996. The project was a joint venture between members of the JMU history and anthropology departments, and the George Washington and Jefferson National Forests of Roanoke. Photograph scans were made from photographs belonging to individuals that participated in field survey.","Dr. Clarence Geier is a professor emeritus of Anthropology at James Madison University, where one of his primary research areas was the archeology of the American Civil War, specifically in the Shenandoah Valley. Kay Veith, who conducted many of the oral histories in this collection, was a student at JMU in the mid-1990s. Veith was a member of the Massanutten Chapter of the Archeological Society of Virginia, where she served as Secretary and chief organizer. Veith conducted fieldwork on many projects, including the Shenandoah National Park Archaeological Survey Program in the early 2000s. James Madison University established the Kay Veith Field Archeology Award to support young archeologists. Kathryn Monger undertook the geneology project on Reba Sirk Floyd.","\"North River Gap – Stokesville, Augusta County, Virginia: a selected geneology and oral history of residents\" Kay Veith; with contributions by Carole Nash and Clarence R. Geier. James Madison University, Dept. of Sociology and Anthropology, 1999.","The Stokesville and North River Gap Oral Histories, 1996-1997, is comprised of audiorecordings and research files from the professional papers of Dr. Clarence Geier, a professor emeritus of Sociology and Anthropology at James Madison University. Materials include recordings, scanned photographs and other documents gathered from oral histories conducted with people in the Stokesville, and North River Gap area in August County. Narrators in the recordings discuss various topics, including the practice of tanbarking, the flood of 1949 in Stokesville, buildings in Stokesville, the Mt. Solon CCC camp, and personal family histories. The collection also contains genealogical studies of the North River Gap area.","Family names represented in the collection include Maichel, Sheffer (Scheffer, Shaver), Hise, Cramer, Loyd, Floyd, Todd, Daggy, Wilfong, Sirk, Karicofe, among others.","Rights assessment is the responsibility of the researchers. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Stokesville and North River Gap Oral Histories, 1996-1997, are comprised of audio interviews, census data, genealogy research and scans of photographs related to prominent families of the North River Gap area and town of Stokesville, in Augusta County, Virginia.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Civilian Conservation Corps (U.S.). Camp Mt. Solon -- History","Cramer family","Todd family","Lloyd family","Michael family","Shaffer family","Floyd family","Heiss family","Wilfong family","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Veith, Kay","Chapman, C. Thomas","Monger, Kathryn","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SdArch 0035","/repositories/4/resources/620"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Stokesville and North River Gap oral histories"],"collection_title_tesim":["Stokesville and North River Gap oral histories"],"collection_ssim":["Stokesville and North River Gap oral histories"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Augusta County (Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Augusta County (Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Veith, Kay","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Chapman, C. Thomas","Monger, Kathryn"],"creator_ssim":["Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Veith, Kay","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Chapman, C. Thomas","Monger, Kathryn"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Veith, Kay","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Chapman, C. Thomas","Monger, Kathryn"],"creators_ssim":["Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Veith, Kay","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Chapman, C. Thomas","Monger, Kathryn"],"places_ssim":["Augusta County (Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History"],"access_terms_ssm":["Rights assessment is the responsibility of the researchers. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Materials were transferred by Dr. Clarence Geier on September 11, 2017."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Mountain people -- Virginia -- Augusta County -- Social life and customs","Mountain life -- Virginia -- Augusta County -- History","Tanneries -- Virginia -- Augusta County -- History","Lumber trade -- Virginia -- Augusta County","Buildings -- Virginia -- Augusta County","oral histories (literary works)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Mountain people -- Virginia -- Augusta County -- Social life and customs","Mountain life -- Virginia -- Augusta County -- History","Tanneries -- Virginia -- Augusta County -- History","Lumber trade -- Virginia -- Augusta County","Buildings -- Virginia -- Augusta County","oral histories (literary works)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.42 cubic feet 1 box, 14 audiocassettes"],"extent_tesim":["0.42 cubic feet 1 box, 14 audiocassettes"],"genreform_ssim":["oral histories (literary works)"],"date_range_isim":[1996,1997],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAudio is restricted pending processing. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Audio is restricted pending processing. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe interviews are arranged alphabetically by last name, and further arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The interviews are arranged alphabetically by last name, and further arranged chronologically."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eNash, Carole. \"Kay Veith Named ASV Avocational Archaeologist of the Year,\" Archeological Society of Virginia Massanutten Chapter. Volume 35, Issue 11, November 2014. http://www.mcasv.org/Points/NOV_2014.pdf (accessed on July 23, 2018). \u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Nash, Carole. \"Kay Veith Named ASV Avocational Archaeologist of the Year,\" Archeological Society of Virginia Massanutten Chapter. Volume 35, Issue 11, November 2014. http://www.mcasv.org/Points/NOV_2014.pdf (accessed on July 23, 2018). "],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is comprised of research materials created by Kay Veith, Kathryn Monger and C. Thomas Chapman, James Madison University students who took courses taught by Dr. Clarence Geier, professor of Anthropology. Their research contributed to the book, \"North River Gap – Stokesville, Augusta County, Virginia: A Selected Genealogy and Oral History of Residents,\" authored by Kay Veith, with contributions by Carole Nation and Clarence Geier, published in 1996. The project was a joint venture between members of the JMU history and anthropology departments, and the George Washington and Jefferson National Forests of Roanoke. Photograph scans were made from photographs belonging to individuals that participated in field survey.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDr. Clarence Geier is a professor emeritus of Anthropology at James Madison University, where one of his primary research areas was the archeology of the American Civil War, specifically in the Shenandoah Valley. Kay Veith, who conducted many of the oral histories in this collection, was a student at JMU in the mid-1990s. Veith was a member of the Massanutten Chapter of the Archeological Society of Virginia, where she served as Secretary and chief organizer. Veith conducted fieldwork on many projects, including the Shenandoah National Park Archaeological Survey Program in the early 2000s. James Madison University established the Kay Veith Field Archeology Award to support young archeologists. Kathryn Monger undertook the geneology project on Reba Sirk Floyd.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The collection is comprised of research materials created by Kay Veith, Kathryn Monger and C. Thomas Chapman, James Madison University students who took courses taught by Dr. Clarence Geier, professor of Anthropology. Their research contributed to the book, \"North River Gap – Stokesville, Augusta County, Virginia: A Selected Genealogy and Oral History of Residents,\" authored by Kay Veith, with contributions by Carole Nation and Clarence Geier, published in 1996. The project was a joint venture between members of the JMU history and anthropology departments, and the George Washington and Jefferson National Forests of Roanoke. Photograph scans were made from photographs belonging to individuals that participated in field survey.","Dr. Clarence Geier is a professor emeritus of Anthropology at James Madison University, where one of his primary research areas was the archeology of the American Civil War, specifically in the Shenandoah Valley. Kay Veith, who conducted many of the oral histories in this collection, was a student at JMU in the mid-1990s. Veith was a member of the Massanutten Chapter of the Archeological Society of Virginia, where she served as Secretary and chief organizer. Veith conducted fieldwork on many projects, including the Shenandoah National Park Archaeological Survey Program in the early 2000s. James Madison University established the Kay Veith Field Archeology Award to support young archeologists. Kathryn Monger undertook the geneology project on Reba Sirk Floyd."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Stokesville and North River Gap Oral Histories, 1996-1997, SdArch 0035, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Stokesville and North River Gap Oral Histories, 1996-1997, SdArch 0035, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\"North River Gap – Stokesville, Augusta County, Virginia: a selected geneology and oral history of residents\" Kay Veith; with contributions by Carole Nash and Clarence R. Geier. James Madison University, Dept. of Sociology and Anthropology, 1999.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Resources"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["\"North River Gap – Stokesville, Augusta County, Virginia: a selected geneology and oral history of residents\" Kay Veith; with contributions by Carole Nash and Clarence R. Geier. James Madison University, Dept. of Sociology and Anthropology, 1999."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Stokesville and North River Gap Oral Histories, 1996-1997, is comprised of audiorecordings and research files from the professional papers of Dr. Clarence Geier, a professor emeritus of Sociology and Anthropology at James Madison University. Materials include recordings, scanned photographs and other documents gathered from oral histories conducted with people in the Stokesville, and North River Gap area in August County. Narrators in the recordings discuss various topics, including the practice of tanbarking, the flood of 1949 in Stokesville, buildings in Stokesville, the Mt. Solon CCC camp, and personal family histories. The collection also contains genealogical studies of the North River Gap area.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFamily names represented in the collection include Maichel, Sheffer (Scheffer, Shaver), Hise, Cramer, Loyd, Floyd, Todd, Daggy, Wilfong, Sirk, Karicofe, among others.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Stokesville and North River Gap Oral Histories, 1996-1997, is comprised of audiorecordings and research files from the professional papers of Dr. Clarence Geier, a professor emeritus of Sociology and Anthropology at James Madison University. Materials include recordings, scanned photographs and other documents gathered from oral histories conducted with people in the Stokesville, and North River Gap area in August County. Narrators in the recordings discuss various topics, including the practice of tanbarking, the flood of 1949 in Stokesville, buildings in Stokesville, the Mt. Solon CCC camp, and personal family histories. The collection also contains genealogical studies of the North River Gap area.","Family names represented in the collection include Maichel, Sheffer (Scheffer, Shaver), Hise, Cramer, Loyd, Floyd, Todd, Daggy, Wilfong, Sirk, Karicofe, among others."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRights assessment is the responsibility of the researchers. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Conditions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Rights assessment is the responsibility of the researchers. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_8af08bf9db83ce698467111bce4f8b36\"\u003eThe Stokesville and North River Gap Oral Histories, 1996-1997, are comprised of audio interviews, census data, genealogy research and scans of photographs related to prominent families of the North River Gap area and town of Stokesville, in Augusta County, Virginia.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Stokesville and North River Gap Oral Histories, 1996-1997, are comprised of audio interviews, census data, genealogy research and scans of photographs related to prominent families of the North River Gap area and town of Stokesville, in Augusta County, Virginia."],"names_coll_ssim":["Civilian Conservation Corps (U.S.). Camp Mt. Solon -- History","Cramer family","Todd family","Lloyd family","Michael family","Shaffer family","Floyd family","Heiss family","Wilfong family","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Civilian Conservation Corps (U.S.). Camp Mt. Solon -- History","Cramer family","Todd family","Lloyd family","Michael family","Shaffer family","Floyd family","Heiss family","Wilfong family","Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Veith, Kay","Chapman, C. Thomas","Monger, Kathryn"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Civilian Conservation Corps (U.S.). Camp Mt. Solon -- History"],"famname_ssim":["Cramer family","Todd family","Lloyd family","Michael family","Shaffer family","Floyd family","Heiss family","Wilfong family"],"persname_ssim":["Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","Veith, Kay","Chapman, C. Thomas","Monger, Kathryn"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":27,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:24:55.317Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_620"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"James Madison University","value":"James Madison University","hits":6},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University\u0026view=compact"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Chesapeake Western Railway Company Records","value":"Chesapeake Western Railway Company Records","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Chesapeake+Western+Railway+Company+Records\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Iron Foundry Ledger","value":"Iron Foundry Ledger","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Iron+Foundry+Ledger\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Mt. Clinton Telephone Company Ledger","value":"Mt. Clinton Telephone Company Ledger","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Mt.+Clinton+Telephone+Company+Ledger\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"People's Bank Ledger","value":"People's Bank Ledger","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=People%27s+Bank+Ledger\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records","value":"Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar Records","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+Valley+Regional+Studies+Seminar+Records\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Stokesville and North River Gap oral histories","value":"Stokesville and North River Gap oral histories","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Stokesville+and+North+River+Gap+oral+histories\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026view=compact"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/collection_ssim.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"facet","id":"date_range_isim","attributes":{"label":"Date range","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"1797","value":"1797","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1797\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1798","value":"1798","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1798\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1910","value":"1910","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1910\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1911","value":"1911","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1911\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1912","value":"1912","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1912\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1913","value":"1913","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1913\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1914","value":"1914","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1914\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1915","value":"1915","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1915\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1916","value":"1916","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1916\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1917","value":"1917","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1917\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1918","value":"1918","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1918\u0026view=compact"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/date_range_isim.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"facet","id":"creator_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Creator","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Chapman, C. Thomas","value":"Chapman, C. Thomas","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Chapman%2C+C.+Thomas\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Chesapeake Beach Railway Museum","value":"Chesapeake Beach Railway Museum","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Chesapeake+Beach+Railway+Museum\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Chesapeake Western Railway","value":"Chesapeake Western Railway","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Chesapeake+Western+Railway\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","value":"Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","hits":6},"links":{"remove":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Hyser, Raymond M., 1955-","value":"Hyser, Raymond M., 1955-","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Hyser%2C+Raymond+M.%2C+1955-\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Monger, Kathryn","value":"Monger, Kathryn","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Monger%2C+Kathryn\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Mt. Clinton Telephone Company (Va.)","value":"Mt. Clinton Telephone Company (Va.)","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Mt.+Clinton+Telephone+Company+%28Va.%29\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"People's Bank (Harrisonburg, Va.)","value":"People's Bank (Harrisonburg, Va.)","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=People%27s+Bank+%28Harrisonburg%2C+Va.%29\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Veith, Kay","value":"Veith, Kay","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Veith%2C+Kay\u0026view=compact"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/creator_ssim.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"facet","id":"names_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Names","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Chapman, C. Thomas","value":"Chapman, C. Thomas","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Chapman%2C+C.+Thomas\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Chesapeake Beach Railway Museum","value":"Chesapeake Beach Railway Museum","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Chesapeake+Beach+Railway+Museum\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Chesapeake Western Railway","value":"Chesapeake Western Railway","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Chesapeake+Western+Railway\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Civilian Conservation Corps (U.S.). Camp Mt. Solon -- History","value":"Civilian Conservation Corps (U.S.). Camp Mt. Solon -- History","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Civilian+Conservation+Corps+%28U.S.%29.+Camp+Mt.+Solon+--+History\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Cramer family","value":"Cramer family","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Cramer+family\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Floyd family","value":"Floyd family","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Floyd+family\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","value":"Geier, Clarence R., 1944-","hits":6},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Heiss family","value":"Heiss family","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Heiss+family\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Hyser, Raymond M., 1955-","value":"Hyser, Raymond M., 1955-","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Hyser%2C+Raymond+M.%2C+1955-\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","value":"James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","hits":5},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University+Libraries+Special+Collections\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Johnson, Edward, 1816-1873","value":"Johnson, Edward, 1816-1873","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Johnson%2C+Edward%2C+1816-1873\u0026view=compact"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/names_ssim.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"facet","id":"geogname_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Places","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Augusta County (Va.) -- History","value":"Augusta County (Va.) -- History","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Augusta+County+%28Va.%29+--+History\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Augusta County (Va.) -- Industries -- Sources","value":"Augusta County (Va.) -- Industries -- Sources","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Augusta+County+%28Va.%29+--+Industries+--+Sources\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Bridgewater (Va.) -- History","value":"Bridgewater (Va.) -- History","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Bridgewater+%28Va.%29+--+History\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Elkton (Va.) -- History","value":"Elkton (Va.) -- History","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Elkton+%28Va.%29+--+History\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","value":"Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Harrisonburg+%28Va.%29+--+History\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Mt. Solon (Va.) -- History","value":"Mt. Solon (Va.) -- History","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Mt.+Solon+%28Va.%29+--+History\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Rockingham County (Va.) -- Industries -- Sources","value":"Rockingham County (Va.) -- Industries -- Sources","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Rockingham+County+%28Va.%29+--+Industries+--+Sources\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","value":"Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+County+%28Va.%29+--+History\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","value":"Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+River+Valley+%28Va.+and+W.+Va.%29+--+History\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Transportation -- History -- Sources","value":"Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Transportation -- History -- Sources","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Shenandoah+River+Valley+%28Va.+and+W.+Va.%29+--+Transportation+--+History+--+Sources\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Stokesville (Va.) -- History","value":"Stokesville (Va.) -- History","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Stokesville+%28Va.%29+--+History\u0026view=compact"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/geogname_ssim.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"facet","id":"access_subjects_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Subjects","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Account books","value":"Account books","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Account+books\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Bank deposits -- Virginia","value":"Bank deposits -- Virginia","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Bank+deposits+--+Virginia\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Banks and banking -- Virginia -- History","value":"Banks and banking -- Virginia -- History","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Banks+and+banking+--+Virginia+--+History\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Banks and banking, American -- History -- 20th century","value":"Banks and banking, American -- History -- 20th century","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Banks+and+banking%2C+American+--+History+--+20th+century\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Bark -- Transportation -- Southern States -- Sources","value":"Bark -- Transportation -- Southern States -- Sources","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Bark+--+Transportation+--+Southern+States+--+Sources\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Blueprints (reprographic copies)","value":"Blueprints (reprographic copies)","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Blueprints+%28reprographic+copies%29\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Buildings -- Virginia -- Augusta County","value":"Buildings -- Virginia -- Augusta County","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Buildings+--+Virginia+--+Augusta+County\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Business enterprises","value":"Business enterprises","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Business+enterprises\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Business records","value":"Business records","hits":4},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Business+records\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Cities and towns -- Growth","value":"Cities and towns -- Growth","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Cities+and+towns+--+Growth\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Coal -- Transportation -- Southern States -- Sources","value":"Coal -- Transportation -- Southern States -- Sources","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Coal+--+Transportation+--+Southern+States+--+Sources\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026view=compact"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/access_subjects_ssim.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"facet","id":"level_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Level","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Collection","value":"Collection","hits":5},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"File","value":"File","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=File\u0026view=compact"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/level_ssim.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"all_fields","attributes":{"label":"All Fields"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026search_field=all_fields\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"keyword","attributes":{"label":"Keyword"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026search_field=keyword\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"name","attributes":{"label":"Name"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026search_field=name\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"place","attributes":{"label":"Place"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026search_field=place\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"subject","attributes":{"label":"Subject"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026search_field=subject\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"title","attributes":{"label":"Title"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026search_field=title\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"container","attributes":{"label":"Container"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026search_field=container\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"identifier","attributes":{"label":"Identifier"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026search_field=identifier\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"sort","id":"score desc, title_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"relevance"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026sort=score+desc%2C+title_sort+asc\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"sort","id":"date_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"date (ascending)"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026sort=date_sort+asc\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"sort","id":"date_sort desc","attributes":{"label":"date (descending)"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026sort=date_sort+desc\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"sort","id":"creator_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"creator (A-Z)"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026sort=creator_sort+asc\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"sort","id":"creator_sort desc","attributes":{"label":"creator (Z-A)"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026sort=creator_sort+desc\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"sort","id":"title_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"title (A-Z)"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026sort=title_sort+asc\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"sort","id":"title_sort desc","attributes":{"label":"title (Z-A)"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Geier%2C+Clarence+R.%2C+1944-\u0026sort=title_sort+desc\u0026view=compact"}}]}