{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Frederick+County+%28Va.%29+Circuit+Court%0A\u0026view=compact","next":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Frederick+County+%28Va.%29+Circuit+Court%0A\u0026page=2\u0026view=compact","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Frederick+County+%28Va.%29+Circuit+Court%0A\u0026page=2\u0026view=compact"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":2,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":2,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":14,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vi_vi03154","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Frederick County (Va.) Birth Records, \n1865-1917","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03154#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Frederick County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03154#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eFrederick County (Va.) Birth Records, 1865-1917, consist of birth records. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03154#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi03154","ead_ssi":"vi_vi03154","_root_":"vi_vi03154","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi03154","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi03154.xml","title_ssm":["Frederick County (Va.) Birth Records, \n1865-1917"],"title_tesim":["Frederick County (Va.) Birth Records, \n1865-1917"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1017089\n"],"text":["1017089\n","Frederick County (Va.) Birth Records, \n1865-1917","Public records -- Virginia -- Frederick County ","Birth records -- Virginia -- Frederick County ","Local government records -- Virginia -- Frederick County ","Vital statistics -- Virginia -- Frederick County","1 box","There are no restrictions.\n","Arranged chronologically.\n","Frederick County was named for Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales and eldest son of George II.  It was formed from Orange County in 1738, but the county government was not organized until 1743.  Part of Augusta County was added later.\n","Laws requiring the recording of births and deaths in Virginia were enacted as early as 1632, when a law directed ministers or churchwardens in each parish to present a \"register of all burialls, christenings, and marriages\" yearly at the June meeting of the court. A similar act passed in 1659 stated that \"enquiries are often made for persons imported into the collonie, of whose death no positive certificate can be granted for want of registers.\" Few records survive from these early decades.","In 1713, the General Assembly noted that earlier acts had \"for a long time been disused\" and once again directed the recording of births and deaths by the minister or clerk of each parish. A return made the same year noted that the list of births and deaths was not complete since many parishes failed to make returns \"for tis a thing so new to the people that neither they care to Register their Births and Burials, nor are the Parish Clerks yet brought into a regular method of transmitting them.\"","The recording of vital statistics continued to be an ecclesiastical function throughout the colonial period. With the disestablishment of the Anglican church after the American Revolution and the rise of other religious denominations, the record-keeping process for vital statistics fell more and more to the individual family. By the mid-nineteenth century, however, medical science began to recognize the advantages of accurate birth and mortality information in controlling and treating communicable diseases. Pressure from local and national health organizations and medical professionals resulted in the passage of vital statistics registration laws. Virginia was one of the earliest states to pass such a law.","A law requiring the systematic statewide recording of births and deaths was passed by the General Assembly on April 11 1853. Every commissioner of revenue registered births and deaths in his district annually, at the same time personal property subject to taxation was ascertained. The commissioner recorded births and deaths that had occurred prior to 31 December of the preceding year and returned the record to the clerk of court by 1 June. Information was obtained from heads of family, physicians, surgeons, or coroners. The law imposed penalties for failing to furnish or collect the information.","The clerk of court in each locality entered the information supplied by the commissioner into registers and prepared an accompanying alphabetical index. A copy of each register was forwarded to the Auditor of Public Accounts. The law went into effect on 1 July 1853, and continued until 1896, when an economy-conscious legislature repealed the recording provisions.","There was no statewide recording of births and deaths between 1896 and 1912. Several metropolitan areas continued to keep records of births and deaths for all or part of the period between 1896 and 1912. Systematic statewide registration began again in June 1912.","Frederick County Vital Statistic Records can be obtained through the  Virginia Department of Health.","Additional Frederick County Vital Statistic Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult  A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.","Frederick County (Va.) Birth Records, 1865-1917, consist of birth records.\n","Information is occasionally missing from the records. If an infant had not been named at the time of birth or death, the entry would record only the surname or note \"Smith, infant.\"","RESTRICTED Birth records are closed for 100 years after the date of birth. (Code of Virginia 32.1-271, 42.1-78).\n","For copies of birth certificates within the 100 year restriction, contact the Virginia Department of Health, Office of Vital Records and Health Statistics.\n","State Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n","Frederick County (Va.) Circuit Court","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1017089\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Frederick County (Va.) Birth Records, \n1865-1917"],"collection_title_tesim":["Frederick County (Va.) Birth Records, \n1865-1917"],"collection_ssim":["Frederick County (Va.) Birth Records, \n1865-1917"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Frederick County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Frederick County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in shipments of court papers from Frederick County.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Public records -- Virginia -- Frederick County ","Birth records -- Virginia -- Frederick County ","Local government records -- Virginia -- Frederick County ","Vital statistics -- Virginia -- Frederick County"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Public records -- Virginia -- Frederick County ","Birth records -- Virginia -- Frederick County ","Local government records -- Virginia -- Frederick County ","Vital statistics -- Virginia -- Frederick County"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["1 box"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged chronologically.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged chronologically.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrederick County was named for Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales and eldest son of George II.  It was formed from Orange County in 1738, but the county government was not organized until 1743.  Part of Augusta County was added later.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLaws requiring the recording of births and deaths in Virginia were enacted as early as 1632, when a law directed ministers or churchwardens in each parish to present a \"register of all burialls, christenings, and marriages\" yearly at the June meeting of the court. A similar act passed in 1659 stated that \"enquiries are often made for persons imported into the collonie, of whose death no positive certificate can be granted for want of registers.\" Few records survive from these early decades.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1713, the General Assembly noted that earlier acts had \"for a long time been disused\" and once again directed the recording of births and deaths by the minister or clerk of each parish. A return made the same year noted that the list of births and deaths was not complete since many parishes failed to make returns \"for tis a thing so new to the people that neither they care to Register their Births and Burials, nor are the Parish Clerks yet brought into a regular method of transmitting them.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe recording of vital statistics continued to be an ecclesiastical function throughout the colonial period. With the disestablishment of the Anglican church after the American Revolution and the rise of other religious denominations, the record-keeping process for vital statistics fell more and more to the individual family. By the mid-nineteenth century, however, medical science began to recognize the advantages of accurate birth and mortality information in controlling and treating communicable diseases. Pressure from local and national health organizations and medical professionals resulted in the passage of vital statistics registration laws. Virginia was one of the earliest states to pass such a law.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA law requiring the systematic statewide recording of births and deaths was passed by the General Assembly on April 11 1853. Every commissioner of revenue registered births and deaths in his district annually, at the same time personal property subject to taxation was ascertained. The commissioner recorded births and deaths that had occurred prior to 31 December of the preceding year and returned the record to the clerk of court by 1 June. Information was obtained from heads of family, physicians, surgeons, or coroners. The law imposed penalties for failing to furnish or collect the information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe clerk of court in each locality entered the information supplied by the commissioner into registers and prepared an accompanying alphabetical index. A copy of each register was forwarded to the Auditor of Public Accounts. The law went into effect on 1 July 1853, and continued until 1896, when an economy-conscious legislature repealed the recording provisions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere was no statewide recording of births and deaths between 1896 and 1912. Several metropolitan areas continued to keep records of births and deaths for all or part of the period between 1896 and 1912. Systematic statewide registration began again in June 1912.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Frederick County was named for Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales and eldest son of George II.  It was formed from Orange County in 1738, but the county government was not organized until 1743.  Part of Augusta County was added later.\n","Laws requiring the recording of births and deaths in Virginia were enacted as early as 1632, when a law directed ministers or churchwardens in each parish to present a \"register of all burialls, christenings, and marriages\" yearly at the June meeting of the court. A similar act passed in 1659 stated that \"enquiries are often made for persons imported into the collonie, of whose death no positive certificate can be granted for want of registers.\" Few records survive from these early decades.","In 1713, the General Assembly noted that earlier acts had \"for a long time been disused\" and once again directed the recording of births and deaths by the minister or clerk of each parish. A return made the same year noted that the list of births and deaths was not complete since many parishes failed to make returns \"for tis a thing so new to the people that neither they care to Register their Births and Burials, nor are the Parish Clerks yet brought into a regular method of transmitting them.\"","The recording of vital statistics continued to be an ecclesiastical function throughout the colonial period. With the disestablishment of the Anglican church after the American Revolution and the rise of other religious denominations, the record-keeping process for vital statistics fell more and more to the individual family. By the mid-nineteenth century, however, medical science began to recognize the advantages of accurate birth and mortality information in controlling and treating communicable diseases. Pressure from local and national health organizations and medical professionals resulted in the passage of vital statistics registration laws. Virginia was one of the earliest states to pass such a law.","A law requiring the systematic statewide recording of births and deaths was passed by the General Assembly on April 11 1853. Every commissioner of revenue registered births and deaths in his district annually, at the same time personal property subject to taxation was ascertained. The commissioner recorded births and deaths that had occurred prior to 31 December of the preceding year and returned the record to the clerk of court by 1 June. Information was obtained from heads of family, physicians, surgeons, or coroners. The law imposed penalties for failing to furnish or collect the information.","The clerk of court in each locality entered the information supplied by the commissioner into registers and prepared an accompanying alphabetical index. A copy of each register was forwarded to the Auditor of Public Accounts. The law went into effect on 1 July 1853, and continued until 1896, when an economy-conscious legislature repealed the recording provisions.","There was no statewide recording of births and deaths between 1896 and 1912. Several metropolitan areas continued to keep records of births and deaths for all or part of the period between 1896 and 1912. Systematic statewide registration began again in June 1912."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrederick County (Va.) Birth Records, 1865-1917. Local government records collection, Frederick County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Frederick County (Va.) Birth Records, 1865-1917. Local government records collection, Frederick County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrederick County Vital Statistic Records can be obtained through the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.vdh.state.va.us/\"\u003eVirginia Department of Health.\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional Frederick County Vital Statistic Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA095\"\u003eA Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Frederick County Vital Statistic Records can be obtained through the  Virginia Department of Health.","Additional Frederick County Vital Statistic Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult  A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrederick County (Va.) Birth Records, 1865-1917, consist of birth records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInformation is occasionally missing from the records. If an infant had not been named at the time of birth or death, the entry would record only the surname or note \"Smith, infant.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Frederick County (Va.) Birth Records, 1865-1917, consist of birth records.\n","Information is occasionally missing from the records. If an infant had not been named at the time of birth or death, the entry would record only the surname or note \"Smith, infant.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRESTRICTED Birth records are closed for 100 years after the date of birth. (Code of Virginia 32.1-271, 42.1-78).\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor copies of birth certificates within the 100 year restriction, contact the Virginia Department of Health, Office of Vital Records and Health Statistics.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["RESTRICTED Birth records are closed for 100 years after the date of birth. (Code of Virginia 32.1-271, 42.1-78).\n","For copies of birth certificates within the 100 year restriction, contact the Virginia Department of Health, Office of Vital Records and Health Statistics.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eState Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["State Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Frederick County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"corpname_ssim":["Frederick County (Va.) 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Birth Records, \n1865-1917","Public records -- Virginia -- Frederick County ","Birth records -- Virginia -- Frederick County ","Local government records -- Virginia -- Frederick County ","Vital statistics -- Virginia -- Frederick County","1 box","There are no restrictions.\n","Arranged chronologically.\n","Frederick County was named for Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales and eldest son of George II.  It was formed from Orange County in 1738, but the county government was not organized until 1743.  Part of Augusta County was added later.\n","Laws requiring the recording of births and deaths in Virginia were enacted as early as 1632, when a law directed ministers or churchwardens in each parish to present a \"register of all burialls, christenings, and marriages\" yearly at the June meeting of the court. A similar act passed in 1659 stated that \"enquiries are often made for persons imported into the collonie, of whose death no positive certificate can be granted for want of registers.\" Few records survive from these early decades.","In 1713, the General Assembly noted that earlier acts had \"for a long time been disused\" and once again directed the recording of births and deaths by the minister or clerk of each parish. A return made the same year noted that the list of births and deaths was not complete since many parishes failed to make returns \"for tis a thing so new to the people that neither they care to Register their Births and Burials, nor are the Parish Clerks yet brought into a regular method of transmitting them.\"","The recording of vital statistics continued to be an ecclesiastical function throughout the colonial period. With the disestablishment of the Anglican church after the American Revolution and the rise of other religious denominations, the record-keeping process for vital statistics fell more and more to the individual family. By the mid-nineteenth century, however, medical science began to recognize the advantages of accurate birth and mortality information in controlling and treating communicable diseases. Pressure from local and national health organizations and medical professionals resulted in the passage of vital statistics registration laws. Virginia was one of the earliest states to pass such a law.","A law requiring the systematic statewide recording of births and deaths was passed by the General Assembly on April 11 1853. Every commissioner of revenue registered births and deaths in his district annually, at the same time personal property subject to taxation was ascertained. The commissioner recorded births and deaths that had occurred prior to 31 December of the preceding year and returned the record to the clerk of court by 1 June. Information was obtained from heads of family, physicians, surgeons, or coroners. The law imposed penalties for failing to furnish or collect the information.","The clerk of court in each locality entered the information supplied by the commissioner into registers and prepared an accompanying alphabetical index. A copy of each register was forwarded to the Auditor of Public Accounts. The law went into effect on 1 July 1853, and continued until 1896, when an economy-conscious legislature repealed the recording provisions.","There was no statewide recording of births and deaths between 1896 and 1912. Several metropolitan areas continued to keep records of births and deaths for all or part of the period between 1896 and 1912. Systematic statewide registration began again in June 1912.","Frederick County Vital Statistic Records can be obtained through the  Virginia Department of Health.","Additional Frederick County Vital Statistic Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult  A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.","Frederick County (Va.) Birth Records, 1865-1917, consist of birth records.\n","Information is occasionally missing from the records. If an infant had not been named at the time of birth or death, the entry would record only the surname or note \"Smith, infant.\"","RESTRICTED Birth records are closed for 100 years after the date of birth. (Code of Virginia 32.1-271, 42.1-78).\n","For copies of birth certificates within the 100 year restriction, contact the Virginia Department of Health, Office of Vital Records and Health Statistics.\n","State Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n","Frederick County (Va.) Circuit Court","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1017089\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Frederick County (Va.) Birth Records, \n1865-1917"],"collection_title_tesim":["Frederick County (Va.) Birth Records, \n1865-1917"],"collection_ssim":["Frederick County (Va.) Birth Records, \n1865-1917"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Frederick County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Frederick County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in shipments of court papers from Frederick County.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Public records -- Virginia -- Frederick County ","Birth records -- Virginia -- Frederick County ","Local government records -- Virginia -- Frederick County ","Vital statistics -- Virginia -- Frederick County"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Public records -- Virginia -- Frederick County ","Birth records -- Virginia -- Frederick County ","Local government records -- Virginia -- Frederick County ","Vital statistics -- Virginia -- Frederick County"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["1 box"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged chronologically.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged chronologically.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrederick County was named for Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales and eldest son of George II.  It was formed from Orange County in 1738, but the county government was not organized until 1743.  Part of Augusta County was added later.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLaws requiring the recording of births and deaths in Virginia were enacted as early as 1632, when a law directed ministers or churchwardens in each parish to present a \"register of all burialls, christenings, and marriages\" yearly at the June meeting of the court. A similar act passed in 1659 stated that \"enquiries are often made for persons imported into the collonie, of whose death no positive certificate can be granted for want of registers.\" Few records survive from these early decades.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1713, the General Assembly noted that earlier acts had \"for a long time been disused\" and once again directed the recording of births and deaths by the minister or clerk of each parish. A return made the same year noted that the list of births and deaths was not complete since many parishes failed to make returns \"for tis a thing so new to the people that neither they care to Register their Births and Burials, nor are the Parish Clerks yet brought into a regular method of transmitting them.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe recording of vital statistics continued to be an ecclesiastical function throughout the colonial period. With the disestablishment of the Anglican church after the American Revolution and the rise of other religious denominations, the record-keeping process for vital statistics fell more and more to the individual family. By the mid-nineteenth century, however, medical science began to recognize the advantages of accurate birth and mortality information in controlling and treating communicable diseases. Pressure from local and national health organizations and medical professionals resulted in the passage of vital statistics registration laws. Virginia was one of the earliest states to pass such a law.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA law requiring the systematic statewide recording of births and deaths was passed by the General Assembly on April 11 1853. Every commissioner of revenue registered births and deaths in his district annually, at the same time personal property subject to taxation was ascertained. The commissioner recorded births and deaths that had occurred prior to 31 December of the preceding year and returned the record to the clerk of court by 1 June. Information was obtained from heads of family, physicians, surgeons, or coroners. The law imposed penalties for failing to furnish or collect the information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe clerk of court in each locality entered the information supplied by the commissioner into registers and prepared an accompanying alphabetical index. A copy of each register was forwarded to the Auditor of Public Accounts. The law went into effect on 1 July 1853, and continued until 1896, when an economy-conscious legislature repealed the recording provisions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere was no statewide recording of births and deaths between 1896 and 1912. Several metropolitan areas continued to keep records of births and deaths for all or part of the period between 1896 and 1912. Systematic statewide registration began again in June 1912.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Frederick County was named for Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales and eldest son of George II.  It was formed from Orange County in 1738, but the county government was not organized until 1743.  Part of Augusta County was added later.\n","Laws requiring the recording of births and deaths in Virginia were enacted as early as 1632, when a law directed ministers or churchwardens in each parish to present a \"register of all burialls, christenings, and marriages\" yearly at the June meeting of the court. A similar act passed in 1659 stated that \"enquiries are often made for persons imported into the collonie, of whose death no positive certificate can be granted for want of registers.\" Few records survive from these early decades.","In 1713, the General Assembly noted that earlier acts had \"for a long time been disused\" and once again directed the recording of births and deaths by the minister or clerk of each parish. A return made the same year noted that the list of births and deaths was not complete since many parishes failed to make returns \"for tis a thing so new to the people that neither they care to Register their Births and Burials, nor are the Parish Clerks yet brought into a regular method of transmitting them.\"","The recording of vital statistics continued to be an ecclesiastical function throughout the colonial period. With the disestablishment of the Anglican church after the American Revolution and the rise of other religious denominations, the record-keeping process for vital statistics fell more and more to the individual family. By the mid-nineteenth century, however, medical science began to recognize the advantages of accurate birth and mortality information in controlling and treating communicable diseases. Pressure from local and national health organizations and medical professionals resulted in the passage of vital statistics registration laws. Virginia was one of the earliest states to pass such a law.","A law requiring the systematic statewide recording of births and deaths was passed by the General Assembly on April 11 1853. Every commissioner of revenue registered births and deaths in his district annually, at the same time personal property subject to taxation was ascertained. The commissioner recorded births and deaths that had occurred prior to 31 December of the preceding year and returned the record to the clerk of court by 1 June. Information was obtained from heads of family, physicians, surgeons, or coroners. The law imposed penalties for failing to furnish or collect the information.","The clerk of court in each locality entered the information supplied by the commissioner into registers and prepared an accompanying alphabetical index. A copy of each register was forwarded to the Auditor of Public Accounts. The law went into effect on 1 July 1853, and continued until 1896, when an economy-conscious legislature repealed the recording provisions.","There was no statewide recording of births and deaths between 1896 and 1912. Several metropolitan areas continued to keep records of births and deaths for all or part of the period between 1896 and 1912. Systematic statewide registration began again in June 1912."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrederick County (Va.) Birth Records, 1865-1917. Local government records collection, Frederick County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Frederick County (Va.) Birth Records, 1865-1917. Local government records collection, Frederick County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrederick County Vital Statistic Records can be obtained through the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.vdh.state.va.us/\"\u003eVirginia Department of Health.\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional Frederick County Vital Statistic Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA095\"\u003eA Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Frederick County Vital Statistic Records can be obtained through the  Virginia Department of Health.","Additional Frederick County Vital Statistic Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult  A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrederick County (Va.) Birth Records, 1865-1917, consist of birth records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInformation is occasionally missing from the records. If an infant had not been named at the time of birth or death, the entry would record only the surname or note \"Smith, infant.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Frederick County (Va.) Birth Records, 1865-1917, consist of birth records.\n","Information is occasionally missing from the records. If an infant had not been named at the time of birth or death, the entry would record only the surname or note \"Smith, infant.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRESTRICTED Birth records are closed for 100 years after the date of birth. (Code of Virginia 32.1-271, 42.1-78).\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor copies of birth certificates within the 100 year restriction, contact the Virginia Department of Health, Office of Vital Records and Health Statistics.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["RESTRICTED Birth records are closed for 100 years after the date of birth. (Code of Virginia 32.1-271, 42.1-78).\n","For copies of birth certificates within the 100 year restriction, contact the Virginia Department of Health, Office of Vital Records and Health Statistics.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eState Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["State Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Frederick County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"corpname_ssim":["Frederick County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T11:09:45.294Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03154"}},{"id":"vi_vi06221","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Frederick County (Va.) Business Records, \n1791-1926","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi06221#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Frederick County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi06221#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eFrederick County (Va.) Business Records, 1791-1926 is comprised of various records created by individuals and companies in pursuit of documenting business activities in and around Frederick County (Va.). Represented records largely consist of bound volumes such as ledgers, daybooks, and account books. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi06221#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi06221","ead_ssi":"vi_vi06221","_root_":"vi_vi06221","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi06221","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi06221.xml","title_ssm":["Frederick County (Va.) Business Records, \n1791-1926"],"title_tesim":["Frederick County (Va.) Business Records, \n1791-1926"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Frederick County (Va.) Business Records, \n1791-1926"],"text":["Frederick County (Va.) Business Records, \n1791-1926","There are no restrictions.\n","This collection is arranged into thirty-two series:\n Series I: Business Records of Albert C. Moore, 1910-1912 Series II: Business Records of Branner Tire Shop, 1923-1926 Series III: Business Records of Charles W. Anderson, 1852-1880 Series IV: Business Records of Crupper and Clark, 1807-1812 Series V: Business Records of David Keeler's Tannery, 1824-1833 Series VI: Business Records of Eastern Silica and Chemical Corporation, 1929-1930 Series VII:Business Records of Garber, Gold, and Company, 1891-1903 Series VIII: Business Records of Hollingsworth and Parkins, 1811-1821 Series IX: Business Records of James H. Griffith and Company, 1857-1858 Series X: Business Records of James S. Lane and Benjamin T. Towner, 1818-1819 Series XI: Business Records of John S. Guyer, 1876-1889 Series XII: Business Records of Joseph A. Nulton, 1874-1875 Series XIII: Business Records of Joseph W. Carter, 1826-1833 Series XIV: Business Records of Nanmiter and Keeler, 1818-1825 Series XV: Business Records of Richard C. Windle, 1840-1843 Series XVI: Business Records of Richard S. Griffith, 1847-1851 Series XVII: Business Records of the Shenandoah Valley Hedge Company, 1886 Series XVIII: Business Records of an Unidentified Attorney, 1806-1820 Series XIX: Business Records of an Unidentified Business, 1805-1808 Series XX: Business Records of an Unidentified Business, 1850-1852, 1868 Series XXI: Business Records of an Unidentified General Store, 1791-1793 Series XXII: Business Records of an Unidentified General Store, 1825-1828 Series XXIII: Business Records of an Unidentified General Store, 1828-1829 Series XXIV: Business Records of an Unidentified General Store, 1828-1829 Series XXV: Business Records of an Unidentified Mill, 1802-1803 Series XXVI: Business Records of an Unidentified Mill, 1810-1811 Series XXVII: Business Records of an Unidentified Shoemaker, 1850-1855 Series XXVIII: Business Records of the Winchester and Potomac Railroad Company, 1833-1835 Series XXIX: Business Records of Washington G. Singleton, 1844-1854 Series XXX: Business Records of William Long and Company, 1802-1803 Series XXXI: Business Records of William McEndree, 1823-1825 Series XXXIII: Business Records of William R. Alexander, 1875-1888","Context for Record Type:  Business Records, both volumes and loose records, are in some cases transferred to the Library of Virginia as components of court record transfers. These business records in some cases were simply stored in the local court building for safe keeping by business owners. In other cases, business records (particularly ledgers, account books, etc.) may have been filed in a court case as an exhibit. These business record exhibits appeared both in chancery causes and in judgments, these records serving as exhibits for business dissolution cases, debut suits, and contract disputes.\n","Locality History: Frederick County was named in honor of Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales and eldest son of King George II. It was formed from Orange County by a statute of 1738 that stipulated that when the population was large enough the new county government would begin to function. The county court first met on 11 November 1743. Part of Augusta County was added in 1754. The county seat is the city of Winchester.","Prior to 2024, the various business records in this collection were originally described as individual records, but they have been consolidated into one large business record for the locality.","These records were processed by Greg Crawford in 2002. Efforts have been taken to identify chancery causes related to these business records as some of these records were used as evidence in court proceedings.","Encoded by J. Taylor: April 2025\n","Additional Frederick County Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia.  Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","See also:  A Guide to the Frederick County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1860-1912","Frederick County (Va.) Business Records, 1791-1926 is comprised of various records created by individuals and companies in pursuit of documenting business activities in and around Frederick County (Va.). Represented records largely consist of bound volumes such as ledgers, daybooks, and account books.\n","Scope and Content: The business records of Albert C. Moore consists of a ledger. The volume recorded checks or loans written by Albert C. Moore, a drawer, on behalf of individuals and companies. Information found in volume includes date of entry, name of drawer, name of company or individual, address of company or individual, amount of interest, date of payment, and amount paid.\n","Scope and Content: The business records of the Branner Tire Shop consists of a daybook. The volume recorded transactions on a daily basis from December 1923-June 1924. It also includes accounts of individual customers for 1925 and several loose documents dated 1926. Information found in volume includes date of transaction, name of customer, service rendered, and amount owed, and whether customer paid or not. Services rendered include sale of gas, tires, and tire valves; tire repairs; and oil changes. Names of automobiles (Ford truck, Ford sedan, Buick, Dodge, etc.) are included in some entries.\n","Historical Information: Branner Tire Shop was an automobile service station owned by G.L. Branner located in Winchester, Virginia.","Scope and Content: The business records of Charles W. Anderson consists of a record book. The record book recorded masonry work performed by Charles W. Anderson. Information found in entries include names of individuals Anderson did work for, date of work, service rendered, expenses, amount of work done per day, and payment. Services rendered include bricklaying, stone work, building fireplaces and laying payment. Anderson was part of a firm known as Anderson and Strother.\n","Scope and Content: The business records of Crupper and Clark consist of two ledgers. The volumes recorded the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order and the amount owed and paid. The ledgers do not list the names of items purchased, rather they use the general term \"merchandise\". They also record the company's controlling accounts such as merchandise account, cash account, and expense account.\n","Historical Information: The Crupper and Clarke mercantile partnership was formed by Micajah Crupper and Elijah Clarke and conducted business in the town of Berrysville, Virginia. It dissolved in 1812.","See also:  Frederick County (Va.) Chancery Cause, 1833-143: George Steptoe Lane vs. Micajah Crupper etc.","Historical Information:  David Keeler was a tanner who conducted business in Front Royal in Warren County. He was born in Frederick County and died in Warren County in 1856.\n","Scope and Content: The business records of David Keeler consist of a daybook. The volume recorded transactions as they occurred on a daily basis from April 1824-August 1833. Information found in each entry includes name of customer, services rendered or items purchased, and the amount owed and paid. Items sold include calf skin, dog skin, horse hide, sheep skin, and leather goods. Payments made by cash and barter including corn, calf skin, sheep skin, wood, and flour.","Scope and Content: The business records of the Eastern Silica and Chemical Corporation consists of a ledger. The first third of the volume recorded the company's controlling accounts such as advertising account, insurance account, machinery and equipment account, petty cash, expenses, etc. Each account lists date of transaction and the amount paid. The rest of the volume includes the individual accounts of customers. Information found in each account includes name of customer, address of customer, date of transaction, invoice number of transaction, and the amount owed and paid.\n","Historical Information: Eastern Silica and Chemical Corporation was a company that mined and sold raw materials used to produce glass in Frederick County during the early twentieth century.","Scope and Content: The business records of Garber, Gold, and Company consists of a ledger. The volume recorded the individual accounts of customers who did business with Basic City Livery and Exchange Stables located in Augusta County and owned by Garber, Gold, and Company. Each account lists transactions in chronological order, style of transaction, and the amount owed and paid. Services rendered include renting of horses, buggies, harnesses, and lodging and feeding of horses. Volume also includes information collected by Philip H. Gold as special commissioner in a court case heard in the Shenandoah County Circuit Court titled Mary E. Pitman versus Administrator of John L. Pitman and others.\n","Historical Information: Garber, Gold, and Company was a partnership that conducted business in Frederick County. It owned a livery business in Augusta County called Basic City Livery and Exchange Stables. One of the partners was Philip H. Gold who also served as deputy circuit court clerk in Frederick County.","Scope and Content: The business records of Hollingsworth and Parkins consists of a daybook and ledger. Both volumes include references to Union Mills located in Frederick County.\n","Historical Information: Hollingsworth and Parkins was a mill partnership located near the town of Winchester.","See also:  Frederick County (Va.) Chancery Cause, 1835-192: Isaac Hollingsworth vs. Nathan Parkins","The daybook recorded the mill's transactions as they occurred on a daily basis from October, 1811-January 1815. Information found in each entry includes name of customer or payments made by mill, amount of wheat, corn, rye, etc., ground, amount of flour, meal, etc., sold, and the amount owed and paid. Page numbers associated with each entry correspond with page numbers in ledger.\n\t","Ledger A recorded  the individual accounts of customers. Each account records transactions in chronological order. Each entry lists date of transaction, style of transaction (merchandise purchased, service rendered, or form of payment), and amount owed or paid. Payments made by cash, credit, barter (wheat, rye, flour, wood, etc.,) or labor. Services rendered include grinding wheat, corn, and rye to produce flour and meal. Ledger also records the mill's controlling accounts including cash account, wheat account, mill account, and general charges.\n\t","Scope and Content: The business records of James H. Griffith and Company consists of a daybook. The volume recorded \nDaybook, 1857-1858, of James H. Griffith and Company records transactions as they occurred on a daily basis from June 1857-June 1858. Information found in each entry includes name of customer, items purchased, and the amount owed and paid. Merchandise sold include tools, coffee, clothing, shoes, candlewick, molasses, and dry-goods. Payments made by cash, barter (butter, eggs, apples, etc.,) and labor. The last few pages of volume record debt accounts of individual customers.\n","Historical Information: James H. Griffith and Company was a general store located in the town of White Hall in Frederick County.","Scope and Content:  The business records of James S. Lane and Towner consists of a ledger. The volume recorded the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Each entry list date of transaction, merchandise sold, and amount owed or paid. Merchandise sold include dry-goods, clothing, coffee, bowls, fur hats, spices, books, food, and tea.\n","Historical Information: James S. Lane and Towner was a mercantile partnership formed by James S. Lane and Benjamin T. Towner and located in Jefferson County, West Virginia.","Historical Information: John S. Guyer was born in Keighly, Yorkshire, England on August 4, 1817. He came to America with his mother in 1829 and settled in Middletown, Frederick County, Virginia. Guyer attended Winchester Medical College. After graduating in 1848, he began his medical practice in Bloomery, present-day West Virginia, and later became a partner of a Dr. Carter in Morgantown. Guyer returned to Middletown in 1854 and started a medical practice. At the beginning of the Civil War, he was appointed surgeon of the 51st Virginia Regiment eventually becoming senior surgeon of the brigade. Guyer resigned in 1862 returning to his practice in Middletown. He was arrested by Union troops and according to his obituary was offered a position as a surgeon in the Union Army with the rank of Brigadier General which Guyer declined. After the war, Guyer served as a magistrate for Frederick County and was president of the Frederick County Medical Society from 1875 until his death on December 9, 1888.","Scope and Content: The business records of John S. Guyer consist of a ledger. The volume recorded  transactions in chronological order. Each entry list date of transaction, style of transaction (service rendered, form of payment, etc.,), and amount owed or paid. Payments made by cash, credit, or barter (potatoes, apples, mutton, etc.). Services rendered include visits to patients, medication, and consultations.\n","Historical Information: Joseph Abraham Nulton was born in Winchester on November 27, 1837. He worked in his father Abraham Nulton's stove and tinware business. At the beginning of the Civil War, Nulton enlisted in Company F, Second Virginia Infantry, Stonewall Brigade. He was discharged from the army after being wounded at the Battle of Chancellorsville. Nulton took over the stove and tinware business after his father's death in 1871. He was elected clerk of Frederick County Circuit Court 1881 serving 12 years. Nulton died of pneumonia on March 3, 1893.\n","Scope and Content: The business records of Joseph A. Nulton consist of a ledger. The volume was used to keep track of customer orders for products sold by Nulton. It records the individual accounts of customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Each entry list date of transaction, style of transaction, and amount owed or paid. Items sold include coffee pots, tea pots, spoons, kitchen stoves, spitoons, and flat irons.","Scope and Content: The business records of Joseph W. Carter consist of a daybook. The volume recorded in chronological order the transactions of a mill owned by Carter. Each entry includes date of transaction, name of customer, style of transaction, goods purchased, and amount owed or paid. Payments made by cash, credit, or barter such as bacon, wheat, corn, and rye. The mill threshed rye, corn, and wheat into flour and meal.\n","Scope and Content: The business records of Nanmiter and Keeler conist of a ledger. The volume recorded  individual accounts of customers. Information found in each account includes name of customer, date of transaction, services rendered or items purchased, and the amount owed and paid. Items sold include calf skin, horse collars, sheep skin, and leather goods. Services rendered include tanning animal skins and repair of leather goods. Payments made by cash and barter including wheat, animal hides, bacon, and potatoes.\n","Scope and Content: The business records of Richard C. Windle consist of two daybooks and an inventory volume. The daybooks recorded transactions as they occurred on a daily basis from September 1840-October 1843. Information found in each entry includes name of customer, items purchased, and the amount owed and paid. Merchandise sold include dry-goods, coffee, candles, sugar, pitchers, umbrellas, rice, and spices. The inventory volume listed  merchandise found at Windle's store after he sold it. Each entry records the quantity of merchandise, type of merchandise, cost per item, and total value of merchandise.","Historical Information: Richard C. Windle owned a general store that conducted business during the mid-nineteenth century in Winchester, Virginia. He was forced to sell his general store due to outstanding debt on March 13, 1845.\n","See also:  Frederick County (Va.) Chancery Cause, 1857-018: George D. Harrison vs. Trustees of Richard C. Windle etc.","Historical Information: Richard S. Griffith operated a general store in the town of White Hall during the mid-nineteenth century.","Scope and Content: The business records of Richard S. Griffith consist of a ledger. The volume recorded the accounts of individual customers. Each account records debit and credit transactions in chronological order. Each entry list date of transaction, style of transaction (merchandise purchased or form of payment), and amount owed and paid. Payments made by cash, credit, barter (chickens, butter, eggs, bacon, etc.) or labor (hauling goods). Merchandise sold include dry-goods, spices, nails, food, tobacco, clothing, umbrellas, and boots.","Scope and Content: The business records of the Shenandoah Valley Hedge Company consist of a stock certificate book. The volume includes stock certificates and receipts of shareholders. The stock certificate records name of shareholder, number of shares purchased, amount of each share, date of purchase, and signatures of the company's secretary and president. The receipt records the certificate number, name of shareholder, number of shares purchased, date of purchase, shareholder's address, and amount paid for shares. Receipt also includes a section if shareholder transferred his shares to another individual. Includes name of individual and date of transfer.\n","Scope and Content: The business records of the unidentified attorney consist of a ledger. The volume recorded  the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in accounts include date of transaction, services rendered, amount owed, amount paid, and form of payment. Payments made by cash, credit, or barter such as cloth and beef. Services rendered include legal representation in chancery, debt, and other suits, writing deeds, legal counsel, and payment of legal fees.\n","Scope and Content: The business records of the unidentified business, perhaps a general store, consist of a ledger. The volume recorded the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, form of payment, and the amount owed and paid. Ledger does not list the names of items purchased, rather it uses the general term \"merchandise\". Payments made by cash, credit, labor such as hauling corn and flour, and by barter such as wheat, pork, chickens, and corn.\n","Scope and Content: The business records of the unidentified business consist of a newspaper subscription and exchange book. The volume recorded a list of town subscribers from 1850 to 1852. Information found includes date of subscription, name of subscriber, length of subscription, and whether subscription was transferred or discontinued. Majority of the volume records newspaper subscriptions and exchanges of out of town customers. Entries are organized by name of locality such as Baltimore, Maryland; Richmond, Virginia; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Middletown, Indiana; and Millville, Iowa. Information found in each entry includes date of subscription or exchange, name of customer, name of newspaper subscribed or exchanged, amount owed or paid, and whether subscription was transferred or discontinued. A list of newspapers that customers subscribed or exchanged is found inside the front cover of the volume. They include the Baltimore Daily Sun, Boston Post, Pittsburgh Dispatch, Richmond Enquirer, Fellowsville (Va.) Democrat, and Weston (Va.) Sentinel. Volume is in poor condition due to damaged spine.","The last few pages of the volume record the sale of items from an unidentified estate conducted in 1868. Entries include name of item and quantity purchased, name of purchaser, and amount paid.\n","Scope and Content: The business records of the unidentified general store consist of a ledger, called \"Ledger C.\" The volume recorded the individual accounts of customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, merchandise purchased, form of payment, and amount owed and paid. Merchandise sold include china bowls, clothing, dry-goods, animal skins, glass panes, shoes, nails, and sugar. Payments made by cash, credit, labor such as masonry work, hauling fodder, etc., and barter such as sugar, lumber, corn, turnips, etc.\n","Scope and Content: The business records of the unidentified general store consist of a ledger. The volume recorded  the accounts of individual customers. Each account records transactions in chronological order. Each entry list date of transaction, style of transaction (merchandise purchased, form of payment, etc.,), and amount owed or paid. Payments made by cash, credit, or barter (eggs, veal, corn, peach brandy, etc.,). Merchandise sold include dry-goods, chocolate, clothing, food, text books, dining ware, and brandy. Volume is in poor condition due to damaged spine.\n","Scope and Content: The business records of the unidentified general store consist of a ledger. The volume was used as a daybook by an unidentified general store. It recorded transactions as they occurred on a daily basis from November 1828-April 1829. Information found in each entry includes name of customer, merchandise sold, and the amount owed or paid. Merchandise sold include molasses, coffee, brandy, dry-goods (yarn, muslin, buttons, silk thread, etc.,), nails, and combs. Payments made by cash, credit, and barter such as pork and butter.\n","Scope and Content: The business records of the unidentified general store consist of a ledger. The volume recorded the individual accounts of customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, merchandise purchased, price of merchandise, and total cost. Merchandise sold include fish, corn, dry-goods (muslin, yarn, calico, etc.,), clothing, plates, brandy, knives, and books. Payments made by cash, credit, and barter such as butter and pork.\n","Scope and Content: The business records of the unidentified mill consist of a ledger. The volume recorded the mill's transactions in chronological order. Each entry includes name of customer; quantity of corn, wheat, rye, etc., ground; and amount owed. Ledger also records a list of customers given credit for flour barrels and a list of services (wheat ground, flour delivered, etc.,) rendered to Baales Davis.\n","Scope and Content: The business records of the unidentified mill consist of an account book. The volume recorded customer accounts in chronological order from June 1810 to August 1811. Each account list name of customer, quantity of flour or other items purchased, and amount paid. The predominant form of flour produced by the mill was superfine flour.\n","Scope and Content: The business records of the unidentified shoemaker, who was located in the town of Winchester, consist of a ledger. The first half of the volume recorded in chronological order the individual accounts of customers from 1850-1853. Each account lists name of customer, date of transaction, service rendered or merchandise sold, and amount owed and paid. The second half of the volume recorded individual transactions in chronological order, similar to a daybook, from September 1854-August 1855. Each entry records name of customer, service rendered or merchandise sold, and amount owed. Merchandise sold include boots, slippers, and shoes. Services rendered include mending and soling boots and shoes.\n","Scope and Content: The business records of the Winchester and Potomac Railroad Company consist of a fourth installment book. The volume lists in alphabetical order the company's shareholders, the amount of shares purchased, and amount paid for shares.\n","Historical Information:  The Winchester and Potomac Railroad (W \u0026 P) was the first railroad in Winchester, VA. It was chartered by the Virginia General Assembly in 1831 and ran from Harper's Ferry to Winchester. The original train stopped at the corner of Water and Market Streets. In March 1862, the United States Army seized the railroad. In 1866, when the Winchester and Potomac was returned to the owners, they decided to lease the right-of-way to the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B \u0026 O). In 1902, through a third party, the W \u0026 P was acquired by the B \u0026 O.","See also:  Frederick County (Va.) Chancery Cause, 1835-168: Winchester and Potomac Rail Road Company vs. Grove and Campbell","Scope and Content: The business records of Washington G. Singleton consist of a daybook. Singleton was an attorney who practiced in the courts of Frederick, Clarke, Rappahannock and Warren Counties. It recorded in chronological order Singleton's legal activities. Each entry lists name of client or court case, service rendered, and amount owed or paid. Payments made by cash, credit, or barter, such as wood. Services rendered include legal representation in chancery, debt, and other suits, writing deeds, legal counsel, and payment of legal fees.\n","Historical Information: Washington George Singleton, son of Joshua and Nancy Wynne Singleton, was born in 1798 in Virginia. He married Maria Antoinette Waite on 26 April 1823. In 1828 began what would become a successful law practice. His success led to his appointment by President Jackson as United States Attorney for the Western District of Virginia in 1834. He served for eight years in that office and then returned to his private practice in Winchester. Singleton, who practiced law until his death in 1866, also was elected the Clerk of the Superior Court of the Chancery in 1858. He continued to practice law until his death in 1866.","Scope and Content: The business records of William Long and Company consist of a daybook. The volume recorded  transactions as they occurred on an almost daily basis from May 1802-November 1803. Information found in each entry includes name of customer, items purchased, and the amount owed and paid. Merchandise sold include dry-goods, spices, pen knives, clothing, tin cups, coffee, and farm tools.\n","Historical Information: William Long and Company was a mercantile partnership formed in 1802 by William Long and William Wilson. It conducted business in the town of Middletown during the early nineteenth century.","See also:  Frederick County (Va.) Chancery Cause, 1824-100: Evan Berry etc. vs. Executors of Joseph Berry","Scope and Content: The business records of William McEndree consist of a ledger. The volume recorded the accounts of individual customers. Each account records transactions in chronological order. Each entry list date of transaction, style of transaction (merchandise purchased, service rendered, or form of payment),and amount owed or paid. Payments made by cash, credit, or barter (whiskey, rye, corn, empty barrels, etc.,). Services rendered include hauling rye. The predominant merchandise sold was whiskey. Other merchandise sold include wheat, corn, pork, potatoes, bacon, and rye.\n","Historical Information: William McEndree was landowner, mill owner and perhaps liquor distiller who lived in Frederick County.","See also: Frederick County (Va.) Chancery Cause, 1837-064: Hiram L. Opie etc. vs. Admr. of William McEndree etc.","Historical Information: William R. Alexander was born in Clarke County, Virginia. He attended Loudoun Preparatory School and law school at the University of Virginia. Alexander completed the prescribed courses in one yearand was an acclaimed orator in the Jefferson Literary society. He moved to Winchester in 1875 where he practiced law as a criminal lawyer in the courts of Frederick, Clarke, and Warren Counties during the late nineteenth century. Alexander was elected Commonwealth Attorney for four terms and was elected mayor of Winchester in 1890. He unsuccessfully ran for a congressional seat and attorney general. Alexander died of tuberculosis on December 23, 1898.","Scope and Content: The business records of William R. Alexander consist of an office book. The volume recorded  transactions in chronological order. Each entry list date of transaction, service rendered, and amount and paid. Payments made by cash, credit, barter (horses, wood, flour, etc.,), and labor (moving a safe, garden work, cutting wood, etc.,). Services rendered include legal representation in chancery, debt, divorce, and other suits, writing deeds, legal counsel, and payment of legal fees.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","State Record Center-Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n","English\n"],"collection_title_tesim":["Frederick County (Va.) Business Records, \n1791-1926"],"collection_ssim":["Frederick County (Va.) Business Records, \n1791-1926"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Frederick County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Frederick County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in transfers of court papers from Frederick County in an undated accession.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["36 volumes."],"extent_tesim":["36 volumes."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into thirty-two series:\n\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries I: Business Records of Albert C. Moore, 1910-1912\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries II: Business Records of Branner Tire Shop, 1923-1926\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries III: Business Records of Charles W. Anderson, 1852-1880\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries IV: Business Records of Crupper and Clark, 1807-1812\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries V: Business Records of David Keeler's Tannery, 1824-1833\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VI: Business Records of Eastern Silica and Chemical Corporation, 1929-1930\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VII:Business Records of Garber, Gold, and Company, 1891-1903\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VIII: Business Records of Hollingsworth and Parkins, 1811-1821\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries IX: Business Records of James H. Griffith and Company, 1857-1858\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries X: Business Records of James S. Lane and Benjamin T. Towner, 1818-1819\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XI: Business Records of John S. Guyer, 1876-1889\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XII: Business Records of Joseph A. Nulton, 1874-1875\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XIII: Business Records of Joseph W. Carter, 1826-1833\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XIV: Business Records of Nanmiter and Keeler, 1818-1825\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XV: Business Records of Richard C. Windle, 1840-1843\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XVI: Business Records of Richard S. Griffith, 1847-1851\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XVII: Business Records of the Shenandoah Valley Hedge Company, 1886\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XVIII: Business Records of an Unidentified Attorney, 1806-1820\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XIX: Business Records of an Unidentified Business, 1805-1808\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XX: Business Records of an Unidentified Business, 1850-1852, 1868\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XXI: Business Records of an Unidentified General Store, 1791-1793\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XXII: Business Records of an Unidentified General Store, 1825-1828\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XXIII: Business Records of an Unidentified General Store, 1828-1829\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XXIV: Business Records of an Unidentified General Store, 1828-1829\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XXV: Business Records of an Unidentified Mill, 1802-1803\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XXVI: Business Records of an Unidentified Mill, 1810-1811\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XXVII: Business Records of an Unidentified Shoemaker, 1850-1855\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XXVIII: Business Records of the Winchester and Potomac Railroad Company, 1833-1835\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XXIX: Business Records of Washington G. Singleton, 1844-1854\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XXX: Business Records of William Long and Company, 1802-1803\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XXXI: Business Records of William McEndree, 1823-1825\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XXXIII: Business Records of William R. Alexander, 1875-1888\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into thirty-two series:\n Series I: Business Records of Albert C. Moore, 1910-1912 Series II: Business Records of Branner Tire Shop, 1923-1926 Series III: Business Records of Charles W. Anderson, 1852-1880 Series IV: Business Records of Crupper and Clark, 1807-1812 Series V: Business Records of David Keeler's Tannery, 1824-1833 Series VI: Business Records of Eastern Silica and Chemical Corporation, 1929-1930 Series VII:Business Records of Garber, Gold, and Company, 1891-1903 Series VIII: Business Records of Hollingsworth and Parkins, 1811-1821 Series IX: Business Records of James H. Griffith and Company, 1857-1858 Series X: Business Records of James S. Lane and Benjamin T. Towner, 1818-1819 Series XI: Business Records of John S. Guyer, 1876-1889 Series XII: Business Records of Joseph A. Nulton, 1874-1875 Series XIII: Business Records of Joseph W. Carter, 1826-1833 Series XIV: Business Records of Nanmiter and Keeler, 1818-1825 Series XV: Business Records of Richard C. Windle, 1840-1843 Series XVI: Business Records of Richard S. Griffith, 1847-1851 Series XVII: Business Records of the Shenandoah Valley Hedge Company, 1886 Series XVIII: Business Records of an Unidentified Attorney, 1806-1820 Series XIX: Business Records of an Unidentified Business, 1805-1808 Series XX: Business Records of an Unidentified Business, 1850-1852, 1868 Series XXI: Business Records of an Unidentified General Store, 1791-1793 Series XXII: Business Records of an Unidentified General Store, 1825-1828 Series XXIII: Business Records of an Unidentified General Store, 1828-1829 Series XXIV: Business Records of an Unidentified General Store, 1828-1829 Series XXV: Business Records of an Unidentified Mill, 1802-1803 Series XXVI: Business Records of an Unidentified Mill, 1810-1811 Series XXVII: Business Records of an Unidentified Shoemaker, 1850-1855 Series XXVIII: Business Records of the Winchester and Potomac Railroad Company, 1833-1835 Series XXIX: Business Records of Washington G. Singleton, 1844-1854 Series XXX: Business Records of William Long and Company, 1802-1803 Series XXXI: Business Records of William McEndree, 1823-1825 Series XXXIII: Business Records of William R. Alexander, 1875-1888"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Record Type:\u003c/emph\u003e Business Records, both volumes and loose records, are in some cases transferred to the Library of Virginia as components of court record transfers. These business records in some cases were simply stored in the local court building for safe keeping by business owners. In other cases, business records (particularly ledgers, account books, etc.) may have been filed in a court case as an exhibit. These business record exhibits appeared both in chancery causes and in judgments, these records serving as exhibits for business dissolution cases, debut suits, and contract disputes.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History:\u003c/emph\u003eFrederick County was named in honor of Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales and eldest son of King George II. It was formed from Orange County by a statute of 1738 that stipulated that when the population was large enough the new county government would begin to function. The county court first met on 11 November 1743. Part of Augusta County was added in 1754. The county seat is the city of Winchester.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Record Type:  Business Records, both volumes and loose records, are in some cases transferred to the Library of Virginia as components of court record transfers. These business records in some cases were simply stored in the local court building for safe keeping by business owners. In other cases, business records (particularly ledgers, account books, etc.) may have been filed in a court case as an exhibit. These business record exhibits appeared both in chancery causes and in judgments, these records serving as exhibits for business dissolution cases, debut suits, and contract disputes.\n","Locality History: Frederick County was named in honor of Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales and eldest son of King George II. It was formed from Orange County by a statute of 1738 that stipulated that when the population was large enough the new county government would begin to function. The county court first met on 11 November 1743. Part of Augusta County was added in 1754. The county seat is the city of Winchester."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrederick County (Va.) Business Records, 1791-1926. [include volume title]. Local government records collection, Frederick County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Frederick County (Va.) Business Records, 1791-1926. [include volume title]. Local government records collection, Frederick County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePrior to 2024, the various business records in this collection were originally described as individual records, but they have been consolidated into one large business record for the locality.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese records were processed by Greg Crawford in 2002. Efforts have been taken to identify chancery causes related to these business records as some of these records were used as evidence in court proceedings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEncoded by J. Taylor: April 2025\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information\n"],"processinfo_tesim":["Prior to 2024, the various business records in this collection were originally described as individual records, but they have been consolidated into one large business record for the locality.","These records were processed by Greg Crawford in 2002. Efforts have been taken to identify chancery causes related to these business records as some of these records were used as evidence in court proceedings.","Encoded by J. Taylor: April 2025\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Frederick County Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia.  Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA159\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee also: \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi03945.xml\"\u003eA Guide to the Frederick County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1860-1912\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Frederick County Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia.  Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","See also:  A Guide to the Frederick County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1860-1912"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrederick County (Va.) Business Records, 1791-1926 is comprised of various records created by individuals and companies in pursuit of documenting business activities in and around Frederick County (Va.). Represented records largely consist of bound volumes such as ledgers, daybooks, and account books.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of Albert C. Moore consists of a ledger. The volume recorded checks or loans written by Albert C. Moore, a drawer, on behalf of individuals and companies. Information found in volume includes date of entry, name of drawer, name of company or individual, address of company or individual, amount of interest, date of payment, and amount paid.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of the Branner Tire Shop consists of a daybook. The volume recorded transactions on a daily basis from December 1923-June 1924. It also includes accounts of individual customers for 1925 and several loose documents dated 1926. Information found in volume includes date of transaction, name of customer, service rendered, and amount owed, and whether customer paid or not. Services rendered include sale of gas, tires, and tire valves; tire repairs; and oil changes. Names of automobiles (Ford truck, Ford sedan, Buick, Dodge, etc.) are included in some entries.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003eBranner Tire Shop was an automobile service station owned by G.L. Branner located in Winchester, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of Charles W. Anderson consists of a record book. The record book recorded masonry work performed by Charles W. Anderson. Information found in entries include names of individuals Anderson did work for, date of work, service rendered, expenses, amount of work done per day, and payment. Services rendered include bricklaying, stone work, building fireplaces and laying payment. Anderson was part of a firm known as Anderson and Strother.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of Crupper and Clark consist of two ledgers. The volumes recorded the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order and the amount owed and paid. The ledgers do not list the names of items purchased, rather they use the general term \"merchandise\". They also record the company's controlling accounts such as merchandise account, cash account, and expense account.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003eThe Crupper and Clarke mercantile partnership was formed by Micajah Crupper and Elijah Clarke and conducted business in the town of Berrysville, Virginia. It dissolved in 1812.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee also: \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/chancery/case_detail.asp?CFN=069-1833-143\"\u003eFrederick County (Va.) Chancery Cause, 1833-143: George Steptoe Lane vs. Micajah Crupper etc.\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003e David Keeler was a tanner who conducted business in Front Royal in Warren County. He was born in Frederick County and died in Warren County in 1856.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of David Keeler consist of a daybook. The volume recorded transactions as they occurred on a daily basis from April 1824-August 1833. Information found in each entry includes name of customer, services rendered or items purchased, and the amount owed and paid. Items sold include calf skin, dog skin, horse hide, sheep skin, and leather goods. Payments made by cash and barter including corn, calf skin, sheep skin, wood, and flour.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of the Eastern Silica and Chemical Corporation consists of a ledger. The first third of the volume recorded the company's controlling accounts such as advertising account, insurance account, machinery and equipment account, petty cash, expenses, etc. Each account lists date of transaction and the amount paid. The rest of the volume includes the individual accounts of customers. Information found in each account includes name of customer, address of customer, date of transaction, invoice number of transaction, and the amount owed and paid.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003eEastern Silica and Chemical Corporation was a company that mined and sold raw materials used to produce glass in Frederick County during the early twentieth century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of Garber, Gold, and Company consists of a ledger. The volume recorded the individual accounts of customers who did business with Basic City Livery and Exchange Stables located in Augusta County and owned by Garber, Gold, and Company. Each account lists transactions in chronological order, style of transaction, and the amount owed and paid. Services rendered include renting of horses, buggies, harnesses, and lodging and feeding of horses. Volume also includes information collected by Philip H. Gold as special commissioner in a court case heard in the Shenandoah County Circuit Court titled Mary E. Pitman versus Administrator of John L. Pitman and others.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003eGarber, Gold, and Company was a partnership that conducted business in Frederick County. It owned a livery business in Augusta County called Basic City Livery and Exchange Stables. One of the partners was Philip H. Gold who also served as deputy circuit court clerk in Frederick County.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of Hollingsworth and Parkins consists of a daybook and ledger. Both volumes include references to Union Mills located in Frederick County.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003eHollingsworth and Parkins was a mill partnership located near the town of Winchester.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee also: \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/chancery/case_detail.asp?CFN=069-1835-192\"\u003eFrederick County (Va.) Chancery Cause, 1835-192: Isaac Hollingsworth vs. Nathan Parkins\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe daybook recorded the mill's transactions as they occurred on a daily basis from October, 1811-January 1815. Information found in each entry includes name of customer or payments made by mill, amount of wheat, corn, rye, etc., ground, amount of flour, meal, etc., sold, and the amount owed and paid. Page numbers associated with each entry correspond with page numbers in ledger.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLedger A recorded  the individual accounts of customers. Each account records transactions in chronological order. Each entry lists date of transaction, style of transaction (merchandise purchased, service rendered, or form of payment), and amount owed or paid. Payments made by cash, credit, barter (wheat, rye, flour, wood, etc.,) or labor. Services rendered include grinding wheat, corn, and rye to produce flour and meal. Ledger also records the mill's controlling accounts including cash account, wheat account, mill account, and general charges.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of James H. Griffith and Company consists of a daybook. The volume recorded \nDaybook, 1857-1858, of James H. Griffith and Company records transactions as they occurred on a daily basis from June 1857-June 1858. Information found in each entry includes name of customer, items purchased, and the amount owed and paid. Merchandise sold include tools, coffee, clothing, shoes, candlewick, molasses, and dry-goods. Payments made by cash, barter (butter, eggs, apples, etc.,) and labor. The last few pages of volume record debt accounts of individual customers.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003eJames H. Griffith and Company was a general store located in the town of White Hall in Frederick County.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003e The business records of James S. Lane and Towner consists of a ledger. The volume recorded the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Each entry list date of transaction, merchandise sold, and amount owed or paid. Merchandise sold include dry-goods, clothing, coffee, bowls, fur hats, spices, books, food, and tea.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003eJames S. Lane and Towner was a mercantile partnership formed by James S. Lane and Benjamin T. Towner and located in Jefferson County, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/title\u003eJohn S. Guyer was born in Keighly, Yorkshire, England on August 4, 1817. He came to America with his mother in 1829 and settled in Middletown, Frederick County, Virginia. Guyer attended Winchester Medical College. After graduating in 1848, he began his medical practice in Bloomery, present-day West Virginia, and later became a partner of a Dr. Carter in Morgantown. Guyer returned to Middletown in 1854 and started a medical practice. At the beginning of the Civil War, he was appointed surgeon of the 51st Virginia Regiment eventually becoming senior surgeon of the brigade. Guyer resigned in 1862 returning to his practice in Middletown. He was arrested by Union troops and according to his obituary was offered a position as a surgeon in the Union Army with the rank of Brigadier General which Guyer declined. After the war, Guyer served as a magistrate for Frederick County and was president of the Frederick County Medical Society from 1875 until his death on December 9, 1888.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/title\u003eThe business records of John S. Guyer consist of a ledger. The volume recorded  transactions in chronological order. Each entry list date of transaction, style of transaction (service rendered, form of payment, etc.,), and amount owed or paid. Payments made by cash, credit, or barter (potatoes, apples, mutton, etc.). Services rendered include visits to patients, medication, and consultations.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003eJoseph Abraham Nulton was born in Winchester on November 27, 1837. He worked in his father Abraham Nulton's stove and tinware business. At the beginning of the Civil War, Nulton enlisted in Company F, Second Virginia Infantry, Stonewall Brigade. He was discharged from the army after being wounded at the Battle of Chancellorsville. Nulton took over the stove and tinware business after his father's death in 1871. He was elected clerk of Frederick County Circuit Court 1881 serving 12 years. Nulton died of pneumonia on March 3, 1893.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of Joseph A. Nulton consist of a ledger. The volume was used to keep track of customer orders for products sold by Nulton. It records the individual accounts of customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Each entry list date of transaction, style of transaction, and amount owed or paid. Items sold include coffee pots, tea pots, spoons, kitchen stoves, spitoons, and flat irons.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of Joseph W. Carter consist of a daybook. The volume recorded in chronological order the transactions of a mill owned by Carter. Each entry includes date of transaction, name of customer, style of transaction, goods purchased, and amount owed or paid. Payments made by cash, credit, or barter such as bacon, wheat, corn, and rye. The mill threshed rye, corn, and wheat into flour and meal.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of Nanmiter and Keeler conist of a ledger. The volume recorded  individual accounts of customers. Information found in each account includes name of customer, date of transaction, services rendered or items purchased, and the amount owed and paid. Items sold include calf skin, horse collars, sheep skin, and leather goods. Services rendered include tanning animal skins and repair of leather goods. Payments made by cash and barter including wheat, animal hides, bacon, and potatoes.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of Richard C. Windle consist of two daybooks and an inventory volume. The daybooks recorded transactions as they occurred on a daily basis from September 1840-October 1843. Information found in each entry includes name of customer, items purchased, and the amount owed and paid. Merchandise sold include dry-goods, coffee, candles, sugar, pitchers, umbrellas, rice, and spices. The inventory volume listed  merchandise found at Windle's store after he sold it. Each entry records the quantity of merchandise, type of merchandise, cost per item, and total value of merchandise.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003eRichard C. Windle owned a general store that conducted business during the mid-nineteenth century in Winchester, Virginia. He was forced to sell his general store due to outstanding debt on March 13, 1845.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee also: \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/chancery/case_detail.asp?CFN=069-1857-018\"\u003eFrederick County (Va.) Chancery Cause, 1857-018: George D. Harrison vs. Trustees of Richard C. Windle etc.\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003eRichard S. Griffith operated a general store in the town of White Hall during the mid-nineteenth century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of Richard S. Griffith consist of a ledger. The volume recorded the accounts of individual customers. Each account records debit and credit transactions in chronological order. Each entry list date of transaction, style of transaction (merchandise purchased or form of payment), and amount owed and paid. Payments made by cash, credit, barter (chickens, butter, eggs, bacon, etc.) or labor (hauling goods). Merchandise sold include dry-goods, spices, nails, food, tobacco, clothing, umbrellas, and boots.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of the Shenandoah Valley Hedge Company consist of a stock certificate book. The volume includes stock certificates and receipts of shareholders. The stock certificate records name of shareholder, number of shares purchased, amount of each share, date of purchase, and signatures of the company's secretary and president. The receipt records the certificate number, name of shareholder, number of shares purchased, date of purchase, shareholder's address, and amount paid for shares. Receipt also includes a section if shareholder transferred his shares to another individual. Includes name of individual and date of transfer.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of the unidentified attorney consist of a ledger. The volume recorded  the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in accounts include date of transaction, services rendered, amount owed, amount paid, and form of payment. Payments made by cash, credit, or barter such as cloth and beef. Services rendered include legal representation in chancery, debt, and other suits, writing deeds, legal counsel, and payment of legal fees.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of the unidentified business, perhaps a general store, consist of a ledger. The volume recorded the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, form of payment, and the amount owed and paid. Ledger does not list the names of items purchased, rather it uses the general term \"merchandise\". Payments made by cash, credit, labor such as hauling corn and flour, and by barter such as wheat, pork, chickens, and corn.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of the unidentified business consist of a newspaper subscription and exchange book. The volume recorded a list of town subscribers from 1850 to 1852. Information found includes date of subscription, name of subscriber, length of subscription, and whether subscription was transferred or discontinued. Majority of the volume records newspaper subscriptions and exchanges of out of town customers. Entries are organized by name of locality such as Baltimore, Maryland; Richmond, Virginia; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Middletown, Indiana; and Millville, Iowa. Information found in each entry includes date of subscription or exchange, name of customer, name of newspaper subscribed or exchanged, amount owed or paid, and whether subscription was transferred or discontinued. A list of newspapers that customers subscribed or exchanged is found inside the front cover of the volume. They include the Baltimore Daily Sun, Boston Post, Pittsburgh Dispatch, Richmond Enquirer, Fellowsville (Va.) Democrat, and Weston (Va.) Sentinel. Volume is in poor condition due to damaged spine.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe last few pages of the volume record the sale of items from an unidentified estate conducted in 1868. Entries include name of item and quantity purchased, name of purchaser, and amount paid.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of the unidentified general store consist of a ledger, called \"Ledger C.\" The volume recorded the individual accounts of customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, merchandise purchased, form of payment, and amount owed and paid. Merchandise sold include china bowls, clothing, dry-goods, animal skins, glass panes, shoes, nails, and sugar. Payments made by cash, credit, labor such as masonry work, hauling fodder, etc., and barter such as sugar, lumber, corn, turnips, etc.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of the unidentified general store consist of a ledger. The volume recorded  the accounts of individual customers. Each account records transactions in chronological order. Each entry list date of transaction, style of transaction (merchandise purchased, form of payment, etc.,), and amount owed or paid. Payments made by cash, credit, or barter (eggs, veal, corn, peach brandy, etc.,). Merchandise sold include dry-goods, chocolate, clothing, food, text books, dining ware, and brandy. Volume is in poor condition due to damaged spine.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of the unidentified general store consist of a ledger. The volume was used as a daybook by an unidentified general store. It recorded transactions as they occurred on a daily basis from November 1828-April 1829. Information found in each entry includes name of customer, merchandise sold, and the amount owed or paid. Merchandise sold include molasses, coffee, brandy, dry-goods (yarn, muslin, buttons, silk thread, etc.,), nails, and combs. Payments made by cash, credit, and barter such as pork and butter.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of the unidentified general store consist of a ledger. The volume recorded the individual accounts of customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, merchandise purchased, price of merchandise, and total cost. Merchandise sold include fish, corn, dry-goods (muslin, yarn, calico, etc.,), clothing, plates, brandy, knives, and books. Payments made by cash, credit, and barter such as butter and pork.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of the unidentified mill consist of a ledger. The volume recorded the mill's transactions in chronological order. Each entry includes name of customer; quantity of corn, wheat, rye, etc., ground; and amount owed. Ledger also records a list of customers given credit for flour barrels and a list of services (wheat ground, flour delivered, etc.,) rendered to Baales Davis.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of the unidentified mill consist of an account book. The volume recorded customer accounts in chronological order from June 1810 to August 1811. Each account list name of customer, quantity of flour or other items purchased, and amount paid. The predominant form of flour produced by the mill was superfine flour.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of the unidentified shoemaker, who was located in the town of Winchester, consist of a ledger. The first half of the volume recorded in chronological order the individual accounts of customers from 1850-1853. Each account lists name of customer, date of transaction, service rendered or merchandise sold, and amount owed and paid. The second half of the volume recorded individual transactions in chronological order, similar to a daybook, from September 1854-August 1855. Each entry records name of customer, service rendered or merchandise sold, and amount owed. Merchandise sold include boots, slippers, and shoes. Services rendered include mending and soling boots and shoes.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of the Winchester and Potomac Railroad Company consist of a fourth installment book. The volume lists in alphabetical order the company's shareholders, the amount of shares purchased, and amount paid for shares.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003e The Winchester and Potomac Railroad (W \u0026amp; P) was the first railroad in Winchester, VA. It was chartered by the Virginia General Assembly in 1831 and ran from Harper's Ferry to Winchester. The original train stopped at the corner of Water and Market Streets. In March 1862, the United States Army seized the railroad. In 1866, when the Winchester and Potomac was returned to the owners, they decided to lease the right-of-way to the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B \u0026amp; O). In 1902, through a third party, the W \u0026amp; P was acquired by the B \u0026amp; O.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee also: \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/chancery/case_detail.asp?CFN=069-1835-168\"\u003eFrederick County (Va.) Chancery Cause, 1835-168: Winchester and Potomac Rail Road Company vs. Grove and Campbell\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of Washington G. Singleton consist of a daybook. Singleton was an attorney who practiced in the courts of Frederick, Clarke, Rappahannock and Warren Counties. It recorded in chronological order Singleton's legal activities. Each entry lists name of client or court case, service rendered, and amount owed or paid. Payments made by cash, credit, or barter, such as wood. Services rendered include legal representation in chancery, debt, and other suits, writing deeds, legal counsel, and payment of legal fees.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003eWashington George Singleton, son of Joshua and Nancy Wynne Singleton, was born in 1798 in Virginia. He married Maria Antoinette Waite on 26 April 1823. In 1828 began what would become a successful law practice. His success led to his appointment by President Jackson as United States Attorney for the Western District of Virginia in 1834. He served for eight years in that office and then returned to his private practice in Winchester. Singleton, who practiced law until his death in 1866, also was elected the Clerk of the Superior Court of the Chancery in 1858. He continued to practice law until his death in 1866.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of William Long and Company consist of a daybook. The volume recorded  transactions as they occurred on an almost daily basis from May 1802-November 1803. Information found in each entry includes name of customer, items purchased, and the amount owed and paid. Merchandise sold include dry-goods, spices, pen knives, clothing, tin cups, coffee, and farm tools.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003eWilliam Long and Company was a mercantile partnership formed in 1802 by William Long and William Wilson. It conducted business in the town of Middletown during the early nineteenth century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee also: \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/chancery/case_detail.asp?CFN=069-1824-100\"\u003eFrederick County (Va.) Chancery Cause, 1824-100: Evan Berry etc. vs. Executors of Joseph Berry\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of William McEndree consist of a ledger. The volume recorded the accounts of individual customers. Each account records transactions in chronological order. Each entry list date of transaction, style of transaction (merchandise purchased, service rendered, or form of payment),and amount owed or paid. Payments made by cash, credit, or barter (whiskey, rye, corn, empty barrels, etc.,). Services rendered include hauling rye. The predominant merchandise sold was whiskey. Other merchandise sold include wheat, corn, pork, potatoes, bacon, and rye.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003eWilliam McEndree was landowner, mill owner and perhaps liquor distiller who lived in Frederick County.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee also:\u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/chancery/case_detail.asp?CFN=069-1837-064\"\u003eFrederick County (Va.) Chancery Cause, 1837-064: Hiram L. Opie etc. vs. Admr. of William McEndree etc.\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003eWilliam R. Alexander was born in Clarke County, Virginia. He attended Loudoun Preparatory School and law school at the University of Virginia. Alexander completed the prescribed courses in one yearand was an acclaimed orator in the Jefferson Literary society. He moved to Winchester in 1875 where he practiced law as a criminal lawyer in the courts of Frederick, Clarke, and Warren Counties during the late nineteenth century. Alexander was elected Commonwealth Attorney for four terms and was elected mayor of Winchester in 1890. He unsuccessfully ran for a congressional seat and attorney general. Alexander died of tuberculosis on December 23, 1898.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of William R. Alexander consist of an office book. The volume recorded  transactions in chronological order. Each entry list date of transaction, service rendered, and amount and paid. Payments made by cash, credit, barter (horses, wood, flour, etc.,), and labor (moving a safe, garden work, cutting wood, etc.,). Services rendered include legal representation in chancery, debt, divorce, and other suits, writing deeds, legal counsel, and payment of legal fees.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Frederick County (Va.) Business Records, 1791-1926 is comprised of various records created by individuals and companies in pursuit of documenting business activities in and around Frederick County (Va.). Represented records largely consist of bound volumes such as ledgers, daybooks, and account books.\n","Scope and Content: The business records of Albert C. Moore consists of a ledger. The volume recorded checks or loans written by Albert C. Moore, a drawer, on behalf of individuals and companies. Information found in volume includes date of entry, name of drawer, name of company or individual, address of company or individual, amount of interest, date of payment, and amount paid.\n","Scope and Content: The business records of the Branner Tire Shop consists of a daybook. The volume recorded transactions on a daily basis from December 1923-June 1924. It also includes accounts of individual customers for 1925 and several loose documents dated 1926. Information found in volume includes date of transaction, name of customer, service rendered, and amount owed, and whether customer paid or not. Services rendered include sale of gas, tires, and tire valves; tire repairs; and oil changes. Names of automobiles (Ford truck, Ford sedan, Buick, Dodge, etc.) are included in some entries.\n","Historical Information: Branner Tire Shop was an automobile service station owned by G.L. Branner located in Winchester, Virginia.","Scope and Content: The business records of Charles W. Anderson consists of a record book. The record book recorded masonry work performed by Charles W. Anderson. Information found in entries include names of individuals Anderson did work for, date of work, service rendered, expenses, amount of work done per day, and payment. Services rendered include bricklaying, stone work, building fireplaces and laying payment. Anderson was part of a firm known as Anderson and Strother.\n","Scope and Content: The business records of Crupper and Clark consist of two ledgers. The volumes recorded the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order and the amount owed and paid. The ledgers do not list the names of items purchased, rather they use the general term \"merchandise\". They also record the company's controlling accounts such as merchandise account, cash account, and expense account.\n","Historical Information: The Crupper and Clarke mercantile partnership was formed by Micajah Crupper and Elijah Clarke and conducted business in the town of Berrysville, Virginia. It dissolved in 1812.","See also:  Frederick County (Va.) Chancery Cause, 1833-143: George Steptoe Lane vs. Micajah Crupper etc.","Historical Information:  David Keeler was a tanner who conducted business in Front Royal in Warren County. He was born in Frederick County and died in Warren County in 1856.\n","Scope and Content: The business records of David Keeler consist of a daybook. The volume recorded transactions as they occurred on a daily basis from April 1824-August 1833. Information found in each entry includes name of customer, services rendered or items purchased, and the amount owed and paid. Items sold include calf skin, dog skin, horse hide, sheep skin, and leather goods. Payments made by cash and barter including corn, calf skin, sheep skin, wood, and flour.","Scope and Content: The business records of the Eastern Silica and Chemical Corporation consists of a ledger. The first third of the volume recorded the company's controlling accounts such as advertising account, insurance account, machinery and equipment account, petty cash, expenses, etc. Each account lists date of transaction and the amount paid. The rest of the volume includes the individual accounts of customers. Information found in each account includes name of customer, address of customer, date of transaction, invoice number of transaction, and the amount owed and paid.\n","Historical Information: Eastern Silica and Chemical Corporation was a company that mined and sold raw materials used to produce glass in Frederick County during the early twentieth century.","Scope and Content: The business records of Garber, Gold, and Company consists of a ledger. The volume recorded the individual accounts of customers who did business with Basic City Livery and Exchange Stables located in Augusta County and owned by Garber, Gold, and Company. Each account lists transactions in chronological order, style of transaction, and the amount owed and paid. Services rendered include renting of horses, buggies, harnesses, and lodging and feeding of horses. Volume also includes information collected by Philip H. Gold as special commissioner in a court case heard in the Shenandoah County Circuit Court titled Mary E. Pitman versus Administrator of John L. Pitman and others.\n","Historical Information: Garber, Gold, and Company was a partnership that conducted business in Frederick County. It owned a livery business in Augusta County called Basic City Livery and Exchange Stables. One of the partners was Philip H. Gold who also served as deputy circuit court clerk in Frederick County.","Scope and Content: The business records of Hollingsworth and Parkins consists of a daybook and ledger. Both volumes include references to Union Mills located in Frederick County.\n","Historical Information: Hollingsworth and Parkins was a mill partnership located near the town of Winchester.","See also:  Frederick County (Va.) Chancery Cause, 1835-192: Isaac Hollingsworth vs. Nathan Parkins","The daybook recorded the mill's transactions as they occurred on a daily basis from October, 1811-January 1815. Information found in each entry includes name of customer or payments made by mill, amount of wheat, corn, rye, etc., ground, amount of flour, meal, etc., sold, and the amount owed and paid. Page numbers associated with each entry correspond with page numbers in ledger.\n\t","Ledger A recorded  the individual accounts of customers. Each account records transactions in chronological order. Each entry lists date of transaction, style of transaction (merchandise purchased, service rendered, or form of payment), and amount owed or paid. Payments made by cash, credit, barter (wheat, rye, flour, wood, etc.,) or labor. Services rendered include grinding wheat, corn, and rye to produce flour and meal. Ledger also records the mill's controlling accounts including cash account, wheat account, mill account, and general charges.\n\t","Scope and Content: The business records of James H. Griffith and Company consists of a daybook. The volume recorded \nDaybook, 1857-1858, of James H. Griffith and Company records transactions as they occurred on a daily basis from June 1857-June 1858. Information found in each entry includes name of customer, items purchased, and the amount owed and paid. Merchandise sold include tools, coffee, clothing, shoes, candlewick, molasses, and dry-goods. Payments made by cash, barter (butter, eggs, apples, etc.,) and labor. The last few pages of volume record debt accounts of individual customers.\n","Historical Information: James H. Griffith and Company was a general store located in the town of White Hall in Frederick County.","Scope and Content:  The business records of James S. Lane and Towner consists of a ledger. The volume recorded the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Each entry list date of transaction, merchandise sold, and amount owed or paid. Merchandise sold include dry-goods, clothing, coffee, bowls, fur hats, spices, books, food, and tea.\n","Historical Information: James S. Lane and Towner was a mercantile partnership formed by James S. Lane and Benjamin T. Towner and located in Jefferson County, West Virginia.","Historical Information: John S. Guyer was born in Keighly, Yorkshire, England on August 4, 1817. He came to America with his mother in 1829 and settled in Middletown, Frederick County, Virginia. Guyer attended Winchester Medical College. After graduating in 1848, he began his medical practice in Bloomery, present-day West Virginia, and later became a partner of a Dr. Carter in Morgantown. Guyer returned to Middletown in 1854 and started a medical practice. At the beginning of the Civil War, he was appointed surgeon of the 51st Virginia Regiment eventually becoming senior surgeon of the brigade. Guyer resigned in 1862 returning to his practice in Middletown. He was arrested by Union troops and according to his obituary was offered a position as a surgeon in the Union Army with the rank of Brigadier General which Guyer declined. After the war, Guyer served as a magistrate for Frederick County and was president of the Frederick County Medical Society from 1875 until his death on December 9, 1888.","Scope and Content: The business records of John S. Guyer consist of a ledger. The volume recorded  transactions in chronological order. Each entry list date of transaction, style of transaction (service rendered, form of payment, etc.,), and amount owed or paid. Payments made by cash, credit, or barter (potatoes, apples, mutton, etc.). Services rendered include visits to patients, medication, and consultations.\n","Historical Information: Joseph Abraham Nulton was born in Winchester on November 27, 1837. He worked in his father Abraham Nulton's stove and tinware business. At the beginning of the Civil War, Nulton enlisted in Company F, Second Virginia Infantry, Stonewall Brigade. He was discharged from the army after being wounded at the Battle of Chancellorsville. Nulton took over the stove and tinware business after his father's death in 1871. He was elected clerk of Frederick County Circuit Court 1881 serving 12 years. Nulton died of pneumonia on March 3, 1893.\n","Scope and Content: The business records of Joseph A. Nulton consist of a ledger. The volume was used to keep track of customer orders for products sold by Nulton. It records the individual accounts of customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Each entry list date of transaction, style of transaction, and amount owed or paid. Items sold include coffee pots, tea pots, spoons, kitchen stoves, spitoons, and flat irons.","Scope and Content: The business records of Joseph W. Carter consist of a daybook. The volume recorded in chronological order the transactions of a mill owned by Carter. Each entry includes date of transaction, name of customer, style of transaction, goods purchased, and amount owed or paid. Payments made by cash, credit, or barter such as bacon, wheat, corn, and rye. The mill threshed rye, corn, and wheat into flour and meal.\n","Scope and Content: The business records of Nanmiter and Keeler conist of a ledger. The volume recorded  individual accounts of customers. Information found in each account includes name of customer, date of transaction, services rendered or items purchased, and the amount owed and paid. Items sold include calf skin, horse collars, sheep skin, and leather goods. Services rendered include tanning animal skins and repair of leather goods. Payments made by cash and barter including wheat, animal hides, bacon, and potatoes.\n","Scope and Content: The business records of Richard C. Windle consist of two daybooks and an inventory volume. The daybooks recorded transactions as they occurred on a daily basis from September 1840-October 1843. Information found in each entry includes name of customer, items purchased, and the amount owed and paid. Merchandise sold include dry-goods, coffee, candles, sugar, pitchers, umbrellas, rice, and spices. The inventory volume listed  merchandise found at Windle's store after he sold it. Each entry records the quantity of merchandise, type of merchandise, cost per item, and total value of merchandise.","Historical Information: Richard C. Windle owned a general store that conducted business during the mid-nineteenth century in Winchester, Virginia. He was forced to sell his general store due to outstanding debt on March 13, 1845.\n","See also:  Frederick County (Va.) Chancery Cause, 1857-018: George D. Harrison vs. Trustees of Richard C. Windle etc.","Historical Information: Richard S. Griffith operated a general store in the town of White Hall during the mid-nineteenth century.","Scope and Content: The business records of Richard S. Griffith consist of a ledger. The volume recorded the accounts of individual customers. Each account records debit and credit transactions in chronological order. Each entry list date of transaction, style of transaction (merchandise purchased or form of payment), and amount owed and paid. Payments made by cash, credit, barter (chickens, butter, eggs, bacon, etc.) or labor (hauling goods). Merchandise sold include dry-goods, spices, nails, food, tobacco, clothing, umbrellas, and boots.","Scope and Content: The business records of the Shenandoah Valley Hedge Company consist of a stock certificate book. The volume includes stock certificates and receipts of shareholders. The stock certificate records name of shareholder, number of shares purchased, amount of each share, date of purchase, and signatures of the company's secretary and president. The receipt records the certificate number, name of shareholder, number of shares purchased, date of purchase, shareholder's address, and amount paid for shares. Receipt also includes a section if shareholder transferred his shares to another individual. Includes name of individual and date of transfer.\n","Scope and Content: The business records of the unidentified attorney consist of a ledger. The volume recorded  the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in accounts include date of transaction, services rendered, amount owed, amount paid, and form of payment. Payments made by cash, credit, or barter such as cloth and beef. Services rendered include legal representation in chancery, debt, and other suits, writing deeds, legal counsel, and payment of legal fees.\n","Scope and Content: The business records of the unidentified business, perhaps a general store, consist of a ledger. The volume recorded the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, form of payment, and the amount owed and paid. Ledger does not list the names of items purchased, rather it uses the general term \"merchandise\". Payments made by cash, credit, labor such as hauling corn and flour, and by barter such as wheat, pork, chickens, and corn.\n","Scope and Content: The business records of the unidentified business consist of a newspaper subscription and exchange book. The volume recorded a list of town subscribers from 1850 to 1852. Information found includes date of subscription, name of subscriber, length of subscription, and whether subscription was transferred or discontinued. Majority of the volume records newspaper subscriptions and exchanges of out of town customers. Entries are organized by name of locality such as Baltimore, Maryland; Richmond, Virginia; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Middletown, Indiana; and Millville, Iowa. Information found in each entry includes date of subscription or exchange, name of customer, name of newspaper subscribed or exchanged, amount owed or paid, and whether subscription was transferred or discontinued. A list of newspapers that customers subscribed or exchanged is found inside the front cover of the volume. They include the Baltimore Daily Sun, Boston Post, Pittsburgh Dispatch, Richmond Enquirer, Fellowsville (Va.) Democrat, and Weston (Va.) Sentinel. Volume is in poor condition due to damaged spine.","The last few pages of the volume record the sale of items from an unidentified estate conducted in 1868. Entries include name of item and quantity purchased, name of purchaser, and amount paid.\n","Scope and Content: The business records of the unidentified general store consist of a ledger, called \"Ledger C.\" The volume recorded the individual accounts of customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, merchandise purchased, form of payment, and amount owed and paid. Merchandise sold include china bowls, clothing, dry-goods, animal skins, glass panes, shoes, nails, and sugar. Payments made by cash, credit, labor such as masonry work, hauling fodder, etc., and barter such as sugar, lumber, corn, turnips, etc.\n","Scope and Content: The business records of the unidentified general store consist of a ledger. The volume recorded  the accounts of individual customers. Each account records transactions in chronological order. Each entry list date of transaction, style of transaction (merchandise purchased, form of payment, etc.,), and amount owed or paid. Payments made by cash, credit, or barter (eggs, veal, corn, peach brandy, etc.,). Merchandise sold include dry-goods, chocolate, clothing, food, text books, dining ware, and brandy. Volume is in poor condition due to damaged spine.\n","Scope and Content: The business records of the unidentified general store consist of a ledger. The volume was used as a daybook by an unidentified general store. It recorded transactions as they occurred on a daily basis from November 1828-April 1829. Information found in each entry includes name of customer, merchandise sold, and the amount owed or paid. Merchandise sold include molasses, coffee, brandy, dry-goods (yarn, muslin, buttons, silk thread, etc.,), nails, and combs. Payments made by cash, credit, and barter such as pork and butter.\n","Scope and Content: The business records of the unidentified general store consist of a ledger. The volume recorded the individual accounts of customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, merchandise purchased, price of merchandise, and total cost. Merchandise sold include fish, corn, dry-goods (muslin, yarn, calico, etc.,), clothing, plates, brandy, knives, and books. Payments made by cash, credit, and barter such as butter and pork.\n","Scope and Content: The business records of the unidentified mill consist of a ledger. The volume recorded the mill's transactions in chronological order. Each entry includes name of customer; quantity of corn, wheat, rye, etc., ground; and amount owed. Ledger also records a list of customers given credit for flour barrels and a list of services (wheat ground, flour delivered, etc.,) rendered to Baales Davis.\n","Scope and Content: The business records of the unidentified mill consist of an account book. The volume recorded customer accounts in chronological order from June 1810 to August 1811. Each account list name of customer, quantity of flour or other items purchased, and amount paid. The predominant form of flour produced by the mill was superfine flour.\n","Scope and Content: The business records of the unidentified shoemaker, who was located in the town of Winchester, consist of a ledger. The first half of the volume recorded in chronological order the individual accounts of customers from 1850-1853. Each account lists name of customer, date of transaction, service rendered or merchandise sold, and amount owed and paid. The second half of the volume recorded individual transactions in chronological order, similar to a daybook, from September 1854-August 1855. Each entry records name of customer, service rendered or merchandise sold, and amount owed. Merchandise sold include boots, slippers, and shoes. Services rendered include mending and soling boots and shoes.\n","Scope and Content: The business records of the Winchester and Potomac Railroad Company consist of a fourth installment book. The volume lists in alphabetical order the company's shareholders, the amount of shares purchased, and amount paid for shares.\n","Historical Information:  The Winchester and Potomac Railroad (W \u0026 P) was the first railroad in Winchester, VA. It was chartered by the Virginia General Assembly in 1831 and ran from Harper's Ferry to Winchester. The original train stopped at the corner of Water and Market Streets. In March 1862, the United States Army seized the railroad. In 1866, when the Winchester and Potomac was returned to the owners, they decided to lease the right-of-way to the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B \u0026 O). In 1902, through a third party, the W \u0026 P was acquired by the B \u0026 O.","See also:  Frederick County (Va.) Chancery Cause, 1835-168: Winchester and Potomac Rail Road Company vs. Grove and Campbell","Scope and Content: The business records of Washington G. Singleton consist of a daybook. Singleton was an attorney who practiced in the courts of Frederick, Clarke, Rappahannock and Warren Counties. It recorded in chronological order Singleton's legal activities. Each entry lists name of client or court case, service rendered, and amount owed or paid. Payments made by cash, credit, or barter, such as wood. Services rendered include legal representation in chancery, debt, and other suits, writing deeds, legal counsel, and payment of legal fees.\n","Historical Information: Washington George Singleton, son of Joshua and Nancy Wynne Singleton, was born in 1798 in Virginia. He married Maria Antoinette Waite on 26 April 1823. In 1828 began what would become a successful law practice. His success led to his appointment by President Jackson as United States Attorney for the Western District of Virginia in 1834. He served for eight years in that office and then returned to his private practice in Winchester. Singleton, who practiced law until his death in 1866, also was elected the Clerk of the Superior Court of the Chancery in 1858. He continued to practice law until his death in 1866.","Scope and Content: The business records of William Long and Company consist of a daybook. The volume recorded  transactions as they occurred on an almost daily basis from May 1802-November 1803. Information found in each entry includes name of customer, items purchased, and the amount owed and paid. Merchandise sold include dry-goods, spices, pen knives, clothing, tin cups, coffee, and farm tools.\n","Historical Information: William Long and Company was a mercantile partnership formed in 1802 by William Long and William Wilson. It conducted business in the town of Middletown during the early nineteenth century.","See also:  Frederick County (Va.) Chancery Cause, 1824-100: Evan Berry etc. vs. Executors of Joseph Berry","Scope and Content: The business records of William McEndree consist of a ledger. The volume recorded the accounts of individual customers. Each account records transactions in chronological order. Each entry list date of transaction, style of transaction (merchandise purchased, service rendered, or form of payment),and amount owed or paid. Payments made by cash, credit, or barter (whiskey, rye, corn, empty barrels, etc.,). Services rendered include hauling rye. The predominant merchandise sold was whiskey. Other merchandise sold include wheat, corn, pork, potatoes, bacon, and rye.\n","Historical Information: William McEndree was landowner, mill owner and perhaps liquor distiller who lived in Frederick County.","See also: Frederick County (Va.) Chancery Cause, 1837-064: Hiram L. Opie etc. vs. Admr. of William McEndree etc.","Historical Information: William R. Alexander was born in Clarke County, Virginia. He attended Loudoun Preparatory School and law school at the University of Virginia. Alexander completed the prescribed courses in one yearand was an acclaimed orator in the Jefferson Literary society. He moved to Winchester in 1875 where he practiced law as a criminal lawyer in the courts of Frederick, Clarke, and Warren Counties during the late nineteenth century. Alexander was elected Commonwealth Attorney for four terms and was elected mayor of Winchester in 1890. He unsuccessfully ran for a congressional seat and attorney general. Alexander died of tuberculosis on December 23, 1898.","Scope and Content: The business records of William R. Alexander consist of an office book. The volume recorded  transactions in chronological order. Each entry list date of transaction, service rendered, and amount and paid. Payments made by cash, credit, barter (horses, wood, flour, etc.,), and labor (moving a safe, garden work, cutting wood, etc.,). Services rendered include legal representation in chancery, debt, divorce, and other suits, writing deeds, legal counsel, and payment of legal fees.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eState Record Center-Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["State Record Center-Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":68,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:27:14.939Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi06221","ead_ssi":"vi_vi06221","_root_":"vi_vi06221","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi06221","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi06221.xml","title_ssm":["Frederick County (Va.) Business Records, \n1791-1926"],"title_tesim":["Frederick County (Va.) Business Records, \n1791-1926"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Frederick County (Va.) Business Records, \n1791-1926"],"text":["Frederick County (Va.) Business Records, \n1791-1926","There are no restrictions.\n","This collection is arranged into thirty-two series:\n Series I: Business Records of Albert C. Moore, 1910-1912 Series II: Business Records of Branner Tire Shop, 1923-1926 Series III: Business Records of Charles W. Anderson, 1852-1880 Series IV: Business Records of Crupper and Clark, 1807-1812 Series V: Business Records of David Keeler's Tannery, 1824-1833 Series VI: Business Records of Eastern Silica and Chemical Corporation, 1929-1930 Series VII:Business Records of Garber, Gold, and Company, 1891-1903 Series VIII: Business Records of Hollingsworth and Parkins, 1811-1821 Series IX: Business Records of James H. Griffith and Company, 1857-1858 Series X: Business Records of James S. Lane and Benjamin T. Towner, 1818-1819 Series XI: Business Records of John S. Guyer, 1876-1889 Series XII: Business Records of Joseph A. Nulton, 1874-1875 Series XIII: Business Records of Joseph W. Carter, 1826-1833 Series XIV: Business Records of Nanmiter and Keeler, 1818-1825 Series XV: Business Records of Richard C. Windle, 1840-1843 Series XVI: Business Records of Richard S. Griffith, 1847-1851 Series XVII: Business Records of the Shenandoah Valley Hedge Company, 1886 Series XVIII: Business Records of an Unidentified Attorney, 1806-1820 Series XIX: Business Records of an Unidentified Business, 1805-1808 Series XX: Business Records of an Unidentified Business, 1850-1852, 1868 Series XXI: Business Records of an Unidentified General Store, 1791-1793 Series XXII: Business Records of an Unidentified General Store, 1825-1828 Series XXIII: Business Records of an Unidentified General Store, 1828-1829 Series XXIV: Business Records of an Unidentified General Store, 1828-1829 Series XXV: Business Records of an Unidentified Mill, 1802-1803 Series XXVI: Business Records of an Unidentified Mill, 1810-1811 Series XXVII: Business Records of an Unidentified Shoemaker, 1850-1855 Series XXVIII: Business Records of the Winchester and Potomac Railroad Company, 1833-1835 Series XXIX: Business Records of Washington G. Singleton, 1844-1854 Series XXX: Business Records of William Long and Company, 1802-1803 Series XXXI: Business Records of William McEndree, 1823-1825 Series XXXIII: Business Records of William R. Alexander, 1875-1888","Context for Record Type:  Business Records, both volumes and loose records, are in some cases transferred to the Library of Virginia as components of court record transfers. These business records in some cases were simply stored in the local court building for safe keeping by business owners. In other cases, business records (particularly ledgers, account books, etc.) may have been filed in a court case as an exhibit. These business record exhibits appeared both in chancery causes and in judgments, these records serving as exhibits for business dissolution cases, debut suits, and contract disputes.\n","Locality History: Frederick County was named in honor of Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales and eldest son of King George II. It was formed from Orange County by a statute of 1738 that stipulated that when the population was large enough the new county government would begin to function. The county court first met on 11 November 1743. Part of Augusta County was added in 1754. The county seat is the city of Winchester.","Prior to 2024, the various business records in this collection were originally described as individual records, but they have been consolidated into one large business record for the locality.","These records were processed by Greg Crawford in 2002. Efforts have been taken to identify chancery causes related to these business records as some of these records were used as evidence in court proceedings.","Encoded by J. Taylor: April 2025\n","Additional Frederick County Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia.  Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","See also:  A Guide to the Frederick County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1860-1912","Frederick County (Va.) Business Records, 1791-1926 is comprised of various records created by individuals and companies in pursuit of documenting business activities in and around Frederick County (Va.). Represented records largely consist of bound volumes such as ledgers, daybooks, and account books.\n","Scope and Content: The business records of Albert C. Moore consists of a ledger. The volume recorded checks or loans written by Albert C. Moore, a drawer, on behalf of individuals and companies. Information found in volume includes date of entry, name of drawer, name of company or individual, address of company or individual, amount of interest, date of payment, and amount paid.\n","Scope and Content: The business records of the Branner Tire Shop consists of a daybook. The volume recorded transactions on a daily basis from December 1923-June 1924. It also includes accounts of individual customers for 1925 and several loose documents dated 1926. Information found in volume includes date of transaction, name of customer, service rendered, and amount owed, and whether customer paid or not. Services rendered include sale of gas, tires, and tire valves; tire repairs; and oil changes. Names of automobiles (Ford truck, Ford sedan, Buick, Dodge, etc.) are included in some entries.\n","Historical Information: Branner Tire Shop was an automobile service station owned by G.L. Branner located in Winchester, Virginia.","Scope and Content: The business records of Charles W. Anderson consists of a record book. The record book recorded masonry work performed by Charles W. Anderson. Information found in entries include names of individuals Anderson did work for, date of work, service rendered, expenses, amount of work done per day, and payment. Services rendered include bricklaying, stone work, building fireplaces and laying payment. Anderson was part of a firm known as Anderson and Strother.\n","Scope and Content: The business records of Crupper and Clark consist of two ledgers. The volumes recorded the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order and the amount owed and paid. The ledgers do not list the names of items purchased, rather they use the general term \"merchandise\". They also record the company's controlling accounts such as merchandise account, cash account, and expense account.\n","Historical Information: The Crupper and Clarke mercantile partnership was formed by Micajah Crupper and Elijah Clarke and conducted business in the town of Berrysville, Virginia. It dissolved in 1812.","See also:  Frederick County (Va.) Chancery Cause, 1833-143: George Steptoe Lane vs. Micajah Crupper etc.","Historical Information:  David Keeler was a tanner who conducted business in Front Royal in Warren County. He was born in Frederick County and died in Warren County in 1856.\n","Scope and Content: The business records of David Keeler consist of a daybook. The volume recorded transactions as they occurred on a daily basis from April 1824-August 1833. Information found in each entry includes name of customer, services rendered or items purchased, and the amount owed and paid. Items sold include calf skin, dog skin, horse hide, sheep skin, and leather goods. Payments made by cash and barter including corn, calf skin, sheep skin, wood, and flour.","Scope and Content: The business records of the Eastern Silica and Chemical Corporation consists of a ledger. The first third of the volume recorded the company's controlling accounts such as advertising account, insurance account, machinery and equipment account, petty cash, expenses, etc. Each account lists date of transaction and the amount paid. The rest of the volume includes the individual accounts of customers. Information found in each account includes name of customer, address of customer, date of transaction, invoice number of transaction, and the amount owed and paid.\n","Historical Information: Eastern Silica and Chemical Corporation was a company that mined and sold raw materials used to produce glass in Frederick County during the early twentieth century.","Scope and Content: The business records of Garber, Gold, and Company consists of a ledger. The volume recorded the individual accounts of customers who did business with Basic City Livery and Exchange Stables located in Augusta County and owned by Garber, Gold, and Company. Each account lists transactions in chronological order, style of transaction, and the amount owed and paid. Services rendered include renting of horses, buggies, harnesses, and lodging and feeding of horses. Volume also includes information collected by Philip H. Gold as special commissioner in a court case heard in the Shenandoah County Circuit Court titled Mary E. Pitman versus Administrator of John L. Pitman and others.\n","Historical Information: Garber, Gold, and Company was a partnership that conducted business in Frederick County. It owned a livery business in Augusta County called Basic City Livery and Exchange Stables. One of the partners was Philip H. Gold who also served as deputy circuit court clerk in Frederick County.","Scope and Content: The business records of Hollingsworth and Parkins consists of a daybook and ledger. Both volumes include references to Union Mills located in Frederick County.\n","Historical Information: Hollingsworth and Parkins was a mill partnership located near the town of Winchester.","See also:  Frederick County (Va.) Chancery Cause, 1835-192: Isaac Hollingsworth vs. Nathan Parkins","The daybook recorded the mill's transactions as they occurred on a daily basis from October, 1811-January 1815. Information found in each entry includes name of customer or payments made by mill, amount of wheat, corn, rye, etc., ground, amount of flour, meal, etc., sold, and the amount owed and paid. Page numbers associated with each entry correspond with page numbers in ledger.\n\t","Ledger A recorded  the individual accounts of customers. Each account records transactions in chronological order. Each entry lists date of transaction, style of transaction (merchandise purchased, service rendered, or form of payment), and amount owed or paid. Payments made by cash, credit, barter (wheat, rye, flour, wood, etc.,) or labor. Services rendered include grinding wheat, corn, and rye to produce flour and meal. Ledger also records the mill's controlling accounts including cash account, wheat account, mill account, and general charges.\n\t","Scope and Content: The business records of James H. Griffith and Company consists of a daybook. The volume recorded \nDaybook, 1857-1858, of James H. Griffith and Company records transactions as they occurred on a daily basis from June 1857-June 1858. Information found in each entry includes name of customer, items purchased, and the amount owed and paid. Merchandise sold include tools, coffee, clothing, shoes, candlewick, molasses, and dry-goods. Payments made by cash, barter (butter, eggs, apples, etc.,) and labor. The last few pages of volume record debt accounts of individual customers.\n","Historical Information: James H. Griffith and Company was a general store located in the town of White Hall in Frederick County.","Scope and Content:  The business records of James S. Lane and Towner consists of a ledger. The volume recorded the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Each entry list date of transaction, merchandise sold, and amount owed or paid. Merchandise sold include dry-goods, clothing, coffee, bowls, fur hats, spices, books, food, and tea.\n","Historical Information: James S. Lane and Towner was a mercantile partnership formed by James S. Lane and Benjamin T. Towner and located in Jefferson County, West Virginia.","Historical Information: John S. Guyer was born in Keighly, Yorkshire, England on August 4, 1817. He came to America with his mother in 1829 and settled in Middletown, Frederick County, Virginia. Guyer attended Winchester Medical College. After graduating in 1848, he began his medical practice in Bloomery, present-day West Virginia, and later became a partner of a Dr. Carter in Morgantown. Guyer returned to Middletown in 1854 and started a medical practice. At the beginning of the Civil War, he was appointed surgeon of the 51st Virginia Regiment eventually becoming senior surgeon of the brigade. Guyer resigned in 1862 returning to his practice in Middletown. He was arrested by Union troops and according to his obituary was offered a position as a surgeon in the Union Army with the rank of Brigadier General which Guyer declined. After the war, Guyer served as a magistrate for Frederick County and was president of the Frederick County Medical Society from 1875 until his death on December 9, 1888.","Scope and Content: The business records of John S. Guyer consist of a ledger. The volume recorded  transactions in chronological order. Each entry list date of transaction, style of transaction (service rendered, form of payment, etc.,), and amount owed or paid. Payments made by cash, credit, or barter (potatoes, apples, mutton, etc.). Services rendered include visits to patients, medication, and consultations.\n","Historical Information: Joseph Abraham Nulton was born in Winchester on November 27, 1837. He worked in his father Abraham Nulton's stove and tinware business. At the beginning of the Civil War, Nulton enlisted in Company F, Second Virginia Infantry, Stonewall Brigade. He was discharged from the army after being wounded at the Battle of Chancellorsville. Nulton took over the stove and tinware business after his father's death in 1871. He was elected clerk of Frederick County Circuit Court 1881 serving 12 years. Nulton died of pneumonia on March 3, 1893.\n","Scope and Content: The business records of Joseph A. Nulton consist of a ledger. The volume was used to keep track of customer orders for products sold by Nulton. It records the individual accounts of customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Each entry list date of transaction, style of transaction, and amount owed or paid. Items sold include coffee pots, tea pots, spoons, kitchen stoves, spitoons, and flat irons.","Scope and Content: The business records of Joseph W. Carter consist of a daybook. The volume recorded in chronological order the transactions of a mill owned by Carter. Each entry includes date of transaction, name of customer, style of transaction, goods purchased, and amount owed or paid. Payments made by cash, credit, or barter such as bacon, wheat, corn, and rye. The mill threshed rye, corn, and wheat into flour and meal.\n","Scope and Content: The business records of Nanmiter and Keeler conist of a ledger. The volume recorded  individual accounts of customers. Information found in each account includes name of customer, date of transaction, services rendered or items purchased, and the amount owed and paid. Items sold include calf skin, horse collars, sheep skin, and leather goods. Services rendered include tanning animal skins and repair of leather goods. Payments made by cash and barter including wheat, animal hides, bacon, and potatoes.\n","Scope and Content: The business records of Richard C. Windle consist of two daybooks and an inventory volume. The daybooks recorded transactions as they occurred on a daily basis from September 1840-October 1843. Information found in each entry includes name of customer, items purchased, and the amount owed and paid. Merchandise sold include dry-goods, coffee, candles, sugar, pitchers, umbrellas, rice, and spices. The inventory volume listed  merchandise found at Windle's store after he sold it. Each entry records the quantity of merchandise, type of merchandise, cost per item, and total value of merchandise.","Historical Information: Richard C. Windle owned a general store that conducted business during the mid-nineteenth century in Winchester, Virginia. He was forced to sell his general store due to outstanding debt on March 13, 1845.\n","See also:  Frederick County (Va.) Chancery Cause, 1857-018: George D. Harrison vs. Trustees of Richard C. Windle etc.","Historical Information: Richard S. Griffith operated a general store in the town of White Hall during the mid-nineteenth century.","Scope and Content: The business records of Richard S. Griffith consist of a ledger. The volume recorded the accounts of individual customers. Each account records debit and credit transactions in chronological order. Each entry list date of transaction, style of transaction (merchandise purchased or form of payment), and amount owed and paid. Payments made by cash, credit, barter (chickens, butter, eggs, bacon, etc.) or labor (hauling goods). Merchandise sold include dry-goods, spices, nails, food, tobacco, clothing, umbrellas, and boots.","Scope and Content: The business records of the Shenandoah Valley Hedge Company consist of a stock certificate book. The volume includes stock certificates and receipts of shareholders. The stock certificate records name of shareholder, number of shares purchased, amount of each share, date of purchase, and signatures of the company's secretary and president. The receipt records the certificate number, name of shareholder, number of shares purchased, date of purchase, shareholder's address, and amount paid for shares. Receipt also includes a section if shareholder transferred his shares to another individual. Includes name of individual and date of transfer.\n","Scope and Content: The business records of the unidentified attorney consist of a ledger. The volume recorded  the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in accounts include date of transaction, services rendered, amount owed, amount paid, and form of payment. Payments made by cash, credit, or barter such as cloth and beef. Services rendered include legal representation in chancery, debt, and other suits, writing deeds, legal counsel, and payment of legal fees.\n","Scope and Content: The business records of the unidentified business, perhaps a general store, consist of a ledger. The volume recorded the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, form of payment, and the amount owed and paid. Ledger does not list the names of items purchased, rather it uses the general term \"merchandise\". Payments made by cash, credit, labor such as hauling corn and flour, and by barter such as wheat, pork, chickens, and corn.\n","Scope and Content: The business records of the unidentified business consist of a newspaper subscription and exchange book. The volume recorded a list of town subscribers from 1850 to 1852. Information found includes date of subscription, name of subscriber, length of subscription, and whether subscription was transferred or discontinued. Majority of the volume records newspaper subscriptions and exchanges of out of town customers. Entries are organized by name of locality such as Baltimore, Maryland; Richmond, Virginia; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Middletown, Indiana; and Millville, Iowa. Information found in each entry includes date of subscription or exchange, name of customer, name of newspaper subscribed or exchanged, amount owed or paid, and whether subscription was transferred or discontinued. A list of newspapers that customers subscribed or exchanged is found inside the front cover of the volume. They include the Baltimore Daily Sun, Boston Post, Pittsburgh Dispatch, Richmond Enquirer, Fellowsville (Va.) Democrat, and Weston (Va.) Sentinel. Volume is in poor condition due to damaged spine.","The last few pages of the volume record the sale of items from an unidentified estate conducted in 1868. Entries include name of item and quantity purchased, name of purchaser, and amount paid.\n","Scope and Content: The business records of the unidentified general store consist of a ledger, called \"Ledger C.\" The volume recorded the individual accounts of customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, merchandise purchased, form of payment, and amount owed and paid. Merchandise sold include china bowls, clothing, dry-goods, animal skins, glass panes, shoes, nails, and sugar. Payments made by cash, credit, labor such as masonry work, hauling fodder, etc., and barter such as sugar, lumber, corn, turnips, etc.\n","Scope and Content: The business records of the unidentified general store consist of a ledger. The volume recorded  the accounts of individual customers. Each account records transactions in chronological order. Each entry list date of transaction, style of transaction (merchandise purchased, form of payment, etc.,), and amount owed or paid. Payments made by cash, credit, or barter (eggs, veal, corn, peach brandy, etc.,). Merchandise sold include dry-goods, chocolate, clothing, food, text books, dining ware, and brandy. Volume is in poor condition due to damaged spine.\n","Scope and Content: The business records of the unidentified general store consist of a ledger. The volume was used as a daybook by an unidentified general store. It recorded transactions as they occurred on a daily basis from November 1828-April 1829. Information found in each entry includes name of customer, merchandise sold, and the amount owed or paid. Merchandise sold include molasses, coffee, brandy, dry-goods (yarn, muslin, buttons, silk thread, etc.,), nails, and combs. Payments made by cash, credit, and barter such as pork and butter.\n","Scope and Content: The business records of the unidentified general store consist of a ledger. The volume recorded the individual accounts of customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, merchandise purchased, price of merchandise, and total cost. Merchandise sold include fish, corn, dry-goods (muslin, yarn, calico, etc.,), clothing, plates, brandy, knives, and books. Payments made by cash, credit, and barter such as butter and pork.\n","Scope and Content: The business records of the unidentified mill consist of a ledger. The volume recorded the mill's transactions in chronological order. Each entry includes name of customer; quantity of corn, wheat, rye, etc., ground; and amount owed. Ledger also records a list of customers given credit for flour barrels and a list of services (wheat ground, flour delivered, etc.,) rendered to Baales Davis.\n","Scope and Content: The business records of the unidentified mill consist of an account book. The volume recorded customer accounts in chronological order from June 1810 to August 1811. Each account list name of customer, quantity of flour or other items purchased, and amount paid. The predominant form of flour produced by the mill was superfine flour.\n","Scope and Content: The business records of the unidentified shoemaker, who was located in the town of Winchester, consist of a ledger. The first half of the volume recorded in chronological order the individual accounts of customers from 1850-1853. Each account lists name of customer, date of transaction, service rendered or merchandise sold, and amount owed and paid. The second half of the volume recorded individual transactions in chronological order, similar to a daybook, from September 1854-August 1855. Each entry records name of customer, service rendered or merchandise sold, and amount owed. Merchandise sold include boots, slippers, and shoes. Services rendered include mending and soling boots and shoes.\n","Scope and Content: The business records of the Winchester and Potomac Railroad Company consist of a fourth installment book. The volume lists in alphabetical order the company's shareholders, the amount of shares purchased, and amount paid for shares.\n","Historical Information:  The Winchester and Potomac Railroad (W \u0026 P) was the first railroad in Winchester, VA. It was chartered by the Virginia General Assembly in 1831 and ran from Harper's Ferry to Winchester. The original train stopped at the corner of Water and Market Streets. In March 1862, the United States Army seized the railroad. In 1866, when the Winchester and Potomac was returned to the owners, they decided to lease the right-of-way to the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B \u0026 O). In 1902, through a third party, the W \u0026 P was acquired by the B \u0026 O.","See also:  Frederick County (Va.) Chancery Cause, 1835-168: Winchester and Potomac Rail Road Company vs. Grove and Campbell","Scope and Content: The business records of Washington G. Singleton consist of a daybook. Singleton was an attorney who practiced in the courts of Frederick, Clarke, Rappahannock and Warren Counties. It recorded in chronological order Singleton's legal activities. Each entry lists name of client or court case, service rendered, and amount owed or paid. Payments made by cash, credit, or barter, such as wood. Services rendered include legal representation in chancery, debt, and other suits, writing deeds, legal counsel, and payment of legal fees.\n","Historical Information: Washington George Singleton, son of Joshua and Nancy Wynne Singleton, was born in 1798 in Virginia. He married Maria Antoinette Waite on 26 April 1823. In 1828 began what would become a successful law practice. His success led to his appointment by President Jackson as United States Attorney for the Western District of Virginia in 1834. He served for eight years in that office and then returned to his private practice in Winchester. Singleton, who practiced law until his death in 1866, also was elected the Clerk of the Superior Court of the Chancery in 1858. He continued to practice law until his death in 1866.","Scope and Content: The business records of William Long and Company consist of a daybook. The volume recorded  transactions as they occurred on an almost daily basis from May 1802-November 1803. Information found in each entry includes name of customer, items purchased, and the amount owed and paid. Merchandise sold include dry-goods, spices, pen knives, clothing, tin cups, coffee, and farm tools.\n","Historical Information: William Long and Company was a mercantile partnership formed in 1802 by William Long and William Wilson. It conducted business in the town of Middletown during the early nineteenth century.","See also:  Frederick County (Va.) Chancery Cause, 1824-100: Evan Berry etc. vs. Executors of Joseph Berry","Scope and Content: The business records of William McEndree consist of a ledger. The volume recorded the accounts of individual customers. Each account records transactions in chronological order. Each entry list date of transaction, style of transaction (merchandise purchased, service rendered, or form of payment),and amount owed or paid. Payments made by cash, credit, or barter (whiskey, rye, corn, empty barrels, etc.,). Services rendered include hauling rye. The predominant merchandise sold was whiskey. Other merchandise sold include wheat, corn, pork, potatoes, bacon, and rye.\n","Historical Information: William McEndree was landowner, mill owner and perhaps liquor distiller who lived in Frederick County.","See also: Frederick County (Va.) Chancery Cause, 1837-064: Hiram L. Opie etc. vs. Admr. of William McEndree etc.","Historical Information: William R. Alexander was born in Clarke County, Virginia. He attended Loudoun Preparatory School and law school at the University of Virginia. Alexander completed the prescribed courses in one yearand was an acclaimed orator in the Jefferson Literary society. He moved to Winchester in 1875 where he practiced law as a criminal lawyer in the courts of Frederick, Clarke, and Warren Counties during the late nineteenth century. Alexander was elected Commonwealth Attorney for four terms and was elected mayor of Winchester in 1890. He unsuccessfully ran for a congressional seat and attorney general. Alexander died of tuberculosis on December 23, 1898.","Scope and Content: The business records of William R. Alexander consist of an office book. The volume recorded  transactions in chronological order. Each entry list date of transaction, service rendered, and amount and paid. Payments made by cash, credit, barter (horses, wood, flour, etc.,), and labor (moving a safe, garden work, cutting wood, etc.,). Services rendered include legal representation in chancery, debt, divorce, and other suits, writing deeds, legal counsel, and payment of legal fees.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","State Record Center-Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n","English\n"],"collection_title_tesim":["Frederick County (Va.) Business Records, \n1791-1926"],"collection_ssim":["Frederick County (Va.) Business Records, \n1791-1926"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Frederick County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Frederick County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in transfers of court papers from Frederick County in an undated accession.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["36 volumes."],"extent_tesim":["36 volumes."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into thirty-two series:\n\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries I: Business Records of Albert C. Moore, 1910-1912\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries II: Business Records of Branner Tire Shop, 1923-1926\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries III: Business Records of Charles W. Anderson, 1852-1880\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries IV: Business Records of Crupper and Clark, 1807-1812\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries V: Business Records of David Keeler's Tannery, 1824-1833\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VI: Business Records of Eastern Silica and Chemical Corporation, 1929-1930\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VII:Business Records of Garber, Gold, and Company, 1891-1903\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VIII: Business Records of Hollingsworth and Parkins, 1811-1821\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries IX: Business Records of James H. Griffith and Company, 1857-1858\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries X: Business Records of James S. Lane and Benjamin T. Towner, 1818-1819\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XI: Business Records of John S. Guyer, 1876-1889\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XII: Business Records of Joseph A. Nulton, 1874-1875\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XIII: Business Records of Joseph W. Carter, 1826-1833\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XIV: Business Records of Nanmiter and Keeler, 1818-1825\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XV: Business Records of Richard C. Windle, 1840-1843\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XVI: Business Records of Richard S. Griffith, 1847-1851\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XVII: Business Records of the Shenandoah Valley Hedge Company, 1886\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XVIII: Business Records of an Unidentified Attorney, 1806-1820\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XIX: Business Records of an Unidentified Business, 1805-1808\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XX: Business Records of an Unidentified Business, 1850-1852, 1868\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XXI: Business Records of an Unidentified General Store, 1791-1793\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XXII: Business Records of an Unidentified General Store, 1825-1828\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XXIII: Business Records of an Unidentified General Store, 1828-1829\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XXIV: Business Records of an Unidentified General Store, 1828-1829\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XXV: Business Records of an Unidentified Mill, 1802-1803\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XXVI: Business Records of an Unidentified Mill, 1810-1811\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XXVII: Business Records of an Unidentified Shoemaker, 1850-1855\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XXVIII: Business Records of the Winchester and Potomac Railroad Company, 1833-1835\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XXIX: Business Records of Washington G. Singleton, 1844-1854\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XXX: Business Records of William Long and Company, 1802-1803\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XXXI: Business Records of William McEndree, 1823-1825\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XXXIII: Business Records of William R. Alexander, 1875-1888\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into thirty-two series:\n Series I: Business Records of Albert C. Moore, 1910-1912 Series II: Business Records of Branner Tire Shop, 1923-1926 Series III: Business Records of Charles W. Anderson, 1852-1880 Series IV: Business Records of Crupper and Clark, 1807-1812 Series V: Business Records of David Keeler's Tannery, 1824-1833 Series VI: Business Records of Eastern Silica and Chemical Corporation, 1929-1930 Series VII:Business Records of Garber, Gold, and Company, 1891-1903 Series VIII: Business Records of Hollingsworth and Parkins, 1811-1821 Series IX: Business Records of James H. Griffith and Company, 1857-1858 Series X: Business Records of James S. Lane and Benjamin T. Towner, 1818-1819 Series XI: Business Records of John S. Guyer, 1876-1889 Series XII: Business Records of Joseph A. Nulton, 1874-1875 Series XIII: Business Records of Joseph W. Carter, 1826-1833 Series XIV: Business Records of Nanmiter and Keeler, 1818-1825 Series XV: Business Records of Richard C. Windle, 1840-1843 Series XVI: Business Records of Richard S. Griffith, 1847-1851 Series XVII: Business Records of the Shenandoah Valley Hedge Company, 1886 Series XVIII: Business Records of an Unidentified Attorney, 1806-1820 Series XIX: Business Records of an Unidentified Business, 1805-1808 Series XX: Business Records of an Unidentified Business, 1850-1852, 1868 Series XXI: Business Records of an Unidentified General Store, 1791-1793 Series XXII: Business Records of an Unidentified General Store, 1825-1828 Series XXIII: Business Records of an Unidentified General Store, 1828-1829 Series XXIV: Business Records of an Unidentified General Store, 1828-1829 Series XXV: Business Records of an Unidentified Mill, 1802-1803 Series XXVI: Business Records of an Unidentified Mill, 1810-1811 Series XXVII: Business Records of an Unidentified Shoemaker, 1850-1855 Series XXVIII: Business Records of the Winchester and Potomac Railroad Company, 1833-1835 Series XXIX: Business Records of Washington G. Singleton, 1844-1854 Series XXX: Business Records of William Long and Company, 1802-1803 Series XXXI: Business Records of William McEndree, 1823-1825 Series XXXIII: Business Records of William R. Alexander, 1875-1888"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Record Type:\u003c/emph\u003e Business Records, both volumes and loose records, are in some cases transferred to the Library of Virginia as components of court record transfers. These business records in some cases were simply stored in the local court building for safe keeping by business owners. In other cases, business records (particularly ledgers, account books, etc.) may have been filed in a court case as an exhibit. These business record exhibits appeared both in chancery causes and in judgments, these records serving as exhibits for business dissolution cases, debut suits, and contract disputes.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History:\u003c/emph\u003eFrederick County was named in honor of Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales and eldest son of King George II. It was formed from Orange County by a statute of 1738 that stipulated that when the population was large enough the new county government would begin to function. The county court first met on 11 November 1743. Part of Augusta County was added in 1754. The county seat is the city of Winchester.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Record Type:  Business Records, both volumes and loose records, are in some cases transferred to the Library of Virginia as components of court record transfers. These business records in some cases were simply stored in the local court building for safe keeping by business owners. In other cases, business records (particularly ledgers, account books, etc.) may have been filed in a court case as an exhibit. These business record exhibits appeared both in chancery causes and in judgments, these records serving as exhibits for business dissolution cases, debut suits, and contract disputes.\n","Locality History: Frederick County was named in honor of Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales and eldest son of King George II. It was formed from Orange County by a statute of 1738 that stipulated that when the population was large enough the new county government would begin to function. The county court first met on 11 November 1743. Part of Augusta County was added in 1754. The county seat is the city of Winchester."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrederick County (Va.) Business Records, 1791-1926. [include volume title]. Local government records collection, Frederick County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Frederick County (Va.) Business Records, 1791-1926. [include volume title]. Local government records collection, Frederick County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePrior to 2024, the various business records in this collection were originally described as individual records, but they have been consolidated into one large business record for the locality.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese records were processed by Greg Crawford in 2002. Efforts have been taken to identify chancery causes related to these business records as some of these records were used as evidence in court proceedings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEncoded by J. Taylor: April 2025\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information\n"],"processinfo_tesim":["Prior to 2024, the various business records in this collection were originally described as individual records, but they have been consolidated into one large business record for the locality.","These records were processed by Greg Crawford in 2002. Efforts have been taken to identify chancery causes related to these business records as some of these records were used as evidence in court proceedings.","Encoded by J. Taylor: April 2025\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Frederick County Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia.  Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA159\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee also: \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi03945.xml\"\u003eA Guide to the Frederick County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1860-1912\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Frederick County Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia.  Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","See also:  A Guide to the Frederick County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1860-1912"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrederick County (Va.) Business Records, 1791-1926 is comprised of various records created by individuals and companies in pursuit of documenting business activities in and around Frederick County (Va.). Represented records largely consist of bound volumes such as ledgers, daybooks, and account books.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of Albert C. Moore consists of a ledger. The volume recorded checks or loans written by Albert C. Moore, a drawer, on behalf of individuals and companies. Information found in volume includes date of entry, name of drawer, name of company or individual, address of company or individual, amount of interest, date of payment, and amount paid.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of the Branner Tire Shop consists of a daybook. The volume recorded transactions on a daily basis from December 1923-June 1924. It also includes accounts of individual customers for 1925 and several loose documents dated 1926. Information found in volume includes date of transaction, name of customer, service rendered, and amount owed, and whether customer paid or not. Services rendered include sale of gas, tires, and tire valves; tire repairs; and oil changes. Names of automobiles (Ford truck, Ford sedan, Buick, Dodge, etc.) are included in some entries.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003eBranner Tire Shop was an automobile service station owned by G.L. Branner located in Winchester, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of Charles W. Anderson consists of a record book. The record book recorded masonry work performed by Charles W. Anderson. Information found in entries include names of individuals Anderson did work for, date of work, service rendered, expenses, amount of work done per day, and payment. Services rendered include bricklaying, stone work, building fireplaces and laying payment. Anderson was part of a firm known as Anderson and Strother.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of Crupper and Clark consist of two ledgers. The volumes recorded the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order and the amount owed and paid. The ledgers do not list the names of items purchased, rather they use the general term \"merchandise\". They also record the company's controlling accounts such as merchandise account, cash account, and expense account.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003eThe Crupper and Clarke mercantile partnership was formed by Micajah Crupper and Elijah Clarke and conducted business in the town of Berrysville, Virginia. It dissolved in 1812.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee also: \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/chancery/case_detail.asp?CFN=069-1833-143\"\u003eFrederick County (Va.) Chancery Cause, 1833-143: George Steptoe Lane vs. Micajah Crupper etc.\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003e David Keeler was a tanner who conducted business in Front Royal in Warren County. He was born in Frederick County and died in Warren County in 1856.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of David Keeler consist of a daybook. The volume recorded transactions as they occurred on a daily basis from April 1824-August 1833. Information found in each entry includes name of customer, services rendered or items purchased, and the amount owed and paid. Items sold include calf skin, dog skin, horse hide, sheep skin, and leather goods. Payments made by cash and barter including corn, calf skin, sheep skin, wood, and flour.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of the Eastern Silica and Chemical Corporation consists of a ledger. The first third of the volume recorded the company's controlling accounts such as advertising account, insurance account, machinery and equipment account, petty cash, expenses, etc. Each account lists date of transaction and the amount paid. The rest of the volume includes the individual accounts of customers. Information found in each account includes name of customer, address of customer, date of transaction, invoice number of transaction, and the amount owed and paid.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003eEastern Silica and Chemical Corporation was a company that mined and sold raw materials used to produce glass in Frederick County during the early twentieth century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of Garber, Gold, and Company consists of a ledger. The volume recorded the individual accounts of customers who did business with Basic City Livery and Exchange Stables located in Augusta County and owned by Garber, Gold, and Company. Each account lists transactions in chronological order, style of transaction, and the amount owed and paid. Services rendered include renting of horses, buggies, harnesses, and lodging and feeding of horses. Volume also includes information collected by Philip H. Gold as special commissioner in a court case heard in the Shenandoah County Circuit Court titled Mary E. Pitman versus Administrator of John L. Pitman and others.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003eGarber, Gold, and Company was a partnership that conducted business in Frederick County. It owned a livery business in Augusta County called Basic City Livery and Exchange Stables. One of the partners was Philip H. Gold who also served as deputy circuit court clerk in Frederick County.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of Hollingsworth and Parkins consists of a daybook and ledger. Both volumes include references to Union Mills located in Frederick County.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003eHollingsworth and Parkins was a mill partnership located near the town of Winchester.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee also: \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/chancery/case_detail.asp?CFN=069-1835-192\"\u003eFrederick County (Va.) Chancery Cause, 1835-192: Isaac Hollingsworth vs. Nathan Parkins\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe daybook recorded the mill's transactions as they occurred on a daily basis from October, 1811-January 1815. Information found in each entry includes name of customer or payments made by mill, amount of wheat, corn, rye, etc., ground, amount of flour, meal, etc., sold, and the amount owed and paid. Page numbers associated with each entry correspond with page numbers in ledger.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLedger A recorded  the individual accounts of customers. Each account records transactions in chronological order. Each entry lists date of transaction, style of transaction (merchandise purchased, service rendered, or form of payment), and amount owed or paid. Payments made by cash, credit, barter (wheat, rye, flour, wood, etc.,) or labor. Services rendered include grinding wheat, corn, and rye to produce flour and meal. Ledger also records the mill's controlling accounts including cash account, wheat account, mill account, and general charges.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of James H. Griffith and Company consists of a daybook. The volume recorded \nDaybook, 1857-1858, of James H. Griffith and Company records transactions as they occurred on a daily basis from June 1857-June 1858. Information found in each entry includes name of customer, items purchased, and the amount owed and paid. Merchandise sold include tools, coffee, clothing, shoes, candlewick, molasses, and dry-goods. Payments made by cash, barter (butter, eggs, apples, etc.,) and labor. The last few pages of volume record debt accounts of individual customers.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003eJames H. Griffith and Company was a general store located in the town of White Hall in Frederick County.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003e The business records of James S. Lane and Towner consists of a ledger. The volume recorded the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Each entry list date of transaction, merchandise sold, and amount owed or paid. Merchandise sold include dry-goods, clothing, coffee, bowls, fur hats, spices, books, food, and tea.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003eJames S. Lane and Towner was a mercantile partnership formed by James S. Lane and Benjamin T. Towner and located in Jefferson County, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/title\u003eJohn S. Guyer was born in Keighly, Yorkshire, England on August 4, 1817. He came to America with his mother in 1829 and settled in Middletown, Frederick County, Virginia. Guyer attended Winchester Medical College. After graduating in 1848, he began his medical practice in Bloomery, present-day West Virginia, and later became a partner of a Dr. Carter in Morgantown. Guyer returned to Middletown in 1854 and started a medical practice. At the beginning of the Civil War, he was appointed surgeon of the 51st Virginia Regiment eventually becoming senior surgeon of the brigade. Guyer resigned in 1862 returning to his practice in Middletown. He was arrested by Union troops and according to his obituary was offered a position as a surgeon in the Union Army with the rank of Brigadier General which Guyer declined. After the war, Guyer served as a magistrate for Frederick County and was president of the Frederick County Medical Society from 1875 until his death on December 9, 1888.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/title\u003eThe business records of John S. Guyer consist of a ledger. The volume recorded  transactions in chronological order. Each entry list date of transaction, style of transaction (service rendered, form of payment, etc.,), and amount owed or paid. Payments made by cash, credit, or barter (potatoes, apples, mutton, etc.). Services rendered include visits to patients, medication, and consultations.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003eJoseph Abraham Nulton was born in Winchester on November 27, 1837. He worked in his father Abraham Nulton's stove and tinware business. At the beginning of the Civil War, Nulton enlisted in Company F, Second Virginia Infantry, Stonewall Brigade. He was discharged from the army after being wounded at the Battle of Chancellorsville. Nulton took over the stove and tinware business after his father's death in 1871. He was elected clerk of Frederick County Circuit Court 1881 serving 12 years. Nulton died of pneumonia on March 3, 1893.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of Joseph A. Nulton consist of a ledger. The volume was used to keep track of customer orders for products sold by Nulton. It records the individual accounts of customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Each entry list date of transaction, style of transaction, and amount owed or paid. Items sold include coffee pots, tea pots, spoons, kitchen stoves, spitoons, and flat irons.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of Joseph W. Carter consist of a daybook. The volume recorded in chronological order the transactions of a mill owned by Carter. Each entry includes date of transaction, name of customer, style of transaction, goods purchased, and amount owed or paid. Payments made by cash, credit, or barter such as bacon, wheat, corn, and rye. The mill threshed rye, corn, and wheat into flour and meal.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of Nanmiter and Keeler conist of a ledger. The volume recorded  individual accounts of customers. Information found in each account includes name of customer, date of transaction, services rendered or items purchased, and the amount owed and paid. Items sold include calf skin, horse collars, sheep skin, and leather goods. Services rendered include tanning animal skins and repair of leather goods. Payments made by cash and barter including wheat, animal hides, bacon, and potatoes.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of Richard C. Windle consist of two daybooks and an inventory volume. The daybooks recorded transactions as they occurred on a daily basis from September 1840-October 1843. Information found in each entry includes name of customer, items purchased, and the amount owed and paid. Merchandise sold include dry-goods, coffee, candles, sugar, pitchers, umbrellas, rice, and spices. The inventory volume listed  merchandise found at Windle's store after he sold it. Each entry records the quantity of merchandise, type of merchandise, cost per item, and total value of merchandise.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003eRichard C. Windle owned a general store that conducted business during the mid-nineteenth century in Winchester, Virginia. He was forced to sell his general store due to outstanding debt on March 13, 1845.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee also: \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/chancery/case_detail.asp?CFN=069-1857-018\"\u003eFrederick County (Va.) Chancery Cause, 1857-018: George D. Harrison vs. Trustees of Richard C. Windle etc.\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003eRichard S. Griffith operated a general store in the town of White Hall during the mid-nineteenth century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of Richard S. Griffith consist of a ledger. The volume recorded the accounts of individual customers. Each account records debit and credit transactions in chronological order. Each entry list date of transaction, style of transaction (merchandise purchased or form of payment), and amount owed and paid. Payments made by cash, credit, barter (chickens, butter, eggs, bacon, etc.) or labor (hauling goods). Merchandise sold include dry-goods, spices, nails, food, tobacco, clothing, umbrellas, and boots.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of the Shenandoah Valley Hedge Company consist of a stock certificate book. The volume includes stock certificates and receipts of shareholders. The stock certificate records name of shareholder, number of shares purchased, amount of each share, date of purchase, and signatures of the company's secretary and president. The receipt records the certificate number, name of shareholder, number of shares purchased, date of purchase, shareholder's address, and amount paid for shares. Receipt also includes a section if shareholder transferred his shares to another individual. Includes name of individual and date of transfer.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of the unidentified attorney consist of a ledger. The volume recorded  the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in accounts include date of transaction, services rendered, amount owed, amount paid, and form of payment. Payments made by cash, credit, or barter such as cloth and beef. Services rendered include legal representation in chancery, debt, and other suits, writing deeds, legal counsel, and payment of legal fees.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of the unidentified business, perhaps a general store, consist of a ledger. The volume recorded the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, form of payment, and the amount owed and paid. Ledger does not list the names of items purchased, rather it uses the general term \"merchandise\". Payments made by cash, credit, labor such as hauling corn and flour, and by barter such as wheat, pork, chickens, and corn.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of the unidentified business consist of a newspaper subscription and exchange book. The volume recorded a list of town subscribers from 1850 to 1852. Information found includes date of subscription, name of subscriber, length of subscription, and whether subscription was transferred or discontinued. Majority of the volume records newspaper subscriptions and exchanges of out of town customers. Entries are organized by name of locality such as Baltimore, Maryland; Richmond, Virginia; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Middletown, Indiana; and Millville, Iowa. Information found in each entry includes date of subscription or exchange, name of customer, name of newspaper subscribed or exchanged, amount owed or paid, and whether subscription was transferred or discontinued. A list of newspapers that customers subscribed or exchanged is found inside the front cover of the volume. They include the Baltimore Daily Sun, Boston Post, Pittsburgh Dispatch, Richmond Enquirer, Fellowsville (Va.) Democrat, and Weston (Va.) Sentinel. Volume is in poor condition due to damaged spine.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe last few pages of the volume record the sale of items from an unidentified estate conducted in 1868. Entries include name of item and quantity purchased, name of purchaser, and amount paid.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of the unidentified general store consist of a ledger, called \"Ledger C.\" The volume recorded the individual accounts of customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, merchandise purchased, form of payment, and amount owed and paid. Merchandise sold include china bowls, clothing, dry-goods, animal skins, glass panes, shoes, nails, and sugar. Payments made by cash, credit, labor such as masonry work, hauling fodder, etc., and barter such as sugar, lumber, corn, turnips, etc.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of the unidentified general store consist of a ledger. The volume recorded  the accounts of individual customers. Each account records transactions in chronological order. Each entry list date of transaction, style of transaction (merchandise purchased, form of payment, etc.,), and amount owed or paid. Payments made by cash, credit, or barter (eggs, veal, corn, peach brandy, etc.,). Merchandise sold include dry-goods, chocolate, clothing, food, text books, dining ware, and brandy. Volume is in poor condition due to damaged spine.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of the unidentified general store consist of a ledger. The volume was used as a daybook by an unidentified general store. It recorded transactions as they occurred on a daily basis from November 1828-April 1829. Information found in each entry includes name of customer, merchandise sold, and the amount owed or paid. Merchandise sold include molasses, coffee, brandy, dry-goods (yarn, muslin, buttons, silk thread, etc.,), nails, and combs. Payments made by cash, credit, and barter such as pork and butter.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of the unidentified general store consist of a ledger. The volume recorded the individual accounts of customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, merchandise purchased, price of merchandise, and total cost. Merchandise sold include fish, corn, dry-goods (muslin, yarn, calico, etc.,), clothing, plates, brandy, knives, and books. Payments made by cash, credit, and barter such as butter and pork.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of the unidentified mill consist of a ledger. The volume recorded the mill's transactions in chronological order. Each entry includes name of customer; quantity of corn, wheat, rye, etc., ground; and amount owed. Ledger also records a list of customers given credit for flour barrels and a list of services (wheat ground, flour delivered, etc.,) rendered to Baales Davis.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of the unidentified mill consist of an account book. The volume recorded customer accounts in chronological order from June 1810 to August 1811. Each account list name of customer, quantity of flour or other items purchased, and amount paid. The predominant form of flour produced by the mill was superfine flour.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of the unidentified shoemaker, who was located in the town of Winchester, consist of a ledger. The first half of the volume recorded in chronological order the individual accounts of customers from 1850-1853. Each account lists name of customer, date of transaction, service rendered or merchandise sold, and amount owed and paid. The second half of the volume recorded individual transactions in chronological order, similar to a daybook, from September 1854-August 1855. Each entry records name of customer, service rendered or merchandise sold, and amount owed. Merchandise sold include boots, slippers, and shoes. Services rendered include mending and soling boots and shoes.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of the Winchester and Potomac Railroad Company consist of a fourth installment book. The volume lists in alphabetical order the company's shareholders, the amount of shares purchased, and amount paid for shares.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003e The Winchester and Potomac Railroad (W \u0026amp; P) was the first railroad in Winchester, VA. It was chartered by the Virginia General Assembly in 1831 and ran from Harper's Ferry to Winchester. The original train stopped at the corner of Water and Market Streets. In March 1862, the United States Army seized the railroad. In 1866, when the Winchester and Potomac was returned to the owners, they decided to lease the right-of-way to the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B \u0026amp; O). In 1902, through a third party, the W \u0026amp; P was acquired by the B \u0026amp; O.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee also: \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/chancery/case_detail.asp?CFN=069-1835-168\"\u003eFrederick County (Va.) Chancery Cause, 1835-168: Winchester and Potomac Rail Road Company vs. Grove and Campbell\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of Washington G. Singleton consist of a daybook. Singleton was an attorney who practiced in the courts of Frederick, Clarke, Rappahannock and Warren Counties. It recorded in chronological order Singleton's legal activities. Each entry lists name of client or court case, service rendered, and amount owed or paid. Payments made by cash, credit, or barter, such as wood. Services rendered include legal representation in chancery, debt, and other suits, writing deeds, legal counsel, and payment of legal fees.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003eWashington George Singleton, son of Joshua and Nancy Wynne Singleton, was born in 1798 in Virginia. He married Maria Antoinette Waite on 26 April 1823. In 1828 began what would become a successful law practice. His success led to his appointment by President Jackson as United States Attorney for the Western District of Virginia in 1834. He served for eight years in that office and then returned to his private practice in Winchester. Singleton, who practiced law until his death in 1866, also was elected the Clerk of the Superior Court of the Chancery in 1858. He continued to practice law until his death in 1866.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of William Long and Company consist of a daybook. The volume recorded  transactions as they occurred on an almost daily basis from May 1802-November 1803. Information found in each entry includes name of customer, items purchased, and the amount owed and paid. Merchandise sold include dry-goods, spices, pen knives, clothing, tin cups, coffee, and farm tools.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003eWilliam Long and Company was a mercantile partnership formed in 1802 by William Long and William Wilson. It conducted business in the town of Middletown during the early nineteenth century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee also: \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/chancery/case_detail.asp?CFN=069-1824-100\"\u003eFrederick County (Va.) Chancery Cause, 1824-100: Evan Berry etc. vs. Executors of Joseph Berry\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of William McEndree consist of a ledger. The volume recorded the accounts of individual customers. Each account records transactions in chronological order. Each entry list date of transaction, style of transaction (merchandise purchased, service rendered, or form of payment),and amount owed or paid. Payments made by cash, credit, or barter (whiskey, rye, corn, empty barrels, etc.,). Services rendered include hauling rye. The predominant merchandise sold was whiskey. Other merchandise sold include wheat, corn, pork, potatoes, bacon, and rye.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003eWilliam McEndree was landowner, mill owner and perhaps liquor distiller who lived in Frederick County.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee also:\u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/chancery/case_detail.asp?CFN=069-1837-064\"\u003eFrederick County (Va.) Chancery Cause, 1837-064: Hiram L. Opie etc. vs. Admr. of William McEndree etc.\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003eWilliam R. Alexander was born in Clarke County, Virginia. He attended Loudoun Preparatory School and law school at the University of Virginia. Alexander completed the prescribed courses in one yearand was an acclaimed orator in the Jefferson Literary society. He moved to Winchester in 1875 where he practiced law as a criminal lawyer in the courts of Frederick, Clarke, and Warren Counties during the late nineteenth century. Alexander was elected Commonwealth Attorney for four terms and was elected mayor of Winchester in 1890. He unsuccessfully ran for a congressional seat and attorney general. Alexander died of tuberculosis on December 23, 1898.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of William R. Alexander consist of an office book. The volume recorded  transactions in chronological order. Each entry list date of transaction, service rendered, and amount and paid. Payments made by cash, credit, barter (horses, wood, flour, etc.,), and labor (moving a safe, garden work, cutting wood, etc.,). Services rendered include legal representation in chancery, debt, divorce, and other suits, writing deeds, legal counsel, and payment of legal fees.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Frederick County (Va.) Business Records, 1791-1926 is comprised of various records created by individuals and companies in pursuit of documenting business activities in and around Frederick County (Va.). Represented records largely consist of bound volumes such as ledgers, daybooks, and account books.\n","Scope and Content: The business records of Albert C. Moore consists of a ledger. The volume recorded checks or loans written by Albert C. Moore, a drawer, on behalf of individuals and companies. Information found in volume includes date of entry, name of drawer, name of company or individual, address of company or individual, amount of interest, date of payment, and amount paid.\n","Scope and Content: The business records of the Branner Tire Shop consists of a daybook. The volume recorded transactions on a daily basis from December 1923-June 1924. It also includes accounts of individual customers for 1925 and several loose documents dated 1926. Information found in volume includes date of transaction, name of customer, service rendered, and amount owed, and whether customer paid or not. Services rendered include sale of gas, tires, and tire valves; tire repairs; and oil changes. Names of automobiles (Ford truck, Ford sedan, Buick, Dodge, etc.) are included in some entries.\n","Historical Information: Branner Tire Shop was an automobile service station owned by G.L. Branner located in Winchester, Virginia.","Scope and Content: The business records of Charles W. Anderson consists of a record book. The record book recorded masonry work performed by Charles W. Anderson. Information found in entries include names of individuals Anderson did work for, date of work, service rendered, expenses, amount of work done per day, and payment. Services rendered include bricklaying, stone work, building fireplaces and laying payment. Anderson was part of a firm known as Anderson and Strother.\n","Scope and Content: The business records of Crupper and Clark consist of two ledgers. The volumes recorded the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order and the amount owed and paid. The ledgers do not list the names of items purchased, rather they use the general term \"merchandise\". They also record the company's controlling accounts such as merchandise account, cash account, and expense account.\n","Historical Information: The Crupper and Clarke mercantile partnership was formed by Micajah Crupper and Elijah Clarke and conducted business in the town of Berrysville, Virginia. It dissolved in 1812.","See also:  Frederick County (Va.) Chancery Cause, 1833-143: George Steptoe Lane vs. Micajah Crupper etc.","Historical Information:  David Keeler was a tanner who conducted business in Front Royal in Warren County. He was born in Frederick County and died in Warren County in 1856.\n","Scope and Content: The business records of David Keeler consist of a daybook. The volume recorded transactions as they occurred on a daily basis from April 1824-August 1833. Information found in each entry includes name of customer, services rendered or items purchased, and the amount owed and paid. Items sold include calf skin, dog skin, horse hide, sheep skin, and leather goods. Payments made by cash and barter including corn, calf skin, sheep skin, wood, and flour.","Scope and Content: The business records of the Eastern Silica and Chemical Corporation consists of a ledger. The first third of the volume recorded the company's controlling accounts such as advertising account, insurance account, machinery and equipment account, petty cash, expenses, etc. Each account lists date of transaction and the amount paid. The rest of the volume includes the individual accounts of customers. Information found in each account includes name of customer, address of customer, date of transaction, invoice number of transaction, and the amount owed and paid.\n","Historical Information: Eastern Silica and Chemical Corporation was a company that mined and sold raw materials used to produce glass in Frederick County during the early twentieth century.","Scope and Content: The business records of Garber, Gold, and Company consists of a ledger. The volume recorded the individual accounts of customers who did business with Basic City Livery and Exchange Stables located in Augusta County and owned by Garber, Gold, and Company. Each account lists transactions in chronological order, style of transaction, and the amount owed and paid. Services rendered include renting of horses, buggies, harnesses, and lodging and feeding of horses. Volume also includes information collected by Philip H. Gold as special commissioner in a court case heard in the Shenandoah County Circuit Court titled Mary E. Pitman versus Administrator of John L. Pitman and others.\n","Historical Information: Garber, Gold, and Company was a partnership that conducted business in Frederick County. It owned a livery business in Augusta County called Basic City Livery and Exchange Stables. One of the partners was Philip H. Gold who also served as deputy circuit court clerk in Frederick County.","Scope and Content: The business records of Hollingsworth and Parkins consists of a daybook and ledger. Both volumes include references to Union Mills located in Frederick County.\n","Historical Information: Hollingsworth and Parkins was a mill partnership located near the town of Winchester.","See also:  Frederick County (Va.) Chancery Cause, 1835-192: Isaac Hollingsworth vs. Nathan Parkins","The daybook recorded the mill's transactions as they occurred on a daily basis from October, 1811-January 1815. Information found in each entry includes name of customer or payments made by mill, amount of wheat, corn, rye, etc., ground, amount of flour, meal, etc., sold, and the amount owed and paid. Page numbers associated with each entry correspond with page numbers in ledger.\n\t","Ledger A recorded  the individual accounts of customers. Each account records transactions in chronological order. Each entry lists date of transaction, style of transaction (merchandise purchased, service rendered, or form of payment), and amount owed or paid. Payments made by cash, credit, barter (wheat, rye, flour, wood, etc.,) or labor. Services rendered include grinding wheat, corn, and rye to produce flour and meal. Ledger also records the mill's controlling accounts including cash account, wheat account, mill account, and general charges.\n\t","Scope and Content: The business records of James H. Griffith and Company consists of a daybook. The volume recorded \nDaybook, 1857-1858, of James H. Griffith and Company records transactions as they occurred on a daily basis from June 1857-June 1858. Information found in each entry includes name of customer, items purchased, and the amount owed and paid. Merchandise sold include tools, coffee, clothing, shoes, candlewick, molasses, and dry-goods. Payments made by cash, barter (butter, eggs, apples, etc.,) and labor. The last few pages of volume record debt accounts of individual customers.\n","Historical Information: James H. Griffith and Company was a general store located in the town of White Hall in Frederick County.","Scope and Content:  The business records of James S. Lane and Towner consists of a ledger. The volume recorded the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Each entry list date of transaction, merchandise sold, and amount owed or paid. Merchandise sold include dry-goods, clothing, coffee, bowls, fur hats, spices, books, food, and tea.\n","Historical Information: James S. Lane and Towner was a mercantile partnership formed by James S. Lane and Benjamin T. Towner and located in Jefferson County, West Virginia.","Historical Information: John S. Guyer was born in Keighly, Yorkshire, England on August 4, 1817. He came to America with his mother in 1829 and settled in Middletown, Frederick County, Virginia. Guyer attended Winchester Medical College. After graduating in 1848, he began his medical practice in Bloomery, present-day West Virginia, and later became a partner of a Dr. Carter in Morgantown. Guyer returned to Middletown in 1854 and started a medical practice. At the beginning of the Civil War, he was appointed surgeon of the 51st Virginia Regiment eventually becoming senior surgeon of the brigade. Guyer resigned in 1862 returning to his practice in Middletown. He was arrested by Union troops and according to his obituary was offered a position as a surgeon in the Union Army with the rank of Brigadier General which Guyer declined. After the war, Guyer served as a magistrate for Frederick County and was president of the Frederick County Medical Society from 1875 until his death on December 9, 1888.","Scope and Content: The business records of John S. Guyer consist of a ledger. The volume recorded  transactions in chronological order. Each entry list date of transaction, style of transaction (service rendered, form of payment, etc.,), and amount owed or paid. Payments made by cash, credit, or barter (potatoes, apples, mutton, etc.). Services rendered include visits to patients, medication, and consultations.\n","Historical Information: Joseph Abraham Nulton was born in Winchester on November 27, 1837. He worked in his father Abraham Nulton's stove and tinware business. At the beginning of the Civil War, Nulton enlisted in Company F, Second Virginia Infantry, Stonewall Brigade. He was discharged from the army after being wounded at the Battle of Chancellorsville. Nulton took over the stove and tinware business after his father's death in 1871. He was elected clerk of Frederick County Circuit Court 1881 serving 12 years. Nulton died of pneumonia on March 3, 1893.\n","Scope and Content: The business records of Joseph A. Nulton consist of a ledger. The volume was used to keep track of customer orders for products sold by Nulton. It records the individual accounts of customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Each entry list date of transaction, style of transaction, and amount owed or paid. Items sold include coffee pots, tea pots, spoons, kitchen stoves, spitoons, and flat irons.","Scope and Content: The business records of Joseph W. Carter consist of a daybook. The volume recorded in chronological order the transactions of a mill owned by Carter. Each entry includes date of transaction, name of customer, style of transaction, goods purchased, and amount owed or paid. Payments made by cash, credit, or barter such as bacon, wheat, corn, and rye. The mill threshed rye, corn, and wheat into flour and meal.\n","Scope and Content: The business records of Nanmiter and Keeler conist of a ledger. The volume recorded  individual accounts of customers. Information found in each account includes name of customer, date of transaction, services rendered or items purchased, and the amount owed and paid. Items sold include calf skin, horse collars, sheep skin, and leather goods. Services rendered include tanning animal skins and repair of leather goods. Payments made by cash and barter including wheat, animal hides, bacon, and potatoes.\n","Scope and Content: The business records of Richard C. Windle consist of two daybooks and an inventory volume. The daybooks recorded transactions as they occurred on a daily basis from September 1840-October 1843. Information found in each entry includes name of customer, items purchased, and the amount owed and paid. Merchandise sold include dry-goods, coffee, candles, sugar, pitchers, umbrellas, rice, and spices. The inventory volume listed  merchandise found at Windle's store after he sold it. Each entry records the quantity of merchandise, type of merchandise, cost per item, and total value of merchandise.","Historical Information: Richard C. Windle owned a general store that conducted business during the mid-nineteenth century in Winchester, Virginia. He was forced to sell his general store due to outstanding debt on March 13, 1845.\n","See also:  Frederick County (Va.) Chancery Cause, 1857-018: George D. Harrison vs. Trustees of Richard C. Windle etc.","Historical Information: Richard S. Griffith operated a general store in the town of White Hall during the mid-nineteenth century.","Scope and Content: The business records of Richard S. Griffith consist of a ledger. The volume recorded the accounts of individual customers. Each account records debit and credit transactions in chronological order. Each entry list date of transaction, style of transaction (merchandise purchased or form of payment), and amount owed and paid. Payments made by cash, credit, barter (chickens, butter, eggs, bacon, etc.) or labor (hauling goods). Merchandise sold include dry-goods, spices, nails, food, tobacco, clothing, umbrellas, and boots.","Scope and Content: The business records of the Shenandoah Valley Hedge Company consist of a stock certificate book. The volume includes stock certificates and receipts of shareholders. The stock certificate records name of shareholder, number of shares purchased, amount of each share, date of purchase, and signatures of the company's secretary and president. The receipt records the certificate number, name of shareholder, number of shares purchased, date of purchase, shareholder's address, and amount paid for shares. Receipt also includes a section if shareholder transferred his shares to another individual. Includes name of individual and date of transfer.\n","Scope and Content: The business records of the unidentified attorney consist of a ledger. The volume recorded  the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in accounts include date of transaction, services rendered, amount owed, amount paid, and form of payment. Payments made by cash, credit, or barter such as cloth and beef. Services rendered include legal representation in chancery, debt, and other suits, writing deeds, legal counsel, and payment of legal fees.\n","Scope and Content: The business records of the unidentified business, perhaps a general store, consist of a ledger. The volume recorded the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, form of payment, and the amount owed and paid. Ledger does not list the names of items purchased, rather it uses the general term \"merchandise\". Payments made by cash, credit, labor such as hauling corn and flour, and by barter such as wheat, pork, chickens, and corn.\n","Scope and Content: The business records of the unidentified business consist of a newspaper subscription and exchange book. The volume recorded a list of town subscribers from 1850 to 1852. Information found includes date of subscription, name of subscriber, length of subscription, and whether subscription was transferred or discontinued. Majority of the volume records newspaper subscriptions and exchanges of out of town customers. Entries are organized by name of locality such as Baltimore, Maryland; Richmond, Virginia; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Middletown, Indiana; and Millville, Iowa. Information found in each entry includes date of subscription or exchange, name of customer, name of newspaper subscribed or exchanged, amount owed or paid, and whether subscription was transferred or discontinued. A list of newspapers that customers subscribed or exchanged is found inside the front cover of the volume. They include the Baltimore Daily Sun, Boston Post, Pittsburgh Dispatch, Richmond Enquirer, Fellowsville (Va.) Democrat, and Weston (Va.) Sentinel. Volume is in poor condition due to damaged spine.","The last few pages of the volume record the sale of items from an unidentified estate conducted in 1868. Entries include name of item and quantity purchased, name of purchaser, and amount paid.\n","Scope and Content: The business records of the unidentified general store consist of a ledger, called \"Ledger C.\" The volume recorded the individual accounts of customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, merchandise purchased, form of payment, and amount owed and paid. Merchandise sold include china bowls, clothing, dry-goods, animal skins, glass panes, shoes, nails, and sugar. Payments made by cash, credit, labor such as masonry work, hauling fodder, etc., and barter such as sugar, lumber, corn, turnips, etc.\n","Scope and Content: The business records of the unidentified general store consist of a ledger. The volume recorded  the accounts of individual customers. Each account records transactions in chronological order. Each entry list date of transaction, style of transaction (merchandise purchased, form of payment, etc.,), and amount owed or paid. Payments made by cash, credit, or barter (eggs, veal, corn, peach brandy, etc.,). Merchandise sold include dry-goods, chocolate, clothing, food, text books, dining ware, and brandy. Volume is in poor condition due to damaged spine.\n","Scope and Content: The business records of the unidentified general store consist of a ledger. The volume was used as a daybook by an unidentified general store. It recorded transactions as they occurred on a daily basis from November 1828-April 1829. Information found in each entry includes name of customer, merchandise sold, and the amount owed or paid. Merchandise sold include molasses, coffee, brandy, dry-goods (yarn, muslin, buttons, silk thread, etc.,), nails, and combs. Payments made by cash, credit, and barter such as pork and butter.\n","Scope and Content: The business records of the unidentified general store consist of a ledger. The volume recorded the individual accounts of customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, merchandise purchased, price of merchandise, and total cost. Merchandise sold include fish, corn, dry-goods (muslin, yarn, calico, etc.,), clothing, plates, brandy, knives, and books. Payments made by cash, credit, and barter such as butter and pork.\n","Scope and Content: The business records of the unidentified mill consist of a ledger. The volume recorded the mill's transactions in chronological order. Each entry includes name of customer; quantity of corn, wheat, rye, etc., ground; and amount owed. Ledger also records a list of customers given credit for flour barrels and a list of services (wheat ground, flour delivered, etc.,) rendered to Baales Davis.\n","Scope and Content: The business records of the unidentified mill consist of an account book. The volume recorded customer accounts in chronological order from June 1810 to August 1811. Each account list name of customer, quantity of flour or other items purchased, and amount paid. The predominant form of flour produced by the mill was superfine flour.\n","Scope and Content: The business records of the unidentified shoemaker, who was located in the town of Winchester, consist of a ledger. The first half of the volume recorded in chronological order the individual accounts of customers from 1850-1853. Each account lists name of customer, date of transaction, service rendered or merchandise sold, and amount owed and paid. The second half of the volume recorded individual transactions in chronological order, similar to a daybook, from September 1854-August 1855. Each entry records name of customer, service rendered or merchandise sold, and amount owed. Merchandise sold include boots, slippers, and shoes. Services rendered include mending and soling boots and shoes.\n","Scope and Content: The business records of the Winchester and Potomac Railroad Company consist of a fourth installment book. The volume lists in alphabetical order the company's shareholders, the amount of shares purchased, and amount paid for shares.\n","Historical Information:  The Winchester and Potomac Railroad (W \u0026 P) was the first railroad in Winchester, VA. It was chartered by the Virginia General Assembly in 1831 and ran from Harper's Ferry to Winchester. The original train stopped at the corner of Water and Market Streets. In March 1862, the United States Army seized the railroad. In 1866, when the Winchester and Potomac was returned to the owners, they decided to lease the right-of-way to the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B \u0026 O). In 1902, through a third party, the W \u0026 P was acquired by the B \u0026 O.","See also:  Frederick County (Va.) Chancery Cause, 1835-168: Winchester and Potomac Rail Road Company vs. Grove and Campbell","Scope and Content: The business records of Washington G. Singleton consist of a daybook. Singleton was an attorney who practiced in the courts of Frederick, Clarke, Rappahannock and Warren Counties. It recorded in chronological order Singleton's legal activities. Each entry lists name of client or court case, service rendered, and amount owed or paid. Payments made by cash, credit, or barter, such as wood. Services rendered include legal representation in chancery, debt, and other suits, writing deeds, legal counsel, and payment of legal fees.\n","Historical Information: Washington George Singleton, son of Joshua and Nancy Wynne Singleton, was born in 1798 in Virginia. He married Maria Antoinette Waite on 26 April 1823. In 1828 began what would become a successful law practice. His success led to his appointment by President Jackson as United States Attorney for the Western District of Virginia in 1834. He served for eight years in that office and then returned to his private practice in Winchester. Singleton, who practiced law until his death in 1866, also was elected the Clerk of the Superior Court of the Chancery in 1858. He continued to practice law until his death in 1866.","Scope and Content: The business records of William Long and Company consist of a daybook. The volume recorded  transactions as they occurred on an almost daily basis from May 1802-November 1803. Information found in each entry includes name of customer, items purchased, and the amount owed and paid. Merchandise sold include dry-goods, spices, pen knives, clothing, tin cups, coffee, and farm tools.\n","Historical Information: William Long and Company was a mercantile partnership formed in 1802 by William Long and William Wilson. It conducted business in the town of Middletown during the early nineteenth century.","See also:  Frederick County (Va.) Chancery Cause, 1824-100: Evan Berry etc. vs. Executors of Joseph Berry","Scope and Content: The business records of William McEndree consist of a ledger. The volume recorded the accounts of individual customers. Each account records transactions in chronological order. Each entry list date of transaction, style of transaction (merchandise purchased, service rendered, or form of payment),and amount owed or paid. Payments made by cash, credit, or barter (whiskey, rye, corn, empty barrels, etc.,). Services rendered include hauling rye. The predominant merchandise sold was whiskey. Other merchandise sold include wheat, corn, pork, potatoes, bacon, and rye.\n","Historical Information: William McEndree was landowner, mill owner and perhaps liquor distiller who lived in Frederick County.","See also: Frederick County (Va.) Chancery Cause, 1837-064: Hiram L. Opie etc. vs. Admr. of William McEndree etc.","Historical Information: William R. Alexander was born in Clarke County, Virginia. He attended Loudoun Preparatory School and law school at the University of Virginia. Alexander completed the prescribed courses in one yearand was an acclaimed orator in the Jefferson Literary society. He moved to Winchester in 1875 where he practiced law as a criminal lawyer in the courts of Frederick, Clarke, and Warren Counties during the late nineteenth century. Alexander was elected Commonwealth Attorney for four terms and was elected mayor of Winchester in 1890. He unsuccessfully ran for a congressional seat and attorney general. Alexander died of tuberculosis on December 23, 1898.","Scope and Content: The business records of William R. Alexander consist of an office book. The volume recorded  transactions in chronological order. Each entry list date of transaction, service rendered, and amount and paid. Payments made by cash, credit, barter (horses, wood, flour, etc.,), and labor (moving a safe, garden work, cutting wood, etc.,). Services rendered include legal representation in chancery, debt, divorce, and other suits, writing deeds, legal counsel, and payment of legal fees.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eState Record Center-Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["State Record Center-Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":68,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:27:14.939Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi06221"}},{"id":"vi_vi03354","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Frederick County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, \n1779-1927","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03354#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Frederick County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03354#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03354#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi03354","ead_ssi":"vi_vi03354","_root_":"vi_vi03354","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi03354","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi03354.xml","title_ssm":["Frederick County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, \n1779-1927"],"title_tesim":["Frederick County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, \n1779-1927"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":[""],"text":["","Frederick County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, \n1779-1927",".","Digital images for pre-1866 coroners' inquisitions that involve enslaved and free Black and Multiracial individuals are available on the Virginia Untold: the African American Narrative web site. Please use digital images.\n","This collection is arranged into the following series:\n","Series I: Coroners Inquisitions, 1779-1927, chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the local court.","Chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the local court.\n","Context for Record Type:  \nA carry over from the British system, the separate office of coroner appeared in Virginia about 1660. The judicial duty of the office was to hold inquisitions in cases when persons met a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious death, or death without medical attendance. The law did not encourage the Coroner to be a medical professional until the 20th century, and only stipulated that the local court be responsible for the appointment. Although not reliant on profession, this system of affluent white men making the decisions largely ensured that only other white men served in this position for much of its history\n","Prior to the Civil War, the coroner would summon a jury of twelve white men, usually prominent citizens of that locality, to assist him in determining cause of death. The jury viewed the body of the deceased and heard the testimony of witnesses which did include both white and Black perspectives. This witness testimony was recorded and after seeing and hearing the evidence, and unlike other judicial proceedings, enslaved people could provide depositions in coroner's inquisitions, but still, an all-white jury delivered in writing to the coroner their conclusion concerning cause of death referred to as the inquisition. These causes of death would be determined by a white perspective and Black individuals were only consulted; they were never in a position to make decisions. After the Civil War, the process remained the same but the racial distinctions stipulating jury eligibility no longer remained. However, as appointments still continued and juror eligibility reserved for those \"entitled to vote and hold office,\" the authority and influence in the hands of white citizens remained throughout the late 19th and early 20th century.","In 1877, an act of the General Assembly changed the number of jurors to six, and by 1926, only the coroner determined cause of death but they could require physicians to assist them with determining cause of death. Then in 1946, the General Assembly abolished the Coroner's office/ office of Coroner's Physician altogether, appointed instead a Chief Medical Examiner, and by 1950 transitioned to a statewide Office of the Chief Medical Examiner which now lives within the Department of Health.","If a criminal act was determined to be the cause of death, the coroner delivered the guilty person to the sheriff and the inquests would be used as evidence in the criminal trial. In this case, coroner's inquisitions were filed with the trial papers. If there was not a trial, coroner's inquisitions were filed separately and are more likely to appear in this collection as a standalone set of documents.","Locality History:  Frederick County was named for Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales and eldest son of George II.  It was formed from Orange County in 1738, but the county government was not organized until 1743.  Part of Augusta County was added later.  Its area is 426 square miles, and the county seat is Winchester.","Frederick County Coroners' Inquisitions were processed and indexed as two separate units. The bulk of the records were processed in 2010 for the purpose of inclusion in Virginia Untold. Therefore, at the time of processing, pre-1865 records related to enslaved and free Black and Multiracial individuals were isolated and indexed or the purposes of digitizing them for the digital project Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative. In March 2025, the remaining pre-1865 and post-1865 inquests were indexed by M. Long.","Encoded by B. Helms, 2011; updated by M. Long, March 2025.","Records related to enslaved and free Black and Multiracial individuals of Frederick County and other localities are available through  Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative   on the Library of Virginia website.","Additional Frederick County court records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Materials in the Library of Virginia's collections contain historical terms, phrases, and images that are offensive to modern readers. These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; religion; sex; and sexual orientation and gender identity.","Coroners' Inquisitions contain graphic and in some cases violent or otherwise disturbing descriptions of death.","Frederick County (Va) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1779-1927, contains investigations into the deaths of individuals who died by a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious manner, or died without medical attendance. Causes of death found in these records include accidental, alcohol, drowning, homicide, injuries, infanticide, medical conditions, natural causes (\"visitation by God\"), and suicide.","Documents commonly found in coroners' inquisitions include the inquisition, depositions, and summons. Some inquisitions contain other documents such as exhibits. Information found in the inquisition include the name of the coroner, the names of the jurors, the name and age of the deceased if known, gender and race of the deceased, and when, how, and by what means the deceased came to his or her death. If the coroner knew the deceased person to be Black or Multiracial, the inquest should identify the person individual's legal status (free or enslaved). If the coroner knew the deceased person to be enslaved, the inquest often includes their name, their enslaver and the enslaver's residence. Information found in the depositions include the name of the deponent(s) and their account of the circumstances that led to the death of the deceased.","There are no restrictions.\n","","Library of Virginia\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":[""],"normalized_title_ssm":["Frederick County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, \n1779-1927"],"collection_title_tesim":["Frederick County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, \n1779-1927"],"collection_ssim":["Frederick County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, \n1779-1927"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Frederick County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Frederick County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court records from Frederick County in an undated accession.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["."],"extent_ssm":[".9 cubic feet (2 boxes)"],"extent_tesim":[".9 cubic feet (2 boxes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDigital images for pre-1866 coroners' inquisitions that involve enslaved and free Black and Multiracial individuals are available on the Virginia Untold: the African American Narrative web site. Please use digital images.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Digital images for pre-1866 coroners' inquisitions that involve enslaved and free Black and Multiracial individuals are available on the Virginia Untold: the African American Narrative web site. Please use digital images.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into the following series:\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries I: Coroners Inquisitions, 1779-1927, chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the local court.\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the local court.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into the following series:\n","Series I: Coroners Inquisitions, 1779-1927, chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the local court.","Chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the local court.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Record Type: \u003c/emph\u003e\nA carry over from the British system, the separate office of coroner appeared in Virginia about 1660. The judicial duty of the office was to hold inquisitions in cases when persons met a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious death, or death without medical attendance. The law did not encourage the Coroner to be a medical professional until the 20th century, and only stipulated that the local court be responsible for the appointment. Although not reliant on profession, this system of affluent white men making the decisions largely ensured that only other white men served in this position for much of its history\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrior to the Civil War, the coroner would summon a jury of twelve white men, usually prominent citizens of that locality, to assist him in determining cause of death. The jury viewed the body of the deceased and heard the testimony of witnesses which did include both white and Black perspectives. This witness testimony was recorded and after seeing and hearing the evidence, and unlike other judicial proceedings, enslaved people could provide depositions in coroner's inquisitions, but still, an all-white jury delivered in writing to the coroner their conclusion concerning cause of death referred to as the inquisition. These causes of death would be determined by a white perspective and Black individuals were only consulted; they were never in a position to make decisions. After the Civil War, the process remained the same but the racial distinctions stipulating jury eligibility no longer remained. However, as appointments still continued and juror eligibility reserved for those \"entitled to vote and hold office,\" the authority and influence in the hands of white citizens remained throughout the late 19th and early 20th century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1877, an act of the General Assembly changed the number of jurors to six, and by 1926, only the coroner determined cause of death but they could require physicians to assist them with determining cause of death. Then in 1946, the General Assembly abolished the Coroner's office/ office of Coroner's Physician altogether, appointed instead a Chief Medical Examiner, and by 1950 transitioned to a statewide Office of the Chief Medical Examiner which now lives within the Department of Health.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIf a criminal act was determined to be the cause of death, the coroner delivered the guilty person to the sheriff and the inquests would be used as evidence in the criminal trial. In this case, coroner's inquisitions were filed with the trial papers. If there was not a trial, coroner's inquisitions were filed separately and are more likely to appear in this collection as a standalone set of documents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History:\u003c/emph\u003e Frederick County was named for Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales and eldest son of George II.  It was formed from Orange County in 1738, but the county government was not organized until 1743.  Part of Augusta County was added later.  Its area is 426 square miles, and the county seat is Winchester.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Record Type:  \nA carry over from the British system, the separate office of coroner appeared in Virginia about 1660. The judicial duty of the office was to hold inquisitions in cases when persons met a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious death, or death without medical attendance. The law did not encourage the Coroner to be a medical professional until the 20th century, and only stipulated that the local court be responsible for the appointment. Although not reliant on profession, this system of affluent white men making the decisions largely ensured that only other white men served in this position for much of its history\n","Prior to the Civil War, the coroner would summon a jury of twelve white men, usually prominent citizens of that locality, to assist him in determining cause of death. The jury viewed the body of the deceased and heard the testimony of witnesses which did include both white and Black perspectives. This witness testimony was recorded and after seeing and hearing the evidence, and unlike other judicial proceedings, enslaved people could provide depositions in coroner's inquisitions, but still, an all-white jury delivered in writing to the coroner their conclusion concerning cause of death referred to as the inquisition. These causes of death would be determined by a white perspective and Black individuals were only consulted; they were never in a position to make decisions. After the Civil War, the process remained the same but the racial distinctions stipulating jury eligibility no longer remained. However, as appointments still continued and juror eligibility reserved for those \"entitled to vote and hold office,\" the authority and influence in the hands of white citizens remained throughout the late 19th and early 20th century.","In 1877, an act of the General Assembly changed the number of jurors to six, and by 1926, only the coroner determined cause of death but they could require physicians to assist them with determining cause of death. Then in 1946, the General Assembly abolished the Coroner's office/ office of Coroner's Physician altogether, appointed instead a Chief Medical Examiner, and by 1950 transitioned to a statewide Office of the Chief Medical Examiner which now lives within the Department of Health.","If a criminal act was determined to be the cause of death, the coroner delivered the guilty person to the sheriff and the inquests would be used as evidence in the criminal trial. In this case, coroner's inquisitions were filed with the trial papers. If there was not a trial, coroner's inquisitions were filed separately and are more likely to appear in this collection as a standalone set of documents.","Locality History:  Frederick County was named for Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales and eldest son of George II.  It was formed from Orange County in 1738, but the county government was not organized until 1743.  Part of Augusta County was added later.  Its area is 426 square miles, and the county seat is Winchester."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrederick County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1779-1927. Local government records collection, Frederick County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, VA 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Frederick County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1779-1927. Local government records collection, Frederick County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, VA 23219.\n"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrederick County Coroners' Inquisitions were processed and indexed as two separate units. The bulk of the records were processed in 2010 for the purpose of inclusion in Virginia Untold. Therefore, at the time of processing, pre-1865 records related to enslaved and free Black and Multiracial individuals were isolated and indexed or the purposes of digitizing them for the digital project Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative. In March 2025, the remaining pre-1865 and post-1865 inquests were indexed by M. Long.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEncoded by B. Helms, 2011; updated by M. Long, March 2025.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information\n"],"processinfo_tesim":["Frederick County Coroners' Inquisitions were processed and indexed as two separate units. The bulk of the records were processed in 2010 for the purpose of inclusion in Virginia Untold. Therefore, at the time of processing, pre-1865 records related to enslaved and free Black and Multiracial individuals were isolated and indexed or the purposes of digitizing them for the digital project Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative. In March 2025, the remaining pre-1865 and post-1865 inquests were indexed by M. Long.","Encoded by B. Helms, 2011; updated by M. Long, March 2025."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecords related to enslaved and free Black and Multiracial individuals of Frederick County and other localities are available through \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/aan\"\u003eVirginia Untold: The African American Narrative \u003c/extref\u003e on the Library of Virginia website.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional Frederick County court records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA131\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Records related to enslaved and free Black and Multiracial individuals of Frederick County and other localities are available through  Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative   on the Library of Virginia website.","Additional Frederick County court records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\""],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eMaterials in the Library of Virginia's collections contain historical terms, phrases, and images that are offensive to modern readers. These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; religion; sex; and sexual orientation and gender identity.\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eCoroners' Inquisitions contain graphic and in some cases violent or otherwise disturbing descriptions of death.\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrederick County (Va) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1779-1927, contains investigations into the deaths of individuals who died by a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious manner, or died without medical attendance. Causes of death found in these records include accidental, alcohol, drowning, homicide, injuries, infanticide, medical conditions, natural causes (\"visitation by God\"), and suicide.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocuments commonly found in coroners' inquisitions include the inquisition, depositions, and summons. Some inquisitions contain other documents such as exhibits. Information found in the inquisition include the name of the coroner, the names of the jurors, the name and age of the deceased if known, gender and race of the deceased, and when, how, and by what means the deceased came to his or her death. If the coroner knew the deceased person to be Black or Multiracial, the inquest should identify the person individual's legal status (free or enslaved). If the coroner knew the deceased person to be enslaved, the inquest often includes their name, their enslaver and the enslaver's residence. Information found in the depositions include the name of the deponent(s) and their account of the circumstances that led to the death of the deceased.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Materials in the Library of Virginia's collections contain historical terms, phrases, and images that are offensive to modern readers. These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; religion; sex; and sexual orientation and gender identity.","Coroners' Inquisitions contain graphic and in some cases violent or otherwise disturbing descriptions of death.","Frederick County (Va) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1779-1927, contains investigations into the deaths of individuals who died by a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious manner, or died without medical attendance. Causes of death found in these records include accidental, alcohol, drowning, homicide, injuries, infanticide, medical conditions, natural causes (\"visitation by God\"), and suicide.","Documents commonly found in coroners' inquisitions include the inquisition, depositions, and summons. Some inquisitions contain other documents such as exhibits. Information found in the inquisition include the name of the coroner, the names of the jurors, the name and age of the deceased if known, gender and race of the deceased, and when, how, and by what means the deceased came to his or her death. If the coroner knew the deceased person to be Black or Multiracial, the inquest should identify the person individual's legal status (free or enslaved). If the coroner knew the deceased person to be enslaved, the inquest often includes their name, their enslaver and the enslaver's residence. Information found in the depositions include the name of the deponent(s) and their account of the circumstances that led to the death of the deceased."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003e\n\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":[""],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":3,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:49:43.561Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi03354","ead_ssi":"vi_vi03354","_root_":"vi_vi03354","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi03354","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi03354.xml","title_ssm":["Frederick County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, \n1779-1927"],"title_tesim":["Frederick County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, \n1779-1927"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":[""],"text":["","Frederick County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, \n1779-1927",".","Digital images for pre-1866 coroners' inquisitions that involve enslaved and free Black and Multiracial individuals are available on the Virginia Untold: the African American Narrative web site. Please use digital images.\n","This collection is arranged into the following series:\n","Series I: Coroners Inquisitions, 1779-1927, chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the local court.","Chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the local court.\n","Context for Record Type:  \nA carry over from the British system, the separate office of coroner appeared in Virginia about 1660. The judicial duty of the office was to hold inquisitions in cases when persons met a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious death, or death without medical attendance. The law did not encourage the Coroner to be a medical professional until the 20th century, and only stipulated that the local court be responsible for the appointment. Although not reliant on profession, this system of affluent white men making the decisions largely ensured that only other white men served in this position for much of its history\n","Prior to the Civil War, the coroner would summon a jury of twelve white men, usually prominent citizens of that locality, to assist him in determining cause of death. The jury viewed the body of the deceased and heard the testimony of witnesses which did include both white and Black perspectives. This witness testimony was recorded and after seeing and hearing the evidence, and unlike other judicial proceedings, enslaved people could provide depositions in coroner's inquisitions, but still, an all-white jury delivered in writing to the coroner their conclusion concerning cause of death referred to as the inquisition. These causes of death would be determined by a white perspective and Black individuals were only consulted; they were never in a position to make decisions. After the Civil War, the process remained the same but the racial distinctions stipulating jury eligibility no longer remained. However, as appointments still continued and juror eligibility reserved for those \"entitled to vote and hold office,\" the authority and influence in the hands of white citizens remained throughout the late 19th and early 20th century.","In 1877, an act of the General Assembly changed the number of jurors to six, and by 1926, only the coroner determined cause of death but they could require physicians to assist them with determining cause of death. Then in 1946, the General Assembly abolished the Coroner's office/ office of Coroner's Physician altogether, appointed instead a Chief Medical Examiner, and by 1950 transitioned to a statewide Office of the Chief Medical Examiner which now lives within the Department of Health.","If a criminal act was determined to be the cause of death, the coroner delivered the guilty person to the sheriff and the inquests would be used as evidence in the criminal trial. In this case, coroner's inquisitions were filed with the trial papers. If there was not a trial, coroner's inquisitions were filed separately and are more likely to appear in this collection as a standalone set of documents.","Locality History:  Frederick County was named for Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales and eldest son of George II.  It was formed from Orange County in 1738, but the county government was not organized until 1743.  Part of Augusta County was added later.  Its area is 426 square miles, and the county seat is Winchester.","Frederick County Coroners' Inquisitions were processed and indexed as two separate units. The bulk of the records were processed in 2010 for the purpose of inclusion in Virginia Untold. Therefore, at the time of processing, pre-1865 records related to enslaved and free Black and Multiracial individuals were isolated and indexed or the purposes of digitizing them for the digital project Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative. In March 2025, the remaining pre-1865 and post-1865 inquests were indexed by M. Long.","Encoded by B. Helms, 2011; updated by M. Long, March 2025.","Records related to enslaved and free Black and Multiracial individuals of Frederick County and other localities are available through  Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative   on the Library of Virginia website.","Additional Frederick County court records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Materials in the Library of Virginia's collections contain historical terms, phrases, and images that are offensive to modern readers. These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; religion; sex; and sexual orientation and gender identity.","Coroners' Inquisitions contain graphic and in some cases violent or otherwise disturbing descriptions of death.","Frederick County (Va) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1779-1927, contains investigations into the deaths of individuals who died by a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious manner, or died without medical attendance. Causes of death found in these records include accidental, alcohol, drowning, homicide, injuries, infanticide, medical conditions, natural causes (\"visitation by God\"), and suicide.","Documents commonly found in coroners' inquisitions include the inquisition, depositions, and summons. Some inquisitions contain other documents such as exhibits. Information found in the inquisition include the name of the coroner, the names of the jurors, the name and age of the deceased if known, gender and race of the deceased, and when, how, and by what means the deceased came to his or her death. If the coroner knew the deceased person to be Black or Multiracial, the inquest should identify the person individual's legal status (free or enslaved). If the coroner knew the deceased person to be enslaved, the inquest often includes their name, their enslaver and the enslaver's residence. Information found in the depositions include the name of the deponent(s) and their account of the circumstances that led to the death of the deceased.","There are no restrictions.\n","","Library of Virginia\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":[""],"normalized_title_ssm":["Frederick County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, \n1779-1927"],"collection_title_tesim":["Frederick County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, \n1779-1927"],"collection_ssim":["Frederick County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, \n1779-1927"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Frederick County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Frederick County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court records from Frederick County in an undated accession.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["."],"extent_ssm":[".9 cubic feet (2 boxes)"],"extent_tesim":[".9 cubic feet (2 boxes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDigital images for pre-1866 coroners' inquisitions that involve enslaved and free Black and Multiracial individuals are available on the Virginia Untold: the African American Narrative web site. Please use digital images.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Digital images for pre-1866 coroners' inquisitions that involve enslaved and free Black and Multiracial individuals are available on the Virginia Untold: the African American Narrative web site. Please use digital images.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into the following series:\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries I: Coroners Inquisitions, 1779-1927, chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the local court.\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the local court.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into the following series:\n","Series I: Coroners Inquisitions, 1779-1927, chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the local court.","Chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the local court.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Record Type: \u003c/emph\u003e\nA carry over from the British system, the separate office of coroner appeared in Virginia about 1660. The judicial duty of the office was to hold inquisitions in cases when persons met a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious death, or death without medical attendance. The law did not encourage the Coroner to be a medical professional until the 20th century, and only stipulated that the local court be responsible for the appointment. Although not reliant on profession, this system of affluent white men making the decisions largely ensured that only other white men served in this position for much of its history\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrior to the Civil War, the coroner would summon a jury of twelve white men, usually prominent citizens of that locality, to assist him in determining cause of death. The jury viewed the body of the deceased and heard the testimony of witnesses which did include both white and Black perspectives. This witness testimony was recorded and after seeing and hearing the evidence, and unlike other judicial proceedings, enslaved people could provide depositions in coroner's inquisitions, but still, an all-white jury delivered in writing to the coroner their conclusion concerning cause of death referred to as the inquisition. These causes of death would be determined by a white perspective and Black individuals were only consulted; they were never in a position to make decisions. After the Civil War, the process remained the same but the racial distinctions stipulating jury eligibility no longer remained. However, as appointments still continued and juror eligibility reserved for those \"entitled to vote and hold office,\" the authority and influence in the hands of white citizens remained throughout the late 19th and early 20th century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1877, an act of the General Assembly changed the number of jurors to six, and by 1926, only the coroner determined cause of death but they could require physicians to assist them with determining cause of death. Then in 1946, the General Assembly abolished the Coroner's office/ office of Coroner's Physician altogether, appointed instead a Chief Medical Examiner, and by 1950 transitioned to a statewide Office of the Chief Medical Examiner which now lives within the Department of Health.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIf a criminal act was determined to be the cause of death, the coroner delivered the guilty person to the sheriff and the inquests would be used as evidence in the criminal trial. In this case, coroner's inquisitions were filed with the trial papers. If there was not a trial, coroner's inquisitions were filed separately and are more likely to appear in this collection as a standalone set of documents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History:\u003c/emph\u003e Frederick County was named for Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales and eldest son of George II.  It was formed from Orange County in 1738, but the county government was not organized until 1743.  Part of Augusta County was added later.  Its area is 426 square miles, and the county seat is Winchester.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Record Type:  \nA carry over from the British system, the separate office of coroner appeared in Virginia about 1660. The judicial duty of the office was to hold inquisitions in cases when persons met a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious death, or death without medical attendance. The law did not encourage the Coroner to be a medical professional until the 20th century, and only stipulated that the local court be responsible for the appointment. Although not reliant on profession, this system of affluent white men making the decisions largely ensured that only other white men served in this position for much of its history\n","Prior to the Civil War, the coroner would summon a jury of twelve white men, usually prominent citizens of that locality, to assist him in determining cause of death. The jury viewed the body of the deceased and heard the testimony of witnesses which did include both white and Black perspectives. This witness testimony was recorded and after seeing and hearing the evidence, and unlike other judicial proceedings, enslaved people could provide depositions in coroner's inquisitions, but still, an all-white jury delivered in writing to the coroner their conclusion concerning cause of death referred to as the inquisition. These causes of death would be determined by a white perspective and Black individuals were only consulted; they were never in a position to make decisions. After the Civil War, the process remained the same but the racial distinctions stipulating jury eligibility no longer remained. However, as appointments still continued and juror eligibility reserved for those \"entitled to vote and hold office,\" the authority and influence in the hands of white citizens remained throughout the late 19th and early 20th century.","In 1877, an act of the General Assembly changed the number of jurors to six, and by 1926, only the coroner determined cause of death but they could require physicians to assist them with determining cause of death. Then in 1946, the General Assembly abolished the Coroner's office/ office of Coroner's Physician altogether, appointed instead a Chief Medical Examiner, and by 1950 transitioned to a statewide Office of the Chief Medical Examiner which now lives within the Department of Health.","If a criminal act was determined to be the cause of death, the coroner delivered the guilty person to the sheriff and the inquests would be used as evidence in the criminal trial. In this case, coroner's inquisitions were filed with the trial papers. If there was not a trial, coroner's inquisitions were filed separately and are more likely to appear in this collection as a standalone set of documents.","Locality History:  Frederick County was named for Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales and eldest son of George II.  It was formed from Orange County in 1738, but the county government was not organized until 1743.  Part of Augusta County was added later.  Its area is 426 square miles, and the county seat is Winchester."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrederick County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1779-1927. Local government records collection, Frederick County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, VA 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Frederick County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1779-1927. Local government records collection, Frederick County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, VA 23219.\n"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrederick County Coroners' Inquisitions were processed and indexed as two separate units. The bulk of the records were processed in 2010 for the purpose of inclusion in Virginia Untold. Therefore, at the time of processing, pre-1865 records related to enslaved and free Black and Multiracial individuals were isolated and indexed or the purposes of digitizing them for the digital project Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative. In March 2025, the remaining pre-1865 and post-1865 inquests were indexed by M. Long.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEncoded by B. Helms, 2011; updated by M. Long, March 2025.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information\n"],"processinfo_tesim":["Frederick County Coroners' Inquisitions were processed and indexed as two separate units. The bulk of the records were processed in 2010 for the purpose of inclusion in Virginia Untold. Therefore, at the time of processing, pre-1865 records related to enslaved and free Black and Multiracial individuals were isolated and indexed or the purposes of digitizing them for the digital project Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative. In March 2025, the remaining pre-1865 and post-1865 inquests were indexed by M. Long.","Encoded by B. Helms, 2011; updated by M. Long, March 2025."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecords related to enslaved and free Black and Multiracial individuals of Frederick County and other localities are available through \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/aan\"\u003eVirginia Untold: The African American Narrative \u003c/extref\u003e on the Library of Virginia website.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional Frederick County court records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA131\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Records related to enslaved and free Black and Multiracial individuals of Frederick County and other localities are available through  Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative   on the Library of Virginia website.","Additional Frederick County court records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\""],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eMaterials in the Library of Virginia's collections contain historical terms, phrases, and images that are offensive to modern readers. These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; religion; sex; and sexual orientation and gender identity.\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eCoroners' Inquisitions contain graphic and in some cases violent or otherwise disturbing descriptions of death.\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrederick County (Va) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1779-1927, contains investigations into the deaths of individuals who died by a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious manner, or died without medical attendance. Causes of death found in these records include accidental, alcohol, drowning, homicide, injuries, infanticide, medical conditions, natural causes (\"visitation by God\"), and suicide.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocuments commonly found in coroners' inquisitions include the inquisition, depositions, and summons. Some inquisitions contain other documents such as exhibits. Information found in the inquisition include the name of the coroner, the names of the jurors, the name and age of the deceased if known, gender and race of the deceased, and when, how, and by what means the deceased came to his or her death. If the coroner knew the deceased person to be Black or Multiracial, the inquest should identify the person individual's legal status (free or enslaved). If the coroner knew the deceased person to be enslaved, the inquest often includes their name, their enslaver and the enslaver's residence. Information found in the depositions include the name of the deponent(s) and their account of the circumstances that led to the death of the deceased.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Materials in the Library of Virginia's collections contain historical terms, phrases, and images that are offensive to modern readers. These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; religion; sex; and sexual orientation and gender identity.","Coroners' Inquisitions contain graphic and in some cases violent or otherwise disturbing descriptions of death.","Frederick County (Va) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1779-1927, contains investigations into the deaths of individuals who died by a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious manner, or died without medical attendance. Causes of death found in these records include accidental, alcohol, drowning, homicide, injuries, infanticide, medical conditions, natural causes (\"visitation by God\"), and suicide.","Documents commonly found in coroners' inquisitions include the inquisition, depositions, and summons. Some inquisitions contain other documents such as exhibits. Information found in the inquisition include the name of the coroner, the names of the jurors, the name and age of the deceased if known, gender and race of the deceased, and when, how, and by what means the deceased came to his or her death. If the coroner knew the deceased person to be Black or Multiracial, the inquest should identify the person individual's legal status (free or enslaved). If the coroner knew the deceased person to be enslaved, the inquest often includes their name, their enslaver and the enslaver's residence. Information found in the depositions include the name of the deponent(s) and their account of the circumstances that led to the death of the deceased."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003e\n\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":[""],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":3,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:49:43.561Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03354"}},{"id":"vi_vi02352","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Frederick County (Va.) Court Record,  \n1854","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02352#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Frederick County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02352#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eFrederick County (Va.) Court Record, 1854. The collection contains an envelope addressed to George Bowman, Strasburg, Virginia. The envelope was removed from an unknown series of Frederick County court records. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02352#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi02352","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02352","_root_":"vi_vi02352","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02352","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi02352.xml","title_ssm":["Frederick County (Va.) Court Record,  \n1854"],"title_tesim":["Frederick County (Va.) Court Record,  \n1854"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1177667\n"],"text":["1177667\n","Frederick County (Va.) Court Record,  \n1854","Replevin--Virginia.","Envelopes--Virginia--Frederick  County.","Judicial records--Virginia--Frederick  County.","Local government records--Virginia--Frederick County.","1 p.","There are no restrictions.\n","Frederick County was named in honor of Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales and eldest son of George II. It was formed from Orange County in 1738, but, because the region was sparsely settled, county government was not organized until 1743. Part of Augusta County was added later.","This record was replevined by the Library of Virginia following the trial entitled Commonwealth of Virginia vs. Larry I. Vass heard in Henrico County Circuit Court in November 1972.\n","For additional information concerning the replevin of these items see Larry I. Vass Case records, 1781-1973, found at the Library of Virginia.","Additional Frederick County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  and  The Chancery Records Index . \n","Frederick County (Va.) Court Record, 1854. The collection contains an envelope addressed to George Bowman, Strasburg, Virginia. The envelope was removed from an unknown series of Frederick County court records.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","Library of Virginia\n","Frederick County (Va.) Circuit Court.","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1177667\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Frederick County (Va.) Court Record,  \n1854"],"collection_title_tesim":["Frederick County (Va.) Court Record,  \n1854"],"collection_ssim":["Frederick County (Va.) Court Record,  \n1854"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Frederick County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Frederick County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This item came to the Library of Virginia in 2004 in a transfer. \n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Replevin--Virginia.","Envelopes--Virginia--Frederick  County.","Judicial records--Virginia--Frederick  County.","Local government records--Virginia--Frederick County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Replevin--Virginia.","Envelopes--Virginia--Frederick  County.","Judicial records--Virginia--Frederick  County.","Local government records--Virginia--Frederick County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["1 p."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrederick County was named in honor of Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales and eldest son of George II. It was formed from Orange County in 1738, but, because the region was sparsely settled, county government was not organized until 1743. Part of Augusta County was added later.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis record was replevined by the Library of Virginia following the trial entitled Commonwealth of Virginia vs. Larry I. Vass heard in Henrico County Circuit Court in November 1972.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Frederick County was named in honor of Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales and eldest son of George II. It was formed from Orange County in 1738, but, because the region was sparsely settled, county government was not organized until 1743. Part of Augusta County was added later.","This record was replevined by the Library of Virginia following the trial entitled Commonwealth of Virginia vs. Larry I. Vass heard in Henrico County Circuit Court in November 1972.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrederick County (Va.) Court Record, 1854. Local government records collection, Local Government Records Replevin Collection. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Frederick County (Va.) Court Record, 1854. Local government records collection, Local Government Records Replevin Collection. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFor additional information concerning the replevin of these items see Larry I. Vass Case records, 1781-1973, found at the Library of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional Frederick County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA095\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"\u003c/extref\u003e and \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.lib.va.us/whatwehave/local/chancery/index.htm\"\u003eThe Chancery Records Index\u003c/extref\u003e. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["For additional information concerning the replevin of these items see Larry I. Vass Case records, 1781-1973, found at the Library of Virginia.","Additional Frederick County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  and  The Chancery Records Index . \n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrederick County (Va.) Court Record, 1854. The collection contains an envelope addressed to George Bowman, Strasburg, Virginia. The envelope was removed from an unknown series of Frederick County court records.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Frederick County (Va.) Court Record, 1854. The collection contains an envelope addressed to George Bowman, Strasburg, Virginia. The envelope was removed from an unknown series of Frederick County court records.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Frederick County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"corpname_ssim":["Frederick County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T09:24:30.781Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi02352","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02352","_root_":"vi_vi02352","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02352","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi02352.xml","title_ssm":["Frederick County (Va.) Court Record,  \n1854"],"title_tesim":["Frederick County (Va.) Court Record,  \n1854"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1177667\n"],"text":["1177667\n","Frederick County (Va.) Court Record,  \n1854","Replevin--Virginia.","Envelopes--Virginia--Frederick  County.","Judicial records--Virginia--Frederick  County.","Local government records--Virginia--Frederick County.","1 p.","There are no restrictions.\n","Frederick County was named in honor of Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales and eldest son of George II. It was formed from Orange County in 1738, but, because the region was sparsely settled, county government was not organized until 1743. Part of Augusta County was added later.","This record was replevined by the Library of Virginia following the trial entitled Commonwealth of Virginia vs. Larry I. Vass heard in Henrico County Circuit Court in November 1972.\n","For additional information concerning the replevin of these items see Larry I. Vass Case records, 1781-1973, found at the Library of Virginia.","Additional Frederick County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  and  The Chancery Records Index . \n","Frederick County (Va.) Court Record, 1854. The collection contains an envelope addressed to George Bowman, Strasburg, Virginia. The envelope was removed from an unknown series of Frederick County court records.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","Library of Virginia\n","Frederick County (Va.) Circuit Court.","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1177667\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Frederick County (Va.) Court Record,  \n1854"],"collection_title_tesim":["Frederick County (Va.) Court Record,  \n1854"],"collection_ssim":["Frederick County (Va.) Court Record,  \n1854"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Frederick County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Frederick County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This item came to the Library of Virginia in 2004 in a transfer. \n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Replevin--Virginia.","Envelopes--Virginia--Frederick  County.","Judicial records--Virginia--Frederick  County.","Local government records--Virginia--Frederick County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Replevin--Virginia.","Envelopes--Virginia--Frederick  County.","Judicial records--Virginia--Frederick  County.","Local government records--Virginia--Frederick County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["1 p."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrederick County was named in honor of Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales and eldest son of George II. It was formed from Orange County in 1738, but, because the region was sparsely settled, county government was not organized until 1743. Part of Augusta County was added later.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis record was replevined by the Library of Virginia following the trial entitled Commonwealth of Virginia vs. Larry I. Vass heard in Henrico County Circuit Court in November 1972.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Frederick County was named in honor of Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales and eldest son of George II. It was formed from Orange County in 1738, but, because the region was sparsely settled, county government was not organized until 1743. Part of Augusta County was added later.","This record was replevined by the Library of Virginia following the trial entitled Commonwealth of Virginia vs. Larry I. Vass heard in Henrico County Circuit Court in November 1972.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrederick County (Va.) Court Record, 1854. Local government records collection, Local Government Records Replevin Collection. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Frederick County (Va.) Court Record, 1854. Local government records collection, Local Government Records Replevin Collection. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFor additional information concerning the replevin of these items see Larry I. Vass Case records, 1781-1973, found at the Library of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional Frederick County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA095\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"\u003c/extref\u003e and \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.lib.va.us/whatwehave/local/chancery/index.htm\"\u003eThe Chancery Records Index\u003c/extref\u003e. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["For additional information concerning the replevin of these items see Larry I. Vass Case records, 1781-1973, found at the Library of Virginia.","Additional Frederick County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  and  The Chancery Records Index . \n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrederick County (Va.) Court Record, 1854. The collection contains an envelope addressed to George Bowman, Strasburg, Virginia. The envelope was removed from an unknown series of Frederick County court records.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Frederick County (Va.) Court Record, 1854. The collection contains an envelope addressed to George Bowman, Strasburg, Virginia. The envelope was removed from an unknown series of Frederick County court records.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Frederick County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"corpname_ssim":["Frederick County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T09:24:30.781Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02352"}},{"id":"vi_vi03950","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Frederick County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, \n1820-1835","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03950#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Frederick County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03950#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eFrederick County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, 1820-1835, primarily record the declarations of individuals seeking to obtain Revolutionary War pensions provided by various acts of Congress. The applicants present detailed testimony of their time of service during the Revolutionary War. Information found in the declarations include date and location applicants entered into service, names of military companies they served in, names of military commanders they served under, names of fellow soldiers they served with, length of service, their age, and their place of birth. The predominant portion of the declarations are narratives of their tours of duty during the Revolutionary War with emphasis on battles they fought. The declarations also include affidavits from witnesses who could verify information provided by applicants. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03950#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi03950","ead_ssi":"vi_vi03950","_root_":"vi_vi03950","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi03950","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi03950.xml","title_ssm":["Frederick County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, \n1820-1835"],"title_tesim":["Frederick County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, \n1820-1835"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Frederick County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, \n1820-1835"],"text":["Frederick County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, \n1820-1835","There are no restrictions.\n","This collection is arranged into the following series:\n","Series I: Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, 1820-1835,  arranged chronologically.","Arranged chronologically.\n","Context for Record Type:  In 1818, Congress passed the first of three major Revolutionary War pension acts. The act granted lifetime pensions to all men who had served as regular army soldiers in the Continental Line and who could demonstrate financial need. Prior to the passage of this act, pensions had been restricted to former soldiers who were no longer able to support themselves due to injuries sustained while in service. The second act, passed by Congress in 1820, required applicants to provide more concrete evidence of this financial need in the form of a certified inventory of his property and income. They also had to include an account of all members of the applicant's family, including their health and ability to contribute to household income. In 1832, the third act extended pension benefits to include soldiers who had served in the state troops or militia. Congress also passed a related act in 1836 granting pensions to the widows and orphans of Revolutionary War veterans.\n","Locality History:   Frederick County was was named in honor of Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales and eldest son of King George II. It was formed from Orange County by a statute of 1738 that stipulated that when the population was large enough the new county government would begin to function. The county court first met on 11 November 1743. Part of Augusta County was added in 1754. The county seat is the city of Winchester. ","Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, 1820-1835, were removed from the Frederick County Court papers and processed by Library of Virginia staff with other Frederick County military and pension records. Declarations filed by former soldiers rather than their widows and heirs, ranging from 1820 to 1835, were reprocessed and indexed as a distinct unit by M. Long.\n","Encoded by G. Crawford: October 2013; updated by M. Long: May 2024.\n","See also the  Frederick County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, 1805-1907; undated  at the Library of Virginia.","Additional Frederick County Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia. Consult   \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Frederick County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, 1820-1835, primarily record the declarations of individuals seeking to obtain Revolutionary War pensions provided by various acts of Congress. The applicants present detailed testimony of their time of service during the Revolutionary War. Information found in the declarations include date and location applicants entered into service, names of military companies they served in, names of military commanders they served under, names of fellow soldiers they served with, length of service, their age, and their place of birth. The predominant portion of the declarations are narratives of their tours of duty during the Revolutionary War with emphasis on battles they fought. The declarations also include affidavits from witnesses who could verify information provided by applicants.\n","Applicants in this series reported to have served in various Virginia military units, including the 1st Virginia Regiment, Cavalry; 3rd Virginia Regiment; 4th Virginia Regiment; 7th Virginia Regiment; 8th Virginia Regiment; Virginia Rifle Company; Virginia Light Dragoons; and the Virginia Continental Line and Virginia militia generally.","Applicants also reported serving in many units outside of Virginia, including the 2nd Maryland Regiment; 2nd North Carolina Regiment; 4th Pennsylvania Regiment; 1st South Carolina Regiment, Grenadier Company; Connecticut Continental Line; Massachusetts Continental Line; Pennsylvania Continental Line; Pennsylvania militia; New Jersey militia; and the French Army in the American service.","Applicants also gave accounts of being present during several military engagements, including Battle of Brandywine, Battle of Camden, Battle of Eutaw Springs, Battle of Fort Moultrie, Battle of Germantown, Battle of Guilford Courthouse, Battle of Great Bridge, Battle of Long Island, Battle of Monmouth, Battle of Paolie, Battle of Stony Point, Siege of Charleston, Siege of Norfolk, Siege of Savannah, and Siege of Ninety-Six.","There are no restrictions.\n","Library of Virginia\n","English\n"],"collection_title_tesim":["Frederick County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, \n1820-1835"],"collection_ssim":["Frederick County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, \n1820-1835"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Frederick County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Frederick County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Frederick County.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".15 cu. ft. (1 box)"],"extent_tesim":[".15 cu. ft. (1 box)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into the following series:\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries I: Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, 1820-1835,\u003c/emph\u003e arranged chronologically.\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged chronologically.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into the following series:\n","Series I: Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, 1820-1835,  arranged chronologically.","Arranged chronologically.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Record Type:\u003c/title\u003e In 1818, Congress passed the first of three major Revolutionary War pension acts. The act granted lifetime pensions to all men who had served as regular army soldiers in the Continental Line and who could demonstrate financial need. Prior to the passage of this act, pensions had been restricted to former soldiers who were no longer able to support themselves due to injuries sustained while in service. The second act, passed by Congress in 1820, required applicants to provide more concrete evidence of this financial need in the form of a certified inventory of his property and income. They also had to include an account of all members of the applicant's family, including their health and ability to contribute to household income. In 1832, the third act extended pension benefits to include soldiers who had served in the state troops or militia. Congress also passed a related act in 1836 granting pensions to the widows and orphans of Revolutionary War veterans.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History:  \u003c/title\u003eFrederick County was was named in honor of Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales and eldest son of King George II. It was formed from Orange County by a statute of 1738 that stipulated that when the population was large enough the new county government would begin to function. The county court first met on 11 November 1743. Part of Augusta County was added in 1754. The county seat is the city of Winchester. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Record Type:  In 1818, Congress passed the first of three major Revolutionary War pension acts. The act granted lifetime pensions to all men who had served as regular army soldiers in the Continental Line and who could demonstrate financial need. Prior to the passage of this act, pensions had been restricted to former soldiers who were no longer able to support themselves due to injuries sustained while in service. The second act, passed by Congress in 1820, required applicants to provide more concrete evidence of this financial need in the form of a certified inventory of his property and income. They also had to include an account of all members of the applicant's family, including their health and ability to contribute to household income. In 1832, the third act extended pension benefits to include soldiers who had served in the state troops or militia. Congress also passed a related act in 1836 granting pensions to the widows and orphans of Revolutionary War veterans.\n","Locality History:   Frederick County was was named in honor of Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales and eldest son of King George II. It was formed from Orange County by a statute of 1738 that stipulated that when the population was large enough the new county government would begin to function. The county court first met on 11 November 1743. Part of Augusta County was added in 1754. The county seat is the city of Winchester. "],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrederick County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, 1820-1835. Local government records collection, Frederick County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia, 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Frederick County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, 1820-1835. Local government records collection, Frederick County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia, 23219.\n"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDeclarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, 1820-1835, were removed from the Frederick County Court papers and processed by Library of Virginia staff with other Frederick County military and pension records. Declarations filed by former soldiers rather than their widows and heirs, ranging from 1820 to 1835, were reprocessed and indexed as a distinct unit by M. Long.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEncoded by G. Crawford: October 2013; updated by M. Long: May 2024.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information\n"],"processinfo_tesim":["Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, 1820-1835, were removed from the Frederick County Court papers and processed by Library of Virginia staff with other Frederick County military and pension records. Declarations filed by former soldiers rather than their widows and heirs, ranging from 1820 to 1835, were reprocessed and indexed as a distinct unit by M. Long.\n","Encoded by G. Crawford: October 2013; updated by M. Long: May 2024.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee also the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi06414.xml\"\u003eFrederick County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, 1805-1907; undated\u003c/extref\u003e at the Library of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional Frederick County Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia. Consult  \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.lib.va.us/whatwehave/local/local_rec/index.htm\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See also the  Frederick County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, 1805-1907; undated  at the Library of Virginia.","Additional Frederick County Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia. Consult   \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\""],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrederick County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, 1820-1835, primarily record the declarations of individuals seeking to obtain Revolutionary War pensions provided by various acts of Congress. The applicants present detailed testimony of their time of service during the Revolutionary War. Information found in the declarations include date and location applicants entered into service, names of military companies they served in, names of military commanders they served under, names of fellow soldiers they served with, length of service, their age, and their place of birth. The predominant portion of the declarations are narratives of their tours of duty during the Revolutionary War with emphasis on battles they fought. The declarations also include affidavits from witnesses who could verify information provided by applicants.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApplicants in this series reported to have served in various Virginia military units, including the 1st Virginia Regiment, Cavalry; 3rd Virginia Regiment; 4th Virginia Regiment; 7th Virginia Regiment; 8th Virginia Regiment; Virginia Rifle Company; Virginia Light Dragoons; and the Virginia Continental Line and Virginia militia generally.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApplicants also reported serving in many units outside of Virginia, including the 2nd Maryland Regiment; 2nd North Carolina Regiment; 4th Pennsylvania Regiment; 1st South Carolina Regiment, Grenadier Company; Connecticut Continental Line; Massachusetts Continental Line; Pennsylvania Continental Line; Pennsylvania militia; New Jersey militia; and the French Army in the American service.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApplicants also gave accounts of being present during several military engagements, including Battle of Brandywine, Battle of Camden, Battle of Eutaw Springs, Battle of Fort Moultrie, Battle of Germantown, Battle of Guilford Courthouse, Battle of Great Bridge, Battle of Long Island, Battle of Monmouth, Battle of Paolie, Battle of Stony Point, Siege of Charleston, Siege of Norfolk, Siege of Savannah, and Siege of Ninety-Six.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Frederick County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, 1820-1835, primarily record the declarations of individuals seeking to obtain Revolutionary War pensions provided by various acts of Congress. The applicants present detailed testimony of their time of service during the Revolutionary War. Information found in the declarations include date and location applicants entered into service, names of military companies they served in, names of military commanders they served under, names of fellow soldiers they served with, length of service, their age, and their place of birth. The predominant portion of the declarations are narratives of their tours of duty during the Revolutionary War with emphasis on battles they fought. The declarations also include affidavits from witnesses who could verify information provided by applicants.\n","Applicants in this series reported to have served in various Virginia military units, including the 1st Virginia Regiment, Cavalry; 3rd Virginia Regiment; 4th Virginia Regiment; 7th Virginia Regiment; 8th Virginia Regiment; Virginia Rifle Company; Virginia Light Dragoons; and the Virginia Continental Line and Virginia militia generally.","Applicants also reported serving in many units outside of Virginia, including the 2nd Maryland Regiment; 2nd North Carolina Regiment; 4th Pennsylvania Regiment; 1st South Carolina Regiment, Grenadier Company; Connecticut Continental Line; Massachusetts Continental Line; Pennsylvania Continental Line; Pennsylvania militia; New Jersey militia; and the French Army in the American service.","Applicants also gave accounts of being present during several military engagements, including Battle of Brandywine, Battle of Camden, Battle of Eutaw Springs, Battle of Fort Moultrie, Battle of Germantown, Battle of Guilford Courthouse, Battle of Great Bridge, Battle of Long Island, Battle of Monmouth, Battle of Paolie, Battle of Stony Point, Siege of Charleston, Siege of Norfolk, Siege of Savannah, and Siege of Ninety-Six."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T11:39:44.670Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi03950","ead_ssi":"vi_vi03950","_root_":"vi_vi03950","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi03950","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi03950.xml","title_ssm":["Frederick County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, \n1820-1835"],"title_tesim":["Frederick County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, \n1820-1835"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Frederick County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, \n1820-1835"],"text":["Frederick County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, \n1820-1835","There are no restrictions.\n","This collection is arranged into the following series:\n","Series I: Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, 1820-1835,  arranged chronologically.","Arranged chronologically.\n","Context for Record Type:  In 1818, Congress passed the first of three major Revolutionary War pension acts. The act granted lifetime pensions to all men who had served as regular army soldiers in the Continental Line and who could demonstrate financial need. Prior to the passage of this act, pensions had been restricted to former soldiers who were no longer able to support themselves due to injuries sustained while in service. The second act, passed by Congress in 1820, required applicants to provide more concrete evidence of this financial need in the form of a certified inventory of his property and income. They also had to include an account of all members of the applicant's family, including their health and ability to contribute to household income. In 1832, the third act extended pension benefits to include soldiers who had served in the state troops or militia. Congress also passed a related act in 1836 granting pensions to the widows and orphans of Revolutionary War veterans.\n","Locality History:   Frederick County was was named in honor of Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales and eldest son of King George II. It was formed from Orange County by a statute of 1738 that stipulated that when the population was large enough the new county government would begin to function. The county court first met on 11 November 1743. Part of Augusta County was added in 1754. The county seat is the city of Winchester. ","Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, 1820-1835, were removed from the Frederick County Court papers and processed by Library of Virginia staff with other Frederick County military and pension records. Declarations filed by former soldiers rather than their widows and heirs, ranging from 1820 to 1835, were reprocessed and indexed as a distinct unit by M. Long.\n","Encoded by G. Crawford: October 2013; updated by M. Long: May 2024.\n","See also the  Frederick County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, 1805-1907; undated  at the Library of Virginia.","Additional Frederick County Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia. Consult   \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Frederick County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, 1820-1835, primarily record the declarations of individuals seeking to obtain Revolutionary War pensions provided by various acts of Congress. The applicants present detailed testimony of their time of service during the Revolutionary War. Information found in the declarations include date and location applicants entered into service, names of military companies they served in, names of military commanders they served under, names of fellow soldiers they served with, length of service, their age, and their place of birth. The predominant portion of the declarations are narratives of their tours of duty during the Revolutionary War with emphasis on battles they fought. The declarations also include affidavits from witnesses who could verify information provided by applicants.\n","Applicants in this series reported to have served in various Virginia military units, including the 1st Virginia Regiment, Cavalry; 3rd Virginia Regiment; 4th Virginia Regiment; 7th Virginia Regiment; 8th Virginia Regiment; Virginia Rifle Company; Virginia Light Dragoons; and the Virginia Continental Line and Virginia militia generally.","Applicants also reported serving in many units outside of Virginia, including the 2nd Maryland Regiment; 2nd North Carolina Regiment; 4th Pennsylvania Regiment; 1st South Carolina Regiment, Grenadier Company; Connecticut Continental Line; Massachusetts Continental Line; Pennsylvania Continental Line; Pennsylvania militia; New Jersey militia; and the French Army in the American service.","Applicants also gave accounts of being present during several military engagements, including Battle of Brandywine, Battle of Camden, Battle of Eutaw Springs, Battle of Fort Moultrie, Battle of Germantown, Battle of Guilford Courthouse, Battle of Great Bridge, Battle of Long Island, Battle of Monmouth, Battle of Paolie, Battle of Stony Point, Siege of Charleston, Siege of Norfolk, Siege of Savannah, and Siege of Ninety-Six.","There are no restrictions.\n","Library of Virginia\n","English\n"],"collection_title_tesim":["Frederick County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, \n1820-1835"],"collection_ssim":["Frederick County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, \n1820-1835"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Frederick County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Frederick County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Frederick County.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".15 cu. ft. (1 box)"],"extent_tesim":[".15 cu. ft. (1 box)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into the following series:\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries I: Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, 1820-1835,\u003c/emph\u003e arranged chronologically.\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged chronologically.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into the following series:\n","Series I: Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, 1820-1835,  arranged chronologically.","Arranged chronologically.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Record Type:\u003c/title\u003e In 1818, Congress passed the first of three major Revolutionary War pension acts. The act granted lifetime pensions to all men who had served as regular army soldiers in the Continental Line and who could demonstrate financial need. Prior to the passage of this act, pensions had been restricted to former soldiers who were no longer able to support themselves due to injuries sustained while in service. The second act, passed by Congress in 1820, required applicants to provide more concrete evidence of this financial need in the form of a certified inventory of his property and income. They also had to include an account of all members of the applicant's family, including their health and ability to contribute to household income. In 1832, the third act extended pension benefits to include soldiers who had served in the state troops or militia. Congress also passed a related act in 1836 granting pensions to the widows and orphans of Revolutionary War veterans.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History:  \u003c/title\u003eFrederick County was was named in honor of Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales and eldest son of King George II. It was formed from Orange County by a statute of 1738 that stipulated that when the population was large enough the new county government would begin to function. The county court first met on 11 November 1743. Part of Augusta County was added in 1754. The county seat is the city of Winchester. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Record Type:  In 1818, Congress passed the first of three major Revolutionary War pension acts. The act granted lifetime pensions to all men who had served as regular army soldiers in the Continental Line and who could demonstrate financial need. Prior to the passage of this act, pensions had been restricted to former soldiers who were no longer able to support themselves due to injuries sustained while in service. The second act, passed by Congress in 1820, required applicants to provide more concrete evidence of this financial need in the form of a certified inventory of his property and income. They also had to include an account of all members of the applicant's family, including their health and ability to contribute to household income. In 1832, the third act extended pension benefits to include soldiers who had served in the state troops or militia. Congress also passed a related act in 1836 granting pensions to the widows and orphans of Revolutionary War veterans.\n","Locality History:   Frederick County was was named in honor of Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales and eldest son of King George II. It was formed from Orange County by a statute of 1738 that stipulated that when the population was large enough the new county government would begin to function. The county court first met on 11 November 1743. Part of Augusta County was added in 1754. The county seat is the city of Winchester. "],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrederick County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, 1820-1835. Local government records collection, Frederick County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia, 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Frederick County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, 1820-1835. Local government records collection, Frederick County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia, 23219.\n"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDeclarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, 1820-1835, were removed from the Frederick County Court papers and processed by Library of Virginia staff with other Frederick County military and pension records. Declarations filed by former soldiers rather than their widows and heirs, ranging from 1820 to 1835, were reprocessed and indexed as a distinct unit by M. Long.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEncoded by G. Crawford: October 2013; updated by M. Long: May 2024.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information\n"],"processinfo_tesim":["Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, 1820-1835, were removed from the Frederick County Court papers and processed by Library of Virginia staff with other Frederick County military and pension records. Declarations filed by former soldiers rather than their widows and heirs, ranging from 1820 to 1835, were reprocessed and indexed as a distinct unit by M. Long.\n","Encoded by G. Crawford: October 2013; updated by M. Long: May 2024.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee also the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi06414.xml\"\u003eFrederick County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, 1805-1907; undated\u003c/extref\u003e at the Library of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional Frederick County Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia. Consult  \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.lib.va.us/whatwehave/local/local_rec/index.htm\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See also the  Frederick County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, 1805-1907; undated  at the Library of Virginia.","Additional Frederick County Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia. Consult   \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\""],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrederick County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, 1820-1835, primarily record the declarations of individuals seeking to obtain Revolutionary War pensions provided by various acts of Congress. The applicants present detailed testimony of their time of service during the Revolutionary War. Information found in the declarations include date and location applicants entered into service, names of military companies they served in, names of military commanders they served under, names of fellow soldiers they served with, length of service, their age, and their place of birth. The predominant portion of the declarations are narratives of their tours of duty during the Revolutionary War with emphasis on battles they fought. The declarations also include affidavits from witnesses who could verify information provided by applicants.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApplicants in this series reported to have served in various Virginia military units, including the 1st Virginia Regiment, Cavalry; 3rd Virginia Regiment; 4th Virginia Regiment; 7th Virginia Regiment; 8th Virginia Regiment; Virginia Rifle Company; Virginia Light Dragoons; and the Virginia Continental Line and Virginia militia generally.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApplicants also reported serving in many units outside of Virginia, including the 2nd Maryland Regiment; 2nd North Carolina Regiment; 4th Pennsylvania Regiment; 1st South Carolina Regiment, Grenadier Company; Connecticut Continental Line; Massachusetts Continental Line; Pennsylvania Continental Line; Pennsylvania militia; New Jersey militia; and the French Army in the American service.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApplicants also gave accounts of being present during several military engagements, including Battle of Brandywine, Battle of Camden, Battle of Eutaw Springs, Battle of Fort Moultrie, Battle of Germantown, Battle of Guilford Courthouse, Battle of Great Bridge, Battle of Long Island, Battle of Monmouth, Battle of Paolie, Battle of Stony Point, Siege of Charleston, Siege of Norfolk, Siege of Savannah, and Siege of Ninety-Six.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Frederick County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, 1820-1835, primarily record the declarations of individuals seeking to obtain Revolutionary War pensions provided by various acts of Congress. The applicants present detailed testimony of their time of service during the Revolutionary War. Information found in the declarations include date and location applicants entered into service, names of military companies they served in, names of military commanders they served under, names of fellow soldiers they served with, length of service, their age, and their place of birth. The predominant portion of the declarations are narratives of their tours of duty during the Revolutionary War with emphasis on battles they fought. The declarations also include affidavits from witnesses who could verify information provided by applicants.\n","Applicants in this series reported to have served in various Virginia military units, including the 1st Virginia Regiment, Cavalry; 3rd Virginia Regiment; 4th Virginia Regiment; 7th Virginia Regiment; 8th Virginia Regiment; Virginia Rifle Company; Virginia Light Dragoons; and the Virginia Continental Line and Virginia militia generally.","Applicants also reported serving in many units outside of Virginia, including the 2nd Maryland Regiment; 2nd North Carolina Regiment; 4th Pennsylvania Regiment; 1st South Carolina Regiment, Grenadier Company; Connecticut Continental Line; Massachusetts Continental Line; Pennsylvania Continental Line; Pennsylvania militia; New Jersey militia; and the French Army in the American service.","Applicants also gave accounts of being present during several military engagements, including Battle of Brandywine, Battle of Camden, Battle of Eutaw Springs, Battle of Fort Moultrie, Battle of Germantown, Battle of Guilford Courthouse, Battle of Great Bridge, Battle of Long Island, Battle of Monmouth, Battle of Paolie, Battle of Stony Point, Siege of Charleston, Siege of Norfolk, Siege of Savannah, and Siege of Ninety-Six."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T11:39:44.670Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03950"}},{"id":"vi_vi03626","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Frederick County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), \n1798-1859","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03626#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Frederick County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03626#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eFrederick County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), 1798-1859, consist of suits initiated by slaves seeking to gain their freedom on the law side of the court. Cases are identified by style of suit consisting of plaintiff and defendant names. Surnames of others involved in a suit, including secondary plaintiffs and defendants, witnesses, deponents and affiants, and family members with surnames different from the plaintiff or defendant are indexed. Also identified are names of slaves and slaveowners found in suit as well as whether slave(s) won their freedom. Predominant documents found in freedom suits include petitions, records of suits, depositions, affidavits, wills, among other items. Information found in documents include slave's argument for freedom, acquisition of slaves by slaveowners, slave ancestry, and relationship between slaves and slaveowners. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03626#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi03626","ead_ssi":"vi_vi03626","_root_":"vi_vi03626","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi03626","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi03626.xml","title_ssm":["Frederick County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), \n1798-1859"],"title_tesim":["Frederick County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), \n1798-1859"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["0006548170\n"],"text":["0006548170\n","Frederick County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), \n1798-1859","African Americans -- Virginia.","Free African Americans -- Virginia -- Frederick County.","Slaveholders -- Virginia -- Frederick County.","Slavery -- Virginia -- Frederick County.","Civil actions -- Virginia -- Frederick County.","Freedom suits -- Virginia -- Frederick County.","Judicial records -- Virginia -- Frederick County.","Local government records -- Virginia -- Frederick County.","Petitions -- Virginia -- Frederick County.","Wills -- Virginia -- Frederick County.",".35 cu. ft. (1 box)","There are no restrictions.\n","Arranged chronologically.\n","Slaves sued for emancipation in freedom suits based on the following: they were descendant(s) of a free female ancestor, typically a Native American (Hening Statutes, volume 2, p.170); failure of slaveowner(s) to abide by the 1778 slave nonimportation act (Henings Statutes, volume 9, pp. 471-472); or claimed to have been freed by slaveowner(s) by deed of emancipation or last will and testament (Henings Statutes volume 11, pp. 39-40)\n","Frederick County was named in honor of Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales and eldest son of King George II. It was formed from Orange County by a statute of 1738 that stipulated that when the population was large enough the new county government would begin to function. The county court first met on 11 November 1743. Part of Augusta County was added in 1754. The county seat is the city of Winchester.\n","Additional Frederick County Court Records are found at the Library of Virginia.\n","Additional Frederick County Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia.  See  A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm","Additional freedom suits may be found in the Frederick County Chancery Causes. Search the  the Chancery Records Index  found on the Library of Virginia web site. Enter the tilde symbol in the plaintiff surname field.\n","Frederick County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), 1798-1859, consist of suits initiated by slaves seeking to gain their freedom on the law side of the court. Cases are identified by style of suit consisting of plaintiff and defendant names. Surnames of others involved in a suit, including secondary plaintiffs and defendants, witnesses, deponents and affiants, and family members with surnames different from the plaintiff or defendant are indexed. Also identified are names of slaves and slaveowners found in suit as well as whether slave(s) won their freedom. Predominant documents found in freedom suits include petitions, records of suits, depositions, affidavits, wills, among other items. Information found in documents include slave's argument for freedom, acquisition of slaves by slaveowners, slave ancestry, and relationship between slaves and slaveowners.\n","Judgments (Freedom Suits) are useful when researching local history and genealogical information, particularly for African Americans. They are a valuable source of local, state, social, and legal history and serve as a primary source for understanding a locality's history.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","Library of Virginia\n","Frederick County (Va.). Circuit Court.","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["0006548170\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Frederick County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), \n1798-1859"],"collection_title_tesim":["Frederick County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), \n1798-1859"],"collection_ssim":["Frederick County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), \n1798-1859"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Frederick County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Frederick County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in transfers of court papers from Frederick County.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- Virginia.","Free African Americans -- Virginia -- Frederick County.","Slaveholders -- Virginia -- Frederick County.","Slavery -- Virginia -- Frederick County.","Civil actions -- Virginia -- Frederick County.","Freedom suits -- Virginia -- Frederick County.","Judicial records -- Virginia -- Frederick County.","Local government records -- Virginia -- Frederick County.","Petitions -- Virginia -- Frederick County.","Wills -- Virginia -- Frederick County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- Virginia.","Free African Americans -- Virginia -- Frederick County.","Slaveholders -- Virginia -- Frederick County.","Slavery -- Virginia -- Frederick County.","Civil actions -- Virginia -- Frederick County.","Freedom suits -- Virginia -- Frederick County.","Judicial records -- Virginia -- Frederick County.","Local government records -- Virginia -- Frederick County.","Petitions -- Virginia -- Frederick County.","Wills -- Virginia -- Frederick County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":[".35 cu. ft. (1 box)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged chronologically.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged chronologically.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSlaves sued for emancipation in freedom suits based on the following: they were descendant(s) of a free female ancestor, typically a Native American (Hening Statutes, volume 2, p.170); failure of slaveowner(s) to abide by the 1778 slave nonimportation act (Henings Statutes, volume 9, pp. 471-472); or claimed to have been freed by slaveowner(s) by deed of emancipation or last will and testament (Henings Statutes volume 11, pp. 39-40)\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrederick County was named in honor of Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales and eldest son of King George II. It was formed from Orange County by a statute of 1738 that stipulated that when the population was large enough the new county government would begin to function. The county court first met on 11 November 1743. Part of Augusta County was added in 1754. The county seat is the city of Winchester.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Slaves sued for emancipation in freedom suits based on the following: they were descendant(s) of a free female ancestor, typically a Native American (Hening Statutes, volume 2, p.170); failure of slaveowner(s) to abide by the 1778 slave nonimportation act (Henings Statutes, volume 9, pp. 471-472); or claimed to have been freed by slaveowner(s) by deed of emancipation or last will and testament (Henings Statutes volume 11, pp. 39-40)\n","Frederick County was named in honor of Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales and eldest son of King George II. It was formed from Orange County by a statute of 1738 that stipulated that when the population was large enough the new county government would begin to function. The county court first met on 11 November 1743. Part of Augusta County was added in 1754. The county seat is the city of Winchester.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrederick County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), 1798-1859. Local government records collection, Frederick County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Frederick County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), 1798-1859. Local government records collection, Frederick County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia 23219.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Frederick County Court Records are found at the Library of Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional Frederick County Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia.  See \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA095\"\u003eA Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional freedom suits may be found in the Frederick County Chancery Causes. Search the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.lib.va.us/whatwehave/local/chancery/index.htm\"\u003ethe Chancery Records Index\u003c/extref\u003e found on the Library of Virginia web site. Enter the tilde symbol in the plaintiff surname field.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Frederick County Court Records are found at the Library of Virginia.\n","Additional Frederick County Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia.  See  A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm","Additional freedom suits may be found in the Frederick County Chancery Causes. Search the  the Chancery Records Index  found on the Library of Virginia web site. Enter the tilde symbol in the plaintiff surname field.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrederick County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), 1798-1859, consist of suits initiated by slaves seeking to gain their freedom on the law side of the court. Cases are identified by style of suit consisting of plaintiff and defendant names. Surnames of others involved in a suit, including secondary plaintiffs and defendants, witnesses, deponents and affiants, and family members with surnames different from the plaintiff or defendant are indexed. Also identified are names of slaves and slaveowners found in suit as well as whether slave(s) won their freedom. Predominant documents found in freedom suits include petitions, records of suits, depositions, affidavits, wills, among other items. Information found in documents include slave's argument for freedom, acquisition of slaves by slaveowners, slave ancestry, and relationship between slaves and slaveowners.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJudgments (Freedom Suits) are useful when researching local history and genealogical information, particularly for African Americans. They are a valuable source of local, state, social, and legal history and serve as a primary source for understanding a locality's history.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Frederick County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), 1798-1859, consist of suits initiated by slaves seeking to gain their freedom on the law side of the court. Cases are identified by style of suit consisting of plaintiff and defendant names. Surnames of others involved in a suit, including secondary plaintiffs and defendants, witnesses, deponents and affiants, and family members with surnames different from the plaintiff or defendant are indexed. Also identified are names of slaves and slaveowners found in suit as well as whether slave(s) won their freedom. Predominant documents found in freedom suits include petitions, records of suits, depositions, affidavits, wills, among other items. Information found in documents include slave's argument for freedom, acquisition of slaves by slaveowners, slave ancestry, and relationship between slaves and slaveowners.\n","Judgments (Freedom Suits) are useful when researching local history and genealogical information, particularly for African Americans. They are a valuable source of local, state, social, and legal history and serve as a primary source for understanding a locality's history.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Frederick County (Va.). Circuit Court."],"corpname_ssim":["Frederick County (Va.). Circuit Court."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":6,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T11:21:00.176Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi03626","ead_ssi":"vi_vi03626","_root_":"vi_vi03626","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi03626","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi03626.xml","title_ssm":["Frederick County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), \n1798-1859"],"title_tesim":["Frederick County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), \n1798-1859"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["0006548170\n"],"text":["0006548170\n","Frederick County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), \n1798-1859","African Americans -- Virginia.","Free African Americans -- Virginia -- Frederick County.","Slaveholders -- Virginia -- Frederick County.","Slavery -- Virginia -- Frederick County.","Civil actions -- Virginia -- Frederick County.","Freedom suits -- Virginia -- Frederick County.","Judicial records -- Virginia -- Frederick County.","Local government records -- Virginia -- Frederick County.","Petitions -- Virginia -- Frederick County.","Wills -- Virginia -- Frederick County.",".35 cu. ft. (1 box)","There are no restrictions.\n","Arranged chronologically.\n","Slaves sued for emancipation in freedom suits based on the following: they were descendant(s) of a free female ancestor, typically a Native American (Hening Statutes, volume 2, p.170); failure of slaveowner(s) to abide by the 1778 slave nonimportation act (Henings Statutes, volume 9, pp. 471-472); or claimed to have been freed by slaveowner(s) by deed of emancipation or last will and testament (Henings Statutes volume 11, pp. 39-40)\n","Frederick County was named in honor of Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales and eldest son of King George II. It was formed from Orange County by a statute of 1738 that stipulated that when the population was large enough the new county government would begin to function. The county court first met on 11 November 1743. Part of Augusta County was added in 1754. The county seat is the city of Winchester.\n","Additional Frederick County Court Records are found at the Library of Virginia.\n","Additional Frederick County Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia.  See  A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm","Additional freedom suits may be found in the Frederick County Chancery Causes. Search the  the Chancery Records Index  found on the Library of Virginia web site. Enter the tilde symbol in the plaintiff surname field.\n","Frederick County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), 1798-1859, consist of suits initiated by slaves seeking to gain their freedom on the law side of the court. Cases are identified by style of suit consisting of plaintiff and defendant names. Surnames of others involved in a suit, including secondary plaintiffs and defendants, witnesses, deponents and affiants, and family members with surnames different from the plaintiff or defendant are indexed. Also identified are names of slaves and slaveowners found in suit as well as whether slave(s) won their freedom. Predominant documents found in freedom suits include petitions, records of suits, depositions, affidavits, wills, among other items. Information found in documents include slave's argument for freedom, acquisition of slaves by slaveowners, slave ancestry, and relationship between slaves and slaveowners.\n","Judgments (Freedom Suits) are useful when researching local history and genealogical information, particularly for African Americans. They are a valuable source of local, state, social, and legal history and serve as a primary source for understanding a locality's history.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","Library of Virginia\n","Frederick County (Va.). Circuit Court.","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["0006548170\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Frederick County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), \n1798-1859"],"collection_title_tesim":["Frederick County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), \n1798-1859"],"collection_ssim":["Frederick County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), \n1798-1859"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Frederick County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Frederick County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in transfers of court papers from Frederick County.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- Virginia.","Free African Americans -- Virginia -- Frederick County.","Slaveholders -- Virginia -- Frederick County.","Slavery -- Virginia -- Frederick County.","Civil actions -- Virginia -- Frederick County.","Freedom suits -- Virginia -- Frederick County.","Judicial records -- Virginia -- Frederick County.","Local government records -- Virginia -- Frederick County.","Petitions -- Virginia -- Frederick County.","Wills -- Virginia -- Frederick County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- Virginia.","Free African Americans -- Virginia -- Frederick County.","Slaveholders -- Virginia -- Frederick County.","Slavery -- Virginia -- Frederick County.","Civil actions -- Virginia -- Frederick County.","Freedom suits -- Virginia -- Frederick County.","Judicial records -- Virginia -- Frederick County.","Local government records -- Virginia -- Frederick County.","Petitions -- Virginia -- Frederick County.","Wills -- Virginia -- Frederick County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":[".35 cu. ft. (1 box)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged chronologically.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged chronologically.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSlaves sued for emancipation in freedom suits based on the following: they were descendant(s) of a free female ancestor, typically a Native American (Hening Statutes, volume 2, p.170); failure of slaveowner(s) to abide by the 1778 slave nonimportation act (Henings Statutes, volume 9, pp. 471-472); or claimed to have been freed by slaveowner(s) by deed of emancipation or last will and testament (Henings Statutes volume 11, pp. 39-40)\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrederick County was named in honor of Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales and eldest son of King George II. It was formed from Orange County by a statute of 1738 that stipulated that when the population was large enough the new county government would begin to function. The county court first met on 11 November 1743. Part of Augusta County was added in 1754. The county seat is the city of Winchester.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Slaves sued for emancipation in freedom suits based on the following: they were descendant(s) of a free female ancestor, typically a Native American (Hening Statutes, volume 2, p.170); failure of slaveowner(s) to abide by the 1778 slave nonimportation act (Henings Statutes, volume 9, pp. 471-472); or claimed to have been freed by slaveowner(s) by deed of emancipation or last will and testament (Henings Statutes volume 11, pp. 39-40)\n","Frederick County was named in honor of Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales and eldest son of King George II. It was formed from Orange County by a statute of 1738 that stipulated that when the population was large enough the new county government would begin to function. The county court first met on 11 November 1743. Part of Augusta County was added in 1754. The county seat is the city of Winchester.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrederick County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), 1798-1859. Local government records collection, Frederick County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Frederick County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), 1798-1859. Local government records collection, Frederick County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia 23219.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Frederick County Court Records are found at the Library of Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional Frederick County Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia.  See \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA095\"\u003eA Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional freedom suits may be found in the Frederick County Chancery Causes. Search the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.lib.va.us/whatwehave/local/chancery/index.htm\"\u003ethe Chancery Records Index\u003c/extref\u003e found on the Library of Virginia web site. Enter the tilde symbol in the plaintiff surname field.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Frederick County Court Records are found at the Library of Virginia.\n","Additional Frederick County Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia.  See  A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm","Additional freedom suits may be found in the Frederick County Chancery Causes. Search the  the Chancery Records Index  found on the Library of Virginia web site. Enter the tilde symbol in the plaintiff surname field.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrederick County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), 1798-1859, consist of suits initiated by slaves seeking to gain their freedom on the law side of the court. Cases are identified by style of suit consisting of plaintiff and defendant names. Surnames of others involved in a suit, including secondary plaintiffs and defendants, witnesses, deponents and affiants, and family members with surnames different from the plaintiff or defendant are indexed. Also identified are names of slaves and slaveowners found in suit as well as whether slave(s) won their freedom. Predominant documents found in freedom suits include petitions, records of suits, depositions, affidavits, wills, among other items. Information found in documents include slave's argument for freedom, acquisition of slaves by slaveowners, slave ancestry, and relationship between slaves and slaveowners.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJudgments (Freedom Suits) are useful when researching local history and genealogical information, particularly for African Americans. They are a valuable source of local, state, social, and legal history and serve as a primary source for understanding a locality's history.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Frederick County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), 1798-1859, consist of suits initiated by slaves seeking to gain their freedom on the law side of the court. Cases are identified by style of suit consisting of plaintiff and defendant names. Surnames of others involved in a suit, including secondary plaintiffs and defendants, witnesses, deponents and affiants, and family members with surnames different from the plaintiff or defendant are indexed. Also identified are names of slaves and slaveowners found in suit as well as whether slave(s) won their freedom. Predominant documents found in freedom suits include petitions, records of suits, depositions, affidavits, wills, among other items. Information found in documents include slave's argument for freedom, acquisition of slaves by slaveowners, slave ancestry, and relationship between slaves and slaveowners.\n","Judgments (Freedom Suits) are useful when researching local history and genealogical information, particularly for African Americans. They are a valuable source of local, state, social, and legal history and serve as a primary source for understanding a locality's history.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Frederick County (Va.). Circuit Court."],"corpname_ssim":["Frederick County (Va.). Circuit Court."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":6,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T11:21:00.176Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03626"}},{"id":"vi_vi02453","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Frederick County (Va.) List of Registered Voters, \n1902-1903","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02453#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Frederick County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02453#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eFrederick County (Va.) List of Registered Voters, 1902-1903, records the roll of registered voters in Frederick County. The volume is divided by precincts: Neffstown, Brucetown, White Hall, Gainsboro, Bakers Mill, Dolans, Ashtons, Yeakley's School House, Gore, Lamps, Russells, Dry Run, Old Forge, Middletown, Stephens City, Canterburg, Kernstown, Carpers Valley, and Green, and within each precinct on the basis of color. Information found in the volume includes date of registration; number of registered voter; name of registered voter; date of birth; age; occupation; residence; length of residence in state, county, and precinct; whether exempt from poll tax; if naturalized, and if so, date of papers and by what court issued; if transferred from another precinct, and if so, when and to what precinct. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02453#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi02453","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02453","_root_":"vi_vi02453","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02453","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi02453.xml","title_ssm":["Frederick County (Va.) List of Registered Voters, \n1902-1903"],"title_tesim":["Frederick County (Va.) List of Registered Voters, \n1902-1903"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1099020\n"],"text":["1099020\n","Frederick County (Va.) List of Registered Voters, \n1902-1903","African Americans--History--1877-1964","African Americans--Suffrage","African Americans--Virginia--Frederick County","Suffrage--Virginia--Frederick County","Election records--Virginia--Frederick County","Local government records--Virginia--Frederick County","Voters' lists--Virginia--Frederick County","1 v.","There are no restrictions.\n","Chronological\n","Frederick County was named for Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales and eldest son of George II.  It was formed from Orange County in 1738, but the county government was not organized until 1743.  Part of Augusta County was added later.  Its area is 426 square miles, and the county seat is Winchester.\n","The 1902 voter registration books were created following the passage of the 1902 Virginia state constitution. The purpose of the 1902 state constitution was to maintain white suffrage while eliminating African-American voters by means of literacy tests as well as property and poll tax requirements. ","Frederick County (Va.) List of Registered Voters, 1902-1903, records the roll of registered voters in Frederick County. The volume is divided by precincts: Neffstown, Brucetown, White Hall, Gainsboro, Bakers Mill, Dolans, Ashtons, Yeakley's School House, Gore, Lamps, Russells, Dry Run, Old Forge, Middletown, Stephens City, Canterburg, Kernstown, Carpers Valley, and Green, and within each precinct on the basis of color. Information found in the volume includes date of registration; number of registered voter; name of registered voter; date of birth; age; occupation; residence; length of residence in state, county, and precinct; whether exempt from poll tax; if naturalized, and if so, date of papers and by what court issued; if transferred from another precinct, and if so, when and to what precinct. \n","There are no restrictions.\n","State Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n","Frederick County (Va.) Circuit Court","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1099020\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Frederick County (Va.) List of Registered Voters, \n1902-1903"],"collection_title_tesim":["Frederick County (Va.) List of Registered Voters, \n1902-1903"],"collection_ssim":["Frederick County (Va.) List of Registered Voters, \n1902-1903"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Frederick County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Frederick County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This item came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Frederick County. \n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans--History--1877-1964","African Americans--Suffrage","African Americans--Virginia--Frederick County","Suffrage--Virginia--Frederick County","Election records--Virginia--Frederick County","Local government records--Virginia--Frederick County","Voters' lists--Virginia--Frederick County"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans--History--1877-1964","African Americans--Suffrage","African Americans--Virginia--Frederick County","Suffrage--Virginia--Frederick County","Election records--Virginia--Frederick County","Local government records--Virginia--Frederick County","Voters' lists--Virginia--Frederick County"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["1 v."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChronological\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Chronological\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrederick County was named for Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales and eldest son of George II.  It was formed from Orange County in 1738, but the county government was not organized until 1743.  Part of Augusta County was added later.  Its area is 426 square miles, and the county seat is Winchester.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe 1902 voter registration books were created following the passage of the 1902 Virginia state constitution. The purpose of the 1902 state constitution was to maintain white suffrage while eliminating African-American voters by means of literacy tests as well as property and poll tax requirements. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Frederick County was named for Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales and eldest son of George II.  It was formed from Orange County in 1738, but the county government was not organized until 1743.  Part of Augusta County was added later.  Its area is 426 square miles, and the county seat is Winchester.\n","The 1902 voter registration books were created following the passage of the 1902 Virginia state constitution. The purpose of the 1902 state constitution was to maintain white suffrage while eliminating African-American voters by means of literacy tests as well as property and poll tax requirements. "],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrederick County (Va.) List of Registered Voters, 1902-1903. Local government records collection, Frederick County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia 23219. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Frederick County (Va.) List of Registered Voters, 1902-1903. Local government records collection, Frederick County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia 23219. \n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrederick County (Va.) List of Registered Voters, 1902-1903, records the roll of registered voters in Frederick County. The volume is divided by precincts: Neffstown, Brucetown, White Hall, Gainsboro, Bakers Mill, Dolans, Ashtons, Yeakley's School House, Gore, Lamps, Russells, Dry Run, Old Forge, Middletown, Stephens City, Canterburg, Kernstown, Carpers Valley, and Green, and within each precinct on the basis of color. Information found in the volume includes date of registration; number of registered voter; name of registered voter; date of birth; age; occupation; residence; length of residence in state, county, and precinct; whether exempt from poll tax; if naturalized, and if so, date of papers and by what court issued; if transferred from another precinct, and if so, when and to what precinct. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Frederick County (Va.) List of Registered Voters, 1902-1903, records the roll of registered voters in Frederick County. The volume is divided by precincts: Neffstown, Brucetown, White Hall, Gainsboro, Bakers Mill, Dolans, Ashtons, Yeakley's School House, Gore, Lamps, Russells, Dry Run, Old Forge, Middletown, Stephens City, Canterburg, Kernstown, Carpers Valley, and Green, and within each precinct on the basis of color. Information found in the volume includes date of registration; number of registered voter; name of registered voter; date of birth; age; occupation; residence; length of residence in state, county, and precinct; whether exempt from poll tax; if naturalized, and if so, date of papers and by what court issued; if transferred from another precinct, and if so, when and to what precinct. \n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eState Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["State Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Frederick County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"corpname_ssim":["Frederick County (Va.) 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The purpose of the 1902 state constitution was to maintain white suffrage while eliminating African-American voters by means of literacy tests as well as property and poll tax requirements. ","Frederick County (Va.) List of Registered Voters, 1902-1903, records the roll of registered voters in Frederick County. The volume is divided by precincts: Neffstown, Brucetown, White Hall, Gainsboro, Bakers Mill, Dolans, Ashtons, Yeakley's School House, Gore, Lamps, Russells, Dry Run, Old Forge, Middletown, Stephens City, Canterburg, Kernstown, Carpers Valley, and Green, and within each precinct on the basis of color. Information found in the volume includes date of registration; number of registered voter; name of registered voter; date of birth; age; occupation; residence; length of residence in state, county, and precinct; whether exempt from poll tax; if naturalized, and if so, date of papers and by what court issued; if transferred from another precinct, and if so, when and to what precinct. \n","There are no restrictions.\n","State Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n","Frederick County (Va.) Circuit Court","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1099020\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Frederick County (Va.) List of Registered Voters, \n1902-1903"],"collection_title_tesim":["Frederick County (Va.) List of Registered Voters, \n1902-1903"],"collection_ssim":["Frederick County (Va.) List of Registered Voters, \n1902-1903"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Frederick County (Va.) 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It was formed from Orange County in 1738, but the county government was not organized until 1743.  Part of Augusta County was added later.  Its area is 426 square miles, and the county seat is Winchester.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe 1902 voter registration books were created following the passage of the 1902 Virginia state constitution. The purpose of the 1902 state constitution was to maintain white suffrage while eliminating African-American voters by means of literacy tests as well as property and poll tax requirements. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Frederick County was named for Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales and eldest son of George II.  It was formed from Orange County in 1738, but the county government was not organized until 1743.  Part of Augusta County was added later.  Its area is 426 square miles, and the county seat is Winchester.\n","The 1902 voter registration books were created following the passage of the 1902 Virginia state constitution. The purpose of the 1902 state constitution was to maintain white suffrage while eliminating African-American voters by means of literacy tests as well as property and poll tax requirements. "],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrederick County (Va.) List of Registered Voters, 1902-1903. Local government records collection, Frederick County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia 23219. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Frederick County (Va.) List of Registered Voters, 1902-1903. Local government records collection, Frederick County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia 23219. \n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrederick County (Va.) List of Registered Voters, 1902-1903, records the roll of registered voters in Frederick County. The volume is divided by precincts: Neffstown, Brucetown, White Hall, Gainsboro, Bakers Mill, Dolans, Ashtons, Yeakley's School House, Gore, Lamps, Russells, Dry Run, Old Forge, Middletown, Stephens City, Canterburg, Kernstown, Carpers Valley, and Green, and within each precinct on the basis of color. Information found in the volume includes date of registration; number of registered voter; name of registered voter; date of birth; age; occupation; residence; length of residence in state, county, and precinct; whether exempt from poll tax; if naturalized, and if so, date of papers and by what court issued; if transferred from another precinct, and if so, when and to what precinct. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Frederick County (Va.) List of Registered Voters, 1902-1903, records the roll of registered voters in Frederick County. The volume is divided by precincts: Neffstown, Brucetown, White Hall, Gainsboro, Bakers Mill, Dolans, Ashtons, Yeakley's School House, Gore, Lamps, Russells, Dry Run, Old Forge, Middletown, Stephens City, Canterburg, Kernstown, Carpers Valley, and Green, and within each precinct on the basis of color. Information found in the volume includes date of registration; number of registered voter; name of registered voter; date of birth; age; occupation; residence; length of residence in state, county, and precinct; whether exempt from poll tax; if naturalized, and if so, date of papers and by what court issued; if transferred from another precinct, and if so, when and to what precinct. \n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eState Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["State Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Frederick County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"corpname_ssim":["Frederick County (Va.) 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Loyalty Oaths, 1865-1866, consist of oaths signed by male residents of Frederick County in which they promise to \"support the Constitution of the United States and the laws made in pursuance thereof as the supreme law of the land.\" \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03170#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi03170","ead_ssi":"vi_vi03170","_root_":"vi_vi03170","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi03170","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi03170.xml","title_ssm":["Frederick County (Va.) Loyalty Oaths, \n1865-1866"],"title_tesim":["Frederick County (Va.) Loyalty Oaths, \n1865-1866"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1098664\n"],"text":["1098664\n","Frederick County (Va.) Loyalty Oaths, \n1865-1866","Public records -- Virginia -- Frederick County ","Local government records -- Virginia -- Frederick County","Loyalty Oaths -- Virginia -- Frederick County","Oaths -- Virginia -- Frederick County","1 v.","There are no restrictions.\n","Arranged chronologically.\n","Frederick County was named for Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales and eldest son of George II.  It was formed from Orange County in 1738, but the county government was not organized until 1743.  Part of Augusta County was added later. \n","Additional Frederick County Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult  A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.","Frederick County (Va.) Loyalty Oaths, 1865-1866, consist of oaths signed by male residents of Frederick County in which they promise to \"support the Constitution of the United States and the laws made in pursuance thereof as the supreme law of the land.\"\n","Includes an index arranged alphabetically by surname.","There are no restrictions.\n","Library of Virginia\n","Frederick County (Va.) Circuit Court","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1098664\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Frederick County (Va.) Loyalty Oaths, \n1865-1866"],"collection_title_tesim":["Frederick County (Va.) Loyalty Oaths, \n1865-1866"],"collection_ssim":["Frederick County (Va.) Loyalty Oaths, \n1865-1866"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Frederick County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Frederick County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This item came to the Library of Virginia in a shipment of court papers from Frederick County."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Public records -- Virginia -- Frederick County ","Local government records -- Virginia -- Frederick County","Loyalty Oaths -- Virginia -- Frederick County","Oaths -- Virginia -- Frederick County"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Public records -- Virginia -- Frederick County ","Local government records -- Virginia -- Frederick County","Loyalty Oaths -- Virginia -- Frederick County","Oaths -- Virginia -- Frederick County"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["1 v."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged chronologically.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged chronologically.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrederick County was named for Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales and eldest son of George II.  It was formed from Orange County in 1738, but the county government was not organized until 1743.  Part of Augusta County was added later. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Frederick County was named for Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales and eldest son of George II.  It was formed from Orange County in 1738, but the county government was not organized until 1743.  Part of Augusta County was added later. \n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrederick County (Va.) Loyalty Oaths, 1865-1866. Local government records collection, Frederick County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Frederick County (Va.) Loyalty Oaths, 1865-1866. Local government records collection, Frederick County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Frederick County Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA095\"\u003eA Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Frederick County Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult  A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrederick County (Va.) Loyalty Oaths, 1865-1866, consist of oaths signed by male residents of Frederick County in which they promise to \"support the Constitution of the United States and the laws made in pursuance thereof as the supreme law of the land.\"\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes an index arranged alphabetically by surname.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Frederick County (Va.) Loyalty Oaths, 1865-1866, consist of oaths signed by male residents of Frederick County in which they promise to \"support the Constitution of the United States and the laws made in pursuance thereof as the supreme law of the land.\"\n","Includes an index arranged alphabetically by surname."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Frederick County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"corpname_ssim":["Frederick County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:28:46.602Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi03170","ead_ssi":"vi_vi03170","_root_":"vi_vi03170","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi03170","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi03170.xml","title_ssm":["Frederick County (Va.) Loyalty Oaths, \n1865-1866"],"title_tesim":["Frederick County (Va.) Loyalty Oaths, \n1865-1866"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1098664\n"],"text":["1098664\n","Frederick County (Va.) Loyalty Oaths, \n1865-1866","Public records -- Virginia -- Frederick County ","Local government records -- Virginia -- Frederick County","Loyalty Oaths -- Virginia -- Frederick County","Oaths -- Virginia -- Frederick County","1 v.","There are no restrictions.\n","Arranged chronologically.\n","Frederick County was named for Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales and eldest son of George II.  It was formed from Orange County in 1738, but the county government was not organized until 1743.  Part of Augusta County was added later. \n","Additional Frederick County Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult  A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.","Frederick County (Va.) Loyalty Oaths, 1865-1866, consist of oaths signed by male residents of Frederick County in which they promise to \"support the Constitution of the United States and the laws made in pursuance thereof as the supreme law of the land.\"\n","Includes an index arranged alphabetically by surname.","There are no restrictions.\n","Library of Virginia\n","Frederick County (Va.) Circuit Court","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1098664\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Frederick County (Va.) Loyalty Oaths, \n1865-1866"],"collection_title_tesim":["Frederick County (Va.) Loyalty Oaths, \n1865-1866"],"collection_ssim":["Frederick County (Va.) Loyalty Oaths, \n1865-1866"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Frederick County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Frederick County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This item came to the Library of Virginia in a shipment of court papers from Frederick County."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Public records -- Virginia -- Frederick County ","Local government records -- Virginia -- Frederick County","Loyalty Oaths -- Virginia -- Frederick County","Oaths -- Virginia -- Frederick County"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Public records -- Virginia -- Frederick County ","Local government records -- Virginia -- Frederick County","Loyalty Oaths -- Virginia -- Frederick County","Oaths -- Virginia -- Frederick County"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["1 v."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged chronologically.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged chronologically.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrederick County was named for Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales and eldest son of George II.  It was formed from Orange County in 1738, but the county government was not organized until 1743.  Part of Augusta County was added later. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Frederick County was named for Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales and eldest son of George II.  It was formed from Orange County in 1738, but the county government was not organized until 1743.  Part of Augusta County was added later. \n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrederick County (Va.) Loyalty Oaths, 1865-1866. Local government records collection, Frederick County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Frederick County (Va.) Loyalty Oaths, 1865-1866. Local government records collection, Frederick County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Frederick County Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA095\"\u003eA Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Frederick County Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult  A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrederick County (Va.) Loyalty Oaths, 1865-1866, consist of oaths signed by male residents of Frederick County in which they promise to \"support the Constitution of the United States and the laws made in pursuance thereof as the supreme law of the land.\"\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes an index arranged alphabetically by surname.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Frederick County (Va.) Loyalty Oaths, 1865-1866, consist of oaths signed by male residents of Frederick County in which they promise to \"support the Constitution of the United States and the laws made in pursuance thereof as the supreme law of the land.\"\n","Includes an index arranged alphabetically by surname."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Frederick County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"corpname_ssim":["Frederick County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:28:46.602Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03170"}},{"id":"vi_vi06414","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Frederick County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, \n1805-1907; undated","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi06414#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Frederick County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi06414#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003e Frederick County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, 1805-1907; undated, consist of military service records, accounts and vouchers, and claims for reimbursement by civilians and service members. These include: \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi06414#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi06414","ead_ssi":"vi_vi06414","_root_":"vi_vi06414","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi06414","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi06414.xml","title_ssm":["Frederick County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, \n1805-1907; undated"],"title_tesim":["Frederick County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, \n1805-1907; undated"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Frederick County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, \n1805-1907; undated"],"text":["Frederick County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, \n1805-1907; undated","Military and pension records included in the box labeled \"Military and Pension records; Estrays ; Commissioner of Revenue records, 1788-1920\" are unprocessed. All records remain tri-folded or in original bundles and may be fragile. Contact Archives Research services for availability.\n","This collection is arranged into the following series:\n","Series I: Processed Military and Pension Records, 1805-1907; undated,  arranged chronologically. Series II: Unprocessed Military and Pension Records, undated,  are housed in a box with other unprocessed court records for Frederick County.","Arranged chronologically.\n","Housed in box with other unprocessed court records for Frederick County.\n","Context for Record Type:   Keeping large bodies of militia in the field required an elaborate system of support based on the purchase of goods and services from civilians, in addition to the usual pay and allowances to officers and soldiers. The result was the creation of a large number of records concerning the state's disbursements to both soldiers and civilians. Many claims for payment went unsatisfied until 1821. Locality military and pension records consist largely of pay and muster rolls, accounts and vouchers concerning supplies, claims for reimbursement for services rendered, and military pension applications. Pension applications summarize the applicant's service record and may include medical evaluations; information about income and property; and, in the case of widows, the date and place of marriages.","During the Revolutionary War, commissioners were appointed in each county to impress supplies and non-military services (such as driving cattle or wagons) for the war effort. Officials provided certificates or receipts so that individual suppliers could be reimbursed by the state government. Beginning in 1782, claims for reimbursement could be submitted to county courts. These \"publick claims,\" known as court booklets and lists, exist for almost all Virginia counties. Between 1777 and 1785, the Virginia General Assembly passed several laws authorizing pensions for disabled soldiers and for widows of soldiers who died while on active duty.","Throughout the Civil War, the principal responsibility for Virginia's indigent soldiers' families lay with the locality. The Virginia State Convention in 1861 gave the responsibility entirely to counties and incorporated towns and authorized whatever actions had already been taken. Acts of Assembly in 1862 and 1863 expanded the localities' powers to provide for their needy, and in 1863 some minimal state assistance was added in. The Virginia General Assembly passed several Confederate pension acts beginning in 1888. The initial act provided pensions to Confederate soldiers, sailors, and marines disabled in action and to the widows of those killed in action. A 1900 act broadened the coverage to include veterans disabled by \"infirmities of age\" and widows whose husbands died after the war. African Americans who had served \"faithfully\" as servants, cooks, laborers, hostlers, or teamsters for the Confederate army were eligible for pensions beginning in 1924. District of Columbia residents became eligible in 1926; previously, all pension applicants were required to be residents of Virginia.","Locality History:    Frederick County was was named in honor of Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales and eldest son of King George II. It was formed from Orange County by a statute of 1738 that stipulated that when the population was large enough the new county government would begin to function. The county court first met on 11 November 1743. Part of Augusta County was added in 1754. The county seat is the city of Winchester.\n","Military and pension records, 1805-1907, were separated from Frederick County court records and processed by Library of Virginia staff.","The remaining military and pension records are still unprocessed.","Encoded by M. Long: May 2024.\n","See also:","Frederick County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, 1820-1835  at the Library of Virginia.","Frederick County (Va.) A list of such members who are by law exempted from military services viz. the people called Quakers, 1788  at the Library of Virginia.","Frederick County (Va.) Roster of Ex-Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Living in the County of Frederick, Virginia, 1898  at the Library of Virginia.","Frederick County (Va.) Muster Roll in the War with Germany, 1917-1922 (bulk 1917-1918)\n  at the Library of Virginia.","Additional Frederick County Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia. Consult   \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\""," Frederick County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, 1805-1907; undated, consist of military service records, accounts and vouchers, and claims for reimbursement by civilians and service members. These include:\n","County militia papers, 1805-1858, include militia commissions, officer recommendations, militia expenses for the 51st Regiment of the Virginia militia, and records for the 1822 court martial of Robert Gustin, commander of the 2nd Battalion of 39th Regiment of the Virginia militia.","Revolutionary War certificates of service, 1812-1820, include certificates and claims for Revolutionary War federal pensions. Most certificates include regiment, commanding officer names, and other details about wartime service. Some certificates also contain details about property the applicant currently owns and debts owed as a way of proving current income. Several documents relate to the widows and heirs of soldiers.","Pension papers, 1816-1907, include mostly post-Revolutionary War pension applications, certificates, affidavits, and related records. Records relate primarily to Confederate veterans, but also encompass soldiers who fought in the War of 1812 and the widows and heirs of soldiers. Most papers include regiment, commanding officer names, and other details about wartime service. Notable records include the pension papers and service records for two free black soldiers who fought for the United States during the Civil War: Thomas Festus of the 30th United States Regiment of Colored Troops and William Alexander Jones of the 24th United States Regiment of Colored Troops. Also of note was the Confederate pension application of Levi Miller, an enslaved man who was brought into the Confederate Army by his enslaver and participated in several battles.\n","Commutation applications, 1873, consist of applications for commutation money and artifical limbs for Confederate soldiers wounded during the Civil War.","There are no restrictions.\n","Library of Virginia\n","English\n"],"collection_title_tesim":["Frederick County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, \n1805-1907; undated"],"collection_ssim":["Frederick County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, \n1805-1907; undated"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Frederick County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Frederick County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Frederick County.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.45 cu. ft. (2 boxes)"],"extent_tesim":["1.45 cu. ft. (2 boxes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMilitary and pension records included in the box labeled \"Military and Pension records; Estrays ; Commissioner of Revenue records, 1788-1920\" are unprocessed. All records remain tri-folded or in original bundles and may be fragile. Contact Archives Research services for availability.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Military and pension records included in the box labeled \"Military and Pension records; Estrays ; Commissioner of Revenue records, 1788-1920\" are unprocessed. All records remain tri-folded or in original bundles and may be fragile. Contact Archives Research services for availability.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into the following series:\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries I: Processed Military and Pension Records, 1805-1907; undated,\u003c/emph\u003e arranged chronologically.\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries II: Unprocessed Military and Pension Records, undated,\u003c/emph\u003e are housed in a box with other unprocessed court records for Frederick County.\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged chronologically.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHoused in box with other unprocessed court records for Frederick County.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into the following series:\n","Series I: Processed Military and Pension Records, 1805-1907; undated,  arranged chronologically. Series II: Unprocessed Military and Pension Records, undated,  are housed in a box with other unprocessed court records for Frederick County.","Arranged chronologically.\n","Housed in box with other unprocessed court records for Frederick County.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Record Type:  \u003c/title\u003eKeeping large bodies of militia in the field required an elaborate system of support based on the purchase of goods and services from civilians, in addition to the usual pay and allowances to officers and soldiers. The result was the creation of a large number of records concerning the state's disbursements to both soldiers and civilians. Many claims for payment went unsatisfied until 1821. Locality military and pension records consist largely of pay and muster rolls, accounts and vouchers concerning supplies, claims for reimbursement for services rendered, and military pension applications. Pension applications summarize the applicant's service record and may include medical evaluations; information about income and property; and, in the case of widows, the date and place of marriages.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the Revolutionary War, commissioners were appointed in each county to impress supplies and non-military services (such as driving cattle or wagons) for the war effort. Officials provided certificates or receipts so that individual suppliers could be reimbursed by the state government. Beginning in 1782, claims for reimbursement could be submitted to county courts. These \"publick claims,\" known as court booklets and lists, exist for almost all Virginia counties. Between 1777 and 1785, the Virginia General Assembly passed several laws authorizing pensions for disabled soldiers and for widows of soldiers who died while on active duty.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThroughout the Civil War, the principal responsibility for Virginia's indigent soldiers' families lay with the locality. The Virginia State Convention in 1861 gave the responsibility entirely to counties and incorporated towns and authorized whatever actions had already been taken. Acts of Assembly in 1862 and 1863 expanded the localities' powers to provide for their needy, and in 1863 some minimal state assistance was added in. The Virginia General Assembly passed several Confederate pension acts beginning in 1888. The initial act provided pensions to Confederate soldiers, sailors, and marines disabled in action and to the widows of those killed in action. A 1900 act broadened the coverage to include veterans disabled by \"infirmities of age\" and widows whose husbands died after the war. African Americans who had served \"faithfully\" as servants, cooks, laborers, hostlers, or teamsters for the Confederate army were eligible for pensions beginning in 1924. District of Columbia residents became eligible in 1926; previously, all pension applicants were required to be residents of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History:  \u003c/title\u003e Frederick County was was named in honor of Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales and eldest son of King George II. It was formed from Orange County by a statute of 1738 that stipulated that when the population was large enough the new county government would begin to function. The county court first met on 11 November 1743. Part of Augusta County was added in 1754. The county seat is the city of Winchester.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Record Type:   Keeping large bodies of militia in the field required an elaborate system of support based on the purchase of goods and services from civilians, in addition to the usual pay and allowances to officers and soldiers. The result was the creation of a large number of records concerning the state's disbursements to both soldiers and civilians. Many claims for payment went unsatisfied until 1821. Locality military and pension records consist largely of pay and muster rolls, accounts and vouchers concerning supplies, claims for reimbursement for services rendered, and military pension applications. Pension applications summarize the applicant's service record and may include medical evaluations; information about income and property; and, in the case of widows, the date and place of marriages.","During the Revolutionary War, commissioners were appointed in each county to impress supplies and non-military services (such as driving cattle or wagons) for the war effort. Officials provided certificates or receipts so that individual suppliers could be reimbursed by the state government. Beginning in 1782, claims for reimbursement could be submitted to county courts. These \"publick claims,\" known as court booklets and lists, exist for almost all Virginia counties. Between 1777 and 1785, the Virginia General Assembly passed several laws authorizing pensions for disabled soldiers and for widows of soldiers who died while on active duty.","Throughout the Civil War, the principal responsibility for Virginia's indigent soldiers' families lay with the locality. The Virginia State Convention in 1861 gave the responsibility entirely to counties and incorporated towns and authorized whatever actions had already been taken. Acts of Assembly in 1862 and 1863 expanded the localities' powers to provide for their needy, and in 1863 some minimal state assistance was added in. The Virginia General Assembly passed several Confederate pension acts beginning in 1888. The initial act provided pensions to Confederate soldiers, sailors, and marines disabled in action and to the widows of those killed in action. A 1900 act broadened the coverage to include veterans disabled by \"infirmities of age\" and widows whose husbands died after the war. African Americans who had served \"faithfully\" as servants, cooks, laborers, hostlers, or teamsters for the Confederate army were eligible for pensions beginning in 1924. District of Columbia residents became eligible in 1926; previously, all pension applicants were required to be residents of Virginia.","Locality History:    Frederick County was was named in honor of Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales and eldest son of King George II. It was formed from Orange County by a statute of 1738 that stipulated that when the population was large enough the new county government would begin to function. The county court first met on 11 November 1743. Part of Augusta County was added in 1754. The county seat is the city of Winchester.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrederick County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, 1805-1907; undated. Local government records collection, Frederick County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia, 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Frederick County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, 1805-1907; undated. Local government records collection, Frederick County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia, 23219.\n"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMilitary and pension records, 1805-1907, were separated from Frederick County court records and processed by Library of Virginia staff.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe remaining military and pension records are still unprocessed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEncoded by M. Long: May 2024.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information\n"],"processinfo_tesim":["Military and pension records, 1805-1907, were separated from Frederick County court records and processed by Library of Virginia staff.","The remaining military and pension records are still unprocessed.","Encoded by M. Long: May 2024.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee also:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi03950.xml\"\u003eFrederick County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, 1820-1835\u003c/extref\u003e at the Library of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi02782.xml\"\u003eFrederick County (Va.) A list of such members who are by law exempted from military services viz. the people called Quakers, 1788\u003c/extref\u003e at the Library of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi05014.xml\"\u003eFrederick County (Va.) Roster of Ex-Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Living in the County of Frederick, Virginia, 1898\u003c/extref\u003e at the Library of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi04082.xml\"\u003eFrederick County (Va.) Muster Roll in the War with Germany, 1917-1922 (bulk 1917-1918)\n\u003c/extref\u003e at the Library of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional Frederick County Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia. Consult  \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.lib.va.us/whatwehave/local/local_rec/index.htm\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See also:","Frederick County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, 1820-1835  at the Library of Virginia.","Frederick County (Va.) A list of such members who are by law exempted from military services viz. the people called Quakers, 1788  at the Library of Virginia.","Frederick County (Va.) Roster of Ex-Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Living in the County of Frederick, Virginia, 1898  at the Library of Virginia.","Frederick County (Va.) Muster Roll in the War with Germany, 1917-1922 (bulk 1917-1918)\n  at the Library of Virginia.","Additional Frederick County Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia. Consult   \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\""],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e Frederick County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, 1805-1907; undated, consist of military service records, accounts and vouchers, and claims for reimbursement by civilians and service members. These include:\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCounty militia papers, 1805-1858, include militia commissions, officer recommendations, militia expenses for the 51st Regiment of the Virginia militia, and records for the 1822 court martial of Robert Gustin, commander of the 2nd Battalion of 39th Regiment of the Virginia militia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRevolutionary War certificates of service, 1812-1820, include certificates and claims for Revolutionary War federal pensions. Most certificates include regiment, commanding officer names, and other details about wartime service. Some certificates also contain details about property the applicant currently owns and debts owed as a way of proving current income. Several documents relate to the widows and heirs of soldiers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePension papers, 1816-1907, include mostly post-Revolutionary War pension applications, certificates, affidavits, and related records. Records relate primarily to Confederate veterans, but also encompass soldiers who fought in the War of 1812 and the widows and heirs of soldiers. Most papers include regiment, commanding officer names, and other details about wartime service. Notable records include the pension papers and service records for two free black soldiers who fought for the United States during the Civil War: Thomas Festus of the 30th United States Regiment of Colored Troops and William Alexander Jones of the 24th United States Regiment of Colored Troops. Also of note was the Confederate pension application of Levi Miller, an enslaved man who was brought into the Confederate Army by his enslaver and participated in several battles.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCommutation applications, 1873, consist of applications for commutation money and artifical limbs for Confederate soldiers wounded during the Civil War.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":[" Frederick County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, 1805-1907; undated, consist of military service records, accounts and vouchers, and claims for reimbursement by civilians and service members. These include:\n","County militia papers, 1805-1858, include militia commissions, officer recommendations, militia expenses for the 51st Regiment of the Virginia militia, and records for the 1822 court martial of Robert Gustin, commander of the 2nd Battalion of 39th Regiment of the Virginia militia.","Revolutionary War certificates of service, 1812-1820, include certificates and claims for Revolutionary War federal pensions. Most certificates include regiment, commanding officer names, and other details about wartime service. Some certificates also contain details about property the applicant currently owns and debts owed as a way of proving current income. Several documents relate to the widows and heirs of soldiers.","Pension papers, 1816-1907, include mostly post-Revolutionary War pension applications, certificates, affidavits, and related records. Records relate primarily to Confederate veterans, but also encompass soldiers who fought in the War of 1812 and the widows and heirs of soldiers. Most papers include regiment, commanding officer names, and other details about wartime service. Notable records include the pension papers and service records for two free black soldiers who fought for the United States during the Civil War: Thomas Festus of the 30th United States Regiment of Colored Troops and William Alexander Jones of the 24th United States Regiment of Colored Troops. Also of note was the Confederate pension application of Levi Miller, an enslaved man who was brought into the Confederate Army by his enslaver and participated in several battles.\n","Commutation applications, 1873, consist of applications for commutation money and artifical limbs for Confederate soldiers wounded during the Civil War."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":4,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:44:35.780Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi06414","ead_ssi":"vi_vi06414","_root_":"vi_vi06414","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi06414","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi06414.xml","title_ssm":["Frederick County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, \n1805-1907; undated"],"title_tesim":["Frederick County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, \n1805-1907; undated"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Frederick County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, \n1805-1907; undated"],"text":["Frederick County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, \n1805-1907; undated","Military and pension records included in the box labeled \"Military and Pension records; Estrays ; Commissioner of Revenue records, 1788-1920\" are unprocessed. All records remain tri-folded or in original bundles and may be fragile. Contact Archives Research services for availability.\n","This collection is arranged into the following series:\n","Series I: Processed Military and Pension Records, 1805-1907; undated,  arranged chronologically. Series II: Unprocessed Military and Pension Records, undated,  are housed in a box with other unprocessed court records for Frederick County.","Arranged chronologically.\n","Housed in box with other unprocessed court records for Frederick County.\n","Context for Record Type:   Keeping large bodies of militia in the field required an elaborate system of support based on the purchase of goods and services from civilians, in addition to the usual pay and allowances to officers and soldiers. The result was the creation of a large number of records concerning the state's disbursements to both soldiers and civilians. Many claims for payment went unsatisfied until 1821. Locality military and pension records consist largely of pay and muster rolls, accounts and vouchers concerning supplies, claims for reimbursement for services rendered, and military pension applications. Pension applications summarize the applicant's service record and may include medical evaluations; information about income and property; and, in the case of widows, the date and place of marriages.","During the Revolutionary War, commissioners were appointed in each county to impress supplies and non-military services (such as driving cattle or wagons) for the war effort. Officials provided certificates or receipts so that individual suppliers could be reimbursed by the state government. Beginning in 1782, claims for reimbursement could be submitted to county courts. These \"publick claims,\" known as court booklets and lists, exist for almost all Virginia counties. Between 1777 and 1785, the Virginia General Assembly passed several laws authorizing pensions for disabled soldiers and for widows of soldiers who died while on active duty.","Throughout the Civil War, the principal responsibility for Virginia's indigent soldiers' families lay with the locality. The Virginia State Convention in 1861 gave the responsibility entirely to counties and incorporated towns and authorized whatever actions had already been taken. Acts of Assembly in 1862 and 1863 expanded the localities' powers to provide for their needy, and in 1863 some minimal state assistance was added in. The Virginia General Assembly passed several Confederate pension acts beginning in 1888. The initial act provided pensions to Confederate soldiers, sailors, and marines disabled in action and to the widows of those killed in action. A 1900 act broadened the coverage to include veterans disabled by \"infirmities of age\" and widows whose husbands died after the war. African Americans who had served \"faithfully\" as servants, cooks, laborers, hostlers, or teamsters for the Confederate army were eligible for pensions beginning in 1924. District of Columbia residents became eligible in 1926; previously, all pension applicants were required to be residents of Virginia.","Locality History:    Frederick County was was named in honor of Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales and eldest son of King George II. It was formed from Orange County by a statute of 1738 that stipulated that when the population was large enough the new county government would begin to function. The county court first met on 11 November 1743. Part of Augusta County was added in 1754. The county seat is the city of Winchester.\n","Military and pension records, 1805-1907, were separated from Frederick County court records and processed by Library of Virginia staff.","The remaining military and pension records are still unprocessed.","Encoded by M. Long: May 2024.\n","See also:","Frederick County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, 1820-1835  at the Library of Virginia.","Frederick County (Va.) A list of such members who are by law exempted from military services viz. the people called Quakers, 1788  at the Library of Virginia.","Frederick County (Va.) Roster of Ex-Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Living in the County of Frederick, Virginia, 1898  at the Library of Virginia.","Frederick County (Va.) Muster Roll in the War with Germany, 1917-1922 (bulk 1917-1918)\n  at the Library of Virginia.","Additional Frederick County Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia. Consult   \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\""," Frederick County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, 1805-1907; undated, consist of military service records, accounts and vouchers, and claims for reimbursement by civilians and service members. These include:\n","County militia papers, 1805-1858, include militia commissions, officer recommendations, militia expenses for the 51st Regiment of the Virginia militia, and records for the 1822 court martial of Robert Gustin, commander of the 2nd Battalion of 39th Regiment of the Virginia militia.","Revolutionary War certificates of service, 1812-1820, include certificates and claims for Revolutionary War federal pensions. Most certificates include regiment, commanding officer names, and other details about wartime service. Some certificates also contain details about property the applicant currently owns and debts owed as a way of proving current income. Several documents relate to the widows and heirs of soldiers.","Pension papers, 1816-1907, include mostly post-Revolutionary War pension applications, certificates, affidavits, and related records. Records relate primarily to Confederate veterans, but also encompass soldiers who fought in the War of 1812 and the widows and heirs of soldiers. Most papers include regiment, commanding officer names, and other details about wartime service. Notable records include the pension papers and service records for two free black soldiers who fought for the United States during the Civil War: Thomas Festus of the 30th United States Regiment of Colored Troops and William Alexander Jones of the 24th United States Regiment of Colored Troops. Also of note was the Confederate pension application of Levi Miller, an enslaved man who was brought into the Confederate Army by his enslaver and participated in several battles.\n","Commutation applications, 1873, consist of applications for commutation money and artifical limbs for Confederate soldiers wounded during the Civil War.","There are no restrictions.\n","Library of Virginia\n","English\n"],"collection_title_tesim":["Frederick County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, \n1805-1907; undated"],"collection_ssim":["Frederick County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, \n1805-1907; undated"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Frederick County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Frederick County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Frederick County.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.45 cu. ft. (2 boxes)"],"extent_tesim":["1.45 cu. ft. (2 boxes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMilitary and pension records included in the box labeled \"Military and Pension records; Estrays ; Commissioner of Revenue records, 1788-1920\" are unprocessed. All records remain tri-folded or in original bundles and may be fragile. Contact Archives Research services for availability.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Military and pension records included in the box labeled \"Military and Pension records; Estrays ; Commissioner of Revenue records, 1788-1920\" are unprocessed. All records remain tri-folded or in original bundles and may be fragile. Contact Archives Research services for availability.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into the following series:\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries I: Processed Military and Pension Records, 1805-1907; undated,\u003c/emph\u003e arranged chronologically.\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries II: Unprocessed Military and Pension Records, undated,\u003c/emph\u003e are housed in a box with other unprocessed court records for Frederick County.\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged chronologically.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHoused in box with other unprocessed court records for Frederick County.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into the following series:\n","Series I: Processed Military and Pension Records, 1805-1907; undated,  arranged chronologically. Series II: Unprocessed Military and Pension Records, undated,  are housed in a box with other unprocessed court records for Frederick County.","Arranged chronologically.\n","Housed in box with other unprocessed court records for Frederick County.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Record Type:  \u003c/title\u003eKeeping large bodies of militia in the field required an elaborate system of support based on the purchase of goods and services from civilians, in addition to the usual pay and allowances to officers and soldiers. The result was the creation of a large number of records concerning the state's disbursements to both soldiers and civilians. Many claims for payment went unsatisfied until 1821. Locality military and pension records consist largely of pay and muster rolls, accounts and vouchers concerning supplies, claims for reimbursement for services rendered, and military pension applications. Pension applications summarize the applicant's service record and may include medical evaluations; information about income and property; and, in the case of widows, the date and place of marriages.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the Revolutionary War, commissioners were appointed in each county to impress supplies and non-military services (such as driving cattle or wagons) for the war effort. Officials provided certificates or receipts so that individual suppliers could be reimbursed by the state government. Beginning in 1782, claims for reimbursement could be submitted to county courts. These \"publick claims,\" known as court booklets and lists, exist for almost all Virginia counties. Between 1777 and 1785, the Virginia General Assembly passed several laws authorizing pensions for disabled soldiers and for widows of soldiers who died while on active duty.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThroughout the Civil War, the principal responsibility for Virginia's indigent soldiers' families lay with the locality. The Virginia State Convention in 1861 gave the responsibility entirely to counties and incorporated towns and authorized whatever actions had already been taken. Acts of Assembly in 1862 and 1863 expanded the localities' powers to provide for their needy, and in 1863 some minimal state assistance was added in. The Virginia General Assembly passed several Confederate pension acts beginning in 1888. The initial act provided pensions to Confederate soldiers, sailors, and marines disabled in action and to the widows of those killed in action. A 1900 act broadened the coverage to include veterans disabled by \"infirmities of age\" and widows whose husbands died after the war. African Americans who had served \"faithfully\" as servants, cooks, laborers, hostlers, or teamsters for the Confederate army were eligible for pensions beginning in 1924. District of Columbia residents became eligible in 1926; previously, all pension applicants were required to be residents of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History:  \u003c/title\u003e Frederick County was was named in honor of Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales and eldest son of King George II. It was formed from Orange County by a statute of 1738 that stipulated that when the population was large enough the new county government would begin to function. The county court first met on 11 November 1743. Part of Augusta County was added in 1754. The county seat is the city of Winchester.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Record Type:   Keeping large bodies of militia in the field required an elaborate system of support based on the purchase of goods and services from civilians, in addition to the usual pay and allowances to officers and soldiers. The result was the creation of a large number of records concerning the state's disbursements to both soldiers and civilians. Many claims for payment went unsatisfied until 1821. Locality military and pension records consist largely of pay and muster rolls, accounts and vouchers concerning supplies, claims for reimbursement for services rendered, and military pension applications. Pension applications summarize the applicant's service record and may include medical evaluations; information about income and property; and, in the case of widows, the date and place of marriages.","During the Revolutionary War, commissioners were appointed in each county to impress supplies and non-military services (such as driving cattle or wagons) for the war effort. Officials provided certificates or receipts so that individual suppliers could be reimbursed by the state government. Beginning in 1782, claims for reimbursement could be submitted to county courts. These \"publick claims,\" known as court booklets and lists, exist for almost all Virginia counties. Between 1777 and 1785, the Virginia General Assembly passed several laws authorizing pensions for disabled soldiers and for widows of soldiers who died while on active duty.","Throughout the Civil War, the principal responsibility for Virginia's indigent soldiers' families lay with the locality. The Virginia State Convention in 1861 gave the responsibility entirely to counties and incorporated towns and authorized whatever actions had already been taken. Acts of Assembly in 1862 and 1863 expanded the localities' powers to provide for their needy, and in 1863 some minimal state assistance was added in. The Virginia General Assembly passed several Confederate pension acts beginning in 1888. The initial act provided pensions to Confederate soldiers, sailors, and marines disabled in action and to the widows of those killed in action. A 1900 act broadened the coverage to include veterans disabled by \"infirmities of age\" and widows whose husbands died after the war. African Americans who had served \"faithfully\" as servants, cooks, laborers, hostlers, or teamsters for the Confederate army were eligible for pensions beginning in 1924. District of Columbia residents became eligible in 1926; previously, all pension applicants were required to be residents of Virginia.","Locality History:    Frederick County was was named in honor of Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales and eldest son of King George II. It was formed from Orange County by a statute of 1738 that stipulated that when the population was large enough the new county government would begin to function. The county court first met on 11 November 1743. Part of Augusta County was added in 1754. The county seat is the city of Winchester.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrederick County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, 1805-1907; undated. Local government records collection, Frederick County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia, 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Frederick County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, 1805-1907; undated. Local government records collection, Frederick County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia, 23219.\n"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMilitary and pension records, 1805-1907, were separated from Frederick County court records and processed by Library of Virginia staff.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe remaining military and pension records are still unprocessed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEncoded by M. Long: May 2024.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information\n"],"processinfo_tesim":["Military and pension records, 1805-1907, were separated from Frederick County court records and processed by Library of Virginia staff.","The remaining military and pension records are still unprocessed.","Encoded by M. Long: May 2024.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee also:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi03950.xml\"\u003eFrederick County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, 1820-1835\u003c/extref\u003e at the Library of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi02782.xml\"\u003eFrederick County (Va.) A list of such members who are by law exempted from military services viz. the people called Quakers, 1788\u003c/extref\u003e at the Library of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi05014.xml\"\u003eFrederick County (Va.) Roster of Ex-Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Living in the County of Frederick, Virginia, 1898\u003c/extref\u003e at the Library of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi04082.xml\"\u003eFrederick County (Va.) Muster Roll in the War with Germany, 1917-1922 (bulk 1917-1918)\n\u003c/extref\u003e at the Library of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional Frederick County Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia. Consult  \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.lib.va.us/whatwehave/local/local_rec/index.htm\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See also:","Frederick County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, 1820-1835  at the Library of Virginia.","Frederick County (Va.) A list of such members who are by law exempted from military services viz. the people called Quakers, 1788  at the Library of Virginia.","Frederick County (Va.) Roster of Ex-Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Living in the County of Frederick, Virginia, 1898  at the Library of Virginia.","Frederick County (Va.) Muster Roll in the War with Germany, 1917-1922 (bulk 1917-1918)\n  at the Library of Virginia.","Additional Frederick County Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia. Consult   \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\""],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e Frederick County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, 1805-1907; undated, consist of military service records, accounts and vouchers, and claims for reimbursement by civilians and service members. These include:\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCounty militia papers, 1805-1858, include militia commissions, officer recommendations, militia expenses for the 51st Regiment of the Virginia militia, and records for the 1822 court martial of Robert Gustin, commander of the 2nd Battalion of 39th Regiment of the Virginia militia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRevolutionary War certificates of service, 1812-1820, include certificates and claims for Revolutionary War federal pensions. Most certificates include regiment, commanding officer names, and other details about wartime service. Some certificates also contain details about property the applicant currently owns and debts owed as a way of proving current income. Several documents relate to the widows and heirs of soldiers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePension papers, 1816-1907, include mostly post-Revolutionary War pension applications, certificates, affidavits, and related records. Records relate primarily to Confederate veterans, but also encompass soldiers who fought in the War of 1812 and the widows and heirs of soldiers. Most papers include regiment, commanding officer names, and other details about wartime service. Notable records include the pension papers and service records for two free black soldiers who fought for the United States during the Civil War: Thomas Festus of the 30th United States Regiment of Colored Troops and William Alexander Jones of the 24th United States Regiment of Colored Troops. Also of note was the Confederate pension application of Levi Miller, an enslaved man who was brought into the Confederate Army by his enslaver and participated in several battles.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCommutation applications, 1873, consist of applications for commutation money and artifical limbs for Confederate soldiers wounded during the Civil War.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":[" Frederick County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, 1805-1907; undated, consist of military service records, accounts and vouchers, and claims for reimbursement by civilians and service members. These include:\n","County militia papers, 1805-1858, include militia commissions, officer recommendations, militia expenses for the 51st Regiment of the Virginia militia, and records for the 1822 court martial of Robert Gustin, commander of the 2nd Battalion of 39th Regiment of the Virginia militia.","Revolutionary War certificates of service, 1812-1820, include certificates and claims for Revolutionary War federal pensions. Most certificates include regiment, commanding officer names, and other details about wartime service. Some certificates also contain details about property the applicant currently owns and debts owed as a way of proving current income. Several documents relate to the widows and heirs of soldiers.","Pension papers, 1816-1907, include mostly post-Revolutionary War pension applications, certificates, affidavits, and related records. Records relate primarily to Confederate veterans, but also encompass soldiers who fought in the War of 1812 and the widows and heirs of soldiers. Most papers include regiment, commanding officer names, and other details about wartime service. Notable records include the pension papers and service records for two free black soldiers who fought for the United States during the Civil War: Thomas Festus of the 30th United States Regiment of Colored Troops and William Alexander Jones of the 24th United States Regiment of Colored Troops. Also of note was the Confederate pension application of Levi Miller, an enslaved man who was brought into the Confederate Army by his enslaver and participated in several battles.\n","Commutation applications, 1873, consist of applications for commutation money and artifical limbs for Confederate soldiers wounded during the Civil War."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":4,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:44:35.780Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi06414"}},{"id":"vi_vi05104","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Frederick County (Va.) 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Clerks would transfer information from minute books to appropriate order book, deed book, fiduciary book, free negro register, etc. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05104#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi05104","ead_ssi":"vi_vi05104","_root_":"vi_vi05104","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi05104","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi05104.xml","title_ssm":["Frederick County (Va.) Minute Books, \n1761-1858"],"title_tesim":["Frederick County (Va.) Minute Books, \n1761-1858"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1098855-1098894\n"],"text":["1098855-1098894\n","Frederick County (Va.) 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