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This bound register often coincided with a loose certificate containing largely the same identifying information. Both the registration system and the process of renewal was enforced differently in the various Virginia localities. Thus, the information found in these registers may differ from year to year and across localities.","The register books resulting from the administration of the 1793 and 1803 Act of Assembly are evidence of Virginia legislators' reaction to a quickly growing free Black and multiracial population in Virginia in the post Revolutionary War period. 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Addition records include affidavits or certificates swearing to or providing evidence of an individual's free status. Many of these document familial connections particularly based upon the legal status of the individual's mother."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e\n      "],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":4,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:10:05.867Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi01636","ead_ssi":"vi_vi01636","_root_":"vi_vi01636","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi01636","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi01636.xml","title_ssm":["Essex County (Va.) Record Related to the Registration of Free Persons, 1810-1861"],"title_tesim":["Essex County (Va.) Record Related to the Registration of Free Persons, 1810-1861"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Essex County (Va.) 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This bound register often coincided with a loose certificate containing largely the same identifying information. Both the registration system and the process of renewal was enforced differently in the various Virginia localities. Thus, the information found in these registers may differ from year to year and across localities.","The register books resulting from the administration of the 1793 and 1803 Act of Assembly are evidence of Virginia legislators' reaction to a quickly growing free Black and multiracial population in Virginia in the post Revolutionary War period. Acts such as these allowed white officials to police the activities and movement of free Black community members throughout the state thereby restricting their autonomy.","\"Free Negro\" Registrations","In 1793, the Virginia General Assembly specified that \"free Negroes or mulattoes\" were required to \"be registered and numbered in a book to be kept by the town clerk, which shall specify age, name, color, status and by whom, and in what court emancipated.\" These entries often coincided with the creation of a loose certificate containing largely the same identifying information.","Documents in this record group differ from the bound volumes referred to as \"registers.\" These registration records typically appear in the form of certificates or handwritten statements recording the free status of a Black or multiracial person. They can include the free person's name, sometimes age, a brief physical description, and the circumstances of the person's freedom or emancipation, parents, former enslaver, place or date of emancipation. There are also affidavits that were given by individuals affirming a free person's status, as well as written descriptions of free people. In some cases, a person would not have a registration to submit to the court. Instead they produced some other form of identification proving their free status, for example, a deed of emancipation, a will, an apprenticeship indenture, or an affidavit of someone testifying to their character and status.","Locality History Note: Essex County was named probably for the English county or perhaps for Algernon Capell, second earl of Essex. It was formed from Old Rappahannock County in 1692.","Essex County (Va.) 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The indexes list in alphabetical order by surname the names of registered free persons and the page number where their registration information can be found. The volume records the registration number, age, name, color, stature, marks or scars, in what court the person was emancipated or whether the person was born free. Some clerks recorded additional information not required by law. There are approximately 188 individuals recorded [No. 340-527].","\"Free Negroes\" Registration Records, 1812-1850, consist of 32 items. These records largely consist of loose registrations that contain the same information present in the two \"Register of Free Negroes\" volumes. Addition records include affidavits or certificates swearing to or providing evidence of an individual's free status. Many of these document familial connections particularly based upon the legal status of the individual's mother.","Library of Virginia","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Essex County (Va.) Record Related to the Registration of Free Persons, 1810-1861"],"collection_ssim":["Essex County (Va.) Record Related to the Registration of Free Persons, 1810-1861"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Essex County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"creator_ssim":["Essex County (Va.) 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Although some clerks were already recording such features, an 1834 Act of Assembly made it a uniform requirement to record identifying marks and scars and the instrument of emancipation, whether by deed or will. This bound register often coincided with a loose certificate containing largely the same identifying information. Both the registration system and the process of renewal was enforced differently in the various Virginia localities. Thus, the information found in these registers may differ from year to year and across localities.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n ","\u003cp\u003eThe register books resulting from the administration of the 1793 and 1803 Act of Assembly are evidence of Virginia legislators' reaction to a quickly growing free Black and multiracial population in Virginia in the post Revolutionary War period. 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Both the registration system and the process of renewal was enforced differently in the various Virginia localities. Thus, the information found in these registers may differ from year to year and across localities.","The register books resulting from the administration of the 1793 and 1803 Act of Assembly are evidence of Virginia legislators' reaction to a quickly growing free Black and multiracial population in Virginia in the post Revolutionary War period. 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They can include the free person's name, sometimes age, a brief physical description, and the circumstances of the person's freedom or emancipation, parents, former enslaver, place or date of emancipation. There are also affidavits that were given by individuals affirming a free person's status, as well as written descriptions of free people. In some cases, a person would not have a registration to submit to the court. Instead they produced some other form of identification proving their free status, for example, a deed of emancipation, a will, an apprenticeship indenture, or an affidavit of someone testifying to their character and status.","Locality History Note: Essex County was named probably for the English county or perhaps for Algernon Capell, second earl of Essex. It was formed from Old Rappahannock County in 1692."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEssex County (Va.) 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The indexes list in alphabetical order by surname the names of registered free persons and the page number where their registration information can be found. The volume records the registration number, age, name, color, stature, marks or scars, in what court the person was emancipated or whether the person was born free. Some clerks recorded additional information not required by law. There are approximately 188 individuals recorded [No. 340-527]. \u003c/p\u003e\n\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Free Negroes\" Registration Records, 1812-1850, consist of 32 items. These records largely consist of loose registrations that contain the same information present in the two \"Register of Free Negroes\" volumes. Addition records include affidavits or certificates swearing to or providing evidence of an individual's free status. 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