{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Essex+County+%28Va.%29+Circuit+Court.%0A\u0026page=1\u0026view=list","next":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Essex+County+%28Va.%29+Circuit+Court.%0A\u0026page=2\u0026view=list","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Essex+County+%28Va.%29+Circuit+Court.%0A\u0026page=3\u0026view=list"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":2,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":3,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":23,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vi_vi05215","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Essex County (Va.) Bonds/Comissions/Oaths, \n1678-1909 circa","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05215#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Essex County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05215#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eEssex County (Va.) Bonds/Comissions/Oaths, 1678-1909 circa, typically consist of bonds, commissions, oaths, certificates, and appointments related to holding public office. Some collections can include ministers' bonds. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05215#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi05215","ead_ssi":"vi_vi05215","_root_":"vi_vi05215","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi05215","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi05215.xml","title_ssm":["Essex County (Va.) Bonds/Comissions/Oaths, \n1678-1909 circa"],"title_tesim":["Essex County (Va.) Bonds/Comissions/Oaths, \n1678-1909 circa"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1042696, 1137613-1137615 circa "],"text":["1042696, 1137613-1137615 circa ","Essex County (Va.) Bonds/Comissions/Oaths, \n1678-1909 circa","Oaths -- Virginia -- Essex County.","Public officers -- Virginia -- Essex County.","Appointments -- Virginia -- Essex County.","Local government records -- Virginia -- Essex County.","Oaths -- Virginia -- Essex County.","Performance bonds -- Virginia -- Essex County.","4 boxes","There are no restrictions.\n","Essex County probably was named for the English county.  It was formed from old Rappahannock County in 1692.  Its area is 261 square miles, and the county seat is Tappahannock.         \n","Additional Essex County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  found on the Library of Virginia's web site.\n","Essex County (Va.) 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It was formed from old Rappahannock County in 1692.  Its area is 261 square miles, and the county seat is Tappahannock.         \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Essex County probably was named for the English county.  It was formed from old Rappahannock County in 1692.  Its area is 261 square miles, and the county seat is Tappahannock.         \n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEssex County (Va.) Bonds/Comissions/Oaths, 1678-1909 circa.  Local government records collection, Essex County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Essex County (Va.) Bonds/Comissions/Oaths, 1678-1909 circa.  Local government records collection, Essex County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia 23219.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Essex County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"\u003c/extref\u003e found on the Library of Virginia's web site.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Essex County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  found on the Library of Virginia's web site.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEssex County (Va.) Bonds/Comissions/Oaths, 1678-1909 circa, typically consist of bonds, commissions, oaths, certificates, and appointments related to holding public office. Some collections can include ministers' bonds. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Essex County (Va.) Bonds/Comissions/Oaths, 1678-1909 circa, typically consist of bonds, commissions, oaths, certificates, and appointments related to holding public office. Some collections can include ministers' bonds. \n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Essex County (Va.). Circuit Court"],"corpname_ssim":["Essex County (Va.). Circuit Court"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T11:07:59.845Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi05215","ead_ssi":"vi_vi05215","_root_":"vi_vi05215","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi05215","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi05215.xml","title_ssm":["Essex County (Va.) Bonds/Comissions/Oaths, \n1678-1909 circa"],"title_tesim":["Essex County (Va.) Bonds/Comissions/Oaths, \n1678-1909 circa"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1042696, 1137613-1137615 circa "],"text":["1042696, 1137613-1137615 circa ","Essex County (Va.) Bonds/Comissions/Oaths, \n1678-1909 circa","Oaths -- Virginia -- Essex County.","Public officers -- Virginia -- Essex County.","Appointments -- Virginia -- Essex County.","Local government records -- Virginia -- Essex County.","Oaths -- Virginia -- Essex County.","Performance bonds -- Virginia -- Essex County.","4 boxes","There are no restrictions.\n","Essex County probably was named for the English county.  It was formed from old Rappahannock County in 1692.  Its area is 261 square miles, and the county seat is Tappahannock.         \n","Additional Essex County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  found on the Library of Virginia's web site.\n","Essex County (Va.) Bonds/Comissions/Oaths, 1678-1909 circa, typically consist of bonds, commissions, oaths, certificates, and appointments related to holding public office. Some collections can include ministers' bonds. \n","There are no restrictions.\n","Library of Virginia\n","Essex County (Va.). Circuit Court","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1042696, 1137613-1137615 circa "],"normalized_title_ssm":["Essex County (Va.) Bonds/Comissions/Oaths, \n1678-1909 circa"],"collection_title_tesim":["Essex County (Va.) Bonds/Comissions/Oaths, \n1678-1909 circa"],"collection_ssim":["Essex County (Va.) Bonds/Comissions/Oaths, \n1678-1909 circa"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Essex County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"creator_ssim":["Essex County (Va.) 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It was formed from old Rappahannock County in 1692.  Its area is 261 square miles, and the county seat is Tappahannock.         \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Essex County probably was named for the English county.  It was formed from old Rappahannock County in 1692.  Its area is 261 square miles, and the county seat is Tappahannock.         \n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEssex County (Va.) Bonds/Comissions/Oaths, 1678-1909 circa.  Local government records collection, Essex County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Essex County (Va.) Bonds/Comissions/Oaths, 1678-1909 circa.  Local government records collection, Essex County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia 23219.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Essex County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"\u003c/extref\u003e found on the Library of Virginia's web site.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Essex County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  found on the Library of Virginia's web site.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEssex County (Va.) Bonds/Comissions/Oaths, 1678-1909 circa, typically consist of bonds, commissions, oaths, certificates, and appointments related to holding public office. Some collections can include ministers' bonds. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Essex County (Va.) Bonds/Comissions/Oaths, 1678-1909 circa, typically consist of bonds, commissions, oaths, certificates, and appointments related to holding public office. Some collections can include ministers' bonds. \n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Essex County (Va.). Circuit Court"],"corpname_ssim":["Essex County (Va.). Circuit Court"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T11:07:59.845Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05215"}},{"id":"vi_vi03689","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Essex County (Va.) Bonds/Commissions/Oaths,\n1678-1909","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03689#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Essex County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03689#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eEssex County (Va.) Bonds/Commissions/Oaths consist of a Bond Book, 1816-1817 and 1820-1825 and 4 Hollinger boxes of various category types with dates ranging from 1678-1909. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03689#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi03689","ead_ssi":"vi_vi03689","_root_":"vi_vi03689","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi03689","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi03689.xml","title_ssm":["Essex County (Va.) Bonds/Commissions/Oaths,\n1678-1909"],"title_tesim":["Essex County (Va.) Bonds/Commissions/Oaths,\n1678-1909"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1101666,1042696, 1137613-1137615\n"],"text":["1101666,1042696, 1137613-1137615\n","Essex County (Va.) Bonds/Commissions/Oaths,\n1678-1909","Public records--Virginia--Essex County.","Local government records--Virginia--Essex County.","1 v; 4 boxes (3.6 cu.ft.)","There are no restrictions.\n","Essex County was formed from old Rappahannock County in 1692. The county was probably named for the English county or perhaps for Algernon Capell, second earl of Essex.\n","Additional Essex County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  found on the Library of Virginia's web site.\n","Essex County (Va.) Bonds/Commissions/Oaths consist of a Bond Book, 1816-1817 and 1820-1825 and 4 Hollinger boxes of various category types with dates ranging from 1678-1909.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","State Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n","Essex County (Va.) Circuit Court.","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1101666,1042696, 1137613-1137615\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Essex County (Va.) Bonds/Commissions/Oaths,\n1678-1909"],"collection_title_tesim":["Essex County (Va.) Bonds/Commissions/Oaths,\n1678-1909"],"collection_ssim":["Essex County (Va.) Bonds/Commissions/Oaths,\n1678-1909"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Essex County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"creator_ssim":["Essex County (Va.) 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The county was probably named for the English county or perhaps for Algernon Capell, second earl of Essex.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Essex County was formed from old Rappahannock County in 1692. The county was probably named for the English county or perhaps for Algernon Capell, second earl of Essex.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEssex County (Va.) Bonds/Commissions/Oaths, 1678-1909.  Local government records, Essex County Court Records.  The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va.  23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Essex County (Va.) Bonds/Commissions/Oaths, 1678-1909.  Local government records, Essex County Court Records.  The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va.  23219.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Essex County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA079\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"\u003c/extref\u003e found on the Library of Virginia's web site.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Essex County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  found on the Library of Virginia's web site.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEssex County (Va.) Bonds/Commissions/Oaths consist of a Bond Book, 1816-1817 and 1820-1825 and 4 Hollinger boxes of various category types with dates ranging from 1678-1909.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Essex County (Va.) Bonds/Commissions/Oaths consist of a Bond Book, 1816-1817 and 1820-1825 and 4 Hollinger boxes of various category types with dates ranging from 1678-1909.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eState Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["State Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Essex County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"corpname_ssim":["Essex County (Va.) 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The county was probably named for the English county or perhaps for Algernon Capell, second earl of Essex.\n","Additional Essex County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  found on the Library of Virginia's web site.\n","Essex County (Va.) Bonds/Commissions/Oaths consist of a Bond Book, 1816-1817 and 1820-1825 and 4 Hollinger boxes of various category types with dates ranging from 1678-1909.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","State Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n","Essex County (Va.) Circuit Court.","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1101666,1042696, 1137613-1137615\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Essex County (Va.) Bonds/Commissions/Oaths,\n1678-1909"],"collection_title_tesim":["Essex County (Va.) Bonds/Commissions/Oaths,\n1678-1909"],"collection_ssim":["Essex County (Va.) Bonds/Commissions/Oaths,\n1678-1909"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Essex County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"creator_ssim":["Essex County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court records from Essex County.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Public records--Virginia--Essex County.","Local government records--Virginia--Essex County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Public records--Virginia--Essex County.","Local government records--Virginia--Essex County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["1 v; 4 boxes (3.6 cu.ft.)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEssex County was formed from old Rappahannock County in 1692. The county was probably named for the English county or perhaps for Algernon Capell, second earl of Essex.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Essex County was formed from old Rappahannock County in 1692. The county was probably named for the English county or perhaps for Algernon Capell, second earl of Essex.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEssex County (Va.) Bonds/Commissions/Oaths, 1678-1909.  Local government records, Essex County Court Records.  The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va.  23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Essex County (Va.) Bonds/Commissions/Oaths, 1678-1909.  Local government records, Essex County Court Records.  The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va.  23219.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Essex County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA079\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"\u003c/extref\u003e found on the Library of Virginia's web site.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Essex County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  found on the Library of Virginia's web site.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEssex County (Va.) Bonds/Commissions/Oaths consist of a Bond Book, 1816-1817 and 1820-1825 and 4 Hollinger boxes of various category types with dates ranging from 1678-1909.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Essex County (Va.) Bonds/Commissions/Oaths consist of a Bond Book, 1816-1817 and 1820-1825 and 4 Hollinger boxes of various category types with dates ranging from 1678-1909.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eState Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["State Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Essex County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"corpname_ssim":["Essex County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T08:55:41.608Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03689"}},{"id":"vi_vi03691","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Essex County (Va.) Chancery Dockets, Vols. 1-2, \n1831-1847","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03691#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Essex County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03691#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eEssex County (Va.) Chancery Dockets, Vols. 1-2, date from 1831-1847. A chancery docket is a brief formal record of proceedings in a court of judicial equity; an entry of all acts in the conduct of a case, from inception to conclusion. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03691#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi03691","ead_ssi":"vi_vi03691","_root_":"vi_vi03691","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi03691","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi03691.xml","title_ssm":["Essex County (Va.) Chancery Dockets, Vols. 1-2, \n1831-1847"],"title_tesim":["Essex County (Va.) Chancery Dockets, Vols. 1-2, \n1831-1847"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1101663-1101664\n"],"text":["1101663-1101664\n","Essex County (Va.) Chancery Dockets, Vols. 1-2, \n1831-1847","Public records--Virginia--Essex County.","Local government records--Virginia--Essex County.","2 vols.","There are no restrictions.\n","Essex County was formed from old Rappahannock County in 1692. The county was probably named for the English county or perhaps for Algernon Capell, second earl of Essex.\n","These volumes were originally created by the Circuit Superior Court of Law and Chancery.\n","Additional Essex County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  found on the Library of Virginia's web site.\n","Essex County (Va.) Chancery Dockets, Vols. 1-2, date from 1831-1847. 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The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va.  23219.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Essex County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA079\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"\u003c/extref\u003e found on the Library of Virginia's web site.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Essex County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  found on the Library of Virginia's web site.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEssex County (Va.) Chancery Dockets, Vols. 1-2, date from 1831-1847. 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The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va.  23219.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Essex County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA079\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"\u003c/extref\u003e found on the Library of Virginia's web site.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Essex County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  found on the Library of Virginia's web site.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEssex County (Va.) Chancery Dockets, Vols. 1-2, date from 1831-1847. 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The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Essex County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA079\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"\u003c/extref\u003e found on the Library of Virginia's web site.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Essex County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  found on the Library of Virginia's web site.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEssex County (Va.) 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The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Essex County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA079\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"\u003c/extref\u003e found on the Library of Virginia's web site.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Essex County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  found on the Library of Virginia's web site.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEssex County (Va.) 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County Court Records, 1695-1874,undated, found at the State Records Center include 3 Order Books (one of which is a transcript), 1 Order Book which also contains a List of Acting Magistrates, Judgment Rule Books, Vols. 3-5, 1 Rule Book, 1 Chancery Reference Book, 1 undated Index to Execution Books and Execution Books, Vols 1-9.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eState Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia (Boxes 1042680-1042689, 1137633-1137638) are found at the Library of Virginia.)\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["State Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia (Boxes 1042680-1042689, 1137633-1137638) are found at the Library of Virginia.)\n"],"names_ssim":["Essex County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Essex County (Va.) 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Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA079\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"\u003c/extref\u003e found on the Library of Virginia's web site.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Essex County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  found on the Library of Virginia's web site.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEssex County (Va.) Court Records are comprised of the following: Unprocessed Executions, 1765-1846; a Chancery Rule Docket, 1831-1888 and a Chancery Docket, Vol. 2, 1848-1862.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA chancery docket is a brief formal record of proceedings in a court of judicial equity; an entry of all acts in the conduct of a case, from inception to conclusion. 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Local government records collection, Essex County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Essex County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA079\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"\u003c/extref\u003e found on the Library of Virginia's web site.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Essex County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  found on the Library of Virginia's web site.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEssex County (Va.) 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Baylor of Essex County and Baynham Baylor and Eliza F. of the borough of Norfolk and Daniel Dejarnett of Caroline County.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","Library of Virginia\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1117612\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Essex County (Va.) Deed from Richard Baylor etc to Daniel Dejarnett, \n1838 February"],"collection_title_tesim":["Essex County (Va.) Deed from Richard Baylor etc to Daniel Dejarnett, \n1838 February"],"collection_ssim":["Essex County (Va.) Deed from Richard Baylor etc to Daniel Dejarnett, \n1838 February"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Essex County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"creator_ssim":["Essex County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This item came to the Library of Virginia under the accession number 50744.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Essex County (Va.). Circuit Court.","Deeds -- Virginia -- Essex County.","Deeds -- Virginia -- Essex County.","Land Records -- Virginia -- Essex County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Essex County (Va.). Circuit Court.","Deeds -- Virginia -- Essex County.","Deeds -- Virginia -- Essex County.","Land Records -- Virginia -- Essex County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["1 p."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEssex County was named for the English county. It was formed from old Rappahannock County in 1692.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Essex County was named for the English county. It was formed from old Rappahannock County in 1692.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEssex County (Va.) Deed from Richard Baylor etc to Daniel Dejarnett, 1838 February. Local government records collection, Essex County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Essex County (Va.) Deed from Richard Baylor etc to Daniel Dejarnett, 1838 February. Local government records collection, Essex County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia 23219.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEssex County (Va.) Deed from Richard Baylor etc to Daniel Dejarnett, 1838 February, is a deed for 391 1/2 acres of land between Richard Baylor, Lucy his wife, William Baylor and Alexander F. Baylor of Essex County and Baynham Baylor and Eliza F. of the borough of Norfolk and Daniel Dejarnett of Caroline County.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Essex County (Va.) Deed from Richard Baylor etc to Daniel Dejarnett, 1838 February, is a deed for 391 1/2 acres of land between Richard Baylor, Lucy his wife, William Baylor and Alexander F. Baylor of Essex County and Baynham Baylor and Eliza F. of the borough of Norfolk and Daniel Dejarnett of Caroline County.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:32:42.779Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03839"}},{"id":"vi_vi06326","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Essex County (Va.) Deeds of Emancipation,\n1848","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi06326#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Essex County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi06326#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi06326#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi06326","ead_ssi":"vi_vi06326","_root_":"vi_vi06326","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi06326","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi06326.xml","title_ssm":["Essex County (Va.) Deeds of Emancipation,\n1848"],"title_tesim":["Essex County (Va.) Deeds of Emancipation,\n1848"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":[""],"text":["","Essex County (Va.) Deeds of Emancipation,\n1848",".","Collection is open to research.\n","This collection is arranged Series I: Deeds of Emancipation, 1848, arranged chronologically"," chronologically\n","Context of Record Type:  Deeds of emancipation and manumission record an enslavers' intent to emancipate enslaved people from bondage. Some of the earliest legal manumissions in Virginia occurred in the early 1770s. However, there was a sharp rise following the 1782 manumission act that allowed enslavers to privately emancipate enslaved people \"by last will and testament or other instrument in writing sealed.\" They were no longer required to seek a special act from the General Assembly. These documents sometimes include an enslavers' intent for emancipation ranging from religious and moral motivations to binding legal agreements.","Deeds of emancipation and manumission essentially provide the same information and there is little difference between the two. Both include the name of the enslaver, the name of the enslaved person to be freed, the date of anticipated freedom, the date the manumission was proved or certified, and as mentioned, sometimes a reason why the enslaver decided to emancipate the enslaved person. In a deed of manumission, an enslaver directly freed an enslaved person by manumission. In a deed of emancipation, an enslaved person could be freed after the enslaver's death by those executing a last will and testament. This collection also includes court orders that record the date or age when enslaved individuals were to be emancipated by deed as stipulated in an enslaver's will.","Locality History Note:  Essex County was named probably for the English county or perhaps for Algernon Capell, second earl of Essex. It was formed from Old Rappahannock County in 1692. ","Deeds of Emancipation, 1848, were removed from the larger Essex County (Va.) Free and Enslaved records and moved to this Essex County (Va.) Deeds of Emancipation, 1848, in 2024 \n","These records were processed and indexed by LVA staff for the purposes of digitizing them for the digital project Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative.","Encoded by  M. Mason, May 2024","\nSee also:  Essex County (Va.) Free and Enslaved Records, 1714-1857 ","Records related to free and enslaved people of Essex County (Va.) and other localities are available through the  Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection   on the Library of Virginia website.","Additional Essex County (Va.) court records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Essex County (Va.) Deeds of Emancipation, 1848, consists of one deed, 1848, of Alexander T. Baylor  emancipating Matilda Gains and her two children William and Alexander.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","","Library of Virginia\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":[""],"normalized_title_ssm":["Essex County (Va.) Deeds of Emancipation,\n1848"],"collection_title_tesim":["Essex County (Va.) Deeds of Emancipation,\n1848"],"collection_ssim":["Essex County (Va.) Deeds of Emancipation,\n1848"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Essex County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"creator_ssim":["Essex County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This record came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Essex County in an undated accession.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["."],"extent_ssm":["1 item"],"extent_tesim":["1 item"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries I: Deeds of Emancipation, 1848, arranged chronologically\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e chronologically\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged Series I: Deeds of Emancipation, 1848, arranged chronologically"," chronologically\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eContext of Record Type:\u003c/emph\u003e Deeds of emancipation and manumission record an enslavers' intent to emancipate enslaved people from bondage. Some of the earliest legal manumissions in Virginia occurred in the early 1770s. However, there was a sharp rise following the 1782 manumission act that allowed enslavers to privately emancipate enslaved people \"by last will and testament or other instrument in writing sealed.\" They were no longer required to seek a special act from the General Assembly. These documents sometimes include an enslavers' intent for emancipation ranging from religious and moral motivations to binding legal agreements.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDeeds of emancipation and manumission essentially provide the same information and there is little difference between the two. Both include the name of the enslaver, the name of the enslaved person to be freed, the date of anticipated freedom, the date the manumission was proved or certified, and as mentioned, sometimes a reason why the enslaver decided to emancipate the enslaved person. In a deed of manumission, an enslaver directly freed an enslaved person by manumission. In a deed of emancipation, an enslaved person could be freed after the enslaver's death by those executing a last will and testament. This collection also includes court orders that record the date or age when enslaved individuals were to be emancipated by deed as stipulated in an enslaver's will.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History Note:\u003c/emph\u003e Essex County was named probably for the English county or perhaps for Algernon Capell, second earl of Essex. It was formed from Old Rappahannock County in 1692. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context of Record Type:  Deeds of emancipation and manumission record an enslavers' intent to emancipate enslaved people from bondage. Some of the earliest legal manumissions in Virginia occurred in the early 1770s. However, there was a sharp rise following the 1782 manumission act that allowed enslavers to privately emancipate enslaved people \"by last will and testament or other instrument in writing sealed.\" They were no longer required to seek a special act from the General Assembly. These documents sometimes include an enslavers' intent for emancipation ranging from religious and moral motivations to binding legal agreements.","Deeds of emancipation and manumission essentially provide the same information and there is little difference between the two. Both include the name of the enslaver, the name of the enslaved person to be freed, the date of anticipated freedom, the date the manumission was proved or certified, and as mentioned, sometimes a reason why the enslaver decided to emancipate the enslaved person. In a deed of manumission, an enslaver directly freed an enslaved person by manumission. In a deed of emancipation, an enslaved person could be freed after the enslaver's death by those executing a last will and testament. This collection also includes court orders that record the date or age when enslaved individuals were to be emancipated by deed as stipulated in an enslaver's will.","Locality History Note:  Essex County was named probably for the English county or perhaps for Algernon Capell, second earl of Essex. It was formed from Old Rappahannock County in 1692. "],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEssex County (Va.) Deeds of Emancipation, 1848. Local Government Records Collection, city of Essex County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Essex County (Va.) Deeds of Emancipation, 1848. Local Government Records Collection, city of Essex County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDeeds of Emancipation, 1848, were removed from the larger Essex County (Va.) Free and Enslaved records and moved to this Essex County (Va.) Deeds of Emancipation, 1848, in 2024 \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese records were processed and indexed by LVA staff for the purposes of digitizing them for the digital project Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEncoded by  M. Mason, May 2024\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information\n"],"processinfo_tesim":["Deeds of Emancipation, 1848, were removed from the larger Essex County (Va.) Free and Enslaved records and moved to this Essex County (Va.) Deeds of Emancipation, 1848, in 2024 \n","These records were processed and indexed by LVA staff for the purposes of digitizing them for the digital project Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative.","Encoded by  M. Mason, May 2024"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nSee also: \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi01637.xml\"\u003eEssex County (Va.) Free and Enslaved Records, 1714-1857 \u003c/extref\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords related to free and enslaved people of Essex County (Va.) and other localities are available through the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/aan\"\u003eVirginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection \u003c/extref\u003e on the Library of Virginia website.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional Essex County (Va.) court records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA131\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["\nSee also:  Essex County (Va.) Free and Enslaved Records, 1714-1857 ","Records related to free and enslaved people of Essex County (Va.) and other localities are available through the  Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection   on the Library of Virginia website.","Additional Essex County (Va.) court records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\""],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEssex County (Va.) Deeds of Emancipation, 1848, consists of one deed, 1848, of Alexander T. Baylor  emancipating Matilda Gains and her two children William and Alexander.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Essex County (Va.) Deeds of Emancipation, 1848, consists of one deed, 1848, of Alexander T. Baylor  emancipating Matilda Gains and her two children William and Alexander.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003e\n\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":[""],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T11:40:21.588Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi06326","ead_ssi":"vi_vi06326","_root_":"vi_vi06326","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi06326","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi06326.xml","title_ssm":["Essex County (Va.) Deeds of Emancipation,\n1848"],"title_tesim":["Essex County (Va.) Deeds of Emancipation,\n1848"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":[""],"text":["","Essex County (Va.) Deeds of Emancipation,\n1848",".","Collection is open to research.\n","This collection is arranged Series I: Deeds of Emancipation, 1848, arranged chronologically"," chronologically\n","Context of Record Type:  Deeds of emancipation and manumission record an enslavers' intent to emancipate enslaved people from bondage. Some of the earliest legal manumissions in Virginia occurred in the early 1770s. However, there was a sharp rise following the 1782 manumission act that allowed enslavers to privately emancipate enslaved people \"by last will and testament or other instrument in writing sealed.\" They were no longer required to seek a special act from the General Assembly. These documents sometimes include an enslavers' intent for emancipation ranging from religious and moral motivations to binding legal agreements.","Deeds of emancipation and manumission essentially provide the same information and there is little difference between the two. Both include the name of the enslaver, the name of the enslaved person to be freed, the date of anticipated freedom, the date the manumission was proved or certified, and as mentioned, sometimes a reason why the enslaver decided to emancipate the enslaved person. In a deed of manumission, an enslaver directly freed an enslaved person by manumission. In a deed of emancipation, an enslaved person could be freed after the enslaver's death by those executing a last will and testament. This collection also includes court orders that record the date or age when enslaved individuals were to be emancipated by deed as stipulated in an enslaver's will.","Locality History Note:  Essex County was named probably for the English county or perhaps for Algernon Capell, second earl of Essex. It was formed from Old Rappahannock County in 1692. ","Deeds of Emancipation, 1848, were removed from the larger Essex County (Va.) Free and Enslaved records and moved to this Essex County (Va.) Deeds of Emancipation, 1848, in 2024 \n","These records were processed and indexed by LVA staff for the purposes of digitizing them for the digital project Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative.","Encoded by  M. Mason, May 2024","\nSee also:  Essex County (Va.) Free and Enslaved Records, 1714-1857 ","Records related to free and enslaved people of Essex County (Va.) and other localities are available through the  Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection   on the Library of Virginia website.","Additional Essex County (Va.) court records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Essex County (Va.) Deeds of Emancipation, 1848, consists of one deed, 1848, of Alexander T. Baylor  emancipating Matilda Gains and her two children William and Alexander.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","","Library of Virginia\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":[""],"normalized_title_ssm":["Essex County (Va.) Deeds of Emancipation,\n1848"],"collection_title_tesim":["Essex County (Va.) Deeds of Emancipation,\n1848"],"collection_ssim":["Essex County (Va.) Deeds of Emancipation,\n1848"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Essex County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"creator_ssim":["Essex County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This record came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Essex County in an undated accession.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["."],"extent_ssm":["1 item"],"extent_tesim":["1 item"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries I: Deeds of Emancipation, 1848, arranged chronologically\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e chronologically\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged Series I: Deeds of Emancipation, 1848, arranged chronologically"," chronologically\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eContext of Record Type:\u003c/emph\u003e Deeds of emancipation and manumission record an enslavers' intent to emancipate enslaved people from bondage. Some of the earliest legal manumissions in Virginia occurred in the early 1770s. However, there was a sharp rise following the 1782 manumission act that allowed enslavers to privately emancipate enslaved people \"by last will and testament or other instrument in writing sealed.\" They were no longer required to seek a special act from the General Assembly. These documents sometimes include an enslavers' intent for emancipation ranging from religious and moral motivations to binding legal agreements.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDeeds of emancipation and manumission essentially provide the same information and there is little difference between the two. Both include the name of the enslaver, the name of the enslaved person to be freed, the date of anticipated freedom, the date the manumission was proved or certified, and as mentioned, sometimes a reason why the enslaver decided to emancipate the enslaved person. In a deed of manumission, an enslaver directly freed an enslaved person by manumission. In a deed of emancipation, an enslaved person could be freed after the enslaver's death by those executing a last will and testament. This collection also includes court orders that record the date or age when enslaved individuals were to be emancipated by deed as stipulated in an enslaver's will.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History Note:\u003c/emph\u003e Essex County was named probably for the English county or perhaps for Algernon Capell, second earl of Essex. It was formed from Old Rappahannock County in 1692. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context of Record Type:  Deeds of emancipation and manumission record an enslavers' intent to emancipate enslaved people from bondage. Some of the earliest legal manumissions in Virginia occurred in the early 1770s. However, there was a sharp rise following the 1782 manumission act that allowed enslavers to privately emancipate enslaved people \"by last will and testament or other instrument in writing sealed.\" They were no longer required to seek a special act from the General Assembly. These documents sometimes include an enslavers' intent for emancipation ranging from religious and moral motivations to binding legal agreements.","Deeds of emancipation and manumission essentially provide the same information and there is little difference between the two. Both include the name of the enslaver, the name of the enslaved person to be freed, the date of anticipated freedom, the date the manumission was proved or certified, and as mentioned, sometimes a reason why the enslaver decided to emancipate the enslaved person. In a deed of manumission, an enslaver directly freed an enslaved person by manumission. In a deed of emancipation, an enslaved person could be freed after the enslaver's death by those executing a last will and testament. This collection also includes court orders that record the date or age when enslaved individuals were to be emancipated by deed as stipulated in an enslaver's will.","Locality History Note:  Essex County was named probably for the English county or perhaps for Algernon Capell, second earl of Essex. It was formed from Old Rappahannock County in 1692. "],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEssex County (Va.) Deeds of Emancipation, 1848. Local Government Records Collection, city of Essex County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Essex County (Va.) Deeds of Emancipation, 1848. Local Government Records Collection, city of Essex County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDeeds of Emancipation, 1848, were removed from the larger Essex County (Va.) Free and Enslaved records and moved to this Essex County (Va.) Deeds of Emancipation, 1848, in 2024 \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese records were processed and indexed by LVA staff for the purposes of digitizing them for the digital project Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEncoded by  M. Mason, May 2024\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information\n"],"processinfo_tesim":["Deeds of Emancipation, 1848, were removed from the larger Essex County (Va.) Free and Enslaved records and moved to this Essex County (Va.) Deeds of Emancipation, 1848, in 2024 \n","These records were processed and indexed by LVA staff for the purposes of digitizing them for the digital project Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative.","Encoded by  M. Mason, May 2024"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nSee also: \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi01637.xml\"\u003eEssex County (Va.) Free and Enslaved Records, 1714-1857 \u003c/extref\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords related to free and enslaved people of Essex County (Va.) and other localities are available through the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/aan\"\u003eVirginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection \u003c/extref\u003e on the Library of Virginia website.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional Essex County (Va.) court records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA131\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["\nSee also:  Essex County (Va.) Free and Enslaved Records, 1714-1857 ","Records related to free and enslaved people of Essex County (Va.) and other localities are available through the  Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection   on the Library of Virginia website.","Additional Essex County (Va.) court records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\""],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEssex County (Va.) Deeds of Emancipation, 1848, consists of one deed, 1848, of Alexander T. Baylor  emancipating Matilda Gains and her two children William and Alexander.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Essex County (Va.) Deeds of Emancipation, 1848, consists of one deed, 1848, of Alexander T. Baylor  emancipating Matilda Gains and her two children William and Alexander.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003e\n\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":[""],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T11:40:21.588Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi06326"}},{"id":"vi_vi03694","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Essex County (Va.) 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The county was probably named for the English county or perhaps for Algernon Capell, second earl of Essex.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEssex County (Va.) Election Records, 1741-1912.  Local government records collection, Essex County Court Records.  The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va.  23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Essex County (Va.) Election Records, 1741-1912.  Local government records collection, Essex County Court Records.  The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va.  23219.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Essex County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA079\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"\u003c/extref\u003e found on the Library of Virginia's web site.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Essex County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  found on the Library of Virginia's web site.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEssex County (Va.) Election Records date from 1741-1912 and cover a variety of record types.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Essex County (Va.) 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Election Records, \n1741-1912"],"title_tesim":["Essex County (Va.) Election Records, \n1741-1912"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1137630\n"],"text":["1137630\n","Essex County (Va.) Election Records, \n1741-1912","Public records--Virginia--Essex County.","Local government records--Virginia--Essex County.","1 box","There are no restrictions.\n","Essex County was formed from old Rappahannock County in 1692. The county was probably named for the English county or perhaps for Algernon Capell, second earl of Essex.\n","Additional Essex County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  found on the Library of Virginia's web site.\n","Essex County (Va.) Election Records date from 1741-1912 and cover a variety of record types.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","State Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n","Essex County (Va.) Circuit Court.","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1137630\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Essex County (Va.) Election Records, \n1741-1912"],"collection_title_tesim":["Essex County (Va.) Election Records, \n1741-1912"],"collection_ssim":["Essex County (Va.) Election Records, \n1741-1912"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Essex County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"creator_ssim":["Essex County (Va.) 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The county was probably named for the English county or perhaps for Algernon Capell, second earl of Essex.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEssex County (Va.) Election Records, 1741-1912.  Local government records collection, Essex County Court Records.  The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va.  23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Essex County (Va.) Election Records, 1741-1912.  Local government records collection, Essex County Court Records.  The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va.  23219.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Essex County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA079\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"\u003c/extref\u003e found on the Library of Virginia's web site.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Essex County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  found on the Library of Virginia's web site.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEssex County (Va.) Election Records date from 1741-1912 and cover a variety of record types.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Essex County (Va.) Election Records date from 1741-1912 and cover a variety of record types.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eState Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["State Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Essex County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"corpname_ssim":["Essex County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T08:55:53.741Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03694"}},{"id":"vi_vi03695","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Essex County (Va.) Fiduciary Records, \n1678-1913 (bulk 1730-1913)","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03695#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Essex County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03695#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eEssex County (Va.) Fiduciary Records, 1678-1913 (bulk 1730-1913) are comprised of the following: 2 boxes of Estate Inventories, 12 boxes of various types of records related to the category (including Appraisements and Bonds), a Guardians' Book and a Record of Guardians' Bonds. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03695#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi03695","ead_ssi":"vi_vi03695","_root_":"vi_vi03695","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi03695","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi03695.xml","title_ssm":["Essex County (Va.) Fiduciary Records, \n1678-1913 (bulk 1730-1913)"],"title_tesim":["Essex County (Va.) Fiduciary Records, \n1678-1913 (bulk 1730-1913)"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1042692, 1042694, 1137616-1137627, 1101653-1101654\n"],"text":["1042692, 1042694, 1137616-1137627, 1101653-1101654\n","Essex County (Va.) Fiduciary Records, \n1678-1913 (bulk 1730-1913)","Public records--Virginia--Essex County.","Local government records--Virginia--Essex County.","14 boxes and 2 v. (1101653-1101654 are found at the State Records Center.)","There are no restrictions.\n","Essex County was formed from old Rappahannock County in 1692. The county was probably named for the English county or perhaps for Algernon Capell, second earl of Essex.\n","These records were originally created, in part, by the County Court.\n","Additional Essex County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  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Circuit Court.\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The boxes and volumes came to the Library of Virginia in a shipment of court records from Essex County.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Public records--Virginia--Essex County.","Local government records--Virginia--Essex County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Public records--Virginia--Essex County.","Local government records--Virginia--Essex County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["14 boxes and 2 v. (1101653-1101654 are found at the State Records Center.)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEssex County was formed from old Rappahannock County in 1692. 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The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Essex County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA079\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"\u003c/extref\u003e found on the Library of Virginia's web site.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Essex County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  found on the Library of Virginia's web site.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEssex County (Va.) 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Circuit Court.\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The boxes and volumes came to the Library of Virginia in a shipment of court records from Essex County.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Public records--Virginia--Essex County.","Local government records--Virginia--Essex County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Public records--Virginia--Essex County.","Local government records--Virginia--Essex County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["14 boxes and 2 v. (1101653-1101654 are found at the State Records Center.)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEssex County was formed from old Rappahannock County in 1692. The county was probably named for the English county or perhaps for Algernon Capell, second earl of Essex.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese records were originally created, in part, by the County Court.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Essex County was formed from old Rappahannock County in 1692. The county was probably named for the English county or perhaps for Algernon Capell, second earl of Essex.\n","These records were originally created, in part, by the County Court.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEssex County (Va.) Fiduciary Records, 1678-1913 (bulk 1730-1913.) Local government records collection, Essex County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Essex County (Va.) Fiduciary Records, 1678-1913 (bulk 1730-1913.) Local government records collection, Essex County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Essex County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA079\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"\u003c/extref\u003e found on the Library of Virginia's web site.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Essex County Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  found on the Library of Virginia's web site.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEssex County (Va.) Fiduciary Records, 1678-1913 (bulk 1730-1913) are comprised of the following: 2 boxes of Estate Inventories, 12 boxes of various types of records related to the category (including Appraisements and Bonds), a Guardians' Book and a Record of Guardians' Bonds.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFiduciary refers to a confidential and legal relationship which binds one person to act on behalf of another.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA guardian is a person legally invested to take care of another person, and of the property and rights of that person. Since ca. 1600 guardians have been required to file a yearly account with the clerk of the court. These accounts are sometimes called orphans' or guardians' accounts.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Essex County (Va.) Fiduciary Records, 1678-1913 (bulk 1730-1913) are comprised of the following: 2 boxes of Estate Inventories, 12 boxes of various types of records related to the category (including Appraisements and Bonds), a Guardians' Book and a Record of Guardians' Bonds.\n","Fiduciary refers to a confidential and legal relationship which binds one person to act on behalf of another.\n","A guardian is a person legally invested to take care of another person, and of the property and rights of that person. Since ca. 1600 guardians have been required to file a yearly account with the clerk of the court. These accounts are sometimes called orphans' or guardians' accounts.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Essex County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Essex County (Va.) County Court."],"corpname_ssim":["Essex County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Essex County (Va.) County Court."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:30:50.328Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03695"}},{"id":"vi_vi01637","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Essex County (Va.) Free and Enslaved Records, \n1787-1857","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi01637#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Essex County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi01637#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eEssex County (Va.) Free and Enslaved Records, 1787-1857, include Bills of Sale , 1787-1771; and patrol returns, accounts and commissions, 1787-1857. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi01637#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi01637","ead_ssi":"vi_vi01637","_root_":"vi_vi01637","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi01637","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi01637.xml","title_ssm":["Essex County (Va.) Free and Enslaved Records, \n1787-1857"],"title_tesim":["Essex County (Va.) Free and Enslaved Records, \n1787-1857"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Essex County (Va.) Free and Enslaved Records, \n1787-1857"],"text":["Essex County (Va.) Free and Enslaved Records, \n1787-1857","0.40 cu. ft.","Collection is open to research.\n","This collection is arranged  Series I: Free and Enslaved Records, 1787-1857, arranged by record type then chronologically"," arranged by record type then chronologically\n","Context for Records Type:","Free and Enslaved Records","The Free and Enslaved Records collection is comprised of miscellaneous records related to the regulation and policing of both enslaved and free Black and Multiracial people in Orange County. The localities/local government authorities were largely responsible for enforcing laws that restricted the movement of enslaved and free Black and multiracial people and the resulting documentation was often filed in the circuit courts. The ways in which local authorities enacted legal measures against or on behalf of enslaved and free Black and multiracial people varied from locality to locality; therefore, records were not necessarily standardized or filed and retained in a consistent manner. This collection is topical and a means by which to compile miscellaneous documents related to free and enslaved people that are not established local government record types.","Bills of Sale and Deeds:","This collection includes transactions of enslaved people that may include the additional transfer of money or another commodity or may be a non-monetary transfer. Bills of sale are written agreements which convey title of property, including enslaved people, from seller to buyer. Under the system of chattel slavery, laws permitted enslavers to treat enslaved people as personal possessions in the same manner as livestock, farm equipment, or household items. Enslaved people could be bought or sold without regard to their personal relationships or free will. Bills of sale record the name of the seller, the names of enslaved people being sold and their price, and the name of the buyer. Given that they involved a property transaction, bills of sale were commonly recorded and filed with deeds in the local court. However, there was no official requirement that the transfer of an enslaved person be recorded unless necessary for legal purposes such as a court case or an estate settlement.","Locality History:  Essex County was formed in 1692 from Rappahannock County, a now extinct Virginia county.\n","Starting in 2023, Library of Virginia archival staff in partnership with the Virginia Untold Project Manager began efforts to describe records related to free and enslaved Black and multiracial people in a manner that improved the historical context of the records. In doing so, in some cases material once described within the \"Free and Enslaved\" record group for a locality may no longer be described within this record. When this has occurred, please see the Processing Information and Related Materials section for records that have been described separately.","\"Free Negro\" Registrations were removed from this record in April 2024 and are now described in Essex County (Va.) Records Related to the Registrations of Free Persons, 1810-1861.","Deeds of Emancipation were removed from this record in April 2024 and are now described in Essex County (Va.) Deeds of Emancipation, 1848.","Bills of Sale were removed from this record in July 2024 and are now described in Essex County (Va.) Deeds, 1674-1855.","Encoded by G. Crawford, 2015; Updated by M. Mason, April 2024; Updated by M. Mason, July 2024"," See also:  Essex County (Va.) Records Related to the Registration of Free Persons, 1810-1861 ","See also:  Essex County (Va.) Deeds of emancipation, 1748 ","See also:  Essex County (Va.) List of Negroes Belonging to Those Under a Guardian and Unsettled Estates, 1821-1825 ","Records related to free and enslaved people of Essex County (Va.) and other localities are available through the  Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection   on the Library of Virginia website.","Additional Essex County (Va.) court records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Essex County (Va.) Free and Enslaved Records, 1787-1857, include Bills of Sale , 1787-1771;  and patrol returns, accounts and commissions, 1787-1857.\n","Bills of Sale, 1787-1771, consist of about 22 items which document the name(s) of the seller enslaved persons, the name(s) of the purchaser, usually the name of the enslaved individuals being sold, the price, the date of the deed, and the date the bill of sale was registered or proved with the court and on what page it is recorded. Enslaved named include Beck, Frank, Mingo, Jamey. Bess. Judy, Bacchus, Hannah, Harry, James, George, Betty, Moll, Lilly, Rose, Tom, Judy, Winea, Kate, Essex, Lucy, Pendar, Dinah, Frank, Jenny, Tom, Hannah, Goerge, Liddy, Winney, Lillou, Rachel, Dick, Frank, Suckey, and Hannah.\n","\"Slave patrol\" records, 1787-1857, consist of records generate by patrols acting as a policing force that monitored the movement of free and enslaved Black and multiracial individuals. The records include returns, accounts, and commissions for those acting on the patrols. The patrol returns and accounts list the names of patrollers and the dates and/or hours served on the patrol. Sometimes other information is listed such as the name of the captain of the patrol, how much money is owed to the patrollers, locations patrolled, and any actions taken. The patrol commissions are orders from a justice of the peace for a patrol to form and patrol. The name of the ordering justice is given along with the appointed captain, names of the men named to patrol, the duties of the patrol, and the length of time the patrol is to serve. Often a patrol commission is sealed onto the return of that patrol with sealing wax.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","Library of Virginia\n","English\n"],"collection_title_tesim":["Essex County (Va.) Free and Enslaved Records, \n1787-1857"],"collection_ssim":["Essex County (Va.) Free and Enslaved Records, \n1787-1857"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Essex County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"creator_ssim":["Essex County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in transfer of court papers from Essex County in an undated accession.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["0.40 cu. ft."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged \u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries I: Free and Enslaved Records, 1787-1857, arranged by record type then chronologically\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e arranged by record type then chronologically\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged  Series I: Free and Enslaved Records, 1787-1857, arranged by record type then chronologically"," arranged by record type then chronologically\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Records Type:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eFree and Enslaved Records\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Free and Enslaved Records collection is comprised of miscellaneous records related to the regulation and policing of both enslaved and free Black and Multiracial people in Orange County. The localities/local government authorities were largely responsible for enforcing laws that restricted the movement of enslaved and free Black and multiracial people and the resulting documentation was often filed in the circuit courts. The ways in which local authorities enacted legal measures against or on behalf of enslaved and free Black and multiracial people varied from locality to locality; therefore, records were not necessarily standardized or filed and retained in a consistent manner. This collection is topical and a means by which to compile miscellaneous documents related to free and enslaved people that are not established local government record types.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eBills of Sale and Deeds:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis collection includes transactions of enslaved people that may include the additional transfer of money or another commodity or may be a non-monetary transfer. Bills of sale are written agreements which convey title of property, including enslaved people, from seller to buyer. Under the system of chattel slavery, laws permitted enslavers to treat enslaved people as personal possessions in the same manner as livestock, farm equipment, or household items. Enslaved people could be bought or sold without regard to their personal relationships or free will. Bills of sale record the name of the seller, the names of enslaved people being sold and their price, and the name of the buyer. Given that they involved a property transaction, bills of sale were commonly recorded and filed with deeds in the local court. However, there was no official requirement that the transfer of an enslaved person be recorded unless necessary for legal purposes such as a court case or an estate settlement.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History:\u003c/emph\u003e Essex County was formed in 1692 from Rappahannock County, a now extinct Virginia county.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Records Type:","Free and Enslaved Records","The Free and Enslaved Records collection is comprised of miscellaneous records related to the regulation and policing of both enslaved and free Black and Multiracial people in Orange County. The localities/local government authorities were largely responsible for enforcing laws that restricted the movement of enslaved and free Black and multiracial people and the resulting documentation was often filed in the circuit courts. The ways in which local authorities enacted legal measures against or on behalf of enslaved and free Black and multiracial people varied from locality to locality; therefore, records were not necessarily standardized or filed and retained in a consistent manner. This collection is topical and a means by which to compile miscellaneous documents related to free and enslaved people that are not established local government record types.","Bills of Sale and Deeds:","This collection includes transactions of enslaved people that may include the additional transfer of money or another commodity or may be a non-monetary transfer. Bills of sale are written agreements which convey title of property, including enslaved people, from seller to buyer. Under the system of chattel slavery, laws permitted enslavers to treat enslaved people as personal possessions in the same manner as livestock, farm equipment, or household items. Enslaved people could be bought or sold without regard to their personal relationships or free will. Bills of sale record the name of the seller, the names of enslaved people being sold and their price, and the name of the buyer. Given that they involved a property transaction, bills of sale were commonly recorded and filed with deeds in the local court. However, there was no official requirement that the transfer of an enslaved person be recorded unless necessary for legal purposes such as a court case or an estate settlement.","Locality History:  Essex County was formed in 1692 from Rappahannock County, a now extinct Virginia county.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEssex County (Va.) Free and Enslaved Records, 1787-1857. Local government records collection, Essex County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Essex County (Va.) Free and Enslaved Records, 1787-1857. Local government records collection, Essex County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eStarting in 2023, Library of Virginia archival staff in partnership with the Virginia Untold Project Manager began efforts to describe records related to free and enslaved Black and multiracial people in a manner that improved the historical context of the records. In doing so, in some cases material once described within the \"Free and Enslaved\" record group for a locality may no longer be described within this record. When this has occurred, please see the Processing Information and Related Materials section for records that have been described separately.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Free Negro\" Registrations were removed from this record in April 2024 and are now described in Essex County (Va.) Records Related to the Registrations of Free Persons, 1810-1861.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDeeds of Emancipation were removed from this record in April 2024 and are now described in Essex County (Va.) Deeds of Emancipation, 1848.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBills of Sale were removed from this record in July 2024 and are now described in Essex County (Va.) Deeds, 1674-1855.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEncoded by G. Crawford, 2015; Updated by M. Mason, April 2024; Updated by M. Mason, July 2024\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information\n"],"processinfo_tesim":["Starting in 2023, Library of Virginia archival staff in partnership with the Virginia Untold Project Manager began efforts to describe records related to free and enslaved Black and multiracial people in a manner that improved the historical context of the records. In doing so, in some cases material once described within the \"Free and Enslaved\" record group for a locality may no longer be described within this record. When this has occurred, please see the Processing Information and Related Materials section for records that have been described separately.","\"Free Negro\" Registrations were removed from this record in April 2024 and are now described in Essex County (Va.) Records Related to the Registrations of Free Persons, 1810-1861.","Deeds of Emancipation were removed from this record in April 2024 and are now described in Essex County (Va.) Deeds of Emancipation, 1848.","Bills of Sale were removed from this record in July 2024 and are now described in Essex County (Va.) Deeds, 1674-1855.","Encoded by G. Crawford, 2015; Updated by M. Mason, April 2024; Updated by M. Mason, July 2024"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e See also: \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi01636.xml\"\u003eEssex County (Va.) Records Related to the Registration of Free Persons, 1810-1861 \u003c/extref\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee also: \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi06326.xml\"\u003eEssex County (Va.) Deeds of emancipation, 1748 \u003c/extref\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee also: \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi01634.xml\"\u003eEssex County (Va.) List of Negroes Belonging to Those Under a Guardian and Unsettled Estates, 1821-1825 \u003c/extref\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords related to free and enslaved people of Essex County (Va.) and other localities are available through the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/aan\"\u003eVirginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection \u003c/extref\u003e on the Library of Virginia website.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional Essex County (Va.) court records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA131\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":[" See also:  Essex County (Va.) Records Related to the Registration of Free Persons, 1810-1861 ","See also:  Essex County (Va.) Deeds of emancipation, 1748 ","See also:  Essex County (Va.) List of Negroes Belonging to Those Under a Guardian and Unsettled Estates, 1821-1825 ","Records related to free and enslaved people of Essex County (Va.) and other localities are available through the  Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection   on the Library of Virginia website.","Additional Essex County (Va.) court records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\""],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEssex County (Va.) Free and Enslaved Records, 1787-1857, include Bills of Sale , 1787-1771;  and patrol returns, accounts and commissions, 1787-1857.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBills of Sale, 1787-1771, consist of about 22 items which document the name(s) of the seller enslaved persons, the name(s) of the purchaser, usually the name of the enslaved individuals being sold, the price, the date of the deed, and the date the bill of sale was registered or proved with the court and on what page it is recorded. Enslaved named include Beck, Frank, Mingo, Jamey. Bess. Judy, Bacchus, Hannah, Harry, James, George, Betty, Moll, Lilly, Rose, Tom, Judy, Winea, Kate, Essex, Lucy, Pendar, Dinah, Frank, Jenny, Tom, Hannah, Goerge, Liddy, Winney, Lillou, Rachel, Dick, Frank, Suckey, and Hannah.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Slave patrol\" records, 1787-1857, consist of records generate by patrols acting as a policing force that monitored the movement of free and enslaved Black and multiracial individuals. The records include returns, accounts, and commissions for those acting on the patrols. The patrol returns and accounts list the names of patrollers and the dates and/or hours served on the patrol. Sometimes other information is listed such as the name of the captain of the patrol, how much money is owed to the patrollers, locations patrolled, and any actions taken. The patrol commissions are orders from a justice of the peace for a patrol to form and patrol. The name of the ordering justice is given along with the appointed captain, names of the men named to patrol, the duties of the patrol, and the length of time the patrol is to serve. Often a patrol commission is sealed onto the return of that patrol with sealing wax.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Essex County (Va.) Free and Enslaved Records, 1787-1857, include Bills of Sale , 1787-1771;  and patrol returns, accounts and commissions, 1787-1857.\n","Bills of Sale, 1787-1771, consist of about 22 items which document the name(s) of the seller enslaved persons, the name(s) of the purchaser, usually the name of the enslaved individuals being sold, the price, the date of the deed, and the date the bill of sale was registered or proved with the court and on what page it is recorded. Enslaved named include Beck, Frank, Mingo, Jamey. Bess. Judy, Bacchus, Hannah, Harry, James, George, Betty, Moll, Lilly, Rose, Tom, Judy, Winea, Kate, Essex, Lucy, Pendar, Dinah, Frank, Jenny, Tom, Hannah, Goerge, Liddy, Winney, Lillou, Rachel, Dick, Frank, Suckey, and Hannah.\n","\"Slave patrol\" records, 1787-1857, consist of records generate by patrols acting as a policing force that monitored the movement of free and enslaved Black and multiracial individuals. The records include returns, accounts, and commissions for those acting on the patrols. The patrol returns and accounts list the names of patrollers and the dates and/or hours served on the patrol. Sometimes other information is listed such as the name of the captain of the patrol, how much money is owed to the patrollers, locations patrolled, and any actions taken. The patrol commissions are orders from a justice of the peace for a patrol to form and patrol. The name of the ordering justice is given along with the appointed captain, names of the men named to patrol, the duties of the patrol, and the length of time the patrol is to serve. Often a patrol commission is sealed onto the return of that patrol with sealing wax.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T11:40:53.785Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi01637","ead_ssi":"vi_vi01637","_root_":"vi_vi01637","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi01637","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi01637.xml","title_ssm":["Essex County (Va.) Free and Enslaved Records, \n1787-1857"],"title_tesim":["Essex County (Va.) Free and Enslaved Records, \n1787-1857"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Essex County (Va.) Free and Enslaved Records, \n1787-1857"],"text":["Essex County (Va.) Free and Enslaved Records, \n1787-1857","0.40 cu. ft.","Collection is open to research.\n","This collection is arranged  Series I: Free and Enslaved Records, 1787-1857, arranged by record type then chronologically"," arranged by record type then chronologically\n","Context for Records Type:","Free and Enslaved Records","The Free and Enslaved Records collection is comprised of miscellaneous records related to the regulation and policing of both enslaved and free Black and Multiracial people in Orange County. The localities/local government authorities were largely responsible for enforcing laws that restricted the movement of enslaved and free Black and multiracial people and the resulting documentation was often filed in the circuit courts. The ways in which local authorities enacted legal measures against or on behalf of enslaved and free Black and multiracial people varied from locality to locality; therefore, records were not necessarily standardized or filed and retained in a consistent manner. This collection is topical and a means by which to compile miscellaneous documents related to free and enslaved people that are not established local government record types.","Bills of Sale and Deeds:","This collection includes transactions of enslaved people that may include the additional transfer of money or another commodity or may be a non-monetary transfer. Bills of sale are written agreements which convey title of property, including enslaved people, from seller to buyer. Under the system of chattel slavery, laws permitted enslavers to treat enslaved people as personal possessions in the same manner as livestock, farm equipment, or household items. Enslaved people could be bought or sold without regard to their personal relationships or free will. Bills of sale record the name of the seller, the names of enslaved people being sold and their price, and the name of the buyer. Given that they involved a property transaction, bills of sale were commonly recorded and filed with deeds in the local court. However, there was no official requirement that the transfer of an enslaved person be recorded unless necessary for legal purposes such as a court case or an estate settlement.","Locality History:  Essex County was formed in 1692 from Rappahannock County, a now extinct Virginia county.\n","Starting in 2023, Library of Virginia archival staff in partnership with the Virginia Untold Project Manager began efforts to describe records related to free and enslaved Black and multiracial people in a manner that improved the historical context of the records. In doing so, in some cases material once described within the \"Free and Enslaved\" record group for a locality may no longer be described within this record. When this has occurred, please see the Processing Information and Related Materials section for records that have been described separately.","\"Free Negro\" Registrations were removed from this record in April 2024 and are now described in Essex County (Va.) Records Related to the Registrations of Free Persons, 1810-1861.","Deeds of Emancipation were removed from this record in April 2024 and are now described in Essex County (Va.) Deeds of Emancipation, 1848.","Bills of Sale were removed from this record in July 2024 and are now described in Essex County (Va.) Deeds, 1674-1855.","Encoded by G. Crawford, 2015; Updated by M. Mason, April 2024; Updated by M. Mason, July 2024"," See also:  Essex County (Va.) Records Related to the Registration of Free Persons, 1810-1861 ","See also:  Essex County (Va.) Deeds of emancipation, 1748 ","See also:  Essex County (Va.) List of Negroes Belonging to Those Under a Guardian and Unsettled Estates, 1821-1825 ","Records related to free and enslaved people of Essex County (Va.) and other localities are available through the  Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection   on the Library of Virginia website.","Additional Essex County (Va.) court records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Essex County (Va.) Free and Enslaved Records, 1787-1857, include Bills of Sale , 1787-1771;  and patrol returns, accounts and commissions, 1787-1857.\n","Bills of Sale, 1787-1771, consist of about 22 items which document the name(s) of the seller enslaved persons, the name(s) of the purchaser, usually the name of the enslaved individuals being sold, the price, the date of the deed, and the date the bill of sale was registered or proved with the court and on what page it is recorded. Enslaved named include Beck, Frank, Mingo, Jamey. Bess. Judy, Bacchus, Hannah, Harry, James, George, Betty, Moll, Lilly, Rose, Tom, Judy, Winea, Kate, Essex, Lucy, Pendar, Dinah, Frank, Jenny, Tom, Hannah, Goerge, Liddy, Winney, Lillou, Rachel, Dick, Frank, Suckey, and Hannah.\n","\"Slave patrol\" records, 1787-1857, consist of records generate by patrols acting as a policing force that monitored the movement of free and enslaved Black and multiracial individuals. The records include returns, accounts, and commissions for those acting on the patrols. The patrol returns and accounts list the names of patrollers and the dates and/or hours served on the patrol. Sometimes other information is listed such as the name of the captain of the patrol, how much money is owed to the patrollers, locations patrolled, and any actions taken. The patrol commissions are orders from a justice of the peace for a patrol to form and patrol. The name of the ordering justice is given along with the appointed captain, names of the men named to patrol, the duties of the patrol, and the length of time the patrol is to serve. Often a patrol commission is sealed onto the return of that patrol with sealing wax.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","Library of Virginia\n","English\n"],"collection_title_tesim":["Essex County (Va.) Free and Enslaved Records, \n1787-1857"],"collection_ssim":["Essex County (Va.) Free and Enslaved Records, \n1787-1857"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Essex County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"creator_ssim":["Essex County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in transfer of court papers from Essex County in an undated accession.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["0.40 cu. ft."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged \u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries I: Free and Enslaved Records, 1787-1857, arranged by record type then chronologically\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e arranged by record type then chronologically\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged  Series I: Free and Enslaved Records, 1787-1857, arranged by record type then chronologically"," arranged by record type then chronologically\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Records Type:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eFree and Enslaved Records\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Free and Enslaved Records collection is comprised of miscellaneous records related to the regulation and policing of both enslaved and free Black and Multiracial people in Orange County. The localities/local government authorities were largely responsible for enforcing laws that restricted the movement of enslaved and free Black and multiracial people and the resulting documentation was often filed in the circuit courts. The ways in which local authorities enacted legal measures against or on behalf of enslaved and free Black and multiracial people varied from locality to locality; therefore, records were not necessarily standardized or filed and retained in a consistent manner. This collection is topical and a means by which to compile miscellaneous documents related to free and enslaved people that are not established local government record types.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eBills of Sale and Deeds:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis collection includes transactions of enslaved people that may include the additional transfer of money or another commodity or may be a non-monetary transfer. Bills of sale are written agreements which convey title of property, including enslaved people, from seller to buyer. Under the system of chattel slavery, laws permitted enslavers to treat enslaved people as personal possessions in the same manner as livestock, farm equipment, or household items. Enslaved people could be bought or sold without regard to their personal relationships or free will. Bills of sale record the name of the seller, the names of enslaved people being sold and their price, and the name of the buyer. Given that they involved a property transaction, bills of sale were commonly recorded and filed with deeds in the local court. However, there was no official requirement that the transfer of an enslaved person be recorded unless necessary for legal purposes such as a court case or an estate settlement.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History:\u003c/emph\u003e Essex County was formed in 1692 from Rappahannock County, a now extinct Virginia county.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Records Type:","Free and Enslaved Records","The Free and Enslaved Records collection is comprised of miscellaneous records related to the regulation and policing of both enslaved and free Black and Multiracial people in Orange County. The localities/local government authorities were largely responsible for enforcing laws that restricted the movement of enslaved and free Black and multiracial people and the resulting documentation was often filed in the circuit courts. The ways in which local authorities enacted legal measures against or on behalf of enslaved and free Black and multiracial people varied from locality to locality; therefore, records were not necessarily standardized or filed and retained in a consistent manner. This collection is topical and a means by which to compile miscellaneous documents related to free and enslaved people that are not established local government record types.","Bills of Sale and Deeds:","This collection includes transactions of enslaved people that may include the additional transfer of money or another commodity or may be a non-monetary transfer. Bills of sale are written agreements which convey title of property, including enslaved people, from seller to buyer. Under the system of chattel slavery, laws permitted enslavers to treat enslaved people as personal possessions in the same manner as livestock, farm equipment, or household items. Enslaved people could be bought or sold without regard to their personal relationships or free will. Bills of sale record the name of the seller, the names of enslaved people being sold and their price, and the name of the buyer. Given that they involved a property transaction, bills of sale were commonly recorded and filed with deeds in the local court. However, there was no official requirement that the transfer of an enslaved person be recorded unless necessary for legal purposes such as a court case or an estate settlement.","Locality History:  Essex County was formed in 1692 from Rappahannock County, a now extinct Virginia county.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEssex County (Va.) Free and Enslaved Records, 1787-1857. Local government records collection, Essex County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Essex County (Va.) Free and Enslaved Records, 1787-1857. Local government records collection, Essex County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eStarting in 2023, Library of Virginia archival staff in partnership with the Virginia Untold Project Manager began efforts to describe records related to free and enslaved Black and multiracial people in a manner that improved the historical context of the records. In doing so, in some cases material once described within the \"Free and Enslaved\" record group for a locality may no longer be described within this record. When this has occurred, please see the Processing Information and Related Materials section for records that have been described separately.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Free Negro\" Registrations were removed from this record in April 2024 and are now described in Essex County (Va.) Records Related to the Registrations of Free Persons, 1810-1861.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDeeds of Emancipation were removed from this record in April 2024 and are now described in Essex County (Va.) Deeds of Emancipation, 1848.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBills of Sale were removed from this record in July 2024 and are now described in Essex County (Va.) Deeds, 1674-1855.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEncoded by G. Crawford, 2015; Updated by M. Mason, April 2024; Updated by M. Mason, July 2024\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information\n"],"processinfo_tesim":["Starting in 2023, Library of Virginia archival staff in partnership with the Virginia Untold Project Manager began efforts to describe records related to free and enslaved Black and multiracial people in a manner that improved the historical context of the records. In doing so, in some cases material once described within the \"Free and Enslaved\" record group for a locality may no longer be described within this record. When this has occurred, please see the Processing Information and Related Materials section for records that have been described separately.","\"Free Negro\" Registrations were removed from this record in April 2024 and are now described in Essex County (Va.) Records Related to the Registrations of Free Persons, 1810-1861.","Deeds of Emancipation were removed from this record in April 2024 and are now described in Essex County (Va.) Deeds of Emancipation, 1848.","Bills of Sale were removed from this record in July 2024 and are now described in Essex County (Va.) Deeds, 1674-1855.","Encoded by G. Crawford, 2015; Updated by M. Mason, April 2024; Updated by M. Mason, July 2024"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e See also: \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi01636.xml\"\u003eEssex County (Va.) Records Related to the Registration of Free Persons, 1810-1861 \u003c/extref\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee also: \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi06326.xml\"\u003eEssex County (Va.) Deeds of emancipation, 1748 \u003c/extref\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee also: \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi01634.xml\"\u003eEssex County (Va.) List of Negroes Belonging to Those Under a Guardian and Unsettled Estates, 1821-1825 \u003c/extref\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords related to free and enslaved people of Essex County (Va.) and other localities are available through the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/aan\"\u003eVirginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection \u003c/extref\u003e on the Library of Virginia website.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional Essex County (Va.) court records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA131\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":[" See also:  Essex County (Va.) Records Related to the Registration of Free Persons, 1810-1861 ","See also:  Essex County (Va.) Deeds of emancipation, 1748 ","See also:  Essex County (Va.) List of Negroes Belonging to Those Under a Guardian and Unsettled Estates, 1821-1825 ","Records related to free and enslaved people of Essex County (Va.) and other localities are available through the  Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection   on the Library of Virginia website.","Additional Essex County (Va.) court records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\""],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEssex County (Va.) Free and Enslaved Records, 1787-1857, include Bills of Sale , 1787-1771;  and patrol returns, accounts and commissions, 1787-1857.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBills of Sale, 1787-1771, consist of about 22 items which document the name(s) of the seller enslaved persons, the name(s) of the purchaser, usually the name of the enslaved individuals being sold, the price, the date of the deed, and the date the bill of sale was registered or proved with the court and on what page it is recorded. Enslaved named include Beck, Frank, Mingo, Jamey. Bess. Judy, Bacchus, Hannah, Harry, James, George, Betty, Moll, Lilly, Rose, Tom, Judy, Winea, Kate, Essex, Lucy, Pendar, Dinah, Frank, Jenny, Tom, Hannah, Goerge, Liddy, Winney, Lillou, Rachel, Dick, Frank, Suckey, and Hannah.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Slave patrol\" records, 1787-1857, consist of records generate by patrols acting as a policing force that monitored the movement of free and enslaved Black and multiracial individuals. The records include returns, accounts, and commissions for those acting on the patrols. The patrol returns and accounts list the names of patrollers and the dates and/or hours served on the patrol. Sometimes other information is listed such as the name of the captain of the patrol, how much money is owed to the patrollers, locations patrolled, and any actions taken. The patrol commissions are orders from a justice of the peace for a patrol to form and patrol. The name of the ordering justice is given along with the appointed captain, names of the men named to patrol, the duties of the patrol, and the length of time the patrol is to serve. Often a patrol commission is sealed onto the return of that patrol with sealing wax.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Essex County (Va.) Free and Enslaved Records, 1787-1857, include Bills of Sale , 1787-1771;  and patrol returns, accounts and commissions, 1787-1857.\n","Bills of Sale, 1787-1771, consist of about 22 items which document the name(s) of the seller enslaved persons, the name(s) of the purchaser, usually the name of the enslaved individuals being sold, the price, the date of the deed, and the date the bill of sale was registered or proved with the court and on what page it is recorded. Enslaved named include Beck, Frank, Mingo, Jamey. Bess. Judy, Bacchus, Hannah, Harry, James, George, Betty, Moll, Lilly, Rose, Tom, Judy, Winea, Kate, Essex, Lucy, Pendar, Dinah, Frank, Jenny, Tom, Hannah, Goerge, Liddy, Winney, Lillou, Rachel, Dick, Frank, Suckey, and Hannah.\n","\"Slave patrol\" records, 1787-1857, consist of records generate by patrols acting as a policing force that monitored the movement of free and enslaved Black and multiracial individuals. The records include returns, accounts, and commissions for those acting on the patrols. The patrol returns and accounts list the names of patrollers and the dates and/or hours served on the patrol. Sometimes other information is listed such as the name of the captain of the patrol, how much money is owed to the patrollers, locations patrolled, and any actions taken. The patrol commissions are orders from a justice of the peace for a patrol to form and patrol. The name of the ordering justice is given along with the appointed captain, names of the men named to patrol, the duties of the patrol, and the length of time the patrol is to serve. Often a patrol commission is sealed onto the return of that patrol with sealing wax.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T11:40:53.785Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi01637"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Library of Virginia","value":"Library of Virginia","hits":23},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Essex+County+%28Va.%29+Circuit+Court.%0A\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=list"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Essex+County+%28Va.%29+Circuit+Court.%0A\u0026view=list"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Essex County (Va.) 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