{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Bolgiano%2C+Chris\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1991","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Bolgiano%2C+Chris\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1991\u0026page=1"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":3,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_227","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Avtex Fibers, Inc. Newsclippings, 1989/1999","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_227#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Bolgiano, Chris","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_227#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Avtex Fibers, Inc. 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Newsclippings, 1989-1999, consists of one file of clippings from local, regional and national newspapers documenting the attempt to clean up a Superfund toxic waste site in Front Royal, Virginia, 1989-1999."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Avtex Fibers Inc. -- Public relations","Avtex Fibers Inc. -- History"],"names_coll_ssim":["Avtex Fibers Inc. -- Public relations","Avtex Fibers Inc. -- History"],"persname_ssim":["Bolgiano, Chris"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Avtex Fibers Inc. -- Public relations","Avtex Fibers Inc. -- History","Bolgiano, Chris"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:12.722Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_227","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_227","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_227","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_227","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_227.xml","title_ssm":["Avtex Fibers, Inc. 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The company's permit to discharge into the Shenandoah River was revoked on November 10, 1989 and the plant was thereafter abandoned, with significant quantities of extremely hazardous materials left on site.","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018. This collection was previously cataloged as SC 4017.","The collection consists of one folder which contains email correspondence supporting Shenandoah River cleanup, newspaper clippings (both scanned copies and originals), and newsletters (Virginia Water Resources Research Center \"Water News\" and Virginia Water Control Board) with articles pertaining to the Avtex Plant and disposal of hazardous materials. The collection documents the attempt to clean up the Avtex Fibers Inc. 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Superfund toxic waste site in Front Royal, Virginia, 1989- 1999.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of one folder which contains email correspondence supporting Shenandoah River cleanup, newspaper clippings (both scanned copies and originals), and newsletters (Virginia Water Resources Research Center \"Water News\" and Virginia Water Control Board) with articles pertaining to the Avtex Plant and disposal of hazardous materials. The collection documents the attempt to clean up the Avtex Fibers Inc. Superfund toxic waste site in Front Royal, Virginia, 1989- 1999."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. 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Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","May receive accruals; the organization retains recent records.","The collection is arranged in two series:","Administrative Files, 1958-2003\n      Printed Material, 1962-2008","Bolgiano, Chris. The Fulks Run Ruritan Club, 1958-2008: A Documentary History. Fulks Run, Va.: Fulks Run Ruritan Club, 2008.","Founded in 1958, the Fulks Run Chapter of the Ruritan National organization is a community service group in which members work together to improve their neighborhoods through fundraisers, social events, blood drives, pet vaccinations, trash pick-ups, essay contests, guest speakers, and other efforts to aid needy community members. The club has also strived to support students in the area by sponsoring school-related trips and providing scholarships to graduating high school seniors.","After attracting thirty-eight members, Fulks Run natives and charter members Garnett Turner and Andrew Thomas orchestrated the first Ruritan club meeting in March 1958. The Ruritan club developed a close working relationship with Fulks Run Elementary School, aiding in its construction in 1961 and providing funds and supplies to support the school's Weekly Religious Education (WRE) program. On behalf of the community, the Ruritans presented a vocal opposition against the proposed Brocks Gap Dam during the mid-1960s and 1970s and wrote various letters to government officials and attended hearings. The club's annual Fulks Run Lawn Party has become a profitable event held every summer in late July with musical acts, games, carnival rides, and a beauty pageant attracting large crowds from surrounding communities. After thirty-five years as a male-only organization, the Fulks Run Ruritan Club membership grew to include women in 1993.","For more on the history of the Fulks Run Ruritan Club, see Chris Bolgiano's The Fulks Run Ruritan Club, 1958-2008: A Documentary History Fulks Run, Va.: Fulks Run Ruritan Club, 2008.","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018. This collection was previously cataloged as SC 5020.","For further information regarding the 1985 flood and its impact on the Fulks Run Ruritan Park see Ron Turner's videorecording 1985 Flood: Fulks Run and Bergton, Va. Ron Turner Video Productions, 1985.","The Fulks Run Ruritan Club Records, 1958-2008, consist of meeting minutes, rosters, community service reports, treasurer notes, receipts, correspondence, and handbooks documenting this Fulks Run, Virginia organization and is arranged in two series, Administrative Files and Printed Material.","Series 1, Administrative Files, 1958-2008, consists primarily of monthly minutes from Ruritan club meetings and is arranged chronologically. Records of members' meeting attendance are documented as well as guest speakers, community service efforts, fundraisers, and financial records. Correspondence between Ruritan club members and local schools (particularly Fulks Run Elementary), organizations, businesses, and community members is also present, as well as records pertaining to the annual Fulks Run Lawn Party and July 4th festivities. Loose receipts document local businesses such as Fulks Run Grocery, Neff Lumber Mills, Rhodes Candy Company, Valley Bowling Center, and Mac's Superette for many years prior to 1980 when the club began utilizing a formal treasurer's handbook. The folder containing the year 1960 includes only a single roll sheet with a list of members' names. Two legal sized documents, one dated 1966 and one dated 1977, have been pulled from their original folders and placed in a legal sized folder in Box 1.","Series 2, Printed Material, 1962-2008, includes convention and banquet programs and club handbooks, though not every year is represented.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Fulks Run Ruritan Club Records, 1958-2008, consist of two boxes (2 cubic feet) of meeting minutes, rosters, community service reports, treasuer notes, receipts, correspondence, and handbooks documenting this Fulks Run, Virginia organization.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Fulks Run Ruritan Club (Fulks Run, Va.)","Ruritan National","Fulks Run Ruritan Club (Fulks Run, Va.) -- History","Bolgiano, Chris","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Fulks Run Ruritan Club records, 1958/2008"],"collection_ssim":["Fulks Run Ruritan Club records, 1958/2008"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0198","/repositories/4/resources/331"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0198","/repositories/4/resources/331"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia -- History, Local"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia -- History, Local"],"places_ssim":["Virginia -- History, Local"],"creator_ssm":["Fulks Run Ruritan Club (Fulks Run, Va.)","Bolgiano, Chris"],"creator_ssim":["Fulks Run Ruritan Club (Fulks Run, Va.)","Bolgiano, Chris"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Bolgiano, Chris"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Fulks Run Ruritan Club (Fulks Run, Va.)","Ruritan National","Fulks Run Ruritan Club (Fulks Run, Va.) -- History"],"creators_ssim":["Bolgiano, Chris","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Fulks Run Ruritan Club (Fulks Run, Va.)","Ruritan National","Fulks Run Ruritan Club (Fulks Run, Va.) -- History"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was donated by Fulks Run Ruritan Club member Chris Bolgiano in March 2009. In August 2011, Chris Bolgiano donated a number of handbooks, meeting calendars, and convention programs."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Fraternal organizations -- Virginia -- Fulks Run","Fraternal organizations -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- History -- Sources","Letters (correspondence)","Minutes (administrative records)","Rosters","Calendars (documents)","Programs (documents)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Fraternal organizations -- Virginia -- Fulks Run","Fraternal organizations -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- History -- Sources","Letters (correspondence)","Minutes (administrative records)","Rosters","Calendars (documents)","Programs (documents)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2 cubic feet 2 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["2 cubic feet 2 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Letters (correspondence)","Minutes (administrative records)","Rosters","Calendars (documents)","Programs (documents)"],"date_range_isim":[1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. 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The Fulks Run Ruritan Club, 1958-2008: A Documentary History. Fulks Run, Va.: Fulks Run Ruritan Club, 2008."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFounded in 1958, the Fulks Run Chapter of the Ruritan National organization is a community service group in which members work together to improve their neighborhoods through fundraisers, social events, blood drives, pet vaccinations, trash pick-ups, essay contests, guest speakers, and other efforts to aid needy community members. The club has also strived to support students in the area by sponsoring school-related trips and providing scholarships to graduating high school seniors. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter attracting thirty-eight members, Fulks Run natives and charter members Garnett Turner and Andrew Thomas orchestrated the first Ruritan club meeting in March 1958. The Ruritan club developed a close working relationship with Fulks Run Elementary School, aiding in its construction in 1961 and providing funds and supplies to support the school's Weekly Religious Education (WRE) program. On behalf of the community, the Ruritans presented a vocal opposition against the proposed Brocks Gap Dam during the mid-1960s and 1970s and wrote various letters to government officials and attended hearings. The club's annual Fulks Run Lawn Party has become a profitable event held every summer in late July with musical acts, games, carnival rides, and a beauty pageant attracting large crowds from surrounding communities. After thirty-five years as a male-only organization, the Fulks Run Ruritan Club membership grew to include women in 1993. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor more on the history of the Fulks Run Ruritan Club, see Chris Bolgiano's \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Fulks Run Ruritan Club, 1958-2008: A Documentary History\u003c/emph\u003e Fulks Run, Va.: Fulks Run Ruritan Club, 2008.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Administrative History"],"bioghist_tesim":["Founded in 1958, the Fulks Run Chapter of the Ruritan National organization is a community service group in which members work together to improve their neighborhoods through fundraisers, social events, blood drives, pet vaccinations, trash pick-ups, essay contests, guest speakers, and other efforts to aid needy community members. The club has also strived to support students in the area by sponsoring school-related trips and providing scholarships to graduating high school seniors.","After attracting thirty-eight members, Fulks Run natives and charter members Garnett Turner and Andrew Thomas orchestrated the first Ruritan club meeting in March 1958. The Ruritan club developed a close working relationship with Fulks Run Elementary School, aiding in its construction in 1961 and providing funds and supplies to support the school's Weekly Religious Education (WRE) program. On behalf of the community, the Ruritans presented a vocal opposition against the proposed Brocks Gap Dam during the mid-1960s and 1970s and wrote various letters to government officials and attended hearings. The club's annual Fulks Run Lawn Party has become a profitable event held every summer in late July with musical acts, games, carnival rides, and a beauty pageant attracting large crowds from surrounding communities. After thirty-five years as a male-only organization, the Fulks Run Ruritan Club membership grew to include women in 1993.","For more on the history of the Fulks Run Ruritan Club, see Chris Bolgiano's The Fulks Run Ruritan Club, 1958-2008: A Documentary History Fulks Run, Va.: Fulks Run Ruritan Club, 2008."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Fulks Run Ruritan Club Records, 1958-2008, SC 0198, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Fulks Run Ruritan Club Records, 1958-2008, SC 0198, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThis collection was previously cataloged as SC 5020\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018. This collection was previously cataloged as SC 5020."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFor further information regarding the 1985 flood and its impact on the Fulks Run Ruritan Park see Ron Turner's videorecording \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003e1985 Flood: Fulks Run and Bergton, Va.\u003c/emph\u003e Ron Turner Video Productions, 1985.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["For further information regarding the 1985 flood and its impact on the Fulks Run Ruritan Park see Ron Turner's videorecording 1985 Flood: Fulks Run and Bergton, Va. Ron Turner Video Productions, 1985."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Fulks Run Ruritan Club Records, 1958-2008, consist of meeting minutes, rosters, community service reports, treasurer notes, receipts, correspondence, and handbooks documenting this Fulks Run, Virginia organization and is arranged in two series, Administrative Files and Printed Material. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1, Administrative Files, 1958-2008, consists primarily of monthly minutes from Ruritan club meetings and is arranged chronologically. Records of members' meeting attendance are documented as well as guest speakers, community service efforts, fundraisers, and financial records. Correspondence between Ruritan club members and local schools (particularly Fulks Run Elementary), organizations, businesses, and community members is also present, as well as records pertaining to the annual Fulks Run Lawn Party and July 4th festivities. Loose receipts document local businesses such as Fulks Run Grocery, Neff Lumber Mills, Rhodes Candy Company, Valley Bowling Center, and Mac's Superette for many years prior to 1980 when the club began utilizing a formal treasurer's handbook. The folder containing the year 1960 includes only a single roll sheet with a list of members' names. Two legal sized documents, one dated 1966 and one dated 1977, have been pulled from their original folders and placed in a legal sized folder in Box 1. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2, Printed Material, 1962-2008, includes convention and banquet programs and club handbooks, though not every year is represented.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Fulks Run Ruritan Club Records, 1958-2008, consist of meeting minutes, rosters, community service reports, treasurer notes, receipts, correspondence, and handbooks documenting this Fulks Run, Virginia organization and is arranged in two series, Administrative Files and Printed Material.","Series 1, Administrative Files, 1958-2008, consists primarily of monthly minutes from Ruritan club meetings and is arranged chronologically. Records of members' meeting attendance are documented as well as guest speakers, community service efforts, fundraisers, and financial records. Correspondence between Ruritan club members and local schools (particularly Fulks Run Elementary), organizations, businesses, and community members is also present, as well as records pertaining to the annual Fulks Run Lawn Party and July 4th festivities. Loose receipts document local businesses such as Fulks Run Grocery, Neff Lumber Mills, Rhodes Candy Company, Valley Bowling Center, and Mac's Superette for many years prior to 1980 when the club began utilizing a formal treasurer's handbook. The folder containing the year 1960 includes only a single roll sheet with a list of members' names. Two legal sized documents, one dated 1966 and one dated 1977, have been pulled from their original folders and placed in a legal sized folder in Box 1.","Series 2, Printed Material, 1962-2008, includes convention and banquet programs and club handbooks, though not every year is represented."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_b9411bcc1eac80d6160c868cdc9470c9\"\u003eThe Fulks Run Ruritan Club Records, 1958-2008, consist of two boxes (2 cubic feet) of meeting minutes, rosters, community service reports, treasuer notes, receipts, correspondence, and handbooks documenting this Fulks Run, Virginia organization.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Fulks Run Ruritan Club Records, 1958-2008, consist of two boxes (2 cubic feet) of meeting minutes, rosters, community service reports, treasuer notes, receipts, correspondence, and handbooks documenting this Fulks Run, Virginia organization."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Fulks Run Ruritan Club (Fulks Run, Va.)","Ruritan National","Fulks Run Ruritan Club (Fulks Run, Va.) -- History"],"names_coll_ssim":["Ruritan National","Fulks Run Ruritan Club (Fulks Run, Va.) -- History","Bolgiano, Chris"],"persname_ssim":["Bolgiano, Chris"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Fulks Run Ruritan Club (Fulks Run, Va.)","Ruritan National","Fulks Run Ruritan Club (Fulks Run, Va.) -- History","Bolgiano, Chris"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":66,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:34.491Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_331","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_331","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_331","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_331","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_331.xml","title_ssm":["Fulks Run Ruritan Club records"],"title_tesim":["Fulks Run Ruritan Club records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1958-2008"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1958-2008"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1958/2008"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Fulks Run Ruritan Club records, 1958/2008"],"text":["Fulks Run Ruritan Club records, 1958/2008","SC 0198","/repositories/4/resources/331","Virginia -- History, Local","Fraternal organizations -- Virginia -- Fulks Run","Fraternal organizations -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- History -- Sources","Letters (correspondence)","Minutes (administrative records)","Rosters","Calendars (documents)","Programs (documents)","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","May receive accruals; the organization retains recent records.","The collection is arranged in two series:","Administrative Files, 1958-2003\n      Printed Material, 1962-2008","Bolgiano, Chris. The Fulks Run Ruritan Club, 1958-2008: A Documentary History. Fulks Run, Va.: Fulks Run Ruritan Club, 2008.","Founded in 1958, the Fulks Run Chapter of the Ruritan National organization is a community service group in which members work together to improve their neighborhoods through fundraisers, social events, blood drives, pet vaccinations, trash pick-ups, essay contests, guest speakers, and other efforts to aid needy community members. The club has also strived to support students in the area by sponsoring school-related trips and providing scholarships to graduating high school seniors.","After attracting thirty-eight members, Fulks Run natives and charter members Garnett Turner and Andrew Thomas orchestrated the first Ruritan club meeting in March 1958. The Ruritan club developed a close working relationship with Fulks Run Elementary School, aiding in its construction in 1961 and providing funds and supplies to support the school's Weekly Religious Education (WRE) program. On behalf of the community, the Ruritans presented a vocal opposition against the proposed Brocks Gap Dam during the mid-1960s and 1970s and wrote various letters to government officials and attended hearings. The club's annual Fulks Run Lawn Party has become a profitable event held every summer in late July with musical acts, games, carnival rides, and a beauty pageant attracting large crowds from surrounding communities. After thirty-five years as a male-only organization, the Fulks Run Ruritan Club membership grew to include women in 1993.","For more on the history of the Fulks Run Ruritan Club, see Chris Bolgiano's The Fulks Run Ruritan Club, 1958-2008: A Documentary History Fulks Run, Va.: Fulks Run Ruritan Club, 2008.","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018. This collection was previously cataloged as SC 5020.","For further information regarding the 1985 flood and its impact on the Fulks Run Ruritan Park see Ron Turner's videorecording 1985 Flood: Fulks Run and Bergton, Va. Ron Turner Video Productions, 1985.","The Fulks Run Ruritan Club Records, 1958-2008, consist of meeting minutes, rosters, community service reports, treasurer notes, receipts, correspondence, and handbooks documenting this Fulks Run, Virginia organization and is arranged in two series, Administrative Files and Printed Material.","Series 1, Administrative Files, 1958-2008, consists primarily of monthly minutes from Ruritan club meetings and is arranged chronologically. Records of members' meeting attendance are documented as well as guest speakers, community service efforts, fundraisers, and financial records. Correspondence between Ruritan club members and local schools (particularly Fulks Run Elementary), organizations, businesses, and community members is also present, as well as records pertaining to the annual Fulks Run Lawn Party and July 4th festivities. Loose receipts document local businesses such as Fulks Run Grocery, Neff Lumber Mills, Rhodes Candy Company, Valley Bowling Center, and Mac's Superette for many years prior to 1980 when the club began utilizing a formal treasurer's handbook. The folder containing the year 1960 includes only a single roll sheet with a list of members' names. Two legal sized documents, one dated 1966 and one dated 1977, have been pulled from their original folders and placed in a legal sized folder in Box 1.","Series 2, Printed Material, 1962-2008, includes convention and banquet programs and club handbooks, though not every year is represented.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Fulks Run Ruritan Club Records, 1958-2008, consist of two boxes (2 cubic feet) of meeting minutes, rosters, community service reports, treasuer notes, receipts, correspondence, and handbooks documenting this Fulks Run, Virginia organization.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Fulks Run Ruritan Club (Fulks Run, Va.)","Ruritan National","Fulks Run Ruritan Club (Fulks Run, Va.) -- History","Bolgiano, Chris","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Fulks Run Ruritan Club records, 1958/2008"],"collection_ssim":["Fulks Run Ruritan Club records, 1958/2008"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0198","/repositories/4/resources/331"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0198","/repositories/4/resources/331"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia -- History, Local"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia -- History, Local"],"places_ssim":["Virginia -- History, Local"],"creator_ssm":["Fulks Run Ruritan Club (Fulks Run, Va.)","Bolgiano, Chris"],"creator_ssim":["Fulks Run Ruritan Club (Fulks Run, Va.)","Bolgiano, Chris"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Bolgiano, Chris"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Fulks Run Ruritan Club (Fulks Run, Va.)","Ruritan National","Fulks Run Ruritan Club (Fulks Run, Va.) -- History"],"creators_ssim":["Bolgiano, Chris","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Fulks Run Ruritan Club (Fulks Run, Va.)","Ruritan National","Fulks Run Ruritan Club (Fulks Run, Va.) -- History"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was donated by Fulks Run Ruritan Club member Chris Bolgiano in March 2009. 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Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. 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The Fulks Run Ruritan Club, 1958-2008: A Documentary History. Fulks Run, Va.: Fulks Run Ruritan Club, 2008."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFounded in 1958, the Fulks Run Chapter of the Ruritan National organization is a community service group in which members work together to improve their neighborhoods through fundraisers, social events, blood drives, pet vaccinations, trash pick-ups, essay contests, guest speakers, and other efforts to aid needy community members. The club has also strived to support students in the area by sponsoring school-related trips and providing scholarships to graduating high school seniors. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter attracting thirty-eight members, Fulks Run natives and charter members Garnett Turner and Andrew Thomas orchestrated the first Ruritan club meeting in March 1958. The Ruritan club developed a close working relationship with Fulks Run Elementary School, aiding in its construction in 1961 and providing funds and supplies to support the school's Weekly Religious Education (WRE) program. On behalf of the community, the Ruritans presented a vocal opposition against the proposed Brocks Gap Dam during the mid-1960s and 1970s and wrote various letters to government officials and attended hearings. The club's annual Fulks Run Lawn Party has become a profitable event held every summer in late July with musical acts, games, carnival rides, and a beauty pageant attracting large crowds from surrounding communities. After thirty-five years as a male-only organization, the Fulks Run Ruritan Club membership grew to include women in 1993. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor more on the history of the Fulks Run Ruritan Club, see Chris Bolgiano's \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Fulks Run Ruritan Club, 1958-2008: A Documentary History\u003c/emph\u003e Fulks Run, Va.: Fulks Run Ruritan Club, 2008.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Administrative History"],"bioghist_tesim":["Founded in 1958, the Fulks Run Chapter of the Ruritan National organization is a community service group in which members work together to improve their neighborhoods through fundraisers, social events, blood drives, pet vaccinations, trash pick-ups, essay contests, guest speakers, and other efforts to aid needy community members. The club has also strived to support students in the area by sponsoring school-related trips and providing scholarships to graduating high school seniors.","After attracting thirty-eight members, Fulks Run natives and charter members Garnett Turner and Andrew Thomas orchestrated the first Ruritan club meeting in March 1958. The Ruritan club developed a close working relationship with Fulks Run Elementary School, aiding in its construction in 1961 and providing funds and supplies to support the school's Weekly Religious Education (WRE) program. On behalf of the community, the Ruritans presented a vocal opposition against the proposed Brocks Gap Dam during the mid-1960s and 1970s and wrote various letters to government officials and attended hearings. The club's annual Fulks Run Lawn Party has become a profitable event held every summer in late July with musical acts, games, carnival rides, and a beauty pageant attracting large crowds from surrounding communities. After thirty-five years as a male-only organization, the Fulks Run Ruritan Club membership grew to include women in 1993.","For more on the history of the Fulks Run Ruritan Club, see Chris Bolgiano's The Fulks Run Ruritan Club, 1958-2008: A Documentary History Fulks Run, Va.: Fulks Run Ruritan Club, 2008."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Fulks Run Ruritan Club Records, 1958-2008, SC 0198, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Fulks Run Ruritan Club Records, 1958-2008, SC 0198, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThis collection was previously cataloged as SC 5020\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018. This collection was previously cataloged as SC 5020."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFor further information regarding the 1985 flood and its impact on the Fulks Run Ruritan Park see Ron Turner's videorecording \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003e1985 Flood: Fulks Run and Bergton, Va.\u003c/emph\u003e Ron Turner Video Productions, 1985.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["For further information regarding the 1985 flood and its impact on the Fulks Run Ruritan Park see Ron Turner's videorecording 1985 Flood: Fulks Run and Bergton, Va. Ron Turner Video Productions, 1985."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Fulks Run Ruritan Club Records, 1958-2008, consist of meeting minutes, rosters, community service reports, treasurer notes, receipts, correspondence, and handbooks documenting this Fulks Run, Virginia organization and is arranged in two series, Administrative Files and Printed Material. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1, Administrative Files, 1958-2008, consists primarily of monthly minutes from Ruritan club meetings and is arranged chronologically. Records of members' meeting attendance are documented as well as guest speakers, community service efforts, fundraisers, and financial records. Correspondence between Ruritan club members and local schools (particularly Fulks Run Elementary), organizations, businesses, and community members is also present, as well as records pertaining to the annual Fulks Run Lawn Party and July 4th festivities. Loose receipts document local businesses such as Fulks Run Grocery, Neff Lumber Mills, Rhodes Candy Company, Valley Bowling Center, and Mac's Superette for many years prior to 1980 when the club began utilizing a formal treasurer's handbook. The folder containing the year 1960 includes only a single roll sheet with a list of members' names. Two legal sized documents, one dated 1966 and one dated 1977, have been pulled from their original folders and placed in a legal sized folder in Box 1. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2, Printed Material, 1962-2008, includes convention and banquet programs and club handbooks, though not every year is represented.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Fulks Run Ruritan Club Records, 1958-2008, consist of meeting minutes, rosters, community service reports, treasurer notes, receipts, correspondence, and handbooks documenting this Fulks Run, Virginia organization and is arranged in two series, Administrative Files and Printed Material.","Series 1, Administrative Files, 1958-2008, consists primarily of monthly minutes from Ruritan club meetings and is arranged chronologically. Records of members' meeting attendance are documented as well as guest speakers, community service efforts, fundraisers, and financial records. Correspondence between Ruritan club members and local schools (particularly Fulks Run Elementary), organizations, businesses, and community members is also present, as well as records pertaining to the annual Fulks Run Lawn Party and July 4th festivities. Loose receipts document local businesses such as Fulks Run Grocery, Neff Lumber Mills, Rhodes Candy Company, Valley Bowling Center, and Mac's Superette for many years prior to 1980 when the club began utilizing a formal treasurer's handbook. The folder containing the year 1960 includes only a single roll sheet with a list of members' names. Two legal sized documents, one dated 1966 and one dated 1977, have been pulled from their original folders and placed in a legal sized folder in Box 1.","Series 2, Printed Material, 1962-2008, includes convention and banquet programs and club handbooks, though not every year is represented."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_b9411bcc1eac80d6160c868cdc9470c9\"\u003eThe Fulks Run Ruritan Club Records, 1958-2008, consist of two boxes (2 cubic feet) of meeting minutes, rosters, community service reports, treasuer notes, receipts, correspondence, and handbooks documenting this Fulks Run, Virginia organization.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Fulks Run Ruritan Club Records, 1958-2008, consist of two boxes (2 cubic feet) of meeting minutes, rosters, community service reports, treasuer notes, receipts, correspondence, and handbooks documenting this Fulks Run, Virginia organization."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Fulks Run Ruritan Club (Fulks Run, Va.)","Ruritan National","Fulks Run Ruritan Club (Fulks Run, Va.) -- History"],"names_coll_ssim":["Ruritan National","Fulks Run Ruritan Club (Fulks Run, Va.) -- History","Bolgiano, Chris"],"persname_ssim":["Bolgiano, Chris"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Fulks Run Ruritan Club (Fulks Run, Va.)","Ruritan National","Fulks Run Ruritan Club (Fulks Run, Va.) -- History","Bolgiano, Chris"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":66,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:34.491Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_331"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_592","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Tanbark industry in the Shenandoah Valley oral history collection, 1987","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_592#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Barb, Mia","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_592#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This collection is comprised of a background paper on the tanbark industry and three oral history interviews recorded in 1987 and 1991 with individuals familiar with the tanbark industry in the central Shenandoah Valley. The 1987 interview was conducted jointly by Chris Bolgiano and John Coleman, and the subsequent two interviews were conducted in 1991 by Mia Barb as part of an oral history project internship.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_592#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_592","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_592","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_592","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_592","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_592.xml","title_ssm":["Tanbark industry in the Shenandoah Valley oral history collection"],"title_tesim":["Tanbark industry in the Shenandoah Valley oral history collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1987","1991"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1987","1991"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1987"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Tanbark industry in the Shenandoah Valley oral history collection, 1987"],"text":["Tanbark industry in the Shenandoah Valley oral history collection, 1987","SdArch 0004","/repositories/4/resources/592","Tanning -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanning -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Bark peeling -- Environmental aspects","Bark -- Harvesting","Bark peeling -- Economic aspects","Bark -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Leather industry and trade -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanneries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Tanneries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Industries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanners -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","oral histories (literary works)","Access to oral history interviews is governed by agreements with the narrators. All interviews in this collection are open for research without restriction. \nResearchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Special Collections staff at library-special@jmu.edu before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Oral history is open for research.","A bound volume that comprises copies of the transcripts of each interview in this collection as well as a copy of the project background paper and any related materials is cataloged as a monograph and is available as part of the Libraries' circulating collection under the title, Tanbark industry : part of an oral history project on the tanbark industry in the Shenandoah Valley.","Two of the oral history interviews in this collection were conducted by by Mia Barb, an undergraduate at JMU, who completed the project as part of an internship in Special Collections during 1991 that was jointly sponsored by Carrier Library Special Collections and the U.S. Forest Service. The interview with D.D. Wilkins recorded in 1987 was conducted jointly by Chris Bolgiano, head of Special Collections and freelance forestry writer, and John Coleman, an employee of the U.S. Forest Service.\nThe 1987 interview was conducted in support of the research interests of Chris Bolgiano, who has published scholarship on forestry and the tanbark industry in Appalachia. That interview was assembled with the other two interviews conducted by Mia Barb in 1991 due to the topical focus on the tanbark industry to form a collection of three interviews.","In 2008, Libraries' staff in the media resources department reformatted the contents of the original audio cassettes in this collection, using a Tascam CC-222MKII CD recorder / cassette combination deck to transfer digitized m4a and mp3 files onto MAM-A Gold Archival 700MB CD-Rs to serve as both access copies and preservation storage.","In 2018, the digital archivist in Special Collections completed a large-scale re-processing project to transfer reformatted born-digital files stored on gold CDs off of the physical media and into access and preservation storage environments on Libraries servers. As part of this project, the digital archivist also combined audio files when appropriate for interviews that were originally recorded across multiple pieces of physical media or on different sides of a single piece of media, and applied a new file naming convention constructed from the oral history collection identifer and a component unique identifer used to differentiate among interviews at the file level in the archival description. The archivist saved these newly combined interview files in .wav file format for preservation storage, and also created derivative access file copies in .mp3 file format.","In 2025, as part of an oral history redescription project, archivists corrected errors in file names for audio files in this collection to align with existing file naming conventions for digitized Special Collections materials, and to ensure that all component unique identifiers used within file names for digital surrogates matched the identifiers employed in the corresponding archival description.","A paper authored by Chris Bolgiano was presented in 1999 at the Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar titled Tanbark harvesting as an economic and environmental factor in Appalachia, is available as part of the Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar records, SC 0205.","This collection is comprised of a background paper and three audio recordings with corresponding transcripts of oral history interviews conducted in 1987 and 1991 with individuals familiar with the history of the tanbark industry in the central Shenandoah Valley.","The background paper explores topics related the various processes used to produce leather, including references to the peeling, grinding, and extracting of bark to yield the tannin (tannic acid) used to tan animals skins and hides.","The interviews focus specifically on the mills, extract factories, and tanneries in the Shenandoah Valley, including the Timberville extract factory, and the Ziegler, Elkton, and Houck tanneries of Rockingham County, Virginia.","13-leaf monograph describes the tanning industry in the United States and in particular the Shenandoah Valley. Both general information about the industry and specifics about the tanbark process are included. The various processes used to produce leather are described, including references to the peeling, grinding and extracting of bark to yield the tannin (tannic acid) which was used to tan animals skins and hides. References are made to American tanneries in general; specific information is supplied about bark mills, extract factories and tanneries in the Valley--including the Timberville extract (ooze) factory, and the Ziegler, Elkton and Houck tanneries of Rockingham County, Virginia. Transcription summary and letters are related to an interview with Mrs. Lettie Albrite and niece (Ms. Turner-Ritchie) conducted by Mia Barb, at Camelot Nursing Home, Harrisonburg, Va. on March 29, 1991. Refers to Mrs. Albrite's reminiscences of the bark extracting factory at Timberville, Va.; mentions Gen. John Roller, owner. Full transcription and tape of this interview are unavailable.","This interview records the reminiscences of Mr. Wilkins' (D.D. \"Hun\") days as a bark peeler of chestnut oak and hemlock in the Alleghenny mountains of West Virginia, especially in and around Lost River (also Stump's Run, Moorefield, Lost City and Trout Run). Mentions chestnut blight; blizzard of April 27, 1928. Mentions the Maryland-W. Va. Lumber Co., Natrick Lumber Co. and Williamsport, Md. Tannery. Reminiscences about conditions in the camps","This interview records the reminiscences of Mr. Yankey's days as a bark peeler of chestnut oak and hemlock in the Allegheny mountains in areas around Petersburg, Moorefield, Franklin, Cheat Mt., Cass, and Lost City, W. Va. Describes the process of peeling and transporting the bark. Mentions social life and medical care in camps. Refers to paper mill strike in Davis; work in the Timberville, Va. Peach Cannery. Recorded at the home of Mr. Leecy Yankey of Bergton, Va. on Feb. 26, 1991.","This interview records the reminiscences of Mr. Barb's days as a bark peeler of black, red and white oak in the Allegheny mountains region of Rockingham County, Va., in particular Little Turley Mt. Describes the process of peeling and transporting bark including detailed information on how draft animals (horses and mules) were used. Mentions social life, etc. in the camps. Worked for Neff Lumber Mills at Skidmore Fork Lumber Camp, etc. Recorded at the home of Mr. Kale Barb of Fairway Hills, Harrisonburg, Va. on March 9, 1991","Copyright interests for the interviews in this collection have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. \nCopyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user.","Copyright interests for the interviews in this collection have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. \nCopyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user.","Provision of copies of materials in this collection in does not imply permission to utilize materials in excess of fair use. The researcher is solely responsible for determining the copyright status of materials and, if necessary, obtaining permission to use material from the copyright holder.","The copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.","This collection is comprised of a background paper on the tanbark industry and three oral history interviews recorded in 1987 and 1991 with individuals familiar with the tanbark industry in the central Shenandoah Valley. The 1987 interview was conducted jointly by Chris Bolgiano and John Coleman, and the subsequent two interviews were conducted in 1991 by Mia Barb as part of an oral history project internship.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Barb, Mia","Bolgiano, Chris","Coleman, John","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Tanbark industry in the Shenandoah Valley oral history collection, 1987"],"collection_ssim":["Tanbark industry in the Shenandoah Valley oral history collection, 1987"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SdArch 0004","/repositories/4/resources/592"],"unitid_tesim":["SdArch 0004","/repositories/4/resources/592"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"creator_ssm":["Barb, Mia","Barb, Mia","Bolgiano, Chris","Bolgiano, Chris"],"creator_ssim":["Barb, Mia","Barb, Mia","Bolgiano, Chris","Bolgiano, Chris"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Barb, Mia","Bolgiano, Chris","Coleman, John"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections"],"creators_ssim":["Barb, Mia","Bolgiano, Chris","Coleman, John","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections"],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright interests for the interviews in this collection have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. \nCopyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user."],"acqinfo_ssim":["1987 interview donated in _____ by Chris Bolgiano.\n1991 interviews and background paper donated in 1991 by Mia Barb."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Tanning -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanning -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Bark peeling -- Environmental aspects","Bark -- Harvesting","Bark peeling -- Economic aspects","Bark -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Leather industry and trade -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanneries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Tanneries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Industries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanners -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","oral histories (literary works)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Tanning -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanning -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Bark peeling -- Environmental aspects","Bark -- Harvesting","Bark peeling -- Economic aspects","Bark -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Leather industry and trade -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanneries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Tanneries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Industries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanners -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","oral histories (literary works)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.25 cubic feet 4 folders; 4 audiocassettes"],"extent_tesim":["0.25 cubic feet 4 folders; 4 audiocassettes"],"genreform_ssim":["oral histories (literary works)"],"date_range_isim":[1987,1991],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAccess to oral history interviews is governed by agreements with the narrators. All interviews in this collection are open for research without restriction. \nResearchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Special Collections staff at \u003ca href=\"mailto:library-special@jmu.edu\"\u003elibrary-special@jmu.edu\u003c/a\u003e before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eOral history is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access","Access Conditions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Access to oral history interviews is governed by agreements with the narrators. All interviews in this collection are open for research without restriction. \nResearchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Special Collections staff at library-special@jmu.edu before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Oral history is open for research."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA bound volume that comprises copies of the transcripts of each interview in this collection as well as a copy of the project background paper and any related materials is cataloged as a monograph and is available as part of the Libraries' circulating collection under the title, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eTanbark industry : part of an oral history project on the tanbark industry in the Shenandoah Valley\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["A bound volume that comprises copies of the transcripts of each interview in this collection as well as a copy of the project background paper and any related materials is cataloged as a monograph and is available as part of the Libraries' circulating collection under the title, Tanbark industry : part of an oral history project on the tanbark industry in the Shenandoah Valley."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTwo of the oral history interviews in this collection were conducted by by Mia Barb, an undergraduate at JMU, who completed the project as part of an internship in Special Collections during 1991 that was jointly sponsored by Carrier Library Special Collections and the U.S. Forest Service. The interview with D.D. Wilkins recorded in 1987 was conducted jointly by Chris Bolgiano, head of Special Collections and freelance forestry writer, and John Coleman, an employee of the U.S. Forest Service.\nThe 1987 interview was conducted in support of the research interests of Chris Bolgiano, who has published scholarship on forestry and the tanbark industry in Appalachia. That interview was assembled with the other two interviews conducted by Mia Barb in 1991 due to the topical focus on the tanbark industry to form a collection of three interviews.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Two of the oral history interviews in this collection were conducted by by Mia Barb, an undergraduate at JMU, who completed the project as part of an internship in Special Collections during 1991 that was jointly sponsored by Carrier Library Special Collections and the U.S. Forest Service. The interview with D.D. Wilkins recorded in 1987 was conducted jointly by Chris Bolgiano, head of Special Collections and freelance forestry writer, and John Coleman, an employee of the U.S. Forest Service.\nThe 1987 interview was conducted in support of the research interests of Chris Bolgiano, who has published scholarship on forestry and the tanbark industry in Appalachia. That interview was assembled with the other two interviews conducted by Mia Barb in 1991 due to the topical focus on the tanbark industry to form a collection of three interviews."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item/interview], [date of item/interview], Tanbark Industry in the Shenandoah Valley Oral History Collection, SdArch 0004, Special Collections, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item/interview], [date of item/interview], Tanbark Industry in the Shenandoah Valley Oral History Collection, SdArch 0004, Special Collections, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 2008, Libraries' staff in the media resources department reformatted the contents of the original audio cassettes in this collection, using a Tascam CC-222MKII CD recorder / cassette combination deck to transfer digitized m4a and mp3 files onto MAM-A Gold Archival 700MB CD-Rs to serve as both access copies and preservation storage.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 2018, the digital archivist in Special Collections completed a large-scale re-processing project to transfer reformatted born-digital files stored on gold CDs off of the physical media and into access and preservation storage environments on Libraries servers. As part of this project, the digital archivist also combined audio files when appropriate for interviews that were originally recorded across multiple pieces of physical media or on different sides of a single piece of media, and applied a new file naming convention constructed from the oral history collection identifer and a component unique identifer used to differentiate among interviews at the file level in the archival description. The archivist saved these newly combined interview files in .wav file format for preservation storage, and also created derivative access file copies in .mp3 file format.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 2025, as part of an oral history redescription project, archivists corrected errors in file names for audio files in this collection to align with existing file naming conventions for digitized Special Collections materials, and to ensure that all component unique identifiers used within file names for digital surrogates matched the identifiers employed in the corresponding archival description.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In 2008, Libraries' staff in the media resources department reformatted the contents of the original audio cassettes in this collection, using a Tascam CC-222MKII CD recorder / cassette combination deck to transfer digitized m4a and mp3 files onto MAM-A Gold Archival 700MB CD-Rs to serve as both access copies and preservation storage.","In 2018, the digital archivist in Special Collections completed a large-scale re-processing project to transfer reformatted born-digital files stored on gold CDs off of the physical media and into access and preservation storage environments on Libraries servers. As part of this project, the digital archivist also combined audio files when appropriate for interviews that were originally recorded across multiple pieces of physical media or on different sides of a single piece of media, and applied a new file naming convention constructed from the oral history collection identifer and a component unique identifer used to differentiate among interviews at the file level in the archival description. The archivist saved these newly combined interview files in .wav file format for preservation storage, and also created derivative access file copies in .mp3 file format.","In 2025, as part of an oral history redescription project, archivists corrected errors in file names for audio files in this collection to align with existing file naming conventions for digitized Special Collections materials, and to ensure that all component unique identifiers used within file names for digital surrogates matched the identifiers employed in the corresponding archival description."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA paper authored by Chris Bolgiano was presented in 1999 at the Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar titled \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eTanbark harvesting as an economic and environmental factor in Appalachia\u003c/emph\u003e, is available as part of the \u003cref target=\"d97c77781f8962e65556de93483dfb84\"\u003eShenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar records, SC 0205\u003c/ref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["A paper authored by Chris Bolgiano was presented in 1999 at the Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar titled Tanbark harvesting as an economic and environmental factor in Appalachia, is available as part of the Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar records, SC 0205."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is comprised of a background paper and three audio recordings with corresponding transcripts of oral history interviews conducted in 1987 and 1991 with individuals familiar with the history of the tanbark industry in the central Shenandoah Valley. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe background paper explores topics related the various processes used to produce leather, including references to the peeling, grinding, and extracting of bark to yield the tannin (tannic acid) used to tan animals skins and hides. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe interviews focus specifically on the mills, extract factories, and tanneries in the Shenandoah Valley, including the Timberville extract factory, and the Ziegler, Elkton, and Houck tanneries of Rockingham County, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003e13-leaf monograph describes the tanning industry in the United States and in particular the Shenandoah Valley. Both general information about the industry and specifics about the tanbark process are included. The various processes used to produce leather are described, including references to the peeling, grinding and extracting of bark to yield the tannin (tannic acid) which was used to tan animals skins and hides. References are made to American tanneries in general; specific information is supplied about bark mills, extract factories and tanneries in the Valley--including the Timberville extract (ooze) factory, and the Ziegler, Elkton and Houck tanneries of Rockingham County, Virginia. Transcription summary and letters are related to an interview with Mrs. Lettie Albrite and niece (Ms. Turner-Ritchie) conducted by Mia Barb, at Camelot Nursing Home, Harrisonburg, Va. on March 29, 1991. Refers to Mrs. Albrite's reminiscences of the bark extracting factory at Timberville, Va.; mentions Gen. John Roller, owner. Full transcription and tape of this interview are unavailable.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview records the reminiscences of Mr. Wilkins' (D.D. \"Hun\") days as a bark peeler of chestnut oak and hemlock in the Alleghenny mountains of West Virginia, especially in and around Lost River (also Stump's Run, Moorefield, Lost City and Trout Run). Mentions chestnut blight; blizzard of April 27, 1928. Mentions the Maryland-W. Va. Lumber Co., Natrick Lumber Co. and Williamsport, Md. Tannery. Reminiscences about conditions in the camps\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview records the reminiscences of Mr. Yankey's days as a bark peeler of chestnut oak and hemlock in the Allegheny mountains in areas around Petersburg, Moorefield, Franklin, Cheat Mt., Cass, and Lost City, W. Va. Describes the process of peeling and transporting the bark. Mentions social life and medical care in camps. Refers to paper mill strike in Davis; work in the Timberville, Va. Peach Cannery. Recorded at the home of Mr. Leecy Yankey of Bergton, Va. on Feb. 26, 1991.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview records the reminiscences of Mr. Barb's days as a bark peeler of black, red and white oak in the Allegheny mountains region of Rockingham County, Va., in particular Little Turley Mt. Describes the process of peeling and transporting bark including detailed information on how draft animals (horses and mules) were used. Mentions social life, etc. in the camps. Worked for Neff Lumber Mills at Skidmore Fork Lumber Camp, etc. Recorded at the home of Mr. Kale Barb of Fairway Hills, Harrisonburg, Va. on March 9, 1991\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection is comprised of a background paper and three audio recordings with corresponding transcripts of oral history interviews conducted in 1987 and 1991 with individuals familiar with the history of the tanbark industry in the central Shenandoah Valley.","The background paper explores topics related the various processes used to produce leather, including references to the peeling, grinding, and extracting of bark to yield the tannin (tannic acid) used to tan animals skins and hides.","The interviews focus specifically on the mills, extract factories, and tanneries in the Shenandoah Valley, including the Timberville extract factory, and the Ziegler, Elkton, and Houck tanneries of Rockingham County, Virginia.","13-leaf monograph describes the tanning industry in the United States and in particular the Shenandoah Valley. Both general information about the industry and specifics about the tanbark process are included. The various processes used to produce leather are described, including references to the peeling, grinding and extracting of bark to yield the tannin (tannic acid) which was used to tan animals skins and hides. References are made to American tanneries in general; specific information is supplied about bark mills, extract factories and tanneries in the Valley--including the Timberville extract (ooze) factory, and the Ziegler, Elkton and Houck tanneries of Rockingham County, Virginia. Transcription summary and letters are related to an interview with Mrs. Lettie Albrite and niece (Ms. Turner-Ritchie) conducted by Mia Barb, at Camelot Nursing Home, Harrisonburg, Va. on March 29, 1991. Refers to Mrs. Albrite's reminiscences of the bark extracting factory at Timberville, Va.; mentions Gen. John Roller, owner. Full transcription and tape of this interview are unavailable.","This interview records the reminiscences of Mr. Wilkins' (D.D. \"Hun\") days as a bark peeler of chestnut oak and hemlock in the Alleghenny mountains of West Virginia, especially in and around Lost River (also Stump's Run, Moorefield, Lost City and Trout Run). Mentions chestnut blight; blizzard of April 27, 1928. Mentions the Maryland-W. Va. Lumber Co., Natrick Lumber Co. and Williamsport, Md. Tannery. Reminiscences about conditions in the camps","This interview records the reminiscences of Mr. Yankey's days as a bark peeler of chestnut oak and hemlock in the Allegheny mountains in areas around Petersburg, Moorefield, Franklin, Cheat Mt., Cass, and Lost City, W. Va. Describes the process of peeling and transporting the bark. Mentions social life and medical care in camps. Refers to paper mill strike in Davis; work in the Timberville, Va. Peach Cannery. Recorded at the home of Mr. Leecy Yankey of Bergton, Va. on Feb. 26, 1991.","This interview records the reminiscences of Mr. Barb's days as a bark peeler of black, red and white oak in the Allegheny mountains region of Rockingham County, Va., in particular Little Turley Mt. Describes the process of peeling and transporting bark including detailed information on how draft animals (horses and mules) were used. Mentions social life, etc. in the camps. Worked for Neff Lumber Mills at Skidmore Fork Lumber Camp, etc. Recorded at the home of Mr. Kale Barb of Fairway Hills, Harrisonburg, Va. on March 9, 1991"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright interests for the interviews in this collection have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. \nCopyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eCopyright interests for the interviews in this collection have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. \nCopyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProvision of copies of materials in this collection in does not imply permission to utilize materials in excess of fair use. The researcher is solely responsible for determining the copyright status of materials and, if necessary, obtaining permission to use material from the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright interests for the interviews in this collection have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. \nCopyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user.","Copyright interests for the interviews in this collection have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. \nCopyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user.","Provision of copies of materials in this collection in does not imply permission to utilize materials in excess of fair use. The researcher is solely responsible for determining the copyright status of materials and, if necessary, obtaining permission to use material from the copyright holder.","The copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_b7211b70131e82bd9621ecc8f329ef41\"\u003eThis collection is comprised of a background paper on the tanbark industry and three oral history interviews recorded in 1987 and 1991 with individuals familiar with the tanbark industry in the central Shenandoah Valley. The 1987 interview was conducted jointly by Chris Bolgiano and John Coleman, and the subsequent two interviews were conducted in 1991 by Mia Barb as part of an oral history project internship.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection is comprised of a background paper on the tanbark industry and three oral history interviews recorded in 1987 and 1991 with individuals familiar with the tanbark industry in the central Shenandoah Valley. The 1987 interview was conducted jointly by Chris Bolgiano and John Coleman, and the subsequent two interviews were conducted in 1991 by Mia Barb as part of an oral history project internship."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Barb, Mia","Bolgiano, Chris","Coleman, John"],"names_coll_ssim":["Barb, Mia","Bolgiano, Chris"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Barb, Mia","Bolgiano, Chris","Coleman, John"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":10,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:53.919Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_592","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_592","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_592","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_592","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_592.xml","title_ssm":["Tanbark industry in the Shenandoah Valley oral history collection"],"title_tesim":["Tanbark industry in the Shenandoah Valley oral history collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1987","1991"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1987","1991"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1987"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Tanbark industry in the Shenandoah Valley oral history collection, 1987"],"text":["Tanbark industry in the Shenandoah Valley oral history collection, 1987","SdArch 0004","/repositories/4/resources/592","Tanning -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanning -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Bark peeling -- Environmental aspects","Bark -- Harvesting","Bark peeling -- Economic aspects","Bark -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Leather industry and trade -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanneries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Tanneries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Industries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanners -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","oral histories (literary works)","Access to oral history interviews is governed by agreements with the narrators. All interviews in this collection are open for research without restriction. \nResearchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Special Collections staff at library-special@jmu.edu before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Oral history is open for research.","A bound volume that comprises copies of the transcripts of each interview in this collection as well as a copy of the project background paper and any related materials is cataloged as a monograph and is available as part of the Libraries' circulating collection under the title, Tanbark industry : part of an oral history project on the tanbark industry in the Shenandoah Valley.","Two of the oral history interviews in this collection were conducted by by Mia Barb, an undergraduate at JMU, who completed the project as part of an internship in Special Collections during 1991 that was jointly sponsored by Carrier Library Special Collections and the U.S. Forest Service. The interview with D.D. Wilkins recorded in 1987 was conducted jointly by Chris Bolgiano, head of Special Collections and freelance forestry writer, and John Coleman, an employee of the U.S. Forest Service.\nThe 1987 interview was conducted in support of the research interests of Chris Bolgiano, who has published scholarship on forestry and the tanbark industry in Appalachia. That interview was assembled with the other two interviews conducted by Mia Barb in 1991 due to the topical focus on the tanbark industry to form a collection of three interviews.","In 2008, Libraries' staff in the media resources department reformatted the contents of the original audio cassettes in this collection, using a Tascam CC-222MKII CD recorder / cassette combination deck to transfer digitized m4a and mp3 files onto MAM-A Gold Archival 700MB CD-Rs to serve as both access copies and preservation storage.","In 2018, the digital archivist in Special Collections completed a large-scale re-processing project to transfer reformatted born-digital files stored on gold CDs off of the physical media and into access and preservation storage environments on Libraries servers. As part of this project, the digital archivist also combined audio files when appropriate for interviews that were originally recorded across multiple pieces of physical media or on different sides of a single piece of media, and applied a new file naming convention constructed from the oral history collection identifer and a component unique identifer used to differentiate among interviews at the file level in the archival description. The archivist saved these newly combined interview files in .wav file format for preservation storage, and also created derivative access file copies in .mp3 file format.","In 2025, as part of an oral history redescription project, archivists corrected errors in file names for audio files in this collection to align with existing file naming conventions for digitized Special Collections materials, and to ensure that all component unique identifiers used within file names for digital surrogates matched the identifiers employed in the corresponding archival description.","A paper authored by Chris Bolgiano was presented in 1999 at the Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar titled Tanbark harvesting as an economic and environmental factor in Appalachia, is available as part of the Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar records, SC 0205.","This collection is comprised of a background paper and three audio recordings with corresponding transcripts of oral history interviews conducted in 1987 and 1991 with individuals familiar with the history of the tanbark industry in the central Shenandoah Valley.","The background paper explores topics related the various processes used to produce leather, including references to the peeling, grinding, and extracting of bark to yield the tannin (tannic acid) used to tan animals skins and hides.","The interviews focus specifically on the mills, extract factories, and tanneries in the Shenandoah Valley, including the Timberville extract factory, and the Ziegler, Elkton, and Houck tanneries of Rockingham County, Virginia.","13-leaf monograph describes the tanning industry in the United States and in particular the Shenandoah Valley. Both general information about the industry and specifics about the tanbark process are included. The various processes used to produce leather are described, including references to the peeling, grinding and extracting of bark to yield the tannin (tannic acid) which was used to tan animals skins and hides. References are made to American tanneries in general; specific information is supplied about bark mills, extract factories and tanneries in the Valley--including the Timberville extract (ooze) factory, and the Ziegler, Elkton and Houck tanneries of Rockingham County, Virginia. Transcription summary and letters are related to an interview with Mrs. Lettie Albrite and niece (Ms. Turner-Ritchie) conducted by Mia Barb, at Camelot Nursing Home, Harrisonburg, Va. on March 29, 1991. Refers to Mrs. Albrite's reminiscences of the bark extracting factory at Timberville, Va.; mentions Gen. John Roller, owner. Full transcription and tape of this interview are unavailable.","This interview records the reminiscences of Mr. Wilkins' (D.D. \"Hun\") days as a bark peeler of chestnut oak and hemlock in the Alleghenny mountains of West Virginia, especially in and around Lost River (also Stump's Run, Moorefield, Lost City and Trout Run). Mentions chestnut blight; blizzard of April 27, 1928. Mentions the Maryland-W. Va. Lumber Co., Natrick Lumber Co. and Williamsport, Md. Tannery. Reminiscences about conditions in the camps","This interview records the reminiscences of Mr. Yankey's days as a bark peeler of chestnut oak and hemlock in the Allegheny mountains in areas around Petersburg, Moorefield, Franklin, Cheat Mt., Cass, and Lost City, W. Va. Describes the process of peeling and transporting the bark. Mentions social life and medical care in camps. Refers to paper mill strike in Davis; work in the Timberville, Va. Peach Cannery. Recorded at the home of Mr. Leecy Yankey of Bergton, Va. on Feb. 26, 1991.","This interview records the reminiscences of Mr. Barb's days as a bark peeler of black, red and white oak in the Allegheny mountains region of Rockingham County, Va., in particular Little Turley Mt. Describes the process of peeling and transporting bark including detailed information on how draft animals (horses and mules) were used. Mentions social life, etc. in the camps. Worked for Neff Lumber Mills at Skidmore Fork Lumber Camp, etc. Recorded at the home of Mr. Kale Barb of Fairway Hills, Harrisonburg, Va. on March 9, 1991","Copyright interests for the interviews in this collection have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. \nCopyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user.","Copyright interests for the interviews in this collection have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. \nCopyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user.","Provision of copies of materials in this collection in does not imply permission to utilize materials in excess of fair use. The researcher is solely responsible for determining the copyright status of materials and, if necessary, obtaining permission to use material from the copyright holder.","The copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.","This collection is comprised of a background paper on the tanbark industry and three oral history interviews recorded in 1987 and 1991 with individuals familiar with the tanbark industry in the central Shenandoah Valley. The 1987 interview was conducted jointly by Chris Bolgiano and John Coleman, and the subsequent two interviews were conducted in 1991 by Mia Barb as part of an oral history project internship.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Barb, Mia","Bolgiano, Chris","Coleman, John","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Tanbark industry in the Shenandoah Valley oral history collection, 1987"],"collection_ssim":["Tanbark industry in the Shenandoah Valley oral history collection, 1987"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SdArch 0004","/repositories/4/resources/592"],"unitid_tesim":["SdArch 0004","/repositories/4/resources/592"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"creator_ssm":["Barb, Mia","Barb, Mia","Bolgiano, Chris","Bolgiano, Chris"],"creator_ssim":["Barb, Mia","Barb, Mia","Bolgiano, Chris","Bolgiano, Chris"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Barb, Mia","Bolgiano, Chris","Coleman, John"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections"],"creators_ssim":["Barb, Mia","Bolgiano, Chris","Coleman, John","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections"],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright interests for the interviews in this collection have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. \nCopyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user."],"acqinfo_ssim":["1987 interview donated in _____ by Chris Bolgiano.\n1991 interviews and background paper donated in 1991 by Mia Barb."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Tanning -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanning -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Bark peeling -- Environmental aspects","Bark -- Harvesting","Bark peeling -- Economic aspects","Bark -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Leather industry and trade -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanneries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Tanneries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Industries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanners -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","oral histories (literary works)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Tanning -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanning -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Bark peeling -- Environmental aspects","Bark -- Harvesting","Bark peeling -- Economic aspects","Bark -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Leather industry and trade -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanneries -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Tanneries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Industries -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Tanners -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","oral histories (literary works)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.25 cubic feet 4 folders; 4 audiocassettes"],"extent_tesim":["0.25 cubic feet 4 folders; 4 audiocassettes"],"genreform_ssim":["oral histories (literary works)"],"date_range_isim":[1987,1991],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAccess to oral history interviews is governed by agreements with the narrators. All interviews in this collection are open for research without restriction. \nResearchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Special Collections staff at \u003ca href=\"mailto:library-special@jmu.edu\"\u003elibrary-special@jmu.edu\u003c/a\u003e before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eOral history is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access","Access Conditions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Access to oral history interviews is governed by agreements with the narrators. All interviews in this collection are open for research without restriction. \nResearchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Special Collections staff at library-special@jmu.edu before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Oral history is open for research."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA bound volume that comprises copies of the transcripts of each interview in this collection as well as a copy of the project background paper and any related materials is cataloged as a monograph and is available as part of the Libraries' circulating collection under the title, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eTanbark industry : part of an oral history project on the tanbark industry in the Shenandoah Valley\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["A bound volume that comprises copies of the transcripts of each interview in this collection as well as a copy of the project background paper and any related materials is cataloged as a monograph and is available as part of the Libraries' circulating collection under the title, Tanbark industry : part of an oral history project on the tanbark industry in the Shenandoah Valley."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTwo of the oral history interviews in this collection were conducted by by Mia Barb, an undergraduate at JMU, who completed the project as part of an internship in Special Collections during 1991 that was jointly sponsored by Carrier Library Special Collections and the U.S. Forest Service. The interview with D.D. Wilkins recorded in 1987 was conducted jointly by Chris Bolgiano, head of Special Collections and freelance forestry writer, and John Coleman, an employee of the U.S. Forest Service.\nThe 1987 interview was conducted in support of the research interests of Chris Bolgiano, who has published scholarship on forestry and the tanbark industry in Appalachia. That interview was assembled with the other two interviews conducted by Mia Barb in 1991 due to the topical focus on the tanbark industry to form a collection of three interviews.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Two of the oral history interviews in this collection were conducted by by Mia Barb, an undergraduate at JMU, who completed the project as part of an internship in Special Collections during 1991 that was jointly sponsored by Carrier Library Special Collections and the U.S. Forest Service. The interview with D.D. Wilkins recorded in 1987 was conducted jointly by Chris Bolgiano, head of Special Collections and freelance forestry writer, and John Coleman, an employee of the U.S. Forest Service.\nThe 1987 interview was conducted in support of the research interests of Chris Bolgiano, who has published scholarship on forestry and the tanbark industry in Appalachia. That interview was assembled with the other two interviews conducted by Mia Barb in 1991 due to the topical focus on the tanbark industry to form a collection of three interviews."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item/interview], [date of item/interview], Tanbark Industry in the Shenandoah Valley Oral History Collection, SdArch 0004, Special Collections, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item/interview], [date of item/interview], Tanbark Industry in the Shenandoah Valley Oral History Collection, SdArch 0004, Special Collections, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 2008, Libraries' staff in the media resources department reformatted the contents of the original audio cassettes in this collection, using a Tascam CC-222MKII CD recorder / cassette combination deck to transfer digitized m4a and mp3 files onto MAM-A Gold Archival 700MB CD-Rs to serve as both access copies and preservation storage.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 2018, the digital archivist in Special Collections completed a large-scale re-processing project to transfer reformatted born-digital files stored on gold CDs off of the physical media and into access and preservation storage environments on Libraries servers. As part of this project, the digital archivist also combined audio files when appropriate for interviews that were originally recorded across multiple pieces of physical media or on different sides of a single piece of media, and applied a new file naming convention constructed from the oral history collection identifer and a component unique identifer used to differentiate among interviews at the file level in the archival description. The archivist saved these newly combined interview files in .wav file format for preservation storage, and also created derivative access file copies in .mp3 file format.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 2025, as part of an oral history redescription project, archivists corrected errors in file names for audio files in this collection to align with existing file naming conventions for digitized Special Collections materials, and to ensure that all component unique identifiers used within file names for digital surrogates matched the identifiers employed in the corresponding archival description.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In 2008, Libraries' staff in the media resources department reformatted the contents of the original audio cassettes in this collection, using a Tascam CC-222MKII CD recorder / cassette combination deck to transfer digitized m4a and mp3 files onto MAM-A Gold Archival 700MB CD-Rs to serve as both access copies and preservation storage.","In 2018, the digital archivist in Special Collections completed a large-scale re-processing project to transfer reformatted born-digital files stored on gold CDs off of the physical media and into access and preservation storage environments on Libraries servers. As part of this project, the digital archivist also combined audio files when appropriate for interviews that were originally recorded across multiple pieces of physical media or on different sides of a single piece of media, and applied a new file naming convention constructed from the oral history collection identifer and a component unique identifer used to differentiate among interviews at the file level in the archival description. The archivist saved these newly combined interview files in .wav file format for preservation storage, and also created derivative access file copies in .mp3 file format.","In 2025, as part of an oral history redescription project, archivists corrected errors in file names for audio files in this collection to align with existing file naming conventions for digitized Special Collections materials, and to ensure that all component unique identifiers used within file names for digital surrogates matched the identifiers employed in the corresponding archival description."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA paper authored by Chris Bolgiano was presented in 1999 at the Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar titled \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eTanbark harvesting as an economic and environmental factor in Appalachia\u003c/emph\u003e, is available as part of the \u003cref target=\"d97c77781f8962e65556de93483dfb84\"\u003eShenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar records, SC 0205\u003c/ref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["A paper authored by Chris Bolgiano was presented in 1999 at the Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar titled Tanbark harvesting as an economic and environmental factor in Appalachia, is available as part of the Shenandoah Valley Regional Studies Seminar records, SC 0205."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is comprised of a background paper and three audio recordings with corresponding transcripts of oral history interviews conducted in 1987 and 1991 with individuals familiar with the history of the tanbark industry in the central Shenandoah Valley. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe background paper explores topics related the various processes used to produce leather, including references to the peeling, grinding, and extracting of bark to yield the tannin (tannic acid) used to tan animals skins and hides. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe interviews focus specifically on the mills, extract factories, and tanneries in the Shenandoah Valley, including the Timberville extract factory, and the Ziegler, Elkton, and Houck tanneries of Rockingham County, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003e13-leaf monograph describes the tanning industry in the United States and in particular the Shenandoah Valley. Both general information about the industry and specifics about the tanbark process are included. The various processes used to produce leather are described, including references to the peeling, grinding and extracting of bark to yield the tannin (tannic acid) which was used to tan animals skins and hides. References are made to American tanneries in general; specific information is supplied about bark mills, extract factories and tanneries in the Valley--including the Timberville extract (ooze) factory, and the Ziegler, Elkton and Houck tanneries of Rockingham County, Virginia. Transcription summary and letters are related to an interview with Mrs. Lettie Albrite and niece (Ms. Turner-Ritchie) conducted by Mia Barb, at Camelot Nursing Home, Harrisonburg, Va. on March 29, 1991. Refers to Mrs. Albrite's reminiscences of the bark extracting factory at Timberville, Va.; mentions Gen. John Roller, owner. Full transcription and tape of this interview are unavailable.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview records the reminiscences of Mr. Wilkins' (D.D. \"Hun\") days as a bark peeler of chestnut oak and hemlock in the Alleghenny mountains of West Virginia, especially in and around Lost River (also Stump's Run, Moorefield, Lost City and Trout Run). Mentions chestnut blight; blizzard of April 27, 1928. Mentions the Maryland-W. Va. Lumber Co., Natrick Lumber Co. and Williamsport, Md. Tannery. Reminiscences about conditions in the camps\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview records the reminiscences of Mr. Yankey's days as a bark peeler of chestnut oak and hemlock in the Allegheny mountains in areas around Petersburg, Moorefield, Franklin, Cheat Mt., Cass, and Lost City, W. Va. Describes the process of peeling and transporting the bark. Mentions social life and medical care in camps. Refers to paper mill strike in Davis; work in the Timberville, Va. Peach Cannery. Recorded at the home of Mr. Leecy Yankey of Bergton, Va. on Feb. 26, 1991.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview records the reminiscences of Mr. Barb's days as a bark peeler of black, red and white oak in the Allegheny mountains region of Rockingham County, Va., in particular Little Turley Mt. Describes the process of peeling and transporting bark including detailed information on how draft animals (horses and mules) were used. Mentions social life, etc. in the camps. Worked for Neff Lumber Mills at Skidmore Fork Lumber Camp, etc. Recorded at the home of Mr. Kale Barb of Fairway Hills, Harrisonburg, Va. on March 9, 1991\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection is comprised of a background paper and three audio recordings with corresponding transcripts of oral history interviews conducted in 1987 and 1991 with individuals familiar with the history of the tanbark industry in the central Shenandoah Valley.","The background paper explores topics related the various processes used to produce leather, including references to the peeling, grinding, and extracting of bark to yield the tannin (tannic acid) used to tan animals skins and hides.","The interviews focus specifically on the mills, extract factories, and tanneries in the Shenandoah Valley, including the Timberville extract factory, and the Ziegler, Elkton, and Houck tanneries of Rockingham County, Virginia.","13-leaf monograph describes the tanning industry in the United States and in particular the Shenandoah Valley. Both general information about the industry and specifics about the tanbark process are included. The various processes used to produce leather are described, including references to the peeling, grinding and extracting of bark to yield the tannin (tannic acid) which was used to tan animals skins and hides. References are made to American tanneries in general; specific information is supplied about bark mills, extract factories and tanneries in the Valley--including the Timberville extract (ooze) factory, and the Ziegler, Elkton and Houck tanneries of Rockingham County, Virginia. Transcription summary and letters are related to an interview with Mrs. Lettie Albrite and niece (Ms. Turner-Ritchie) conducted by Mia Barb, at Camelot Nursing Home, Harrisonburg, Va. on March 29, 1991. Refers to Mrs. Albrite's reminiscences of the bark extracting factory at Timberville, Va.; mentions Gen. John Roller, owner. Full transcription and tape of this interview are unavailable.","This interview records the reminiscences of Mr. Wilkins' (D.D. \"Hun\") days as a bark peeler of chestnut oak and hemlock in the Alleghenny mountains of West Virginia, especially in and around Lost River (also Stump's Run, Moorefield, Lost City and Trout Run). Mentions chestnut blight; blizzard of April 27, 1928. Mentions the Maryland-W. Va. Lumber Co., Natrick Lumber Co. and Williamsport, Md. Tannery. Reminiscences about conditions in the camps","This interview records the reminiscences of Mr. Yankey's days as a bark peeler of chestnut oak and hemlock in the Allegheny mountains in areas around Petersburg, Moorefield, Franklin, Cheat Mt., Cass, and Lost City, W. Va. Describes the process of peeling and transporting the bark. Mentions social life and medical care in camps. Refers to paper mill strike in Davis; work in the Timberville, Va. Peach Cannery. Recorded at the home of Mr. Leecy Yankey of Bergton, Va. on Feb. 26, 1991.","This interview records the reminiscences of Mr. Barb's days as a bark peeler of black, red and white oak in the Allegheny mountains region of Rockingham County, Va., in particular Little Turley Mt. Describes the process of peeling and transporting bark including detailed information on how draft animals (horses and mules) were used. Mentions social life, etc. in the camps. Worked for Neff Lumber Mills at Skidmore Fork Lumber Camp, etc. Recorded at the home of Mr. Kale Barb of Fairway Hills, Harrisonburg, Va. on March 9, 1991"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright interests for the interviews in this collection have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. \nCopyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eCopyright interests for the interviews in this collection have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. \nCopyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProvision of copies of materials in this collection in does not imply permission to utilize materials in excess of fair use. The researcher is solely responsible for determining the copyright status of materials and, if necessary, obtaining permission to use material from the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use","Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright interests for the interviews in this collection have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. \nCopyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user.","Copyright interests for the interviews in this collection have been transferred to James Madison University Special Collections. \nCopyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user.","Provision of copies of materials in this collection in does not imply permission to utilize materials in excess of fair use. The researcher is solely responsible for determining the copyright status of materials and, if necessary, obtaining permission to use material from the copyright holder.","The copyright interests have been transferred to Carrier Library."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_b7211b70131e82bd9621ecc8f329ef41\"\u003eThis collection is comprised of a background paper on the tanbark industry and three oral history interviews recorded in 1987 and 1991 with individuals familiar with the tanbark industry in the central Shenandoah Valley. The 1987 interview was conducted jointly by Chris Bolgiano and John Coleman, and the subsequent two interviews were conducted in 1991 by Mia Barb as part of an oral history project internship.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection is comprised of a background paper on the tanbark industry and three oral history interviews recorded in 1987 and 1991 with individuals familiar with the tanbark industry in the central Shenandoah Valley. The 1987 interview was conducted jointly by Chris Bolgiano and John Coleman, and the subsequent two interviews were conducted in 1991 by Mia Barb as part of an oral history project internship."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Barb, Mia","Bolgiano, Chris","Coleman, John"],"names_coll_ssim":["Barb, Mia","Bolgiano, Chris"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Barb, Mia","Bolgiano, Chris","Coleman, John"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":10,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:53.919Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_592"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"James Madison University","value":"James Madison University","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Bolgiano%2C+Chris\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1991\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Bolgiano%2C+Chris\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1991"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Avtex Fibers, Inc. 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