{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=The+Thomas+Harrison+Hunter+papers\u0026view=compact","next":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=The+Thomas+Harrison+Hunter+papers\u0026page=2\u0026view=compact","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=The+Thomas+Harrison+Hunter+papers\u0026page=404\u0026view=compact"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":2,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":404,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":4039,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521_c359","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"1931--HELEN [] TO THOMAS H. HUNTER","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521_c359#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521_c359","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521_c359"],"id":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521_c359","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115","_root_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521","parent_ssim":["viu_repositories_7_resources_115","viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_7_resources_115","viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers","HUNTER ADDITION"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers","HUNTER ADDITION"],"text":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers","HUNTER ADDITION","1931--HELEN [] TO THOMAS H. 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HUNTER"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":3880,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions"],"date_range_isim":[1931],"containers_ssim":["box 09","folder 04"],"_nest_path_":"/components#3520/components#358","timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:48:36.769Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115","_root_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_7_resources_115.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/100","title_ssm":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers"],"title_tesim":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1934-1995"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1934-1995"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.4","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/115"],"text":["MS.4","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/115","The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers","Hunter main collection of career papers and assorted objects: 118 boxes, 13 cm x 39.5 cm x 26.5\n\n\nHunter addition of mainly family correspondence and memorabilia and interviews with Hunter from 1993 to 1997: 15 boxes, 14 boxes are 13 cm x 39.5 cm x 26.5 cm, 1 box is 27 cm x 33 cm x 41 cm.","There are no restrictions.","\nThomas Harrison Hunter was born in Chicago on October 12, 1913. Despite a childhood bout with polio that left him on crutches from the age of seven, Hunter was a coxswain on the crew teams at both Harvard and Cambridge, where he was a Henry Fellow at Trinity Hall. He completed his medical education at Harvard Medical School.\n","\nDuring his internship and residency training at Columbia University Presbyterian Hospital in New York, Hunter began the clinical research that would lead to a dual antibiotic treatment for bacterial endocarditis, an infection of the heart's lining and valves that had previously been uniformly fatal.\n","\nHunter was Dean of the University of Virginia School of Medicine from 1953 to 1965, Chancellor for Medical Affairs from 1965 to 1970, and Vice President for Medical Affairs from 1970 to 1971. In 1970 he received the Thomas Jefferson Award, the highest honor bestowed by the University of Virginia. In 1973 he received the Raven Award for excellence in service and contribution to the University. In 1971 Hunter was named Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science, co-founding the model Program in Human Biology and Society with Joseph Fletcher. In addition he served as President of the American Association of Medical Colleges (AAMC) and Treasurer of the Pan American Federation of Associations of Medical Schools (PAFAMS), of which he was a founder.\n","\nThomas H. Hunter was deeply interested in international medicine, arguing that health and medicine provide a uniquely powerful bridge to international understanding. In his presidential address to the AAMC in 1960, Hunter called the attention of the United States medical community to its opportunities and responsibilities in other countries. Accompanied by his wife, Anne Fulcher Hunter and their five children, Hunter spent a year teaching in Cali, Colombia as a representative of the Rockefeller Foundation. He also worked and taught in Egypt, Venezuela, Tunisia, Kenya, Cameroon, Chile, and Brazil. The Thomas H. Hunter Professorship of International Medicine was established in 1989 by the University of Virginia Medical School.\n","\nThroughout his career, Thomas H. Hunter served in an advisory capacity to numerous medical schools in the United States and was a pioneer in the field of bioethics. His life was characterized by the promulgation of scientific excellence combined with human compassion. Thomas H. Hunter died on October 23, 1997 at his home in Cismont, Virginia.\n","Processed by: Historical Collections Staff","Finding Aid by M. Alison White","\nThe Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers comprises 118 boxes of official correspondence, statistical reports, ledgers and appointment books, photographs, medals and certificates, student notebooks, conference booklets, reprints of scientific and administrative articles, microscope slides, cassettes, and videotapes.\n","\nThe Hunter Addition to the Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers consists of fourteen boxes of personal papers which complement the original collection.\n","These videos document a series of interviews with Dr. Thomas H. Hunter conducted by Dr. Edward W. Hook. The subject matter is biographical, with special emphasis on Dr. Hunter's experiences as Dean of the University of Virginia School of Medicine, Chancellor of Medical affairs, and Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science.","Hunter describes parents, grandparents, uncles, parents' divorce, transportation of that era, family finances, and his childhood before polio.","Hunter describes effects of polio; living with his mother in Boston while receiving treatment; remarriage of mother; spending summers in Niles, Michigan; school years; classmates that became life-long friends; participating on the rowing team; not being considered \"a cripple.\"","Hunter describes \"no books, no God\"; superstition about the number 13; polio and the possible cause; polio treatment; career choices; father, mother, grandfathers, and Aunt Jesse; summers in Niles, Michigan; schools, headmasters and classmates; importance of participating on rowing team despite being disabled in that era.","\nVideo concludes with Photographs of family, friends and Dr. Hunter at various ages. Images show: Grandfather Hunter; Florence (Patchen) Hunter, grandmother; father in office, the early years before marriage; father smoking a pipe in front of a mirror; Aunt Jesse (devoted herself to 4 generations of Hunter men, never married, and lived with Dr. Hunter until her death); Hunter's mother and him as an infant; Uncle on mother's side; Hunter as an infant; Hunter and mother at approximate age of 2 l/2 - 3 years old; Hunter in wagon, about 3 years old; Barron Lake with grandfather and Aunt Jesse; Hunter on tricycle, about 4 years old; Hunter working with grandfather on farm in Niles, Michigan, about 5-6 years old; Hunter with father at about 5; Hunter with wagon and horse, which belonged to the neighbor; Uncle LeMont, father, and Hunter, first year after polio in 1922 at Barron Lake house; Hunter on crutches at the Niles, Michigan home; Class of Belmont Hill, Boston; Mother at a much later date; Hunter 9 - 11 years old; Hunter, 21 years old, an undergraduate at Harvard, about 1934.\n","Hunter describes his years at Bellmont Hill School, Boston, as the formative days of his childhood. He is very thankful for the time, events, and people of these years at this school; thought of headmasters and friends as his family; was a Monday thru Friday boarder and home on weekends; participated in rowing, tennis, golf and the football team; won prizes in French and Latin and the School Medal; learned the value of team effort; became aware of his polio and its residual damage, but accepted it and incorporated it into his life.","Hunter describes majoring in Psychology and Philosophy; financing his education through scholarships and employment; the pros and cons of Harvard University; his experiences on the honors bracket, student council, as officer of the class, as member of the Signet Society, and playing golf; his favorite courses in the fine arts.","Hunter graduated from Harvard and traveled by sea to England; was assigned a room at the Inner Court of Trinity Hall; received the Henry Fellowship for 1 year; stayed at Cambridge for 3 years; was coxswain on the rowing team; received the Henry Fellowship his second year; continued rowing in year three and received his \"blue\" (letter) on the varsity team; studied and worked all year with no exams; completed oral examinations for a week at the end of the year.","Hunter prepared for studying medicine at Harvard. Courses of study included anatomy, biochemistry, physiology, pharmacology, pathology, and organic chemistry. Students were assigned a tutor who oversaw the college, economic, and cultural life of the student. Hunter departed from Cambridge in 1938; was \"very obtuse to the menace of Hitler and war and never got the full impact of the war\" until much later; returned to Harvard to pursue medical education fall, 1938.","Hunter started Harvard Medical School fall, 1938 and graduated 1940; satisfied basic science requirements, but had limited clinical experience; had Dr. Stead, as instructor at the Boston City Hospital; rotated between 3 different hospitals; did surgical rotation at Brigham Young; worked with Dr. Gamble in the lab (this was his first move into research and lab work); co-authored a paper with Dr. Alfred Shoal on the development and method for measuring serum protein; began internship at the Presbyterian Hospital in New York, February, 1941; married in 1943.","Hunter graduated in 1940; completed internship, 1941-1944; completed residency in 1945. Dr. William Parson, Professor Emeritus, University of Virginia and Chairman of the Department of Medicine 1949-1966 joins Dr. Hunter and Dr. Hook in part 9. Both had interned at Presbyterian Hospital in New York. Parson was one year ahead of Hunter. Hunter was a \"pup\" for 3 months which involved doing procedures, testing, and lab work from the periphery. After 3 months Hunter rotated to surgery, took care of patients, did private service, worked on female and male wards. After attack on Pearl Harbor everyone went off to war. Hunter remained in the United States; married on March 7, 1943; completed residency in 1945; attended the Army Medical School, Walter Reed Hospital, and studied tropical medicine; travelled to Cost Rica where he observed poor patient care which impacted him deeply; became instructor in medicine at the College of Physicians and Surgery at Columbia University; worked with penicillin in the early days of development and manufacture; participated in human research; wrestled with ethical decisions regarding informed consent of the patient.","Hunter quickly assumed higher position and responsibilities at Columbia; received intense clinical experience during this time; described how Dr. Parson was instrumental in bringing Dr. Hunter to U.Va. as Chairman of Internal Medicine; visited UVA in 1952 and was impressed but still did not want the job; was re-invited to U.Va. to be the Dean; as Dean, built relationships with universities, medical schools, and the NIH; through relationship with the NIH and Ken Crispell, contributed to the expansion of the basic sciences buildings; regretted resisting expansion and fund raising during his years as dean; experienced hostility when he signed a document and agreed with Medicare during the Kennedy administration; traveled to South America to work and he was ousted from the deanship while away; became Chancellor in 1964; regretted not anticipating or respecting the roles of African-Americans and women in medicine, education, and leadership; worked to keep the medical school an integral part of the university.","Hunter earned a $2500.00 salary after finishing residency in 1947; decided he could not stay at the hospital; entered private practice where first annual salary was $13,000.00; traveled to South America for 6 weeks; worked in the United Fruit Company hospital where most patients were employees with various diseases and conditions; remained an instructor at Columbia, studying, investigating, and treating patients with penicillin from Pfizer; taught many nursing students; was contacted by Washington University in 1947; moved to Washington University in St. Louis in 1947 with wife, 2 children, elderly aunt and a maid; attended on the ward with no private practice; had his own lab where he could continue his work with penicillin; was promoted to Associate Professor of Medicine and Associate Dean; uncovered the synergy between penicillin and streptomycin (this discovery occurred while treating a patient).","Hunter was invited by Dr. Parsons in 1952 for job as the Dean of Medicine; though the School of Medicine was very small and poor, but had an excellent reputation for turning out reputable graduates. Hunter found the budget situation impossible to work with; was invited back to U.Va. after all candidates had been interviewed. Colgate Darden was the current president and was persuasive in convincing Hunter to come to U.Va. Hunter was attracted by the fact that the University was an old school with great assets. He viewed U.Va. as a relatively small, manageable, high quality academic setting not requiring a big administrative machine. Hunter's agenda included gaining financial support from the State Assembly, turning out more graduates on a slightly larger scale, accepting the cream-of-the-crop applicants, and providing better jobs and training. Hunter's first years were spent working with students, teaching, and being with patients. He did not come to U.Va. with aggressive ideas for building and growth.","Hunter arrived as Dean February, 1953; was 40 years old; had to work with an impossible budget; recieved a low salary; reported to the President of the University; was moved by the degree of growth and quality of the University; saw that there was a lot to be accomplished. There was a faculty of about 50-60 people and 76 students; almost all male; almost all white; from a wide geographic distribution. Hunter worked to break down the negative attitude of potential faculty recruits who saw U.Va. as poor, small, restricted, and provincial; agitated some because he did not want to build buildings, but build people; had a small lab in McKim and a grant during his first 7-10 years; worked on the chemical mechanism of penicillin on different states of organisms and antibacterial activities in other places and its effects in water, plants, and foreign bodies. Hunter's interests declined in the lab, and he became more excited by teaching. He focused on NIH, AAMC, international affairs, and ethics. This took him outside the University and has been attributed to putting the School of Medicine on the map. Hunter also had difficulties in the early years regarding racism and his \"color blindness,\" the Rose Garden affair (Medicare), and a speech he gave to a national gathering of pharmacologists blasting McCarthy.","Hunter's strongest supporters during this period were Dr. Parsons, Doug Eastwood, and Dave Smith. Hunter felt that the Dean had to balance obligation to the university and the department; emphasized a cooperative environment at the School of Medicine where people were comfortable together; did not realize how inadequate many of the facilities were and how the financial structure needed a boost from various sources; credits Ken Crispell with the vision that moved the School forward (Crispell obtained grants to construct buildings for the basic sciences); during this time was president of AAMC, served a 6 year tour at Harvard Board of Overseers, and worked with the NIH International Committee; conceded that his outside interests took up a lot of his time from the University; spent 1962-1963 in California and Colombia; became Chancellor for Medical Affairs in 1966; served as a member of the Center for Advanced Study; was involved with the Rose Garden Affair (Medicare).","Hunter temporarily re-located because of the reaction to his support of Medicare (the Rose Garden Affair); was invited by the Rockefeller Foundation and NIH to start a new international medical school program; relocated to California. The program sought to develop American-style medical schools abroad in key areas. Hunter describes the difficulties of implementing the program in Colombia; outlines reasons for its failure. Spring, 1963, Hunter suffered a collapsed lung and underwent surgery. Complications occurred and he was sent to Presbyterian Hospital in New York. Fall, 1963, Hunter, still recovering, returned to U.Va. and stepped down to become Chancellor of Medical Affairs.","Hunter discusses the separation of the School of Public Health and the School of Medicine; discusses reasons for his stepping down as Dean of the School of Medicine; became Chancellor of Medical Affairs (title was later changed to Vice President of Health Affairs with no change in responsibilities); in 1971 named Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science; no longer required to work in the framework of the administration.","Hunter clarifies points from previous interviews and discusses future topics of conversation; gives views on retirement (retired in 1981 at the age of 68); felt that he should retire so as not to be a \"financial drain\" on the institution; realizes that his time at UVA was a period where many changes were taking place across the country and at UVA in school structures, requirements, and financial support; was a member of several prestigious societies: Center for Advanced Studies, speaker at a seminar at the Centennial Meeting Of the Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Chair of the University Wide Purpose Committee, Distinguished Service Member of AAMC, President of AAMC, UVA Senate, and a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences; was instrumental in starting several Medical Schools: Brown, Morehouse College; Tufts; was awarded the Thomas Jefferson Award and the Raven Society Award.","Dr. Hook clarifies date and content of the letter of resignation written by Hunter on March 24, 1964 to Dr. Edgar Shannon. It was understood that Dr. Ken Crispell, who had been serving in the position as Acting Dean would be appointed as Dean of the Medical School on the same day. Also on March 24, 1964 Shannon made Hunter Chancellor. Crispell wanted to tighten up the Medical School administration and Hunter wanted to \"branch out\" into various areas of the SChool of Medicine and University. Hunter wanted to explore the national and international aspects of medical education. Crispell sent Hunter a letter on April 3, 1964 outlining the concerns he had with vacant positions due to illness and positions vacated by faculty for various reasons. Hunter and Crispell worked together identifying and recruiting people for the various vacant positions in the basic sciences. Hook then investigates Hunter's views on God, love, marriage, homosexuality, HIV/AIDS, and prostitution.","Dr. Norman Thornton is interviewed with Hunter and recalls times when Hunter was Dean and Chancellor and the Rose Garden Affair. Thornton was a U.Va. undergraduate in 1926; graduated in 1936; served 4 years in the military; was associated with U.Va. as a student and faculty member for 29 years; gives gave his views and discusses Hunter's years as Dean, sojourn to California, illness, return to dean after illness, resignation and appointment as chancellor; notes that since the beginning Hunter did not want administrative responsibilities. Hunter delegated to department heads; had an open door policy and provided help whenever he could, considering the poor budget; did not interfere with the department heads. Prominent figures in Hunter's office were John Stacy, who was in charge of the hospital and Vincent Shay who was in charge of getting financial support for the institution. Vincent Archer and Hank Mulholland were responsible for all political aspects of getting money from Richmond. Ken Crispell is given credit for putting U.Va. on the map because of his promotion of the basic sciences and building expansions.","Harlen was the administrative assistant when Hunter was Dean in 1953. Harlin verifies the history of Hunter as dean, chancellor, and Professor Emeritus; discusses the pressure from alumni to fire Hunter over his support of Medicare; states that Hunter was a born leader; discusses Hunter's personnel interactions and budget management. The interview reviews the relationships of faculty, Dean, Vice President, and administrators at U.Va.; management styles; politics and economics; enormous changes of women rights and equality.","Interview with Dr. Robert M. Berne and Hunter. Berne was Chairman of the Physiology Department 1966-1988; Professor Emeritus in 1994; was recruited by Hunter to head the Physiology Department; was impressed by the new buildings, funding and grants available for renovations, and availability of new equipment and personnel. Most of Berne's contact was with Ken Crispell. They discuss overall lack of funding in light of inflation, researcher salaries, and decline in support from the state.","Dr. Hook and Dr. Leo S. Falk are with Dr. Hunter at his home in Cismont, VA. Dr. Hunter is in poor health, confined to his bed; is thankful for a fulfilling life; expresses a desire to be let \"out of the trap he finds himself in\"; reminisces and gives short bio of his life; cannot understand why people are delaying his death; has no interest in prolonging his existence; asks Dr. Hook to provide a morphine drip and let him peacefully slip away; discusses the topic of personal suicide, physician assisted suicide, and the legalities involved; asks Hook to \"arrange for me to be allowed to have an appropriate exit.\" Dr. Thomas Hunter died October 23, 1997.","Dr. Hook and Dr. Hunter discuss terminal illness and dying. Hunter has selected Hook to take care of medical decisions regarding his death when Hunter becomes incapable; does not want his wife to be burdened; discusses quality of life; emphasizes trust when selecting someone to make decisions regarding life support, resuscitation, withdrawing medications, etc.; felt that he was dying when he was in California; accepted it emotionally that he was dying; was not frightened by death. Hook and Hunter agree that patients with terminal illness are isolated. There should be care expanded to patients who know they do not have long to live. Today's medicine is so advanced; prolongs the biological life as long as the vital processes are going on. Lawyers and others are taking over all decisions in many cases. Jonathan Mednick, filmmaker; Margot White, producer","Interview with Dr. Hook and Hunter. Dr. Hunter is in poor health; discusses his quality of life and desire to be \"allowed to die\"; expresses feelings about Hook's refusal to assist in suicide; discusses his legacy and how he wants to be remembered after death; shares thoughts about possible suicide of father and grandfather; expresses pride in his grandson. After the interview, Hook records his own thoughts about Hunter's views on the topics of personal suicide and physician assisted suicide.","There are no restrictions","Claude Moore Health Sciences Library","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.4","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/115"],"normalized_title_ssm":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers"],"collection_ssim":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Hunter main collection of career papers and assorted objects: 118 boxes, 13 cm x 39.5 cm x 26.5\n\n\nHunter addition of mainly family correspondence and memorabilia and interviews with Hunter from 1993 to 1997: 15 boxes, 14 boxes are 13 cm x 39.5 cm x 26.5 cm, 1 box is 27 cm x 33 cm x 41 cm."],"extent_ssm":["56 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["56 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nThomas Harrison Hunter was born in Chicago on October 12, 1913. Despite a childhood bout with polio that left him on crutches from the age of seven, Hunter was a coxswain on the crew teams at both Harvard and Cambridge, where he was a Henry Fellow at Trinity Hall. He completed his medical education at Harvard Medical School.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nDuring his internship and residency training at Columbia University Presbyterian Hospital in New York, Hunter began the clinical research that would lead to a dual antibiotic treatment for bacterial endocarditis, an infection of the heart's lining and valves that had previously been uniformly fatal.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nHunter was Dean of the University of Virginia School of Medicine from 1953 to 1965, Chancellor for Medical Affairs from 1965 to 1970, and Vice President for Medical Affairs from 1970 to 1971. In 1970 he received the Thomas Jefferson Award, the highest honor bestowed by the University of Virginia. In 1973 he received the Raven Award for excellence in service and contribution to the University. In 1971 Hunter was named Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science, co-founding the model Program in Human Biology and Society with Joseph Fletcher. In addition he served as President of the American Association of Medical Colleges (AAMC) and Treasurer of the Pan American Federation of Associations of Medical Schools (PAFAMS), of which he was a founder.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThomas H. Hunter was deeply interested in international medicine, arguing that health and medicine provide a uniquely powerful bridge to international understanding. In his presidential address to the AAMC in 1960, Hunter called the attention of the United States medical community to its opportunities and responsibilities in other countries. Accompanied by his wife, Anne Fulcher Hunter and their five children, Hunter spent a year teaching in Cali, Colombia as a representative of the Rockefeller Foundation. He also worked and taught in Egypt, Venezuela, Tunisia, Kenya, Cameroon, Chile, and Brazil. The Thomas H. Hunter Professorship of International Medicine was established in 1989 by the University of Virginia Medical School.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThroughout his career, Thomas H. Hunter served in an advisory capacity to numerous medical schools in the United States and was a pioneer in the field of bioethics. His life was characterized by the promulgation of scientific excellence combined with human compassion. Thomas H. Hunter died on October 23, 1997 at his home in Cismont, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["\nThomas Harrison Hunter was born in Chicago on October 12, 1913. Despite a childhood bout with polio that left him on crutches from the age of seven, Hunter was a coxswain on the crew teams at both Harvard and Cambridge, where he was a Henry Fellow at Trinity Hall. He completed his medical education at Harvard Medical School.\n","\nDuring his internship and residency training at Columbia University Presbyterian Hospital in New York, Hunter began the clinical research that would lead to a dual antibiotic treatment for bacterial endocarditis, an infection of the heart's lining and valves that had previously been uniformly fatal.\n","\nHunter was Dean of the University of Virginia School of Medicine from 1953 to 1965, Chancellor for Medical Affairs from 1965 to 1970, and Vice President for Medical Affairs from 1970 to 1971. In 1970 he received the Thomas Jefferson Award, the highest honor bestowed by the University of Virginia. In 1973 he received the Raven Award for excellence in service and contribution to the University. In 1971 Hunter was named Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science, co-founding the model Program in Human Biology and Society with Joseph Fletcher. In addition he served as President of the American Association of Medical Colleges (AAMC) and Treasurer of the Pan American Federation of Associations of Medical Schools (PAFAMS), of which he was a founder.\n","\nThomas H. Hunter was deeply interested in international medicine, arguing that health and medicine provide a uniquely powerful bridge to international understanding. In his presidential address to the AAMC in 1960, Hunter called the attention of the United States medical community to its opportunities and responsibilities in other countries. Accompanied by his wife, Anne Fulcher Hunter and their five children, Hunter spent a year teaching in Cali, Colombia as a representative of the Rockefeller Foundation. He also worked and taught in Egypt, Venezuela, Tunisia, Kenya, Cameroon, Chile, and Brazil. The Thomas H. Hunter Professorship of International Medicine was established in 1989 by the University of Virginia Medical School.\n","\nThroughout his career, Thomas H. Hunter served in an advisory capacity to numerous medical schools in the United States and was a pioneer in the field of bioethics. His life was characterized by the promulgation of scientific excellence combined with human compassion. Thomas H. Hunter died on October 23, 1997 at his home in Cismont, Virginia.\n"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eProcessed by:\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eHistorical Collections Staff\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["Processed by: Historical Collections Staff"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers, MS-4, Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, Historical Collections and Services, University of Virginia\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers, MS-4, Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, Historical Collections and Services, University of Virginia"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFinding Aid by M. Alison White\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Finding Aid by M. Alison White"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nThe Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers comprises 118 boxes of official correspondence, statistical reports, ledgers and appointment books, photographs, medals and certificates, student notebooks, conference booklets, reprints of scientific and administrative articles, microscope slides, cassettes, and videotapes.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Hunter Addition to the Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers consists of fourteen boxes of personal papers which complement the original collection.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese videos document a series of interviews with Dr. Thomas H. Hunter conducted by Dr. Edward W. Hook. The subject matter is biographical, with special emphasis on Dr. Hunter's experiences as Dean of the University of Virginia School of Medicine, Chancellor of Medical affairs, and Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter describes parents, grandparents, uncles, parents' divorce, transportation of that era, family finances, and his childhood before polio.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter describes effects of polio; living with his mother in Boston while receiving treatment; remarriage of mother; spending summers in Niles, Michigan; school years; classmates that became life-long friends; participating on the rowing team; not being considered \"a cripple.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter describes \"no books, no God\"; superstition about the number 13; polio and the possible cause; polio treatment; career choices; father, mother, grandfathers, and Aunt Jesse; summers in Niles, Michigan; schools, headmasters and classmates; importance of participating on rowing team despite being disabled in that era.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nVideo concludes with Photographs of family, friends and Dr. Hunter at various ages. Images show: Grandfather Hunter; Florence (Patchen) Hunter, grandmother; father in office, the early years before marriage; father smoking a pipe in front of a mirror; Aunt Jesse (devoted herself to 4 generations of Hunter men, never married, and lived with Dr. Hunter until her death); Hunter's mother and him as an infant; Uncle on mother's side; Hunter as an infant; Hunter and mother at approximate age of 2 l/2 - 3 years old; Hunter in wagon, about 3 years old; Barron Lake with grandfather and Aunt Jesse; Hunter on tricycle, about 4 years old; Hunter working with grandfather on farm in Niles, Michigan, about 5-6 years old; Hunter with father at about 5; Hunter with wagon and horse, which belonged to the neighbor; Uncle LeMont, father, and Hunter, first year after polio in 1922 at Barron Lake house; Hunter on crutches at the Niles, Michigan home; Class of Belmont Hill, Boston; Mother at a much later date; Hunter 9 - 11 years old; Hunter, 21 years old, an undergraduate at Harvard, about 1934.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter describes his years at Bellmont Hill School, Boston, as the formative days of his childhood. He is very thankful for the time, events, and people of these years at this school; thought of headmasters and friends as his family; was a Monday thru Friday boarder and home on weekends; participated in rowing, tennis, golf and the football team; won prizes in French and Latin and the School Medal; learned the value of team effort; became aware of his polio and its residual damage, but accepted it and incorporated it into his life.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter describes majoring in Psychology and Philosophy; financing his education through scholarships and employment; the pros and cons of Harvard University; his experiences on the honors bracket, student council, as officer of the class, as member of the Signet Society, and playing golf; his favorite courses in the fine arts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter graduated from Harvard and traveled by sea to England; was assigned a room at the Inner Court of Trinity Hall; received the Henry Fellowship for 1 year; stayed at Cambridge for 3 years; was coxswain on the rowing team; received the Henry Fellowship his second year; continued rowing in year three and received his \"blue\" (letter) on the varsity team; studied and worked all year with no exams; completed oral examinations for a week at the end of the year.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter prepared for studying medicine at Harvard. Courses of study included anatomy, biochemistry, physiology, pharmacology, pathology, and organic chemistry. Students were assigned a tutor who oversaw the college, economic, and cultural life of the student. Hunter departed from Cambridge in 1938; was \"very obtuse to the menace of Hitler and war and never got the full impact of the war\" until much later; returned to Harvard to pursue medical education fall, 1938.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter started Harvard Medical School fall, 1938 and graduated 1940; satisfied basic science requirements, but had limited clinical experience; had Dr. Stead, as instructor at the Boston City Hospital; rotated between 3 different hospitals; did surgical rotation at Brigham Young; worked with Dr. Gamble in the lab (this was his first move into research and lab work); co-authored a paper with Dr. Alfred Shoal on the development and method for measuring serum protein; began internship at the Presbyterian Hospital in New York, February, 1941; married in 1943.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter graduated in 1940; completed internship, 1941-1944; completed residency in 1945. Dr. William Parson, Professor Emeritus, University of Virginia and Chairman of the Department of Medicine 1949-1966 joins Dr. Hunter and Dr. Hook in part 9. Both had interned at Presbyterian Hospital in New York. Parson was one year ahead of Hunter. Hunter was a \"pup\" for 3 months which involved doing procedures, testing, and lab work from the periphery. After 3 months Hunter rotated to surgery, took care of patients, did private service, worked on female and male wards. After attack on Pearl Harbor everyone went off to war. Hunter remained in the United States; married on March 7, 1943; completed residency in 1945; attended the Army Medical School, Walter Reed Hospital, and studied tropical medicine; travelled to Cost Rica where he observed poor patient care which impacted him deeply; became instructor in medicine at the College of Physicians and Surgery at Columbia University; worked with penicillin in the early days of development and manufacture; participated in human research; wrestled with ethical decisions regarding informed consent of the patient.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter quickly assumed higher position and responsibilities at Columbia; received intense clinical experience during this time; described how Dr. Parson was instrumental in bringing Dr. Hunter to U.Va. as Chairman of Internal Medicine; visited UVA in 1952 and was impressed but still did not want the job; was re-invited to U.Va. to be the Dean; as Dean, built relationships with universities, medical schools, and the NIH; through relationship with the NIH and Ken Crispell, contributed to the expansion of the basic sciences buildings; regretted resisting expansion and fund raising during his years as dean; experienced hostility when he signed a document and agreed with Medicare during the Kennedy administration; traveled to South America to work and he was ousted from the deanship while away; became Chancellor in 1964; regretted not anticipating or respecting the roles of African-Americans and women in medicine, education, and leadership; worked to keep the medical school an integral part of the university.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter earned a $2500.00 salary after finishing residency in 1947; decided he could not stay at the hospital; entered private practice where first annual salary was $13,000.00; traveled to South America for 6 weeks; worked in the United Fruit Company hospital where most patients were employees with various diseases and conditions; remained an instructor at Columbia, studying, investigating, and treating patients with penicillin from Pfizer; taught many nursing students; was contacted by Washington University in 1947; moved to Washington University in St. Louis in 1947 with wife, 2 children, elderly aunt and a maid; attended on the ward with no private practice; had his own lab where he could continue his work with penicillin; was promoted to Associate Professor of Medicine and Associate Dean; uncovered the synergy between penicillin and streptomycin (this discovery occurred while treating a patient).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter was invited by Dr. Parsons in 1952 for job as the Dean of Medicine; though the School of Medicine was very small and poor, but had an excellent reputation for turning out reputable graduates. Hunter found the budget situation impossible to work with; was invited back to U.Va. after all candidates had been interviewed. Colgate Darden was the current president and was persuasive in convincing Hunter to come to U.Va. Hunter was attracted by the fact that the University was an old school with great assets. He viewed U.Va. as a relatively small, manageable, high quality academic setting not requiring a big administrative machine. Hunter's agenda included gaining financial support from the State Assembly, turning out more graduates on a slightly larger scale, accepting the cream-of-the-crop applicants, and providing better jobs and training. Hunter's first years were spent working with students, teaching, and being with patients. He did not come to U.Va. with aggressive ideas for building and growth.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter arrived as Dean February, 1953; was 40 years old; had to work with an impossible budget; recieved a low salary; reported to the President of the University; was moved by the degree of growth and quality of the University; saw that there was a lot to be accomplished. There was a faculty of about 50-60 people and 76 students; almost all male; almost all white; from a wide geographic distribution. Hunter worked to break down the negative attitude of potential faculty recruits who saw U.Va. as poor, small, restricted, and provincial; agitated some because he did not want to build buildings, but build people; had a small lab in McKim and a grant during his first 7-10 years; worked on the chemical mechanism of penicillin on different states of organisms and antibacterial activities in other places and its effects in water, plants, and foreign bodies. Hunter's interests declined in the lab, and he became more excited by teaching. He focused on NIH, AAMC, international affairs, and ethics. This took him outside the University and has been attributed to putting the School of Medicine on the map. Hunter also had difficulties in the early years regarding racism and his \"color blindness,\" the Rose Garden affair (Medicare), and a speech he gave to a national gathering of pharmacologists blasting McCarthy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter's strongest supporters during this period were Dr. Parsons, Doug Eastwood, and Dave Smith. Hunter felt that the Dean had to balance obligation to the university and the department; emphasized a cooperative environment at the School of Medicine where people were comfortable together; did not realize how inadequate many of the facilities were and how the financial structure needed a boost from various sources; credits Ken Crispell with the vision that moved the School forward (Crispell obtained grants to construct buildings for the basic sciences); during this time was president of AAMC, served a 6 year tour at Harvard Board of Overseers, and worked with the NIH International Committee; conceded that his outside interests took up a lot of his time from the University; spent 1962-1963 in California and Colombia; became Chancellor for Medical Affairs in 1966; served as a member of the Center for Advanced Study; was involved with the Rose Garden Affair (Medicare).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter temporarily re-located because of the reaction to his support of Medicare (the Rose Garden Affair); was invited by the Rockefeller Foundation and NIH to start a new international medical school program; relocated to California. The program sought to develop American-style medical schools abroad in key areas. Hunter describes the difficulties of implementing the program in Colombia; outlines reasons for its failure. Spring, 1963, Hunter suffered a collapsed lung and underwent surgery. Complications occurred and he was sent to Presbyterian Hospital in New York. Fall, 1963, Hunter, still recovering, returned to U.Va. and stepped down to become Chancellor of Medical Affairs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter discusses the separation of the School of Public Health and the School of Medicine; discusses reasons for his stepping down as Dean of the School of Medicine; became Chancellor of Medical Affairs (title was later changed to Vice President of Health Affairs with no change in responsibilities); in 1971 named Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science; no longer required to work in the framework of the administration.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter clarifies points from previous interviews and discusses future topics of conversation; gives views on retirement (retired in 1981 at the age of 68); felt that he should retire so as not to be a \"financial drain\" on the institution; realizes that his time at UVA was a period where many changes were taking place across the country and at UVA in school structures, requirements, and financial support; was a member of several prestigious societies: Center for Advanced Studies, speaker at a seminar at the Centennial Meeting Of the Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Chair of the University Wide Purpose Committee, Distinguished Service Member of AAMC, President of AAMC, UVA Senate, and a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences; was instrumental in starting several Medical Schools: Brown, Morehouse College; Tufts; was awarded the Thomas Jefferson Award and the Raven Society Award.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Hook clarifies date and content of the letter of resignation written by Hunter on March 24, 1964 to Dr. Edgar Shannon. It was understood that Dr. Ken Crispell, who had been serving in the position as Acting Dean would be appointed as Dean of the Medical School on the same day. Also on March 24, 1964 Shannon made Hunter Chancellor. Crispell wanted to tighten up the Medical School administration and Hunter wanted to \"branch out\" into various areas of the SChool of Medicine and University. Hunter wanted to explore the national and international aspects of medical education. Crispell sent Hunter a letter on April 3, 1964 outlining the concerns he had with vacant positions due to illness and positions vacated by faculty for various reasons. Hunter and Crispell worked together identifying and recruiting people for the various vacant positions in the basic sciences. Hook then investigates Hunter's views on God, love, marriage, homosexuality, HIV/AIDS, and prostitution.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Norman Thornton is interviewed with Hunter and recalls times when Hunter was Dean and Chancellor and the Rose Garden Affair. Thornton was a U.Va. undergraduate in 1926; graduated in 1936; served 4 years in the military; was associated with U.Va. as a student and faculty member for 29 years; gives gave his views and discusses Hunter's years as Dean, sojourn to California, illness, return to dean after illness, resignation and appointment as chancellor; notes that since the beginning Hunter did not want administrative responsibilities. Hunter delegated to department heads; had an open door policy and provided help whenever he could, considering the poor budget; did not interfere with the department heads. Prominent figures in Hunter's office were John Stacy, who was in charge of the hospital and Vincent Shay who was in charge of getting financial support for the institution. Vincent Archer and Hank Mulholland were responsible for all political aspects of getting money from Richmond. Ken Crispell is given credit for putting U.Va. on the map because of his promotion of the basic sciences and building expansions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarlen was the administrative assistant when Hunter was Dean in 1953. Harlin verifies the history of Hunter as dean, chancellor, and Professor Emeritus; discusses the pressure from alumni to fire Hunter over his support of Medicare; states that Hunter was a born leader; discusses Hunter's personnel interactions and budget management. The interview reviews the relationships of faculty, Dean, Vice President, and administrators at U.Va.; management styles; politics and economics; enormous changes of women rights and equality.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterview with Dr. Robert M. Berne and Hunter. Berne was Chairman of the Physiology Department 1966-1988; Professor Emeritus in 1994; was recruited by Hunter to head the Physiology Department; was impressed by the new buildings, funding and grants available for renovations, and availability of new equipment and personnel. Most of Berne's contact was with Ken Crispell. They discuss overall lack of funding in light of inflation, researcher salaries, and decline in support from the state.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Hook and Dr. Leo S. Falk are with Dr. Hunter at his home in Cismont, VA. Dr. Hunter is in poor health, confined to his bed; is thankful for a fulfilling life; expresses a desire to be let \"out of the trap he finds himself in\"; reminisces and gives short bio of his life; cannot understand why people are delaying his death; has no interest in prolonging his existence; asks Dr. Hook to provide a morphine drip and let him peacefully slip away; discusses the topic of personal suicide, physician assisted suicide, and the legalities involved; asks Hook to \"arrange for me to be allowed to have an appropriate exit.\" Dr. Thomas Hunter died October 23, 1997.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Hook and Dr. Hunter discuss terminal illness and dying. Hunter has selected Hook to take care of medical decisions regarding his death when Hunter becomes incapable; does not want his wife to be burdened; discusses quality of life; emphasizes trust when selecting someone to make decisions regarding life support, resuscitation, withdrawing medications, etc.; felt that he was dying when he was in California; accepted it emotionally that he was dying; was not frightened by death. Hook and Hunter agree that patients with terminal illness are isolated. There should be care expanded to patients who know they do not have long to live. Today's medicine is so advanced; prolongs the biological life as long as the vital processes are going on. Lawyers and others are taking over all decisions in many cases. Jonathan Mednick, filmmaker; Margot White, producer\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterview with Dr. Hook and Hunter. Dr. Hunter is in poor health; discusses his quality of life and desire to be \"allowed to die\"; expresses feelings about Hook's refusal to assist in suicide; discusses his legacy and how he wants to be remembered after death; shares thoughts about possible suicide of father and grandfather; expresses pride in his grandson. After the interview, Hook records his own thoughts about Hunter's views on the topics of personal suicide and physician assisted suicide.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["\nThe Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers comprises 118 boxes of official correspondence, statistical reports, ledgers and appointment books, photographs, medals and certificates, student notebooks, conference booklets, reprints of scientific and administrative articles, microscope slides, cassettes, and videotapes.\n","\nThe Hunter Addition to the Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers consists of fourteen boxes of personal papers which complement the original collection.\n","These videos document a series of interviews with Dr. Thomas H. Hunter conducted by Dr. Edward W. Hook. The subject matter is biographical, with special emphasis on Dr. Hunter's experiences as Dean of the University of Virginia School of Medicine, Chancellor of Medical affairs, and Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science.","Hunter describes parents, grandparents, uncles, parents' divorce, transportation of that era, family finances, and his childhood before polio.","Hunter describes effects of polio; living with his mother in Boston while receiving treatment; remarriage of mother; spending summers in Niles, Michigan; school years; classmates that became life-long friends; participating on the rowing team; not being considered \"a cripple.\"","Hunter describes \"no books, no God\"; superstition about the number 13; polio and the possible cause; polio treatment; career choices; father, mother, grandfathers, and Aunt Jesse; summers in Niles, Michigan; schools, headmasters and classmates; importance of participating on rowing team despite being disabled in that era.","\nVideo concludes with Photographs of family, friends and Dr. Hunter at various ages. Images show: Grandfather Hunter; Florence (Patchen) Hunter, grandmother; father in office, the early years before marriage; father smoking a pipe in front of a mirror; Aunt Jesse (devoted herself to 4 generations of Hunter men, never married, and lived with Dr. Hunter until her death); Hunter's mother and him as an infant; Uncle on mother's side; Hunter as an infant; Hunter and mother at approximate age of 2 l/2 - 3 years old; Hunter in wagon, about 3 years old; Barron Lake with grandfather and Aunt Jesse; Hunter on tricycle, about 4 years old; Hunter working with grandfather on farm in Niles, Michigan, about 5-6 years old; Hunter with father at about 5; Hunter with wagon and horse, which belonged to the neighbor; Uncle LeMont, father, and Hunter, first year after polio in 1922 at Barron Lake house; Hunter on crutches at the Niles, Michigan home; Class of Belmont Hill, Boston; Mother at a much later date; Hunter 9 - 11 years old; Hunter, 21 years old, an undergraduate at Harvard, about 1934.\n","Hunter describes his years at Bellmont Hill School, Boston, as the formative days of his childhood. He is very thankful for the time, events, and people of these years at this school; thought of headmasters and friends as his family; was a Monday thru Friday boarder and home on weekends; participated in rowing, tennis, golf and the football team; won prizes in French and Latin and the School Medal; learned the value of team effort; became aware of his polio and its residual damage, but accepted it and incorporated it into his life.","Hunter describes majoring in Psychology and Philosophy; financing his education through scholarships and employment; the pros and cons of Harvard University; his experiences on the honors bracket, student council, as officer of the class, as member of the Signet Society, and playing golf; his favorite courses in the fine arts.","Hunter graduated from Harvard and traveled by sea to England; was assigned a room at the Inner Court of Trinity Hall; received the Henry Fellowship for 1 year; stayed at Cambridge for 3 years; was coxswain on the rowing team; received the Henry Fellowship his second year; continued rowing in year three and received his \"blue\" (letter) on the varsity team; studied and worked all year with no exams; completed oral examinations for a week at the end of the year.","Hunter prepared for studying medicine at Harvard. Courses of study included anatomy, biochemistry, physiology, pharmacology, pathology, and organic chemistry. Students were assigned a tutor who oversaw the college, economic, and cultural life of the student. Hunter departed from Cambridge in 1938; was \"very obtuse to the menace of Hitler and war and never got the full impact of the war\" until much later; returned to Harvard to pursue medical education fall, 1938.","Hunter started Harvard Medical School fall, 1938 and graduated 1940; satisfied basic science requirements, but had limited clinical experience; had Dr. Stead, as instructor at the Boston City Hospital; rotated between 3 different hospitals; did surgical rotation at Brigham Young; worked with Dr. Gamble in the lab (this was his first move into research and lab work); co-authored a paper with Dr. Alfred Shoal on the development and method for measuring serum protein; began internship at the Presbyterian Hospital in New York, February, 1941; married in 1943.","Hunter graduated in 1940; completed internship, 1941-1944; completed residency in 1945. Dr. William Parson, Professor Emeritus, University of Virginia and Chairman of the Department of Medicine 1949-1966 joins Dr. Hunter and Dr. Hook in part 9. Both had interned at Presbyterian Hospital in New York. Parson was one year ahead of Hunter. Hunter was a \"pup\" for 3 months which involved doing procedures, testing, and lab work from the periphery. After 3 months Hunter rotated to surgery, took care of patients, did private service, worked on female and male wards. After attack on Pearl Harbor everyone went off to war. Hunter remained in the United States; married on March 7, 1943; completed residency in 1945; attended the Army Medical School, Walter Reed Hospital, and studied tropical medicine; travelled to Cost Rica where he observed poor patient care which impacted him deeply; became instructor in medicine at the College of Physicians and Surgery at Columbia University; worked with penicillin in the early days of development and manufacture; participated in human research; wrestled with ethical decisions regarding informed consent of the patient.","Hunter quickly assumed higher position and responsibilities at Columbia; received intense clinical experience during this time; described how Dr. Parson was instrumental in bringing Dr. Hunter to U.Va. as Chairman of Internal Medicine; visited UVA in 1952 and was impressed but still did not want the job; was re-invited to U.Va. to be the Dean; as Dean, built relationships with universities, medical schools, and the NIH; through relationship with the NIH and Ken Crispell, contributed to the expansion of the basic sciences buildings; regretted resisting expansion and fund raising during his years as dean; experienced hostility when he signed a document and agreed with Medicare during the Kennedy administration; traveled to South America to work and he was ousted from the deanship while away; became Chancellor in 1964; regretted not anticipating or respecting the roles of African-Americans and women in medicine, education, and leadership; worked to keep the medical school an integral part of the university.","Hunter earned a $2500.00 salary after finishing residency in 1947; decided he could not stay at the hospital; entered private practice where first annual salary was $13,000.00; traveled to South America for 6 weeks; worked in the United Fruit Company hospital where most patients were employees with various diseases and conditions; remained an instructor at Columbia, studying, investigating, and treating patients with penicillin from Pfizer; taught many nursing students; was contacted by Washington University in 1947; moved to Washington University in St. Louis in 1947 with wife, 2 children, elderly aunt and a maid; attended on the ward with no private practice; had his own lab where he could continue his work with penicillin; was promoted to Associate Professor of Medicine and Associate Dean; uncovered the synergy between penicillin and streptomycin (this discovery occurred while treating a patient).","Hunter was invited by Dr. Parsons in 1952 for job as the Dean of Medicine; though the School of Medicine was very small and poor, but had an excellent reputation for turning out reputable graduates. Hunter found the budget situation impossible to work with; was invited back to U.Va. after all candidates had been interviewed. Colgate Darden was the current president and was persuasive in convincing Hunter to come to U.Va. Hunter was attracted by the fact that the University was an old school with great assets. He viewed U.Va. as a relatively small, manageable, high quality academic setting not requiring a big administrative machine. Hunter's agenda included gaining financial support from the State Assembly, turning out more graduates on a slightly larger scale, accepting the cream-of-the-crop applicants, and providing better jobs and training. Hunter's first years were spent working with students, teaching, and being with patients. He did not come to U.Va. with aggressive ideas for building and growth.","Hunter arrived as Dean February, 1953; was 40 years old; had to work with an impossible budget; recieved a low salary; reported to the President of the University; was moved by the degree of growth and quality of the University; saw that there was a lot to be accomplished. There was a faculty of about 50-60 people and 76 students; almost all male; almost all white; from a wide geographic distribution. Hunter worked to break down the negative attitude of potential faculty recruits who saw U.Va. as poor, small, restricted, and provincial; agitated some because he did not want to build buildings, but build people; had a small lab in McKim and a grant during his first 7-10 years; worked on the chemical mechanism of penicillin on different states of organisms and antibacterial activities in other places and its effects in water, plants, and foreign bodies. Hunter's interests declined in the lab, and he became more excited by teaching. He focused on NIH, AAMC, international affairs, and ethics. This took him outside the University and has been attributed to putting the School of Medicine on the map. Hunter also had difficulties in the early years regarding racism and his \"color blindness,\" the Rose Garden affair (Medicare), and a speech he gave to a national gathering of pharmacologists blasting McCarthy.","Hunter's strongest supporters during this period were Dr. Parsons, Doug Eastwood, and Dave Smith. Hunter felt that the Dean had to balance obligation to the university and the department; emphasized a cooperative environment at the School of Medicine where people were comfortable together; did not realize how inadequate many of the facilities were and how the financial structure needed a boost from various sources; credits Ken Crispell with the vision that moved the School forward (Crispell obtained grants to construct buildings for the basic sciences); during this time was president of AAMC, served a 6 year tour at Harvard Board of Overseers, and worked with the NIH International Committee; conceded that his outside interests took up a lot of his time from the University; spent 1962-1963 in California and Colombia; became Chancellor for Medical Affairs in 1966; served as a member of the Center for Advanced Study; was involved with the Rose Garden Affair (Medicare).","Hunter temporarily re-located because of the reaction to his support of Medicare (the Rose Garden Affair); was invited by the Rockefeller Foundation and NIH to start a new international medical school program; relocated to California. The program sought to develop American-style medical schools abroad in key areas. Hunter describes the difficulties of implementing the program in Colombia; outlines reasons for its failure. Spring, 1963, Hunter suffered a collapsed lung and underwent surgery. Complications occurred and he was sent to Presbyterian Hospital in New York. Fall, 1963, Hunter, still recovering, returned to U.Va. and stepped down to become Chancellor of Medical Affairs.","Hunter discusses the separation of the School of Public Health and the School of Medicine; discusses reasons for his stepping down as Dean of the School of Medicine; became Chancellor of Medical Affairs (title was later changed to Vice President of Health Affairs with no change in responsibilities); in 1971 named Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science; no longer required to work in the framework of the administration.","Hunter clarifies points from previous interviews and discusses future topics of conversation; gives views on retirement (retired in 1981 at the age of 68); felt that he should retire so as not to be a \"financial drain\" on the institution; realizes that his time at UVA was a period where many changes were taking place across the country and at UVA in school structures, requirements, and financial support; was a member of several prestigious societies: Center for Advanced Studies, speaker at a seminar at the Centennial Meeting Of the Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Chair of the University Wide Purpose Committee, Distinguished Service Member of AAMC, President of AAMC, UVA Senate, and a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences; was instrumental in starting several Medical Schools: Brown, Morehouse College; Tufts; was awarded the Thomas Jefferson Award and the Raven Society Award.","Dr. Hook clarifies date and content of the letter of resignation written by Hunter on March 24, 1964 to Dr. Edgar Shannon. It was understood that Dr. Ken Crispell, who had been serving in the position as Acting Dean would be appointed as Dean of the Medical School on the same day. Also on March 24, 1964 Shannon made Hunter Chancellor. Crispell wanted to tighten up the Medical School administration and Hunter wanted to \"branch out\" into various areas of the SChool of Medicine and University. Hunter wanted to explore the national and international aspects of medical education. Crispell sent Hunter a letter on April 3, 1964 outlining the concerns he had with vacant positions due to illness and positions vacated by faculty for various reasons. Hunter and Crispell worked together identifying and recruiting people for the various vacant positions in the basic sciences. Hook then investigates Hunter's views on God, love, marriage, homosexuality, HIV/AIDS, and prostitution.","Dr. Norman Thornton is interviewed with Hunter and recalls times when Hunter was Dean and Chancellor and the Rose Garden Affair. Thornton was a U.Va. undergraduate in 1926; graduated in 1936; served 4 years in the military; was associated with U.Va. as a student and faculty member for 29 years; gives gave his views and discusses Hunter's years as Dean, sojourn to California, illness, return to dean after illness, resignation and appointment as chancellor; notes that since the beginning Hunter did not want administrative responsibilities. Hunter delegated to department heads; had an open door policy and provided help whenever he could, considering the poor budget; did not interfere with the department heads. Prominent figures in Hunter's office were John Stacy, who was in charge of the hospital and Vincent Shay who was in charge of getting financial support for the institution. Vincent Archer and Hank Mulholland were responsible for all political aspects of getting money from Richmond. Ken Crispell is given credit for putting U.Va. on the map because of his promotion of the basic sciences and building expansions.","Harlen was the administrative assistant when Hunter was Dean in 1953. Harlin verifies the history of Hunter as dean, chancellor, and Professor Emeritus; discusses the pressure from alumni to fire Hunter over his support of Medicare; states that Hunter was a born leader; discusses Hunter's personnel interactions and budget management. The interview reviews the relationships of faculty, Dean, Vice President, and administrators at U.Va.; management styles; politics and economics; enormous changes of women rights and equality.","Interview with Dr. Robert M. Berne and Hunter. Berne was Chairman of the Physiology Department 1966-1988; Professor Emeritus in 1994; was recruited by Hunter to head the Physiology Department; was impressed by the new buildings, funding and grants available for renovations, and availability of new equipment and personnel. Most of Berne's contact was with Ken Crispell. They discuss overall lack of funding in light of inflation, researcher salaries, and decline in support from the state.","Dr. Hook and Dr. Leo S. Falk are with Dr. Hunter at his home in Cismont, VA. Dr. Hunter is in poor health, confined to his bed; is thankful for a fulfilling life; expresses a desire to be let \"out of the trap he finds himself in\"; reminisces and gives short bio of his life; cannot understand why people are delaying his death; has no interest in prolonging his existence; asks Dr. Hook to provide a morphine drip and let him peacefully slip away; discusses the topic of personal suicide, physician assisted suicide, and the legalities involved; asks Hook to \"arrange for me to be allowed to have an appropriate exit.\" Dr. Thomas Hunter died October 23, 1997.","Dr. Hook and Dr. Hunter discuss terminal illness and dying. Hunter has selected Hook to take care of medical decisions regarding his death when Hunter becomes incapable; does not want his wife to be burdened; discusses quality of life; emphasizes trust when selecting someone to make decisions regarding life support, resuscitation, withdrawing medications, etc.; felt that he was dying when he was in California; accepted it emotionally that he was dying; was not frightened by death. Hook and Hunter agree that patients with terminal illness are isolated. There should be care expanded to patients who know they do not have long to live. Today's medicine is so advanced; prolongs the biological life as long as the vital processes are going on. Lawyers and others are taking over all decisions in many cases. Jonathan Mednick, filmmaker; Margot White, producer","Interview with Dr. Hook and Hunter. Dr. Hunter is in poor health; discusses his quality of life and desire to be \"allowed to die\"; expresses feelings about Hook's refusal to assist in suicide; discusses his legacy and how he wants to be remembered after death; shares thoughts about possible suicide of father and grandfather; expresses pride in his grandson. After the interview, Hook records his own thoughts about Hunter's views on the topics of personal suicide and physician assisted suicide."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions"],"names_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library"],"corpname_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":4038,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:48:36.769Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521_c359"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521_c360","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"1932 MISCELLANEOUS MATERIAL","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521_c360#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521_c360","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521_c360"],"id":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521_c360","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115","_root_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521","parent_ssim":["viu_repositories_7_resources_115","viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_7_resources_115","viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers","HUNTER ADDITION"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers","HUNTER ADDITION"],"text":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers","HUNTER ADDITION","1932 MISCELLANEOUS MATERIAL","box 09","folder 05"],"title_filing_ssi":"1932 MISCELLANEOUS MATERIAL","title_ssm":["1932 MISCELLANEOUS MATERIAL"],"title_tesim":["1932 MISCELLANEOUS MATERIAL"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1932"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1932"],"normalized_title_ssm":["1932 MISCELLANEOUS MATERIAL"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":3881,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions"],"date_range_isim":[1932],"containers_ssim":["box 09","folder 05"],"_nest_path_":"/components#3520/components#359","timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:48:36.769Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115","_root_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_7_resources_115.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/100","title_ssm":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers"],"title_tesim":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1934-1995"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1934-1995"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.4","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/115"],"text":["MS.4","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/115","The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers","Hunter main collection of career papers and assorted objects: 118 boxes, 13 cm x 39.5 cm x 26.5\n\n\nHunter addition of mainly family correspondence and memorabilia and interviews with Hunter from 1993 to 1997: 15 boxes, 14 boxes are 13 cm x 39.5 cm x 26.5 cm, 1 box is 27 cm x 33 cm x 41 cm.","There are no restrictions.","\nThomas Harrison Hunter was born in Chicago on October 12, 1913. Despite a childhood bout with polio that left him on crutches from the age of seven, Hunter was a coxswain on the crew teams at both Harvard and Cambridge, where he was a Henry Fellow at Trinity Hall. He completed his medical education at Harvard Medical School.\n","\nDuring his internship and residency training at Columbia University Presbyterian Hospital in New York, Hunter began the clinical research that would lead to a dual antibiotic treatment for bacterial endocarditis, an infection of the heart's lining and valves that had previously been uniformly fatal.\n","\nHunter was Dean of the University of Virginia School of Medicine from 1953 to 1965, Chancellor for Medical Affairs from 1965 to 1970, and Vice President for Medical Affairs from 1970 to 1971. In 1970 he received the Thomas Jefferson Award, the highest honor bestowed by the University of Virginia. In 1973 he received the Raven Award for excellence in service and contribution to the University. In 1971 Hunter was named Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science, co-founding the model Program in Human Biology and Society with Joseph Fletcher. In addition he served as President of the American Association of Medical Colleges (AAMC) and Treasurer of the Pan American Federation of Associations of Medical Schools (PAFAMS), of which he was a founder.\n","\nThomas H. Hunter was deeply interested in international medicine, arguing that health and medicine provide a uniquely powerful bridge to international understanding. In his presidential address to the AAMC in 1960, Hunter called the attention of the United States medical community to its opportunities and responsibilities in other countries. Accompanied by his wife, Anne Fulcher Hunter and their five children, Hunter spent a year teaching in Cali, Colombia as a representative of the Rockefeller Foundation. He also worked and taught in Egypt, Venezuela, Tunisia, Kenya, Cameroon, Chile, and Brazil. The Thomas H. Hunter Professorship of International Medicine was established in 1989 by the University of Virginia Medical School.\n","\nThroughout his career, Thomas H. Hunter served in an advisory capacity to numerous medical schools in the United States and was a pioneer in the field of bioethics. His life was characterized by the promulgation of scientific excellence combined with human compassion. Thomas H. Hunter died on October 23, 1997 at his home in Cismont, Virginia.\n","Processed by: Historical Collections Staff","Finding Aid by M. Alison White","\nThe Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers comprises 118 boxes of official correspondence, statistical reports, ledgers and appointment books, photographs, medals and certificates, student notebooks, conference booklets, reprints of scientific and administrative articles, microscope slides, cassettes, and videotapes.\n","\nThe Hunter Addition to the Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers consists of fourteen boxes of personal papers which complement the original collection.\n","These videos document a series of interviews with Dr. Thomas H. Hunter conducted by Dr. Edward W. Hook. The subject matter is biographical, with special emphasis on Dr. Hunter's experiences as Dean of the University of Virginia School of Medicine, Chancellor of Medical affairs, and Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science.","Hunter describes parents, grandparents, uncles, parents' divorce, transportation of that era, family finances, and his childhood before polio.","Hunter describes effects of polio; living with his mother in Boston while receiving treatment; remarriage of mother; spending summers in Niles, Michigan; school years; classmates that became life-long friends; participating on the rowing team; not being considered \"a cripple.\"","Hunter describes \"no books, no God\"; superstition about the number 13; polio and the possible cause; polio treatment; career choices; father, mother, grandfathers, and Aunt Jesse; summers in Niles, Michigan; schools, headmasters and classmates; importance of participating on rowing team despite being disabled in that era.","\nVideo concludes with Photographs of family, friends and Dr. Hunter at various ages. Images show: Grandfather Hunter; Florence (Patchen) Hunter, grandmother; father in office, the early years before marriage; father smoking a pipe in front of a mirror; Aunt Jesse (devoted herself to 4 generations of Hunter men, never married, and lived with Dr. Hunter until her death); Hunter's mother and him as an infant; Uncle on mother's side; Hunter as an infant; Hunter and mother at approximate age of 2 l/2 - 3 years old; Hunter in wagon, about 3 years old; Barron Lake with grandfather and Aunt Jesse; Hunter on tricycle, about 4 years old; Hunter working with grandfather on farm in Niles, Michigan, about 5-6 years old; Hunter with father at about 5; Hunter with wagon and horse, which belonged to the neighbor; Uncle LeMont, father, and Hunter, first year after polio in 1922 at Barron Lake house; Hunter on crutches at the Niles, Michigan home; Class of Belmont Hill, Boston; Mother at a much later date; Hunter 9 - 11 years old; Hunter, 21 years old, an undergraduate at Harvard, about 1934.\n","Hunter describes his years at Bellmont Hill School, Boston, as the formative days of his childhood. He is very thankful for the time, events, and people of these years at this school; thought of headmasters and friends as his family; was a Monday thru Friday boarder and home on weekends; participated in rowing, tennis, golf and the football team; won prizes in French and Latin and the School Medal; learned the value of team effort; became aware of his polio and its residual damage, but accepted it and incorporated it into his life.","Hunter describes majoring in Psychology and Philosophy; financing his education through scholarships and employment; the pros and cons of Harvard University; his experiences on the honors bracket, student council, as officer of the class, as member of the Signet Society, and playing golf; his favorite courses in the fine arts.","Hunter graduated from Harvard and traveled by sea to England; was assigned a room at the Inner Court of Trinity Hall; received the Henry Fellowship for 1 year; stayed at Cambridge for 3 years; was coxswain on the rowing team; received the Henry Fellowship his second year; continued rowing in year three and received his \"blue\" (letter) on the varsity team; studied and worked all year with no exams; completed oral examinations for a week at the end of the year.","Hunter prepared for studying medicine at Harvard. Courses of study included anatomy, biochemistry, physiology, pharmacology, pathology, and organic chemistry. Students were assigned a tutor who oversaw the college, economic, and cultural life of the student. Hunter departed from Cambridge in 1938; was \"very obtuse to the menace of Hitler and war and never got the full impact of the war\" until much later; returned to Harvard to pursue medical education fall, 1938.","Hunter started Harvard Medical School fall, 1938 and graduated 1940; satisfied basic science requirements, but had limited clinical experience; had Dr. Stead, as instructor at the Boston City Hospital; rotated between 3 different hospitals; did surgical rotation at Brigham Young; worked with Dr. Gamble in the lab (this was his first move into research and lab work); co-authored a paper with Dr. Alfred Shoal on the development and method for measuring serum protein; began internship at the Presbyterian Hospital in New York, February, 1941; married in 1943.","Hunter graduated in 1940; completed internship, 1941-1944; completed residency in 1945. Dr. William Parson, Professor Emeritus, University of Virginia and Chairman of the Department of Medicine 1949-1966 joins Dr. Hunter and Dr. Hook in part 9. Both had interned at Presbyterian Hospital in New York. Parson was one year ahead of Hunter. Hunter was a \"pup\" for 3 months which involved doing procedures, testing, and lab work from the periphery. After 3 months Hunter rotated to surgery, took care of patients, did private service, worked on female and male wards. After attack on Pearl Harbor everyone went off to war. Hunter remained in the United States; married on March 7, 1943; completed residency in 1945; attended the Army Medical School, Walter Reed Hospital, and studied tropical medicine; travelled to Cost Rica where he observed poor patient care which impacted him deeply; became instructor in medicine at the College of Physicians and Surgery at Columbia University; worked with penicillin in the early days of development and manufacture; participated in human research; wrestled with ethical decisions regarding informed consent of the patient.","Hunter quickly assumed higher position and responsibilities at Columbia; received intense clinical experience during this time; described how Dr. Parson was instrumental in bringing Dr. Hunter to U.Va. as Chairman of Internal Medicine; visited UVA in 1952 and was impressed but still did not want the job; was re-invited to U.Va. to be the Dean; as Dean, built relationships with universities, medical schools, and the NIH; through relationship with the NIH and Ken Crispell, contributed to the expansion of the basic sciences buildings; regretted resisting expansion and fund raising during his years as dean; experienced hostility when he signed a document and agreed with Medicare during the Kennedy administration; traveled to South America to work and he was ousted from the deanship while away; became Chancellor in 1964; regretted not anticipating or respecting the roles of African-Americans and women in medicine, education, and leadership; worked to keep the medical school an integral part of the university.","Hunter earned a $2500.00 salary after finishing residency in 1947; decided he could not stay at the hospital; entered private practice where first annual salary was $13,000.00; traveled to South America for 6 weeks; worked in the United Fruit Company hospital where most patients were employees with various diseases and conditions; remained an instructor at Columbia, studying, investigating, and treating patients with penicillin from Pfizer; taught many nursing students; was contacted by Washington University in 1947; moved to Washington University in St. Louis in 1947 with wife, 2 children, elderly aunt and a maid; attended on the ward with no private practice; had his own lab where he could continue his work with penicillin; was promoted to Associate Professor of Medicine and Associate Dean; uncovered the synergy between penicillin and streptomycin (this discovery occurred while treating a patient).","Hunter was invited by Dr. Parsons in 1952 for job as the Dean of Medicine; though the School of Medicine was very small and poor, but had an excellent reputation for turning out reputable graduates. Hunter found the budget situation impossible to work with; was invited back to U.Va. after all candidates had been interviewed. Colgate Darden was the current president and was persuasive in convincing Hunter to come to U.Va. Hunter was attracted by the fact that the University was an old school with great assets. He viewed U.Va. as a relatively small, manageable, high quality academic setting not requiring a big administrative machine. Hunter's agenda included gaining financial support from the State Assembly, turning out more graduates on a slightly larger scale, accepting the cream-of-the-crop applicants, and providing better jobs and training. Hunter's first years were spent working with students, teaching, and being with patients. He did not come to U.Va. with aggressive ideas for building and growth.","Hunter arrived as Dean February, 1953; was 40 years old; had to work with an impossible budget; recieved a low salary; reported to the President of the University; was moved by the degree of growth and quality of the University; saw that there was a lot to be accomplished. There was a faculty of about 50-60 people and 76 students; almost all male; almost all white; from a wide geographic distribution. Hunter worked to break down the negative attitude of potential faculty recruits who saw U.Va. as poor, small, restricted, and provincial; agitated some because he did not want to build buildings, but build people; had a small lab in McKim and a grant during his first 7-10 years; worked on the chemical mechanism of penicillin on different states of organisms and antibacterial activities in other places and its effects in water, plants, and foreign bodies. Hunter's interests declined in the lab, and he became more excited by teaching. He focused on NIH, AAMC, international affairs, and ethics. This took him outside the University and has been attributed to putting the School of Medicine on the map. Hunter also had difficulties in the early years regarding racism and his \"color blindness,\" the Rose Garden affair (Medicare), and a speech he gave to a national gathering of pharmacologists blasting McCarthy.","Hunter's strongest supporters during this period were Dr. Parsons, Doug Eastwood, and Dave Smith. Hunter felt that the Dean had to balance obligation to the university and the department; emphasized a cooperative environment at the School of Medicine where people were comfortable together; did not realize how inadequate many of the facilities were and how the financial structure needed a boost from various sources; credits Ken Crispell with the vision that moved the School forward (Crispell obtained grants to construct buildings for the basic sciences); during this time was president of AAMC, served a 6 year tour at Harvard Board of Overseers, and worked with the NIH International Committee; conceded that his outside interests took up a lot of his time from the University; spent 1962-1963 in California and Colombia; became Chancellor for Medical Affairs in 1966; served as a member of the Center for Advanced Study; was involved with the Rose Garden Affair (Medicare).","Hunter temporarily re-located because of the reaction to his support of Medicare (the Rose Garden Affair); was invited by the Rockefeller Foundation and NIH to start a new international medical school program; relocated to California. The program sought to develop American-style medical schools abroad in key areas. Hunter describes the difficulties of implementing the program in Colombia; outlines reasons for its failure. Spring, 1963, Hunter suffered a collapsed lung and underwent surgery. Complications occurred and he was sent to Presbyterian Hospital in New York. Fall, 1963, Hunter, still recovering, returned to U.Va. and stepped down to become Chancellor of Medical Affairs.","Hunter discusses the separation of the School of Public Health and the School of Medicine; discusses reasons for his stepping down as Dean of the School of Medicine; became Chancellor of Medical Affairs (title was later changed to Vice President of Health Affairs with no change in responsibilities); in 1971 named Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science; no longer required to work in the framework of the administration.","Hunter clarifies points from previous interviews and discusses future topics of conversation; gives views on retirement (retired in 1981 at the age of 68); felt that he should retire so as not to be a \"financial drain\" on the institution; realizes that his time at UVA was a period where many changes were taking place across the country and at UVA in school structures, requirements, and financial support; was a member of several prestigious societies: Center for Advanced Studies, speaker at a seminar at the Centennial Meeting Of the Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Chair of the University Wide Purpose Committee, Distinguished Service Member of AAMC, President of AAMC, UVA Senate, and a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences; was instrumental in starting several Medical Schools: Brown, Morehouse College; Tufts; was awarded the Thomas Jefferson Award and the Raven Society Award.","Dr. Hook clarifies date and content of the letter of resignation written by Hunter on March 24, 1964 to Dr. Edgar Shannon. It was understood that Dr. Ken Crispell, who had been serving in the position as Acting Dean would be appointed as Dean of the Medical School on the same day. Also on March 24, 1964 Shannon made Hunter Chancellor. Crispell wanted to tighten up the Medical School administration and Hunter wanted to \"branch out\" into various areas of the SChool of Medicine and University. Hunter wanted to explore the national and international aspects of medical education. Crispell sent Hunter a letter on April 3, 1964 outlining the concerns he had with vacant positions due to illness and positions vacated by faculty for various reasons. Hunter and Crispell worked together identifying and recruiting people for the various vacant positions in the basic sciences. Hook then investigates Hunter's views on God, love, marriage, homosexuality, HIV/AIDS, and prostitution.","Dr. Norman Thornton is interviewed with Hunter and recalls times when Hunter was Dean and Chancellor and the Rose Garden Affair. Thornton was a U.Va. undergraduate in 1926; graduated in 1936; served 4 years in the military; was associated with U.Va. as a student and faculty member for 29 years; gives gave his views and discusses Hunter's years as Dean, sojourn to California, illness, return to dean after illness, resignation and appointment as chancellor; notes that since the beginning Hunter did not want administrative responsibilities. Hunter delegated to department heads; had an open door policy and provided help whenever he could, considering the poor budget; did not interfere with the department heads. Prominent figures in Hunter's office were John Stacy, who was in charge of the hospital and Vincent Shay who was in charge of getting financial support for the institution. Vincent Archer and Hank Mulholland were responsible for all political aspects of getting money from Richmond. Ken Crispell is given credit for putting U.Va. on the map because of his promotion of the basic sciences and building expansions.","Harlen was the administrative assistant when Hunter was Dean in 1953. Harlin verifies the history of Hunter as dean, chancellor, and Professor Emeritus; discusses the pressure from alumni to fire Hunter over his support of Medicare; states that Hunter was a born leader; discusses Hunter's personnel interactions and budget management. The interview reviews the relationships of faculty, Dean, Vice President, and administrators at U.Va.; management styles; politics and economics; enormous changes of women rights and equality.","Interview with Dr. Robert M. Berne and Hunter. Berne was Chairman of the Physiology Department 1966-1988; Professor Emeritus in 1994; was recruited by Hunter to head the Physiology Department; was impressed by the new buildings, funding and grants available for renovations, and availability of new equipment and personnel. Most of Berne's contact was with Ken Crispell. They discuss overall lack of funding in light of inflation, researcher salaries, and decline in support from the state.","Dr. Hook and Dr. Leo S. Falk are with Dr. Hunter at his home in Cismont, VA. Dr. Hunter is in poor health, confined to his bed; is thankful for a fulfilling life; expresses a desire to be let \"out of the trap he finds himself in\"; reminisces and gives short bio of his life; cannot understand why people are delaying his death; has no interest in prolonging his existence; asks Dr. Hook to provide a morphine drip and let him peacefully slip away; discusses the topic of personal suicide, physician assisted suicide, and the legalities involved; asks Hook to \"arrange for me to be allowed to have an appropriate exit.\" Dr. Thomas Hunter died October 23, 1997.","Dr. Hook and Dr. Hunter discuss terminal illness and dying. Hunter has selected Hook to take care of medical decisions regarding his death when Hunter becomes incapable; does not want his wife to be burdened; discusses quality of life; emphasizes trust when selecting someone to make decisions regarding life support, resuscitation, withdrawing medications, etc.; felt that he was dying when he was in California; accepted it emotionally that he was dying; was not frightened by death. Hook and Hunter agree that patients with terminal illness are isolated. There should be care expanded to patients who know they do not have long to live. Today's medicine is so advanced; prolongs the biological life as long as the vital processes are going on. Lawyers and others are taking over all decisions in many cases. Jonathan Mednick, filmmaker; Margot White, producer","Interview with Dr. Hook and Hunter. Dr. Hunter is in poor health; discusses his quality of life and desire to be \"allowed to die\"; expresses feelings about Hook's refusal to assist in suicide; discusses his legacy and how he wants to be remembered after death; shares thoughts about possible suicide of father and grandfather; expresses pride in his grandson. After the interview, Hook records his own thoughts about Hunter's views on the topics of personal suicide and physician assisted suicide.","There are no restrictions","Claude Moore Health Sciences Library","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.4","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/115"],"normalized_title_ssm":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers"],"collection_ssim":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Hunter main collection of career papers and assorted objects: 118 boxes, 13 cm x 39.5 cm x 26.5\n\n\nHunter addition of mainly family correspondence and memorabilia and interviews with Hunter from 1993 to 1997: 15 boxes, 14 boxes are 13 cm x 39.5 cm x 26.5 cm, 1 box is 27 cm x 33 cm x 41 cm."],"extent_ssm":["56 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["56 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nThomas Harrison Hunter was born in Chicago on October 12, 1913. Despite a childhood bout with polio that left him on crutches from the age of seven, Hunter was a coxswain on the crew teams at both Harvard and Cambridge, where he was a Henry Fellow at Trinity Hall. He completed his medical education at Harvard Medical School.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nDuring his internship and residency training at Columbia University Presbyterian Hospital in New York, Hunter began the clinical research that would lead to a dual antibiotic treatment for bacterial endocarditis, an infection of the heart's lining and valves that had previously been uniformly fatal.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nHunter was Dean of the University of Virginia School of Medicine from 1953 to 1965, Chancellor for Medical Affairs from 1965 to 1970, and Vice President for Medical Affairs from 1970 to 1971. In 1970 he received the Thomas Jefferson Award, the highest honor bestowed by the University of Virginia. In 1973 he received the Raven Award for excellence in service and contribution to the University. In 1971 Hunter was named Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science, co-founding the model Program in Human Biology and Society with Joseph Fletcher. In addition he served as President of the American Association of Medical Colleges (AAMC) and Treasurer of the Pan American Federation of Associations of Medical Schools (PAFAMS), of which he was a founder.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThomas H. Hunter was deeply interested in international medicine, arguing that health and medicine provide a uniquely powerful bridge to international understanding. In his presidential address to the AAMC in 1960, Hunter called the attention of the United States medical community to its opportunities and responsibilities in other countries. Accompanied by his wife, Anne Fulcher Hunter and their five children, Hunter spent a year teaching in Cali, Colombia as a representative of the Rockefeller Foundation. He also worked and taught in Egypt, Venezuela, Tunisia, Kenya, Cameroon, Chile, and Brazil. The Thomas H. Hunter Professorship of International Medicine was established in 1989 by the University of Virginia Medical School.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThroughout his career, Thomas H. Hunter served in an advisory capacity to numerous medical schools in the United States and was a pioneer in the field of bioethics. His life was characterized by the promulgation of scientific excellence combined with human compassion. Thomas H. Hunter died on October 23, 1997 at his home in Cismont, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["\nThomas Harrison Hunter was born in Chicago on October 12, 1913. Despite a childhood bout with polio that left him on crutches from the age of seven, Hunter was a coxswain on the crew teams at both Harvard and Cambridge, where he was a Henry Fellow at Trinity Hall. He completed his medical education at Harvard Medical School.\n","\nDuring his internship and residency training at Columbia University Presbyterian Hospital in New York, Hunter began the clinical research that would lead to a dual antibiotic treatment for bacterial endocarditis, an infection of the heart's lining and valves that had previously been uniformly fatal.\n","\nHunter was Dean of the University of Virginia School of Medicine from 1953 to 1965, Chancellor for Medical Affairs from 1965 to 1970, and Vice President for Medical Affairs from 1970 to 1971. In 1970 he received the Thomas Jefferson Award, the highest honor bestowed by the University of Virginia. In 1973 he received the Raven Award for excellence in service and contribution to the University. In 1971 Hunter was named Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science, co-founding the model Program in Human Biology and Society with Joseph Fletcher. In addition he served as President of the American Association of Medical Colleges (AAMC) and Treasurer of the Pan American Federation of Associations of Medical Schools (PAFAMS), of which he was a founder.\n","\nThomas H. Hunter was deeply interested in international medicine, arguing that health and medicine provide a uniquely powerful bridge to international understanding. In his presidential address to the AAMC in 1960, Hunter called the attention of the United States medical community to its opportunities and responsibilities in other countries. Accompanied by his wife, Anne Fulcher Hunter and their five children, Hunter spent a year teaching in Cali, Colombia as a representative of the Rockefeller Foundation. He also worked and taught in Egypt, Venezuela, Tunisia, Kenya, Cameroon, Chile, and Brazil. The Thomas H. Hunter Professorship of International Medicine was established in 1989 by the University of Virginia Medical School.\n","\nThroughout his career, Thomas H. Hunter served in an advisory capacity to numerous medical schools in the United States and was a pioneer in the field of bioethics. His life was characterized by the promulgation of scientific excellence combined with human compassion. Thomas H. Hunter died on October 23, 1997 at his home in Cismont, Virginia.\n"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eProcessed by:\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eHistorical Collections Staff\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["Processed by: Historical Collections Staff"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers, MS-4, Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, Historical Collections and Services, University of Virginia\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers, MS-4, Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, Historical Collections and Services, University of Virginia"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFinding Aid by M. Alison White\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Finding Aid by M. Alison White"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nThe Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers comprises 118 boxes of official correspondence, statistical reports, ledgers and appointment books, photographs, medals and certificates, student notebooks, conference booklets, reprints of scientific and administrative articles, microscope slides, cassettes, and videotapes.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Hunter Addition to the Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers consists of fourteen boxes of personal papers which complement the original collection.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese videos document a series of interviews with Dr. Thomas H. Hunter conducted by Dr. Edward W. Hook. The subject matter is biographical, with special emphasis on Dr. Hunter's experiences as Dean of the University of Virginia School of Medicine, Chancellor of Medical affairs, and Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter describes parents, grandparents, uncles, parents' divorce, transportation of that era, family finances, and his childhood before polio.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter describes effects of polio; living with his mother in Boston while receiving treatment; remarriage of mother; spending summers in Niles, Michigan; school years; classmates that became life-long friends; participating on the rowing team; not being considered \"a cripple.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter describes \"no books, no God\"; superstition about the number 13; polio and the possible cause; polio treatment; career choices; father, mother, grandfathers, and Aunt Jesse; summers in Niles, Michigan; schools, headmasters and classmates; importance of participating on rowing team despite being disabled in that era.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nVideo concludes with Photographs of family, friends and Dr. Hunter at various ages. Images show: Grandfather Hunter; Florence (Patchen) Hunter, grandmother; father in office, the early years before marriage; father smoking a pipe in front of a mirror; Aunt Jesse (devoted herself to 4 generations of Hunter men, never married, and lived with Dr. Hunter until her death); Hunter's mother and him as an infant; Uncle on mother's side; Hunter as an infant; Hunter and mother at approximate age of 2 l/2 - 3 years old; Hunter in wagon, about 3 years old; Barron Lake with grandfather and Aunt Jesse; Hunter on tricycle, about 4 years old; Hunter working with grandfather on farm in Niles, Michigan, about 5-6 years old; Hunter with father at about 5; Hunter with wagon and horse, which belonged to the neighbor; Uncle LeMont, father, and Hunter, first year after polio in 1922 at Barron Lake house; Hunter on crutches at the Niles, Michigan home; Class of Belmont Hill, Boston; Mother at a much later date; Hunter 9 - 11 years old; Hunter, 21 years old, an undergraduate at Harvard, about 1934.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter describes his years at Bellmont Hill School, Boston, as the formative days of his childhood. He is very thankful for the time, events, and people of these years at this school; thought of headmasters and friends as his family; was a Monday thru Friday boarder and home on weekends; participated in rowing, tennis, golf and the football team; won prizes in French and Latin and the School Medal; learned the value of team effort; became aware of his polio and its residual damage, but accepted it and incorporated it into his life.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter describes majoring in Psychology and Philosophy; financing his education through scholarships and employment; the pros and cons of Harvard University; his experiences on the honors bracket, student council, as officer of the class, as member of the Signet Society, and playing golf; his favorite courses in the fine arts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter graduated from Harvard and traveled by sea to England; was assigned a room at the Inner Court of Trinity Hall; received the Henry Fellowship for 1 year; stayed at Cambridge for 3 years; was coxswain on the rowing team; received the Henry Fellowship his second year; continued rowing in year three and received his \"blue\" (letter) on the varsity team; studied and worked all year with no exams; completed oral examinations for a week at the end of the year.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter prepared for studying medicine at Harvard. Courses of study included anatomy, biochemistry, physiology, pharmacology, pathology, and organic chemistry. Students were assigned a tutor who oversaw the college, economic, and cultural life of the student. Hunter departed from Cambridge in 1938; was \"very obtuse to the menace of Hitler and war and never got the full impact of the war\" until much later; returned to Harvard to pursue medical education fall, 1938.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter started Harvard Medical School fall, 1938 and graduated 1940; satisfied basic science requirements, but had limited clinical experience; had Dr. Stead, as instructor at the Boston City Hospital; rotated between 3 different hospitals; did surgical rotation at Brigham Young; worked with Dr. Gamble in the lab (this was his first move into research and lab work); co-authored a paper with Dr. Alfred Shoal on the development and method for measuring serum protein; began internship at the Presbyterian Hospital in New York, February, 1941; married in 1943.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter graduated in 1940; completed internship, 1941-1944; completed residency in 1945. Dr. William Parson, Professor Emeritus, University of Virginia and Chairman of the Department of Medicine 1949-1966 joins Dr. Hunter and Dr. Hook in part 9. Both had interned at Presbyterian Hospital in New York. Parson was one year ahead of Hunter. Hunter was a \"pup\" for 3 months which involved doing procedures, testing, and lab work from the periphery. After 3 months Hunter rotated to surgery, took care of patients, did private service, worked on female and male wards. After attack on Pearl Harbor everyone went off to war. Hunter remained in the United States; married on March 7, 1943; completed residency in 1945; attended the Army Medical School, Walter Reed Hospital, and studied tropical medicine; travelled to Cost Rica where he observed poor patient care which impacted him deeply; became instructor in medicine at the College of Physicians and Surgery at Columbia University; worked with penicillin in the early days of development and manufacture; participated in human research; wrestled with ethical decisions regarding informed consent of the patient.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter quickly assumed higher position and responsibilities at Columbia; received intense clinical experience during this time; described how Dr. Parson was instrumental in bringing Dr. Hunter to U.Va. as Chairman of Internal Medicine; visited UVA in 1952 and was impressed but still did not want the job; was re-invited to U.Va. to be the Dean; as Dean, built relationships with universities, medical schools, and the NIH; through relationship with the NIH and Ken Crispell, contributed to the expansion of the basic sciences buildings; regretted resisting expansion and fund raising during his years as dean; experienced hostility when he signed a document and agreed with Medicare during the Kennedy administration; traveled to South America to work and he was ousted from the deanship while away; became Chancellor in 1964; regretted not anticipating or respecting the roles of African-Americans and women in medicine, education, and leadership; worked to keep the medical school an integral part of the university.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter earned a $2500.00 salary after finishing residency in 1947; decided he could not stay at the hospital; entered private practice where first annual salary was $13,000.00; traveled to South America for 6 weeks; worked in the United Fruit Company hospital where most patients were employees with various diseases and conditions; remained an instructor at Columbia, studying, investigating, and treating patients with penicillin from Pfizer; taught many nursing students; was contacted by Washington University in 1947; moved to Washington University in St. Louis in 1947 with wife, 2 children, elderly aunt and a maid; attended on the ward with no private practice; had his own lab where he could continue his work with penicillin; was promoted to Associate Professor of Medicine and Associate Dean; uncovered the synergy between penicillin and streptomycin (this discovery occurred while treating a patient).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter was invited by Dr. Parsons in 1952 for job as the Dean of Medicine; though the School of Medicine was very small and poor, but had an excellent reputation for turning out reputable graduates. Hunter found the budget situation impossible to work with; was invited back to U.Va. after all candidates had been interviewed. Colgate Darden was the current president and was persuasive in convincing Hunter to come to U.Va. Hunter was attracted by the fact that the University was an old school with great assets. He viewed U.Va. as a relatively small, manageable, high quality academic setting not requiring a big administrative machine. Hunter's agenda included gaining financial support from the State Assembly, turning out more graduates on a slightly larger scale, accepting the cream-of-the-crop applicants, and providing better jobs and training. Hunter's first years were spent working with students, teaching, and being with patients. He did not come to U.Va. with aggressive ideas for building and growth.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter arrived as Dean February, 1953; was 40 years old; had to work with an impossible budget; recieved a low salary; reported to the President of the University; was moved by the degree of growth and quality of the University; saw that there was a lot to be accomplished. There was a faculty of about 50-60 people and 76 students; almost all male; almost all white; from a wide geographic distribution. Hunter worked to break down the negative attitude of potential faculty recruits who saw U.Va. as poor, small, restricted, and provincial; agitated some because he did not want to build buildings, but build people; had a small lab in McKim and a grant during his first 7-10 years; worked on the chemical mechanism of penicillin on different states of organisms and antibacterial activities in other places and its effects in water, plants, and foreign bodies. Hunter's interests declined in the lab, and he became more excited by teaching. He focused on NIH, AAMC, international affairs, and ethics. This took him outside the University and has been attributed to putting the School of Medicine on the map. Hunter also had difficulties in the early years regarding racism and his \"color blindness,\" the Rose Garden affair (Medicare), and a speech he gave to a national gathering of pharmacologists blasting McCarthy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter's strongest supporters during this period were Dr. Parsons, Doug Eastwood, and Dave Smith. Hunter felt that the Dean had to balance obligation to the university and the department; emphasized a cooperative environment at the School of Medicine where people were comfortable together; did not realize how inadequate many of the facilities were and how the financial structure needed a boost from various sources; credits Ken Crispell with the vision that moved the School forward (Crispell obtained grants to construct buildings for the basic sciences); during this time was president of AAMC, served a 6 year tour at Harvard Board of Overseers, and worked with the NIH International Committee; conceded that his outside interests took up a lot of his time from the University; spent 1962-1963 in California and Colombia; became Chancellor for Medical Affairs in 1966; served as a member of the Center for Advanced Study; was involved with the Rose Garden Affair (Medicare).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter temporarily re-located because of the reaction to his support of Medicare (the Rose Garden Affair); was invited by the Rockefeller Foundation and NIH to start a new international medical school program; relocated to California. The program sought to develop American-style medical schools abroad in key areas. Hunter describes the difficulties of implementing the program in Colombia; outlines reasons for its failure. Spring, 1963, Hunter suffered a collapsed lung and underwent surgery. Complications occurred and he was sent to Presbyterian Hospital in New York. Fall, 1963, Hunter, still recovering, returned to U.Va. and stepped down to become Chancellor of Medical Affairs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter discusses the separation of the School of Public Health and the School of Medicine; discusses reasons for his stepping down as Dean of the School of Medicine; became Chancellor of Medical Affairs (title was later changed to Vice President of Health Affairs with no change in responsibilities); in 1971 named Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science; no longer required to work in the framework of the administration.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter clarifies points from previous interviews and discusses future topics of conversation; gives views on retirement (retired in 1981 at the age of 68); felt that he should retire so as not to be a \"financial drain\" on the institution; realizes that his time at UVA was a period where many changes were taking place across the country and at UVA in school structures, requirements, and financial support; was a member of several prestigious societies: Center for Advanced Studies, speaker at a seminar at the Centennial Meeting Of the Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Chair of the University Wide Purpose Committee, Distinguished Service Member of AAMC, President of AAMC, UVA Senate, and a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences; was instrumental in starting several Medical Schools: Brown, Morehouse College; Tufts; was awarded the Thomas Jefferson Award and the Raven Society Award.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Hook clarifies date and content of the letter of resignation written by Hunter on March 24, 1964 to Dr. Edgar Shannon. It was understood that Dr. Ken Crispell, who had been serving in the position as Acting Dean would be appointed as Dean of the Medical School on the same day. Also on March 24, 1964 Shannon made Hunter Chancellor. Crispell wanted to tighten up the Medical School administration and Hunter wanted to \"branch out\" into various areas of the SChool of Medicine and University. Hunter wanted to explore the national and international aspects of medical education. Crispell sent Hunter a letter on April 3, 1964 outlining the concerns he had with vacant positions due to illness and positions vacated by faculty for various reasons. Hunter and Crispell worked together identifying and recruiting people for the various vacant positions in the basic sciences. Hook then investigates Hunter's views on God, love, marriage, homosexuality, HIV/AIDS, and prostitution.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Norman Thornton is interviewed with Hunter and recalls times when Hunter was Dean and Chancellor and the Rose Garden Affair. Thornton was a U.Va. undergraduate in 1926; graduated in 1936; served 4 years in the military; was associated with U.Va. as a student and faculty member for 29 years; gives gave his views and discusses Hunter's years as Dean, sojourn to California, illness, return to dean after illness, resignation and appointment as chancellor; notes that since the beginning Hunter did not want administrative responsibilities. Hunter delegated to department heads; had an open door policy and provided help whenever he could, considering the poor budget; did not interfere with the department heads. Prominent figures in Hunter's office were John Stacy, who was in charge of the hospital and Vincent Shay who was in charge of getting financial support for the institution. Vincent Archer and Hank Mulholland were responsible for all political aspects of getting money from Richmond. Ken Crispell is given credit for putting U.Va. on the map because of his promotion of the basic sciences and building expansions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarlen was the administrative assistant when Hunter was Dean in 1953. Harlin verifies the history of Hunter as dean, chancellor, and Professor Emeritus; discusses the pressure from alumni to fire Hunter over his support of Medicare; states that Hunter was a born leader; discusses Hunter's personnel interactions and budget management. The interview reviews the relationships of faculty, Dean, Vice President, and administrators at U.Va.; management styles; politics and economics; enormous changes of women rights and equality.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterview with Dr. Robert M. Berne and Hunter. Berne was Chairman of the Physiology Department 1966-1988; Professor Emeritus in 1994; was recruited by Hunter to head the Physiology Department; was impressed by the new buildings, funding and grants available for renovations, and availability of new equipment and personnel. Most of Berne's contact was with Ken Crispell. They discuss overall lack of funding in light of inflation, researcher salaries, and decline in support from the state.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Hook and Dr. Leo S. Falk are with Dr. Hunter at his home in Cismont, VA. Dr. Hunter is in poor health, confined to his bed; is thankful for a fulfilling life; expresses a desire to be let \"out of the trap he finds himself in\"; reminisces and gives short bio of his life; cannot understand why people are delaying his death; has no interest in prolonging his existence; asks Dr. Hook to provide a morphine drip and let him peacefully slip away; discusses the topic of personal suicide, physician assisted suicide, and the legalities involved; asks Hook to \"arrange for me to be allowed to have an appropriate exit.\" Dr. Thomas Hunter died October 23, 1997.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Hook and Dr. Hunter discuss terminal illness and dying. Hunter has selected Hook to take care of medical decisions regarding his death when Hunter becomes incapable; does not want his wife to be burdened; discusses quality of life; emphasizes trust when selecting someone to make decisions regarding life support, resuscitation, withdrawing medications, etc.; felt that he was dying when he was in California; accepted it emotionally that he was dying; was not frightened by death. Hook and Hunter agree that patients with terminal illness are isolated. There should be care expanded to patients who know they do not have long to live. Today's medicine is so advanced; prolongs the biological life as long as the vital processes are going on. Lawyers and others are taking over all decisions in many cases. Jonathan Mednick, filmmaker; Margot White, producer\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterview with Dr. Hook and Hunter. Dr. Hunter is in poor health; discusses his quality of life and desire to be \"allowed to die\"; expresses feelings about Hook's refusal to assist in suicide; discusses his legacy and how he wants to be remembered after death; shares thoughts about possible suicide of father and grandfather; expresses pride in his grandson. After the interview, Hook records his own thoughts about Hunter's views on the topics of personal suicide and physician assisted suicide.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["\nThe Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers comprises 118 boxes of official correspondence, statistical reports, ledgers and appointment books, photographs, medals and certificates, student notebooks, conference booklets, reprints of scientific and administrative articles, microscope slides, cassettes, and videotapes.\n","\nThe Hunter Addition to the Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers consists of fourteen boxes of personal papers which complement the original collection.\n","These videos document a series of interviews with Dr. Thomas H. Hunter conducted by Dr. Edward W. Hook. The subject matter is biographical, with special emphasis on Dr. Hunter's experiences as Dean of the University of Virginia School of Medicine, Chancellor of Medical affairs, and Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science.","Hunter describes parents, grandparents, uncles, parents' divorce, transportation of that era, family finances, and his childhood before polio.","Hunter describes effects of polio; living with his mother in Boston while receiving treatment; remarriage of mother; spending summers in Niles, Michigan; school years; classmates that became life-long friends; participating on the rowing team; not being considered \"a cripple.\"","Hunter describes \"no books, no God\"; superstition about the number 13; polio and the possible cause; polio treatment; career choices; father, mother, grandfathers, and Aunt Jesse; summers in Niles, Michigan; schools, headmasters and classmates; importance of participating on rowing team despite being disabled in that era.","\nVideo concludes with Photographs of family, friends and Dr. Hunter at various ages. Images show: Grandfather Hunter; Florence (Patchen) Hunter, grandmother; father in office, the early years before marriage; father smoking a pipe in front of a mirror; Aunt Jesse (devoted herself to 4 generations of Hunter men, never married, and lived with Dr. Hunter until her death); Hunter's mother and him as an infant; Uncle on mother's side; Hunter as an infant; Hunter and mother at approximate age of 2 l/2 - 3 years old; Hunter in wagon, about 3 years old; Barron Lake with grandfather and Aunt Jesse; Hunter on tricycle, about 4 years old; Hunter working with grandfather on farm in Niles, Michigan, about 5-6 years old; Hunter with father at about 5; Hunter with wagon and horse, which belonged to the neighbor; Uncle LeMont, father, and Hunter, first year after polio in 1922 at Barron Lake house; Hunter on crutches at the Niles, Michigan home; Class of Belmont Hill, Boston; Mother at a much later date; Hunter 9 - 11 years old; Hunter, 21 years old, an undergraduate at Harvard, about 1934.\n","Hunter describes his years at Bellmont Hill School, Boston, as the formative days of his childhood. He is very thankful for the time, events, and people of these years at this school; thought of headmasters and friends as his family; was a Monday thru Friday boarder and home on weekends; participated in rowing, tennis, golf and the football team; won prizes in French and Latin and the School Medal; learned the value of team effort; became aware of his polio and its residual damage, but accepted it and incorporated it into his life.","Hunter describes majoring in Psychology and Philosophy; financing his education through scholarships and employment; the pros and cons of Harvard University; his experiences on the honors bracket, student council, as officer of the class, as member of the Signet Society, and playing golf; his favorite courses in the fine arts.","Hunter graduated from Harvard and traveled by sea to England; was assigned a room at the Inner Court of Trinity Hall; received the Henry Fellowship for 1 year; stayed at Cambridge for 3 years; was coxswain on the rowing team; received the Henry Fellowship his second year; continued rowing in year three and received his \"blue\" (letter) on the varsity team; studied and worked all year with no exams; completed oral examinations for a week at the end of the year.","Hunter prepared for studying medicine at Harvard. Courses of study included anatomy, biochemistry, physiology, pharmacology, pathology, and organic chemistry. Students were assigned a tutor who oversaw the college, economic, and cultural life of the student. Hunter departed from Cambridge in 1938; was \"very obtuse to the menace of Hitler and war and never got the full impact of the war\" until much later; returned to Harvard to pursue medical education fall, 1938.","Hunter started Harvard Medical School fall, 1938 and graduated 1940; satisfied basic science requirements, but had limited clinical experience; had Dr. Stead, as instructor at the Boston City Hospital; rotated between 3 different hospitals; did surgical rotation at Brigham Young; worked with Dr. Gamble in the lab (this was his first move into research and lab work); co-authored a paper with Dr. Alfred Shoal on the development and method for measuring serum protein; began internship at the Presbyterian Hospital in New York, February, 1941; married in 1943.","Hunter graduated in 1940; completed internship, 1941-1944; completed residency in 1945. Dr. William Parson, Professor Emeritus, University of Virginia and Chairman of the Department of Medicine 1949-1966 joins Dr. Hunter and Dr. Hook in part 9. Both had interned at Presbyterian Hospital in New York. Parson was one year ahead of Hunter. Hunter was a \"pup\" for 3 months which involved doing procedures, testing, and lab work from the periphery. After 3 months Hunter rotated to surgery, took care of patients, did private service, worked on female and male wards. After attack on Pearl Harbor everyone went off to war. Hunter remained in the United States; married on March 7, 1943; completed residency in 1945; attended the Army Medical School, Walter Reed Hospital, and studied tropical medicine; travelled to Cost Rica where he observed poor patient care which impacted him deeply; became instructor in medicine at the College of Physicians and Surgery at Columbia University; worked with penicillin in the early days of development and manufacture; participated in human research; wrestled with ethical decisions regarding informed consent of the patient.","Hunter quickly assumed higher position and responsibilities at Columbia; received intense clinical experience during this time; described how Dr. Parson was instrumental in bringing Dr. Hunter to U.Va. as Chairman of Internal Medicine; visited UVA in 1952 and was impressed but still did not want the job; was re-invited to U.Va. to be the Dean; as Dean, built relationships with universities, medical schools, and the NIH; through relationship with the NIH and Ken Crispell, contributed to the expansion of the basic sciences buildings; regretted resisting expansion and fund raising during his years as dean; experienced hostility when he signed a document and agreed with Medicare during the Kennedy administration; traveled to South America to work and he was ousted from the deanship while away; became Chancellor in 1964; regretted not anticipating or respecting the roles of African-Americans and women in medicine, education, and leadership; worked to keep the medical school an integral part of the university.","Hunter earned a $2500.00 salary after finishing residency in 1947; decided he could not stay at the hospital; entered private practice where first annual salary was $13,000.00; traveled to South America for 6 weeks; worked in the United Fruit Company hospital where most patients were employees with various diseases and conditions; remained an instructor at Columbia, studying, investigating, and treating patients with penicillin from Pfizer; taught many nursing students; was contacted by Washington University in 1947; moved to Washington University in St. Louis in 1947 with wife, 2 children, elderly aunt and a maid; attended on the ward with no private practice; had his own lab where he could continue his work with penicillin; was promoted to Associate Professor of Medicine and Associate Dean; uncovered the synergy between penicillin and streptomycin (this discovery occurred while treating a patient).","Hunter was invited by Dr. Parsons in 1952 for job as the Dean of Medicine; though the School of Medicine was very small and poor, but had an excellent reputation for turning out reputable graduates. Hunter found the budget situation impossible to work with; was invited back to U.Va. after all candidates had been interviewed. Colgate Darden was the current president and was persuasive in convincing Hunter to come to U.Va. Hunter was attracted by the fact that the University was an old school with great assets. He viewed U.Va. as a relatively small, manageable, high quality academic setting not requiring a big administrative machine. Hunter's agenda included gaining financial support from the State Assembly, turning out more graduates on a slightly larger scale, accepting the cream-of-the-crop applicants, and providing better jobs and training. Hunter's first years were spent working with students, teaching, and being with patients. He did not come to U.Va. with aggressive ideas for building and growth.","Hunter arrived as Dean February, 1953; was 40 years old; had to work with an impossible budget; recieved a low salary; reported to the President of the University; was moved by the degree of growth and quality of the University; saw that there was a lot to be accomplished. There was a faculty of about 50-60 people and 76 students; almost all male; almost all white; from a wide geographic distribution. Hunter worked to break down the negative attitude of potential faculty recruits who saw U.Va. as poor, small, restricted, and provincial; agitated some because he did not want to build buildings, but build people; had a small lab in McKim and a grant during his first 7-10 years; worked on the chemical mechanism of penicillin on different states of organisms and antibacterial activities in other places and its effects in water, plants, and foreign bodies. Hunter's interests declined in the lab, and he became more excited by teaching. He focused on NIH, AAMC, international affairs, and ethics. This took him outside the University and has been attributed to putting the School of Medicine on the map. Hunter also had difficulties in the early years regarding racism and his \"color blindness,\" the Rose Garden affair (Medicare), and a speech he gave to a national gathering of pharmacologists blasting McCarthy.","Hunter's strongest supporters during this period were Dr. Parsons, Doug Eastwood, and Dave Smith. Hunter felt that the Dean had to balance obligation to the university and the department; emphasized a cooperative environment at the School of Medicine where people were comfortable together; did not realize how inadequate many of the facilities were and how the financial structure needed a boost from various sources; credits Ken Crispell with the vision that moved the School forward (Crispell obtained grants to construct buildings for the basic sciences); during this time was president of AAMC, served a 6 year tour at Harvard Board of Overseers, and worked with the NIH International Committee; conceded that his outside interests took up a lot of his time from the University; spent 1962-1963 in California and Colombia; became Chancellor for Medical Affairs in 1966; served as a member of the Center for Advanced Study; was involved with the Rose Garden Affair (Medicare).","Hunter temporarily re-located because of the reaction to his support of Medicare (the Rose Garden Affair); was invited by the Rockefeller Foundation and NIH to start a new international medical school program; relocated to California. The program sought to develop American-style medical schools abroad in key areas. Hunter describes the difficulties of implementing the program in Colombia; outlines reasons for its failure. Spring, 1963, Hunter suffered a collapsed lung and underwent surgery. Complications occurred and he was sent to Presbyterian Hospital in New York. Fall, 1963, Hunter, still recovering, returned to U.Va. and stepped down to become Chancellor of Medical Affairs.","Hunter discusses the separation of the School of Public Health and the School of Medicine; discusses reasons for his stepping down as Dean of the School of Medicine; became Chancellor of Medical Affairs (title was later changed to Vice President of Health Affairs with no change in responsibilities); in 1971 named Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science; no longer required to work in the framework of the administration.","Hunter clarifies points from previous interviews and discusses future topics of conversation; gives views on retirement (retired in 1981 at the age of 68); felt that he should retire so as not to be a \"financial drain\" on the institution; realizes that his time at UVA was a period where many changes were taking place across the country and at UVA in school structures, requirements, and financial support; was a member of several prestigious societies: Center for Advanced Studies, speaker at a seminar at the Centennial Meeting Of the Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Chair of the University Wide Purpose Committee, Distinguished Service Member of AAMC, President of AAMC, UVA Senate, and a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences; was instrumental in starting several Medical Schools: Brown, Morehouse College; Tufts; was awarded the Thomas Jefferson Award and the Raven Society Award.","Dr. Hook clarifies date and content of the letter of resignation written by Hunter on March 24, 1964 to Dr. Edgar Shannon. It was understood that Dr. Ken Crispell, who had been serving in the position as Acting Dean would be appointed as Dean of the Medical School on the same day. Also on March 24, 1964 Shannon made Hunter Chancellor. Crispell wanted to tighten up the Medical School administration and Hunter wanted to \"branch out\" into various areas of the SChool of Medicine and University. Hunter wanted to explore the national and international aspects of medical education. Crispell sent Hunter a letter on April 3, 1964 outlining the concerns he had with vacant positions due to illness and positions vacated by faculty for various reasons. Hunter and Crispell worked together identifying and recruiting people for the various vacant positions in the basic sciences. Hook then investigates Hunter's views on God, love, marriage, homosexuality, HIV/AIDS, and prostitution.","Dr. Norman Thornton is interviewed with Hunter and recalls times when Hunter was Dean and Chancellor and the Rose Garden Affair. Thornton was a U.Va. undergraduate in 1926; graduated in 1936; served 4 years in the military; was associated with U.Va. as a student and faculty member for 29 years; gives gave his views and discusses Hunter's years as Dean, sojourn to California, illness, return to dean after illness, resignation and appointment as chancellor; notes that since the beginning Hunter did not want administrative responsibilities. Hunter delegated to department heads; had an open door policy and provided help whenever he could, considering the poor budget; did not interfere with the department heads. Prominent figures in Hunter's office were John Stacy, who was in charge of the hospital and Vincent Shay who was in charge of getting financial support for the institution. Vincent Archer and Hank Mulholland were responsible for all political aspects of getting money from Richmond. Ken Crispell is given credit for putting U.Va. on the map because of his promotion of the basic sciences and building expansions.","Harlen was the administrative assistant when Hunter was Dean in 1953. Harlin verifies the history of Hunter as dean, chancellor, and Professor Emeritus; discusses the pressure from alumni to fire Hunter over his support of Medicare; states that Hunter was a born leader; discusses Hunter's personnel interactions and budget management. The interview reviews the relationships of faculty, Dean, Vice President, and administrators at U.Va.; management styles; politics and economics; enormous changes of women rights and equality.","Interview with Dr. Robert M. Berne and Hunter. Berne was Chairman of the Physiology Department 1966-1988; Professor Emeritus in 1994; was recruited by Hunter to head the Physiology Department; was impressed by the new buildings, funding and grants available for renovations, and availability of new equipment and personnel. Most of Berne's contact was with Ken Crispell. They discuss overall lack of funding in light of inflation, researcher salaries, and decline in support from the state.","Dr. Hook and Dr. Leo S. Falk are with Dr. Hunter at his home in Cismont, VA. Dr. Hunter is in poor health, confined to his bed; is thankful for a fulfilling life; expresses a desire to be let \"out of the trap he finds himself in\"; reminisces and gives short bio of his life; cannot understand why people are delaying his death; has no interest in prolonging his existence; asks Dr. Hook to provide a morphine drip and let him peacefully slip away; discusses the topic of personal suicide, physician assisted suicide, and the legalities involved; asks Hook to \"arrange for me to be allowed to have an appropriate exit.\" Dr. Thomas Hunter died October 23, 1997.","Dr. Hook and Dr. Hunter discuss terminal illness and dying. Hunter has selected Hook to take care of medical decisions regarding his death when Hunter becomes incapable; does not want his wife to be burdened; discusses quality of life; emphasizes trust when selecting someone to make decisions regarding life support, resuscitation, withdrawing medications, etc.; felt that he was dying when he was in California; accepted it emotionally that he was dying; was not frightened by death. Hook and Hunter agree that patients with terminal illness are isolated. There should be care expanded to patients who know they do not have long to live. Today's medicine is so advanced; prolongs the biological life as long as the vital processes are going on. Lawyers and others are taking over all decisions in many cases. Jonathan Mednick, filmmaker; Margot White, producer","Interview with Dr. Hook and Hunter. Dr. Hunter is in poor health; discusses his quality of life and desire to be \"allowed to die\"; expresses feelings about Hook's refusal to assist in suicide; discusses his legacy and how he wants to be remembered after death; shares thoughts about possible suicide of father and grandfather; expresses pride in his grandson. After the interview, Hook records his own thoughts about Hunter's views on the topics of personal suicide and physician assisted suicide."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions"],"names_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library"],"corpname_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":4038,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:48:36.769Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521_c360"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521_c361","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"1933-1934 MISCELLANEOUS MATERIAL","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521_c361#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521_c361","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521_c361"],"id":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521_c361","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115","_root_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521","parent_ssim":["viu_repositories_7_resources_115","viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_7_resources_115","viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers","HUNTER ADDITION"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers","HUNTER ADDITION"],"text":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers","HUNTER ADDITION","1933-1934 MISCELLANEOUS MATERIAL","box 09","folder 06"],"title_filing_ssi":"1933-1934 MISCELLANEOUS MATERIAL","title_ssm":["1933-1934 MISCELLANEOUS MATERIAL"],"title_tesim":["1933-1934 MISCELLANEOUS MATERIAL"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1933-1934"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1933/1934"],"normalized_title_ssm":["1933-1934 MISCELLANEOUS MATERIAL"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":3882,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions"],"date_range_isim":[1933,1934],"containers_ssim":["box 09","folder 06"],"_nest_path_":"/components#3520/components#360","timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:48:36.769Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115","_root_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_7_resources_115.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/100","title_ssm":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers"],"title_tesim":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1934-1995"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1934-1995"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.4","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/115"],"text":["MS.4","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/115","The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers","Hunter main collection of career papers and assorted objects: 118 boxes, 13 cm x 39.5 cm x 26.5\n\n\nHunter addition of mainly family correspondence and memorabilia and interviews with Hunter from 1993 to 1997: 15 boxes, 14 boxes are 13 cm x 39.5 cm x 26.5 cm, 1 box is 27 cm x 33 cm x 41 cm.","There are no restrictions.","\nThomas Harrison Hunter was born in Chicago on October 12, 1913. Despite a childhood bout with polio that left him on crutches from the age of seven, Hunter was a coxswain on the crew teams at both Harvard and Cambridge, where he was a Henry Fellow at Trinity Hall. He completed his medical education at Harvard Medical School.\n","\nDuring his internship and residency training at Columbia University Presbyterian Hospital in New York, Hunter began the clinical research that would lead to a dual antibiotic treatment for bacterial endocarditis, an infection of the heart's lining and valves that had previously been uniformly fatal.\n","\nHunter was Dean of the University of Virginia School of Medicine from 1953 to 1965, Chancellor for Medical Affairs from 1965 to 1970, and Vice President for Medical Affairs from 1970 to 1971. In 1970 he received the Thomas Jefferson Award, the highest honor bestowed by the University of Virginia. In 1973 he received the Raven Award for excellence in service and contribution to the University. In 1971 Hunter was named Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science, co-founding the model Program in Human Biology and Society with Joseph Fletcher. In addition he served as President of the American Association of Medical Colleges (AAMC) and Treasurer of the Pan American Federation of Associations of Medical Schools (PAFAMS), of which he was a founder.\n","\nThomas H. Hunter was deeply interested in international medicine, arguing that health and medicine provide a uniquely powerful bridge to international understanding. In his presidential address to the AAMC in 1960, Hunter called the attention of the United States medical community to its opportunities and responsibilities in other countries. Accompanied by his wife, Anne Fulcher Hunter and their five children, Hunter spent a year teaching in Cali, Colombia as a representative of the Rockefeller Foundation. He also worked and taught in Egypt, Venezuela, Tunisia, Kenya, Cameroon, Chile, and Brazil. The Thomas H. Hunter Professorship of International Medicine was established in 1989 by the University of Virginia Medical School.\n","\nThroughout his career, Thomas H. Hunter served in an advisory capacity to numerous medical schools in the United States and was a pioneer in the field of bioethics. His life was characterized by the promulgation of scientific excellence combined with human compassion. Thomas H. Hunter died on October 23, 1997 at his home in Cismont, Virginia.\n","Processed by: Historical Collections Staff","Finding Aid by M. Alison White","\nThe Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers comprises 118 boxes of official correspondence, statistical reports, ledgers and appointment books, photographs, medals and certificates, student notebooks, conference booklets, reprints of scientific and administrative articles, microscope slides, cassettes, and videotapes.\n","\nThe Hunter Addition to the Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers consists of fourteen boxes of personal papers which complement the original collection.\n","These videos document a series of interviews with Dr. Thomas H. Hunter conducted by Dr. Edward W. Hook. The subject matter is biographical, with special emphasis on Dr. Hunter's experiences as Dean of the University of Virginia School of Medicine, Chancellor of Medical affairs, and Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science.","Hunter describes parents, grandparents, uncles, parents' divorce, transportation of that era, family finances, and his childhood before polio.","Hunter describes effects of polio; living with his mother in Boston while receiving treatment; remarriage of mother; spending summers in Niles, Michigan; school years; classmates that became life-long friends; participating on the rowing team; not being considered \"a cripple.\"","Hunter describes \"no books, no God\"; superstition about the number 13; polio and the possible cause; polio treatment; career choices; father, mother, grandfathers, and Aunt Jesse; summers in Niles, Michigan; schools, headmasters and classmates; importance of participating on rowing team despite being disabled in that era.","\nVideo concludes with Photographs of family, friends and Dr. Hunter at various ages. Images show: Grandfather Hunter; Florence (Patchen) Hunter, grandmother; father in office, the early years before marriage; father smoking a pipe in front of a mirror; Aunt Jesse (devoted herself to 4 generations of Hunter men, never married, and lived with Dr. Hunter until her death); Hunter's mother and him as an infant; Uncle on mother's side; Hunter as an infant; Hunter and mother at approximate age of 2 l/2 - 3 years old; Hunter in wagon, about 3 years old; Barron Lake with grandfather and Aunt Jesse; Hunter on tricycle, about 4 years old; Hunter working with grandfather on farm in Niles, Michigan, about 5-6 years old; Hunter with father at about 5; Hunter with wagon and horse, which belonged to the neighbor; Uncle LeMont, father, and Hunter, first year after polio in 1922 at Barron Lake house; Hunter on crutches at the Niles, Michigan home; Class of Belmont Hill, Boston; Mother at a much later date; Hunter 9 - 11 years old; Hunter, 21 years old, an undergraduate at Harvard, about 1934.\n","Hunter describes his years at Bellmont Hill School, Boston, as the formative days of his childhood. He is very thankful for the time, events, and people of these years at this school; thought of headmasters and friends as his family; was a Monday thru Friday boarder and home on weekends; participated in rowing, tennis, golf and the football team; won prizes in French and Latin and the School Medal; learned the value of team effort; became aware of his polio and its residual damage, but accepted it and incorporated it into his life.","Hunter describes majoring in Psychology and Philosophy; financing his education through scholarships and employment; the pros and cons of Harvard University; his experiences on the honors bracket, student council, as officer of the class, as member of the Signet Society, and playing golf; his favorite courses in the fine arts.","Hunter graduated from Harvard and traveled by sea to England; was assigned a room at the Inner Court of Trinity Hall; received the Henry Fellowship for 1 year; stayed at Cambridge for 3 years; was coxswain on the rowing team; received the Henry Fellowship his second year; continued rowing in year three and received his \"blue\" (letter) on the varsity team; studied and worked all year with no exams; completed oral examinations for a week at the end of the year.","Hunter prepared for studying medicine at Harvard. Courses of study included anatomy, biochemistry, physiology, pharmacology, pathology, and organic chemistry. Students were assigned a tutor who oversaw the college, economic, and cultural life of the student. Hunter departed from Cambridge in 1938; was \"very obtuse to the menace of Hitler and war and never got the full impact of the war\" until much later; returned to Harvard to pursue medical education fall, 1938.","Hunter started Harvard Medical School fall, 1938 and graduated 1940; satisfied basic science requirements, but had limited clinical experience; had Dr. Stead, as instructor at the Boston City Hospital; rotated between 3 different hospitals; did surgical rotation at Brigham Young; worked with Dr. Gamble in the lab (this was his first move into research and lab work); co-authored a paper with Dr. Alfred Shoal on the development and method for measuring serum protein; began internship at the Presbyterian Hospital in New York, February, 1941; married in 1943.","Hunter graduated in 1940; completed internship, 1941-1944; completed residency in 1945. Dr. William Parson, Professor Emeritus, University of Virginia and Chairman of the Department of Medicine 1949-1966 joins Dr. Hunter and Dr. Hook in part 9. Both had interned at Presbyterian Hospital in New York. Parson was one year ahead of Hunter. Hunter was a \"pup\" for 3 months which involved doing procedures, testing, and lab work from the periphery. After 3 months Hunter rotated to surgery, took care of patients, did private service, worked on female and male wards. After attack on Pearl Harbor everyone went off to war. Hunter remained in the United States; married on March 7, 1943; completed residency in 1945; attended the Army Medical School, Walter Reed Hospital, and studied tropical medicine; travelled to Cost Rica where he observed poor patient care which impacted him deeply; became instructor in medicine at the College of Physicians and Surgery at Columbia University; worked with penicillin in the early days of development and manufacture; participated in human research; wrestled with ethical decisions regarding informed consent of the patient.","Hunter quickly assumed higher position and responsibilities at Columbia; received intense clinical experience during this time; described how Dr. Parson was instrumental in bringing Dr. Hunter to U.Va. as Chairman of Internal Medicine; visited UVA in 1952 and was impressed but still did not want the job; was re-invited to U.Va. to be the Dean; as Dean, built relationships with universities, medical schools, and the NIH; through relationship with the NIH and Ken Crispell, contributed to the expansion of the basic sciences buildings; regretted resisting expansion and fund raising during his years as dean; experienced hostility when he signed a document and agreed with Medicare during the Kennedy administration; traveled to South America to work and he was ousted from the deanship while away; became Chancellor in 1964; regretted not anticipating or respecting the roles of African-Americans and women in medicine, education, and leadership; worked to keep the medical school an integral part of the university.","Hunter earned a $2500.00 salary after finishing residency in 1947; decided he could not stay at the hospital; entered private practice where first annual salary was $13,000.00; traveled to South America for 6 weeks; worked in the United Fruit Company hospital where most patients were employees with various diseases and conditions; remained an instructor at Columbia, studying, investigating, and treating patients with penicillin from Pfizer; taught many nursing students; was contacted by Washington University in 1947; moved to Washington University in St. Louis in 1947 with wife, 2 children, elderly aunt and a maid; attended on the ward with no private practice; had his own lab where he could continue his work with penicillin; was promoted to Associate Professor of Medicine and Associate Dean; uncovered the synergy between penicillin and streptomycin (this discovery occurred while treating a patient).","Hunter was invited by Dr. Parsons in 1952 for job as the Dean of Medicine; though the School of Medicine was very small and poor, but had an excellent reputation for turning out reputable graduates. Hunter found the budget situation impossible to work with; was invited back to U.Va. after all candidates had been interviewed. Colgate Darden was the current president and was persuasive in convincing Hunter to come to U.Va. Hunter was attracted by the fact that the University was an old school with great assets. He viewed U.Va. as a relatively small, manageable, high quality academic setting not requiring a big administrative machine. Hunter's agenda included gaining financial support from the State Assembly, turning out more graduates on a slightly larger scale, accepting the cream-of-the-crop applicants, and providing better jobs and training. Hunter's first years were spent working with students, teaching, and being with patients. He did not come to U.Va. with aggressive ideas for building and growth.","Hunter arrived as Dean February, 1953; was 40 years old; had to work with an impossible budget; recieved a low salary; reported to the President of the University; was moved by the degree of growth and quality of the University; saw that there was a lot to be accomplished. There was a faculty of about 50-60 people and 76 students; almost all male; almost all white; from a wide geographic distribution. Hunter worked to break down the negative attitude of potential faculty recruits who saw U.Va. as poor, small, restricted, and provincial; agitated some because he did not want to build buildings, but build people; had a small lab in McKim and a grant during his first 7-10 years; worked on the chemical mechanism of penicillin on different states of organisms and antibacterial activities in other places and its effects in water, plants, and foreign bodies. Hunter's interests declined in the lab, and he became more excited by teaching. He focused on NIH, AAMC, international affairs, and ethics. This took him outside the University and has been attributed to putting the School of Medicine on the map. Hunter also had difficulties in the early years regarding racism and his \"color blindness,\" the Rose Garden affair (Medicare), and a speech he gave to a national gathering of pharmacologists blasting McCarthy.","Hunter's strongest supporters during this period were Dr. Parsons, Doug Eastwood, and Dave Smith. Hunter felt that the Dean had to balance obligation to the university and the department; emphasized a cooperative environment at the School of Medicine where people were comfortable together; did not realize how inadequate many of the facilities were and how the financial structure needed a boost from various sources; credits Ken Crispell with the vision that moved the School forward (Crispell obtained grants to construct buildings for the basic sciences); during this time was president of AAMC, served a 6 year tour at Harvard Board of Overseers, and worked with the NIH International Committee; conceded that his outside interests took up a lot of his time from the University; spent 1962-1963 in California and Colombia; became Chancellor for Medical Affairs in 1966; served as a member of the Center for Advanced Study; was involved with the Rose Garden Affair (Medicare).","Hunter temporarily re-located because of the reaction to his support of Medicare (the Rose Garden Affair); was invited by the Rockefeller Foundation and NIH to start a new international medical school program; relocated to California. The program sought to develop American-style medical schools abroad in key areas. Hunter describes the difficulties of implementing the program in Colombia; outlines reasons for its failure. Spring, 1963, Hunter suffered a collapsed lung and underwent surgery. Complications occurred and he was sent to Presbyterian Hospital in New York. Fall, 1963, Hunter, still recovering, returned to U.Va. and stepped down to become Chancellor of Medical Affairs.","Hunter discusses the separation of the School of Public Health and the School of Medicine; discusses reasons for his stepping down as Dean of the School of Medicine; became Chancellor of Medical Affairs (title was later changed to Vice President of Health Affairs with no change in responsibilities); in 1971 named Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science; no longer required to work in the framework of the administration.","Hunter clarifies points from previous interviews and discusses future topics of conversation; gives views on retirement (retired in 1981 at the age of 68); felt that he should retire so as not to be a \"financial drain\" on the institution; realizes that his time at UVA was a period where many changes were taking place across the country and at UVA in school structures, requirements, and financial support; was a member of several prestigious societies: Center for Advanced Studies, speaker at a seminar at the Centennial Meeting Of the Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Chair of the University Wide Purpose Committee, Distinguished Service Member of AAMC, President of AAMC, UVA Senate, and a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences; was instrumental in starting several Medical Schools: Brown, Morehouse College; Tufts; was awarded the Thomas Jefferson Award and the Raven Society Award.","Dr. Hook clarifies date and content of the letter of resignation written by Hunter on March 24, 1964 to Dr. Edgar Shannon. It was understood that Dr. Ken Crispell, who had been serving in the position as Acting Dean would be appointed as Dean of the Medical School on the same day. Also on March 24, 1964 Shannon made Hunter Chancellor. Crispell wanted to tighten up the Medical School administration and Hunter wanted to \"branch out\" into various areas of the SChool of Medicine and University. Hunter wanted to explore the national and international aspects of medical education. Crispell sent Hunter a letter on April 3, 1964 outlining the concerns he had with vacant positions due to illness and positions vacated by faculty for various reasons. Hunter and Crispell worked together identifying and recruiting people for the various vacant positions in the basic sciences. Hook then investigates Hunter's views on God, love, marriage, homosexuality, HIV/AIDS, and prostitution.","Dr. Norman Thornton is interviewed with Hunter and recalls times when Hunter was Dean and Chancellor and the Rose Garden Affair. Thornton was a U.Va. undergraduate in 1926; graduated in 1936; served 4 years in the military; was associated with U.Va. as a student and faculty member for 29 years; gives gave his views and discusses Hunter's years as Dean, sojourn to California, illness, return to dean after illness, resignation and appointment as chancellor; notes that since the beginning Hunter did not want administrative responsibilities. Hunter delegated to department heads; had an open door policy and provided help whenever he could, considering the poor budget; did not interfere with the department heads. Prominent figures in Hunter's office were John Stacy, who was in charge of the hospital and Vincent Shay who was in charge of getting financial support for the institution. Vincent Archer and Hank Mulholland were responsible for all political aspects of getting money from Richmond. Ken Crispell is given credit for putting U.Va. on the map because of his promotion of the basic sciences and building expansions.","Harlen was the administrative assistant when Hunter was Dean in 1953. Harlin verifies the history of Hunter as dean, chancellor, and Professor Emeritus; discusses the pressure from alumni to fire Hunter over his support of Medicare; states that Hunter was a born leader; discusses Hunter's personnel interactions and budget management. The interview reviews the relationships of faculty, Dean, Vice President, and administrators at U.Va.; management styles; politics and economics; enormous changes of women rights and equality.","Interview with Dr. Robert M. Berne and Hunter. Berne was Chairman of the Physiology Department 1966-1988; Professor Emeritus in 1994; was recruited by Hunter to head the Physiology Department; was impressed by the new buildings, funding and grants available for renovations, and availability of new equipment and personnel. Most of Berne's contact was with Ken Crispell. They discuss overall lack of funding in light of inflation, researcher salaries, and decline in support from the state.","Dr. Hook and Dr. Leo S. Falk are with Dr. Hunter at his home in Cismont, VA. Dr. Hunter is in poor health, confined to his bed; is thankful for a fulfilling life; expresses a desire to be let \"out of the trap he finds himself in\"; reminisces and gives short bio of his life; cannot understand why people are delaying his death; has no interest in prolonging his existence; asks Dr. Hook to provide a morphine drip and let him peacefully slip away; discusses the topic of personal suicide, physician assisted suicide, and the legalities involved; asks Hook to \"arrange for me to be allowed to have an appropriate exit.\" Dr. Thomas Hunter died October 23, 1997.","Dr. Hook and Dr. Hunter discuss terminal illness and dying. Hunter has selected Hook to take care of medical decisions regarding his death when Hunter becomes incapable; does not want his wife to be burdened; discusses quality of life; emphasizes trust when selecting someone to make decisions regarding life support, resuscitation, withdrawing medications, etc.; felt that he was dying when he was in California; accepted it emotionally that he was dying; was not frightened by death. Hook and Hunter agree that patients with terminal illness are isolated. There should be care expanded to patients who know they do not have long to live. Today's medicine is so advanced; prolongs the biological life as long as the vital processes are going on. Lawyers and others are taking over all decisions in many cases. Jonathan Mednick, filmmaker; Margot White, producer","Interview with Dr. Hook and Hunter. Dr. Hunter is in poor health; discusses his quality of life and desire to be \"allowed to die\"; expresses feelings about Hook's refusal to assist in suicide; discusses his legacy and how he wants to be remembered after death; shares thoughts about possible suicide of father and grandfather; expresses pride in his grandson. After the interview, Hook records his own thoughts about Hunter's views on the topics of personal suicide and physician assisted suicide.","There are no restrictions","Claude Moore Health Sciences Library","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.4","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/115"],"normalized_title_ssm":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers"],"collection_ssim":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Hunter main collection of career papers and assorted objects: 118 boxes, 13 cm x 39.5 cm x 26.5\n\n\nHunter addition of mainly family correspondence and memorabilia and interviews with Hunter from 1993 to 1997: 15 boxes, 14 boxes are 13 cm x 39.5 cm x 26.5 cm, 1 box is 27 cm x 33 cm x 41 cm."],"extent_ssm":["56 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["56 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nThomas Harrison Hunter was born in Chicago on October 12, 1913. Despite a childhood bout with polio that left him on crutches from the age of seven, Hunter was a coxswain on the crew teams at both Harvard and Cambridge, where he was a Henry Fellow at Trinity Hall. He completed his medical education at Harvard Medical School.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nDuring his internship and residency training at Columbia University Presbyterian Hospital in New York, Hunter began the clinical research that would lead to a dual antibiotic treatment for bacterial endocarditis, an infection of the heart's lining and valves that had previously been uniformly fatal.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nHunter was Dean of the University of Virginia School of Medicine from 1953 to 1965, Chancellor for Medical Affairs from 1965 to 1970, and Vice President for Medical Affairs from 1970 to 1971. In 1970 he received the Thomas Jefferson Award, the highest honor bestowed by the University of Virginia. In 1973 he received the Raven Award for excellence in service and contribution to the University. In 1971 Hunter was named Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science, co-founding the model Program in Human Biology and Society with Joseph Fletcher. In addition he served as President of the American Association of Medical Colleges (AAMC) and Treasurer of the Pan American Federation of Associations of Medical Schools (PAFAMS), of which he was a founder.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThomas H. Hunter was deeply interested in international medicine, arguing that health and medicine provide a uniquely powerful bridge to international understanding. In his presidential address to the AAMC in 1960, Hunter called the attention of the United States medical community to its opportunities and responsibilities in other countries. Accompanied by his wife, Anne Fulcher Hunter and their five children, Hunter spent a year teaching in Cali, Colombia as a representative of the Rockefeller Foundation. He also worked and taught in Egypt, Venezuela, Tunisia, Kenya, Cameroon, Chile, and Brazil. The Thomas H. Hunter Professorship of International Medicine was established in 1989 by the University of Virginia Medical School.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThroughout his career, Thomas H. Hunter served in an advisory capacity to numerous medical schools in the United States and was a pioneer in the field of bioethics. His life was characterized by the promulgation of scientific excellence combined with human compassion. Thomas H. Hunter died on October 23, 1997 at his home in Cismont, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["\nThomas Harrison Hunter was born in Chicago on October 12, 1913. Despite a childhood bout with polio that left him on crutches from the age of seven, Hunter was a coxswain on the crew teams at both Harvard and Cambridge, where he was a Henry Fellow at Trinity Hall. He completed his medical education at Harvard Medical School.\n","\nDuring his internship and residency training at Columbia University Presbyterian Hospital in New York, Hunter began the clinical research that would lead to a dual antibiotic treatment for bacterial endocarditis, an infection of the heart's lining and valves that had previously been uniformly fatal.\n","\nHunter was Dean of the University of Virginia School of Medicine from 1953 to 1965, Chancellor for Medical Affairs from 1965 to 1970, and Vice President for Medical Affairs from 1970 to 1971. In 1970 he received the Thomas Jefferson Award, the highest honor bestowed by the University of Virginia. In 1973 he received the Raven Award for excellence in service and contribution to the University. In 1971 Hunter was named Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science, co-founding the model Program in Human Biology and Society with Joseph Fletcher. In addition he served as President of the American Association of Medical Colleges (AAMC) and Treasurer of the Pan American Federation of Associations of Medical Schools (PAFAMS), of which he was a founder.\n","\nThomas H. Hunter was deeply interested in international medicine, arguing that health and medicine provide a uniquely powerful bridge to international understanding. In his presidential address to the AAMC in 1960, Hunter called the attention of the United States medical community to its opportunities and responsibilities in other countries. Accompanied by his wife, Anne Fulcher Hunter and their five children, Hunter spent a year teaching in Cali, Colombia as a representative of the Rockefeller Foundation. He also worked and taught in Egypt, Venezuela, Tunisia, Kenya, Cameroon, Chile, and Brazil. The Thomas H. Hunter Professorship of International Medicine was established in 1989 by the University of Virginia Medical School.\n","\nThroughout his career, Thomas H. Hunter served in an advisory capacity to numerous medical schools in the United States and was a pioneer in the field of bioethics. His life was characterized by the promulgation of scientific excellence combined with human compassion. Thomas H. Hunter died on October 23, 1997 at his home in Cismont, Virginia.\n"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eProcessed by:\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eHistorical Collections Staff\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["Processed by: Historical Collections Staff"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers, MS-4, Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, Historical Collections and Services, University of Virginia\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers, MS-4, Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, Historical Collections and Services, University of Virginia"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFinding Aid by M. Alison White\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Finding Aid by M. Alison White"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nThe Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers comprises 118 boxes of official correspondence, statistical reports, ledgers and appointment books, photographs, medals and certificates, student notebooks, conference booklets, reprints of scientific and administrative articles, microscope slides, cassettes, and videotapes.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Hunter Addition to the Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers consists of fourteen boxes of personal papers which complement the original collection.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese videos document a series of interviews with Dr. Thomas H. Hunter conducted by Dr. Edward W. Hook. The subject matter is biographical, with special emphasis on Dr. Hunter's experiences as Dean of the University of Virginia School of Medicine, Chancellor of Medical affairs, and Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter describes parents, grandparents, uncles, parents' divorce, transportation of that era, family finances, and his childhood before polio.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter describes effects of polio; living with his mother in Boston while receiving treatment; remarriage of mother; spending summers in Niles, Michigan; school years; classmates that became life-long friends; participating on the rowing team; not being considered \"a cripple.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter describes \"no books, no God\"; superstition about the number 13; polio and the possible cause; polio treatment; career choices; father, mother, grandfathers, and Aunt Jesse; summers in Niles, Michigan; schools, headmasters and classmates; importance of participating on rowing team despite being disabled in that era.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nVideo concludes with Photographs of family, friends and Dr. Hunter at various ages. Images show: Grandfather Hunter; Florence (Patchen) Hunter, grandmother; father in office, the early years before marriage; father smoking a pipe in front of a mirror; Aunt Jesse (devoted herself to 4 generations of Hunter men, never married, and lived with Dr. Hunter until her death); Hunter's mother and him as an infant; Uncle on mother's side; Hunter as an infant; Hunter and mother at approximate age of 2 l/2 - 3 years old; Hunter in wagon, about 3 years old; Barron Lake with grandfather and Aunt Jesse; Hunter on tricycle, about 4 years old; Hunter working with grandfather on farm in Niles, Michigan, about 5-6 years old; Hunter with father at about 5; Hunter with wagon and horse, which belonged to the neighbor; Uncle LeMont, father, and Hunter, first year after polio in 1922 at Barron Lake house; Hunter on crutches at the Niles, Michigan home; Class of Belmont Hill, Boston; Mother at a much later date; Hunter 9 - 11 years old; Hunter, 21 years old, an undergraduate at Harvard, about 1934.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter describes his years at Bellmont Hill School, Boston, as the formative days of his childhood. He is very thankful for the time, events, and people of these years at this school; thought of headmasters and friends as his family; was a Monday thru Friday boarder and home on weekends; participated in rowing, tennis, golf and the football team; won prizes in French and Latin and the School Medal; learned the value of team effort; became aware of his polio and its residual damage, but accepted it and incorporated it into his life.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter describes majoring in Psychology and Philosophy; financing his education through scholarships and employment; the pros and cons of Harvard University; his experiences on the honors bracket, student council, as officer of the class, as member of the Signet Society, and playing golf; his favorite courses in the fine arts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter graduated from Harvard and traveled by sea to England; was assigned a room at the Inner Court of Trinity Hall; received the Henry Fellowship for 1 year; stayed at Cambridge for 3 years; was coxswain on the rowing team; received the Henry Fellowship his second year; continued rowing in year three and received his \"blue\" (letter) on the varsity team; studied and worked all year with no exams; completed oral examinations for a week at the end of the year.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter prepared for studying medicine at Harvard. Courses of study included anatomy, biochemistry, physiology, pharmacology, pathology, and organic chemistry. Students were assigned a tutor who oversaw the college, economic, and cultural life of the student. Hunter departed from Cambridge in 1938; was \"very obtuse to the menace of Hitler and war and never got the full impact of the war\" until much later; returned to Harvard to pursue medical education fall, 1938.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter started Harvard Medical School fall, 1938 and graduated 1940; satisfied basic science requirements, but had limited clinical experience; had Dr. Stead, as instructor at the Boston City Hospital; rotated between 3 different hospitals; did surgical rotation at Brigham Young; worked with Dr. Gamble in the lab (this was his first move into research and lab work); co-authored a paper with Dr. Alfred Shoal on the development and method for measuring serum protein; began internship at the Presbyterian Hospital in New York, February, 1941; married in 1943.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter graduated in 1940; completed internship, 1941-1944; completed residency in 1945. Dr. William Parson, Professor Emeritus, University of Virginia and Chairman of the Department of Medicine 1949-1966 joins Dr. Hunter and Dr. Hook in part 9. Both had interned at Presbyterian Hospital in New York. Parson was one year ahead of Hunter. Hunter was a \"pup\" for 3 months which involved doing procedures, testing, and lab work from the periphery. After 3 months Hunter rotated to surgery, took care of patients, did private service, worked on female and male wards. After attack on Pearl Harbor everyone went off to war. Hunter remained in the United States; married on March 7, 1943; completed residency in 1945; attended the Army Medical School, Walter Reed Hospital, and studied tropical medicine; travelled to Cost Rica where he observed poor patient care which impacted him deeply; became instructor in medicine at the College of Physicians and Surgery at Columbia University; worked with penicillin in the early days of development and manufacture; participated in human research; wrestled with ethical decisions regarding informed consent of the patient.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter quickly assumed higher position and responsibilities at Columbia; received intense clinical experience during this time; described how Dr. Parson was instrumental in bringing Dr. Hunter to U.Va. as Chairman of Internal Medicine; visited UVA in 1952 and was impressed but still did not want the job; was re-invited to U.Va. to be the Dean; as Dean, built relationships with universities, medical schools, and the NIH; through relationship with the NIH and Ken Crispell, contributed to the expansion of the basic sciences buildings; regretted resisting expansion and fund raising during his years as dean; experienced hostility when he signed a document and agreed with Medicare during the Kennedy administration; traveled to South America to work and he was ousted from the deanship while away; became Chancellor in 1964; regretted not anticipating or respecting the roles of African-Americans and women in medicine, education, and leadership; worked to keep the medical school an integral part of the university.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter earned a $2500.00 salary after finishing residency in 1947; decided he could not stay at the hospital; entered private practice where first annual salary was $13,000.00; traveled to South America for 6 weeks; worked in the United Fruit Company hospital where most patients were employees with various diseases and conditions; remained an instructor at Columbia, studying, investigating, and treating patients with penicillin from Pfizer; taught many nursing students; was contacted by Washington University in 1947; moved to Washington University in St. Louis in 1947 with wife, 2 children, elderly aunt and a maid; attended on the ward with no private practice; had his own lab where he could continue his work with penicillin; was promoted to Associate Professor of Medicine and Associate Dean; uncovered the synergy between penicillin and streptomycin (this discovery occurred while treating a patient).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter was invited by Dr. Parsons in 1952 for job as the Dean of Medicine; though the School of Medicine was very small and poor, but had an excellent reputation for turning out reputable graduates. Hunter found the budget situation impossible to work with; was invited back to U.Va. after all candidates had been interviewed. Colgate Darden was the current president and was persuasive in convincing Hunter to come to U.Va. Hunter was attracted by the fact that the University was an old school with great assets. He viewed U.Va. as a relatively small, manageable, high quality academic setting not requiring a big administrative machine. Hunter's agenda included gaining financial support from the State Assembly, turning out more graduates on a slightly larger scale, accepting the cream-of-the-crop applicants, and providing better jobs and training. Hunter's first years were spent working with students, teaching, and being with patients. He did not come to U.Va. with aggressive ideas for building and growth.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter arrived as Dean February, 1953; was 40 years old; had to work with an impossible budget; recieved a low salary; reported to the President of the University; was moved by the degree of growth and quality of the University; saw that there was a lot to be accomplished. There was a faculty of about 50-60 people and 76 students; almost all male; almost all white; from a wide geographic distribution. Hunter worked to break down the negative attitude of potential faculty recruits who saw U.Va. as poor, small, restricted, and provincial; agitated some because he did not want to build buildings, but build people; had a small lab in McKim and a grant during his first 7-10 years; worked on the chemical mechanism of penicillin on different states of organisms and antibacterial activities in other places and its effects in water, plants, and foreign bodies. Hunter's interests declined in the lab, and he became more excited by teaching. He focused on NIH, AAMC, international affairs, and ethics. This took him outside the University and has been attributed to putting the School of Medicine on the map. Hunter also had difficulties in the early years regarding racism and his \"color blindness,\" the Rose Garden affair (Medicare), and a speech he gave to a national gathering of pharmacologists blasting McCarthy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter's strongest supporters during this period were Dr. Parsons, Doug Eastwood, and Dave Smith. Hunter felt that the Dean had to balance obligation to the university and the department; emphasized a cooperative environment at the School of Medicine where people were comfortable together; did not realize how inadequate many of the facilities were and how the financial structure needed a boost from various sources; credits Ken Crispell with the vision that moved the School forward (Crispell obtained grants to construct buildings for the basic sciences); during this time was president of AAMC, served a 6 year tour at Harvard Board of Overseers, and worked with the NIH International Committee; conceded that his outside interests took up a lot of his time from the University; spent 1962-1963 in California and Colombia; became Chancellor for Medical Affairs in 1966; served as a member of the Center for Advanced Study; was involved with the Rose Garden Affair (Medicare).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter temporarily re-located because of the reaction to his support of Medicare (the Rose Garden Affair); was invited by the Rockefeller Foundation and NIH to start a new international medical school program; relocated to California. The program sought to develop American-style medical schools abroad in key areas. Hunter describes the difficulties of implementing the program in Colombia; outlines reasons for its failure. Spring, 1963, Hunter suffered a collapsed lung and underwent surgery. Complications occurred and he was sent to Presbyterian Hospital in New York. Fall, 1963, Hunter, still recovering, returned to U.Va. and stepped down to become Chancellor of Medical Affairs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter discusses the separation of the School of Public Health and the School of Medicine; discusses reasons for his stepping down as Dean of the School of Medicine; became Chancellor of Medical Affairs (title was later changed to Vice President of Health Affairs with no change in responsibilities); in 1971 named Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science; no longer required to work in the framework of the administration.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter clarifies points from previous interviews and discusses future topics of conversation; gives views on retirement (retired in 1981 at the age of 68); felt that he should retire so as not to be a \"financial drain\" on the institution; realizes that his time at UVA was a period where many changes were taking place across the country and at UVA in school structures, requirements, and financial support; was a member of several prestigious societies: Center for Advanced Studies, speaker at a seminar at the Centennial Meeting Of the Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Chair of the University Wide Purpose Committee, Distinguished Service Member of AAMC, President of AAMC, UVA Senate, and a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences; was instrumental in starting several Medical Schools: Brown, Morehouse College; Tufts; was awarded the Thomas Jefferson Award and the Raven Society Award.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Hook clarifies date and content of the letter of resignation written by Hunter on March 24, 1964 to Dr. Edgar Shannon. It was understood that Dr. Ken Crispell, who had been serving in the position as Acting Dean would be appointed as Dean of the Medical School on the same day. Also on March 24, 1964 Shannon made Hunter Chancellor. Crispell wanted to tighten up the Medical School administration and Hunter wanted to \"branch out\" into various areas of the SChool of Medicine and University. Hunter wanted to explore the national and international aspects of medical education. Crispell sent Hunter a letter on April 3, 1964 outlining the concerns he had with vacant positions due to illness and positions vacated by faculty for various reasons. Hunter and Crispell worked together identifying and recruiting people for the various vacant positions in the basic sciences. Hook then investigates Hunter's views on God, love, marriage, homosexuality, HIV/AIDS, and prostitution.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Norman Thornton is interviewed with Hunter and recalls times when Hunter was Dean and Chancellor and the Rose Garden Affair. Thornton was a U.Va. undergraduate in 1926; graduated in 1936; served 4 years in the military; was associated with U.Va. as a student and faculty member for 29 years; gives gave his views and discusses Hunter's years as Dean, sojourn to California, illness, return to dean after illness, resignation and appointment as chancellor; notes that since the beginning Hunter did not want administrative responsibilities. Hunter delegated to department heads; had an open door policy and provided help whenever he could, considering the poor budget; did not interfere with the department heads. Prominent figures in Hunter's office were John Stacy, who was in charge of the hospital and Vincent Shay who was in charge of getting financial support for the institution. Vincent Archer and Hank Mulholland were responsible for all political aspects of getting money from Richmond. Ken Crispell is given credit for putting U.Va. on the map because of his promotion of the basic sciences and building expansions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarlen was the administrative assistant when Hunter was Dean in 1953. Harlin verifies the history of Hunter as dean, chancellor, and Professor Emeritus; discusses the pressure from alumni to fire Hunter over his support of Medicare; states that Hunter was a born leader; discusses Hunter's personnel interactions and budget management. The interview reviews the relationships of faculty, Dean, Vice President, and administrators at U.Va.; management styles; politics and economics; enormous changes of women rights and equality.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterview with Dr. Robert M. Berne and Hunter. Berne was Chairman of the Physiology Department 1966-1988; Professor Emeritus in 1994; was recruited by Hunter to head the Physiology Department; was impressed by the new buildings, funding and grants available for renovations, and availability of new equipment and personnel. Most of Berne's contact was with Ken Crispell. They discuss overall lack of funding in light of inflation, researcher salaries, and decline in support from the state.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Hook and Dr. Leo S. Falk are with Dr. Hunter at his home in Cismont, VA. Dr. Hunter is in poor health, confined to his bed; is thankful for a fulfilling life; expresses a desire to be let \"out of the trap he finds himself in\"; reminisces and gives short bio of his life; cannot understand why people are delaying his death; has no interest in prolonging his existence; asks Dr. Hook to provide a morphine drip and let him peacefully slip away; discusses the topic of personal suicide, physician assisted suicide, and the legalities involved; asks Hook to \"arrange for me to be allowed to have an appropriate exit.\" Dr. Thomas Hunter died October 23, 1997.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Hook and Dr. Hunter discuss terminal illness and dying. Hunter has selected Hook to take care of medical decisions regarding his death when Hunter becomes incapable; does not want his wife to be burdened; discusses quality of life; emphasizes trust when selecting someone to make decisions regarding life support, resuscitation, withdrawing medications, etc.; felt that he was dying when he was in California; accepted it emotionally that he was dying; was not frightened by death. Hook and Hunter agree that patients with terminal illness are isolated. There should be care expanded to patients who know they do not have long to live. Today's medicine is so advanced; prolongs the biological life as long as the vital processes are going on. Lawyers and others are taking over all decisions in many cases. Jonathan Mednick, filmmaker; Margot White, producer\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterview with Dr. Hook and Hunter. Dr. Hunter is in poor health; discusses his quality of life and desire to be \"allowed to die\"; expresses feelings about Hook's refusal to assist in suicide; discusses his legacy and how he wants to be remembered after death; shares thoughts about possible suicide of father and grandfather; expresses pride in his grandson. After the interview, Hook records his own thoughts about Hunter's views on the topics of personal suicide and physician assisted suicide.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["\nThe Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers comprises 118 boxes of official correspondence, statistical reports, ledgers and appointment books, photographs, medals and certificates, student notebooks, conference booklets, reprints of scientific and administrative articles, microscope slides, cassettes, and videotapes.\n","\nThe Hunter Addition to the Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers consists of fourteen boxes of personal papers which complement the original collection.\n","These videos document a series of interviews with Dr. Thomas H. Hunter conducted by Dr. Edward W. Hook. The subject matter is biographical, with special emphasis on Dr. Hunter's experiences as Dean of the University of Virginia School of Medicine, Chancellor of Medical affairs, and Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science.","Hunter describes parents, grandparents, uncles, parents' divorce, transportation of that era, family finances, and his childhood before polio.","Hunter describes effects of polio; living with his mother in Boston while receiving treatment; remarriage of mother; spending summers in Niles, Michigan; school years; classmates that became life-long friends; participating on the rowing team; not being considered \"a cripple.\"","Hunter describes \"no books, no God\"; superstition about the number 13; polio and the possible cause; polio treatment; career choices; father, mother, grandfathers, and Aunt Jesse; summers in Niles, Michigan; schools, headmasters and classmates; importance of participating on rowing team despite being disabled in that era.","\nVideo concludes with Photographs of family, friends and Dr. Hunter at various ages. Images show: Grandfather Hunter; Florence (Patchen) Hunter, grandmother; father in office, the early years before marriage; father smoking a pipe in front of a mirror; Aunt Jesse (devoted herself to 4 generations of Hunter men, never married, and lived with Dr. Hunter until her death); Hunter's mother and him as an infant; Uncle on mother's side; Hunter as an infant; Hunter and mother at approximate age of 2 l/2 - 3 years old; Hunter in wagon, about 3 years old; Barron Lake with grandfather and Aunt Jesse; Hunter on tricycle, about 4 years old; Hunter working with grandfather on farm in Niles, Michigan, about 5-6 years old; Hunter with father at about 5; Hunter with wagon and horse, which belonged to the neighbor; Uncle LeMont, father, and Hunter, first year after polio in 1922 at Barron Lake house; Hunter on crutches at the Niles, Michigan home; Class of Belmont Hill, Boston; Mother at a much later date; Hunter 9 - 11 years old; Hunter, 21 years old, an undergraduate at Harvard, about 1934.\n","Hunter describes his years at Bellmont Hill School, Boston, as the formative days of his childhood. He is very thankful for the time, events, and people of these years at this school; thought of headmasters and friends as his family; was a Monday thru Friday boarder and home on weekends; participated in rowing, tennis, golf and the football team; won prizes in French and Latin and the School Medal; learned the value of team effort; became aware of his polio and its residual damage, but accepted it and incorporated it into his life.","Hunter describes majoring in Psychology and Philosophy; financing his education through scholarships and employment; the pros and cons of Harvard University; his experiences on the honors bracket, student council, as officer of the class, as member of the Signet Society, and playing golf; his favorite courses in the fine arts.","Hunter graduated from Harvard and traveled by sea to England; was assigned a room at the Inner Court of Trinity Hall; received the Henry Fellowship for 1 year; stayed at Cambridge for 3 years; was coxswain on the rowing team; received the Henry Fellowship his second year; continued rowing in year three and received his \"blue\" (letter) on the varsity team; studied and worked all year with no exams; completed oral examinations for a week at the end of the year.","Hunter prepared for studying medicine at Harvard. Courses of study included anatomy, biochemistry, physiology, pharmacology, pathology, and organic chemistry. Students were assigned a tutor who oversaw the college, economic, and cultural life of the student. Hunter departed from Cambridge in 1938; was \"very obtuse to the menace of Hitler and war and never got the full impact of the war\" until much later; returned to Harvard to pursue medical education fall, 1938.","Hunter started Harvard Medical School fall, 1938 and graduated 1940; satisfied basic science requirements, but had limited clinical experience; had Dr. Stead, as instructor at the Boston City Hospital; rotated between 3 different hospitals; did surgical rotation at Brigham Young; worked with Dr. Gamble in the lab (this was his first move into research and lab work); co-authored a paper with Dr. Alfred Shoal on the development and method for measuring serum protein; began internship at the Presbyterian Hospital in New York, February, 1941; married in 1943.","Hunter graduated in 1940; completed internship, 1941-1944; completed residency in 1945. Dr. William Parson, Professor Emeritus, University of Virginia and Chairman of the Department of Medicine 1949-1966 joins Dr. Hunter and Dr. Hook in part 9. Both had interned at Presbyterian Hospital in New York. Parson was one year ahead of Hunter. Hunter was a \"pup\" for 3 months which involved doing procedures, testing, and lab work from the periphery. After 3 months Hunter rotated to surgery, took care of patients, did private service, worked on female and male wards. After attack on Pearl Harbor everyone went off to war. Hunter remained in the United States; married on March 7, 1943; completed residency in 1945; attended the Army Medical School, Walter Reed Hospital, and studied tropical medicine; travelled to Cost Rica where he observed poor patient care which impacted him deeply; became instructor in medicine at the College of Physicians and Surgery at Columbia University; worked with penicillin in the early days of development and manufacture; participated in human research; wrestled with ethical decisions regarding informed consent of the patient.","Hunter quickly assumed higher position and responsibilities at Columbia; received intense clinical experience during this time; described how Dr. Parson was instrumental in bringing Dr. Hunter to U.Va. as Chairman of Internal Medicine; visited UVA in 1952 and was impressed but still did not want the job; was re-invited to U.Va. to be the Dean; as Dean, built relationships with universities, medical schools, and the NIH; through relationship with the NIH and Ken Crispell, contributed to the expansion of the basic sciences buildings; regretted resisting expansion and fund raising during his years as dean; experienced hostility when he signed a document and agreed with Medicare during the Kennedy administration; traveled to South America to work and he was ousted from the deanship while away; became Chancellor in 1964; regretted not anticipating or respecting the roles of African-Americans and women in medicine, education, and leadership; worked to keep the medical school an integral part of the university.","Hunter earned a $2500.00 salary after finishing residency in 1947; decided he could not stay at the hospital; entered private practice where first annual salary was $13,000.00; traveled to South America for 6 weeks; worked in the United Fruit Company hospital where most patients were employees with various diseases and conditions; remained an instructor at Columbia, studying, investigating, and treating patients with penicillin from Pfizer; taught many nursing students; was contacted by Washington University in 1947; moved to Washington University in St. Louis in 1947 with wife, 2 children, elderly aunt and a maid; attended on the ward with no private practice; had his own lab where he could continue his work with penicillin; was promoted to Associate Professor of Medicine and Associate Dean; uncovered the synergy between penicillin and streptomycin (this discovery occurred while treating a patient).","Hunter was invited by Dr. Parsons in 1952 for job as the Dean of Medicine; though the School of Medicine was very small and poor, but had an excellent reputation for turning out reputable graduates. Hunter found the budget situation impossible to work with; was invited back to U.Va. after all candidates had been interviewed. Colgate Darden was the current president and was persuasive in convincing Hunter to come to U.Va. Hunter was attracted by the fact that the University was an old school with great assets. He viewed U.Va. as a relatively small, manageable, high quality academic setting not requiring a big administrative machine. Hunter's agenda included gaining financial support from the State Assembly, turning out more graduates on a slightly larger scale, accepting the cream-of-the-crop applicants, and providing better jobs and training. Hunter's first years were spent working with students, teaching, and being with patients. He did not come to U.Va. with aggressive ideas for building and growth.","Hunter arrived as Dean February, 1953; was 40 years old; had to work with an impossible budget; recieved a low salary; reported to the President of the University; was moved by the degree of growth and quality of the University; saw that there was a lot to be accomplished. There was a faculty of about 50-60 people and 76 students; almost all male; almost all white; from a wide geographic distribution. Hunter worked to break down the negative attitude of potential faculty recruits who saw U.Va. as poor, small, restricted, and provincial; agitated some because he did not want to build buildings, but build people; had a small lab in McKim and a grant during his first 7-10 years; worked on the chemical mechanism of penicillin on different states of organisms and antibacterial activities in other places and its effects in water, plants, and foreign bodies. Hunter's interests declined in the lab, and he became more excited by teaching. He focused on NIH, AAMC, international affairs, and ethics. This took him outside the University and has been attributed to putting the School of Medicine on the map. Hunter also had difficulties in the early years regarding racism and his \"color blindness,\" the Rose Garden affair (Medicare), and a speech he gave to a national gathering of pharmacologists blasting McCarthy.","Hunter's strongest supporters during this period were Dr. Parsons, Doug Eastwood, and Dave Smith. Hunter felt that the Dean had to balance obligation to the university and the department; emphasized a cooperative environment at the School of Medicine where people were comfortable together; did not realize how inadequate many of the facilities were and how the financial structure needed a boost from various sources; credits Ken Crispell with the vision that moved the School forward (Crispell obtained grants to construct buildings for the basic sciences); during this time was president of AAMC, served a 6 year tour at Harvard Board of Overseers, and worked with the NIH International Committee; conceded that his outside interests took up a lot of his time from the University; spent 1962-1963 in California and Colombia; became Chancellor for Medical Affairs in 1966; served as a member of the Center for Advanced Study; was involved with the Rose Garden Affair (Medicare).","Hunter temporarily re-located because of the reaction to his support of Medicare (the Rose Garden Affair); was invited by the Rockefeller Foundation and NIH to start a new international medical school program; relocated to California. The program sought to develop American-style medical schools abroad in key areas. Hunter describes the difficulties of implementing the program in Colombia; outlines reasons for its failure. Spring, 1963, Hunter suffered a collapsed lung and underwent surgery. Complications occurred and he was sent to Presbyterian Hospital in New York. Fall, 1963, Hunter, still recovering, returned to U.Va. and stepped down to become Chancellor of Medical Affairs.","Hunter discusses the separation of the School of Public Health and the School of Medicine; discusses reasons for his stepping down as Dean of the School of Medicine; became Chancellor of Medical Affairs (title was later changed to Vice President of Health Affairs with no change in responsibilities); in 1971 named Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science; no longer required to work in the framework of the administration.","Hunter clarifies points from previous interviews and discusses future topics of conversation; gives views on retirement (retired in 1981 at the age of 68); felt that he should retire so as not to be a \"financial drain\" on the institution; realizes that his time at UVA was a period where many changes were taking place across the country and at UVA in school structures, requirements, and financial support; was a member of several prestigious societies: Center for Advanced Studies, speaker at a seminar at the Centennial Meeting Of the Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Chair of the University Wide Purpose Committee, Distinguished Service Member of AAMC, President of AAMC, UVA Senate, and a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences; was instrumental in starting several Medical Schools: Brown, Morehouse College; Tufts; was awarded the Thomas Jefferson Award and the Raven Society Award.","Dr. Hook clarifies date and content of the letter of resignation written by Hunter on March 24, 1964 to Dr. Edgar Shannon. It was understood that Dr. Ken Crispell, who had been serving in the position as Acting Dean would be appointed as Dean of the Medical School on the same day. Also on March 24, 1964 Shannon made Hunter Chancellor. Crispell wanted to tighten up the Medical School administration and Hunter wanted to \"branch out\" into various areas of the SChool of Medicine and University. Hunter wanted to explore the national and international aspects of medical education. Crispell sent Hunter a letter on April 3, 1964 outlining the concerns he had with vacant positions due to illness and positions vacated by faculty for various reasons. Hunter and Crispell worked together identifying and recruiting people for the various vacant positions in the basic sciences. Hook then investigates Hunter's views on God, love, marriage, homosexuality, HIV/AIDS, and prostitution.","Dr. Norman Thornton is interviewed with Hunter and recalls times when Hunter was Dean and Chancellor and the Rose Garden Affair. Thornton was a U.Va. undergraduate in 1926; graduated in 1936; served 4 years in the military; was associated with U.Va. as a student and faculty member for 29 years; gives gave his views and discusses Hunter's years as Dean, sojourn to California, illness, return to dean after illness, resignation and appointment as chancellor; notes that since the beginning Hunter did not want administrative responsibilities. Hunter delegated to department heads; had an open door policy and provided help whenever he could, considering the poor budget; did not interfere with the department heads. Prominent figures in Hunter's office were John Stacy, who was in charge of the hospital and Vincent Shay who was in charge of getting financial support for the institution. Vincent Archer and Hank Mulholland were responsible for all political aspects of getting money from Richmond. Ken Crispell is given credit for putting U.Va. on the map because of his promotion of the basic sciences and building expansions.","Harlen was the administrative assistant when Hunter was Dean in 1953. Harlin verifies the history of Hunter as dean, chancellor, and Professor Emeritus; discusses the pressure from alumni to fire Hunter over his support of Medicare; states that Hunter was a born leader; discusses Hunter's personnel interactions and budget management. The interview reviews the relationships of faculty, Dean, Vice President, and administrators at U.Va.; management styles; politics and economics; enormous changes of women rights and equality.","Interview with Dr. Robert M. Berne and Hunter. Berne was Chairman of the Physiology Department 1966-1988; Professor Emeritus in 1994; was recruited by Hunter to head the Physiology Department; was impressed by the new buildings, funding and grants available for renovations, and availability of new equipment and personnel. Most of Berne's contact was with Ken Crispell. They discuss overall lack of funding in light of inflation, researcher salaries, and decline in support from the state.","Dr. Hook and Dr. Leo S. Falk are with Dr. Hunter at his home in Cismont, VA. Dr. Hunter is in poor health, confined to his bed; is thankful for a fulfilling life; expresses a desire to be let \"out of the trap he finds himself in\"; reminisces and gives short bio of his life; cannot understand why people are delaying his death; has no interest in prolonging his existence; asks Dr. Hook to provide a morphine drip and let him peacefully slip away; discusses the topic of personal suicide, physician assisted suicide, and the legalities involved; asks Hook to \"arrange for me to be allowed to have an appropriate exit.\" Dr. Thomas Hunter died October 23, 1997.","Dr. Hook and Dr. Hunter discuss terminal illness and dying. Hunter has selected Hook to take care of medical decisions regarding his death when Hunter becomes incapable; does not want his wife to be burdened; discusses quality of life; emphasizes trust when selecting someone to make decisions regarding life support, resuscitation, withdrawing medications, etc.; felt that he was dying when he was in California; accepted it emotionally that he was dying; was not frightened by death. Hook and Hunter agree that patients with terminal illness are isolated. There should be care expanded to patients who know they do not have long to live. Today's medicine is so advanced; prolongs the biological life as long as the vital processes are going on. Lawyers and others are taking over all decisions in many cases. Jonathan Mednick, filmmaker; Margot White, producer","Interview with Dr. Hook and Hunter. Dr. Hunter is in poor health; discusses his quality of life and desire to be \"allowed to die\"; expresses feelings about Hook's refusal to assist in suicide; discusses his legacy and how he wants to be remembered after death; shares thoughts about possible suicide of father and grandfather; expresses pride in his grandson. After the interview, Hook records his own thoughts about Hunter's views on the topics of personal suicide and physician assisted suicide."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions"],"names_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library"],"corpname_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":4038,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:48:36.769Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521_c361"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521_c371","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"1935-MEMORABILIA","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521_c371#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521_c371","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521_c371"],"id":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521_c371","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115","_root_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521","parent_ssim":["viu_repositories_7_resources_115","viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_7_resources_115","viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers","HUNTER ADDITION"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers","HUNTER ADDITION"],"text":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers","HUNTER ADDITION","1935-MEMORABILIA","box 09","folder 16"],"title_filing_ssi":"1935-MEMORABILIA","title_ssm":["1935-MEMORABILIA"],"title_tesim":["1935-MEMORABILIA"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1935"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1935"],"normalized_title_ssm":["1935-MEMORABILIA"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":3892,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions"],"date_range_isim":[1935],"containers_ssim":["box 09","folder 16"],"_nest_path_":"/components#3520/components#370","timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:48:36.769Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115","_root_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_7_resources_115.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/100","title_ssm":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers"],"title_tesim":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1934-1995"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1934-1995"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.4","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/115"],"text":["MS.4","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/115","The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers","Hunter main collection of career papers and assorted objects: 118 boxes, 13 cm x 39.5 cm x 26.5\n\n\nHunter addition of mainly family correspondence and memorabilia and interviews with Hunter from 1993 to 1997: 15 boxes, 14 boxes are 13 cm x 39.5 cm x 26.5 cm, 1 box is 27 cm x 33 cm x 41 cm.","There are no restrictions.","\nThomas Harrison Hunter was born in Chicago on October 12, 1913. Despite a childhood bout with polio that left him on crutches from the age of seven, Hunter was a coxswain on the crew teams at both Harvard and Cambridge, where he was a Henry Fellow at Trinity Hall. He completed his medical education at Harvard Medical School.\n","\nDuring his internship and residency training at Columbia University Presbyterian Hospital in New York, Hunter began the clinical research that would lead to a dual antibiotic treatment for bacterial endocarditis, an infection of the heart's lining and valves that had previously been uniformly fatal.\n","\nHunter was Dean of the University of Virginia School of Medicine from 1953 to 1965, Chancellor for Medical Affairs from 1965 to 1970, and Vice President for Medical Affairs from 1970 to 1971. In 1970 he received the Thomas Jefferson Award, the highest honor bestowed by the University of Virginia. In 1973 he received the Raven Award for excellence in service and contribution to the University. In 1971 Hunter was named Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science, co-founding the model Program in Human Biology and Society with Joseph Fletcher. In addition he served as President of the American Association of Medical Colleges (AAMC) and Treasurer of the Pan American Federation of Associations of Medical Schools (PAFAMS), of which he was a founder.\n","\nThomas H. Hunter was deeply interested in international medicine, arguing that health and medicine provide a uniquely powerful bridge to international understanding. In his presidential address to the AAMC in 1960, Hunter called the attention of the United States medical community to its opportunities and responsibilities in other countries. Accompanied by his wife, Anne Fulcher Hunter and their five children, Hunter spent a year teaching in Cali, Colombia as a representative of the Rockefeller Foundation. He also worked and taught in Egypt, Venezuela, Tunisia, Kenya, Cameroon, Chile, and Brazil. The Thomas H. Hunter Professorship of International Medicine was established in 1989 by the University of Virginia Medical School.\n","\nThroughout his career, Thomas H. Hunter served in an advisory capacity to numerous medical schools in the United States and was a pioneer in the field of bioethics. His life was characterized by the promulgation of scientific excellence combined with human compassion. Thomas H. Hunter died on October 23, 1997 at his home in Cismont, Virginia.\n","Processed by: Historical Collections Staff","Finding Aid by M. Alison White","\nThe Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers comprises 118 boxes of official correspondence, statistical reports, ledgers and appointment books, photographs, medals and certificates, student notebooks, conference booklets, reprints of scientific and administrative articles, microscope slides, cassettes, and videotapes.\n","\nThe Hunter Addition to the Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers consists of fourteen boxes of personal papers which complement the original collection.\n","These videos document a series of interviews with Dr. Thomas H. Hunter conducted by Dr. Edward W. Hook. The subject matter is biographical, with special emphasis on Dr. Hunter's experiences as Dean of the University of Virginia School of Medicine, Chancellor of Medical affairs, and Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science.","Hunter describes parents, grandparents, uncles, parents' divorce, transportation of that era, family finances, and his childhood before polio.","Hunter describes effects of polio; living with his mother in Boston while receiving treatment; remarriage of mother; spending summers in Niles, Michigan; school years; classmates that became life-long friends; participating on the rowing team; not being considered \"a cripple.\"","Hunter describes \"no books, no God\"; superstition about the number 13; polio and the possible cause; polio treatment; career choices; father, mother, grandfathers, and Aunt Jesse; summers in Niles, Michigan; schools, headmasters and classmates; importance of participating on rowing team despite being disabled in that era.","\nVideo concludes with Photographs of family, friends and Dr. Hunter at various ages. Images show: Grandfather Hunter; Florence (Patchen) Hunter, grandmother; father in office, the early years before marriage; father smoking a pipe in front of a mirror; Aunt Jesse (devoted herself to 4 generations of Hunter men, never married, and lived with Dr. Hunter until her death); Hunter's mother and him as an infant; Uncle on mother's side; Hunter as an infant; Hunter and mother at approximate age of 2 l/2 - 3 years old; Hunter in wagon, about 3 years old; Barron Lake with grandfather and Aunt Jesse; Hunter on tricycle, about 4 years old; Hunter working with grandfather on farm in Niles, Michigan, about 5-6 years old; Hunter with father at about 5; Hunter with wagon and horse, which belonged to the neighbor; Uncle LeMont, father, and Hunter, first year after polio in 1922 at Barron Lake house; Hunter on crutches at the Niles, Michigan home; Class of Belmont Hill, Boston; Mother at a much later date; Hunter 9 - 11 years old; Hunter, 21 years old, an undergraduate at Harvard, about 1934.\n","Hunter describes his years at Bellmont Hill School, Boston, as the formative days of his childhood. He is very thankful for the time, events, and people of these years at this school; thought of headmasters and friends as his family; was a Monday thru Friday boarder and home on weekends; participated in rowing, tennis, golf and the football team; won prizes in French and Latin and the School Medal; learned the value of team effort; became aware of his polio and its residual damage, but accepted it and incorporated it into his life.","Hunter describes majoring in Psychology and Philosophy; financing his education through scholarships and employment; the pros and cons of Harvard University; his experiences on the honors bracket, student council, as officer of the class, as member of the Signet Society, and playing golf; his favorite courses in the fine arts.","Hunter graduated from Harvard and traveled by sea to England; was assigned a room at the Inner Court of Trinity Hall; received the Henry Fellowship for 1 year; stayed at Cambridge for 3 years; was coxswain on the rowing team; received the Henry Fellowship his second year; continued rowing in year three and received his \"blue\" (letter) on the varsity team; studied and worked all year with no exams; completed oral examinations for a week at the end of the year.","Hunter prepared for studying medicine at Harvard. Courses of study included anatomy, biochemistry, physiology, pharmacology, pathology, and organic chemistry. Students were assigned a tutor who oversaw the college, economic, and cultural life of the student. Hunter departed from Cambridge in 1938; was \"very obtuse to the menace of Hitler and war and never got the full impact of the war\" until much later; returned to Harvard to pursue medical education fall, 1938.","Hunter started Harvard Medical School fall, 1938 and graduated 1940; satisfied basic science requirements, but had limited clinical experience; had Dr. Stead, as instructor at the Boston City Hospital; rotated between 3 different hospitals; did surgical rotation at Brigham Young; worked with Dr. Gamble in the lab (this was his first move into research and lab work); co-authored a paper with Dr. Alfred Shoal on the development and method for measuring serum protein; began internship at the Presbyterian Hospital in New York, February, 1941; married in 1943.","Hunter graduated in 1940; completed internship, 1941-1944; completed residency in 1945. Dr. William Parson, Professor Emeritus, University of Virginia and Chairman of the Department of Medicine 1949-1966 joins Dr. Hunter and Dr. Hook in part 9. Both had interned at Presbyterian Hospital in New York. Parson was one year ahead of Hunter. Hunter was a \"pup\" for 3 months which involved doing procedures, testing, and lab work from the periphery. After 3 months Hunter rotated to surgery, took care of patients, did private service, worked on female and male wards. After attack on Pearl Harbor everyone went off to war. Hunter remained in the United States; married on March 7, 1943; completed residency in 1945; attended the Army Medical School, Walter Reed Hospital, and studied tropical medicine; travelled to Cost Rica where he observed poor patient care which impacted him deeply; became instructor in medicine at the College of Physicians and Surgery at Columbia University; worked with penicillin in the early days of development and manufacture; participated in human research; wrestled with ethical decisions regarding informed consent of the patient.","Hunter quickly assumed higher position and responsibilities at Columbia; received intense clinical experience during this time; described how Dr. Parson was instrumental in bringing Dr. Hunter to U.Va. as Chairman of Internal Medicine; visited UVA in 1952 and was impressed but still did not want the job; was re-invited to U.Va. to be the Dean; as Dean, built relationships with universities, medical schools, and the NIH; through relationship with the NIH and Ken Crispell, contributed to the expansion of the basic sciences buildings; regretted resisting expansion and fund raising during his years as dean; experienced hostility when he signed a document and agreed with Medicare during the Kennedy administration; traveled to South America to work and he was ousted from the deanship while away; became Chancellor in 1964; regretted not anticipating or respecting the roles of African-Americans and women in medicine, education, and leadership; worked to keep the medical school an integral part of the university.","Hunter earned a $2500.00 salary after finishing residency in 1947; decided he could not stay at the hospital; entered private practice where first annual salary was $13,000.00; traveled to South America for 6 weeks; worked in the United Fruit Company hospital where most patients were employees with various diseases and conditions; remained an instructor at Columbia, studying, investigating, and treating patients with penicillin from Pfizer; taught many nursing students; was contacted by Washington University in 1947; moved to Washington University in St. Louis in 1947 with wife, 2 children, elderly aunt and a maid; attended on the ward with no private practice; had his own lab where he could continue his work with penicillin; was promoted to Associate Professor of Medicine and Associate Dean; uncovered the synergy between penicillin and streptomycin (this discovery occurred while treating a patient).","Hunter was invited by Dr. Parsons in 1952 for job as the Dean of Medicine; though the School of Medicine was very small and poor, but had an excellent reputation for turning out reputable graduates. Hunter found the budget situation impossible to work with; was invited back to U.Va. after all candidates had been interviewed. Colgate Darden was the current president and was persuasive in convincing Hunter to come to U.Va. Hunter was attracted by the fact that the University was an old school with great assets. He viewed U.Va. as a relatively small, manageable, high quality academic setting not requiring a big administrative machine. Hunter's agenda included gaining financial support from the State Assembly, turning out more graduates on a slightly larger scale, accepting the cream-of-the-crop applicants, and providing better jobs and training. Hunter's first years were spent working with students, teaching, and being with patients. He did not come to U.Va. with aggressive ideas for building and growth.","Hunter arrived as Dean February, 1953; was 40 years old; had to work with an impossible budget; recieved a low salary; reported to the President of the University; was moved by the degree of growth and quality of the University; saw that there was a lot to be accomplished. There was a faculty of about 50-60 people and 76 students; almost all male; almost all white; from a wide geographic distribution. Hunter worked to break down the negative attitude of potential faculty recruits who saw U.Va. as poor, small, restricted, and provincial; agitated some because he did not want to build buildings, but build people; had a small lab in McKim and a grant during his first 7-10 years; worked on the chemical mechanism of penicillin on different states of organisms and antibacterial activities in other places and its effects in water, plants, and foreign bodies. Hunter's interests declined in the lab, and he became more excited by teaching. He focused on NIH, AAMC, international affairs, and ethics. This took him outside the University and has been attributed to putting the School of Medicine on the map. Hunter also had difficulties in the early years regarding racism and his \"color blindness,\" the Rose Garden affair (Medicare), and a speech he gave to a national gathering of pharmacologists blasting McCarthy.","Hunter's strongest supporters during this period were Dr. Parsons, Doug Eastwood, and Dave Smith. Hunter felt that the Dean had to balance obligation to the university and the department; emphasized a cooperative environment at the School of Medicine where people were comfortable together; did not realize how inadequate many of the facilities were and how the financial structure needed a boost from various sources; credits Ken Crispell with the vision that moved the School forward (Crispell obtained grants to construct buildings for the basic sciences); during this time was president of AAMC, served a 6 year tour at Harvard Board of Overseers, and worked with the NIH International Committee; conceded that his outside interests took up a lot of his time from the University; spent 1962-1963 in California and Colombia; became Chancellor for Medical Affairs in 1966; served as a member of the Center for Advanced Study; was involved with the Rose Garden Affair (Medicare).","Hunter temporarily re-located because of the reaction to his support of Medicare (the Rose Garden Affair); was invited by the Rockefeller Foundation and NIH to start a new international medical school program; relocated to California. The program sought to develop American-style medical schools abroad in key areas. Hunter describes the difficulties of implementing the program in Colombia; outlines reasons for its failure. Spring, 1963, Hunter suffered a collapsed lung and underwent surgery. Complications occurred and he was sent to Presbyterian Hospital in New York. Fall, 1963, Hunter, still recovering, returned to U.Va. and stepped down to become Chancellor of Medical Affairs.","Hunter discusses the separation of the School of Public Health and the School of Medicine; discusses reasons for his stepping down as Dean of the School of Medicine; became Chancellor of Medical Affairs (title was later changed to Vice President of Health Affairs with no change in responsibilities); in 1971 named Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science; no longer required to work in the framework of the administration.","Hunter clarifies points from previous interviews and discusses future topics of conversation; gives views on retirement (retired in 1981 at the age of 68); felt that he should retire so as not to be a \"financial drain\" on the institution; realizes that his time at UVA was a period where many changes were taking place across the country and at UVA in school structures, requirements, and financial support; was a member of several prestigious societies: Center for Advanced Studies, speaker at a seminar at the Centennial Meeting Of the Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Chair of the University Wide Purpose Committee, Distinguished Service Member of AAMC, President of AAMC, UVA Senate, and a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences; was instrumental in starting several Medical Schools: Brown, Morehouse College; Tufts; was awarded the Thomas Jefferson Award and the Raven Society Award.","Dr. Hook clarifies date and content of the letter of resignation written by Hunter on March 24, 1964 to Dr. Edgar Shannon. It was understood that Dr. Ken Crispell, who had been serving in the position as Acting Dean would be appointed as Dean of the Medical School on the same day. Also on March 24, 1964 Shannon made Hunter Chancellor. Crispell wanted to tighten up the Medical School administration and Hunter wanted to \"branch out\" into various areas of the SChool of Medicine and University. Hunter wanted to explore the national and international aspects of medical education. Crispell sent Hunter a letter on April 3, 1964 outlining the concerns he had with vacant positions due to illness and positions vacated by faculty for various reasons. Hunter and Crispell worked together identifying and recruiting people for the various vacant positions in the basic sciences. Hook then investigates Hunter's views on God, love, marriage, homosexuality, HIV/AIDS, and prostitution.","Dr. Norman Thornton is interviewed with Hunter and recalls times when Hunter was Dean and Chancellor and the Rose Garden Affair. Thornton was a U.Va. undergraduate in 1926; graduated in 1936; served 4 years in the military; was associated with U.Va. as a student and faculty member for 29 years; gives gave his views and discusses Hunter's years as Dean, sojourn to California, illness, return to dean after illness, resignation and appointment as chancellor; notes that since the beginning Hunter did not want administrative responsibilities. Hunter delegated to department heads; had an open door policy and provided help whenever he could, considering the poor budget; did not interfere with the department heads. Prominent figures in Hunter's office were John Stacy, who was in charge of the hospital and Vincent Shay who was in charge of getting financial support for the institution. Vincent Archer and Hank Mulholland were responsible for all political aspects of getting money from Richmond. Ken Crispell is given credit for putting U.Va. on the map because of his promotion of the basic sciences and building expansions.","Harlen was the administrative assistant when Hunter was Dean in 1953. Harlin verifies the history of Hunter as dean, chancellor, and Professor Emeritus; discusses the pressure from alumni to fire Hunter over his support of Medicare; states that Hunter was a born leader; discusses Hunter's personnel interactions and budget management. The interview reviews the relationships of faculty, Dean, Vice President, and administrators at U.Va.; management styles; politics and economics; enormous changes of women rights and equality.","Interview with Dr. Robert M. Berne and Hunter. Berne was Chairman of the Physiology Department 1966-1988; Professor Emeritus in 1994; was recruited by Hunter to head the Physiology Department; was impressed by the new buildings, funding and grants available for renovations, and availability of new equipment and personnel. Most of Berne's contact was with Ken Crispell. They discuss overall lack of funding in light of inflation, researcher salaries, and decline in support from the state.","Dr. Hook and Dr. Leo S. Falk are with Dr. Hunter at his home in Cismont, VA. Dr. Hunter is in poor health, confined to his bed; is thankful for a fulfilling life; expresses a desire to be let \"out of the trap he finds himself in\"; reminisces and gives short bio of his life; cannot understand why people are delaying his death; has no interest in prolonging his existence; asks Dr. Hook to provide a morphine drip and let him peacefully slip away; discusses the topic of personal suicide, physician assisted suicide, and the legalities involved; asks Hook to \"arrange for me to be allowed to have an appropriate exit.\" Dr. Thomas Hunter died October 23, 1997.","Dr. Hook and Dr. Hunter discuss terminal illness and dying. Hunter has selected Hook to take care of medical decisions regarding his death when Hunter becomes incapable; does not want his wife to be burdened; discusses quality of life; emphasizes trust when selecting someone to make decisions regarding life support, resuscitation, withdrawing medications, etc.; felt that he was dying when he was in California; accepted it emotionally that he was dying; was not frightened by death. Hook and Hunter agree that patients with terminal illness are isolated. There should be care expanded to patients who know they do not have long to live. Today's medicine is so advanced; prolongs the biological life as long as the vital processes are going on. Lawyers and others are taking over all decisions in many cases. Jonathan Mednick, filmmaker; Margot White, producer","Interview with Dr. Hook and Hunter. Dr. Hunter is in poor health; discusses his quality of life and desire to be \"allowed to die\"; expresses feelings about Hook's refusal to assist in suicide; discusses his legacy and how he wants to be remembered after death; shares thoughts about possible suicide of father and grandfather; expresses pride in his grandson. After the interview, Hook records his own thoughts about Hunter's views on the topics of personal suicide and physician assisted suicide.","There are no restrictions","Claude Moore Health Sciences Library","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.4","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/115"],"normalized_title_ssm":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers"],"collection_ssim":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Hunter main collection of career papers and assorted objects: 118 boxes, 13 cm x 39.5 cm x 26.5\n\n\nHunter addition of mainly family correspondence and memorabilia and interviews with Hunter from 1993 to 1997: 15 boxes, 14 boxes are 13 cm x 39.5 cm x 26.5 cm, 1 box is 27 cm x 33 cm x 41 cm."],"extent_ssm":["56 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["56 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nThomas Harrison Hunter was born in Chicago on October 12, 1913. Despite a childhood bout with polio that left him on crutches from the age of seven, Hunter was a coxswain on the crew teams at both Harvard and Cambridge, where he was a Henry Fellow at Trinity Hall. He completed his medical education at Harvard Medical School.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nDuring his internship and residency training at Columbia University Presbyterian Hospital in New York, Hunter began the clinical research that would lead to a dual antibiotic treatment for bacterial endocarditis, an infection of the heart's lining and valves that had previously been uniformly fatal.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nHunter was Dean of the University of Virginia School of Medicine from 1953 to 1965, Chancellor for Medical Affairs from 1965 to 1970, and Vice President for Medical Affairs from 1970 to 1971. In 1970 he received the Thomas Jefferson Award, the highest honor bestowed by the University of Virginia. In 1973 he received the Raven Award for excellence in service and contribution to the University. In 1971 Hunter was named Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science, co-founding the model Program in Human Biology and Society with Joseph Fletcher. In addition he served as President of the American Association of Medical Colleges (AAMC) and Treasurer of the Pan American Federation of Associations of Medical Schools (PAFAMS), of which he was a founder.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThomas H. Hunter was deeply interested in international medicine, arguing that health and medicine provide a uniquely powerful bridge to international understanding. In his presidential address to the AAMC in 1960, Hunter called the attention of the United States medical community to its opportunities and responsibilities in other countries. Accompanied by his wife, Anne Fulcher Hunter and their five children, Hunter spent a year teaching in Cali, Colombia as a representative of the Rockefeller Foundation. He also worked and taught in Egypt, Venezuela, Tunisia, Kenya, Cameroon, Chile, and Brazil. The Thomas H. Hunter Professorship of International Medicine was established in 1989 by the University of Virginia Medical School.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThroughout his career, Thomas H. Hunter served in an advisory capacity to numerous medical schools in the United States and was a pioneer in the field of bioethics. His life was characterized by the promulgation of scientific excellence combined with human compassion. Thomas H. Hunter died on October 23, 1997 at his home in Cismont, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["\nThomas Harrison Hunter was born in Chicago on October 12, 1913. Despite a childhood bout with polio that left him on crutches from the age of seven, Hunter was a coxswain on the crew teams at both Harvard and Cambridge, where he was a Henry Fellow at Trinity Hall. He completed his medical education at Harvard Medical School.\n","\nDuring his internship and residency training at Columbia University Presbyterian Hospital in New York, Hunter began the clinical research that would lead to a dual antibiotic treatment for bacterial endocarditis, an infection of the heart's lining and valves that had previously been uniformly fatal.\n","\nHunter was Dean of the University of Virginia School of Medicine from 1953 to 1965, Chancellor for Medical Affairs from 1965 to 1970, and Vice President for Medical Affairs from 1970 to 1971. In 1970 he received the Thomas Jefferson Award, the highest honor bestowed by the University of Virginia. In 1973 he received the Raven Award for excellence in service and contribution to the University. In 1971 Hunter was named Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science, co-founding the model Program in Human Biology and Society with Joseph Fletcher. In addition he served as President of the American Association of Medical Colleges (AAMC) and Treasurer of the Pan American Federation of Associations of Medical Schools (PAFAMS), of which he was a founder.\n","\nThomas H. Hunter was deeply interested in international medicine, arguing that health and medicine provide a uniquely powerful bridge to international understanding. In his presidential address to the AAMC in 1960, Hunter called the attention of the United States medical community to its opportunities and responsibilities in other countries. Accompanied by his wife, Anne Fulcher Hunter and their five children, Hunter spent a year teaching in Cali, Colombia as a representative of the Rockefeller Foundation. He also worked and taught in Egypt, Venezuela, Tunisia, Kenya, Cameroon, Chile, and Brazil. The Thomas H. Hunter Professorship of International Medicine was established in 1989 by the University of Virginia Medical School.\n","\nThroughout his career, Thomas H. Hunter served in an advisory capacity to numerous medical schools in the United States and was a pioneer in the field of bioethics. His life was characterized by the promulgation of scientific excellence combined with human compassion. Thomas H. Hunter died on October 23, 1997 at his home in Cismont, Virginia.\n"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eProcessed by:\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eHistorical Collections Staff\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["Processed by: Historical Collections Staff"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers, MS-4, Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, Historical Collections and Services, University of Virginia\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers, MS-4, Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, Historical Collections and Services, University of Virginia"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFinding Aid by M. Alison White\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Finding Aid by M. Alison White"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nThe Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers comprises 118 boxes of official correspondence, statistical reports, ledgers and appointment books, photographs, medals and certificates, student notebooks, conference booklets, reprints of scientific and administrative articles, microscope slides, cassettes, and videotapes.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Hunter Addition to the Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers consists of fourteen boxes of personal papers which complement the original collection.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese videos document a series of interviews with Dr. Thomas H. Hunter conducted by Dr. Edward W. Hook. The subject matter is biographical, with special emphasis on Dr. Hunter's experiences as Dean of the University of Virginia School of Medicine, Chancellor of Medical affairs, and Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter describes parents, grandparents, uncles, parents' divorce, transportation of that era, family finances, and his childhood before polio.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter describes effects of polio; living with his mother in Boston while receiving treatment; remarriage of mother; spending summers in Niles, Michigan; school years; classmates that became life-long friends; participating on the rowing team; not being considered \"a cripple.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter describes \"no books, no God\"; superstition about the number 13; polio and the possible cause; polio treatment; career choices; father, mother, grandfathers, and Aunt Jesse; summers in Niles, Michigan; schools, headmasters and classmates; importance of participating on rowing team despite being disabled in that era.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nVideo concludes with Photographs of family, friends and Dr. Hunter at various ages. Images show: Grandfather Hunter; Florence (Patchen) Hunter, grandmother; father in office, the early years before marriage; father smoking a pipe in front of a mirror; Aunt Jesse (devoted herself to 4 generations of Hunter men, never married, and lived with Dr. Hunter until her death); Hunter's mother and him as an infant; Uncle on mother's side; Hunter as an infant; Hunter and mother at approximate age of 2 l/2 - 3 years old; Hunter in wagon, about 3 years old; Barron Lake with grandfather and Aunt Jesse; Hunter on tricycle, about 4 years old; Hunter working with grandfather on farm in Niles, Michigan, about 5-6 years old; Hunter with father at about 5; Hunter with wagon and horse, which belonged to the neighbor; Uncle LeMont, father, and Hunter, first year after polio in 1922 at Barron Lake house; Hunter on crutches at the Niles, Michigan home; Class of Belmont Hill, Boston; Mother at a much later date; Hunter 9 - 11 years old; Hunter, 21 years old, an undergraduate at Harvard, about 1934.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter describes his years at Bellmont Hill School, Boston, as the formative days of his childhood. He is very thankful for the time, events, and people of these years at this school; thought of headmasters and friends as his family; was a Monday thru Friday boarder and home on weekends; participated in rowing, tennis, golf and the football team; won prizes in French and Latin and the School Medal; learned the value of team effort; became aware of his polio and its residual damage, but accepted it and incorporated it into his life.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter describes majoring in Psychology and Philosophy; financing his education through scholarships and employment; the pros and cons of Harvard University; his experiences on the honors bracket, student council, as officer of the class, as member of the Signet Society, and playing golf; his favorite courses in the fine arts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter graduated from Harvard and traveled by sea to England; was assigned a room at the Inner Court of Trinity Hall; received the Henry Fellowship for 1 year; stayed at Cambridge for 3 years; was coxswain on the rowing team; received the Henry Fellowship his second year; continued rowing in year three and received his \"blue\" (letter) on the varsity team; studied and worked all year with no exams; completed oral examinations for a week at the end of the year.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter prepared for studying medicine at Harvard. Courses of study included anatomy, biochemistry, physiology, pharmacology, pathology, and organic chemistry. Students were assigned a tutor who oversaw the college, economic, and cultural life of the student. Hunter departed from Cambridge in 1938; was \"very obtuse to the menace of Hitler and war and never got the full impact of the war\" until much later; returned to Harvard to pursue medical education fall, 1938.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter started Harvard Medical School fall, 1938 and graduated 1940; satisfied basic science requirements, but had limited clinical experience; had Dr. Stead, as instructor at the Boston City Hospital; rotated between 3 different hospitals; did surgical rotation at Brigham Young; worked with Dr. Gamble in the lab (this was his first move into research and lab work); co-authored a paper with Dr. Alfred Shoal on the development and method for measuring serum protein; began internship at the Presbyterian Hospital in New York, February, 1941; married in 1943.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter graduated in 1940; completed internship, 1941-1944; completed residency in 1945. Dr. William Parson, Professor Emeritus, University of Virginia and Chairman of the Department of Medicine 1949-1966 joins Dr. Hunter and Dr. Hook in part 9. Both had interned at Presbyterian Hospital in New York. Parson was one year ahead of Hunter. Hunter was a \"pup\" for 3 months which involved doing procedures, testing, and lab work from the periphery. After 3 months Hunter rotated to surgery, took care of patients, did private service, worked on female and male wards. After attack on Pearl Harbor everyone went off to war. Hunter remained in the United States; married on March 7, 1943; completed residency in 1945; attended the Army Medical School, Walter Reed Hospital, and studied tropical medicine; travelled to Cost Rica where he observed poor patient care which impacted him deeply; became instructor in medicine at the College of Physicians and Surgery at Columbia University; worked with penicillin in the early days of development and manufacture; participated in human research; wrestled with ethical decisions regarding informed consent of the patient.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter quickly assumed higher position and responsibilities at Columbia; received intense clinical experience during this time; described how Dr. Parson was instrumental in bringing Dr. Hunter to U.Va. as Chairman of Internal Medicine; visited UVA in 1952 and was impressed but still did not want the job; was re-invited to U.Va. to be the Dean; as Dean, built relationships with universities, medical schools, and the NIH; through relationship with the NIH and Ken Crispell, contributed to the expansion of the basic sciences buildings; regretted resisting expansion and fund raising during his years as dean; experienced hostility when he signed a document and agreed with Medicare during the Kennedy administration; traveled to South America to work and he was ousted from the deanship while away; became Chancellor in 1964; regretted not anticipating or respecting the roles of African-Americans and women in medicine, education, and leadership; worked to keep the medical school an integral part of the university.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter earned a $2500.00 salary after finishing residency in 1947; decided he could not stay at the hospital; entered private practice where first annual salary was $13,000.00; traveled to South America for 6 weeks; worked in the United Fruit Company hospital where most patients were employees with various diseases and conditions; remained an instructor at Columbia, studying, investigating, and treating patients with penicillin from Pfizer; taught many nursing students; was contacted by Washington University in 1947; moved to Washington University in St. Louis in 1947 with wife, 2 children, elderly aunt and a maid; attended on the ward with no private practice; had his own lab where he could continue his work with penicillin; was promoted to Associate Professor of Medicine and Associate Dean; uncovered the synergy between penicillin and streptomycin (this discovery occurred while treating a patient).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter was invited by Dr. Parsons in 1952 for job as the Dean of Medicine; though the School of Medicine was very small and poor, but had an excellent reputation for turning out reputable graduates. Hunter found the budget situation impossible to work with; was invited back to U.Va. after all candidates had been interviewed. Colgate Darden was the current president and was persuasive in convincing Hunter to come to U.Va. Hunter was attracted by the fact that the University was an old school with great assets. He viewed U.Va. as a relatively small, manageable, high quality academic setting not requiring a big administrative machine. Hunter's agenda included gaining financial support from the State Assembly, turning out more graduates on a slightly larger scale, accepting the cream-of-the-crop applicants, and providing better jobs and training. Hunter's first years were spent working with students, teaching, and being with patients. He did not come to U.Va. with aggressive ideas for building and growth.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter arrived as Dean February, 1953; was 40 years old; had to work with an impossible budget; recieved a low salary; reported to the President of the University; was moved by the degree of growth and quality of the University; saw that there was a lot to be accomplished. There was a faculty of about 50-60 people and 76 students; almost all male; almost all white; from a wide geographic distribution. Hunter worked to break down the negative attitude of potential faculty recruits who saw U.Va. as poor, small, restricted, and provincial; agitated some because he did not want to build buildings, but build people; had a small lab in McKim and a grant during his first 7-10 years; worked on the chemical mechanism of penicillin on different states of organisms and antibacterial activities in other places and its effects in water, plants, and foreign bodies. Hunter's interests declined in the lab, and he became more excited by teaching. He focused on NIH, AAMC, international affairs, and ethics. This took him outside the University and has been attributed to putting the School of Medicine on the map. Hunter also had difficulties in the early years regarding racism and his \"color blindness,\" the Rose Garden affair (Medicare), and a speech he gave to a national gathering of pharmacologists blasting McCarthy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter's strongest supporters during this period were Dr. Parsons, Doug Eastwood, and Dave Smith. Hunter felt that the Dean had to balance obligation to the university and the department; emphasized a cooperative environment at the School of Medicine where people were comfortable together; did not realize how inadequate many of the facilities were and how the financial structure needed a boost from various sources; credits Ken Crispell with the vision that moved the School forward (Crispell obtained grants to construct buildings for the basic sciences); during this time was president of AAMC, served a 6 year tour at Harvard Board of Overseers, and worked with the NIH International Committee; conceded that his outside interests took up a lot of his time from the University; spent 1962-1963 in California and Colombia; became Chancellor for Medical Affairs in 1966; served as a member of the Center for Advanced Study; was involved with the Rose Garden Affair (Medicare).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter temporarily re-located because of the reaction to his support of Medicare (the Rose Garden Affair); was invited by the Rockefeller Foundation and NIH to start a new international medical school program; relocated to California. The program sought to develop American-style medical schools abroad in key areas. Hunter describes the difficulties of implementing the program in Colombia; outlines reasons for its failure. Spring, 1963, Hunter suffered a collapsed lung and underwent surgery. Complications occurred and he was sent to Presbyterian Hospital in New York. Fall, 1963, Hunter, still recovering, returned to U.Va. and stepped down to become Chancellor of Medical Affairs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter discusses the separation of the School of Public Health and the School of Medicine; discusses reasons for his stepping down as Dean of the School of Medicine; became Chancellor of Medical Affairs (title was later changed to Vice President of Health Affairs with no change in responsibilities); in 1971 named Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science; no longer required to work in the framework of the administration.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter clarifies points from previous interviews and discusses future topics of conversation; gives views on retirement (retired in 1981 at the age of 68); felt that he should retire so as not to be a \"financial drain\" on the institution; realizes that his time at UVA was a period where many changes were taking place across the country and at UVA in school structures, requirements, and financial support; was a member of several prestigious societies: Center for Advanced Studies, speaker at a seminar at the Centennial Meeting Of the Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Chair of the University Wide Purpose Committee, Distinguished Service Member of AAMC, President of AAMC, UVA Senate, and a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences; was instrumental in starting several Medical Schools: Brown, Morehouse College; Tufts; was awarded the Thomas Jefferson Award and the Raven Society Award.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Hook clarifies date and content of the letter of resignation written by Hunter on March 24, 1964 to Dr. Edgar Shannon. It was understood that Dr. Ken Crispell, who had been serving in the position as Acting Dean would be appointed as Dean of the Medical School on the same day. Also on March 24, 1964 Shannon made Hunter Chancellor. Crispell wanted to tighten up the Medical School administration and Hunter wanted to \"branch out\" into various areas of the SChool of Medicine and University. Hunter wanted to explore the national and international aspects of medical education. Crispell sent Hunter a letter on April 3, 1964 outlining the concerns he had with vacant positions due to illness and positions vacated by faculty for various reasons. Hunter and Crispell worked together identifying and recruiting people for the various vacant positions in the basic sciences. Hook then investigates Hunter's views on God, love, marriage, homosexuality, HIV/AIDS, and prostitution.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Norman Thornton is interviewed with Hunter and recalls times when Hunter was Dean and Chancellor and the Rose Garden Affair. Thornton was a U.Va. undergraduate in 1926; graduated in 1936; served 4 years in the military; was associated with U.Va. as a student and faculty member for 29 years; gives gave his views and discusses Hunter's years as Dean, sojourn to California, illness, return to dean after illness, resignation and appointment as chancellor; notes that since the beginning Hunter did not want administrative responsibilities. Hunter delegated to department heads; had an open door policy and provided help whenever he could, considering the poor budget; did not interfere with the department heads. Prominent figures in Hunter's office were John Stacy, who was in charge of the hospital and Vincent Shay who was in charge of getting financial support for the institution. Vincent Archer and Hank Mulholland were responsible for all political aspects of getting money from Richmond. Ken Crispell is given credit for putting U.Va. on the map because of his promotion of the basic sciences and building expansions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarlen was the administrative assistant when Hunter was Dean in 1953. Harlin verifies the history of Hunter as dean, chancellor, and Professor Emeritus; discusses the pressure from alumni to fire Hunter over his support of Medicare; states that Hunter was a born leader; discusses Hunter's personnel interactions and budget management. The interview reviews the relationships of faculty, Dean, Vice President, and administrators at U.Va.; management styles; politics and economics; enormous changes of women rights and equality.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterview with Dr. Robert M. Berne and Hunter. Berne was Chairman of the Physiology Department 1966-1988; Professor Emeritus in 1994; was recruited by Hunter to head the Physiology Department; was impressed by the new buildings, funding and grants available for renovations, and availability of new equipment and personnel. Most of Berne's contact was with Ken Crispell. They discuss overall lack of funding in light of inflation, researcher salaries, and decline in support from the state.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Hook and Dr. Leo S. Falk are with Dr. Hunter at his home in Cismont, VA. Dr. Hunter is in poor health, confined to his bed; is thankful for a fulfilling life; expresses a desire to be let \"out of the trap he finds himself in\"; reminisces and gives short bio of his life; cannot understand why people are delaying his death; has no interest in prolonging his existence; asks Dr. Hook to provide a morphine drip and let him peacefully slip away; discusses the topic of personal suicide, physician assisted suicide, and the legalities involved; asks Hook to \"arrange for me to be allowed to have an appropriate exit.\" Dr. Thomas Hunter died October 23, 1997.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Hook and Dr. Hunter discuss terminal illness and dying. Hunter has selected Hook to take care of medical decisions regarding his death when Hunter becomes incapable; does not want his wife to be burdened; discusses quality of life; emphasizes trust when selecting someone to make decisions regarding life support, resuscitation, withdrawing medications, etc.; felt that he was dying when he was in California; accepted it emotionally that he was dying; was not frightened by death. Hook and Hunter agree that patients with terminal illness are isolated. There should be care expanded to patients who know they do not have long to live. Today's medicine is so advanced; prolongs the biological life as long as the vital processes are going on. Lawyers and others are taking over all decisions in many cases. Jonathan Mednick, filmmaker; Margot White, producer\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterview with Dr. Hook and Hunter. Dr. Hunter is in poor health; discusses his quality of life and desire to be \"allowed to die\"; expresses feelings about Hook's refusal to assist in suicide; discusses his legacy and how he wants to be remembered after death; shares thoughts about possible suicide of father and grandfather; expresses pride in his grandson. After the interview, Hook records his own thoughts about Hunter's views on the topics of personal suicide and physician assisted suicide.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["\nThe Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers comprises 118 boxes of official correspondence, statistical reports, ledgers and appointment books, photographs, medals and certificates, student notebooks, conference booklets, reprints of scientific and administrative articles, microscope slides, cassettes, and videotapes.\n","\nThe Hunter Addition to the Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers consists of fourteen boxes of personal papers which complement the original collection.\n","These videos document a series of interviews with Dr. Thomas H. Hunter conducted by Dr. Edward W. Hook. The subject matter is biographical, with special emphasis on Dr. Hunter's experiences as Dean of the University of Virginia School of Medicine, Chancellor of Medical affairs, and Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science.","Hunter describes parents, grandparents, uncles, parents' divorce, transportation of that era, family finances, and his childhood before polio.","Hunter describes effects of polio; living with his mother in Boston while receiving treatment; remarriage of mother; spending summers in Niles, Michigan; school years; classmates that became life-long friends; participating on the rowing team; not being considered \"a cripple.\"","Hunter describes \"no books, no God\"; superstition about the number 13; polio and the possible cause; polio treatment; career choices; father, mother, grandfathers, and Aunt Jesse; summers in Niles, Michigan; schools, headmasters and classmates; importance of participating on rowing team despite being disabled in that era.","\nVideo concludes with Photographs of family, friends and Dr. Hunter at various ages. Images show: Grandfather Hunter; Florence (Patchen) Hunter, grandmother; father in office, the early years before marriage; father smoking a pipe in front of a mirror; Aunt Jesse (devoted herself to 4 generations of Hunter men, never married, and lived with Dr. Hunter until her death); Hunter's mother and him as an infant; Uncle on mother's side; Hunter as an infant; Hunter and mother at approximate age of 2 l/2 - 3 years old; Hunter in wagon, about 3 years old; Barron Lake with grandfather and Aunt Jesse; Hunter on tricycle, about 4 years old; Hunter working with grandfather on farm in Niles, Michigan, about 5-6 years old; Hunter with father at about 5; Hunter with wagon and horse, which belonged to the neighbor; Uncle LeMont, father, and Hunter, first year after polio in 1922 at Barron Lake house; Hunter on crutches at the Niles, Michigan home; Class of Belmont Hill, Boston; Mother at a much later date; Hunter 9 - 11 years old; Hunter, 21 years old, an undergraduate at Harvard, about 1934.\n","Hunter describes his years at Bellmont Hill School, Boston, as the formative days of his childhood. He is very thankful for the time, events, and people of these years at this school; thought of headmasters and friends as his family; was a Monday thru Friday boarder and home on weekends; participated in rowing, tennis, golf and the football team; won prizes in French and Latin and the School Medal; learned the value of team effort; became aware of his polio and its residual damage, but accepted it and incorporated it into his life.","Hunter describes majoring in Psychology and Philosophy; financing his education through scholarships and employment; the pros and cons of Harvard University; his experiences on the honors bracket, student council, as officer of the class, as member of the Signet Society, and playing golf; his favorite courses in the fine arts.","Hunter graduated from Harvard and traveled by sea to England; was assigned a room at the Inner Court of Trinity Hall; received the Henry Fellowship for 1 year; stayed at Cambridge for 3 years; was coxswain on the rowing team; received the Henry Fellowship his second year; continued rowing in year three and received his \"blue\" (letter) on the varsity team; studied and worked all year with no exams; completed oral examinations for a week at the end of the year.","Hunter prepared for studying medicine at Harvard. Courses of study included anatomy, biochemistry, physiology, pharmacology, pathology, and organic chemistry. Students were assigned a tutor who oversaw the college, economic, and cultural life of the student. Hunter departed from Cambridge in 1938; was \"very obtuse to the menace of Hitler and war and never got the full impact of the war\" until much later; returned to Harvard to pursue medical education fall, 1938.","Hunter started Harvard Medical School fall, 1938 and graduated 1940; satisfied basic science requirements, but had limited clinical experience; had Dr. Stead, as instructor at the Boston City Hospital; rotated between 3 different hospitals; did surgical rotation at Brigham Young; worked with Dr. Gamble in the lab (this was his first move into research and lab work); co-authored a paper with Dr. Alfred Shoal on the development and method for measuring serum protein; began internship at the Presbyterian Hospital in New York, February, 1941; married in 1943.","Hunter graduated in 1940; completed internship, 1941-1944; completed residency in 1945. Dr. William Parson, Professor Emeritus, University of Virginia and Chairman of the Department of Medicine 1949-1966 joins Dr. Hunter and Dr. Hook in part 9. Both had interned at Presbyterian Hospital in New York. Parson was one year ahead of Hunter. Hunter was a \"pup\" for 3 months which involved doing procedures, testing, and lab work from the periphery. After 3 months Hunter rotated to surgery, took care of patients, did private service, worked on female and male wards. After attack on Pearl Harbor everyone went off to war. Hunter remained in the United States; married on March 7, 1943; completed residency in 1945; attended the Army Medical School, Walter Reed Hospital, and studied tropical medicine; travelled to Cost Rica where he observed poor patient care which impacted him deeply; became instructor in medicine at the College of Physicians and Surgery at Columbia University; worked with penicillin in the early days of development and manufacture; participated in human research; wrestled with ethical decisions regarding informed consent of the patient.","Hunter quickly assumed higher position and responsibilities at Columbia; received intense clinical experience during this time; described how Dr. Parson was instrumental in bringing Dr. Hunter to U.Va. as Chairman of Internal Medicine; visited UVA in 1952 and was impressed but still did not want the job; was re-invited to U.Va. to be the Dean; as Dean, built relationships with universities, medical schools, and the NIH; through relationship with the NIH and Ken Crispell, contributed to the expansion of the basic sciences buildings; regretted resisting expansion and fund raising during his years as dean; experienced hostility when he signed a document and agreed with Medicare during the Kennedy administration; traveled to South America to work and he was ousted from the deanship while away; became Chancellor in 1964; regretted not anticipating or respecting the roles of African-Americans and women in medicine, education, and leadership; worked to keep the medical school an integral part of the university.","Hunter earned a $2500.00 salary after finishing residency in 1947; decided he could not stay at the hospital; entered private practice where first annual salary was $13,000.00; traveled to South America for 6 weeks; worked in the United Fruit Company hospital where most patients were employees with various diseases and conditions; remained an instructor at Columbia, studying, investigating, and treating patients with penicillin from Pfizer; taught many nursing students; was contacted by Washington University in 1947; moved to Washington University in St. Louis in 1947 with wife, 2 children, elderly aunt and a maid; attended on the ward with no private practice; had his own lab where he could continue his work with penicillin; was promoted to Associate Professor of Medicine and Associate Dean; uncovered the synergy between penicillin and streptomycin (this discovery occurred while treating a patient).","Hunter was invited by Dr. Parsons in 1952 for job as the Dean of Medicine; though the School of Medicine was very small and poor, but had an excellent reputation for turning out reputable graduates. Hunter found the budget situation impossible to work with; was invited back to U.Va. after all candidates had been interviewed. Colgate Darden was the current president and was persuasive in convincing Hunter to come to U.Va. Hunter was attracted by the fact that the University was an old school with great assets. He viewed U.Va. as a relatively small, manageable, high quality academic setting not requiring a big administrative machine. Hunter's agenda included gaining financial support from the State Assembly, turning out more graduates on a slightly larger scale, accepting the cream-of-the-crop applicants, and providing better jobs and training. Hunter's first years were spent working with students, teaching, and being with patients. He did not come to U.Va. with aggressive ideas for building and growth.","Hunter arrived as Dean February, 1953; was 40 years old; had to work with an impossible budget; recieved a low salary; reported to the President of the University; was moved by the degree of growth and quality of the University; saw that there was a lot to be accomplished. There was a faculty of about 50-60 people and 76 students; almost all male; almost all white; from a wide geographic distribution. Hunter worked to break down the negative attitude of potential faculty recruits who saw U.Va. as poor, small, restricted, and provincial; agitated some because he did not want to build buildings, but build people; had a small lab in McKim and a grant during his first 7-10 years; worked on the chemical mechanism of penicillin on different states of organisms and antibacterial activities in other places and its effects in water, plants, and foreign bodies. Hunter's interests declined in the lab, and he became more excited by teaching. He focused on NIH, AAMC, international affairs, and ethics. This took him outside the University and has been attributed to putting the School of Medicine on the map. Hunter also had difficulties in the early years regarding racism and his \"color blindness,\" the Rose Garden affair (Medicare), and a speech he gave to a national gathering of pharmacologists blasting McCarthy.","Hunter's strongest supporters during this period were Dr. Parsons, Doug Eastwood, and Dave Smith. Hunter felt that the Dean had to balance obligation to the university and the department; emphasized a cooperative environment at the School of Medicine where people were comfortable together; did not realize how inadequate many of the facilities were and how the financial structure needed a boost from various sources; credits Ken Crispell with the vision that moved the School forward (Crispell obtained grants to construct buildings for the basic sciences); during this time was president of AAMC, served a 6 year tour at Harvard Board of Overseers, and worked with the NIH International Committee; conceded that his outside interests took up a lot of his time from the University; spent 1962-1963 in California and Colombia; became Chancellor for Medical Affairs in 1966; served as a member of the Center for Advanced Study; was involved with the Rose Garden Affair (Medicare).","Hunter temporarily re-located because of the reaction to his support of Medicare (the Rose Garden Affair); was invited by the Rockefeller Foundation and NIH to start a new international medical school program; relocated to California. The program sought to develop American-style medical schools abroad in key areas. Hunter describes the difficulties of implementing the program in Colombia; outlines reasons for its failure. Spring, 1963, Hunter suffered a collapsed lung and underwent surgery. Complications occurred and he was sent to Presbyterian Hospital in New York. Fall, 1963, Hunter, still recovering, returned to U.Va. and stepped down to become Chancellor of Medical Affairs.","Hunter discusses the separation of the School of Public Health and the School of Medicine; discusses reasons for his stepping down as Dean of the School of Medicine; became Chancellor of Medical Affairs (title was later changed to Vice President of Health Affairs with no change in responsibilities); in 1971 named Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science; no longer required to work in the framework of the administration.","Hunter clarifies points from previous interviews and discusses future topics of conversation; gives views on retirement (retired in 1981 at the age of 68); felt that he should retire so as not to be a \"financial drain\" on the institution; realizes that his time at UVA was a period where many changes were taking place across the country and at UVA in school structures, requirements, and financial support; was a member of several prestigious societies: Center for Advanced Studies, speaker at a seminar at the Centennial Meeting Of the Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Chair of the University Wide Purpose Committee, Distinguished Service Member of AAMC, President of AAMC, UVA Senate, and a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences; was instrumental in starting several Medical Schools: Brown, Morehouse College; Tufts; was awarded the Thomas Jefferson Award and the Raven Society Award.","Dr. Hook clarifies date and content of the letter of resignation written by Hunter on March 24, 1964 to Dr. Edgar Shannon. It was understood that Dr. Ken Crispell, who had been serving in the position as Acting Dean would be appointed as Dean of the Medical School on the same day. Also on March 24, 1964 Shannon made Hunter Chancellor. Crispell wanted to tighten up the Medical School administration and Hunter wanted to \"branch out\" into various areas of the SChool of Medicine and University. Hunter wanted to explore the national and international aspects of medical education. Crispell sent Hunter a letter on April 3, 1964 outlining the concerns he had with vacant positions due to illness and positions vacated by faculty for various reasons. Hunter and Crispell worked together identifying and recruiting people for the various vacant positions in the basic sciences. Hook then investigates Hunter's views on God, love, marriage, homosexuality, HIV/AIDS, and prostitution.","Dr. Norman Thornton is interviewed with Hunter and recalls times when Hunter was Dean and Chancellor and the Rose Garden Affair. Thornton was a U.Va. undergraduate in 1926; graduated in 1936; served 4 years in the military; was associated with U.Va. as a student and faculty member for 29 years; gives gave his views and discusses Hunter's years as Dean, sojourn to California, illness, return to dean after illness, resignation and appointment as chancellor; notes that since the beginning Hunter did not want administrative responsibilities. Hunter delegated to department heads; had an open door policy and provided help whenever he could, considering the poor budget; did not interfere with the department heads. Prominent figures in Hunter's office were John Stacy, who was in charge of the hospital and Vincent Shay who was in charge of getting financial support for the institution. Vincent Archer and Hank Mulholland were responsible for all political aspects of getting money from Richmond. Ken Crispell is given credit for putting U.Va. on the map because of his promotion of the basic sciences and building expansions.","Harlen was the administrative assistant when Hunter was Dean in 1953. Harlin verifies the history of Hunter as dean, chancellor, and Professor Emeritus; discusses the pressure from alumni to fire Hunter over his support of Medicare; states that Hunter was a born leader; discusses Hunter's personnel interactions and budget management. The interview reviews the relationships of faculty, Dean, Vice President, and administrators at U.Va.; management styles; politics and economics; enormous changes of women rights and equality.","Interview with Dr. Robert M. Berne and Hunter. Berne was Chairman of the Physiology Department 1966-1988; Professor Emeritus in 1994; was recruited by Hunter to head the Physiology Department; was impressed by the new buildings, funding and grants available for renovations, and availability of new equipment and personnel. Most of Berne's contact was with Ken Crispell. They discuss overall lack of funding in light of inflation, researcher salaries, and decline in support from the state.","Dr. Hook and Dr. Leo S. Falk are with Dr. Hunter at his home in Cismont, VA. Dr. Hunter is in poor health, confined to his bed; is thankful for a fulfilling life; expresses a desire to be let \"out of the trap he finds himself in\"; reminisces and gives short bio of his life; cannot understand why people are delaying his death; has no interest in prolonging his existence; asks Dr. Hook to provide a morphine drip and let him peacefully slip away; discusses the topic of personal suicide, physician assisted suicide, and the legalities involved; asks Hook to \"arrange for me to be allowed to have an appropriate exit.\" Dr. Thomas Hunter died October 23, 1997.","Dr. Hook and Dr. Hunter discuss terminal illness and dying. Hunter has selected Hook to take care of medical decisions regarding his death when Hunter becomes incapable; does not want his wife to be burdened; discusses quality of life; emphasizes trust when selecting someone to make decisions regarding life support, resuscitation, withdrawing medications, etc.; felt that he was dying when he was in California; accepted it emotionally that he was dying; was not frightened by death. Hook and Hunter agree that patients with terminal illness are isolated. There should be care expanded to patients who know they do not have long to live. Today's medicine is so advanced; prolongs the biological life as long as the vital processes are going on. Lawyers and others are taking over all decisions in many cases. Jonathan Mednick, filmmaker; Margot White, producer","Interview with Dr. Hook and Hunter. Dr. Hunter is in poor health; discusses his quality of life and desire to be \"allowed to die\"; expresses feelings about Hook's refusal to assist in suicide; discusses his legacy and how he wants to be remembered after death; shares thoughts about possible suicide of father and grandfather; expresses pride in his grandson. After the interview, Hook records his own thoughts about Hunter's views on the topics of personal suicide and physician assisted suicide."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions"],"names_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library"],"corpname_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":4038,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:48:36.769Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521_c371"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521_c372","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"1936-1938-MEMORABILIA","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521_c372#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521_c372","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521_c372"],"id":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521_c372","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115","_root_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521","parent_ssim":["viu_repositories_7_resources_115","viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_7_resources_115","viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers","HUNTER ADDITION"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers","HUNTER ADDITION"],"text":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers","HUNTER ADDITION","1936-1938-MEMORABILIA","box 09","folder 17"],"title_filing_ssi":"1936-1938-MEMORABILIA","title_ssm":["1936-1938-MEMORABILIA"],"title_tesim":["1936-1938-MEMORABILIA"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1936-1938"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1936/1938"],"normalized_title_ssm":["1936-1938-MEMORABILIA"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":3893,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions"],"date_range_isim":[1936,1937,1938],"containers_ssim":["box 09","folder 17"],"_nest_path_":"/components#3520/components#371","timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:48:36.769Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115","_root_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_7_resources_115.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/100","title_ssm":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers"],"title_tesim":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1934-1995"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1934-1995"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.4","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/115"],"text":["MS.4","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/115","The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers","Hunter main collection of career papers and assorted objects: 118 boxes, 13 cm x 39.5 cm x 26.5\n\n\nHunter addition of mainly family correspondence and memorabilia and interviews with Hunter from 1993 to 1997: 15 boxes, 14 boxes are 13 cm x 39.5 cm x 26.5 cm, 1 box is 27 cm x 33 cm x 41 cm.","There are no restrictions.","\nThomas Harrison Hunter was born in Chicago on October 12, 1913. Despite a childhood bout with polio that left him on crutches from the age of seven, Hunter was a coxswain on the crew teams at both Harvard and Cambridge, where he was a Henry Fellow at Trinity Hall. He completed his medical education at Harvard Medical School.\n","\nDuring his internship and residency training at Columbia University Presbyterian Hospital in New York, Hunter began the clinical research that would lead to a dual antibiotic treatment for bacterial endocarditis, an infection of the heart's lining and valves that had previously been uniformly fatal.\n","\nHunter was Dean of the University of Virginia School of Medicine from 1953 to 1965, Chancellor for Medical Affairs from 1965 to 1970, and Vice President for Medical Affairs from 1970 to 1971. In 1970 he received the Thomas Jefferson Award, the highest honor bestowed by the University of Virginia. In 1973 he received the Raven Award for excellence in service and contribution to the University. In 1971 Hunter was named Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science, co-founding the model Program in Human Biology and Society with Joseph Fletcher. In addition he served as President of the American Association of Medical Colleges (AAMC) and Treasurer of the Pan American Federation of Associations of Medical Schools (PAFAMS), of which he was a founder.\n","\nThomas H. Hunter was deeply interested in international medicine, arguing that health and medicine provide a uniquely powerful bridge to international understanding. In his presidential address to the AAMC in 1960, Hunter called the attention of the United States medical community to its opportunities and responsibilities in other countries. Accompanied by his wife, Anne Fulcher Hunter and their five children, Hunter spent a year teaching in Cali, Colombia as a representative of the Rockefeller Foundation. He also worked and taught in Egypt, Venezuela, Tunisia, Kenya, Cameroon, Chile, and Brazil. The Thomas H. Hunter Professorship of International Medicine was established in 1989 by the University of Virginia Medical School.\n","\nThroughout his career, Thomas H. Hunter served in an advisory capacity to numerous medical schools in the United States and was a pioneer in the field of bioethics. His life was characterized by the promulgation of scientific excellence combined with human compassion. Thomas H. Hunter died on October 23, 1997 at his home in Cismont, Virginia.\n","Processed by: Historical Collections Staff","Finding Aid by M. Alison White","\nThe Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers comprises 118 boxes of official correspondence, statistical reports, ledgers and appointment books, photographs, medals and certificates, student notebooks, conference booklets, reprints of scientific and administrative articles, microscope slides, cassettes, and videotapes.\n","\nThe Hunter Addition to the Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers consists of fourteen boxes of personal papers which complement the original collection.\n","These videos document a series of interviews with Dr. Thomas H. Hunter conducted by Dr. Edward W. Hook. The subject matter is biographical, with special emphasis on Dr. Hunter's experiences as Dean of the University of Virginia School of Medicine, Chancellor of Medical affairs, and Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science.","Hunter describes parents, grandparents, uncles, parents' divorce, transportation of that era, family finances, and his childhood before polio.","Hunter describes effects of polio; living with his mother in Boston while receiving treatment; remarriage of mother; spending summers in Niles, Michigan; school years; classmates that became life-long friends; participating on the rowing team; not being considered \"a cripple.\"","Hunter describes \"no books, no God\"; superstition about the number 13; polio and the possible cause; polio treatment; career choices; father, mother, grandfathers, and Aunt Jesse; summers in Niles, Michigan; schools, headmasters and classmates; importance of participating on rowing team despite being disabled in that era.","\nVideo concludes with Photographs of family, friends and Dr. Hunter at various ages. Images show: Grandfather Hunter; Florence (Patchen) Hunter, grandmother; father in office, the early years before marriage; father smoking a pipe in front of a mirror; Aunt Jesse (devoted herself to 4 generations of Hunter men, never married, and lived with Dr. Hunter until her death); Hunter's mother and him as an infant; Uncle on mother's side; Hunter as an infant; Hunter and mother at approximate age of 2 l/2 - 3 years old; Hunter in wagon, about 3 years old; Barron Lake with grandfather and Aunt Jesse; Hunter on tricycle, about 4 years old; Hunter working with grandfather on farm in Niles, Michigan, about 5-6 years old; Hunter with father at about 5; Hunter with wagon and horse, which belonged to the neighbor; Uncle LeMont, father, and Hunter, first year after polio in 1922 at Barron Lake house; Hunter on crutches at the Niles, Michigan home; Class of Belmont Hill, Boston; Mother at a much later date; Hunter 9 - 11 years old; Hunter, 21 years old, an undergraduate at Harvard, about 1934.\n","Hunter describes his years at Bellmont Hill School, Boston, as the formative days of his childhood. He is very thankful for the time, events, and people of these years at this school; thought of headmasters and friends as his family; was a Monday thru Friday boarder and home on weekends; participated in rowing, tennis, golf and the football team; won prizes in French and Latin and the School Medal; learned the value of team effort; became aware of his polio and its residual damage, but accepted it and incorporated it into his life.","Hunter describes majoring in Psychology and Philosophy; financing his education through scholarships and employment; the pros and cons of Harvard University; his experiences on the honors bracket, student council, as officer of the class, as member of the Signet Society, and playing golf; his favorite courses in the fine arts.","Hunter graduated from Harvard and traveled by sea to England; was assigned a room at the Inner Court of Trinity Hall; received the Henry Fellowship for 1 year; stayed at Cambridge for 3 years; was coxswain on the rowing team; received the Henry Fellowship his second year; continued rowing in year three and received his \"blue\" (letter) on the varsity team; studied and worked all year with no exams; completed oral examinations for a week at the end of the year.","Hunter prepared for studying medicine at Harvard. Courses of study included anatomy, biochemistry, physiology, pharmacology, pathology, and organic chemistry. Students were assigned a tutor who oversaw the college, economic, and cultural life of the student. Hunter departed from Cambridge in 1938; was \"very obtuse to the menace of Hitler and war and never got the full impact of the war\" until much later; returned to Harvard to pursue medical education fall, 1938.","Hunter started Harvard Medical School fall, 1938 and graduated 1940; satisfied basic science requirements, but had limited clinical experience; had Dr. Stead, as instructor at the Boston City Hospital; rotated between 3 different hospitals; did surgical rotation at Brigham Young; worked with Dr. Gamble in the lab (this was his first move into research and lab work); co-authored a paper with Dr. Alfred Shoal on the development and method for measuring serum protein; began internship at the Presbyterian Hospital in New York, February, 1941; married in 1943.","Hunter graduated in 1940; completed internship, 1941-1944; completed residency in 1945. Dr. William Parson, Professor Emeritus, University of Virginia and Chairman of the Department of Medicine 1949-1966 joins Dr. Hunter and Dr. Hook in part 9. Both had interned at Presbyterian Hospital in New York. Parson was one year ahead of Hunter. Hunter was a \"pup\" for 3 months which involved doing procedures, testing, and lab work from the periphery. After 3 months Hunter rotated to surgery, took care of patients, did private service, worked on female and male wards. After attack on Pearl Harbor everyone went off to war. Hunter remained in the United States; married on March 7, 1943; completed residency in 1945; attended the Army Medical School, Walter Reed Hospital, and studied tropical medicine; travelled to Cost Rica where he observed poor patient care which impacted him deeply; became instructor in medicine at the College of Physicians and Surgery at Columbia University; worked with penicillin in the early days of development and manufacture; participated in human research; wrestled with ethical decisions regarding informed consent of the patient.","Hunter quickly assumed higher position and responsibilities at Columbia; received intense clinical experience during this time; described how Dr. Parson was instrumental in bringing Dr. Hunter to U.Va. as Chairman of Internal Medicine; visited UVA in 1952 and was impressed but still did not want the job; was re-invited to U.Va. to be the Dean; as Dean, built relationships with universities, medical schools, and the NIH; through relationship with the NIH and Ken Crispell, contributed to the expansion of the basic sciences buildings; regretted resisting expansion and fund raising during his years as dean; experienced hostility when he signed a document and agreed with Medicare during the Kennedy administration; traveled to South America to work and he was ousted from the deanship while away; became Chancellor in 1964; regretted not anticipating or respecting the roles of African-Americans and women in medicine, education, and leadership; worked to keep the medical school an integral part of the university.","Hunter earned a $2500.00 salary after finishing residency in 1947; decided he could not stay at the hospital; entered private practice where first annual salary was $13,000.00; traveled to South America for 6 weeks; worked in the United Fruit Company hospital where most patients were employees with various diseases and conditions; remained an instructor at Columbia, studying, investigating, and treating patients with penicillin from Pfizer; taught many nursing students; was contacted by Washington University in 1947; moved to Washington University in St. Louis in 1947 with wife, 2 children, elderly aunt and a maid; attended on the ward with no private practice; had his own lab where he could continue his work with penicillin; was promoted to Associate Professor of Medicine and Associate Dean; uncovered the synergy between penicillin and streptomycin (this discovery occurred while treating a patient).","Hunter was invited by Dr. Parsons in 1952 for job as the Dean of Medicine; though the School of Medicine was very small and poor, but had an excellent reputation for turning out reputable graduates. Hunter found the budget situation impossible to work with; was invited back to U.Va. after all candidates had been interviewed. Colgate Darden was the current president and was persuasive in convincing Hunter to come to U.Va. Hunter was attracted by the fact that the University was an old school with great assets. He viewed U.Va. as a relatively small, manageable, high quality academic setting not requiring a big administrative machine. Hunter's agenda included gaining financial support from the State Assembly, turning out more graduates on a slightly larger scale, accepting the cream-of-the-crop applicants, and providing better jobs and training. Hunter's first years were spent working with students, teaching, and being with patients. He did not come to U.Va. with aggressive ideas for building and growth.","Hunter arrived as Dean February, 1953; was 40 years old; had to work with an impossible budget; recieved a low salary; reported to the President of the University; was moved by the degree of growth and quality of the University; saw that there was a lot to be accomplished. There was a faculty of about 50-60 people and 76 students; almost all male; almost all white; from a wide geographic distribution. Hunter worked to break down the negative attitude of potential faculty recruits who saw U.Va. as poor, small, restricted, and provincial; agitated some because he did not want to build buildings, but build people; had a small lab in McKim and a grant during his first 7-10 years; worked on the chemical mechanism of penicillin on different states of organisms and antibacterial activities in other places and its effects in water, plants, and foreign bodies. Hunter's interests declined in the lab, and he became more excited by teaching. He focused on NIH, AAMC, international affairs, and ethics. This took him outside the University and has been attributed to putting the School of Medicine on the map. Hunter also had difficulties in the early years regarding racism and his \"color blindness,\" the Rose Garden affair (Medicare), and a speech he gave to a national gathering of pharmacologists blasting McCarthy.","Hunter's strongest supporters during this period were Dr. Parsons, Doug Eastwood, and Dave Smith. Hunter felt that the Dean had to balance obligation to the university and the department; emphasized a cooperative environment at the School of Medicine where people were comfortable together; did not realize how inadequate many of the facilities were and how the financial structure needed a boost from various sources; credits Ken Crispell with the vision that moved the School forward (Crispell obtained grants to construct buildings for the basic sciences); during this time was president of AAMC, served a 6 year tour at Harvard Board of Overseers, and worked with the NIH International Committee; conceded that his outside interests took up a lot of his time from the University; spent 1962-1963 in California and Colombia; became Chancellor for Medical Affairs in 1966; served as a member of the Center for Advanced Study; was involved with the Rose Garden Affair (Medicare).","Hunter temporarily re-located because of the reaction to his support of Medicare (the Rose Garden Affair); was invited by the Rockefeller Foundation and NIH to start a new international medical school program; relocated to California. The program sought to develop American-style medical schools abroad in key areas. Hunter describes the difficulties of implementing the program in Colombia; outlines reasons for its failure. Spring, 1963, Hunter suffered a collapsed lung and underwent surgery. Complications occurred and he was sent to Presbyterian Hospital in New York. Fall, 1963, Hunter, still recovering, returned to U.Va. and stepped down to become Chancellor of Medical Affairs.","Hunter discusses the separation of the School of Public Health and the School of Medicine; discusses reasons for his stepping down as Dean of the School of Medicine; became Chancellor of Medical Affairs (title was later changed to Vice President of Health Affairs with no change in responsibilities); in 1971 named Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science; no longer required to work in the framework of the administration.","Hunter clarifies points from previous interviews and discusses future topics of conversation; gives views on retirement (retired in 1981 at the age of 68); felt that he should retire so as not to be a \"financial drain\" on the institution; realizes that his time at UVA was a period where many changes were taking place across the country and at UVA in school structures, requirements, and financial support; was a member of several prestigious societies: Center for Advanced Studies, speaker at a seminar at the Centennial Meeting Of the Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Chair of the University Wide Purpose Committee, Distinguished Service Member of AAMC, President of AAMC, UVA Senate, and a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences; was instrumental in starting several Medical Schools: Brown, Morehouse College; Tufts; was awarded the Thomas Jefferson Award and the Raven Society Award.","Dr. Hook clarifies date and content of the letter of resignation written by Hunter on March 24, 1964 to Dr. Edgar Shannon. It was understood that Dr. Ken Crispell, who had been serving in the position as Acting Dean would be appointed as Dean of the Medical School on the same day. Also on March 24, 1964 Shannon made Hunter Chancellor. Crispell wanted to tighten up the Medical School administration and Hunter wanted to \"branch out\" into various areas of the SChool of Medicine and University. Hunter wanted to explore the national and international aspects of medical education. Crispell sent Hunter a letter on April 3, 1964 outlining the concerns he had with vacant positions due to illness and positions vacated by faculty for various reasons. Hunter and Crispell worked together identifying and recruiting people for the various vacant positions in the basic sciences. Hook then investigates Hunter's views on God, love, marriage, homosexuality, HIV/AIDS, and prostitution.","Dr. Norman Thornton is interviewed with Hunter and recalls times when Hunter was Dean and Chancellor and the Rose Garden Affair. Thornton was a U.Va. undergraduate in 1926; graduated in 1936; served 4 years in the military; was associated with U.Va. as a student and faculty member for 29 years; gives gave his views and discusses Hunter's years as Dean, sojourn to California, illness, return to dean after illness, resignation and appointment as chancellor; notes that since the beginning Hunter did not want administrative responsibilities. Hunter delegated to department heads; had an open door policy and provided help whenever he could, considering the poor budget; did not interfere with the department heads. Prominent figures in Hunter's office were John Stacy, who was in charge of the hospital and Vincent Shay who was in charge of getting financial support for the institution. Vincent Archer and Hank Mulholland were responsible for all political aspects of getting money from Richmond. Ken Crispell is given credit for putting U.Va. on the map because of his promotion of the basic sciences and building expansions.","Harlen was the administrative assistant when Hunter was Dean in 1953. Harlin verifies the history of Hunter as dean, chancellor, and Professor Emeritus; discusses the pressure from alumni to fire Hunter over his support of Medicare; states that Hunter was a born leader; discusses Hunter's personnel interactions and budget management. The interview reviews the relationships of faculty, Dean, Vice President, and administrators at U.Va.; management styles; politics and economics; enormous changes of women rights and equality.","Interview with Dr. Robert M. Berne and Hunter. Berne was Chairman of the Physiology Department 1966-1988; Professor Emeritus in 1994; was recruited by Hunter to head the Physiology Department; was impressed by the new buildings, funding and grants available for renovations, and availability of new equipment and personnel. Most of Berne's contact was with Ken Crispell. They discuss overall lack of funding in light of inflation, researcher salaries, and decline in support from the state.","Dr. Hook and Dr. Leo S. Falk are with Dr. Hunter at his home in Cismont, VA. Dr. Hunter is in poor health, confined to his bed; is thankful for a fulfilling life; expresses a desire to be let \"out of the trap he finds himself in\"; reminisces and gives short bio of his life; cannot understand why people are delaying his death; has no interest in prolonging his existence; asks Dr. Hook to provide a morphine drip and let him peacefully slip away; discusses the topic of personal suicide, physician assisted suicide, and the legalities involved; asks Hook to \"arrange for me to be allowed to have an appropriate exit.\" Dr. Thomas Hunter died October 23, 1997.","Dr. Hook and Dr. Hunter discuss terminal illness and dying. Hunter has selected Hook to take care of medical decisions regarding his death when Hunter becomes incapable; does not want his wife to be burdened; discusses quality of life; emphasizes trust when selecting someone to make decisions regarding life support, resuscitation, withdrawing medications, etc.; felt that he was dying when he was in California; accepted it emotionally that he was dying; was not frightened by death. Hook and Hunter agree that patients with terminal illness are isolated. There should be care expanded to patients who know they do not have long to live. Today's medicine is so advanced; prolongs the biological life as long as the vital processes are going on. Lawyers and others are taking over all decisions in many cases. Jonathan Mednick, filmmaker; Margot White, producer","Interview with Dr. Hook and Hunter. Dr. Hunter is in poor health; discusses his quality of life and desire to be \"allowed to die\"; expresses feelings about Hook's refusal to assist in suicide; discusses his legacy and how he wants to be remembered after death; shares thoughts about possible suicide of father and grandfather; expresses pride in his grandson. After the interview, Hook records his own thoughts about Hunter's views on the topics of personal suicide and physician assisted suicide.","There are no restrictions","Claude Moore Health Sciences Library","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.4","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/115"],"normalized_title_ssm":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers"],"collection_ssim":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Hunter main collection of career papers and assorted objects: 118 boxes, 13 cm x 39.5 cm x 26.5\n\n\nHunter addition of mainly family correspondence and memorabilia and interviews with Hunter from 1993 to 1997: 15 boxes, 14 boxes are 13 cm x 39.5 cm x 26.5 cm, 1 box is 27 cm x 33 cm x 41 cm."],"extent_ssm":["56 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["56 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nThomas Harrison Hunter was born in Chicago on October 12, 1913. Despite a childhood bout with polio that left him on crutches from the age of seven, Hunter was a coxswain on the crew teams at both Harvard and Cambridge, where he was a Henry Fellow at Trinity Hall. He completed his medical education at Harvard Medical School.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nDuring his internship and residency training at Columbia University Presbyterian Hospital in New York, Hunter began the clinical research that would lead to a dual antibiotic treatment for bacterial endocarditis, an infection of the heart's lining and valves that had previously been uniformly fatal.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nHunter was Dean of the University of Virginia School of Medicine from 1953 to 1965, Chancellor for Medical Affairs from 1965 to 1970, and Vice President for Medical Affairs from 1970 to 1971. In 1970 he received the Thomas Jefferson Award, the highest honor bestowed by the University of Virginia. In 1973 he received the Raven Award for excellence in service and contribution to the University. In 1971 Hunter was named Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science, co-founding the model Program in Human Biology and Society with Joseph Fletcher. In addition he served as President of the American Association of Medical Colleges (AAMC) and Treasurer of the Pan American Federation of Associations of Medical Schools (PAFAMS), of which he was a founder.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThomas H. Hunter was deeply interested in international medicine, arguing that health and medicine provide a uniquely powerful bridge to international understanding. In his presidential address to the AAMC in 1960, Hunter called the attention of the United States medical community to its opportunities and responsibilities in other countries. Accompanied by his wife, Anne Fulcher Hunter and their five children, Hunter spent a year teaching in Cali, Colombia as a representative of the Rockefeller Foundation. He also worked and taught in Egypt, Venezuela, Tunisia, Kenya, Cameroon, Chile, and Brazil. The Thomas H. Hunter Professorship of International Medicine was established in 1989 by the University of Virginia Medical School.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThroughout his career, Thomas H. Hunter served in an advisory capacity to numerous medical schools in the United States and was a pioneer in the field of bioethics. His life was characterized by the promulgation of scientific excellence combined with human compassion. Thomas H. Hunter died on October 23, 1997 at his home in Cismont, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["\nThomas Harrison Hunter was born in Chicago on October 12, 1913. Despite a childhood bout with polio that left him on crutches from the age of seven, Hunter was a coxswain on the crew teams at both Harvard and Cambridge, where he was a Henry Fellow at Trinity Hall. He completed his medical education at Harvard Medical School.\n","\nDuring his internship and residency training at Columbia University Presbyterian Hospital in New York, Hunter began the clinical research that would lead to a dual antibiotic treatment for bacterial endocarditis, an infection of the heart's lining and valves that had previously been uniformly fatal.\n","\nHunter was Dean of the University of Virginia School of Medicine from 1953 to 1965, Chancellor for Medical Affairs from 1965 to 1970, and Vice President for Medical Affairs from 1970 to 1971. In 1970 he received the Thomas Jefferson Award, the highest honor bestowed by the University of Virginia. In 1973 he received the Raven Award for excellence in service and contribution to the University. In 1971 Hunter was named Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science, co-founding the model Program in Human Biology and Society with Joseph Fletcher. In addition he served as President of the American Association of Medical Colleges (AAMC) and Treasurer of the Pan American Federation of Associations of Medical Schools (PAFAMS), of which he was a founder.\n","\nThomas H. Hunter was deeply interested in international medicine, arguing that health and medicine provide a uniquely powerful bridge to international understanding. In his presidential address to the AAMC in 1960, Hunter called the attention of the United States medical community to its opportunities and responsibilities in other countries. Accompanied by his wife, Anne Fulcher Hunter and their five children, Hunter spent a year teaching in Cali, Colombia as a representative of the Rockefeller Foundation. He also worked and taught in Egypt, Venezuela, Tunisia, Kenya, Cameroon, Chile, and Brazil. The Thomas H. Hunter Professorship of International Medicine was established in 1989 by the University of Virginia Medical School.\n","\nThroughout his career, Thomas H. Hunter served in an advisory capacity to numerous medical schools in the United States and was a pioneer in the field of bioethics. His life was characterized by the promulgation of scientific excellence combined with human compassion. Thomas H. Hunter died on October 23, 1997 at his home in Cismont, Virginia.\n"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eProcessed by:\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eHistorical Collections Staff\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["Processed by: Historical Collections Staff"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers, MS-4, Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, Historical Collections and Services, University of Virginia\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers, MS-4, Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, Historical Collections and Services, University of Virginia"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFinding Aid by M. Alison White\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Finding Aid by M. Alison White"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nThe Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers comprises 118 boxes of official correspondence, statistical reports, ledgers and appointment books, photographs, medals and certificates, student notebooks, conference booklets, reprints of scientific and administrative articles, microscope slides, cassettes, and videotapes.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Hunter Addition to the Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers consists of fourteen boxes of personal papers which complement the original collection.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese videos document a series of interviews with Dr. Thomas H. Hunter conducted by Dr. Edward W. Hook. The subject matter is biographical, with special emphasis on Dr. Hunter's experiences as Dean of the University of Virginia School of Medicine, Chancellor of Medical affairs, and Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter describes parents, grandparents, uncles, parents' divorce, transportation of that era, family finances, and his childhood before polio.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter describes effects of polio; living with his mother in Boston while receiving treatment; remarriage of mother; spending summers in Niles, Michigan; school years; classmates that became life-long friends; participating on the rowing team; not being considered \"a cripple.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter describes \"no books, no God\"; superstition about the number 13; polio and the possible cause; polio treatment; career choices; father, mother, grandfathers, and Aunt Jesse; summers in Niles, Michigan; schools, headmasters and classmates; importance of participating on rowing team despite being disabled in that era.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nVideo concludes with Photographs of family, friends and Dr. Hunter at various ages. Images show: Grandfather Hunter; Florence (Patchen) Hunter, grandmother; father in office, the early years before marriage; father smoking a pipe in front of a mirror; Aunt Jesse (devoted herself to 4 generations of Hunter men, never married, and lived with Dr. Hunter until her death); Hunter's mother and him as an infant; Uncle on mother's side; Hunter as an infant; Hunter and mother at approximate age of 2 l/2 - 3 years old; Hunter in wagon, about 3 years old; Barron Lake with grandfather and Aunt Jesse; Hunter on tricycle, about 4 years old; Hunter working with grandfather on farm in Niles, Michigan, about 5-6 years old; Hunter with father at about 5; Hunter with wagon and horse, which belonged to the neighbor; Uncle LeMont, father, and Hunter, first year after polio in 1922 at Barron Lake house; Hunter on crutches at the Niles, Michigan home; Class of Belmont Hill, Boston; Mother at a much later date; Hunter 9 - 11 years old; Hunter, 21 years old, an undergraduate at Harvard, about 1934.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter describes his years at Bellmont Hill School, Boston, as the formative days of his childhood. He is very thankful for the time, events, and people of these years at this school; thought of headmasters and friends as his family; was a Monday thru Friday boarder and home on weekends; participated in rowing, tennis, golf and the football team; won prizes in French and Latin and the School Medal; learned the value of team effort; became aware of his polio and its residual damage, but accepted it and incorporated it into his life.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter describes majoring in Psychology and Philosophy; financing his education through scholarships and employment; the pros and cons of Harvard University; his experiences on the honors bracket, student council, as officer of the class, as member of the Signet Society, and playing golf; his favorite courses in the fine arts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter graduated from Harvard and traveled by sea to England; was assigned a room at the Inner Court of Trinity Hall; received the Henry Fellowship for 1 year; stayed at Cambridge for 3 years; was coxswain on the rowing team; received the Henry Fellowship his second year; continued rowing in year three and received his \"blue\" (letter) on the varsity team; studied and worked all year with no exams; completed oral examinations for a week at the end of the year.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter prepared for studying medicine at Harvard. Courses of study included anatomy, biochemistry, physiology, pharmacology, pathology, and organic chemistry. Students were assigned a tutor who oversaw the college, economic, and cultural life of the student. Hunter departed from Cambridge in 1938; was \"very obtuse to the menace of Hitler and war and never got the full impact of the war\" until much later; returned to Harvard to pursue medical education fall, 1938.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter started Harvard Medical School fall, 1938 and graduated 1940; satisfied basic science requirements, but had limited clinical experience; had Dr. Stead, as instructor at the Boston City Hospital; rotated between 3 different hospitals; did surgical rotation at Brigham Young; worked with Dr. Gamble in the lab (this was his first move into research and lab work); co-authored a paper with Dr. Alfred Shoal on the development and method for measuring serum protein; began internship at the Presbyterian Hospital in New York, February, 1941; married in 1943.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter graduated in 1940; completed internship, 1941-1944; completed residency in 1945. Dr. William Parson, Professor Emeritus, University of Virginia and Chairman of the Department of Medicine 1949-1966 joins Dr. Hunter and Dr. Hook in part 9. Both had interned at Presbyterian Hospital in New York. Parson was one year ahead of Hunter. Hunter was a \"pup\" for 3 months which involved doing procedures, testing, and lab work from the periphery. After 3 months Hunter rotated to surgery, took care of patients, did private service, worked on female and male wards. After attack on Pearl Harbor everyone went off to war. Hunter remained in the United States; married on March 7, 1943; completed residency in 1945; attended the Army Medical School, Walter Reed Hospital, and studied tropical medicine; travelled to Cost Rica where he observed poor patient care which impacted him deeply; became instructor in medicine at the College of Physicians and Surgery at Columbia University; worked with penicillin in the early days of development and manufacture; participated in human research; wrestled with ethical decisions regarding informed consent of the patient.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter quickly assumed higher position and responsibilities at Columbia; received intense clinical experience during this time; described how Dr. Parson was instrumental in bringing Dr. Hunter to U.Va. as Chairman of Internal Medicine; visited UVA in 1952 and was impressed but still did not want the job; was re-invited to U.Va. to be the Dean; as Dean, built relationships with universities, medical schools, and the NIH; through relationship with the NIH and Ken Crispell, contributed to the expansion of the basic sciences buildings; regretted resisting expansion and fund raising during his years as dean; experienced hostility when he signed a document and agreed with Medicare during the Kennedy administration; traveled to South America to work and he was ousted from the deanship while away; became Chancellor in 1964; regretted not anticipating or respecting the roles of African-Americans and women in medicine, education, and leadership; worked to keep the medical school an integral part of the university.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter earned a $2500.00 salary after finishing residency in 1947; decided he could not stay at the hospital; entered private practice where first annual salary was $13,000.00; traveled to South America for 6 weeks; worked in the United Fruit Company hospital where most patients were employees with various diseases and conditions; remained an instructor at Columbia, studying, investigating, and treating patients with penicillin from Pfizer; taught many nursing students; was contacted by Washington University in 1947; moved to Washington University in St. Louis in 1947 with wife, 2 children, elderly aunt and a maid; attended on the ward with no private practice; had his own lab where he could continue his work with penicillin; was promoted to Associate Professor of Medicine and Associate Dean; uncovered the synergy between penicillin and streptomycin (this discovery occurred while treating a patient).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter was invited by Dr. Parsons in 1952 for job as the Dean of Medicine; though the School of Medicine was very small and poor, but had an excellent reputation for turning out reputable graduates. Hunter found the budget situation impossible to work with; was invited back to U.Va. after all candidates had been interviewed. Colgate Darden was the current president and was persuasive in convincing Hunter to come to U.Va. Hunter was attracted by the fact that the University was an old school with great assets. He viewed U.Va. as a relatively small, manageable, high quality academic setting not requiring a big administrative machine. Hunter's agenda included gaining financial support from the State Assembly, turning out more graduates on a slightly larger scale, accepting the cream-of-the-crop applicants, and providing better jobs and training. Hunter's first years were spent working with students, teaching, and being with patients. He did not come to U.Va. with aggressive ideas for building and growth.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter arrived as Dean February, 1953; was 40 years old; had to work with an impossible budget; recieved a low salary; reported to the President of the University; was moved by the degree of growth and quality of the University; saw that there was a lot to be accomplished. There was a faculty of about 50-60 people and 76 students; almost all male; almost all white; from a wide geographic distribution. Hunter worked to break down the negative attitude of potential faculty recruits who saw U.Va. as poor, small, restricted, and provincial; agitated some because he did not want to build buildings, but build people; had a small lab in McKim and a grant during his first 7-10 years; worked on the chemical mechanism of penicillin on different states of organisms and antibacterial activities in other places and its effects in water, plants, and foreign bodies. Hunter's interests declined in the lab, and he became more excited by teaching. He focused on NIH, AAMC, international affairs, and ethics. This took him outside the University and has been attributed to putting the School of Medicine on the map. Hunter also had difficulties in the early years regarding racism and his \"color blindness,\" the Rose Garden affair (Medicare), and a speech he gave to a national gathering of pharmacologists blasting McCarthy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter's strongest supporters during this period were Dr. Parsons, Doug Eastwood, and Dave Smith. Hunter felt that the Dean had to balance obligation to the university and the department; emphasized a cooperative environment at the School of Medicine where people were comfortable together; did not realize how inadequate many of the facilities were and how the financial structure needed a boost from various sources; credits Ken Crispell with the vision that moved the School forward (Crispell obtained grants to construct buildings for the basic sciences); during this time was president of AAMC, served a 6 year tour at Harvard Board of Overseers, and worked with the NIH International Committee; conceded that his outside interests took up a lot of his time from the University; spent 1962-1963 in California and Colombia; became Chancellor for Medical Affairs in 1966; served as a member of the Center for Advanced Study; was involved with the Rose Garden Affair (Medicare).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter temporarily re-located because of the reaction to his support of Medicare (the Rose Garden Affair); was invited by the Rockefeller Foundation and NIH to start a new international medical school program; relocated to California. The program sought to develop American-style medical schools abroad in key areas. Hunter describes the difficulties of implementing the program in Colombia; outlines reasons for its failure. Spring, 1963, Hunter suffered a collapsed lung and underwent surgery. Complications occurred and he was sent to Presbyterian Hospital in New York. Fall, 1963, Hunter, still recovering, returned to U.Va. and stepped down to become Chancellor of Medical Affairs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter discusses the separation of the School of Public Health and the School of Medicine; discusses reasons for his stepping down as Dean of the School of Medicine; became Chancellor of Medical Affairs (title was later changed to Vice President of Health Affairs with no change in responsibilities); in 1971 named Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science; no longer required to work in the framework of the administration.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter clarifies points from previous interviews and discusses future topics of conversation; gives views on retirement (retired in 1981 at the age of 68); felt that he should retire so as not to be a \"financial drain\" on the institution; realizes that his time at UVA was a period where many changes were taking place across the country and at UVA in school structures, requirements, and financial support; was a member of several prestigious societies: Center for Advanced Studies, speaker at a seminar at the Centennial Meeting Of the Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Chair of the University Wide Purpose Committee, Distinguished Service Member of AAMC, President of AAMC, UVA Senate, and a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences; was instrumental in starting several Medical Schools: Brown, Morehouse College; Tufts; was awarded the Thomas Jefferson Award and the Raven Society Award.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Hook clarifies date and content of the letter of resignation written by Hunter on March 24, 1964 to Dr. Edgar Shannon. It was understood that Dr. Ken Crispell, who had been serving in the position as Acting Dean would be appointed as Dean of the Medical School on the same day. Also on March 24, 1964 Shannon made Hunter Chancellor. Crispell wanted to tighten up the Medical School administration and Hunter wanted to \"branch out\" into various areas of the SChool of Medicine and University. Hunter wanted to explore the national and international aspects of medical education. Crispell sent Hunter a letter on April 3, 1964 outlining the concerns he had with vacant positions due to illness and positions vacated by faculty for various reasons. Hunter and Crispell worked together identifying and recruiting people for the various vacant positions in the basic sciences. Hook then investigates Hunter's views on God, love, marriage, homosexuality, HIV/AIDS, and prostitution.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Norman Thornton is interviewed with Hunter and recalls times when Hunter was Dean and Chancellor and the Rose Garden Affair. Thornton was a U.Va. undergraduate in 1926; graduated in 1936; served 4 years in the military; was associated with U.Va. as a student and faculty member for 29 years; gives gave his views and discusses Hunter's years as Dean, sojourn to California, illness, return to dean after illness, resignation and appointment as chancellor; notes that since the beginning Hunter did not want administrative responsibilities. Hunter delegated to department heads; had an open door policy and provided help whenever he could, considering the poor budget; did not interfere with the department heads. Prominent figures in Hunter's office were John Stacy, who was in charge of the hospital and Vincent Shay who was in charge of getting financial support for the institution. Vincent Archer and Hank Mulholland were responsible for all political aspects of getting money from Richmond. Ken Crispell is given credit for putting U.Va. on the map because of his promotion of the basic sciences and building expansions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarlen was the administrative assistant when Hunter was Dean in 1953. Harlin verifies the history of Hunter as dean, chancellor, and Professor Emeritus; discusses the pressure from alumni to fire Hunter over his support of Medicare; states that Hunter was a born leader; discusses Hunter's personnel interactions and budget management. The interview reviews the relationships of faculty, Dean, Vice President, and administrators at U.Va.; management styles; politics and economics; enormous changes of women rights and equality.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterview with Dr. Robert M. Berne and Hunter. Berne was Chairman of the Physiology Department 1966-1988; Professor Emeritus in 1994; was recruited by Hunter to head the Physiology Department; was impressed by the new buildings, funding and grants available for renovations, and availability of new equipment and personnel. Most of Berne's contact was with Ken Crispell. They discuss overall lack of funding in light of inflation, researcher salaries, and decline in support from the state.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Hook and Dr. Leo S. Falk are with Dr. Hunter at his home in Cismont, VA. Dr. Hunter is in poor health, confined to his bed; is thankful for a fulfilling life; expresses a desire to be let \"out of the trap he finds himself in\"; reminisces and gives short bio of his life; cannot understand why people are delaying his death; has no interest in prolonging his existence; asks Dr. Hook to provide a morphine drip and let him peacefully slip away; discusses the topic of personal suicide, physician assisted suicide, and the legalities involved; asks Hook to \"arrange for me to be allowed to have an appropriate exit.\" Dr. Thomas Hunter died October 23, 1997.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Hook and Dr. Hunter discuss terminal illness and dying. Hunter has selected Hook to take care of medical decisions regarding his death when Hunter becomes incapable; does not want his wife to be burdened; discusses quality of life; emphasizes trust when selecting someone to make decisions regarding life support, resuscitation, withdrawing medications, etc.; felt that he was dying when he was in California; accepted it emotionally that he was dying; was not frightened by death. Hook and Hunter agree that patients with terminal illness are isolated. There should be care expanded to patients who know they do not have long to live. Today's medicine is so advanced; prolongs the biological life as long as the vital processes are going on. Lawyers and others are taking over all decisions in many cases. Jonathan Mednick, filmmaker; Margot White, producer\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterview with Dr. Hook and Hunter. Dr. Hunter is in poor health; discusses his quality of life and desire to be \"allowed to die\"; expresses feelings about Hook's refusal to assist in suicide; discusses his legacy and how he wants to be remembered after death; shares thoughts about possible suicide of father and grandfather; expresses pride in his grandson. After the interview, Hook records his own thoughts about Hunter's views on the topics of personal suicide and physician assisted suicide.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["\nThe Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers comprises 118 boxes of official correspondence, statistical reports, ledgers and appointment books, photographs, medals and certificates, student notebooks, conference booklets, reprints of scientific and administrative articles, microscope slides, cassettes, and videotapes.\n","\nThe Hunter Addition to the Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers consists of fourteen boxes of personal papers which complement the original collection.\n","These videos document a series of interviews with Dr. Thomas H. Hunter conducted by Dr. Edward W. Hook. The subject matter is biographical, with special emphasis on Dr. Hunter's experiences as Dean of the University of Virginia School of Medicine, Chancellor of Medical affairs, and Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science.","Hunter describes parents, grandparents, uncles, parents' divorce, transportation of that era, family finances, and his childhood before polio.","Hunter describes effects of polio; living with his mother in Boston while receiving treatment; remarriage of mother; spending summers in Niles, Michigan; school years; classmates that became life-long friends; participating on the rowing team; not being considered \"a cripple.\"","Hunter describes \"no books, no God\"; superstition about the number 13; polio and the possible cause; polio treatment; career choices; father, mother, grandfathers, and Aunt Jesse; summers in Niles, Michigan; schools, headmasters and classmates; importance of participating on rowing team despite being disabled in that era.","\nVideo concludes with Photographs of family, friends and Dr. Hunter at various ages. Images show: Grandfather Hunter; Florence (Patchen) Hunter, grandmother; father in office, the early years before marriage; father smoking a pipe in front of a mirror; Aunt Jesse (devoted herself to 4 generations of Hunter men, never married, and lived with Dr. Hunter until her death); Hunter's mother and him as an infant; Uncle on mother's side; Hunter as an infant; Hunter and mother at approximate age of 2 l/2 - 3 years old; Hunter in wagon, about 3 years old; Barron Lake with grandfather and Aunt Jesse; Hunter on tricycle, about 4 years old; Hunter working with grandfather on farm in Niles, Michigan, about 5-6 years old; Hunter with father at about 5; Hunter with wagon and horse, which belonged to the neighbor; Uncle LeMont, father, and Hunter, first year after polio in 1922 at Barron Lake house; Hunter on crutches at the Niles, Michigan home; Class of Belmont Hill, Boston; Mother at a much later date; Hunter 9 - 11 years old; Hunter, 21 years old, an undergraduate at Harvard, about 1934.\n","Hunter describes his years at Bellmont Hill School, Boston, as the formative days of his childhood. He is very thankful for the time, events, and people of these years at this school; thought of headmasters and friends as his family; was a Monday thru Friday boarder and home on weekends; participated in rowing, tennis, golf and the football team; won prizes in French and Latin and the School Medal; learned the value of team effort; became aware of his polio and its residual damage, but accepted it and incorporated it into his life.","Hunter describes majoring in Psychology and Philosophy; financing his education through scholarships and employment; the pros and cons of Harvard University; his experiences on the honors bracket, student council, as officer of the class, as member of the Signet Society, and playing golf; his favorite courses in the fine arts.","Hunter graduated from Harvard and traveled by sea to England; was assigned a room at the Inner Court of Trinity Hall; received the Henry Fellowship for 1 year; stayed at Cambridge for 3 years; was coxswain on the rowing team; received the Henry Fellowship his second year; continued rowing in year three and received his \"blue\" (letter) on the varsity team; studied and worked all year with no exams; completed oral examinations for a week at the end of the year.","Hunter prepared for studying medicine at Harvard. Courses of study included anatomy, biochemistry, physiology, pharmacology, pathology, and organic chemistry. Students were assigned a tutor who oversaw the college, economic, and cultural life of the student. Hunter departed from Cambridge in 1938; was \"very obtuse to the menace of Hitler and war and never got the full impact of the war\" until much later; returned to Harvard to pursue medical education fall, 1938.","Hunter started Harvard Medical School fall, 1938 and graduated 1940; satisfied basic science requirements, but had limited clinical experience; had Dr. Stead, as instructor at the Boston City Hospital; rotated between 3 different hospitals; did surgical rotation at Brigham Young; worked with Dr. Gamble in the lab (this was his first move into research and lab work); co-authored a paper with Dr. Alfred Shoal on the development and method for measuring serum protein; began internship at the Presbyterian Hospital in New York, February, 1941; married in 1943.","Hunter graduated in 1940; completed internship, 1941-1944; completed residency in 1945. Dr. William Parson, Professor Emeritus, University of Virginia and Chairman of the Department of Medicine 1949-1966 joins Dr. Hunter and Dr. Hook in part 9. Both had interned at Presbyterian Hospital in New York. Parson was one year ahead of Hunter. Hunter was a \"pup\" for 3 months which involved doing procedures, testing, and lab work from the periphery. After 3 months Hunter rotated to surgery, took care of patients, did private service, worked on female and male wards. After attack on Pearl Harbor everyone went off to war. Hunter remained in the United States; married on March 7, 1943; completed residency in 1945; attended the Army Medical School, Walter Reed Hospital, and studied tropical medicine; travelled to Cost Rica where he observed poor patient care which impacted him deeply; became instructor in medicine at the College of Physicians and Surgery at Columbia University; worked with penicillin in the early days of development and manufacture; participated in human research; wrestled with ethical decisions regarding informed consent of the patient.","Hunter quickly assumed higher position and responsibilities at Columbia; received intense clinical experience during this time; described how Dr. Parson was instrumental in bringing Dr. Hunter to U.Va. as Chairman of Internal Medicine; visited UVA in 1952 and was impressed but still did not want the job; was re-invited to U.Va. to be the Dean; as Dean, built relationships with universities, medical schools, and the NIH; through relationship with the NIH and Ken Crispell, contributed to the expansion of the basic sciences buildings; regretted resisting expansion and fund raising during his years as dean; experienced hostility when he signed a document and agreed with Medicare during the Kennedy administration; traveled to South America to work and he was ousted from the deanship while away; became Chancellor in 1964; regretted not anticipating or respecting the roles of African-Americans and women in medicine, education, and leadership; worked to keep the medical school an integral part of the university.","Hunter earned a $2500.00 salary after finishing residency in 1947; decided he could not stay at the hospital; entered private practice where first annual salary was $13,000.00; traveled to South America for 6 weeks; worked in the United Fruit Company hospital where most patients were employees with various diseases and conditions; remained an instructor at Columbia, studying, investigating, and treating patients with penicillin from Pfizer; taught many nursing students; was contacted by Washington University in 1947; moved to Washington University in St. Louis in 1947 with wife, 2 children, elderly aunt and a maid; attended on the ward with no private practice; had his own lab where he could continue his work with penicillin; was promoted to Associate Professor of Medicine and Associate Dean; uncovered the synergy between penicillin and streptomycin (this discovery occurred while treating a patient).","Hunter was invited by Dr. Parsons in 1952 for job as the Dean of Medicine; though the School of Medicine was very small and poor, but had an excellent reputation for turning out reputable graduates. Hunter found the budget situation impossible to work with; was invited back to U.Va. after all candidates had been interviewed. Colgate Darden was the current president and was persuasive in convincing Hunter to come to U.Va. Hunter was attracted by the fact that the University was an old school with great assets. He viewed U.Va. as a relatively small, manageable, high quality academic setting not requiring a big administrative machine. Hunter's agenda included gaining financial support from the State Assembly, turning out more graduates on a slightly larger scale, accepting the cream-of-the-crop applicants, and providing better jobs and training. Hunter's first years were spent working with students, teaching, and being with patients. He did not come to U.Va. with aggressive ideas for building and growth.","Hunter arrived as Dean February, 1953; was 40 years old; had to work with an impossible budget; recieved a low salary; reported to the President of the University; was moved by the degree of growth and quality of the University; saw that there was a lot to be accomplished. There was a faculty of about 50-60 people and 76 students; almost all male; almost all white; from a wide geographic distribution. Hunter worked to break down the negative attitude of potential faculty recruits who saw U.Va. as poor, small, restricted, and provincial; agitated some because he did not want to build buildings, but build people; had a small lab in McKim and a grant during his first 7-10 years; worked on the chemical mechanism of penicillin on different states of organisms and antibacterial activities in other places and its effects in water, plants, and foreign bodies. Hunter's interests declined in the lab, and he became more excited by teaching. He focused on NIH, AAMC, international affairs, and ethics. This took him outside the University and has been attributed to putting the School of Medicine on the map. Hunter also had difficulties in the early years regarding racism and his \"color blindness,\" the Rose Garden affair (Medicare), and a speech he gave to a national gathering of pharmacologists blasting McCarthy.","Hunter's strongest supporters during this period were Dr. Parsons, Doug Eastwood, and Dave Smith. Hunter felt that the Dean had to balance obligation to the university and the department; emphasized a cooperative environment at the School of Medicine where people were comfortable together; did not realize how inadequate many of the facilities were and how the financial structure needed a boost from various sources; credits Ken Crispell with the vision that moved the School forward (Crispell obtained grants to construct buildings for the basic sciences); during this time was president of AAMC, served a 6 year tour at Harvard Board of Overseers, and worked with the NIH International Committee; conceded that his outside interests took up a lot of his time from the University; spent 1962-1963 in California and Colombia; became Chancellor for Medical Affairs in 1966; served as a member of the Center for Advanced Study; was involved with the Rose Garden Affair (Medicare).","Hunter temporarily re-located because of the reaction to his support of Medicare (the Rose Garden Affair); was invited by the Rockefeller Foundation and NIH to start a new international medical school program; relocated to California. The program sought to develop American-style medical schools abroad in key areas. Hunter describes the difficulties of implementing the program in Colombia; outlines reasons for its failure. Spring, 1963, Hunter suffered a collapsed lung and underwent surgery. Complications occurred and he was sent to Presbyterian Hospital in New York. Fall, 1963, Hunter, still recovering, returned to U.Va. and stepped down to become Chancellor of Medical Affairs.","Hunter discusses the separation of the School of Public Health and the School of Medicine; discusses reasons for his stepping down as Dean of the School of Medicine; became Chancellor of Medical Affairs (title was later changed to Vice President of Health Affairs with no change in responsibilities); in 1971 named Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science; no longer required to work in the framework of the administration.","Hunter clarifies points from previous interviews and discusses future topics of conversation; gives views on retirement (retired in 1981 at the age of 68); felt that he should retire so as not to be a \"financial drain\" on the institution; realizes that his time at UVA was a period where many changes were taking place across the country and at UVA in school structures, requirements, and financial support; was a member of several prestigious societies: Center for Advanced Studies, speaker at a seminar at the Centennial Meeting Of the Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Chair of the University Wide Purpose Committee, Distinguished Service Member of AAMC, President of AAMC, UVA Senate, and a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences; was instrumental in starting several Medical Schools: Brown, Morehouse College; Tufts; was awarded the Thomas Jefferson Award and the Raven Society Award.","Dr. Hook clarifies date and content of the letter of resignation written by Hunter on March 24, 1964 to Dr. Edgar Shannon. It was understood that Dr. Ken Crispell, who had been serving in the position as Acting Dean would be appointed as Dean of the Medical School on the same day. Also on March 24, 1964 Shannon made Hunter Chancellor. Crispell wanted to tighten up the Medical School administration and Hunter wanted to \"branch out\" into various areas of the SChool of Medicine and University. Hunter wanted to explore the national and international aspects of medical education. Crispell sent Hunter a letter on April 3, 1964 outlining the concerns he had with vacant positions due to illness and positions vacated by faculty for various reasons. Hunter and Crispell worked together identifying and recruiting people for the various vacant positions in the basic sciences. Hook then investigates Hunter's views on God, love, marriage, homosexuality, HIV/AIDS, and prostitution.","Dr. Norman Thornton is interviewed with Hunter and recalls times when Hunter was Dean and Chancellor and the Rose Garden Affair. Thornton was a U.Va. undergraduate in 1926; graduated in 1936; served 4 years in the military; was associated with U.Va. as a student and faculty member for 29 years; gives gave his views and discusses Hunter's years as Dean, sojourn to California, illness, return to dean after illness, resignation and appointment as chancellor; notes that since the beginning Hunter did not want administrative responsibilities. Hunter delegated to department heads; had an open door policy and provided help whenever he could, considering the poor budget; did not interfere with the department heads. Prominent figures in Hunter's office were John Stacy, who was in charge of the hospital and Vincent Shay who was in charge of getting financial support for the institution. Vincent Archer and Hank Mulholland were responsible for all political aspects of getting money from Richmond. Ken Crispell is given credit for putting U.Va. on the map because of his promotion of the basic sciences and building expansions.","Harlen was the administrative assistant when Hunter was Dean in 1953. Harlin verifies the history of Hunter as dean, chancellor, and Professor Emeritus; discusses the pressure from alumni to fire Hunter over his support of Medicare; states that Hunter was a born leader; discusses Hunter's personnel interactions and budget management. The interview reviews the relationships of faculty, Dean, Vice President, and administrators at U.Va.; management styles; politics and economics; enormous changes of women rights and equality.","Interview with Dr. Robert M. Berne and Hunter. Berne was Chairman of the Physiology Department 1966-1988; Professor Emeritus in 1994; was recruited by Hunter to head the Physiology Department; was impressed by the new buildings, funding and grants available for renovations, and availability of new equipment and personnel. Most of Berne's contact was with Ken Crispell. They discuss overall lack of funding in light of inflation, researcher salaries, and decline in support from the state.","Dr. Hook and Dr. Leo S. Falk are with Dr. Hunter at his home in Cismont, VA. Dr. Hunter is in poor health, confined to his bed; is thankful for a fulfilling life; expresses a desire to be let \"out of the trap he finds himself in\"; reminisces and gives short bio of his life; cannot understand why people are delaying his death; has no interest in prolonging his existence; asks Dr. Hook to provide a morphine drip and let him peacefully slip away; discusses the topic of personal suicide, physician assisted suicide, and the legalities involved; asks Hook to \"arrange for me to be allowed to have an appropriate exit.\" Dr. Thomas Hunter died October 23, 1997.","Dr. Hook and Dr. Hunter discuss terminal illness and dying. Hunter has selected Hook to take care of medical decisions regarding his death when Hunter becomes incapable; does not want his wife to be burdened; discusses quality of life; emphasizes trust when selecting someone to make decisions regarding life support, resuscitation, withdrawing medications, etc.; felt that he was dying when he was in California; accepted it emotionally that he was dying; was not frightened by death. Hook and Hunter agree that patients with terminal illness are isolated. There should be care expanded to patients who know they do not have long to live. Today's medicine is so advanced; prolongs the biological life as long as the vital processes are going on. Lawyers and others are taking over all decisions in many cases. Jonathan Mednick, filmmaker; Margot White, producer","Interview with Dr. Hook and Hunter. Dr. Hunter is in poor health; discusses his quality of life and desire to be \"allowed to die\"; expresses feelings about Hook's refusal to assist in suicide; discusses his legacy and how he wants to be remembered after death; shares thoughts about possible suicide of father and grandfather; expresses pride in his grandson. After the interview, Hook records his own thoughts about Hunter's views on the topics of personal suicide and physician assisted suicide."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions"],"names_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library"],"corpname_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":4038,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:48:36.769Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521_c372"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521_c373","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"1937-MEMORABILIA","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521_c373#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521_c373","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521_c373"],"id":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521_c373","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115","_root_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521","parent_ssim":["viu_repositories_7_resources_115","viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_7_resources_115","viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers","HUNTER ADDITION"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers","HUNTER ADDITION"],"text":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers","HUNTER ADDITION","1937-MEMORABILIA","box 09","folder 18"],"title_filing_ssi":"1937-MEMORABILIA","title_ssm":["1937-MEMORABILIA"],"title_tesim":["1937-MEMORABILIA"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1937-1938"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1937/1938"],"normalized_title_ssm":["1937-MEMORABILIA"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":3894,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions"],"date_range_isim":[1937,1938],"containers_ssim":["box 09","folder 18"],"_nest_path_":"/components#3520/components#372","timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:48:36.769Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115","_root_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_7_resources_115.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/100","title_ssm":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers"],"title_tesim":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1934-1995"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1934-1995"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.4","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/115"],"text":["MS.4","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/115","The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers","Hunter main collection of career papers and assorted objects: 118 boxes, 13 cm x 39.5 cm x 26.5\n\n\nHunter addition of mainly family correspondence and memorabilia and interviews with Hunter from 1993 to 1997: 15 boxes, 14 boxes are 13 cm x 39.5 cm x 26.5 cm, 1 box is 27 cm x 33 cm x 41 cm.","There are no restrictions.","\nThomas Harrison Hunter was born in Chicago on October 12, 1913. Despite a childhood bout with polio that left him on crutches from the age of seven, Hunter was a coxswain on the crew teams at both Harvard and Cambridge, where he was a Henry Fellow at Trinity Hall. He completed his medical education at Harvard Medical School.\n","\nDuring his internship and residency training at Columbia University Presbyterian Hospital in New York, Hunter began the clinical research that would lead to a dual antibiotic treatment for bacterial endocarditis, an infection of the heart's lining and valves that had previously been uniformly fatal.\n","\nHunter was Dean of the University of Virginia School of Medicine from 1953 to 1965, Chancellor for Medical Affairs from 1965 to 1970, and Vice President for Medical Affairs from 1970 to 1971. In 1970 he received the Thomas Jefferson Award, the highest honor bestowed by the University of Virginia. In 1973 he received the Raven Award for excellence in service and contribution to the University. In 1971 Hunter was named Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science, co-founding the model Program in Human Biology and Society with Joseph Fletcher. In addition he served as President of the American Association of Medical Colleges (AAMC) and Treasurer of the Pan American Federation of Associations of Medical Schools (PAFAMS), of which he was a founder.\n","\nThomas H. Hunter was deeply interested in international medicine, arguing that health and medicine provide a uniquely powerful bridge to international understanding. In his presidential address to the AAMC in 1960, Hunter called the attention of the United States medical community to its opportunities and responsibilities in other countries. Accompanied by his wife, Anne Fulcher Hunter and their five children, Hunter spent a year teaching in Cali, Colombia as a representative of the Rockefeller Foundation. He also worked and taught in Egypt, Venezuela, Tunisia, Kenya, Cameroon, Chile, and Brazil. The Thomas H. Hunter Professorship of International Medicine was established in 1989 by the University of Virginia Medical School.\n","\nThroughout his career, Thomas H. Hunter served in an advisory capacity to numerous medical schools in the United States and was a pioneer in the field of bioethics. His life was characterized by the promulgation of scientific excellence combined with human compassion. Thomas H. Hunter died on October 23, 1997 at his home in Cismont, Virginia.\n","Processed by: Historical Collections Staff","Finding Aid by M. Alison White","\nThe Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers comprises 118 boxes of official correspondence, statistical reports, ledgers and appointment books, photographs, medals and certificates, student notebooks, conference booklets, reprints of scientific and administrative articles, microscope slides, cassettes, and videotapes.\n","\nThe Hunter Addition to the Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers consists of fourteen boxes of personal papers which complement the original collection.\n","These videos document a series of interviews with Dr. Thomas H. Hunter conducted by Dr. Edward W. Hook. The subject matter is biographical, with special emphasis on Dr. Hunter's experiences as Dean of the University of Virginia School of Medicine, Chancellor of Medical affairs, and Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science.","Hunter describes parents, grandparents, uncles, parents' divorce, transportation of that era, family finances, and his childhood before polio.","Hunter describes effects of polio; living with his mother in Boston while receiving treatment; remarriage of mother; spending summers in Niles, Michigan; school years; classmates that became life-long friends; participating on the rowing team; not being considered \"a cripple.\"","Hunter describes \"no books, no God\"; superstition about the number 13; polio and the possible cause; polio treatment; career choices; father, mother, grandfathers, and Aunt Jesse; summers in Niles, Michigan; schools, headmasters and classmates; importance of participating on rowing team despite being disabled in that era.","\nVideo concludes with Photographs of family, friends and Dr. Hunter at various ages. Images show: Grandfather Hunter; Florence (Patchen) Hunter, grandmother; father in office, the early years before marriage; father smoking a pipe in front of a mirror; Aunt Jesse (devoted herself to 4 generations of Hunter men, never married, and lived with Dr. Hunter until her death); Hunter's mother and him as an infant; Uncle on mother's side; Hunter as an infant; Hunter and mother at approximate age of 2 l/2 - 3 years old; Hunter in wagon, about 3 years old; Barron Lake with grandfather and Aunt Jesse; Hunter on tricycle, about 4 years old; Hunter working with grandfather on farm in Niles, Michigan, about 5-6 years old; Hunter with father at about 5; Hunter with wagon and horse, which belonged to the neighbor; Uncle LeMont, father, and Hunter, first year after polio in 1922 at Barron Lake house; Hunter on crutches at the Niles, Michigan home; Class of Belmont Hill, Boston; Mother at a much later date; Hunter 9 - 11 years old; Hunter, 21 years old, an undergraduate at Harvard, about 1934.\n","Hunter describes his years at Bellmont Hill School, Boston, as the formative days of his childhood. He is very thankful for the time, events, and people of these years at this school; thought of headmasters and friends as his family; was a Monday thru Friday boarder and home on weekends; participated in rowing, tennis, golf and the football team; won prizes in French and Latin and the School Medal; learned the value of team effort; became aware of his polio and its residual damage, but accepted it and incorporated it into his life.","Hunter describes majoring in Psychology and Philosophy; financing his education through scholarships and employment; the pros and cons of Harvard University; his experiences on the honors bracket, student council, as officer of the class, as member of the Signet Society, and playing golf; his favorite courses in the fine arts.","Hunter graduated from Harvard and traveled by sea to England; was assigned a room at the Inner Court of Trinity Hall; received the Henry Fellowship for 1 year; stayed at Cambridge for 3 years; was coxswain on the rowing team; received the Henry Fellowship his second year; continued rowing in year three and received his \"blue\" (letter) on the varsity team; studied and worked all year with no exams; completed oral examinations for a week at the end of the year.","Hunter prepared for studying medicine at Harvard. Courses of study included anatomy, biochemistry, physiology, pharmacology, pathology, and organic chemistry. Students were assigned a tutor who oversaw the college, economic, and cultural life of the student. Hunter departed from Cambridge in 1938; was \"very obtuse to the menace of Hitler and war and never got the full impact of the war\" until much later; returned to Harvard to pursue medical education fall, 1938.","Hunter started Harvard Medical School fall, 1938 and graduated 1940; satisfied basic science requirements, but had limited clinical experience; had Dr. Stead, as instructor at the Boston City Hospital; rotated between 3 different hospitals; did surgical rotation at Brigham Young; worked with Dr. Gamble in the lab (this was his first move into research and lab work); co-authored a paper with Dr. Alfred Shoal on the development and method for measuring serum protein; began internship at the Presbyterian Hospital in New York, February, 1941; married in 1943.","Hunter graduated in 1940; completed internship, 1941-1944; completed residency in 1945. Dr. William Parson, Professor Emeritus, University of Virginia and Chairman of the Department of Medicine 1949-1966 joins Dr. Hunter and Dr. Hook in part 9. Both had interned at Presbyterian Hospital in New York. Parson was one year ahead of Hunter. Hunter was a \"pup\" for 3 months which involved doing procedures, testing, and lab work from the periphery. After 3 months Hunter rotated to surgery, took care of patients, did private service, worked on female and male wards. After attack on Pearl Harbor everyone went off to war. Hunter remained in the United States; married on March 7, 1943; completed residency in 1945; attended the Army Medical School, Walter Reed Hospital, and studied tropical medicine; travelled to Cost Rica where he observed poor patient care which impacted him deeply; became instructor in medicine at the College of Physicians and Surgery at Columbia University; worked with penicillin in the early days of development and manufacture; participated in human research; wrestled with ethical decisions regarding informed consent of the patient.","Hunter quickly assumed higher position and responsibilities at Columbia; received intense clinical experience during this time; described how Dr. Parson was instrumental in bringing Dr. Hunter to U.Va. as Chairman of Internal Medicine; visited UVA in 1952 and was impressed but still did not want the job; was re-invited to U.Va. to be the Dean; as Dean, built relationships with universities, medical schools, and the NIH; through relationship with the NIH and Ken Crispell, contributed to the expansion of the basic sciences buildings; regretted resisting expansion and fund raising during his years as dean; experienced hostility when he signed a document and agreed with Medicare during the Kennedy administration; traveled to South America to work and he was ousted from the deanship while away; became Chancellor in 1964; regretted not anticipating or respecting the roles of African-Americans and women in medicine, education, and leadership; worked to keep the medical school an integral part of the university.","Hunter earned a $2500.00 salary after finishing residency in 1947; decided he could not stay at the hospital; entered private practice where first annual salary was $13,000.00; traveled to South America for 6 weeks; worked in the United Fruit Company hospital where most patients were employees with various diseases and conditions; remained an instructor at Columbia, studying, investigating, and treating patients with penicillin from Pfizer; taught many nursing students; was contacted by Washington University in 1947; moved to Washington University in St. Louis in 1947 with wife, 2 children, elderly aunt and a maid; attended on the ward with no private practice; had his own lab where he could continue his work with penicillin; was promoted to Associate Professor of Medicine and Associate Dean; uncovered the synergy between penicillin and streptomycin (this discovery occurred while treating a patient).","Hunter was invited by Dr. Parsons in 1952 for job as the Dean of Medicine; though the School of Medicine was very small and poor, but had an excellent reputation for turning out reputable graduates. Hunter found the budget situation impossible to work with; was invited back to U.Va. after all candidates had been interviewed. Colgate Darden was the current president and was persuasive in convincing Hunter to come to U.Va. Hunter was attracted by the fact that the University was an old school with great assets. He viewed U.Va. as a relatively small, manageable, high quality academic setting not requiring a big administrative machine. Hunter's agenda included gaining financial support from the State Assembly, turning out more graduates on a slightly larger scale, accepting the cream-of-the-crop applicants, and providing better jobs and training. Hunter's first years were spent working with students, teaching, and being with patients. He did not come to U.Va. with aggressive ideas for building and growth.","Hunter arrived as Dean February, 1953; was 40 years old; had to work with an impossible budget; recieved a low salary; reported to the President of the University; was moved by the degree of growth and quality of the University; saw that there was a lot to be accomplished. There was a faculty of about 50-60 people and 76 students; almost all male; almost all white; from a wide geographic distribution. Hunter worked to break down the negative attitude of potential faculty recruits who saw U.Va. as poor, small, restricted, and provincial; agitated some because he did not want to build buildings, but build people; had a small lab in McKim and a grant during his first 7-10 years; worked on the chemical mechanism of penicillin on different states of organisms and antibacterial activities in other places and its effects in water, plants, and foreign bodies. Hunter's interests declined in the lab, and he became more excited by teaching. He focused on NIH, AAMC, international affairs, and ethics. This took him outside the University and has been attributed to putting the School of Medicine on the map. Hunter also had difficulties in the early years regarding racism and his \"color blindness,\" the Rose Garden affair (Medicare), and a speech he gave to a national gathering of pharmacologists blasting McCarthy.","Hunter's strongest supporters during this period were Dr. Parsons, Doug Eastwood, and Dave Smith. Hunter felt that the Dean had to balance obligation to the university and the department; emphasized a cooperative environment at the School of Medicine where people were comfortable together; did not realize how inadequate many of the facilities were and how the financial structure needed a boost from various sources; credits Ken Crispell with the vision that moved the School forward (Crispell obtained grants to construct buildings for the basic sciences); during this time was president of AAMC, served a 6 year tour at Harvard Board of Overseers, and worked with the NIH International Committee; conceded that his outside interests took up a lot of his time from the University; spent 1962-1963 in California and Colombia; became Chancellor for Medical Affairs in 1966; served as a member of the Center for Advanced Study; was involved with the Rose Garden Affair (Medicare).","Hunter temporarily re-located because of the reaction to his support of Medicare (the Rose Garden Affair); was invited by the Rockefeller Foundation and NIH to start a new international medical school program; relocated to California. The program sought to develop American-style medical schools abroad in key areas. Hunter describes the difficulties of implementing the program in Colombia; outlines reasons for its failure. Spring, 1963, Hunter suffered a collapsed lung and underwent surgery. Complications occurred and he was sent to Presbyterian Hospital in New York. Fall, 1963, Hunter, still recovering, returned to U.Va. and stepped down to become Chancellor of Medical Affairs.","Hunter discusses the separation of the School of Public Health and the School of Medicine; discusses reasons for his stepping down as Dean of the School of Medicine; became Chancellor of Medical Affairs (title was later changed to Vice President of Health Affairs with no change in responsibilities); in 1971 named Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science; no longer required to work in the framework of the administration.","Hunter clarifies points from previous interviews and discusses future topics of conversation; gives views on retirement (retired in 1981 at the age of 68); felt that he should retire so as not to be a \"financial drain\" on the institution; realizes that his time at UVA was a period where many changes were taking place across the country and at UVA in school structures, requirements, and financial support; was a member of several prestigious societies: Center for Advanced Studies, speaker at a seminar at the Centennial Meeting Of the Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Chair of the University Wide Purpose Committee, Distinguished Service Member of AAMC, President of AAMC, UVA Senate, and a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences; was instrumental in starting several Medical Schools: Brown, Morehouse College; Tufts; was awarded the Thomas Jefferson Award and the Raven Society Award.","Dr. Hook clarifies date and content of the letter of resignation written by Hunter on March 24, 1964 to Dr. Edgar Shannon. It was understood that Dr. Ken Crispell, who had been serving in the position as Acting Dean would be appointed as Dean of the Medical School on the same day. Also on March 24, 1964 Shannon made Hunter Chancellor. Crispell wanted to tighten up the Medical School administration and Hunter wanted to \"branch out\" into various areas of the SChool of Medicine and University. Hunter wanted to explore the national and international aspects of medical education. Crispell sent Hunter a letter on April 3, 1964 outlining the concerns he had with vacant positions due to illness and positions vacated by faculty for various reasons. Hunter and Crispell worked together identifying and recruiting people for the various vacant positions in the basic sciences. Hook then investigates Hunter's views on God, love, marriage, homosexuality, HIV/AIDS, and prostitution.","Dr. Norman Thornton is interviewed with Hunter and recalls times when Hunter was Dean and Chancellor and the Rose Garden Affair. Thornton was a U.Va. undergraduate in 1926; graduated in 1936; served 4 years in the military; was associated with U.Va. as a student and faculty member for 29 years; gives gave his views and discusses Hunter's years as Dean, sojourn to California, illness, return to dean after illness, resignation and appointment as chancellor; notes that since the beginning Hunter did not want administrative responsibilities. Hunter delegated to department heads; had an open door policy and provided help whenever he could, considering the poor budget; did not interfere with the department heads. Prominent figures in Hunter's office were John Stacy, who was in charge of the hospital and Vincent Shay who was in charge of getting financial support for the institution. Vincent Archer and Hank Mulholland were responsible for all political aspects of getting money from Richmond. Ken Crispell is given credit for putting U.Va. on the map because of his promotion of the basic sciences and building expansions.","Harlen was the administrative assistant when Hunter was Dean in 1953. Harlin verifies the history of Hunter as dean, chancellor, and Professor Emeritus; discusses the pressure from alumni to fire Hunter over his support of Medicare; states that Hunter was a born leader; discusses Hunter's personnel interactions and budget management. The interview reviews the relationships of faculty, Dean, Vice President, and administrators at U.Va.; management styles; politics and economics; enormous changes of women rights and equality.","Interview with Dr. Robert M. Berne and Hunter. Berne was Chairman of the Physiology Department 1966-1988; Professor Emeritus in 1994; was recruited by Hunter to head the Physiology Department; was impressed by the new buildings, funding and grants available for renovations, and availability of new equipment and personnel. Most of Berne's contact was with Ken Crispell. They discuss overall lack of funding in light of inflation, researcher salaries, and decline in support from the state.","Dr. Hook and Dr. Leo S. Falk are with Dr. Hunter at his home in Cismont, VA. Dr. Hunter is in poor health, confined to his bed; is thankful for a fulfilling life; expresses a desire to be let \"out of the trap he finds himself in\"; reminisces and gives short bio of his life; cannot understand why people are delaying his death; has no interest in prolonging his existence; asks Dr. Hook to provide a morphine drip and let him peacefully slip away; discusses the topic of personal suicide, physician assisted suicide, and the legalities involved; asks Hook to \"arrange for me to be allowed to have an appropriate exit.\" Dr. Thomas Hunter died October 23, 1997.","Dr. Hook and Dr. Hunter discuss terminal illness and dying. Hunter has selected Hook to take care of medical decisions regarding his death when Hunter becomes incapable; does not want his wife to be burdened; discusses quality of life; emphasizes trust when selecting someone to make decisions regarding life support, resuscitation, withdrawing medications, etc.; felt that he was dying when he was in California; accepted it emotionally that he was dying; was not frightened by death. Hook and Hunter agree that patients with terminal illness are isolated. There should be care expanded to patients who know they do not have long to live. Today's medicine is so advanced; prolongs the biological life as long as the vital processes are going on. Lawyers and others are taking over all decisions in many cases. Jonathan Mednick, filmmaker; Margot White, producer","Interview with Dr. Hook and Hunter. Dr. Hunter is in poor health; discusses his quality of life and desire to be \"allowed to die\"; expresses feelings about Hook's refusal to assist in suicide; discusses his legacy and how he wants to be remembered after death; shares thoughts about possible suicide of father and grandfather; expresses pride in his grandson. After the interview, Hook records his own thoughts about Hunter's views on the topics of personal suicide and physician assisted suicide.","There are no restrictions","Claude Moore Health Sciences Library","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.4","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/115"],"normalized_title_ssm":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers"],"collection_ssim":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Hunter main collection of career papers and assorted objects: 118 boxes, 13 cm x 39.5 cm x 26.5\n\n\nHunter addition of mainly family correspondence and memorabilia and interviews with Hunter from 1993 to 1997: 15 boxes, 14 boxes are 13 cm x 39.5 cm x 26.5 cm, 1 box is 27 cm x 33 cm x 41 cm."],"extent_ssm":["56 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["56 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nThomas Harrison Hunter was born in Chicago on October 12, 1913. Despite a childhood bout with polio that left him on crutches from the age of seven, Hunter was a coxswain on the crew teams at both Harvard and Cambridge, where he was a Henry Fellow at Trinity Hall. He completed his medical education at Harvard Medical School.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nDuring his internship and residency training at Columbia University Presbyterian Hospital in New York, Hunter began the clinical research that would lead to a dual antibiotic treatment for bacterial endocarditis, an infection of the heart's lining and valves that had previously been uniformly fatal.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nHunter was Dean of the University of Virginia School of Medicine from 1953 to 1965, Chancellor for Medical Affairs from 1965 to 1970, and Vice President for Medical Affairs from 1970 to 1971. In 1970 he received the Thomas Jefferson Award, the highest honor bestowed by the University of Virginia. In 1973 he received the Raven Award for excellence in service and contribution to the University. In 1971 Hunter was named Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science, co-founding the model Program in Human Biology and Society with Joseph Fletcher. In addition he served as President of the American Association of Medical Colleges (AAMC) and Treasurer of the Pan American Federation of Associations of Medical Schools (PAFAMS), of which he was a founder.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThomas H. Hunter was deeply interested in international medicine, arguing that health and medicine provide a uniquely powerful bridge to international understanding. In his presidential address to the AAMC in 1960, Hunter called the attention of the United States medical community to its opportunities and responsibilities in other countries. Accompanied by his wife, Anne Fulcher Hunter and their five children, Hunter spent a year teaching in Cali, Colombia as a representative of the Rockefeller Foundation. He also worked and taught in Egypt, Venezuela, Tunisia, Kenya, Cameroon, Chile, and Brazil. The Thomas H. Hunter Professorship of International Medicine was established in 1989 by the University of Virginia Medical School.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThroughout his career, Thomas H. Hunter served in an advisory capacity to numerous medical schools in the United States and was a pioneer in the field of bioethics. His life was characterized by the promulgation of scientific excellence combined with human compassion. Thomas H. Hunter died on October 23, 1997 at his home in Cismont, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["\nThomas Harrison Hunter was born in Chicago on October 12, 1913. Despite a childhood bout with polio that left him on crutches from the age of seven, Hunter was a coxswain on the crew teams at both Harvard and Cambridge, where he was a Henry Fellow at Trinity Hall. He completed his medical education at Harvard Medical School.\n","\nDuring his internship and residency training at Columbia University Presbyterian Hospital in New York, Hunter began the clinical research that would lead to a dual antibiotic treatment for bacterial endocarditis, an infection of the heart's lining and valves that had previously been uniformly fatal.\n","\nHunter was Dean of the University of Virginia School of Medicine from 1953 to 1965, Chancellor for Medical Affairs from 1965 to 1970, and Vice President for Medical Affairs from 1970 to 1971. In 1970 he received the Thomas Jefferson Award, the highest honor bestowed by the University of Virginia. In 1973 he received the Raven Award for excellence in service and contribution to the University. In 1971 Hunter was named Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science, co-founding the model Program in Human Biology and Society with Joseph Fletcher. In addition he served as President of the American Association of Medical Colleges (AAMC) and Treasurer of the Pan American Federation of Associations of Medical Schools (PAFAMS), of which he was a founder.\n","\nThomas H. Hunter was deeply interested in international medicine, arguing that health and medicine provide a uniquely powerful bridge to international understanding. In his presidential address to the AAMC in 1960, Hunter called the attention of the United States medical community to its opportunities and responsibilities in other countries. Accompanied by his wife, Anne Fulcher Hunter and their five children, Hunter spent a year teaching in Cali, Colombia as a representative of the Rockefeller Foundation. He also worked and taught in Egypt, Venezuela, Tunisia, Kenya, Cameroon, Chile, and Brazil. The Thomas H. Hunter Professorship of International Medicine was established in 1989 by the University of Virginia Medical School.\n","\nThroughout his career, Thomas H. Hunter served in an advisory capacity to numerous medical schools in the United States and was a pioneer in the field of bioethics. His life was characterized by the promulgation of scientific excellence combined with human compassion. Thomas H. Hunter died on October 23, 1997 at his home in Cismont, Virginia.\n"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eProcessed by:\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eHistorical Collections Staff\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["Processed by: Historical Collections Staff"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers, MS-4, Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, Historical Collections and Services, University of Virginia\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers, MS-4, Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, Historical Collections and Services, University of Virginia"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFinding Aid by M. Alison White\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Finding Aid by M. Alison White"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nThe Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers comprises 118 boxes of official correspondence, statistical reports, ledgers and appointment books, photographs, medals and certificates, student notebooks, conference booklets, reprints of scientific and administrative articles, microscope slides, cassettes, and videotapes.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Hunter Addition to the Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers consists of fourteen boxes of personal papers which complement the original collection.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese videos document a series of interviews with Dr. Thomas H. Hunter conducted by Dr. Edward W. Hook. The subject matter is biographical, with special emphasis on Dr. Hunter's experiences as Dean of the University of Virginia School of Medicine, Chancellor of Medical affairs, and Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter describes parents, grandparents, uncles, parents' divorce, transportation of that era, family finances, and his childhood before polio.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter describes effects of polio; living with his mother in Boston while receiving treatment; remarriage of mother; spending summers in Niles, Michigan; school years; classmates that became life-long friends; participating on the rowing team; not being considered \"a cripple.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter describes \"no books, no God\"; superstition about the number 13; polio and the possible cause; polio treatment; career choices; father, mother, grandfathers, and Aunt Jesse; summers in Niles, Michigan; schools, headmasters and classmates; importance of participating on rowing team despite being disabled in that era.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nVideo concludes with Photographs of family, friends and Dr. Hunter at various ages. Images show: Grandfather Hunter; Florence (Patchen) Hunter, grandmother; father in office, the early years before marriage; father smoking a pipe in front of a mirror; Aunt Jesse (devoted herself to 4 generations of Hunter men, never married, and lived with Dr. Hunter until her death); Hunter's mother and him as an infant; Uncle on mother's side; Hunter as an infant; Hunter and mother at approximate age of 2 l/2 - 3 years old; Hunter in wagon, about 3 years old; Barron Lake with grandfather and Aunt Jesse; Hunter on tricycle, about 4 years old; Hunter working with grandfather on farm in Niles, Michigan, about 5-6 years old; Hunter with father at about 5; Hunter with wagon and horse, which belonged to the neighbor; Uncle LeMont, father, and Hunter, first year after polio in 1922 at Barron Lake house; Hunter on crutches at the Niles, Michigan home; Class of Belmont Hill, Boston; Mother at a much later date; Hunter 9 - 11 years old; Hunter, 21 years old, an undergraduate at Harvard, about 1934.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter describes his years at Bellmont Hill School, Boston, as the formative days of his childhood. He is very thankful for the time, events, and people of these years at this school; thought of headmasters and friends as his family; was a Monday thru Friday boarder and home on weekends; participated in rowing, tennis, golf and the football team; won prizes in French and Latin and the School Medal; learned the value of team effort; became aware of his polio and its residual damage, but accepted it and incorporated it into his life.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter describes majoring in Psychology and Philosophy; financing his education through scholarships and employment; the pros and cons of Harvard University; his experiences on the honors bracket, student council, as officer of the class, as member of the Signet Society, and playing golf; his favorite courses in the fine arts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter graduated from Harvard and traveled by sea to England; was assigned a room at the Inner Court of Trinity Hall; received the Henry Fellowship for 1 year; stayed at Cambridge for 3 years; was coxswain on the rowing team; received the Henry Fellowship his second year; continued rowing in year three and received his \"blue\" (letter) on the varsity team; studied and worked all year with no exams; completed oral examinations for a week at the end of the year.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter prepared for studying medicine at Harvard. Courses of study included anatomy, biochemistry, physiology, pharmacology, pathology, and organic chemistry. Students were assigned a tutor who oversaw the college, economic, and cultural life of the student. Hunter departed from Cambridge in 1938; was \"very obtuse to the menace of Hitler and war and never got the full impact of the war\" until much later; returned to Harvard to pursue medical education fall, 1938.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter started Harvard Medical School fall, 1938 and graduated 1940; satisfied basic science requirements, but had limited clinical experience; had Dr. Stead, as instructor at the Boston City Hospital; rotated between 3 different hospitals; did surgical rotation at Brigham Young; worked with Dr. Gamble in the lab (this was his first move into research and lab work); co-authored a paper with Dr. Alfred Shoal on the development and method for measuring serum protein; began internship at the Presbyterian Hospital in New York, February, 1941; married in 1943.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter graduated in 1940; completed internship, 1941-1944; completed residency in 1945. Dr. William Parson, Professor Emeritus, University of Virginia and Chairman of the Department of Medicine 1949-1966 joins Dr. Hunter and Dr. Hook in part 9. Both had interned at Presbyterian Hospital in New York. Parson was one year ahead of Hunter. Hunter was a \"pup\" for 3 months which involved doing procedures, testing, and lab work from the periphery. After 3 months Hunter rotated to surgery, took care of patients, did private service, worked on female and male wards. After attack on Pearl Harbor everyone went off to war. Hunter remained in the United States; married on March 7, 1943; completed residency in 1945; attended the Army Medical School, Walter Reed Hospital, and studied tropical medicine; travelled to Cost Rica where he observed poor patient care which impacted him deeply; became instructor in medicine at the College of Physicians and Surgery at Columbia University; worked with penicillin in the early days of development and manufacture; participated in human research; wrestled with ethical decisions regarding informed consent of the patient.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter quickly assumed higher position and responsibilities at Columbia; received intense clinical experience during this time; described how Dr. Parson was instrumental in bringing Dr. Hunter to U.Va. as Chairman of Internal Medicine; visited UVA in 1952 and was impressed but still did not want the job; was re-invited to U.Va. to be the Dean; as Dean, built relationships with universities, medical schools, and the NIH; through relationship with the NIH and Ken Crispell, contributed to the expansion of the basic sciences buildings; regretted resisting expansion and fund raising during his years as dean; experienced hostility when he signed a document and agreed with Medicare during the Kennedy administration; traveled to South America to work and he was ousted from the deanship while away; became Chancellor in 1964; regretted not anticipating or respecting the roles of African-Americans and women in medicine, education, and leadership; worked to keep the medical school an integral part of the university.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter earned a $2500.00 salary after finishing residency in 1947; decided he could not stay at the hospital; entered private practice where first annual salary was $13,000.00; traveled to South America for 6 weeks; worked in the United Fruit Company hospital where most patients were employees with various diseases and conditions; remained an instructor at Columbia, studying, investigating, and treating patients with penicillin from Pfizer; taught many nursing students; was contacted by Washington University in 1947; moved to Washington University in St. Louis in 1947 with wife, 2 children, elderly aunt and a maid; attended on the ward with no private practice; had his own lab where he could continue his work with penicillin; was promoted to Associate Professor of Medicine and Associate Dean; uncovered the synergy between penicillin and streptomycin (this discovery occurred while treating a patient).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter was invited by Dr. Parsons in 1952 for job as the Dean of Medicine; though the School of Medicine was very small and poor, but had an excellent reputation for turning out reputable graduates. Hunter found the budget situation impossible to work with; was invited back to U.Va. after all candidates had been interviewed. Colgate Darden was the current president and was persuasive in convincing Hunter to come to U.Va. Hunter was attracted by the fact that the University was an old school with great assets. He viewed U.Va. as a relatively small, manageable, high quality academic setting not requiring a big administrative machine. Hunter's agenda included gaining financial support from the State Assembly, turning out more graduates on a slightly larger scale, accepting the cream-of-the-crop applicants, and providing better jobs and training. Hunter's first years were spent working with students, teaching, and being with patients. He did not come to U.Va. with aggressive ideas for building and growth.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter arrived as Dean February, 1953; was 40 years old; had to work with an impossible budget; recieved a low salary; reported to the President of the University; was moved by the degree of growth and quality of the University; saw that there was a lot to be accomplished. There was a faculty of about 50-60 people and 76 students; almost all male; almost all white; from a wide geographic distribution. Hunter worked to break down the negative attitude of potential faculty recruits who saw U.Va. as poor, small, restricted, and provincial; agitated some because he did not want to build buildings, but build people; had a small lab in McKim and a grant during his first 7-10 years; worked on the chemical mechanism of penicillin on different states of organisms and antibacterial activities in other places and its effects in water, plants, and foreign bodies. Hunter's interests declined in the lab, and he became more excited by teaching. He focused on NIH, AAMC, international affairs, and ethics. This took him outside the University and has been attributed to putting the School of Medicine on the map. Hunter also had difficulties in the early years regarding racism and his \"color blindness,\" the Rose Garden affair (Medicare), and a speech he gave to a national gathering of pharmacologists blasting McCarthy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter's strongest supporters during this period were Dr. Parsons, Doug Eastwood, and Dave Smith. Hunter felt that the Dean had to balance obligation to the university and the department; emphasized a cooperative environment at the School of Medicine where people were comfortable together; did not realize how inadequate many of the facilities were and how the financial structure needed a boost from various sources; credits Ken Crispell with the vision that moved the School forward (Crispell obtained grants to construct buildings for the basic sciences); during this time was president of AAMC, served a 6 year tour at Harvard Board of Overseers, and worked with the NIH International Committee; conceded that his outside interests took up a lot of his time from the University; spent 1962-1963 in California and Colombia; became Chancellor for Medical Affairs in 1966; served as a member of the Center for Advanced Study; was involved with the Rose Garden Affair (Medicare).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter temporarily re-located because of the reaction to his support of Medicare (the Rose Garden Affair); was invited by the Rockefeller Foundation and NIH to start a new international medical school program; relocated to California. The program sought to develop American-style medical schools abroad in key areas. Hunter describes the difficulties of implementing the program in Colombia; outlines reasons for its failure. Spring, 1963, Hunter suffered a collapsed lung and underwent surgery. Complications occurred and he was sent to Presbyterian Hospital in New York. Fall, 1963, Hunter, still recovering, returned to U.Va. and stepped down to become Chancellor of Medical Affairs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter discusses the separation of the School of Public Health and the School of Medicine; discusses reasons for his stepping down as Dean of the School of Medicine; became Chancellor of Medical Affairs (title was later changed to Vice President of Health Affairs with no change in responsibilities); in 1971 named Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science; no longer required to work in the framework of the administration.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter clarifies points from previous interviews and discusses future topics of conversation; gives views on retirement (retired in 1981 at the age of 68); felt that he should retire so as not to be a \"financial drain\" on the institution; realizes that his time at UVA was a period where many changes were taking place across the country and at UVA in school structures, requirements, and financial support; was a member of several prestigious societies: Center for Advanced Studies, speaker at a seminar at the Centennial Meeting Of the Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Chair of the University Wide Purpose Committee, Distinguished Service Member of AAMC, President of AAMC, UVA Senate, and a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences; was instrumental in starting several Medical Schools: Brown, Morehouse College; Tufts; was awarded the Thomas Jefferson Award and the Raven Society Award.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Hook clarifies date and content of the letter of resignation written by Hunter on March 24, 1964 to Dr. Edgar Shannon. It was understood that Dr. Ken Crispell, who had been serving in the position as Acting Dean would be appointed as Dean of the Medical School on the same day. Also on March 24, 1964 Shannon made Hunter Chancellor. Crispell wanted to tighten up the Medical School administration and Hunter wanted to \"branch out\" into various areas of the SChool of Medicine and University. Hunter wanted to explore the national and international aspects of medical education. Crispell sent Hunter a letter on April 3, 1964 outlining the concerns he had with vacant positions due to illness and positions vacated by faculty for various reasons. Hunter and Crispell worked together identifying and recruiting people for the various vacant positions in the basic sciences. Hook then investigates Hunter's views on God, love, marriage, homosexuality, HIV/AIDS, and prostitution.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Norman Thornton is interviewed with Hunter and recalls times when Hunter was Dean and Chancellor and the Rose Garden Affair. Thornton was a U.Va. undergraduate in 1926; graduated in 1936; served 4 years in the military; was associated with U.Va. as a student and faculty member for 29 years; gives gave his views and discusses Hunter's years as Dean, sojourn to California, illness, return to dean after illness, resignation and appointment as chancellor; notes that since the beginning Hunter did not want administrative responsibilities. Hunter delegated to department heads; had an open door policy and provided help whenever he could, considering the poor budget; did not interfere with the department heads. Prominent figures in Hunter's office were John Stacy, who was in charge of the hospital and Vincent Shay who was in charge of getting financial support for the institution. Vincent Archer and Hank Mulholland were responsible for all political aspects of getting money from Richmond. Ken Crispell is given credit for putting U.Va. on the map because of his promotion of the basic sciences and building expansions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarlen was the administrative assistant when Hunter was Dean in 1953. Harlin verifies the history of Hunter as dean, chancellor, and Professor Emeritus; discusses the pressure from alumni to fire Hunter over his support of Medicare; states that Hunter was a born leader; discusses Hunter's personnel interactions and budget management. The interview reviews the relationships of faculty, Dean, Vice President, and administrators at U.Va.; management styles; politics and economics; enormous changes of women rights and equality.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterview with Dr. Robert M. Berne and Hunter. Berne was Chairman of the Physiology Department 1966-1988; Professor Emeritus in 1994; was recruited by Hunter to head the Physiology Department; was impressed by the new buildings, funding and grants available for renovations, and availability of new equipment and personnel. Most of Berne's contact was with Ken Crispell. They discuss overall lack of funding in light of inflation, researcher salaries, and decline in support from the state.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Hook and Dr. Leo S. Falk are with Dr. Hunter at his home in Cismont, VA. Dr. Hunter is in poor health, confined to his bed; is thankful for a fulfilling life; expresses a desire to be let \"out of the trap he finds himself in\"; reminisces and gives short bio of his life; cannot understand why people are delaying his death; has no interest in prolonging his existence; asks Dr. Hook to provide a morphine drip and let him peacefully slip away; discusses the topic of personal suicide, physician assisted suicide, and the legalities involved; asks Hook to \"arrange for me to be allowed to have an appropriate exit.\" Dr. Thomas Hunter died October 23, 1997.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Hook and Dr. Hunter discuss terminal illness and dying. Hunter has selected Hook to take care of medical decisions regarding his death when Hunter becomes incapable; does not want his wife to be burdened; discusses quality of life; emphasizes trust when selecting someone to make decisions regarding life support, resuscitation, withdrawing medications, etc.; felt that he was dying when he was in California; accepted it emotionally that he was dying; was not frightened by death. Hook and Hunter agree that patients with terminal illness are isolated. There should be care expanded to patients who know they do not have long to live. Today's medicine is so advanced; prolongs the biological life as long as the vital processes are going on. Lawyers and others are taking over all decisions in many cases. Jonathan Mednick, filmmaker; Margot White, producer\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterview with Dr. Hook and Hunter. Dr. Hunter is in poor health; discusses his quality of life and desire to be \"allowed to die\"; expresses feelings about Hook's refusal to assist in suicide; discusses his legacy and how he wants to be remembered after death; shares thoughts about possible suicide of father and grandfather; expresses pride in his grandson. After the interview, Hook records his own thoughts about Hunter's views on the topics of personal suicide and physician assisted suicide.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["\nThe Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers comprises 118 boxes of official correspondence, statistical reports, ledgers and appointment books, photographs, medals and certificates, student notebooks, conference booklets, reprints of scientific and administrative articles, microscope slides, cassettes, and videotapes.\n","\nThe Hunter Addition to the Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers consists of fourteen boxes of personal papers which complement the original collection.\n","These videos document a series of interviews with Dr. Thomas H. Hunter conducted by Dr. Edward W. Hook. The subject matter is biographical, with special emphasis on Dr. Hunter's experiences as Dean of the University of Virginia School of Medicine, Chancellor of Medical affairs, and Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science.","Hunter describes parents, grandparents, uncles, parents' divorce, transportation of that era, family finances, and his childhood before polio.","Hunter describes effects of polio; living with his mother in Boston while receiving treatment; remarriage of mother; spending summers in Niles, Michigan; school years; classmates that became life-long friends; participating on the rowing team; not being considered \"a cripple.\"","Hunter describes \"no books, no God\"; superstition about the number 13; polio and the possible cause; polio treatment; career choices; father, mother, grandfathers, and Aunt Jesse; summers in Niles, Michigan; schools, headmasters and classmates; importance of participating on rowing team despite being disabled in that era.","\nVideo concludes with Photographs of family, friends and Dr. Hunter at various ages. Images show: Grandfather Hunter; Florence (Patchen) Hunter, grandmother; father in office, the early years before marriage; father smoking a pipe in front of a mirror; Aunt Jesse (devoted herself to 4 generations of Hunter men, never married, and lived with Dr. Hunter until her death); Hunter's mother and him as an infant; Uncle on mother's side; Hunter as an infant; Hunter and mother at approximate age of 2 l/2 - 3 years old; Hunter in wagon, about 3 years old; Barron Lake with grandfather and Aunt Jesse; Hunter on tricycle, about 4 years old; Hunter working with grandfather on farm in Niles, Michigan, about 5-6 years old; Hunter with father at about 5; Hunter with wagon and horse, which belonged to the neighbor; Uncle LeMont, father, and Hunter, first year after polio in 1922 at Barron Lake house; Hunter on crutches at the Niles, Michigan home; Class of Belmont Hill, Boston; Mother at a much later date; Hunter 9 - 11 years old; Hunter, 21 years old, an undergraduate at Harvard, about 1934.\n","Hunter describes his years at Bellmont Hill School, Boston, as the formative days of his childhood. He is very thankful for the time, events, and people of these years at this school; thought of headmasters and friends as his family; was a Monday thru Friday boarder and home on weekends; participated in rowing, tennis, golf and the football team; won prizes in French and Latin and the School Medal; learned the value of team effort; became aware of his polio and its residual damage, but accepted it and incorporated it into his life.","Hunter describes majoring in Psychology and Philosophy; financing his education through scholarships and employment; the pros and cons of Harvard University; his experiences on the honors bracket, student council, as officer of the class, as member of the Signet Society, and playing golf; his favorite courses in the fine arts.","Hunter graduated from Harvard and traveled by sea to England; was assigned a room at the Inner Court of Trinity Hall; received the Henry Fellowship for 1 year; stayed at Cambridge for 3 years; was coxswain on the rowing team; received the Henry Fellowship his second year; continued rowing in year three and received his \"blue\" (letter) on the varsity team; studied and worked all year with no exams; completed oral examinations for a week at the end of the year.","Hunter prepared for studying medicine at Harvard. Courses of study included anatomy, biochemistry, physiology, pharmacology, pathology, and organic chemistry. Students were assigned a tutor who oversaw the college, economic, and cultural life of the student. Hunter departed from Cambridge in 1938; was \"very obtuse to the menace of Hitler and war and never got the full impact of the war\" until much later; returned to Harvard to pursue medical education fall, 1938.","Hunter started Harvard Medical School fall, 1938 and graduated 1940; satisfied basic science requirements, but had limited clinical experience; had Dr. Stead, as instructor at the Boston City Hospital; rotated between 3 different hospitals; did surgical rotation at Brigham Young; worked with Dr. Gamble in the lab (this was his first move into research and lab work); co-authored a paper with Dr. Alfred Shoal on the development and method for measuring serum protein; began internship at the Presbyterian Hospital in New York, February, 1941; married in 1943.","Hunter graduated in 1940; completed internship, 1941-1944; completed residency in 1945. Dr. William Parson, Professor Emeritus, University of Virginia and Chairman of the Department of Medicine 1949-1966 joins Dr. Hunter and Dr. Hook in part 9. Both had interned at Presbyterian Hospital in New York. Parson was one year ahead of Hunter. Hunter was a \"pup\" for 3 months which involved doing procedures, testing, and lab work from the periphery. After 3 months Hunter rotated to surgery, took care of patients, did private service, worked on female and male wards. After attack on Pearl Harbor everyone went off to war. Hunter remained in the United States; married on March 7, 1943; completed residency in 1945; attended the Army Medical School, Walter Reed Hospital, and studied tropical medicine; travelled to Cost Rica where he observed poor patient care which impacted him deeply; became instructor in medicine at the College of Physicians and Surgery at Columbia University; worked with penicillin in the early days of development and manufacture; participated in human research; wrestled with ethical decisions regarding informed consent of the patient.","Hunter quickly assumed higher position and responsibilities at Columbia; received intense clinical experience during this time; described how Dr. Parson was instrumental in bringing Dr. Hunter to U.Va. as Chairman of Internal Medicine; visited UVA in 1952 and was impressed but still did not want the job; was re-invited to U.Va. to be the Dean; as Dean, built relationships with universities, medical schools, and the NIH; through relationship with the NIH and Ken Crispell, contributed to the expansion of the basic sciences buildings; regretted resisting expansion and fund raising during his years as dean; experienced hostility when he signed a document and agreed with Medicare during the Kennedy administration; traveled to South America to work and he was ousted from the deanship while away; became Chancellor in 1964; regretted not anticipating or respecting the roles of African-Americans and women in medicine, education, and leadership; worked to keep the medical school an integral part of the university.","Hunter earned a $2500.00 salary after finishing residency in 1947; decided he could not stay at the hospital; entered private practice where first annual salary was $13,000.00; traveled to South America for 6 weeks; worked in the United Fruit Company hospital where most patients were employees with various diseases and conditions; remained an instructor at Columbia, studying, investigating, and treating patients with penicillin from Pfizer; taught many nursing students; was contacted by Washington University in 1947; moved to Washington University in St. Louis in 1947 with wife, 2 children, elderly aunt and a maid; attended on the ward with no private practice; had his own lab where he could continue his work with penicillin; was promoted to Associate Professor of Medicine and Associate Dean; uncovered the synergy between penicillin and streptomycin (this discovery occurred while treating a patient).","Hunter was invited by Dr. Parsons in 1952 for job as the Dean of Medicine; though the School of Medicine was very small and poor, but had an excellent reputation for turning out reputable graduates. Hunter found the budget situation impossible to work with; was invited back to U.Va. after all candidates had been interviewed. Colgate Darden was the current president and was persuasive in convincing Hunter to come to U.Va. Hunter was attracted by the fact that the University was an old school with great assets. He viewed U.Va. as a relatively small, manageable, high quality academic setting not requiring a big administrative machine. Hunter's agenda included gaining financial support from the State Assembly, turning out more graduates on a slightly larger scale, accepting the cream-of-the-crop applicants, and providing better jobs and training. Hunter's first years were spent working with students, teaching, and being with patients. He did not come to U.Va. with aggressive ideas for building and growth.","Hunter arrived as Dean February, 1953; was 40 years old; had to work with an impossible budget; recieved a low salary; reported to the President of the University; was moved by the degree of growth and quality of the University; saw that there was a lot to be accomplished. There was a faculty of about 50-60 people and 76 students; almost all male; almost all white; from a wide geographic distribution. Hunter worked to break down the negative attitude of potential faculty recruits who saw U.Va. as poor, small, restricted, and provincial; agitated some because he did not want to build buildings, but build people; had a small lab in McKim and a grant during his first 7-10 years; worked on the chemical mechanism of penicillin on different states of organisms and antibacterial activities in other places and its effects in water, plants, and foreign bodies. Hunter's interests declined in the lab, and he became more excited by teaching. He focused on NIH, AAMC, international affairs, and ethics. This took him outside the University and has been attributed to putting the School of Medicine on the map. Hunter also had difficulties in the early years regarding racism and his \"color blindness,\" the Rose Garden affair (Medicare), and a speech he gave to a national gathering of pharmacologists blasting McCarthy.","Hunter's strongest supporters during this period were Dr. Parsons, Doug Eastwood, and Dave Smith. Hunter felt that the Dean had to balance obligation to the university and the department; emphasized a cooperative environment at the School of Medicine where people were comfortable together; did not realize how inadequate many of the facilities were and how the financial structure needed a boost from various sources; credits Ken Crispell with the vision that moved the School forward (Crispell obtained grants to construct buildings for the basic sciences); during this time was president of AAMC, served a 6 year tour at Harvard Board of Overseers, and worked with the NIH International Committee; conceded that his outside interests took up a lot of his time from the University; spent 1962-1963 in California and Colombia; became Chancellor for Medical Affairs in 1966; served as a member of the Center for Advanced Study; was involved with the Rose Garden Affair (Medicare).","Hunter temporarily re-located because of the reaction to his support of Medicare (the Rose Garden Affair); was invited by the Rockefeller Foundation and NIH to start a new international medical school program; relocated to California. The program sought to develop American-style medical schools abroad in key areas. Hunter describes the difficulties of implementing the program in Colombia; outlines reasons for its failure. Spring, 1963, Hunter suffered a collapsed lung and underwent surgery. Complications occurred and he was sent to Presbyterian Hospital in New York. Fall, 1963, Hunter, still recovering, returned to U.Va. and stepped down to become Chancellor of Medical Affairs.","Hunter discusses the separation of the School of Public Health and the School of Medicine; discusses reasons for his stepping down as Dean of the School of Medicine; became Chancellor of Medical Affairs (title was later changed to Vice President of Health Affairs with no change in responsibilities); in 1971 named Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science; no longer required to work in the framework of the administration.","Hunter clarifies points from previous interviews and discusses future topics of conversation; gives views on retirement (retired in 1981 at the age of 68); felt that he should retire so as not to be a \"financial drain\" on the institution; realizes that his time at UVA was a period where many changes were taking place across the country and at UVA in school structures, requirements, and financial support; was a member of several prestigious societies: Center for Advanced Studies, speaker at a seminar at the Centennial Meeting Of the Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Chair of the University Wide Purpose Committee, Distinguished Service Member of AAMC, President of AAMC, UVA Senate, and a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences; was instrumental in starting several Medical Schools: Brown, Morehouse College; Tufts; was awarded the Thomas Jefferson Award and the Raven Society Award.","Dr. Hook clarifies date and content of the letter of resignation written by Hunter on March 24, 1964 to Dr. Edgar Shannon. It was understood that Dr. Ken Crispell, who had been serving in the position as Acting Dean would be appointed as Dean of the Medical School on the same day. Also on March 24, 1964 Shannon made Hunter Chancellor. Crispell wanted to tighten up the Medical School administration and Hunter wanted to \"branch out\" into various areas of the SChool of Medicine and University. Hunter wanted to explore the national and international aspects of medical education. Crispell sent Hunter a letter on April 3, 1964 outlining the concerns he had with vacant positions due to illness and positions vacated by faculty for various reasons. Hunter and Crispell worked together identifying and recruiting people for the various vacant positions in the basic sciences. Hook then investigates Hunter's views on God, love, marriage, homosexuality, HIV/AIDS, and prostitution.","Dr. Norman Thornton is interviewed with Hunter and recalls times when Hunter was Dean and Chancellor and the Rose Garden Affair. Thornton was a U.Va. undergraduate in 1926; graduated in 1936; served 4 years in the military; was associated with U.Va. as a student and faculty member for 29 years; gives gave his views and discusses Hunter's years as Dean, sojourn to California, illness, return to dean after illness, resignation and appointment as chancellor; notes that since the beginning Hunter did not want administrative responsibilities. Hunter delegated to department heads; had an open door policy and provided help whenever he could, considering the poor budget; did not interfere with the department heads. Prominent figures in Hunter's office were John Stacy, who was in charge of the hospital and Vincent Shay who was in charge of getting financial support for the institution. Vincent Archer and Hank Mulholland were responsible for all political aspects of getting money from Richmond. Ken Crispell is given credit for putting U.Va. on the map because of his promotion of the basic sciences and building expansions.","Harlen was the administrative assistant when Hunter was Dean in 1953. Harlin verifies the history of Hunter as dean, chancellor, and Professor Emeritus; discusses the pressure from alumni to fire Hunter over his support of Medicare; states that Hunter was a born leader; discusses Hunter's personnel interactions and budget management. The interview reviews the relationships of faculty, Dean, Vice President, and administrators at U.Va.; management styles; politics and economics; enormous changes of women rights and equality.","Interview with Dr. Robert M. Berne and Hunter. Berne was Chairman of the Physiology Department 1966-1988; Professor Emeritus in 1994; was recruited by Hunter to head the Physiology Department; was impressed by the new buildings, funding and grants available for renovations, and availability of new equipment and personnel. Most of Berne's contact was with Ken Crispell. They discuss overall lack of funding in light of inflation, researcher salaries, and decline in support from the state.","Dr. Hook and Dr. Leo S. Falk are with Dr. Hunter at his home in Cismont, VA. Dr. Hunter is in poor health, confined to his bed; is thankful for a fulfilling life; expresses a desire to be let \"out of the trap he finds himself in\"; reminisces and gives short bio of his life; cannot understand why people are delaying his death; has no interest in prolonging his existence; asks Dr. Hook to provide a morphine drip and let him peacefully slip away; discusses the topic of personal suicide, physician assisted suicide, and the legalities involved; asks Hook to \"arrange for me to be allowed to have an appropriate exit.\" Dr. Thomas Hunter died October 23, 1997.","Dr. Hook and Dr. Hunter discuss terminal illness and dying. Hunter has selected Hook to take care of medical decisions regarding his death when Hunter becomes incapable; does not want his wife to be burdened; discusses quality of life; emphasizes trust when selecting someone to make decisions regarding life support, resuscitation, withdrawing medications, etc.; felt that he was dying when he was in California; accepted it emotionally that he was dying; was not frightened by death. Hook and Hunter agree that patients with terminal illness are isolated. There should be care expanded to patients who know they do not have long to live. Today's medicine is so advanced; prolongs the biological life as long as the vital processes are going on. Lawyers and others are taking over all decisions in many cases. Jonathan Mednick, filmmaker; Margot White, producer","Interview with Dr. Hook and Hunter. Dr. Hunter is in poor health; discusses his quality of life and desire to be \"allowed to die\"; expresses feelings about Hook's refusal to assist in suicide; discusses his legacy and how he wants to be remembered after death; shares thoughts about possible suicide of father and grandfather; expresses pride in his grandson. After the interview, Hook records his own thoughts about Hunter's views on the topics of personal suicide and physician assisted suicide."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions"],"names_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library"],"corpname_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":4038,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:48:36.769Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521_c373"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521_c377","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"1938--LETTERS","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521_c377#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521_c377","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521_c377"],"id":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521_c377","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115","_root_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521","parent_ssim":["viu_repositories_7_resources_115","viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_7_resources_115","viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers","HUNTER ADDITION"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers","HUNTER ADDITION"],"text":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers","HUNTER ADDITION","1938--LETTERS","box 09","folder 22"],"title_filing_ssi":"1938--LETTERS","title_ssm":["1938--LETTERS"],"title_tesim":["1938--LETTERS"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1938"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1938"],"normalized_title_ssm":["1938--LETTERS"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":3898,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions"],"date_range_isim":[1938],"containers_ssim":["box 09","folder 22"],"_nest_path_":"/components#3520/components#376","timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:48:36.769Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115","_root_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_7_resources_115.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/100","title_ssm":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers"],"title_tesim":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1934-1995"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1934-1995"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.4","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/115"],"text":["MS.4","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/115","The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers","Hunter main collection of career papers and assorted objects: 118 boxes, 13 cm x 39.5 cm x 26.5\n\n\nHunter addition of mainly family correspondence and memorabilia and interviews with Hunter from 1993 to 1997: 15 boxes, 14 boxes are 13 cm x 39.5 cm x 26.5 cm, 1 box is 27 cm x 33 cm x 41 cm.","There are no restrictions.","\nThomas Harrison Hunter was born in Chicago on October 12, 1913. Despite a childhood bout with polio that left him on crutches from the age of seven, Hunter was a coxswain on the crew teams at both Harvard and Cambridge, where he was a Henry Fellow at Trinity Hall. He completed his medical education at Harvard Medical School.\n","\nDuring his internship and residency training at Columbia University Presbyterian Hospital in New York, Hunter began the clinical research that would lead to a dual antibiotic treatment for bacterial endocarditis, an infection of the heart's lining and valves that had previously been uniformly fatal.\n","\nHunter was Dean of the University of Virginia School of Medicine from 1953 to 1965, Chancellor for Medical Affairs from 1965 to 1970, and Vice President for Medical Affairs from 1970 to 1971. In 1970 he received the Thomas Jefferson Award, the highest honor bestowed by the University of Virginia. In 1973 he received the Raven Award for excellence in service and contribution to the University. In 1971 Hunter was named Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science, co-founding the model Program in Human Biology and Society with Joseph Fletcher. In addition he served as President of the American Association of Medical Colleges (AAMC) and Treasurer of the Pan American Federation of Associations of Medical Schools (PAFAMS), of which he was a founder.\n","\nThomas H. Hunter was deeply interested in international medicine, arguing that health and medicine provide a uniquely powerful bridge to international understanding. In his presidential address to the AAMC in 1960, Hunter called the attention of the United States medical community to its opportunities and responsibilities in other countries. Accompanied by his wife, Anne Fulcher Hunter and their five children, Hunter spent a year teaching in Cali, Colombia as a representative of the Rockefeller Foundation. He also worked and taught in Egypt, Venezuela, Tunisia, Kenya, Cameroon, Chile, and Brazil. The Thomas H. Hunter Professorship of International Medicine was established in 1989 by the University of Virginia Medical School.\n","\nThroughout his career, Thomas H. Hunter served in an advisory capacity to numerous medical schools in the United States and was a pioneer in the field of bioethics. His life was characterized by the promulgation of scientific excellence combined with human compassion. Thomas H. Hunter died on October 23, 1997 at his home in Cismont, Virginia.\n","Processed by: Historical Collections Staff","Finding Aid by M. Alison White","\nThe Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers comprises 118 boxes of official correspondence, statistical reports, ledgers and appointment books, photographs, medals and certificates, student notebooks, conference booklets, reprints of scientific and administrative articles, microscope slides, cassettes, and videotapes.\n","\nThe Hunter Addition to the Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers consists of fourteen boxes of personal papers which complement the original collection.\n","These videos document a series of interviews with Dr. Thomas H. Hunter conducted by Dr. Edward W. Hook. The subject matter is biographical, with special emphasis on Dr. Hunter's experiences as Dean of the University of Virginia School of Medicine, Chancellor of Medical affairs, and Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science.","Hunter describes parents, grandparents, uncles, parents' divorce, transportation of that era, family finances, and his childhood before polio.","Hunter describes effects of polio; living with his mother in Boston while receiving treatment; remarriage of mother; spending summers in Niles, Michigan; school years; classmates that became life-long friends; participating on the rowing team; not being considered \"a cripple.\"","Hunter describes \"no books, no God\"; superstition about the number 13; polio and the possible cause; polio treatment; career choices; father, mother, grandfathers, and Aunt Jesse; summers in Niles, Michigan; schools, headmasters and classmates; importance of participating on rowing team despite being disabled in that era.","\nVideo concludes with Photographs of family, friends and Dr. Hunter at various ages. Images show: Grandfather Hunter; Florence (Patchen) Hunter, grandmother; father in office, the early years before marriage; father smoking a pipe in front of a mirror; Aunt Jesse (devoted herself to 4 generations of Hunter men, never married, and lived with Dr. Hunter until her death); Hunter's mother and him as an infant; Uncle on mother's side; Hunter as an infant; Hunter and mother at approximate age of 2 l/2 - 3 years old; Hunter in wagon, about 3 years old; Barron Lake with grandfather and Aunt Jesse; Hunter on tricycle, about 4 years old; Hunter working with grandfather on farm in Niles, Michigan, about 5-6 years old; Hunter with father at about 5; Hunter with wagon and horse, which belonged to the neighbor; Uncle LeMont, father, and Hunter, first year after polio in 1922 at Barron Lake house; Hunter on crutches at the Niles, Michigan home; Class of Belmont Hill, Boston; Mother at a much later date; Hunter 9 - 11 years old; Hunter, 21 years old, an undergraduate at Harvard, about 1934.\n","Hunter describes his years at Bellmont Hill School, Boston, as the formative days of his childhood. He is very thankful for the time, events, and people of these years at this school; thought of headmasters and friends as his family; was a Monday thru Friday boarder and home on weekends; participated in rowing, tennis, golf and the football team; won prizes in French and Latin and the School Medal; learned the value of team effort; became aware of his polio and its residual damage, but accepted it and incorporated it into his life.","Hunter describes majoring in Psychology and Philosophy; financing his education through scholarships and employment; the pros and cons of Harvard University; his experiences on the honors bracket, student council, as officer of the class, as member of the Signet Society, and playing golf; his favorite courses in the fine arts.","Hunter graduated from Harvard and traveled by sea to England; was assigned a room at the Inner Court of Trinity Hall; received the Henry Fellowship for 1 year; stayed at Cambridge for 3 years; was coxswain on the rowing team; received the Henry Fellowship his second year; continued rowing in year three and received his \"blue\" (letter) on the varsity team; studied and worked all year with no exams; completed oral examinations for a week at the end of the year.","Hunter prepared for studying medicine at Harvard. Courses of study included anatomy, biochemistry, physiology, pharmacology, pathology, and organic chemistry. Students were assigned a tutor who oversaw the college, economic, and cultural life of the student. Hunter departed from Cambridge in 1938; was \"very obtuse to the menace of Hitler and war and never got the full impact of the war\" until much later; returned to Harvard to pursue medical education fall, 1938.","Hunter started Harvard Medical School fall, 1938 and graduated 1940; satisfied basic science requirements, but had limited clinical experience; had Dr. Stead, as instructor at the Boston City Hospital; rotated between 3 different hospitals; did surgical rotation at Brigham Young; worked with Dr. Gamble in the lab (this was his first move into research and lab work); co-authored a paper with Dr. Alfred Shoal on the development and method for measuring serum protein; began internship at the Presbyterian Hospital in New York, February, 1941; married in 1943.","Hunter graduated in 1940; completed internship, 1941-1944; completed residency in 1945. Dr. William Parson, Professor Emeritus, University of Virginia and Chairman of the Department of Medicine 1949-1966 joins Dr. Hunter and Dr. Hook in part 9. Both had interned at Presbyterian Hospital in New York. Parson was one year ahead of Hunter. Hunter was a \"pup\" for 3 months which involved doing procedures, testing, and lab work from the periphery. After 3 months Hunter rotated to surgery, took care of patients, did private service, worked on female and male wards. After attack on Pearl Harbor everyone went off to war. Hunter remained in the United States; married on March 7, 1943; completed residency in 1945; attended the Army Medical School, Walter Reed Hospital, and studied tropical medicine; travelled to Cost Rica where he observed poor patient care which impacted him deeply; became instructor in medicine at the College of Physicians and Surgery at Columbia University; worked with penicillin in the early days of development and manufacture; participated in human research; wrestled with ethical decisions regarding informed consent of the patient.","Hunter quickly assumed higher position and responsibilities at Columbia; received intense clinical experience during this time; described how Dr. Parson was instrumental in bringing Dr. Hunter to U.Va. as Chairman of Internal Medicine; visited UVA in 1952 and was impressed but still did not want the job; was re-invited to U.Va. to be the Dean; as Dean, built relationships with universities, medical schools, and the NIH; through relationship with the NIH and Ken Crispell, contributed to the expansion of the basic sciences buildings; regretted resisting expansion and fund raising during his years as dean; experienced hostility when he signed a document and agreed with Medicare during the Kennedy administration; traveled to South America to work and he was ousted from the deanship while away; became Chancellor in 1964; regretted not anticipating or respecting the roles of African-Americans and women in medicine, education, and leadership; worked to keep the medical school an integral part of the university.","Hunter earned a $2500.00 salary after finishing residency in 1947; decided he could not stay at the hospital; entered private practice where first annual salary was $13,000.00; traveled to South America for 6 weeks; worked in the United Fruit Company hospital where most patients were employees with various diseases and conditions; remained an instructor at Columbia, studying, investigating, and treating patients with penicillin from Pfizer; taught many nursing students; was contacted by Washington University in 1947; moved to Washington University in St. Louis in 1947 with wife, 2 children, elderly aunt and a maid; attended on the ward with no private practice; had his own lab where he could continue his work with penicillin; was promoted to Associate Professor of Medicine and Associate Dean; uncovered the synergy between penicillin and streptomycin (this discovery occurred while treating a patient).","Hunter was invited by Dr. Parsons in 1952 for job as the Dean of Medicine; though the School of Medicine was very small and poor, but had an excellent reputation for turning out reputable graduates. Hunter found the budget situation impossible to work with; was invited back to U.Va. after all candidates had been interviewed. Colgate Darden was the current president and was persuasive in convincing Hunter to come to U.Va. Hunter was attracted by the fact that the University was an old school with great assets. He viewed U.Va. as a relatively small, manageable, high quality academic setting not requiring a big administrative machine. Hunter's agenda included gaining financial support from the State Assembly, turning out more graduates on a slightly larger scale, accepting the cream-of-the-crop applicants, and providing better jobs and training. Hunter's first years were spent working with students, teaching, and being with patients. He did not come to U.Va. with aggressive ideas for building and growth.","Hunter arrived as Dean February, 1953; was 40 years old; had to work with an impossible budget; recieved a low salary; reported to the President of the University; was moved by the degree of growth and quality of the University; saw that there was a lot to be accomplished. There was a faculty of about 50-60 people and 76 students; almost all male; almost all white; from a wide geographic distribution. Hunter worked to break down the negative attitude of potential faculty recruits who saw U.Va. as poor, small, restricted, and provincial; agitated some because he did not want to build buildings, but build people; had a small lab in McKim and a grant during his first 7-10 years; worked on the chemical mechanism of penicillin on different states of organisms and antibacterial activities in other places and its effects in water, plants, and foreign bodies. Hunter's interests declined in the lab, and he became more excited by teaching. He focused on NIH, AAMC, international affairs, and ethics. This took him outside the University and has been attributed to putting the School of Medicine on the map. Hunter also had difficulties in the early years regarding racism and his \"color blindness,\" the Rose Garden affair (Medicare), and a speech he gave to a national gathering of pharmacologists blasting McCarthy.","Hunter's strongest supporters during this period were Dr. Parsons, Doug Eastwood, and Dave Smith. Hunter felt that the Dean had to balance obligation to the university and the department; emphasized a cooperative environment at the School of Medicine where people were comfortable together; did not realize how inadequate many of the facilities were and how the financial structure needed a boost from various sources; credits Ken Crispell with the vision that moved the School forward (Crispell obtained grants to construct buildings for the basic sciences); during this time was president of AAMC, served a 6 year tour at Harvard Board of Overseers, and worked with the NIH International Committee; conceded that his outside interests took up a lot of his time from the University; spent 1962-1963 in California and Colombia; became Chancellor for Medical Affairs in 1966; served as a member of the Center for Advanced Study; was involved with the Rose Garden Affair (Medicare).","Hunter temporarily re-located because of the reaction to his support of Medicare (the Rose Garden Affair); was invited by the Rockefeller Foundation and NIH to start a new international medical school program; relocated to California. The program sought to develop American-style medical schools abroad in key areas. Hunter describes the difficulties of implementing the program in Colombia; outlines reasons for its failure. Spring, 1963, Hunter suffered a collapsed lung and underwent surgery. Complications occurred and he was sent to Presbyterian Hospital in New York. Fall, 1963, Hunter, still recovering, returned to U.Va. and stepped down to become Chancellor of Medical Affairs.","Hunter discusses the separation of the School of Public Health and the School of Medicine; discusses reasons for his stepping down as Dean of the School of Medicine; became Chancellor of Medical Affairs (title was later changed to Vice President of Health Affairs with no change in responsibilities); in 1971 named Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science; no longer required to work in the framework of the administration.","Hunter clarifies points from previous interviews and discusses future topics of conversation; gives views on retirement (retired in 1981 at the age of 68); felt that he should retire so as not to be a \"financial drain\" on the institution; realizes that his time at UVA was a period where many changes were taking place across the country and at UVA in school structures, requirements, and financial support; was a member of several prestigious societies: Center for Advanced Studies, speaker at a seminar at the Centennial Meeting Of the Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Chair of the University Wide Purpose Committee, Distinguished Service Member of AAMC, President of AAMC, UVA Senate, and a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences; was instrumental in starting several Medical Schools: Brown, Morehouse College; Tufts; was awarded the Thomas Jefferson Award and the Raven Society Award.","Dr. Hook clarifies date and content of the letter of resignation written by Hunter on March 24, 1964 to Dr. Edgar Shannon. It was understood that Dr. Ken Crispell, who had been serving in the position as Acting Dean would be appointed as Dean of the Medical School on the same day. Also on March 24, 1964 Shannon made Hunter Chancellor. Crispell wanted to tighten up the Medical School administration and Hunter wanted to \"branch out\" into various areas of the SChool of Medicine and University. Hunter wanted to explore the national and international aspects of medical education. Crispell sent Hunter a letter on April 3, 1964 outlining the concerns he had with vacant positions due to illness and positions vacated by faculty for various reasons. Hunter and Crispell worked together identifying and recruiting people for the various vacant positions in the basic sciences. Hook then investigates Hunter's views on God, love, marriage, homosexuality, HIV/AIDS, and prostitution.","Dr. Norman Thornton is interviewed with Hunter and recalls times when Hunter was Dean and Chancellor and the Rose Garden Affair. Thornton was a U.Va. undergraduate in 1926; graduated in 1936; served 4 years in the military; was associated with U.Va. as a student and faculty member for 29 years; gives gave his views and discusses Hunter's years as Dean, sojourn to California, illness, return to dean after illness, resignation and appointment as chancellor; notes that since the beginning Hunter did not want administrative responsibilities. Hunter delegated to department heads; had an open door policy and provided help whenever he could, considering the poor budget; did not interfere with the department heads. Prominent figures in Hunter's office were John Stacy, who was in charge of the hospital and Vincent Shay who was in charge of getting financial support for the institution. Vincent Archer and Hank Mulholland were responsible for all political aspects of getting money from Richmond. Ken Crispell is given credit for putting U.Va. on the map because of his promotion of the basic sciences and building expansions.","Harlen was the administrative assistant when Hunter was Dean in 1953. Harlin verifies the history of Hunter as dean, chancellor, and Professor Emeritus; discusses the pressure from alumni to fire Hunter over his support of Medicare; states that Hunter was a born leader; discusses Hunter's personnel interactions and budget management. The interview reviews the relationships of faculty, Dean, Vice President, and administrators at U.Va.; management styles; politics and economics; enormous changes of women rights and equality.","Interview with Dr. Robert M. Berne and Hunter. Berne was Chairman of the Physiology Department 1966-1988; Professor Emeritus in 1994; was recruited by Hunter to head the Physiology Department; was impressed by the new buildings, funding and grants available for renovations, and availability of new equipment and personnel. Most of Berne's contact was with Ken Crispell. They discuss overall lack of funding in light of inflation, researcher salaries, and decline in support from the state.","Dr. Hook and Dr. Leo S. Falk are with Dr. Hunter at his home in Cismont, VA. Dr. Hunter is in poor health, confined to his bed; is thankful for a fulfilling life; expresses a desire to be let \"out of the trap he finds himself in\"; reminisces and gives short bio of his life; cannot understand why people are delaying his death; has no interest in prolonging his existence; asks Dr. Hook to provide a morphine drip and let him peacefully slip away; discusses the topic of personal suicide, physician assisted suicide, and the legalities involved; asks Hook to \"arrange for me to be allowed to have an appropriate exit.\" Dr. Thomas Hunter died October 23, 1997.","Dr. Hook and Dr. Hunter discuss terminal illness and dying. Hunter has selected Hook to take care of medical decisions regarding his death when Hunter becomes incapable; does not want his wife to be burdened; discusses quality of life; emphasizes trust when selecting someone to make decisions regarding life support, resuscitation, withdrawing medications, etc.; felt that he was dying when he was in California; accepted it emotionally that he was dying; was not frightened by death. Hook and Hunter agree that patients with terminal illness are isolated. There should be care expanded to patients who know they do not have long to live. Today's medicine is so advanced; prolongs the biological life as long as the vital processes are going on. Lawyers and others are taking over all decisions in many cases. Jonathan Mednick, filmmaker; Margot White, producer","Interview with Dr. Hook and Hunter. Dr. Hunter is in poor health; discusses his quality of life and desire to be \"allowed to die\"; expresses feelings about Hook's refusal to assist in suicide; discusses his legacy and how he wants to be remembered after death; shares thoughts about possible suicide of father and grandfather; expresses pride in his grandson. After the interview, Hook records his own thoughts about Hunter's views on the topics of personal suicide and physician assisted suicide.","There are no restrictions","Claude Moore Health Sciences Library","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.4","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/115"],"normalized_title_ssm":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers"],"collection_ssim":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Hunter main collection of career papers and assorted objects: 118 boxes, 13 cm x 39.5 cm x 26.5\n\n\nHunter addition of mainly family correspondence and memorabilia and interviews with Hunter from 1993 to 1997: 15 boxes, 14 boxes are 13 cm x 39.5 cm x 26.5 cm, 1 box is 27 cm x 33 cm x 41 cm."],"extent_ssm":["56 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["56 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nThomas Harrison Hunter was born in Chicago on October 12, 1913. Despite a childhood bout with polio that left him on crutches from the age of seven, Hunter was a coxswain on the crew teams at both Harvard and Cambridge, where he was a Henry Fellow at Trinity Hall. He completed his medical education at Harvard Medical School.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nDuring his internship and residency training at Columbia University Presbyterian Hospital in New York, Hunter began the clinical research that would lead to a dual antibiotic treatment for bacterial endocarditis, an infection of the heart's lining and valves that had previously been uniformly fatal.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nHunter was Dean of the University of Virginia School of Medicine from 1953 to 1965, Chancellor for Medical Affairs from 1965 to 1970, and Vice President for Medical Affairs from 1970 to 1971. In 1970 he received the Thomas Jefferson Award, the highest honor bestowed by the University of Virginia. In 1973 he received the Raven Award for excellence in service and contribution to the University. In 1971 Hunter was named Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science, co-founding the model Program in Human Biology and Society with Joseph Fletcher. In addition he served as President of the American Association of Medical Colleges (AAMC) and Treasurer of the Pan American Federation of Associations of Medical Schools (PAFAMS), of which he was a founder.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThomas H. Hunter was deeply interested in international medicine, arguing that health and medicine provide a uniquely powerful bridge to international understanding. In his presidential address to the AAMC in 1960, Hunter called the attention of the United States medical community to its opportunities and responsibilities in other countries. Accompanied by his wife, Anne Fulcher Hunter and their five children, Hunter spent a year teaching in Cali, Colombia as a representative of the Rockefeller Foundation. He also worked and taught in Egypt, Venezuela, Tunisia, Kenya, Cameroon, Chile, and Brazil. The Thomas H. Hunter Professorship of International Medicine was established in 1989 by the University of Virginia Medical School.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThroughout his career, Thomas H. Hunter served in an advisory capacity to numerous medical schools in the United States and was a pioneer in the field of bioethics. His life was characterized by the promulgation of scientific excellence combined with human compassion. Thomas H. Hunter died on October 23, 1997 at his home in Cismont, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["\nThomas Harrison Hunter was born in Chicago on October 12, 1913. Despite a childhood bout with polio that left him on crutches from the age of seven, Hunter was a coxswain on the crew teams at both Harvard and Cambridge, where he was a Henry Fellow at Trinity Hall. He completed his medical education at Harvard Medical School.\n","\nDuring his internship and residency training at Columbia University Presbyterian Hospital in New York, Hunter began the clinical research that would lead to a dual antibiotic treatment for bacterial endocarditis, an infection of the heart's lining and valves that had previously been uniformly fatal.\n","\nHunter was Dean of the University of Virginia School of Medicine from 1953 to 1965, Chancellor for Medical Affairs from 1965 to 1970, and Vice President for Medical Affairs from 1970 to 1971. In 1970 he received the Thomas Jefferson Award, the highest honor bestowed by the University of Virginia. In 1973 he received the Raven Award for excellence in service and contribution to the University. In 1971 Hunter was named Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science, co-founding the model Program in Human Biology and Society with Joseph Fletcher. In addition he served as President of the American Association of Medical Colleges (AAMC) and Treasurer of the Pan American Federation of Associations of Medical Schools (PAFAMS), of which he was a founder.\n","\nThomas H. Hunter was deeply interested in international medicine, arguing that health and medicine provide a uniquely powerful bridge to international understanding. In his presidential address to the AAMC in 1960, Hunter called the attention of the United States medical community to its opportunities and responsibilities in other countries. Accompanied by his wife, Anne Fulcher Hunter and their five children, Hunter spent a year teaching in Cali, Colombia as a representative of the Rockefeller Foundation. He also worked and taught in Egypt, Venezuela, Tunisia, Kenya, Cameroon, Chile, and Brazil. The Thomas H. Hunter Professorship of International Medicine was established in 1989 by the University of Virginia Medical School.\n","\nThroughout his career, Thomas H. Hunter served in an advisory capacity to numerous medical schools in the United States and was a pioneer in the field of bioethics. His life was characterized by the promulgation of scientific excellence combined with human compassion. Thomas H. Hunter died on October 23, 1997 at his home in Cismont, Virginia.\n"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eProcessed by:\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eHistorical Collections Staff\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["Processed by: Historical Collections Staff"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers, MS-4, Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, Historical Collections and Services, University of Virginia\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers, MS-4, Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, Historical Collections and Services, University of Virginia"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFinding Aid by M. Alison White\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Finding Aid by M. Alison White"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nThe Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers comprises 118 boxes of official correspondence, statistical reports, ledgers and appointment books, photographs, medals and certificates, student notebooks, conference booklets, reprints of scientific and administrative articles, microscope slides, cassettes, and videotapes.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Hunter Addition to the Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers consists of fourteen boxes of personal papers which complement the original collection.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese videos document a series of interviews with Dr. Thomas H. Hunter conducted by Dr. Edward W. Hook. The subject matter is biographical, with special emphasis on Dr. Hunter's experiences as Dean of the University of Virginia School of Medicine, Chancellor of Medical affairs, and Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter describes parents, grandparents, uncles, parents' divorce, transportation of that era, family finances, and his childhood before polio.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter describes effects of polio; living with his mother in Boston while receiving treatment; remarriage of mother; spending summers in Niles, Michigan; school years; classmates that became life-long friends; participating on the rowing team; not being considered \"a cripple.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter describes \"no books, no God\"; superstition about the number 13; polio and the possible cause; polio treatment; career choices; father, mother, grandfathers, and Aunt Jesse; summers in Niles, Michigan; schools, headmasters and classmates; importance of participating on rowing team despite being disabled in that era.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nVideo concludes with Photographs of family, friends and Dr. Hunter at various ages. Images show: Grandfather Hunter; Florence (Patchen) Hunter, grandmother; father in office, the early years before marriage; father smoking a pipe in front of a mirror; Aunt Jesse (devoted herself to 4 generations of Hunter men, never married, and lived with Dr. Hunter until her death); Hunter's mother and him as an infant; Uncle on mother's side; Hunter as an infant; Hunter and mother at approximate age of 2 l/2 - 3 years old; Hunter in wagon, about 3 years old; Barron Lake with grandfather and Aunt Jesse; Hunter on tricycle, about 4 years old; Hunter working with grandfather on farm in Niles, Michigan, about 5-6 years old; Hunter with father at about 5; Hunter with wagon and horse, which belonged to the neighbor; Uncle LeMont, father, and Hunter, first year after polio in 1922 at Barron Lake house; Hunter on crutches at the Niles, Michigan home; Class of Belmont Hill, Boston; Mother at a much later date; Hunter 9 - 11 years old; Hunter, 21 years old, an undergraduate at Harvard, about 1934.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter describes his years at Bellmont Hill School, Boston, as the formative days of his childhood. He is very thankful for the time, events, and people of these years at this school; thought of headmasters and friends as his family; was a Monday thru Friday boarder and home on weekends; participated in rowing, tennis, golf and the football team; won prizes in French and Latin and the School Medal; learned the value of team effort; became aware of his polio and its residual damage, but accepted it and incorporated it into his life.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter describes majoring in Psychology and Philosophy; financing his education through scholarships and employment; the pros and cons of Harvard University; his experiences on the honors bracket, student council, as officer of the class, as member of the Signet Society, and playing golf; his favorite courses in the fine arts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter graduated from Harvard and traveled by sea to England; was assigned a room at the Inner Court of Trinity Hall; received the Henry Fellowship for 1 year; stayed at Cambridge for 3 years; was coxswain on the rowing team; received the Henry Fellowship his second year; continued rowing in year three and received his \"blue\" (letter) on the varsity team; studied and worked all year with no exams; completed oral examinations for a week at the end of the year.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter prepared for studying medicine at Harvard. Courses of study included anatomy, biochemistry, physiology, pharmacology, pathology, and organic chemistry. Students were assigned a tutor who oversaw the college, economic, and cultural life of the student. Hunter departed from Cambridge in 1938; was \"very obtuse to the menace of Hitler and war and never got the full impact of the war\" until much later; returned to Harvard to pursue medical education fall, 1938.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter started Harvard Medical School fall, 1938 and graduated 1940; satisfied basic science requirements, but had limited clinical experience; had Dr. Stead, as instructor at the Boston City Hospital; rotated between 3 different hospitals; did surgical rotation at Brigham Young; worked with Dr. Gamble in the lab (this was his first move into research and lab work); co-authored a paper with Dr. Alfred Shoal on the development and method for measuring serum protein; began internship at the Presbyterian Hospital in New York, February, 1941; married in 1943.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter graduated in 1940; completed internship, 1941-1944; completed residency in 1945. Dr. William Parson, Professor Emeritus, University of Virginia and Chairman of the Department of Medicine 1949-1966 joins Dr. Hunter and Dr. Hook in part 9. Both had interned at Presbyterian Hospital in New York. Parson was one year ahead of Hunter. Hunter was a \"pup\" for 3 months which involved doing procedures, testing, and lab work from the periphery. After 3 months Hunter rotated to surgery, took care of patients, did private service, worked on female and male wards. After attack on Pearl Harbor everyone went off to war. Hunter remained in the United States; married on March 7, 1943; completed residency in 1945; attended the Army Medical School, Walter Reed Hospital, and studied tropical medicine; travelled to Cost Rica where he observed poor patient care which impacted him deeply; became instructor in medicine at the College of Physicians and Surgery at Columbia University; worked with penicillin in the early days of development and manufacture; participated in human research; wrestled with ethical decisions regarding informed consent of the patient.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter quickly assumed higher position and responsibilities at Columbia; received intense clinical experience during this time; described how Dr. Parson was instrumental in bringing Dr. Hunter to U.Va. as Chairman of Internal Medicine; visited UVA in 1952 and was impressed but still did not want the job; was re-invited to U.Va. to be the Dean; as Dean, built relationships with universities, medical schools, and the NIH; through relationship with the NIH and Ken Crispell, contributed to the expansion of the basic sciences buildings; regretted resisting expansion and fund raising during his years as dean; experienced hostility when he signed a document and agreed with Medicare during the Kennedy administration; traveled to South America to work and he was ousted from the deanship while away; became Chancellor in 1964; regretted not anticipating or respecting the roles of African-Americans and women in medicine, education, and leadership; worked to keep the medical school an integral part of the university.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter earned a $2500.00 salary after finishing residency in 1947; decided he could not stay at the hospital; entered private practice where first annual salary was $13,000.00; traveled to South America for 6 weeks; worked in the United Fruit Company hospital where most patients were employees with various diseases and conditions; remained an instructor at Columbia, studying, investigating, and treating patients with penicillin from Pfizer; taught many nursing students; was contacted by Washington University in 1947; moved to Washington University in St. Louis in 1947 with wife, 2 children, elderly aunt and a maid; attended on the ward with no private practice; had his own lab where he could continue his work with penicillin; was promoted to Associate Professor of Medicine and Associate Dean; uncovered the synergy between penicillin and streptomycin (this discovery occurred while treating a patient).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter was invited by Dr. Parsons in 1952 for job as the Dean of Medicine; though the School of Medicine was very small and poor, but had an excellent reputation for turning out reputable graduates. Hunter found the budget situation impossible to work with; was invited back to U.Va. after all candidates had been interviewed. Colgate Darden was the current president and was persuasive in convincing Hunter to come to U.Va. Hunter was attracted by the fact that the University was an old school with great assets. He viewed U.Va. as a relatively small, manageable, high quality academic setting not requiring a big administrative machine. Hunter's agenda included gaining financial support from the State Assembly, turning out more graduates on a slightly larger scale, accepting the cream-of-the-crop applicants, and providing better jobs and training. Hunter's first years were spent working with students, teaching, and being with patients. He did not come to U.Va. with aggressive ideas for building and growth.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter arrived as Dean February, 1953; was 40 years old; had to work with an impossible budget; recieved a low salary; reported to the President of the University; was moved by the degree of growth and quality of the University; saw that there was a lot to be accomplished. There was a faculty of about 50-60 people and 76 students; almost all male; almost all white; from a wide geographic distribution. Hunter worked to break down the negative attitude of potential faculty recruits who saw U.Va. as poor, small, restricted, and provincial; agitated some because he did not want to build buildings, but build people; had a small lab in McKim and a grant during his first 7-10 years; worked on the chemical mechanism of penicillin on different states of organisms and antibacterial activities in other places and its effects in water, plants, and foreign bodies. Hunter's interests declined in the lab, and he became more excited by teaching. He focused on NIH, AAMC, international affairs, and ethics. This took him outside the University and has been attributed to putting the School of Medicine on the map. Hunter also had difficulties in the early years regarding racism and his \"color blindness,\" the Rose Garden affair (Medicare), and a speech he gave to a national gathering of pharmacologists blasting McCarthy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter's strongest supporters during this period were Dr. Parsons, Doug Eastwood, and Dave Smith. Hunter felt that the Dean had to balance obligation to the university and the department; emphasized a cooperative environment at the School of Medicine where people were comfortable together; did not realize how inadequate many of the facilities were and how the financial structure needed a boost from various sources; credits Ken Crispell with the vision that moved the School forward (Crispell obtained grants to construct buildings for the basic sciences); during this time was president of AAMC, served a 6 year tour at Harvard Board of Overseers, and worked with the NIH International Committee; conceded that his outside interests took up a lot of his time from the University; spent 1962-1963 in California and Colombia; became Chancellor for Medical Affairs in 1966; served as a member of the Center for Advanced Study; was involved with the Rose Garden Affair (Medicare).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter temporarily re-located because of the reaction to his support of Medicare (the Rose Garden Affair); was invited by the Rockefeller Foundation and NIH to start a new international medical school program; relocated to California. The program sought to develop American-style medical schools abroad in key areas. Hunter describes the difficulties of implementing the program in Colombia; outlines reasons for its failure. Spring, 1963, Hunter suffered a collapsed lung and underwent surgery. Complications occurred and he was sent to Presbyterian Hospital in New York. Fall, 1963, Hunter, still recovering, returned to U.Va. and stepped down to become Chancellor of Medical Affairs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter discusses the separation of the School of Public Health and the School of Medicine; discusses reasons for his stepping down as Dean of the School of Medicine; became Chancellor of Medical Affairs (title was later changed to Vice President of Health Affairs with no change in responsibilities); in 1971 named Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science; no longer required to work in the framework of the administration.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter clarifies points from previous interviews and discusses future topics of conversation; gives views on retirement (retired in 1981 at the age of 68); felt that he should retire so as not to be a \"financial drain\" on the institution; realizes that his time at UVA was a period where many changes were taking place across the country and at UVA in school structures, requirements, and financial support; was a member of several prestigious societies: Center for Advanced Studies, speaker at a seminar at the Centennial Meeting Of the Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Chair of the University Wide Purpose Committee, Distinguished Service Member of AAMC, President of AAMC, UVA Senate, and a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences; was instrumental in starting several Medical Schools: Brown, Morehouse College; Tufts; was awarded the Thomas Jefferson Award and the Raven Society Award.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Hook clarifies date and content of the letter of resignation written by Hunter on March 24, 1964 to Dr. Edgar Shannon. It was understood that Dr. Ken Crispell, who had been serving in the position as Acting Dean would be appointed as Dean of the Medical School on the same day. Also on March 24, 1964 Shannon made Hunter Chancellor. Crispell wanted to tighten up the Medical School administration and Hunter wanted to \"branch out\" into various areas of the SChool of Medicine and University. Hunter wanted to explore the national and international aspects of medical education. Crispell sent Hunter a letter on April 3, 1964 outlining the concerns he had with vacant positions due to illness and positions vacated by faculty for various reasons. Hunter and Crispell worked together identifying and recruiting people for the various vacant positions in the basic sciences. Hook then investigates Hunter's views on God, love, marriage, homosexuality, HIV/AIDS, and prostitution.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Norman Thornton is interviewed with Hunter and recalls times when Hunter was Dean and Chancellor and the Rose Garden Affair. Thornton was a U.Va. undergraduate in 1926; graduated in 1936; served 4 years in the military; was associated with U.Va. as a student and faculty member for 29 years; gives gave his views and discusses Hunter's years as Dean, sojourn to California, illness, return to dean after illness, resignation and appointment as chancellor; notes that since the beginning Hunter did not want administrative responsibilities. Hunter delegated to department heads; had an open door policy and provided help whenever he could, considering the poor budget; did not interfere with the department heads. Prominent figures in Hunter's office were John Stacy, who was in charge of the hospital and Vincent Shay who was in charge of getting financial support for the institution. Vincent Archer and Hank Mulholland were responsible for all political aspects of getting money from Richmond. Ken Crispell is given credit for putting U.Va. on the map because of his promotion of the basic sciences and building expansions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarlen was the administrative assistant when Hunter was Dean in 1953. Harlin verifies the history of Hunter as dean, chancellor, and Professor Emeritus; discusses the pressure from alumni to fire Hunter over his support of Medicare; states that Hunter was a born leader; discusses Hunter's personnel interactions and budget management. The interview reviews the relationships of faculty, Dean, Vice President, and administrators at U.Va.; management styles; politics and economics; enormous changes of women rights and equality.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterview with Dr. Robert M. Berne and Hunter. Berne was Chairman of the Physiology Department 1966-1988; Professor Emeritus in 1994; was recruited by Hunter to head the Physiology Department; was impressed by the new buildings, funding and grants available for renovations, and availability of new equipment and personnel. Most of Berne's contact was with Ken Crispell. They discuss overall lack of funding in light of inflation, researcher salaries, and decline in support from the state.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Hook and Dr. Leo S. Falk are with Dr. Hunter at his home in Cismont, VA. Dr. Hunter is in poor health, confined to his bed; is thankful for a fulfilling life; expresses a desire to be let \"out of the trap he finds himself in\"; reminisces and gives short bio of his life; cannot understand why people are delaying his death; has no interest in prolonging his existence; asks Dr. Hook to provide a morphine drip and let him peacefully slip away; discusses the topic of personal suicide, physician assisted suicide, and the legalities involved; asks Hook to \"arrange for me to be allowed to have an appropriate exit.\" Dr. Thomas Hunter died October 23, 1997.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Hook and Dr. Hunter discuss terminal illness and dying. Hunter has selected Hook to take care of medical decisions regarding his death when Hunter becomes incapable; does not want his wife to be burdened; discusses quality of life; emphasizes trust when selecting someone to make decisions regarding life support, resuscitation, withdrawing medications, etc.; felt that he was dying when he was in California; accepted it emotionally that he was dying; was not frightened by death. Hook and Hunter agree that patients with terminal illness are isolated. There should be care expanded to patients who know they do not have long to live. Today's medicine is so advanced; prolongs the biological life as long as the vital processes are going on. Lawyers and others are taking over all decisions in many cases. Jonathan Mednick, filmmaker; Margot White, producer\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterview with Dr. Hook and Hunter. Dr. Hunter is in poor health; discusses his quality of life and desire to be \"allowed to die\"; expresses feelings about Hook's refusal to assist in suicide; discusses his legacy and how he wants to be remembered after death; shares thoughts about possible suicide of father and grandfather; expresses pride in his grandson. After the interview, Hook records his own thoughts about Hunter's views on the topics of personal suicide and physician assisted suicide.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["\nThe Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers comprises 118 boxes of official correspondence, statistical reports, ledgers and appointment books, photographs, medals and certificates, student notebooks, conference booklets, reprints of scientific and administrative articles, microscope slides, cassettes, and videotapes.\n","\nThe Hunter Addition to the Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers consists of fourteen boxes of personal papers which complement the original collection.\n","These videos document a series of interviews with Dr. Thomas H. Hunter conducted by Dr. Edward W. Hook. The subject matter is biographical, with special emphasis on Dr. Hunter's experiences as Dean of the University of Virginia School of Medicine, Chancellor of Medical affairs, and Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science.","Hunter describes parents, grandparents, uncles, parents' divorce, transportation of that era, family finances, and his childhood before polio.","Hunter describes effects of polio; living with his mother in Boston while receiving treatment; remarriage of mother; spending summers in Niles, Michigan; school years; classmates that became life-long friends; participating on the rowing team; not being considered \"a cripple.\"","Hunter describes \"no books, no God\"; superstition about the number 13; polio and the possible cause; polio treatment; career choices; father, mother, grandfathers, and Aunt Jesse; summers in Niles, Michigan; schools, headmasters and classmates; importance of participating on rowing team despite being disabled in that era.","\nVideo concludes with Photographs of family, friends and Dr. Hunter at various ages. Images show: Grandfather Hunter; Florence (Patchen) Hunter, grandmother; father in office, the early years before marriage; father smoking a pipe in front of a mirror; Aunt Jesse (devoted herself to 4 generations of Hunter men, never married, and lived with Dr. Hunter until her death); Hunter's mother and him as an infant; Uncle on mother's side; Hunter as an infant; Hunter and mother at approximate age of 2 l/2 - 3 years old; Hunter in wagon, about 3 years old; Barron Lake with grandfather and Aunt Jesse; Hunter on tricycle, about 4 years old; Hunter working with grandfather on farm in Niles, Michigan, about 5-6 years old; Hunter with father at about 5; Hunter with wagon and horse, which belonged to the neighbor; Uncle LeMont, father, and Hunter, first year after polio in 1922 at Barron Lake house; Hunter on crutches at the Niles, Michigan home; Class of Belmont Hill, Boston; Mother at a much later date; Hunter 9 - 11 years old; Hunter, 21 years old, an undergraduate at Harvard, about 1934.\n","Hunter describes his years at Bellmont Hill School, Boston, as the formative days of his childhood. He is very thankful for the time, events, and people of these years at this school; thought of headmasters and friends as his family; was a Monday thru Friday boarder and home on weekends; participated in rowing, tennis, golf and the football team; won prizes in French and Latin and the School Medal; learned the value of team effort; became aware of his polio and its residual damage, but accepted it and incorporated it into his life.","Hunter describes majoring in Psychology and Philosophy; financing his education through scholarships and employment; the pros and cons of Harvard University; his experiences on the honors bracket, student council, as officer of the class, as member of the Signet Society, and playing golf; his favorite courses in the fine arts.","Hunter graduated from Harvard and traveled by sea to England; was assigned a room at the Inner Court of Trinity Hall; received the Henry Fellowship for 1 year; stayed at Cambridge for 3 years; was coxswain on the rowing team; received the Henry Fellowship his second year; continued rowing in year three and received his \"blue\" (letter) on the varsity team; studied and worked all year with no exams; completed oral examinations for a week at the end of the year.","Hunter prepared for studying medicine at Harvard. Courses of study included anatomy, biochemistry, physiology, pharmacology, pathology, and organic chemistry. Students were assigned a tutor who oversaw the college, economic, and cultural life of the student. Hunter departed from Cambridge in 1938; was \"very obtuse to the menace of Hitler and war and never got the full impact of the war\" until much later; returned to Harvard to pursue medical education fall, 1938.","Hunter started Harvard Medical School fall, 1938 and graduated 1940; satisfied basic science requirements, but had limited clinical experience; had Dr. Stead, as instructor at the Boston City Hospital; rotated between 3 different hospitals; did surgical rotation at Brigham Young; worked with Dr. Gamble in the lab (this was his first move into research and lab work); co-authored a paper with Dr. Alfred Shoal on the development and method for measuring serum protein; began internship at the Presbyterian Hospital in New York, February, 1941; married in 1943.","Hunter graduated in 1940; completed internship, 1941-1944; completed residency in 1945. Dr. William Parson, Professor Emeritus, University of Virginia and Chairman of the Department of Medicine 1949-1966 joins Dr. Hunter and Dr. Hook in part 9. Both had interned at Presbyterian Hospital in New York. Parson was one year ahead of Hunter. Hunter was a \"pup\" for 3 months which involved doing procedures, testing, and lab work from the periphery. After 3 months Hunter rotated to surgery, took care of patients, did private service, worked on female and male wards. After attack on Pearl Harbor everyone went off to war. Hunter remained in the United States; married on March 7, 1943; completed residency in 1945; attended the Army Medical School, Walter Reed Hospital, and studied tropical medicine; travelled to Cost Rica where he observed poor patient care which impacted him deeply; became instructor in medicine at the College of Physicians and Surgery at Columbia University; worked with penicillin in the early days of development and manufacture; participated in human research; wrestled with ethical decisions regarding informed consent of the patient.","Hunter quickly assumed higher position and responsibilities at Columbia; received intense clinical experience during this time; described how Dr. Parson was instrumental in bringing Dr. Hunter to U.Va. as Chairman of Internal Medicine; visited UVA in 1952 and was impressed but still did not want the job; was re-invited to U.Va. to be the Dean; as Dean, built relationships with universities, medical schools, and the NIH; through relationship with the NIH and Ken Crispell, contributed to the expansion of the basic sciences buildings; regretted resisting expansion and fund raising during his years as dean; experienced hostility when he signed a document and agreed with Medicare during the Kennedy administration; traveled to South America to work and he was ousted from the deanship while away; became Chancellor in 1964; regretted not anticipating or respecting the roles of African-Americans and women in medicine, education, and leadership; worked to keep the medical school an integral part of the university.","Hunter earned a $2500.00 salary after finishing residency in 1947; decided he could not stay at the hospital; entered private practice where first annual salary was $13,000.00; traveled to South America for 6 weeks; worked in the United Fruit Company hospital where most patients were employees with various diseases and conditions; remained an instructor at Columbia, studying, investigating, and treating patients with penicillin from Pfizer; taught many nursing students; was contacted by Washington University in 1947; moved to Washington University in St. Louis in 1947 with wife, 2 children, elderly aunt and a maid; attended on the ward with no private practice; had his own lab where he could continue his work with penicillin; was promoted to Associate Professor of Medicine and Associate Dean; uncovered the synergy between penicillin and streptomycin (this discovery occurred while treating a patient).","Hunter was invited by Dr. Parsons in 1952 for job as the Dean of Medicine; though the School of Medicine was very small and poor, but had an excellent reputation for turning out reputable graduates. Hunter found the budget situation impossible to work with; was invited back to U.Va. after all candidates had been interviewed. Colgate Darden was the current president and was persuasive in convincing Hunter to come to U.Va. Hunter was attracted by the fact that the University was an old school with great assets. He viewed U.Va. as a relatively small, manageable, high quality academic setting not requiring a big administrative machine. Hunter's agenda included gaining financial support from the State Assembly, turning out more graduates on a slightly larger scale, accepting the cream-of-the-crop applicants, and providing better jobs and training. Hunter's first years were spent working with students, teaching, and being with patients. He did not come to U.Va. with aggressive ideas for building and growth.","Hunter arrived as Dean February, 1953; was 40 years old; had to work with an impossible budget; recieved a low salary; reported to the President of the University; was moved by the degree of growth and quality of the University; saw that there was a lot to be accomplished. There was a faculty of about 50-60 people and 76 students; almost all male; almost all white; from a wide geographic distribution. Hunter worked to break down the negative attitude of potential faculty recruits who saw U.Va. as poor, small, restricted, and provincial; agitated some because he did not want to build buildings, but build people; had a small lab in McKim and a grant during his first 7-10 years; worked on the chemical mechanism of penicillin on different states of organisms and antibacterial activities in other places and its effects in water, plants, and foreign bodies. Hunter's interests declined in the lab, and he became more excited by teaching. He focused on NIH, AAMC, international affairs, and ethics. This took him outside the University and has been attributed to putting the School of Medicine on the map. Hunter also had difficulties in the early years regarding racism and his \"color blindness,\" the Rose Garden affair (Medicare), and a speech he gave to a national gathering of pharmacologists blasting McCarthy.","Hunter's strongest supporters during this period were Dr. Parsons, Doug Eastwood, and Dave Smith. Hunter felt that the Dean had to balance obligation to the university and the department; emphasized a cooperative environment at the School of Medicine where people were comfortable together; did not realize how inadequate many of the facilities were and how the financial structure needed a boost from various sources; credits Ken Crispell with the vision that moved the School forward (Crispell obtained grants to construct buildings for the basic sciences); during this time was president of AAMC, served a 6 year tour at Harvard Board of Overseers, and worked with the NIH International Committee; conceded that his outside interests took up a lot of his time from the University; spent 1962-1963 in California and Colombia; became Chancellor for Medical Affairs in 1966; served as a member of the Center for Advanced Study; was involved with the Rose Garden Affair (Medicare).","Hunter temporarily re-located because of the reaction to his support of Medicare (the Rose Garden Affair); was invited by the Rockefeller Foundation and NIH to start a new international medical school program; relocated to California. The program sought to develop American-style medical schools abroad in key areas. Hunter describes the difficulties of implementing the program in Colombia; outlines reasons for its failure. Spring, 1963, Hunter suffered a collapsed lung and underwent surgery. Complications occurred and he was sent to Presbyterian Hospital in New York. Fall, 1963, Hunter, still recovering, returned to U.Va. and stepped down to become Chancellor of Medical Affairs.","Hunter discusses the separation of the School of Public Health and the School of Medicine; discusses reasons for his stepping down as Dean of the School of Medicine; became Chancellor of Medical Affairs (title was later changed to Vice President of Health Affairs with no change in responsibilities); in 1971 named Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science; no longer required to work in the framework of the administration.","Hunter clarifies points from previous interviews and discusses future topics of conversation; gives views on retirement (retired in 1981 at the age of 68); felt that he should retire so as not to be a \"financial drain\" on the institution; realizes that his time at UVA was a period where many changes were taking place across the country and at UVA in school structures, requirements, and financial support; was a member of several prestigious societies: Center for Advanced Studies, speaker at a seminar at the Centennial Meeting Of the Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Chair of the University Wide Purpose Committee, Distinguished Service Member of AAMC, President of AAMC, UVA Senate, and a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences; was instrumental in starting several Medical Schools: Brown, Morehouse College; Tufts; was awarded the Thomas Jefferson Award and the Raven Society Award.","Dr. Hook clarifies date and content of the letter of resignation written by Hunter on March 24, 1964 to Dr. Edgar Shannon. It was understood that Dr. Ken Crispell, who had been serving in the position as Acting Dean would be appointed as Dean of the Medical School on the same day. Also on March 24, 1964 Shannon made Hunter Chancellor. Crispell wanted to tighten up the Medical School administration and Hunter wanted to \"branch out\" into various areas of the SChool of Medicine and University. Hunter wanted to explore the national and international aspects of medical education. Crispell sent Hunter a letter on April 3, 1964 outlining the concerns he had with vacant positions due to illness and positions vacated by faculty for various reasons. Hunter and Crispell worked together identifying and recruiting people for the various vacant positions in the basic sciences. Hook then investigates Hunter's views on God, love, marriage, homosexuality, HIV/AIDS, and prostitution.","Dr. Norman Thornton is interviewed with Hunter and recalls times when Hunter was Dean and Chancellor and the Rose Garden Affair. Thornton was a U.Va. undergraduate in 1926; graduated in 1936; served 4 years in the military; was associated with U.Va. as a student and faculty member for 29 years; gives gave his views and discusses Hunter's years as Dean, sojourn to California, illness, return to dean after illness, resignation and appointment as chancellor; notes that since the beginning Hunter did not want administrative responsibilities. Hunter delegated to department heads; had an open door policy and provided help whenever he could, considering the poor budget; did not interfere with the department heads. Prominent figures in Hunter's office were John Stacy, who was in charge of the hospital and Vincent Shay who was in charge of getting financial support for the institution. Vincent Archer and Hank Mulholland were responsible for all political aspects of getting money from Richmond. Ken Crispell is given credit for putting U.Va. on the map because of his promotion of the basic sciences and building expansions.","Harlen was the administrative assistant when Hunter was Dean in 1953. Harlin verifies the history of Hunter as dean, chancellor, and Professor Emeritus; discusses the pressure from alumni to fire Hunter over his support of Medicare; states that Hunter was a born leader; discusses Hunter's personnel interactions and budget management. The interview reviews the relationships of faculty, Dean, Vice President, and administrators at U.Va.; management styles; politics and economics; enormous changes of women rights and equality.","Interview with Dr. Robert M. Berne and Hunter. Berne was Chairman of the Physiology Department 1966-1988; Professor Emeritus in 1994; was recruited by Hunter to head the Physiology Department; was impressed by the new buildings, funding and grants available for renovations, and availability of new equipment and personnel. Most of Berne's contact was with Ken Crispell. They discuss overall lack of funding in light of inflation, researcher salaries, and decline in support from the state.","Dr. Hook and Dr. Leo S. Falk are with Dr. Hunter at his home in Cismont, VA. Dr. Hunter is in poor health, confined to his bed; is thankful for a fulfilling life; expresses a desire to be let \"out of the trap he finds himself in\"; reminisces and gives short bio of his life; cannot understand why people are delaying his death; has no interest in prolonging his existence; asks Dr. Hook to provide a morphine drip and let him peacefully slip away; discusses the topic of personal suicide, physician assisted suicide, and the legalities involved; asks Hook to \"arrange for me to be allowed to have an appropriate exit.\" Dr. Thomas Hunter died October 23, 1997.","Dr. Hook and Dr. Hunter discuss terminal illness and dying. Hunter has selected Hook to take care of medical decisions regarding his death when Hunter becomes incapable; does not want his wife to be burdened; discusses quality of life; emphasizes trust when selecting someone to make decisions regarding life support, resuscitation, withdrawing medications, etc.; felt that he was dying when he was in California; accepted it emotionally that he was dying; was not frightened by death. Hook and Hunter agree that patients with terminal illness are isolated. There should be care expanded to patients who know they do not have long to live. Today's medicine is so advanced; prolongs the biological life as long as the vital processes are going on. Lawyers and others are taking over all decisions in many cases. Jonathan Mednick, filmmaker; Margot White, producer","Interview with Dr. Hook and Hunter. Dr. Hunter is in poor health; discusses his quality of life and desire to be \"allowed to die\"; expresses feelings about Hook's refusal to assist in suicide; discusses his legacy and how he wants to be remembered after death; shares thoughts about possible suicide of father and grandfather; expresses pride in his grandson. After the interview, Hook records his own thoughts about Hunter's views on the topics of personal suicide and physician assisted suicide."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions"],"names_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library"],"corpname_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":4038,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:48:36.769Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521_c377"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521_c374","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"1938--MEMORABILIA","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521_c374#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521_c374","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521_c374"],"id":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521_c374","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115","_root_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521","parent_ssim":["viu_repositories_7_resources_115","viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_7_resources_115","viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers","HUNTER ADDITION"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers","HUNTER ADDITION"],"text":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers","HUNTER ADDITION","1938--MEMORABILIA","box 09","folder 19"],"title_filing_ssi":"1938--MEMORABILIA","title_ssm":["1938--MEMORABILIA"],"title_tesim":["1938--MEMORABILIA"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1938"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1938"],"normalized_title_ssm":["1938--MEMORABILIA"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":3895,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions"],"date_range_isim":[1938],"containers_ssim":["box 09","folder 19"],"_nest_path_":"/components#3520/components#373","timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:48:36.769Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115","_root_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_7_resources_115.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/100","title_ssm":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers"],"title_tesim":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1934-1995"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1934-1995"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.4","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/115"],"text":["MS.4","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/115","The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers","Hunter main collection of career papers and assorted objects: 118 boxes, 13 cm x 39.5 cm x 26.5\n\n\nHunter addition of mainly family correspondence and memorabilia and interviews with Hunter from 1993 to 1997: 15 boxes, 14 boxes are 13 cm x 39.5 cm x 26.5 cm, 1 box is 27 cm x 33 cm x 41 cm.","There are no restrictions.","\nThomas Harrison Hunter was born in Chicago on October 12, 1913. Despite a childhood bout with polio that left him on crutches from the age of seven, Hunter was a coxswain on the crew teams at both Harvard and Cambridge, where he was a Henry Fellow at Trinity Hall. He completed his medical education at Harvard Medical School.\n","\nDuring his internship and residency training at Columbia University Presbyterian Hospital in New York, Hunter began the clinical research that would lead to a dual antibiotic treatment for bacterial endocarditis, an infection of the heart's lining and valves that had previously been uniformly fatal.\n","\nHunter was Dean of the University of Virginia School of Medicine from 1953 to 1965, Chancellor for Medical Affairs from 1965 to 1970, and Vice President for Medical Affairs from 1970 to 1971. In 1970 he received the Thomas Jefferson Award, the highest honor bestowed by the University of Virginia. In 1973 he received the Raven Award for excellence in service and contribution to the University. In 1971 Hunter was named Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science, co-founding the model Program in Human Biology and Society with Joseph Fletcher. In addition he served as President of the American Association of Medical Colleges (AAMC) and Treasurer of the Pan American Federation of Associations of Medical Schools (PAFAMS), of which he was a founder.\n","\nThomas H. Hunter was deeply interested in international medicine, arguing that health and medicine provide a uniquely powerful bridge to international understanding. In his presidential address to the AAMC in 1960, Hunter called the attention of the United States medical community to its opportunities and responsibilities in other countries. Accompanied by his wife, Anne Fulcher Hunter and their five children, Hunter spent a year teaching in Cali, Colombia as a representative of the Rockefeller Foundation. He also worked and taught in Egypt, Venezuela, Tunisia, Kenya, Cameroon, Chile, and Brazil. The Thomas H. Hunter Professorship of International Medicine was established in 1989 by the University of Virginia Medical School.\n","\nThroughout his career, Thomas H. Hunter served in an advisory capacity to numerous medical schools in the United States and was a pioneer in the field of bioethics. His life was characterized by the promulgation of scientific excellence combined with human compassion. Thomas H. Hunter died on October 23, 1997 at his home in Cismont, Virginia.\n","Processed by: Historical Collections Staff","Finding Aid by M. Alison White","\nThe Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers comprises 118 boxes of official correspondence, statistical reports, ledgers and appointment books, photographs, medals and certificates, student notebooks, conference booklets, reprints of scientific and administrative articles, microscope slides, cassettes, and videotapes.\n","\nThe Hunter Addition to the Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers consists of fourteen boxes of personal papers which complement the original collection.\n","These videos document a series of interviews with Dr. Thomas H. Hunter conducted by Dr. Edward W. Hook. The subject matter is biographical, with special emphasis on Dr. Hunter's experiences as Dean of the University of Virginia School of Medicine, Chancellor of Medical affairs, and Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science.","Hunter describes parents, grandparents, uncles, parents' divorce, transportation of that era, family finances, and his childhood before polio.","Hunter describes effects of polio; living with his mother in Boston while receiving treatment; remarriage of mother; spending summers in Niles, Michigan; school years; classmates that became life-long friends; participating on the rowing team; not being considered \"a cripple.\"","Hunter describes \"no books, no God\"; superstition about the number 13; polio and the possible cause; polio treatment; career choices; father, mother, grandfathers, and Aunt Jesse; summers in Niles, Michigan; schools, headmasters and classmates; importance of participating on rowing team despite being disabled in that era.","\nVideo concludes with Photographs of family, friends and Dr. Hunter at various ages. Images show: Grandfather Hunter; Florence (Patchen) Hunter, grandmother; father in office, the early years before marriage; father smoking a pipe in front of a mirror; Aunt Jesse (devoted herself to 4 generations of Hunter men, never married, and lived with Dr. Hunter until her death); Hunter's mother and him as an infant; Uncle on mother's side; Hunter as an infant; Hunter and mother at approximate age of 2 l/2 - 3 years old; Hunter in wagon, about 3 years old; Barron Lake with grandfather and Aunt Jesse; Hunter on tricycle, about 4 years old; Hunter working with grandfather on farm in Niles, Michigan, about 5-6 years old; Hunter with father at about 5; Hunter with wagon and horse, which belonged to the neighbor; Uncle LeMont, father, and Hunter, first year after polio in 1922 at Barron Lake house; Hunter on crutches at the Niles, Michigan home; Class of Belmont Hill, Boston; Mother at a much later date; Hunter 9 - 11 years old; Hunter, 21 years old, an undergraduate at Harvard, about 1934.\n","Hunter describes his years at Bellmont Hill School, Boston, as the formative days of his childhood. He is very thankful for the time, events, and people of these years at this school; thought of headmasters and friends as his family; was a Monday thru Friday boarder and home on weekends; participated in rowing, tennis, golf and the football team; won prizes in French and Latin and the School Medal; learned the value of team effort; became aware of his polio and its residual damage, but accepted it and incorporated it into his life.","Hunter describes majoring in Psychology and Philosophy; financing his education through scholarships and employment; the pros and cons of Harvard University; his experiences on the honors bracket, student council, as officer of the class, as member of the Signet Society, and playing golf; his favorite courses in the fine arts.","Hunter graduated from Harvard and traveled by sea to England; was assigned a room at the Inner Court of Trinity Hall; received the Henry Fellowship for 1 year; stayed at Cambridge for 3 years; was coxswain on the rowing team; received the Henry Fellowship his second year; continued rowing in year three and received his \"blue\" (letter) on the varsity team; studied and worked all year with no exams; completed oral examinations for a week at the end of the year.","Hunter prepared for studying medicine at Harvard. Courses of study included anatomy, biochemistry, physiology, pharmacology, pathology, and organic chemistry. Students were assigned a tutor who oversaw the college, economic, and cultural life of the student. Hunter departed from Cambridge in 1938; was \"very obtuse to the menace of Hitler and war and never got the full impact of the war\" until much later; returned to Harvard to pursue medical education fall, 1938.","Hunter started Harvard Medical School fall, 1938 and graduated 1940; satisfied basic science requirements, but had limited clinical experience; had Dr. Stead, as instructor at the Boston City Hospital; rotated between 3 different hospitals; did surgical rotation at Brigham Young; worked with Dr. Gamble in the lab (this was his first move into research and lab work); co-authored a paper with Dr. Alfred Shoal on the development and method for measuring serum protein; began internship at the Presbyterian Hospital in New York, February, 1941; married in 1943.","Hunter graduated in 1940; completed internship, 1941-1944; completed residency in 1945. Dr. William Parson, Professor Emeritus, University of Virginia and Chairman of the Department of Medicine 1949-1966 joins Dr. Hunter and Dr. Hook in part 9. Both had interned at Presbyterian Hospital in New York. Parson was one year ahead of Hunter. Hunter was a \"pup\" for 3 months which involved doing procedures, testing, and lab work from the periphery. After 3 months Hunter rotated to surgery, took care of patients, did private service, worked on female and male wards. After attack on Pearl Harbor everyone went off to war. Hunter remained in the United States; married on March 7, 1943; completed residency in 1945; attended the Army Medical School, Walter Reed Hospital, and studied tropical medicine; travelled to Cost Rica where he observed poor patient care which impacted him deeply; became instructor in medicine at the College of Physicians and Surgery at Columbia University; worked with penicillin in the early days of development and manufacture; participated in human research; wrestled with ethical decisions regarding informed consent of the patient.","Hunter quickly assumed higher position and responsibilities at Columbia; received intense clinical experience during this time; described how Dr. Parson was instrumental in bringing Dr. Hunter to U.Va. as Chairman of Internal Medicine; visited UVA in 1952 and was impressed but still did not want the job; was re-invited to U.Va. to be the Dean; as Dean, built relationships with universities, medical schools, and the NIH; through relationship with the NIH and Ken Crispell, contributed to the expansion of the basic sciences buildings; regretted resisting expansion and fund raising during his years as dean; experienced hostility when he signed a document and agreed with Medicare during the Kennedy administration; traveled to South America to work and he was ousted from the deanship while away; became Chancellor in 1964; regretted not anticipating or respecting the roles of African-Americans and women in medicine, education, and leadership; worked to keep the medical school an integral part of the university.","Hunter earned a $2500.00 salary after finishing residency in 1947; decided he could not stay at the hospital; entered private practice where first annual salary was $13,000.00; traveled to South America for 6 weeks; worked in the United Fruit Company hospital where most patients were employees with various diseases and conditions; remained an instructor at Columbia, studying, investigating, and treating patients with penicillin from Pfizer; taught many nursing students; was contacted by Washington University in 1947; moved to Washington University in St. Louis in 1947 with wife, 2 children, elderly aunt and a maid; attended on the ward with no private practice; had his own lab where he could continue his work with penicillin; was promoted to Associate Professor of Medicine and Associate Dean; uncovered the synergy between penicillin and streptomycin (this discovery occurred while treating a patient).","Hunter was invited by Dr. Parsons in 1952 for job as the Dean of Medicine; though the School of Medicine was very small and poor, but had an excellent reputation for turning out reputable graduates. Hunter found the budget situation impossible to work with; was invited back to U.Va. after all candidates had been interviewed. Colgate Darden was the current president and was persuasive in convincing Hunter to come to U.Va. Hunter was attracted by the fact that the University was an old school with great assets. He viewed U.Va. as a relatively small, manageable, high quality academic setting not requiring a big administrative machine. Hunter's agenda included gaining financial support from the State Assembly, turning out more graduates on a slightly larger scale, accepting the cream-of-the-crop applicants, and providing better jobs and training. Hunter's first years were spent working with students, teaching, and being with patients. He did not come to U.Va. with aggressive ideas for building and growth.","Hunter arrived as Dean February, 1953; was 40 years old; had to work with an impossible budget; recieved a low salary; reported to the President of the University; was moved by the degree of growth and quality of the University; saw that there was a lot to be accomplished. There was a faculty of about 50-60 people and 76 students; almost all male; almost all white; from a wide geographic distribution. Hunter worked to break down the negative attitude of potential faculty recruits who saw U.Va. as poor, small, restricted, and provincial; agitated some because he did not want to build buildings, but build people; had a small lab in McKim and a grant during his first 7-10 years; worked on the chemical mechanism of penicillin on different states of organisms and antibacterial activities in other places and its effects in water, plants, and foreign bodies. Hunter's interests declined in the lab, and he became more excited by teaching. He focused on NIH, AAMC, international affairs, and ethics. This took him outside the University and has been attributed to putting the School of Medicine on the map. Hunter also had difficulties in the early years regarding racism and his \"color blindness,\" the Rose Garden affair (Medicare), and a speech he gave to a national gathering of pharmacologists blasting McCarthy.","Hunter's strongest supporters during this period were Dr. Parsons, Doug Eastwood, and Dave Smith. Hunter felt that the Dean had to balance obligation to the university and the department; emphasized a cooperative environment at the School of Medicine where people were comfortable together; did not realize how inadequate many of the facilities were and how the financial structure needed a boost from various sources; credits Ken Crispell with the vision that moved the School forward (Crispell obtained grants to construct buildings for the basic sciences); during this time was president of AAMC, served a 6 year tour at Harvard Board of Overseers, and worked with the NIH International Committee; conceded that his outside interests took up a lot of his time from the University; spent 1962-1963 in California and Colombia; became Chancellor for Medical Affairs in 1966; served as a member of the Center for Advanced Study; was involved with the Rose Garden Affair (Medicare).","Hunter temporarily re-located because of the reaction to his support of Medicare (the Rose Garden Affair); was invited by the Rockefeller Foundation and NIH to start a new international medical school program; relocated to California. The program sought to develop American-style medical schools abroad in key areas. Hunter describes the difficulties of implementing the program in Colombia; outlines reasons for its failure. Spring, 1963, Hunter suffered a collapsed lung and underwent surgery. Complications occurred and he was sent to Presbyterian Hospital in New York. Fall, 1963, Hunter, still recovering, returned to U.Va. and stepped down to become Chancellor of Medical Affairs.","Hunter discusses the separation of the School of Public Health and the School of Medicine; discusses reasons for his stepping down as Dean of the School of Medicine; became Chancellor of Medical Affairs (title was later changed to Vice President of Health Affairs with no change in responsibilities); in 1971 named Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science; no longer required to work in the framework of the administration.","Hunter clarifies points from previous interviews and discusses future topics of conversation; gives views on retirement (retired in 1981 at the age of 68); felt that he should retire so as not to be a \"financial drain\" on the institution; realizes that his time at UVA was a period where many changes were taking place across the country and at UVA in school structures, requirements, and financial support; was a member of several prestigious societies: Center for Advanced Studies, speaker at a seminar at the Centennial Meeting Of the Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Chair of the University Wide Purpose Committee, Distinguished Service Member of AAMC, President of AAMC, UVA Senate, and a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences; was instrumental in starting several Medical Schools: Brown, Morehouse College; Tufts; was awarded the Thomas Jefferson Award and the Raven Society Award.","Dr. Hook clarifies date and content of the letter of resignation written by Hunter on March 24, 1964 to Dr. Edgar Shannon. It was understood that Dr. Ken Crispell, who had been serving in the position as Acting Dean would be appointed as Dean of the Medical School on the same day. Also on March 24, 1964 Shannon made Hunter Chancellor. Crispell wanted to tighten up the Medical School administration and Hunter wanted to \"branch out\" into various areas of the SChool of Medicine and University. Hunter wanted to explore the national and international aspects of medical education. Crispell sent Hunter a letter on April 3, 1964 outlining the concerns he had with vacant positions due to illness and positions vacated by faculty for various reasons. Hunter and Crispell worked together identifying and recruiting people for the various vacant positions in the basic sciences. Hook then investigates Hunter's views on God, love, marriage, homosexuality, HIV/AIDS, and prostitution.","Dr. Norman Thornton is interviewed with Hunter and recalls times when Hunter was Dean and Chancellor and the Rose Garden Affair. Thornton was a U.Va. undergraduate in 1926; graduated in 1936; served 4 years in the military; was associated with U.Va. as a student and faculty member for 29 years; gives gave his views and discusses Hunter's years as Dean, sojourn to California, illness, return to dean after illness, resignation and appointment as chancellor; notes that since the beginning Hunter did not want administrative responsibilities. Hunter delegated to department heads; had an open door policy and provided help whenever he could, considering the poor budget; did not interfere with the department heads. Prominent figures in Hunter's office were John Stacy, who was in charge of the hospital and Vincent Shay who was in charge of getting financial support for the institution. Vincent Archer and Hank Mulholland were responsible for all political aspects of getting money from Richmond. Ken Crispell is given credit for putting U.Va. on the map because of his promotion of the basic sciences and building expansions.","Harlen was the administrative assistant when Hunter was Dean in 1953. Harlin verifies the history of Hunter as dean, chancellor, and Professor Emeritus; discusses the pressure from alumni to fire Hunter over his support of Medicare; states that Hunter was a born leader; discusses Hunter's personnel interactions and budget management. The interview reviews the relationships of faculty, Dean, Vice President, and administrators at U.Va.; management styles; politics and economics; enormous changes of women rights and equality.","Interview with Dr. Robert M. Berne and Hunter. Berne was Chairman of the Physiology Department 1966-1988; Professor Emeritus in 1994; was recruited by Hunter to head the Physiology Department; was impressed by the new buildings, funding and grants available for renovations, and availability of new equipment and personnel. Most of Berne's contact was with Ken Crispell. They discuss overall lack of funding in light of inflation, researcher salaries, and decline in support from the state.","Dr. Hook and Dr. Leo S. Falk are with Dr. Hunter at his home in Cismont, VA. Dr. Hunter is in poor health, confined to his bed; is thankful for a fulfilling life; expresses a desire to be let \"out of the trap he finds himself in\"; reminisces and gives short bio of his life; cannot understand why people are delaying his death; has no interest in prolonging his existence; asks Dr. Hook to provide a morphine drip and let him peacefully slip away; discusses the topic of personal suicide, physician assisted suicide, and the legalities involved; asks Hook to \"arrange for me to be allowed to have an appropriate exit.\" Dr. Thomas Hunter died October 23, 1997.","Dr. Hook and Dr. Hunter discuss terminal illness and dying. Hunter has selected Hook to take care of medical decisions regarding his death when Hunter becomes incapable; does not want his wife to be burdened; discusses quality of life; emphasizes trust when selecting someone to make decisions regarding life support, resuscitation, withdrawing medications, etc.; felt that he was dying when he was in California; accepted it emotionally that he was dying; was not frightened by death. Hook and Hunter agree that patients with terminal illness are isolated. There should be care expanded to patients who know they do not have long to live. Today's medicine is so advanced; prolongs the biological life as long as the vital processes are going on. Lawyers and others are taking over all decisions in many cases. Jonathan Mednick, filmmaker; Margot White, producer","Interview with Dr. Hook and Hunter. Dr. Hunter is in poor health; discusses his quality of life and desire to be \"allowed to die\"; expresses feelings about Hook's refusal to assist in suicide; discusses his legacy and how he wants to be remembered after death; shares thoughts about possible suicide of father and grandfather; expresses pride in his grandson. After the interview, Hook records his own thoughts about Hunter's views on the topics of personal suicide and physician assisted suicide.","There are no restrictions","Claude Moore Health Sciences Library","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.4","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/115"],"normalized_title_ssm":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers"],"collection_ssim":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Hunter main collection of career papers and assorted objects: 118 boxes, 13 cm x 39.5 cm x 26.5\n\n\nHunter addition of mainly family correspondence and memorabilia and interviews with Hunter from 1993 to 1997: 15 boxes, 14 boxes are 13 cm x 39.5 cm x 26.5 cm, 1 box is 27 cm x 33 cm x 41 cm."],"extent_ssm":["56 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["56 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nThomas Harrison Hunter was born in Chicago on October 12, 1913. Despite a childhood bout with polio that left him on crutches from the age of seven, Hunter was a coxswain on the crew teams at both Harvard and Cambridge, where he was a Henry Fellow at Trinity Hall. He completed his medical education at Harvard Medical School.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nDuring his internship and residency training at Columbia University Presbyterian Hospital in New York, Hunter began the clinical research that would lead to a dual antibiotic treatment for bacterial endocarditis, an infection of the heart's lining and valves that had previously been uniformly fatal.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nHunter was Dean of the University of Virginia School of Medicine from 1953 to 1965, Chancellor for Medical Affairs from 1965 to 1970, and Vice President for Medical Affairs from 1970 to 1971. In 1970 he received the Thomas Jefferson Award, the highest honor bestowed by the University of Virginia. In 1973 he received the Raven Award for excellence in service and contribution to the University. In 1971 Hunter was named Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science, co-founding the model Program in Human Biology and Society with Joseph Fletcher. In addition he served as President of the American Association of Medical Colleges (AAMC) and Treasurer of the Pan American Federation of Associations of Medical Schools (PAFAMS), of which he was a founder.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThomas H. Hunter was deeply interested in international medicine, arguing that health and medicine provide a uniquely powerful bridge to international understanding. In his presidential address to the AAMC in 1960, Hunter called the attention of the United States medical community to its opportunities and responsibilities in other countries. Accompanied by his wife, Anne Fulcher Hunter and their five children, Hunter spent a year teaching in Cali, Colombia as a representative of the Rockefeller Foundation. He also worked and taught in Egypt, Venezuela, Tunisia, Kenya, Cameroon, Chile, and Brazil. The Thomas H. Hunter Professorship of International Medicine was established in 1989 by the University of Virginia Medical School.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThroughout his career, Thomas H. Hunter served in an advisory capacity to numerous medical schools in the United States and was a pioneer in the field of bioethics. His life was characterized by the promulgation of scientific excellence combined with human compassion. Thomas H. Hunter died on October 23, 1997 at his home in Cismont, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["\nThomas Harrison Hunter was born in Chicago on October 12, 1913. Despite a childhood bout with polio that left him on crutches from the age of seven, Hunter was a coxswain on the crew teams at both Harvard and Cambridge, where he was a Henry Fellow at Trinity Hall. He completed his medical education at Harvard Medical School.\n","\nDuring his internship and residency training at Columbia University Presbyterian Hospital in New York, Hunter began the clinical research that would lead to a dual antibiotic treatment for bacterial endocarditis, an infection of the heart's lining and valves that had previously been uniformly fatal.\n","\nHunter was Dean of the University of Virginia School of Medicine from 1953 to 1965, Chancellor for Medical Affairs from 1965 to 1970, and Vice President for Medical Affairs from 1970 to 1971. In 1970 he received the Thomas Jefferson Award, the highest honor bestowed by the University of Virginia. In 1973 he received the Raven Award for excellence in service and contribution to the University. In 1971 Hunter was named Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science, co-founding the model Program in Human Biology and Society with Joseph Fletcher. In addition he served as President of the American Association of Medical Colleges (AAMC) and Treasurer of the Pan American Federation of Associations of Medical Schools (PAFAMS), of which he was a founder.\n","\nThomas H. Hunter was deeply interested in international medicine, arguing that health and medicine provide a uniquely powerful bridge to international understanding. In his presidential address to the AAMC in 1960, Hunter called the attention of the United States medical community to its opportunities and responsibilities in other countries. Accompanied by his wife, Anne Fulcher Hunter and their five children, Hunter spent a year teaching in Cali, Colombia as a representative of the Rockefeller Foundation. He also worked and taught in Egypt, Venezuela, Tunisia, Kenya, Cameroon, Chile, and Brazil. The Thomas H. Hunter Professorship of International Medicine was established in 1989 by the University of Virginia Medical School.\n","\nThroughout his career, Thomas H. Hunter served in an advisory capacity to numerous medical schools in the United States and was a pioneer in the field of bioethics. His life was characterized by the promulgation of scientific excellence combined with human compassion. Thomas H. Hunter died on October 23, 1997 at his home in Cismont, Virginia.\n"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eProcessed by:\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eHistorical Collections Staff\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["Processed by: Historical Collections Staff"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers, MS-4, Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, Historical Collections and Services, University of Virginia\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers, MS-4, Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, Historical Collections and Services, University of Virginia"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFinding Aid by M. Alison White\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Finding Aid by M. Alison White"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nThe Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers comprises 118 boxes of official correspondence, statistical reports, ledgers and appointment books, photographs, medals and certificates, student notebooks, conference booklets, reprints of scientific and administrative articles, microscope slides, cassettes, and videotapes.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Hunter Addition to the Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers consists of fourteen boxes of personal papers which complement the original collection.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese videos document a series of interviews with Dr. Thomas H. Hunter conducted by Dr. Edward W. Hook. The subject matter is biographical, with special emphasis on Dr. Hunter's experiences as Dean of the University of Virginia School of Medicine, Chancellor of Medical affairs, and Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter describes parents, grandparents, uncles, parents' divorce, transportation of that era, family finances, and his childhood before polio.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter describes effects of polio; living with his mother in Boston while receiving treatment; remarriage of mother; spending summers in Niles, Michigan; school years; classmates that became life-long friends; participating on the rowing team; not being considered \"a cripple.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter describes \"no books, no God\"; superstition about the number 13; polio and the possible cause; polio treatment; career choices; father, mother, grandfathers, and Aunt Jesse; summers in Niles, Michigan; schools, headmasters and classmates; importance of participating on rowing team despite being disabled in that era.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nVideo concludes with Photographs of family, friends and Dr. Hunter at various ages. Images show: Grandfather Hunter; Florence (Patchen) Hunter, grandmother; father in office, the early years before marriage; father smoking a pipe in front of a mirror; Aunt Jesse (devoted herself to 4 generations of Hunter men, never married, and lived with Dr. Hunter until her death); Hunter's mother and him as an infant; Uncle on mother's side; Hunter as an infant; Hunter and mother at approximate age of 2 l/2 - 3 years old; Hunter in wagon, about 3 years old; Barron Lake with grandfather and Aunt Jesse; Hunter on tricycle, about 4 years old; Hunter working with grandfather on farm in Niles, Michigan, about 5-6 years old; Hunter with father at about 5; Hunter with wagon and horse, which belonged to the neighbor; Uncle LeMont, father, and Hunter, first year after polio in 1922 at Barron Lake house; Hunter on crutches at the Niles, Michigan home; Class of Belmont Hill, Boston; Mother at a much later date; Hunter 9 - 11 years old; Hunter, 21 years old, an undergraduate at Harvard, about 1934.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter describes his years at Bellmont Hill School, Boston, as the formative days of his childhood. He is very thankful for the time, events, and people of these years at this school; thought of headmasters and friends as his family; was a Monday thru Friday boarder and home on weekends; participated in rowing, tennis, golf and the football team; won prizes in French and Latin and the School Medal; learned the value of team effort; became aware of his polio and its residual damage, but accepted it and incorporated it into his life.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter describes majoring in Psychology and Philosophy; financing his education through scholarships and employment; the pros and cons of Harvard University; his experiences on the honors bracket, student council, as officer of the class, as member of the Signet Society, and playing golf; his favorite courses in the fine arts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter graduated from Harvard and traveled by sea to England; was assigned a room at the Inner Court of Trinity Hall; received the Henry Fellowship for 1 year; stayed at Cambridge for 3 years; was coxswain on the rowing team; received the Henry Fellowship his second year; continued rowing in year three and received his \"blue\" (letter) on the varsity team; studied and worked all year with no exams; completed oral examinations for a week at the end of the year.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter prepared for studying medicine at Harvard. Courses of study included anatomy, biochemistry, physiology, pharmacology, pathology, and organic chemistry. Students were assigned a tutor who oversaw the college, economic, and cultural life of the student. Hunter departed from Cambridge in 1938; was \"very obtuse to the menace of Hitler and war and never got the full impact of the war\" until much later; returned to Harvard to pursue medical education fall, 1938.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter started Harvard Medical School fall, 1938 and graduated 1940; satisfied basic science requirements, but had limited clinical experience; had Dr. Stead, as instructor at the Boston City Hospital; rotated between 3 different hospitals; did surgical rotation at Brigham Young; worked with Dr. Gamble in the lab (this was his first move into research and lab work); co-authored a paper with Dr. Alfred Shoal on the development and method for measuring serum protein; began internship at the Presbyterian Hospital in New York, February, 1941; married in 1943.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter graduated in 1940; completed internship, 1941-1944; completed residency in 1945. Dr. William Parson, Professor Emeritus, University of Virginia and Chairman of the Department of Medicine 1949-1966 joins Dr. Hunter and Dr. Hook in part 9. Both had interned at Presbyterian Hospital in New York. Parson was one year ahead of Hunter. Hunter was a \"pup\" for 3 months which involved doing procedures, testing, and lab work from the periphery. After 3 months Hunter rotated to surgery, took care of patients, did private service, worked on female and male wards. After attack on Pearl Harbor everyone went off to war. Hunter remained in the United States; married on March 7, 1943; completed residency in 1945; attended the Army Medical School, Walter Reed Hospital, and studied tropical medicine; travelled to Cost Rica where he observed poor patient care which impacted him deeply; became instructor in medicine at the College of Physicians and Surgery at Columbia University; worked with penicillin in the early days of development and manufacture; participated in human research; wrestled with ethical decisions regarding informed consent of the patient.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter quickly assumed higher position and responsibilities at Columbia; received intense clinical experience during this time; described how Dr. Parson was instrumental in bringing Dr. Hunter to U.Va. as Chairman of Internal Medicine; visited UVA in 1952 and was impressed but still did not want the job; was re-invited to U.Va. to be the Dean; as Dean, built relationships with universities, medical schools, and the NIH; through relationship with the NIH and Ken Crispell, contributed to the expansion of the basic sciences buildings; regretted resisting expansion and fund raising during his years as dean; experienced hostility when he signed a document and agreed with Medicare during the Kennedy administration; traveled to South America to work and he was ousted from the deanship while away; became Chancellor in 1964; regretted not anticipating or respecting the roles of African-Americans and women in medicine, education, and leadership; worked to keep the medical school an integral part of the university.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter earned a $2500.00 salary after finishing residency in 1947; decided he could not stay at the hospital; entered private practice where first annual salary was $13,000.00; traveled to South America for 6 weeks; worked in the United Fruit Company hospital where most patients were employees with various diseases and conditions; remained an instructor at Columbia, studying, investigating, and treating patients with penicillin from Pfizer; taught many nursing students; was contacted by Washington University in 1947; moved to Washington University in St. Louis in 1947 with wife, 2 children, elderly aunt and a maid; attended on the ward with no private practice; had his own lab where he could continue his work with penicillin; was promoted to Associate Professor of Medicine and Associate Dean; uncovered the synergy between penicillin and streptomycin (this discovery occurred while treating a patient).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter was invited by Dr. Parsons in 1952 for job as the Dean of Medicine; though the School of Medicine was very small and poor, but had an excellent reputation for turning out reputable graduates. Hunter found the budget situation impossible to work with; was invited back to U.Va. after all candidates had been interviewed. Colgate Darden was the current president and was persuasive in convincing Hunter to come to U.Va. Hunter was attracted by the fact that the University was an old school with great assets. He viewed U.Va. as a relatively small, manageable, high quality academic setting not requiring a big administrative machine. Hunter's agenda included gaining financial support from the State Assembly, turning out more graduates on a slightly larger scale, accepting the cream-of-the-crop applicants, and providing better jobs and training. Hunter's first years were spent working with students, teaching, and being with patients. He did not come to U.Va. with aggressive ideas for building and growth.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter arrived as Dean February, 1953; was 40 years old; had to work with an impossible budget; recieved a low salary; reported to the President of the University; was moved by the degree of growth and quality of the University; saw that there was a lot to be accomplished. There was a faculty of about 50-60 people and 76 students; almost all male; almost all white; from a wide geographic distribution. Hunter worked to break down the negative attitude of potential faculty recruits who saw U.Va. as poor, small, restricted, and provincial; agitated some because he did not want to build buildings, but build people; had a small lab in McKim and a grant during his first 7-10 years; worked on the chemical mechanism of penicillin on different states of organisms and antibacterial activities in other places and its effects in water, plants, and foreign bodies. Hunter's interests declined in the lab, and he became more excited by teaching. He focused on NIH, AAMC, international affairs, and ethics. This took him outside the University and has been attributed to putting the School of Medicine on the map. Hunter also had difficulties in the early years regarding racism and his \"color blindness,\" the Rose Garden affair (Medicare), and a speech he gave to a national gathering of pharmacologists blasting McCarthy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter's strongest supporters during this period were Dr. Parsons, Doug Eastwood, and Dave Smith. Hunter felt that the Dean had to balance obligation to the university and the department; emphasized a cooperative environment at the School of Medicine where people were comfortable together; did not realize how inadequate many of the facilities were and how the financial structure needed a boost from various sources; credits Ken Crispell with the vision that moved the School forward (Crispell obtained grants to construct buildings for the basic sciences); during this time was president of AAMC, served a 6 year tour at Harvard Board of Overseers, and worked with the NIH International Committee; conceded that his outside interests took up a lot of his time from the University; spent 1962-1963 in California and Colombia; became Chancellor for Medical Affairs in 1966; served as a member of the Center for Advanced Study; was involved with the Rose Garden Affair (Medicare).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter temporarily re-located because of the reaction to his support of Medicare (the Rose Garden Affair); was invited by the Rockefeller Foundation and NIH to start a new international medical school program; relocated to California. The program sought to develop American-style medical schools abroad in key areas. Hunter describes the difficulties of implementing the program in Colombia; outlines reasons for its failure. Spring, 1963, Hunter suffered a collapsed lung and underwent surgery. Complications occurred and he was sent to Presbyterian Hospital in New York. Fall, 1963, Hunter, still recovering, returned to U.Va. and stepped down to become Chancellor of Medical Affairs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter discusses the separation of the School of Public Health and the School of Medicine; discusses reasons for his stepping down as Dean of the School of Medicine; became Chancellor of Medical Affairs (title was later changed to Vice President of Health Affairs with no change in responsibilities); in 1971 named Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science; no longer required to work in the framework of the administration.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter clarifies points from previous interviews and discusses future topics of conversation; gives views on retirement (retired in 1981 at the age of 68); felt that he should retire so as not to be a \"financial drain\" on the institution; realizes that his time at UVA was a period where many changes were taking place across the country and at UVA in school structures, requirements, and financial support; was a member of several prestigious societies: Center for Advanced Studies, speaker at a seminar at the Centennial Meeting Of the Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Chair of the University Wide Purpose Committee, Distinguished Service Member of AAMC, President of AAMC, UVA Senate, and a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences; was instrumental in starting several Medical Schools: Brown, Morehouse College; Tufts; was awarded the Thomas Jefferson Award and the Raven Society Award.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Hook clarifies date and content of the letter of resignation written by Hunter on March 24, 1964 to Dr. Edgar Shannon. It was understood that Dr. Ken Crispell, who had been serving in the position as Acting Dean would be appointed as Dean of the Medical School on the same day. Also on March 24, 1964 Shannon made Hunter Chancellor. Crispell wanted to tighten up the Medical School administration and Hunter wanted to \"branch out\" into various areas of the SChool of Medicine and University. Hunter wanted to explore the national and international aspects of medical education. Crispell sent Hunter a letter on April 3, 1964 outlining the concerns he had with vacant positions due to illness and positions vacated by faculty for various reasons. Hunter and Crispell worked together identifying and recruiting people for the various vacant positions in the basic sciences. Hook then investigates Hunter's views on God, love, marriage, homosexuality, HIV/AIDS, and prostitution.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Norman Thornton is interviewed with Hunter and recalls times when Hunter was Dean and Chancellor and the Rose Garden Affair. Thornton was a U.Va. undergraduate in 1926; graduated in 1936; served 4 years in the military; was associated with U.Va. as a student and faculty member for 29 years; gives gave his views and discusses Hunter's years as Dean, sojourn to California, illness, return to dean after illness, resignation and appointment as chancellor; notes that since the beginning Hunter did not want administrative responsibilities. Hunter delegated to department heads; had an open door policy and provided help whenever he could, considering the poor budget; did not interfere with the department heads. Prominent figures in Hunter's office were John Stacy, who was in charge of the hospital and Vincent Shay who was in charge of getting financial support for the institution. Vincent Archer and Hank Mulholland were responsible for all political aspects of getting money from Richmond. Ken Crispell is given credit for putting U.Va. on the map because of his promotion of the basic sciences and building expansions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarlen was the administrative assistant when Hunter was Dean in 1953. Harlin verifies the history of Hunter as dean, chancellor, and Professor Emeritus; discusses the pressure from alumni to fire Hunter over his support of Medicare; states that Hunter was a born leader; discusses Hunter's personnel interactions and budget management. The interview reviews the relationships of faculty, Dean, Vice President, and administrators at U.Va.; management styles; politics and economics; enormous changes of women rights and equality.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterview with Dr. Robert M. Berne and Hunter. Berne was Chairman of the Physiology Department 1966-1988; Professor Emeritus in 1994; was recruited by Hunter to head the Physiology Department; was impressed by the new buildings, funding and grants available for renovations, and availability of new equipment and personnel. Most of Berne's contact was with Ken Crispell. They discuss overall lack of funding in light of inflation, researcher salaries, and decline in support from the state.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Hook and Dr. Leo S. Falk are with Dr. Hunter at his home in Cismont, VA. Dr. Hunter is in poor health, confined to his bed; is thankful for a fulfilling life; expresses a desire to be let \"out of the trap he finds himself in\"; reminisces and gives short bio of his life; cannot understand why people are delaying his death; has no interest in prolonging his existence; asks Dr. Hook to provide a morphine drip and let him peacefully slip away; discusses the topic of personal suicide, physician assisted suicide, and the legalities involved; asks Hook to \"arrange for me to be allowed to have an appropriate exit.\" Dr. Thomas Hunter died October 23, 1997.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Hook and Dr. Hunter discuss terminal illness and dying. Hunter has selected Hook to take care of medical decisions regarding his death when Hunter becomes incapable; does not want his wife to be burdened; discusses quality of life; emphasizes trust when selecting someone to make decisions regarding life support, resuscitation, withdrawing medications, etc.; felt that he was dying when he was in California; accepted it emotionally that he was dying; was not frightened by death. Hook and Hunter agree that patients with terminal illness are isolated. There should be care expanded to patients who know they do not have long to live. Today's medicine is so advanced; prolongs the biological life as long as the vital processes are going on. Lawyers and others are taking over all decisions in many cases. Jonathan Mednick, filmmaker; Margot White, producer\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterview with Dr. Hook and Hunter. Dr. Hunter is in poor health; discusses his quality of life and desire to be \"allowed to die\"; expresses feelings about Hook's refusal to assist in suicide; discusses his legacy and how he wants to be remembered after death; shares thoughts about possible suicide of father and grandfather; expresses pride in his grandson. After the interview, Hook records his own thoughts about Hunter's views on the topics of personal suicide and physician assisted suicide.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["\nThe Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers comprises 118 boxes of official correspondence, statistical reports, ledgers and appointment books, photographs, medals and certificates, student notebooks, conference booklets, reprints of scientific and administrative articles, microscope slides, cassettes, and videotapes.\n","\nThe Hunter Addition to the Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers consists of fourteen boxes of personal papers which complement the original collection.\n","These videos document a series of interviews with Dr. Thomas H. Hunter conducted by Dr. Edward W. Hook. The subject matter is biographical, with special emphasis on Dr. Hunter's experiences as Dean of the University of Virginia School of Medicine, Chancellor of Medical affairs, and Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science.","Hunter describes parents, grandparents, uncles, parents' divorce, transportation of that era, family finances, and his childhood before polio.","Hunter describes effects of polio; living with his mother in Boston while receiving treatment; remarriage of mother; spending summers in Niles, Michigan; school years; classmates that became life-long friends; participating on the rowing team; not being considered \"a cripple.\"","Hunter describes \"no books, no God\"; superstition about the number 13; polio and the possible cause; polio treatment; career choices; father, mother, grandfathers, and Aunt Jesse; summers in Niles, Michigan; schools, headmasters and classmates; importance of participating on rowing team despite being disabled in that era.","\nVideo concludes with Photographs of family, friends and Dr. Hunter at various ages. Images show: Grandfather Hunter; Florence (Patchen) Hunter, grandmother; father in office, the early years before marriage; father smoking a pipe in front of a mirror; Aunt Jesse (devoted herself to 4 generations of Hunter men, never married, and lived with Dr. Hunter until her death); Hunter's mother and him as an infant; Uncle on mother's side; Hunter as an infant; Hunter and mother at approximate age of 2 l/2 - 3 years old; Hunter in wagon, about 3 years old; Barron Lake with grandfather and Aunt Jesse; Hunter on tricycle, about 4 years old; Hunter working with grandfather on farm in Niles, Michigan, about 5-6 years old; Hunter with father at about 5; Hunter with wagon and horse, which belonged to the neighbor; Uncle LeMont, father, and Hunter, first year after polio in 1922 at Barron Lake house; Hunter on crutches at the Niles, Michigan home; Class of Belmont Hill, Boston; Mother at a much later date; Hunter 9 - 11 years old; Hunter, 21 years old, an undergraduate at Harvard, about 1934.\n","Hunter describes his years at Bellmont Hill School, Boston, as the formative days of his childhood. He is very thankful for the time, events, and people of these years at this school; thought of headmasters and friends as his family; was a Monday thru Friday boarder and home on weekends; participated in rowing, tennis, golf and the football team; won prizes in French and Latin and the School Medal; learned the value of team effort; became aware of his polio and its residual damage, but accepted it and incorporated it into his life.","Hunter describes majoring in Psychology and Philosophy; financing his education through scholarships and employment; the pros and cons of Harvard University; his experiences on the honors bracket, student council, as officer of the class, as member of the Signet Society, and playing golf; his favorite courses in the fine arts.","Hunter graduated from Harvard and traveled by sea to England; was assigned a room at the Inner Court of Trinity Hall; received the Henry Fellowship for 1 year; stayed at Cambridge for 3 years; was coxswain on the rowing team; received the Henry Fellowship his second year; continued rowing in year three and received his \"blue\" (letter) on the varsity team; studied and worked all year with no exams; completed oral examinations for a week at the end of the year.","Hunter prepared for studying medicine at Harvard. Courses of study included anatomy, biochemistry, physiology, pharmacology, pathology, and organic chemistry. Students were assigned a tutor who oversaw the college, economic, and cultural life of the student. Hunter departed from Cambridge in 1938; was \"very obtuse to the menace of Hitler and war and never got the full impact of the war\" until much later; returned to Harvard to pursue medical education fall, 1938.","Hunter started Harvard Medical School fall, 1938 and graduated 1940; satisfied basic science requirements, but had limited clinical experience; had Dr. Stead, as instructor at the Boston City Hospital; rotated between 3 different hospitals; did surgical rotation at Brigham Young; worked with Dr. Gamble in the lab (this was his first move into research and lab work); co-authored a paper with Dr. Alfred Shoal on the development and method for measuring serum protein; began internship at the Presbyterian Hospital in New York, February, 1941; married in 1943.","Hunter graduated in 1940; completed internship, 1941-1944; completed residency in 1945. Dr. William Parson, Professor Emeritus, University of Virginia and Chairman of the Department of Medicine 1949-1966 joins Dr. Hunter and Dr. Hook in part 9. Both had interned at Presbyterian Hospital in New York. Parson was one year ahead of Hunter. Hunter was a \"pup\" for 3 months which involved doing procedures, testing, and lab work from the periphery. After 3 months Hunter rotated to surgery, took care of patients, did private service, worked on female and male wards. After attack on Pearl Harbor everyone went off to war. Hunter remained in the United States; married on March 7, 1943; completed residency in 1945; attended the Army Medical School, Walter Reed Hospital, and studied tropical medicine; travelled to Cost Rica where he observed poor patient care which impacted him deeply; became instructor in medicine at the College of Physicians and Surgery at Columbia University; worked with penicillin in the early days of development and manufacture; participated in human research; wrestled with ethical decisions regarding informed consent of the patient.","Hunter quickly assumed higher position and responsibilities at Columbia; received intense clinical experience during this time; described how Dr. Parson was instrumental in bringing Dr. Hunter to U.Va. as Chairman of Internal Medicine; visited UVA in 1952 and was impressed but still did not want the job; was re-invited to U.Va. to be the Dean; as Dean, built relationships with universities, medical schools, and the NIH; through relationship with the NIH and Ken Crispell, contributed to the expansion of the basic sciences buildings; regretted resisting expansion and fund raising during his years as dean; experienced hostility when he signed a document and agreed with Medicare during the Kennedy administration; traveled to South America to work and he was ousted from the deanship while away; became Chancellor in 1964; regretted not anticipating or respecting the roles of African-Americans and women in medicine, education, and leadership; worked to keep the medical school an integral part of the university.","Hunter earned a $2500.00 salary after finishing residency in 1947; decided he could not stay at the hospital; entered private practice where first annual salary was $13,000.00; traveled to South America for 6 weeks; worked in the United Fruit Company hospital where most patients were employees with various diseases and conditions; remained an instructor at Columbia, studying, investigating, and treating patients with penicillin from Pfizer; taught many nursing students; was contacted by Washington University in 1947; moved to Washington University in St. Louis in 1947 with wife, 2 children, elderly aunt and a maid; attended on the ward with no private practice; had his own lab where he could continue his work with penicillin; was promoted to Associate Professor of Medicine and Associate Dean; uncovered the synergy between penicillin and streptomycin (this discovery occurred while treating a patient).","Hunter was invited by Dr. Parsons in 1952 for job as the Dean of Medicine; though the School of Medicine was very small and poor, but had an excellent reputation for turning out reputable graduates. Hunter found the budget situation impossible to work with; was invited back to U.Va. after all candidates had been interviewed. Colgate Darden was the current president and was persuasive in convincing Hunter to come to U.Va. Hunter was attracted by the fact that the University was an old school with great assets. He viewed U.Va. as a relatively small, manageable, high quality academic setting not requiring a big administrative machine. Hunter's agenda included gaining financial support from the State Assembly, turning out more graduates on a slightly larger scale, accepting the cream-of-the-crop applicants, and providing better jobs and training. Hunter's first years were spent working with students, teaching, and being with patients. He did not come to U.Va. with aggressive ideas for building and growth.","Hunter arrived as Dean February, 1953; was 40 years old; had to work with an impossible budget; recieved a low salary; reported to the President of the University; was moved by the degree of growth and quality of the University; saw that there was a lot to be accomplished. There was a faculty of about 50-60 people and 76 students; almost all male; almost all white; from a wide geographic distribution. Hunter worked to break down the negative attitude of potential faculty recruits who saw U.Va. as poor, small, restricted, and provincial; agitated some because he did not want to build buildings, but build people; had a small lab in McKim and a grant during his first 7-10 years; worked on the chemical mechanism of penicillin on different states of organisms and antibacterial activities in other places and its effects in water, plants, and foreign bodies. Hunter's interests declined in the lab, and he became more excited by teaching. He focused on NIH, AAMC, international affairs, and ethics. This took him outside the University and has been attributed to putting the School of Medicine on the map. Hunter also had difficulties in the early years regarding racism and his \"color blindness,\" the Rose Garden affair (Medicare), and a speech he gave to a national gathering of pharmacologists blasting McCarthy.","Hunter's strongest supporters during this period were Dr. Parsons, Doug Eastwood, and Dave Smith. Hunter felt that the Dean had to balance obligation to the university and the department; emphasized a cooperative environment at the School of Medicine where people were comfortable together; did not realize how inadequate many of the facilities were and how the financial structure needed a boost from various sources; credits Ken Crispell with the vision that moved the School forward (Crispell obtained grants to construct buildings for the basic sciences); during this time was president of AAMC, served a 6 year tour at Harvard Board of Overseers, and worked with the NIH International Committee; conceded that his outside interests took up a lot of his time from the University; spent 1962-1963 in California and Colombia; became Chancellor for Medical Affairs in 1966; served as a member of the Center for Advanced Study; was involved with the Rose Garden Affair (Medicare).","Hunter temporarily re-located because of the reaction to his support of Medicare (the Rose Garden Affair); was invited by the Rockefeller Foundation and NIH to start a new international medical school program; relocated to California. The program sought to develop American-style medical schools abroad in key areas. Hunter describes the difficulties of implementing the program in Colombia; outlines reasons for its failure. Spring, 1963, Hunter suffered a collapsed lung and underwent surgery. Complications occurred and he was sent to Presbyterian Hospital in New York. Fall, 1963, Hunter, still recovering, returned to U.Va. and stepped down to become Chancellor of Medical Affairs.","Hunter discusses the separation of the School of Public Health and the School of Medicine; discusses reasons for his stepping down as Dean of the School of Medicine; became Chancellor of Medical Affairs (title was later changed to Vice President of Health Affairs with no change in responsibilities); in 1971 named Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science; no longer required to work in the framework of the administration.","Hunter clarifies points from previous interviews and discusses future topics of conversation; gives views on retirement (retired in 1981 at the age of 68); felt that he should retire so as not to be a \"financial drain\" on the institution; realizes that his time at UVA was a period where many changes were taking place across the country and at UVA in school structures, requirements, and financial support; was a member of several prestigious societies: Center for Advanced Studies, speaker at a seminar at the Centennial Meeting Of the Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Chair of the University Wide Purpose Committee, Distinguished Service Member of AAMC, President of AAMC, UVA Senate, and a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences; was instrumental in starting several Medical Schools: Brown, Morehouse College; Tufts; was awarded the Thomas Jefferson Award and the Raven Society Award.","Dr. Hook clarifies date and content of the letter of resignation written by Hunter on March 24, 1964 to Dr. Edgar Shannon. It was understood that Dr. Ken Crispell, who had been serving in the position as Acting Dean would be appointed as Dean of the Medical School on the same day. Also on March 24, 1964 Shannon made Hunter Chancellor. Crispell wanted to tighten up the Medical School administration and Hunter wanted to \"branch out\" into various areas of the SChool of Medicine and University. Hunter wanted to explore the national and international aspects of medical education. Crispell sent Hunter a letter on April 3, 1964 outlining the concerns he had with vacant positions due to illness and positions vacated by faculty for various reasons. Hunter and Crispell worked together identifying and recruiting people for the various vacant positions in the basic sciences. Hook then investigates Hunter's views on God, love, marriage, homosexuality, HIV/AIDS, and prostitution.","Dr. Norman Thornton is interviewed with Hunter and recalls times when Hunter was Dean and Chancellor and the Rose Garden Affair. Thornton was a U.Va. undergraduate in 1926; graduated in 1936; served 4 years in the military; was associated with U.Va. as a student and faculty member for 29 years; gives gave his views and discusses Hunter's years as Dean, sojourn to California, illness, return to dean after illness, resignation and appointment as chancellor; notes that since the beginning Hunter did not want administrative responsibilities. Hunter delegated to department heads; had an open door policy and provided help whenever he could, considering the poor budget; did not interfere with the department heads. Prominent figures in Hunter's office were John Stacy, who was in charge of the hospital and Vincent Shay who was in charge of getting financial support for the institution. Vincent Archer and Hank Mulholland were responsible for all political aspects of getting money from Richmond. Ken Crispell is given credit for putting U.Va. on the map because of his promotion of the basic sciences and building expansions.","Harlen was the administrative assistant when Hunter was Dean in 1953. Harlin verifies the history of Hunter as dean, chancellor, and Professor Emeritus; discusses the pressure from alumni to fire Hunter over his support of Medicare; states that Hunter was a born leader; discusses Hunter's personnel interactions and budget management. The interview reviews the relationships of faculty, Dean, Vice President, and administrators at U.Va.; management styles; politics and economics; enormous changes of women rights and equality.","Interview with Dr. Robert M. Berne and Hunter. Berne was Chairman of the Physiology Department 1966-1988; Professor Emeritus in 1994; was recruited by Hunter to head the Physiology Department; was impressed by the new buildings, funding and grants available for renovations, and availability of new equipment and personnel. Most of Berne's contact was with Ken Crispell. They discuss overall lack of funding in light of inflation, researcher salaries, and decline in support from the state.","Dr. Hook and Dr. Leo S. Falk are with Dr. Hunter at his home in Cismont, VA. Dr. Hunter is in poor health, confined to his bed; is thankful for a fulfilling life; expresses a desire to be let \"out of the trap he finds himself in\"; reminisces and gives short bio of his life; cannot understand why people are delaying his death; has no interest in prolonging his existence; asks Dr. Hook to provide a morphine drip and let him peacefully slip away; discusses the topic of personal suicide, physician assisted suicide, and the legalities involved; asks Hook to \"arrange for me to be allowed to have an appropriate exit.\" Dr. Thomas Hunter died October 23, 1997.","Dr. Hook and Dr. Hunter discuss terminal illness and dying. Hunter has selected Hook to take care of medical decisions regarding his death when Hunter becomes incapable; does not want his wife to be burdened; discusses quality of life; emphasizes trust when selecting someone to make decisions regarding life support, resuscitation, withdrawing medications, etc.; felt that he was dying when he was in California; accepted it emotionally that he was dying; was not frightened by death. Hook and Hunter agree that patients with terminal illness are isolated. There should be care expanded to patients who know they do not have long to live. Today's medicine is so advanced; prolongs the biological life as long as the vital processes are going on. Lawyers and others are taking over all decisions in many cases. Jonathan Mednick, filmmaker; Margot White, producer","Interview with Dr. Hook and Hunter. Dr. Hunter is in poor health; discusses his quality of life and desire to be \"allowed to die\"; expresses feelings about Hook's refusal to assist in suicide; discusses his legacy and how he wants to be remembered after death; shares thoughts about possible suicide of father and grandfather; expresses pride in his grandson. After the interview, Hook records his own thoughts about Hunter's views on the topics of personal suicide and physician assisted suicide."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions"],"names_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library"],"corpname_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":4038,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:48:36.769Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521_c374"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521_c376","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"1938-MEMORABILIA","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521_c376#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521_c376","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521_c376"],"id":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521_c376","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115","_root_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521","parent_ssim":["viu_repositories_7_resources_115","viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_7_resources_115","viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers","HUNTER ADDITION"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers","HUNTER ADDITION"],"text":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers","HUNTER ADDITION","1938-MEMORABILIA","box 09","folder 21"],"title_filing_ssi":"1938-MEMORABILIA","title_ssm":["1938-MEMORABILIA"],"title_tesim":["1938-MEMORABILIA"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1938"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1938"],"normalized_title_ssm":["1938-MEMORABILIA"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":3897,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions"],"date_range_isim":[1938],"containers_ssim":["box 09","folder 21"],"_nest_path_":"/components#3520/components#375","timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:48:36.769Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115","_root_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_7_resources_115.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/100","title_ssm":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers"],"title_tesim":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1934-1995"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1934-1995"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.4","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/115"],"text":["MS.4","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/115","The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers","Hunter main collection of career papers and assorted objects: 118 boxes, 13 cm x 39.5 cm x 26.5\n\n\nHunter addition of mainly family correspondence and memorabilia and interviews with Hunter from 1993 to 1997: 15 boxes, 14 boxes are 13 cm x 39.5 cm x 26.5 cm, 1 box is 27 cm x 33 cm x 41 cm.","There are no restrictions.","\nThomas Harrison Hunter was born in Chicago on October 12, 1913. Despite a childhood bout with polio that left him on crutches from the age of seven, Hunter was a coxswain on the crew teams at both Harvard and Cambridge, where he was a Henry Fellow at Trinity Hall. He completed his medical education at Harvard Medical School.\n","\nDuring his internship and residency training at Columbia University Presbyterian Hospital in New York, Hunter began the clinical research that would lead to a dual antibiotic treatment for bacterial endocarditis, an infection of the heart's lining and valves that had previously been uniformly fatal.\n","\nHunter was Dean of the University of Virginia School of Medicine from 1953 to 1965, Chancellor for Medical Affairs from 1965 to 1970, and Vice President for Medical Affairs from 1970 to 1971. In 1970 he received the Thomas Jefferson Award, the highest honor bestowed by the University of Virginia. In 1973 he received the Raven Award for excellence in service and contribution to the University. In 1971 Hunter was named Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science, co-founding the model Program in Human Biology and Society with Joseph Fletcher. In addition he served as President of the American Association of Medical Colleges (AAMC) and Treasurer of the Pan American Federation of Associations of Medical Schools (PAFAMS), of which he was a founder.\n","\nThomas H. Hunter was deeply interested in international medicine, arguing that health and medicine provide a uniquely powerful bridge to international understanding. In his presidential address to the AAMC in 1960, Hunter called the attention of the United States medical community to its opportunities and responsibilities in other countries. Accompanied by his wife, Anne Fulcher Hunter and their five children, Hunter spent a year teaching in Cali, Colombia as a representative of the Rockefeller Foundation. He also worked and taught in Egypt, Venezuela, Tunisia, Kenya, Cameroon, Chile, and Brazil. The Thomas H. Hunter Professorship of International Medicine was established in 1989 by the University of Virginia Medical School.\n","\nThroughout his career, Thomas H. Hunter served in an advisory capacity to numerous medical schools in the United States and was a pioneer in the field of bioethics. His life was characterized by the promulgation of scientific excellence combined with human compassion. Thomas H. Hunter died on October 23, 1997 at his home in Cismont, Virginia.\n","Processed by: Historical Collections Staff","Finding Aid by M. Alison White","\nThe Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers comprises 118 boxes of official correspondence, statistical reports, ledgers and appointment books, photographs, medals and certificates, student notebooks, conference booklets, reprints of scientific and administrative articles, microscope slides, cassettes, and videotapes.\n","\nThe Hunter Addition to the Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers consists of fourteen boxes of personal papers which complement the original collection.\n","These videos document a series of interviews with Dr. Thomas H. Hunter conducted by Dr. Edward W. Hook. The subject matter is biographical, with special emphasis on Dr. Hunter's experiences as Dean of the University of Virginia School of Medicine, Chancellor of Medical affairs, and Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science.","Hunter describes parents, grandparents, uncles, parents' divorce, transportation of that era, family finances, and his childhood before polio.","Hunter describes effects of polio; living with his mother in Boston while receiving treatment; remarriage of mother; spending summers in Niles, Michigan; school years; classmates that became life-long friends; participating on the rowing team; not being considered \"a cripple.\"","Hunter describes \"no books, no God\"; superstition about the number 13; polio and the possible cause; polio treatment; career choices; father, mother, grandfathers, and Aunt Jesse; summers in Niles, Michigan; schools, headmasters and classmates; importance of participating on rowing team despite being disabled in that era.","\nVideo concludes with Photographs of family, friends and Dr. Hunter at various ages. Images show: Grandfather Hunter; Florence (Patchen) Hunter, grandmother; father in office, the early years before marriage; father smoking a pipe in front of a mirror; Aunt Jesse (devoted herself to 4 generations of Hunter men, never married, and lived with Dr. Hunter until her death); Hunter's mother and him as an infant; Uncle on mother's side; Hunter as an infant; Hunter and mother at approximate age of 2 l/2 - 3 years old; Hunter in wagon, about 3 years old; Barron Lake with grandfather and Aunt Jesse; Hunter on tricycle, about 4 years old; Hunter working with grandfather on farm in Niles, Michigan, about 5-6 years old; Hunter with father at about 5; Hunter with wagon and horse, which belonged to the neighbor; Uncle LeMont, father, and Hunter, first year after polio in 1922 at Barron Lake house; Hunter on crutches at the Niles, Michigan home; Class of Belmont Hill, Boston; Mother at a much later date; Hunter 9 - 11 years old; Hunter, 21 years old, an undergraduate at Harvard, about 1934.\n","Hunter describes his years at Bellmont Hill School, Boston, as the formative days of his childhood. He is very thankful for the time, events, and people of these years at this school; thought of headmasters and friends as his family; was a Monday thru Friday boarder and home on weekends; participated in rowing, tennis, golf and the football team; won prizes in French and Latin and the School Medal; learned the value of team effort; became aware of his polio and its residual damage, but accepted it and incorporated it into his life.","Hunter describes majoring in Psychology and Philosophy; financing his education through scholarships and employment; the pros and cons of Harvard University; his experiences on the honors bracket, student council, as officer of the class, as member of the Signet Society, and playing golf; his favorite courses in the fine arts.","Hunter graduated from Harvard and traveled by sea to England; was assigned a room at the Inner Court of Trinity Hall; received the Henry Fellowship for 1 year; stayed at Cambridge for 3 years; was coxswain on the rowing team; received the Henry Fellowship his second year; continued rowing in year three and received his \"blue\" (letter) on the varsity team; studied and worked all year with no exams; completed oral examinations for a week at the end of the year.","Hunter prepared for studying medicine at Harvard. Courses of study included anatomy, biochemistry, physiology, pharmacology, pathology, and organic chemistry. Students were assigned a tutor who oversaw the college, economic, and cultural life of the student. Hunter departed from Cambridge in 1938; was \"very obtuse to the menace of Hitler and war and never got the full impact of the war\" until much later; returned to Harvard to pursue medical education fall, 1938.","Hunter started Harvard Medical School fall, 1938 and graduated 1940; satisfied basic science requirements, but had limited clinical experience; had Dr. Stead, as instructor at the Boston City Hospital; rotated between 3 different hospitals; did surgical rotation at Brigham Young; worked with Dr. Gamble in the lab (this was his first move into research and lab work); co-authored a paper with Dr. Alfred Shoal on the development and method for measuring serum protein; began internship at the Presbyterian Hospital in New York, February, 1941; married in 1943.","Hunter graduated in 1940; completed internship, 1941-1944; completed residency in 1945. Dr. William Parson, Professor Emeritus, University of Virginia and Chairman of the Department of Medicine 1949-1966 joins Dr. Hunter and Dr. Hook in part 9. Both had interned at Presbyterian Hospital in New York. Parson was one year ahead of Hunter. Hunter was a \"pup\" for 3 months which involved doing procedures, testing, and lab work from the periphery. After 3 months Hunter rotated to surgery, took care of patients, did private service, worked on female and male wards. After attack on Pearl Harbor everyone went off to war. Hunter remained in the United States; married on March 7, 1943; completed residency in 1945; attended the Army Medical School, Walter Reed Hospital, and studied tropical medicine; travelled to Cost Rica where he observed poor patient care which impacted him deeply; became instructor in medicine at the College of Physicians and Surgery at Columbia University; worked with penicillin in the early days of development and manufacture; participated in human research; wrestled with ethical decisions regarding informed consent of the patient.","Hunter quickly assumed higher position and responsibilities at Columbia; received intense clinical experience during this time; described how Dr. Parson was instrumental in bringing Dr. Hunter to U.Va. as Chairman of Internal Medicine; visited UVA in 1952 and was impressed but still did not want the job; was re-invited to U.Va. to be the Dean; as Dean, built relationships with universities, medical schools, and the NIH; through relationship with the NIH and Ken Crispell, contributed to the expansion of the basic sciences buildings; regretted resisting expansion and fund raising during his years as dean; experienced hostility when he signed a document and agreed with Medicare during the Kennedy administration; traveled to South America to work and he was ousted from the deanship while away; became Chancellor in 1964; regretted not anticipating or respecting the roles of African-Americans and women in medicine, education, and leadership; worked to keep the medical school an integral part of the university.","Hunter earned a $2500.00 salary after finishing residency in 1947; decided he could not stay at the hospital; entered private practice where first annual salary was $13,000.00; traveled to South America for 6 weeks; worked in the United Fruit Company hospital where most patients were employees with various diseases and conditions; remained an instructor at Columbia, studying, investigating, and treating patients with penicillin from Pfizer; taught many nursing students; was contacted by Washington University in 1947; moved to Washington University in St. Louis in 1947 with wife, 2 children, elderly aunt and a maid; attended on the ward with no private practice; had his own lab where he could continue his work with penicillin; was promoted to Associate Professor of Medicine and Associate Dean; uncovered the synergy between penicillin and streptomycin (this discovery occurred while treating a patient).","Hunter was invited by Dr. Parsons in 1952 for job as the Dean of Medicine; though the School of Medicine was very small and poor, but had an excellent reputation for turning out reputable graduates. Hunter found the budget situation impossible to work with; was invited back to U.Va. after all candidates had been interviewed. Colgate Darden was the current president and was persuasive in convincing Hunter to come to U.Va. Hunter was attracted by the fact that the University was an old school with great assets. He viewed U.Va. as a relatively small, manageable, high quality academic setting not requiring a big administrative machine. Hunter's agenda included gaining financial support from the State Assembly, turning out more graduates on a slightly larger scale, accepting the cream-of-the-crop applicants, and providing better jobs and training. Hunter's first years were spent working with students, teaching, and being with patients. He did not come to U.Va. with aggressive ideas for building and growth.","Hunter arrived as Dean February, 1953; was 40 years old; had to work with an impossible budget; recieved a low salary; reported to the President of the University; was moved by the degree of growth and quality of the University; saw that there was a lot to be accomplished. There was a faculty of about 50-60 people and 76 students; almost all male; almost all white; from a wide geographic distribution. Hunter worked to break down the negative attitude of potential faculty recruits who saw U.Va. as poor, small, restricted, and provincial; agitated some because he did not want to build buildings, but build people; had a small lab in McKim and a grant during his first 7-10 years; worked on the chemical mechanism of penicillin on different states of organisms and antibacterial activities in other places and its effects in water, plants, and foreign bodies. Hunter's interests declined in the lab, and he became more excited by teaching. He focused on NIH, AAMC, international affairs, and ethics. This took him outside the University and has been attributed to putting the School of Medicine on the map. Hunter also had difficulties in the early years regarding racism and his \"color blindness,\" the Rose Garden affair (Medicare), and a speech he gave to a national gathering of pharmacologists blasting McCarthy.","Hunter's strongest supporters during this period were Dr. Parsons, Doug Eastwood, and Dave Smith. Hunter felt that the Dean had to balance obligation to the university and the department; emphasized a cooperative environment at the School of Medicine where people were comfortable together; did not realize how inadequate many of the facilities were and how the financial structure needed a boost from various sources; credits Ken Crispell with the vision that moved the School forward (Crispell obtained grants to construct buildings for the basic sciences); during this time was president of AAMC, served a 6 year tour at Harvard Board of Overseers, and worked with the NIH International Committee; conceded that his outside interests took up a lot of his time from the University; spent 1962-1963 in California and Colombia; became Chancellor for Medical Affairs in 1966; served as a member of the Center for Advanced Study; was involved with the Rose Garden Affair (Medicare).","Hunter temporarily re-located because of the reaction to his support of Medicare (the Rose Garden Affair); was invited by the Rockefeller Foundation and NIH to start a new international medical school program; relocated to California. The program sought to develop American-style medical schools abroad in key areas. Hunter describes the difficulties of implementing the program in Colombia; outlines reasons for its failure. Spring, 1963, Hunter suffered a collapsed lung and underwent surgery. Complications occurred and he was sent to Presbyterian Hospital in New York. Fall, 1963, Hunter, still recovering, returned to U.Va. and stepped down to become Chancellor of Medical Affairs.","Hunter discusses the separation of the School of Public Health and the School of Medicine; discusses reasons for his stepping down as Dean of the School of Medicine; became Chancellor of Medical Affairs (title was later changed to Vice President of Health Affairs with no change in responsibilities); in 1971 named Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science; no longer required to work in the framework of the administration.","Hunter clarifies points from previous interviews and discusses future topics of conversation; gives views on retirement (retired in 1981 at the age of 68); felt that he should retire so as not to be a \"financial drain\" on the institution; realizes that his time at UVA was a period where many changes were taking place across the country and at UVA in school structures, requirements, and financial support; was a member of several prestigious societies: Center for Advanced Studies, speaker at a seminar at the Centennial Meeting Of the Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Chair of the University Wide Purpose Committee, Distinguished Service Member of AAMC, President of AAMC, UVA Senate, and a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences; was instrumental in starting several Medical Schools: Brown, Morehouse College; Tufts; was awarded the Thomas Jefferson Award and the Raven Society Award.","Dr. Hook clarifies date and content of the letter of resignation written by Hunter on March 24, 1964 to Dr. Edgar Shannon. It was understood that Dr. Ken Crispell, who had been serving in the position as Acting Dean would be appointed as Dean of the Medical School on the same day. Also on March 24, 1964 Shannon made Hunter Chancellor. Crispell wanted to tighten up the Medical School administration and Hunter wanted to \"branch out\" into various areas of the SChool of Medicine and University. Hunter wanted to explore the national and international aspects of medical education. Crispell sent Hunter a letter on April 3, 1964 outlining the concerns he had with vacant positions due to illness and positions vacated by faculty for various reasons. Hunter and Crispell worked together identifying and recruiting people for the various vacant positions in the basic sciences. Hook then investigates Hunter's views on God, love, marriage, homosexuality, HIV/AIDS, and prostitution.","Dr. Norman Thornton is interviewed with Hunter and recalls times when Hunter was Dean and Chancellor and the Rose Garden Affair. Thornton was a U.Va. undergraduate in 1926; graduated in 1936; served 4 years in the military; was associated with U.Va. as a student and faculty member for 29 years; gives gave his views and discusses Hunter's years as Dean, sojourn to California, illness, return to dean after illness, resignation and appointment as chancellor; notes that since the beginning Hunter did not want administrative responsibilities. Hunter delegated to department heads; had an open door policy and provided help whenever he could, considering the poor budget; did not interfere with the department heads. Prominent figures in Hunter's office were John Stacy, who was in charge of the hospital and Vincent Shay who was in charge of getting financial support for the institution. Vincent Archer and Hank Mulholland were responsible for all political aspects of getting money from Richmond. Ken Crispell is given credit for putting U.Va. on the map because of his promotion of the basic sciences and building expansions.","Harlen was the administrative assistant when Hunter was Dean in 1953. Harlin verifies the history of Hunter as dean, chancellor, and Professor Emeritus; discusses the pressure from alumni to fire Hunter over his support of Medicare; states that Hunter was a born leader; discusses Hunter's personnel interactions and budget management. The interview reviews the relationships of faculty, Dean, Vice President, and administrators at U.Va.; management styles; politics and economics; enormous changes of women rights and equality.","Interview with Dr. Robert M. Berne and Hunter. Berne was Chairman of the Physiology Department 1966-1988; Professor Emeritus in 1994; was recruited by Hunter to head the Physiology Department; was impressed by the new buildings, funding and grants available for renovations, and availability of new equipment and personnel. Most of Berne's contact was with Ken Crispell. They discuss overall lack of funding in light of inflation, researcher salaries, and decline in support from the state.","Dr. Hook and Dr. Leo S. Falk are with Dr. Hunter at his home in Cismont, VA. Dr. Hunter is in poor health, confined to his bed; is thankful for a fulfilling life; expresses a desire to be let \"out of the trap he finds himself in\"; reminisces and gives short bio of his life; cannot understand why people are delaying his death; has no interest in prolonging his existence; asks Dr. Hook to provide a morphine drip and let him peacefully slip away; discusses the topic of personal suicide, physician assisted suicide, and the legalities involved; asks Hook to \"arrange for me to be allowed to have an appropriate exit.\" Dr. Thomas Hunter died October 23, 1997.","Dr. Hook and Dr. Hunter discuss terminal illness and dying. Hunter has selected Hook to take care of medical decisions regarding his death when Hunter becomes incapable; does not want his wife to be burdened; discusses quality of life; emphasizes trust when selecting someone to make decisions regarding life support, resuscitation, withdrawing medications, etc.; felt that he was dying when he was in California; accepted it emotionally that he was dying; was not frightened by death. Hook and Hunter agree that patients with terminal illness are isolated. There should be care expanded to patients who know they do not have long to live. Today's medicine is so advanced; prolongs the biological life as long as the vital processes are going on. Lawyers and others are taking over all decisions in many cases. Jonathan Mednick, filmmaker; Margot White, producer","Interview with Dr. Hook and Hunter. Dr. Hunter is in poor health; discusses his quality of life and desire to be \"allowed to die\"; expresses feelings about Hook's refusal to assist in suicide; discusses his legacy and how he wants to be remembered after death; shares thoughts about possible suicide of father and grandfather; expresses pride in his grandson. After the interview, Hook records his own thoughts about Hunter's views on the topics of personal suicide and physician assisted suicide.","There are no restrictions","Claude Moore Health Sciences Library","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.4","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/115"],"normalized_title_ssm":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers"],"collection_ssim":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Hunter main collection of career papers and assorted objects: 118 boxes, 13 cm x 39.5 cm x 26.5\n\n\nHunter addition of mainly family correspondence and memorabilia and interviews with Hunter from 1993 to 1997: 15 boxes, 14 boxes are 13 cm x 39.5 cm x 26.5 cm, 1 box is 27 cm x 33 cm x 41 cm."],"extent_ssm":["56 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["56 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nThomas Harrison Hunter was born in Chicago on October 12, 1913. Despite a childhood bout with polio that left him on crutches from the age of seven, Hunter was a coxswain on the crew teams at both Harvard and Cambridge, where he was a Henry Fellow at Trinity Hall. He completed his medical education at Harvard Medical School.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nDuring his internship and residency training at Columbia University Presbyterian Hospital in New York, Hunter began the clinical research that would lead to a dual antibiotic treatment for bacterial endocarditis, an infection of the heart's lining and valves that had previously been uniformly fatal.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nHunter was Dean of the University of Virginia School of Medicine from 1953 to 1965, Chancellor for Medical Affairs from 1965 to 1970, and Vice President for Medical Affairs from 1970 to 1971. In 1970 he received the Thomas Jefferson Award, the highest honor bestowed by the University of Virginia. In 1973 he received the Raven Award for excellence in service and contribution to the University. In 1971 Hunter was named Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science, co-founding the model Program in Human Biology and Society with Joseph Fletcher. In addition he served as President of the American Association of Medical Colleges (AAMC) and Treasurer of the Pan American Federation of Associations of Medical Schools (PAFAMS), of which he was a founder.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThomas H. Hunter was deeply interested in international medicine, arguing that health and medicine provide a uniquely powerful bridge to international understanding. In his presidential address to the AAMC in 1960, Hunter called the attention of the United States medical community to its opportunities and responsibilities in other countries. Accompanied by his wife, Anne Fulcher Hunter and their five children, Hunter spent a year teaching in Cali, Colombia as a representative of the Rockefeller Foundation. He also worked and taught in Egypt, Venezuela, Tunisia, Kenya, Cameroon, Chile, and Brazil. The Thomas H. Hunter Professorship of International Medicine was established in 1989 by the University of Virginia Medical School.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThroughout his career, Thomas H. Hunter served in an advisory capacity to numerous medical schools in the United States and was a pioneer in the field of bioethics. His life was characterized by the promulgation of scientific excellence combined with human compassion. Thomas H. Hunter died on October 23, 1997 at his home in Cismont, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["\nThomas Harrison Hunter was born in Chicago on October 12, 1913. Despite a childhood bout with polio that left him on crutches from the age of seven, Hunter was a coxswain on the crew teams at both Harvard and Cambridge, where he was a Henry Fellow at Trinity Hall. He completed his medical education at Harvard Medical School.\n","\nDuring his internship and residency training at Columbia University Presbyterian Hospital in New York, Hunter began the clinical research that would lead to a dual antibiotic treatment for bacterial endocarditis, an infection of the heart's lining and valves that had previously been uniformly fatal.\n","\nHunter was Dean of the University of Virginia School of Medicine from 1953 to 1965, Chancellor for Medical Affairs from 1965 to 1970, and Vice President for Medical Affairs from 1970 to 1971. In 1970 he received the Thomas Jefferson Award, the highest honor bestowed by the University of Virginia. In 1973 he received the Raven Award for excellence in service and contribution to the University. In 1971 Hunter was named Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science, co-founding the model Program in Human Biology and Society with Joseph Fletcher. In addition he served as President of the American Association of Medical Colleges (AAMC) and Treasurer of the Pan American Federation of Associations of Medical Schools (PAFAMS), of which he was a founder.\n","\nThomas H. Hunter was deeply interested in international medicine, arguing that health and medicine provide a uniquely powerful bridge to international understanding. In his presidential address to the AAMC in 1960, Hunter called the attention of the United States medical community to its opportunities and responsibilities in other countries. Accompanied by his wife, Anne Fulcher Hunter and their five children, Hunter spent a year teaching in Cali, Colombia as a representative of the Rockefeller Foundation. He also worked and taught in Egypt, Venezuela, Tunisia, Kenya, Cameroon, Chile, and Brazil. The Thomas H. Hunter Professorship of International Medicine was established in 1989 by the University of Virginia Medical School.\n","\nThroughout his career, Thomas H. Hunter served in an advisory capacity to numerous medical schools in the United States and was a pioneer in the field of bioethics. His life was characterized by the promulgation of scientific excellence combined with human compassion. Thomas H. Hunter died on October 23, 1997 at his home in Cismont, Virginia.\n"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eProcessed by:\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eHistorical Collections Staff\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["Processed by: Historical Collections Staff"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers, MS-4, Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, Historical Collections and Services, University of Virginia\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers, MS-4, Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, Historical Collections and Services, University of Virginia"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFinding Aid by M. Alison White\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Finding Aid by M. Alison White"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nThe Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers comprises 118 boxes of official correspondence, statistical reports, ledgers and appointment books, photographs, medals and certificates, student notebooks, conference booklets, reprints of scientific and administrative articles, microscope slides, cassettes, and videotapes.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Hunter Addition to the Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers consists of fourteen boxes of personal papers which complement the original collection.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese videos document a series of interviews with Dr. Thomas H. Hunter conducted by Dr. Edward W. Hook. The subject matter is biographical, with special emphasis on Dr. Hunter's experiences as Dean of the University of Virginia School of Medicine, Chancellor of Medical affairs, and Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter describes parents, grandparents, uncles, parents' divorce, transportation of that era, family finances, and his childhood before polio.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter describes effects of polio; living with his mother in Boston while receiving treatment; remarriage of mother; spending summers in Niles, Michigan; school years; classmates that became life-long friends; participating on the rowing team; not being considered \"a cripple.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter describes \"no books, no God\"; superstition about the number 13; polio and the possible cause; polio treatment; career choices; father, mother, grandfathers, and Aunt Jesse; summers in Niles, Michigan; schools, headmasters and classmates; importance of participating on rowing team despite being disabled in that era.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nVideo concludes with Photographs of family, friends and Dr. Hunter at various ages. Images show: Grandfather Hunter; Florence (Patchen) Hunter, grandmother; father in office, the early years before marriage; father smoking a pipe in front of a mirror; Aunt Jesse (devoted herself to 4 generations of Hunter men, never married, and lived with Dr. Hunter until her death); Hunter's mother and him as an infant; Uncle on mother's side; Hunter as an infant; Hunter and mother at approximate age of 2 l/2 - 3 years old; Hunter in wagon, about 3 years old; Barron Lake with grandfather and Aunt Jesse; Hunter on tricycle, about 4 years old; Hunter working with grandfather on farm in Niles, Michigan, about 5-6 years old; Hunter with father at about 5; Hunter with wagon and horse, which belonged to the neighbor; Uncle LeMont, father, and Hunter, first year after polio in 1922 at Barron Lake house; Hunter on crutches at the Niles, Michigan home; Class of Belmont Hill, Boston; Mother at a much later date; Hunter 9 - 11 years old; Hunter, 21 years old, an undergraduate at Harvard, about 1934.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter describes his years at Bellmont Hill School, Boston, as the formative days of his childhood. He is very thankful for the time, events, and people of these years at this school; thought of headmasters and friends as his family; was a Monday thru Friday boarder and home on weekends; participated in rowing, tennis, golf and the football team; won prizes in French and Latin and the School Medal; learned the value of team effort; became aware of his polio and its residual damage, but accepted it and incorporated it into his life.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter describes majoring in Psychology and Philosophy; financing his education through scholarships and employment; the pros and cons of Harvard University; his experiences on the honors bracket, student council, as officer of the class, as member of the Signet Society, and playing golf; his favorite courses in the fine arts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter graduated from Harvard and traveled by sea to England; was assigned a room at the Inner Court of Trinity Hall; received the Henry Fellowship for 1 year; stayed at Cambridge for 3 years; was coxswain on the rowing team; received the Henry Fellowship his second year; continued rowing in year three and received his \"blue\" (letter) on the varsity team; studied and worked all year with no exams; completed oral examinations for a week at the end of the year.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter prepared for studying medicine at Harvard. Courses of study included anatomy, biochemistry, physiology, pharmacology, pathology, and organic chemistry. Students were assigned a tutor who oversaw the college, economic, and cultural life of the student. Hunter departed from Cambridge in 1938; was \"very obtuse to the menace of Hitler and war and never got the full impact of the war\" until much later; returned to Harvard to pursue medical education fall, 1938.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter started Harvard Medical School fall, 1938 and graduated 1940; satisfied basic science requirements, but had limited clinical experience; had Dr. Stead, as instructor at the Boston City Hospital; rotated between 3 different hospitals; did surgical rotation at Brigham Young; worked with Dr. Gamble in the lab (this was his first move into research and lab work); co-authored a paper with Dr. Alfred Shoal on the development and method for measuring serum protein; began internship at the Presbyterian Hospital in New York, February, 1941; married in 1943.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter graduated in 1940; completed internship, 1941-1944; completed residency in 1945. Dr. William Parson, Professor Emeritus, University of Virginia and Chairman of the Department of Medicine 1949-1966 joins Dr. Hunter and Dr. Hook in part 9. Both had interned at Presbyterian Hospital in New York. Parson was one year ahead of Hunter. Hunter was a \"pup\" for 3 months which involved doing procedures, testing, and lab work from the periphery. After 3 months Hunter rotated to surgery, took care of patients, did private service, worked on female and male wards. After attack on Pearl Harbor everyone went off to war. Hunter remained in the United States; married on March 7, 1943; completed residency in 1945; attended the Army Medical School, Walter Reed Hospital, and studied tropical medicine; travelled to Cost Rica where he observed poor patient care which impacted him deeply; became instructor in medicine at the College of Physicians and Surgery at Columbia University; worked with penicillin in the early days of development and manufacture; participated in human research; wrestled with ethical decisions regarding informed consent of the patient.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter quickly assumed higher position and responsibilities at Columbia; received intense clinical experience during this time; described how Dr. Parson was instrumental in bringing Dr. Hunter to U.Va. as Chairman of Internal Medicine; visited UVA in 1952 and was impressed but still did not want the job; was re-invited to U.Va. to be the Dean; as Dean, built relationships with universities, medical schools, and the NIH; through relationship with the NIH and Ken Crispell, contributed to the expansion of the basic sciences buildings; regretted resisting expansion and fund raising during his years as dean; experienced hostility when he signed a document and agreed with Medicare during the Kennedy administration; traveled to South America to work and he was ousted from the deanship while away; became Chancellor in 1964; regretted not anticipating or respecting the roles of African-Americans and women in medicine, education, and leadership; worked to keep the medical school an integral part of the university.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter earned a $2500.00 salary after finishing residency in 1947; decided he could not stay at the hospital; entered private practice where first annual salary was $13,000.00; traveled to South America for 6 weeks; worked in the United Fruit Company hospital where most patients were employees with various diseases and conditions; remained an instructor at Columbia, studying, investigating, and treating patients with penicillin from Pfizer; taught many nursing students; was contacted by Washington University in 1947; moved to Washington University in St. Louis in 1947 with wife, 2 children, elderly aunt and a maid; attended on the ward with no private practice; had his own lab where he could continue his work with penicillin; was promoted to Associate Professor of Medicine and Associate Dean; uncovered the synergy between penicillin and streptomycin (this discovery occurred while treating a patient).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter was invited by Dr. Parsons in 1952 for job as the Dean of Medicine; though the School of Medicine was very small and poor, but had an excellent reputation for turning out reputable graduates. Hunter found the budget situation impossible to work with; was invited back to U.Va. after all candidates had been interviewed. Colgate Darden was the current president and was persuasive in convincing Hunter to come to U.Va. Hunter was attracted by the fact that the University was an old school with great assets. He viewed U.Va. as a relatively small, manageable, high quality academic setting not requiring a big administrative machine. Hunter's agenda included gaining financial support from the State Assembly, turning out more graduates on a slightly larger scale, accepting the cream-of-the-crop applicants, and providing better jobs and training. Hunter's first years were spent working with students, teaching, and being with patients. He did not come to U.Va. with aggressive ideas for building and growth.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter arrived as Dean February, 1953; was 40 years old; had to work with an impossible budget; recieved a low salary; reported to the President of the University; was moved by the degree of growth and quality of the University; saw that there was a lot to be accomplished. There was a faculty of about 50-60 people and 76 students; almost all male; almost all white; from a wide geographic distribution. Hunter worked to break down the negative attitude of potential faculty recruits who saw U.Va. as poor, small, restricted, and provincial; agitated some because he did not want to build buildings, but build people; had a small lab in McKim and a grant during his first 7-10 years; worked on the chemical mechanism of penicillin on different states of organisms and antibacterial activities in other places and its effects in water, plants, and foreign bodies. Hunter's interests declined in the lab, and he became more excited by teaching. He focused on NIH, AAMC, international affairs, and ethics. This took him outside the University and has been attributed to putting the School of Medicine on the map. Hunter also had difficulties in the early years regarding racism and his \"color blindness,\" the Rose Garden affair (Medicare), and a speech he gave to a national gathering of pharmacologists blasting McCarthy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter's strongest supporters during this period were Dr. Parsons, Doug Eastwood, and Dave Smith. Hunter felt that the Dean had to balance obligation to the university and the department; emphasized a cooperative environment at the School of Medicine where people were comfortable together; did not realize how inadequate many of the facilities were and how the financial structure needed a boost from various sources; credits Ken Crispell with the vision that moved the School forward (Crispell obtained grants to construct buildings for the basic sciences); during this time was president of AAMC, served a 6 year tour at Harvard Board of Overseers, and worked with the NIH International Committee; conceded that his outside interests took up a lot of his time from the University; spent 1962-1963 in California and Colombia; became Chancellor for Medical Affairs in 1966; served as a member of the Center for Advanced Study; was involved with the Rose Garden Affair (Medicare).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter temporarily re-located because of the reaction to his support of Medicare (the Rose Garden Affair); was invited by the Rockefeller Foundation and NIH to start a new international medical school program; relocated to California. The program sought to develop American-style medical schools abroad in key areas. Hunter describes the difficulties of implementing the program in Colombia; outlines reasons for its failure. Spring, 1963, Hunter suffered a collapsed lung and underwent surgery. Complications occurred and he was sent to Presbyterian Hospital in New York. Fall, 1963, Hunter, still recovering, returned to U.Va. and stepped down to become Chancellor of Medical Affairs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter discusses the separation of the School of Public Health and the School of Medicine; discusses reasons for his stepping down as Dean of the School of Medicine; became Chancellor of Medical Affairs (title was later changed to Vice President of Health Affairs with no change in responsibilities); in 1971 named Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science; no longer required to work in the framework of the administration.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter clarifies points from previous interviews and discusses future topics of conversation; gives views on retirement (retired in 1981 at the age of 68); felt that he should retire so as not to be a \"financial drain\" on the institution; realizes that his time at UVA was a period where many changes were taking place across the country and at UVA in school structures, requirements, and financial support; was a member of several prestigious societies: Center for Advanced Studies, speaker at a seminar at the Centennial Meeting Of the Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Chair of the University Wide Purpose Committee, Distinguished Service Member of AAMC, President of AAMC, UVA Senate, and a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences; was instrumental in starting several Medical Schools: Brown, Morehouse College; Tufts; was awarded the Thomas Jefferson Award and the Raven Society Award.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Hook clarifies date and content of the letter of resignation written by Hunter on March 24, 1964 to Dr. Edgar Shannon. It was understood that Dr. Ken Crispell, who had been serving in the position as Acting Dean would be appointed as Dean of the Medical School on the same day. Also on March 24, 1964 Shannon made Hunter Chancellor. Crispell wanted to tighten up the Medical School administration and Hunter wanted to \"branch out\" into various areas of the SChool of Medicine and University. Hunter wanted to explore the national and international aspects of medical education. Crispell sent Hunter a letter on April 3, 1964 outlining the concerns he had with vacant positions due to illness and positions vacated by faculty for various reasons. Hunter and Crispell worked together identifying and recruiting people for the various vacant positions in the basic sciences. Hook then investigates Hunter's views on God, love, marriage, homosexuality, HIV/AIDS, and prostitution.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Norman Thornton is interviewed with Hunter and recalls times when Hunter was Dean and Chancellor and the Rose Garden Affair. Thornton was a U.Va. undergraduate in 1926; graduated in 1936; served 4 years in the military; was associated with U.Va. as a student and faculty member for 29 years; gives gave his views and discusses Hunter's years as Dean, sojourn to California, illness, return to dean after illness, resignation and appointment as chancellor; notes that since the beginning Hunter did not want administrative responsibilities. Hunter delegated to department heads; had an open door policy and provided help whenever he could, considering the poor budget; did not interfere with the department heads. Prominent figures in Hunter's office were John Stacy, who was in charge of the hospital and Vincent Shay who was in charge of getting financial support for the institution. Vincent Archer and Hank Mulholland were responsible for all political aspects of getting money from Richmond. Ken Crispell is given credit for putting U.Va. on the map because of his promotion of the basic sciences and building expansions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarlen was the administrative assistant when Hunter was Dean in 1953. Harlin verifies the history of Hunter as dean, chancellor, and Professor Emeritus; discusses the pressure from alumni to fire Hunter over his support of Medicare; states that Hunter was a born leader; discusses Hunter's personnel interactions and budget management. The interview reviews the relationships of faculty, Dean, Vice President, and administrators at U.Va.; management styles; politics and economics; enormous changes of women rights and equality.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterview with Dr. Robert M. Berne and Hunter. Berne was Chairman of the Physiology Department 1966-1988; Professor Emeritus in 1994; was recruited by Hunter to head the Physiology Department; was impressed by the new buildings, funding and grants available for renovations, and availability of new equipment and personnel. Most of Berne's contact was with Ken Crispell. They discuss overall lack of funding in light of inflation, researcher salaries, and decline in support from the state.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Hook and Dr. Leo S. Falk are with Dr. Hunter at his home in Cismont, VA. Dr. Hunter is in poor health, confined to his bed; is thankful for a fulfilling life; expresses a desire to be let \"out of the trap he finds himself in\"; reminisces and gives short bio of his life; cannot understand why people are delaying his death; has no interest in prolonging his existence; asks Dr. Hook to provide a morphine drip and let him peacefully slip away; discusses the topic of personal suicide, physician assisted suicide, and the legalities involved; asks Hook to \"arrange for me to be allowed to have an appropriate exit.\" Dr. Thomas Hunter died October 23, 1997.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Hook and Dr. Hunter discuss terminal illness and dying. Hunter has selected Hook to take care of medical decisions regarding his death when Hunter becomes incapable; does not want his wife to be burdened; discusses quality of life; emphasizes trust when selecting someone to make decisions regarding life support, resuscitation, withdrawing medications, etc.; felt that he was dying when he was in California; accepted it emotionally that he was dying; was not frightened by death. Hook and Hunter agree that patients with terminal illness are isolated. There should be care expanded to patients who know they do not have long to live. Today's medicine is so advanced; prolongs the biological life as long as the vital processes are going on. Lawyers and others are taking over all decisions in many cases. Jonathan Mednick, filmmaker; Margot White, producer\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterview with Dr. Hook and Hunter. Dr. Hunter is in poor health; discusses his quality of life and desire to be \"allowed to die\"; expresses feelings about Hook's refusal to assist in suicide; discusses his legacy and how he wants to be remembered after death; shares thoughts about possible suicide of father and grandfather; expresses pride in his grandson. After the interview, Hook records his own thoughts about Hunter's views on the topics of personal suicide and physician assisted suicide.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["\nThe Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers comprises 118 boxes of official correspondence, statistical reports, ledgers and appointment books, photographs, medals and certificates, student notebooks, conference booklets, reprints of scientific and administrative articles, microscope slides, cassettes, and videotapes.\n","\nThe Hunter Addition to the Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers consists of fourteen boxes of personal papers which complement the original collection.\n","These videos document a series of interviews with Dr. Thomas H. Hunter conducted by Dr. Edward W. Hook. The subject matter is biographical, with special emphasis on Dr. Hunter's experiences as Dean of the University of Virginia School of Medicine, Chancellor of Medical affairs, and Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science.","Hunter describes parents, grandparents, uncles, parents' divorce, transportation of that era, family finances, and his childhood before polio.","Hunter describes effects of polio; living with his mother in Boston while receiving treatment; remarriage of mother; spending summers in Niles, Michigan; school years; classmates that became life-long friends; participating on the rowing team; not being considered \"a cripple.\"","Hunter describes \"no books, no God\"; superstition about the number 13; polio and the possible cause; polio treatment; career choices; father, mother, grandfathers, and Aunt Jesse; summers in Niles, Michigan; schools, headmasters and classmates; importance of participating on rowing team despite being disabled in that era.","\nVideo concludes with Photographs of family, friends and Dr. Hunter at various ages. Images show: Grandfather Hunter; Florence (Patchen) Hunter, grandmother; father in office, the early years before marriage; father smoking a pipe in front of a mirror; Aunt Jesse (devoted herself to 4 generations of Hunter men, never married, and lived with Dr. Hunter until her death); Hunter's mother and him as an infant; Uncle on mother's side; Hunter as an infant; Hunter and mother at approximate age of 2 l/2 - 3 years old; Hunter in wagon, about 3 years old; Barron Lake with grandfather and Aunt Jesse; Hunter on tricycle, about 4 years old; Hunter working with grandfather on farm in Niles, Michigan, about 5-6 years old; Hunter with father at about 5; Hunter with wagon and horse, which belonged to the neighbor; Uncle LeMont, father, and Hunter, first year after polio in 1922 at Barron Lake house; Hunter on crutches at the Niles, Michigan home; Class of Belmont Hill, Boston; Mother at a much later date; Hunter 9 - 11 years old; Hunter, 21 years old, an undergraduate at Harvard, about 1934.\n","Hunter describes his years at Bellmont Hill School, Boston, as the formative days of his childhood. He is very thankful for the time, events, and people of these years at this school; thought of headmasters and friends as his family; was a Monday thru Friday boarder and home on weekends; participated in rowing, tennis, golf and the football team; won prizes in French and Latin and the School Medal; learned the value of team effort; became aware of his polio and its residual damage, but accepted it and incorporated it into his life.","Hunter describes majoring in Psychology and Philosophy; financing his education through scholarships and employment; the pros and cons of Harvard University; his experiences on the honors bracket, student council, as officer of the class, as member of the Signet Society, and playing golf; his favorite courses in the fine arts.","Hunter graduated from Harvard and traveled by sea to England; was assigned a room at the Inner Court of Trinity Hall; received the Henry Fellowship for 1 year; stayed at Cambridge for 3 years; was coxswain on the rowing team; received the Henry Fellowship his second year; continued rowing in year three and received his \"blue\" (letter) on the varsity team; studied and worked all year with no exams; completed oral examinations for a week at the end of the year.","Hunter prepared for studying medicine at Harvard. Courses of study included anatomy, biochemistry, physiology, pharmacology, pathology, and organic chemistry. Students were assigned a tutor who oversaw the college, economic, and cultural life of the student. Hunter departed from Cambridge in 1938; was \"very obtuse to the menace of Hitler and war and never got the full impact of the war\" until much later; returned to Harvard to pursue medical education fall, 1938.","Hunter started Harvard Medical School fall, 1938 and graduated 1940; satisfied basic science requirements, but had limited clinical experience; had Dr. Stead, as instructor at the Boston City Hospital; rotated between 3 different hospitals; did surgical rotation at Brigham Young; worked with Dr. Gamble in the lab (this was his first move into research and lab work); co-authored a paper with Dr. Alfred Shoal on the development and method for measuring serum protein; began internship at the Presbyterian Hospital in New York, February, 1941; married in 1943.","Hunter graduated in 1940; completed internship, 1941-1944; completed residency in 1945. Dr. William Parson, Professor Emeritus, University of Virginia and Chairman of the Department of Medicine 1949-1966 joins Dr. Hunter and Dr. Hook in part 9. Both had interned at Presbyterian Hospital in New York. Parson was one year ahead of Hunter. Hunter was a \"pup\" for 3 months which involved doing procedures, testing, and lab work from the periphery. After 3 months Hunter rotated to surgery, took care of patients, did private service, worked on female and male wards. After attack on Pearl Harbor everyone went off to war. Hunter remained in the United States; married on March 7, 1943; completed residency in 1945; attended the Army Medical School, Walter Reed Hospital, and studied tropical medicine; travelled to Cost Rica where he observed poor patient care which impacted him deeply; became instructor in medicine at the College of Physicians and Surgery at Columbia University; worked with penicillin in the early days of development and manufacture; participated in human research; wrestled with ethical decisions regarding informed consent of the patient.","Hunter quickly assumed higher position and responsibilities at Columbia; received intense clinical experience during this time; described how Dr. Parson was instrumental in bringing Dr. Hunter to U.Va. as Chairman of Internal Medicine; visited UVA in 1952 and was impressed but still did not want the job; was re-invited to U.Va. to be the Dean; as Dean, built relationships with universities, medical schools, and the NIH; through relationship with the NIH and Ken Crispell, contributed to the expansion of the basic sciences buildings; regretted resisting expansion and fund raising during his years as dean; experienced hostility when he signed a document and agreed with Medicare during the Kennedy administration; traveled to South America to work and he was ousted from the deanship while away; became Chancellor in 1964; regretted not anticipating or respecting the roles of African-Americans and women in medicine, education, and leadership; worked to keep the medical school an integral part of the university.","Hunter earned a $2500.00 salary after finishing residency in 1947; decided he could not stay at the hospital; entered private practice where first annual salary was $13,000.00; traveled to South America for 6 weeks; worked in the United Fruit Company hospital where most patients were employees with various diseases and conditions; remained an instructor at Columbia, studying, investigating, and treating patients with penicillin from Pfizer; taught many nursing students; was contacted by Washington University in 1947; moved to Washington University in St. Louis in 1947 with wife, 2 children, elderly aunt and a maid; attended on the ward with no private practice; had his own lab where he could continue his work with penicillin; was promoted to Associate Professor of Medicine and Associate Dean; uncovered the synergy between penicillin and streptomycin (this discovery occurred while treating a patient).","Hunter was invited by Dr. Parsons in 1952 for job as the Dean of Medicine; though the School of Medicine was very small and poor, but had an excellent reputation for turning out reputable graduates. Hunter found the budget situation impossible to work with; was invited back to U.Va. after all candidates had been interviewed. Colgate Darden was the current president and was persuasive in convincing Hunter to come to U.Va. Hunter was attracted by the fact that the University was an old school with great assets. He viewed U.Va. as a relatively small, manageable, high quality academic setting not requiring a big administrative machine. Hunter's agenda included gaining financial support from the State Assembly, turning out more graduates on a slightly larger scale, accepting the cream-of-the-crop applicants, and providing better jobs and training. Hunter's first years were spent working with students, teaching, and being with patients. He did not come to U.Va. with aggressive ideas for building and growth.","Hunter arrived as Dean February, 1953; was 40 years old; had to work with an impossible budget; recieved a low salary; reported to the President of the University; was moved by the degree of growth and quality of the University; saw that there was a lot to be accomplished. There was a faculty of about 50-60 people and 76 students; almost all male; almost all white; from a wide geographic distribution. Hunter worked to break down the negative attitude of potential faculty recruits who saw U.Va. as poor, small, restricted, and provincial; agitated some because he did not want to build buildings, but build people; had a small lab in McKim and a grant during his first 7-10 years; worked on the chemical mechanism of penicillin on different states of organisms and antibacterial activities in other places and its effects in water, plants, and foreign bodies. Hunter's interests declined in the lab, and he became more excited by teaching. He focused on NIH, AAMC, international affairs, and ethics. This took him outside the University and has been attributed to putting the School of Medicine on the map. Hunter also had difficulties in the early years regarding racism and his \"color blindness,\" the Rose Garden affair (Medicare), and a speech he gave to a national gathering of pharmacologists blasting McCarthy.","Hunter's strongest supporters during this period were Dr. Parsons, Doug Eastwood, and Dave Smith. Hunter felt that the Dean had to balance obligation to the university and the department; emphasized a cooperative environment at the School of Medicine where people were comfortable together; did not realize how inadequate many of the facilities were and how the financial structure needed a boost from various sources; credits Ken Crispell with the vision that moved the School forward (Crispell obtained grants to construct buildings for the basic sciences); during this time was president of AAMC, served a 6 year tour at Harvard Board of Overseers, and worked with the NIH International Committee; conceded that his outside interests took up a lot of his time from the University; spent 1962-1963 in California and Colombia; became Chancellor for Medical Affairs in 1966; served as a member of the Center for Advanced Study; was involved with the Rose Garden Affair (Medicare).","Hunter temporarily re-located because of the reaction to his support of Medicare (the Rose Garden Affair); was invited by the Rockefeller Foundation and NIH to start a new international medical school program; relocated to California. The program sought to develop American-style medical schools abroad in key areas. Hunter describes the difficulties of implementing the program in Colombia; outlines reasons for its failure. Spring, 1963, Hunter suffered a collapsed lung and underwent surgery. Complications occurred and he was sent to Presbyterian Hospital in New York. Fall, 1963, Hunter, still recovering, returned to U.Va. and stepped down to become Chancellor of Medical Affairs.","Hunter discusses the separation of the School of Public Health and the School of Medicine; discusses reasons for his stepping down as Dean of the School of Medicine; became Chancellor of Medical Affairs (title was later changed to Vice President of Health Affairs with no change in responsibilities); in 1971 named Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science; no longer required to work in the framework of the administration.","Hunter clarifies points from previous interviews and discusses future topics of conversation; gives views on retirement (retired in 1981 at the age of 68); felt that he should retire so as not to be a \"financial drain\" on the institution; realizes that his time at UVA was a period where many changes were taking place across the country and at UVA in school structures, requirements, and financial support; was a member of several prestigious societies: Center for Advanced Studies, speaker at a seminar at the Centennial Meeting Of the Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Chair of the University Wide Purpose Committee, Distinguished Service Member of AAMC, President of AAMC, UVA Senate, and a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences; was instrumental in starting several Medical Schools: Brown, Morehouse College; Tufts; was awarded the Thomas Jefferson Award and the Raven Society Award.","Dr. Hook clarifies date and content of the letter of resignation written by Hunter on March 24, 1964 to Dr. Edgar Shannon. It was understood that Dr. Ken Crispell, who had been serving in the position as Acting Dean would be appointed as Dean of the Medical School on the same day. Also on March 24, 1964 Shannon made Hunter Chancellor. Crispell wanted to tighten up the Medical School administration and Hunter wanted to \"branch out\" into various areas of the SChool of Medicine and University. Hunter wanted to explore the national and international aspects of medical education. Crispell sent Hunter a letter on April 3, 1964 outlining the concerns he had with vacant positions due to illness and positions vacated by faculty for various reasons. Hunter and Crispell worked together identifying and recruiting people for the various vacant positions in the basic sciences. Hook then investigates Hunter's views on God, love, marriage, homosexuality, HIV/AIDS, and prostitution.","Dr. Norman Thornton is interviewed with Hunter and recalls times when Hunter was Dean and Chancellor and the Rose Garden Affair. Thornton was a U.Va. undergraduate in 1926; graduated in 1936; served 4 years in the military; was associated with U.Va. as a student and faculty member for 29 years; gives gave his views and discusses Hunter's years as Dean, sojourn to California, illness, return to dean after illness, resignation and appointment as chancellor; notes that since the beginning Hunter did not want administrative responsibilities. Hunter delegated to department heads; had an open door policy and provided help whenever he could, considering the poor budget; did not interfere with the department heads. Prominent figures in Hunter's office were John Stacy, who was in charge of the hospital and Vincent Shay who was in charge of getting financial support for the institution. Vincent Archer and Hank Mulholland were responsible for all political aspects of getting money from Richmond. Ken Crispell is given credit for putting U.Va. on the map because of his promotion of the basic sciences and building expansions.","Harlen was the administrative assistant when Hunter was Dean in 1953. Harlin verifies the history of Hunter as dean, chancellor, and Professor Emeritus; discusses the pressure from alumni to fire Hunter over his support of Medicare; states that Hunter was a born leader; discusses Hunter's personnel interactions and budget management. The interview reviews the relationships of faculty, Dean, Vice President, and administrators at U.Va.; management styles; politics and economics; enormous changes of women rights and equality.","Interview with Dr. Robert M. Berne and Hunter. Berne was Chairman of the Physiology Department 1966-1988; Professor Emeritus in 1994; was recruited by Hunter to head the Physiology Department; was impressed by the new buildings, funding and grants available for renovations, and availability of new equipment and personnel. Most of Berne's contact was with Ken Crispell. They discuss overall lack of funding in light of inflation, researcher salaries, and decline in support from the state.","Dr. Hook and Dr. Leo S. Falk are with Dr. Hunter at his home in Cismont, VA. Dr. Hunter is in poor health, confined to his bed; is thankful for a fulfilling life; expresses a desire to be let \"out of the trap he finds himself in\"; reminisces and gives short bio of his life; cannot understand why people are delaying his death; has no interest in prolonging his existence; asks Dr. Hook to provide a morphine drip and let him peacefully slip away; discusses the topic of personal suicide, physician assisted suicide, and the legalities involved; asks Hook to \"arrange for me to be allowed to have an appropriate exit.\" Dr. Thomas Hunter died October 23, 1997.","Dr. Hook and Dr. Hunter discuss terminal illness and dying. Hunter has selected Hook to take care of medical decisions regarding his death when Hunter becomes incapable; does not want his wife to be burdened; discusses quality of life; emphasizes trust when selecting someone to make decisions regarding life support, resuscitation, withdrawing medications, etc.; felt that he was dying when he was in California; accepted it emotionally that he was dying; was not frightened by death. Hook and Hunter agree that patients with terminal illness are isolated. There should be care expanded to patients who know they do not have long to live. Today's medicine is so advanced; prolongs the biological life as long as the vital processes are going on. Lawyers and others are taking over all decisions in many cases. Jonathan Mednick, filmmaker; Margot White, producer","Interview with Dr. Hook and Hunter. Dr. Hunter is in poor health; discusses his quality of life and desire to be \"allowed to die\"; expresses feelings about Hook's refusal to assist in suicide; discusses his legacy and how he wants to be remembered after death; shares thoughts about possible suicide of father and grandfather; expresses pride in his grandson. After the interview, Hook records his own thoughts about Hunter's views on the topics of personal suicide and physician assisted suicide."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions"],"names_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library"],"corpname_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":4038,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:48:36.769Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521_c376"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521_c380","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"1938 - MISCELLANEOUS MATERIAL","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521_c380#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521_c380","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521_c380"],"id":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521_c380","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115","_root_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521","parent_ssim":["viu_repositories_7_resources_115","viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_7_resources_115","viu_repositories_7_resources_115_c3521"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers","HUNTER ADDITION"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers","HUNTER ADDITION"],"text":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers","HUNTER ADDITION","1938 - MISCELLANEOUS MATERIAL","box 09","folder 25"],"title_filing_ssi":"1938 - MISCELLANEOUS MATERIAL","title_ssm":["1938 - MISCELLANEOUS MATERIAL"],"title_tesim":["1938 - MISCELLANEOUS MATERIAL"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1938"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1938"],"normalized_title_ssm":["1938 - MISCELLANEOUS MATERIAL"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":3901,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions"],"date_range_isim":[1938],"containers_ssim":["box 09","folder 25"],"_nest_path_":"/components#3520/components#379","timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:48:36.769Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115","_root_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_115","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_7_resources_115.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/100","title_ssm":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers"],"title_tesim":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1934-1995"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1934-1995"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.4","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/115"],"text":["MS.4","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/115","The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers","Hunter main collection of career papers and assorted objects: 118 boxes, 13 cm x 39.5 cm x 26.5\n\n\nHunter addition of mainly family correspondence and memorabilia and interviews with Hunter from 1993 to 1997: 15 boxes, 14 boxes are 13 cm x 39.5 cm x 26.5 cm, 1 box is 27 cm x 33 cm x 41 cm.","There are no restrictions.","\nThomas Harrison Hunter was born in Chicago on October 12, 1913. Despite a childhood bout with polio that left him on crutches from the age of seven, Hunter was a coxswain on the crew teams at both Harvard and Cambridge, where he was a Henry Fellow at Trinity Hall. He completed his medical education at Harvard Medical School.\n","\nDuring his internship and residency training at Columbia University Presbyterian Hospital in New York, Hunter began the clinical research that would lead to a dual antibiotic treatment for bacterial endocarditis, an infection of the heart's lining and valves that had previously been uniformly fatal.\n","\nHunter was Dean of the University of Virginia School of Medicine from 1953 to 1965, Chancellor for Medical Affairs from 1965 to 1970, and Vice President for Medical Affairs from 1970 to 1971. In 1970 he received the Thomas Jefferson Award, the highest honor bestowed by the University of Virginia. In 1973 he received the Raven Award for excellence in service and contribution to the University. In 1971 Hunter was named Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science, co-founding the model Program in Human Biology and Society with Joseph Fletcher. In addition he served as President of the American Association of Medical Colleges (AAMC) and Treasurer of the Pan American Federation of Associations of Medical Schools (PAFAMS), of which he was a founder.\n","\nThomas H. Hunter was deeply interested in international medicine, arguing that health and medicine provide a uniquely powerful bridge to international understanding. In his presidential address to the AAMC in 1960, Hunter called the attention of the United States medical community to its opportunities and responsibilities in other countries. Accompanied by his wife, Anne Fulcher Hunter and their five children, Hunter spent a year teaching in Cali, Colombia as a representative of the Rockefeller Foundation. He also worked and taught in Egypt, Venezuela, Tunisia, Kenya, Cameroon, Chile, and Brazil. The Thomas H. Hunter Professorship of International Medicine was established in 1989 by the University of Virginia Medical School.\n","\nThroughout his career, Thomas H. Hunter served in an advisory capacity to numerous medical schools in the United States and was a pioneer in the field of bioethics. His life was characterized by the promulgation of scientific excellence combined with human compassion. Thomas H. Hunter died on October 23, 1997 at his home in Cismont, Virginia.\n","Processed by: Historical Collections Staff","Finding Aid by M. Alison White","\nThe Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers comprises 118 boxes of official correspondence, statistical reports, ledgers and appointment books, photographs, medals and certificates, student notebooks, conference booklets, reprints of scientific and administrative articles, microscope slides, cassettes, and videotapes.\n","\nThe Hunter Addition to the Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers consists of fourteen boxes of personal papers which complement the original collection.\n","These videos document a series of interviews with Dr. Thomas H. Hunter conducted by Dr. Edward W. Hook. The subject matter is biographical, with special emphasis on Dr. Hunter's experiences as Dean of the University of Virginia School of Medicine, Chancellor of Medical affairs, and Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science.","Hunter describes parents, grandparents, uncles, parents' divorce, transportation of that era, family finances, and his childhood before polio.","Hunter describes effects of polio; living with his mother in Boston while receiving treatment; remarriage of mother; spending summers in Niles, Michigan; school years; classmates that became life-long friends; participating on the rowing team; not being considered \"a cripple.\"","Hunter describes \"no books, no God\"; superstition about the number 13; polio and the possible cause; polio treatment; career choices; father, mother, grandfathers, and Aunt Jesse; summers in Niles, Michigan; schools, headmasters and classmates; importance of participating on rowing team despite being disabled in that era.","\nVideo concludes with Photographs of family, friends and Dr. Hunter at various ages. Images show: Grandfather Hunter; Florence (Patchen) Hunter, grandmother; father in office, the early years before marriage; father smoking a pipe in front of a mirror; Aunt Jesse (devoted herself to 4 generations of Hunter men, never married, and lived with Dr. Hunter until her death); Hunter's mother and him as an infant; Uncle on mother's side; Hunter as an infant; Hunter and mother at approximate age of 2 l/2 - 3 years old; Hunter in wagon, about 3 years old; Barron Lake with grandfather and Aunt Jesse; Hunter on tricycle, about 4 years old; Hunter working with grandfather on farm in Niles, Michigan, about 5-6 years old; Hunter with father at about 5; Hunter with wagon and horse, which belonged to the neighbor; Uncle LeMont, father, and Hunter, first year after polio in 1922 at Barron Lake house; Hunter on crutches at the Niles, Michigan home; Class of Belmont Hill, Boston; Mother at a much later date; Hunter 9 - 11 years old; Hunter, 21 years old, an undergraduate at Harvard, about 1934.\n","Hunter describes his years at Bellmont Hill School, Boston, as the formative days of his childhood. He is very thankful for the time, events, and people of these years at this school; thought of headmasters and friends as his family; was a Monday thru Friday boarder and home on weekends; participated in rowing, tennis, golf and the football team; won prizes in French and Latin and the School Medal; learned the value of team effort; became aware of his polio and its residual damage, but accepted it and incorporated it into his life.","Hunter describes majoring in Psychology and Philosophy; financing his education through scholarships and employment; the pros and cons of Harvard University; his experiences on the honors bracket, student council, as officer of the class, as member of the Signet Society, and playing golf; his favorite courses in the fine arts.","Hunter graduated from Harvard and traveled by sea to England; was assigned a room at the Inner Court of Trinity Hall; received the Henry Fellowship for 1 year; stayed at Cambridge for 3 years; was coxswain on the rowing team; received the Henry Fellowship his second year; continued rowing in year three and received his \"blue\" (letter) on the varsity team; studied and worked all year with no exams; completed oral examinations for a week at the end of the year.","Hunter prepared for studying medicine at Harvard. Courses of study included anatomy, biochemistry, physiology, pharmacology, pathology, and organic chemistry. Students were assigned a tutor who oversaw the college, economic, and cultural life of the student. Hunter departed from Cambridge in 1938; was \"very obtuse to the menace of Hitler and war and never got the full impact of the war\" until much later; returned to Harvard to pursue medical education fall, 1938.","Hunter started Harvard Medical School fall, 1938 and graduated 1940; satisfied basic science requirements, but had limited clinical experience; had Dr. Stead, as instructor at the Boston City Hospital; rotated between 3 different hospitals; did surgical rotation at Brigham Young; worked with Dr. Gamble in the lab (this was his first move into research and lab work); co-authored a paper with Dr. Alfred Shoal on the development and method for measuring serum protein; began internship at the Presbyterian Hospital in New York, February, 1941; married in 1943.","Hunter graduated in 1940; completed internship, 1941-1944; completed residency in 1945. Dr. William Parson, Professor Emeritus, University of Virginia and Chairman of the Department of Medicine 1949-1966 joins Dr. Hunter and Dr. Hook in part 9. Both had interned at Presbyterian Hospital in New York. Parson was one year ahead of Hunter. Hunter was a \"pup\" for 3 months which involved doing procedures, testing, and lab work from the periphery. After 3 months Hunter rotated to surgery, took care of patients, did private service, worked on female and male wards. After attack on Pearl Harbor everyone went off to war. Hunter remained in the United States; married on March 7, 1943; completed residency in 1945; attended the Army Medical School, Walter Reed Hospital, and studied tropical medicine; travelled to Cost Rica where he observed poor patient care which impacted him deeply; became instructor in medicine at the College of Physicians and Surgery at Columbia University; worked with penicillin in the early days of development and manufacture; participated in human research; wrestled with ethical decisions regarding informed consent of the patient.","Hunter quickly assumed higher position and responsibilities at Columbia; received intense clinical experience during this time; described how Dr. Parson was instrumental in bringing Dr. Hunter to U.Va. as Chairman of Internal Medicine; visited UVA in 1952 and was impressed but still did not want the job; was re-invited to U.Va. to be the Dean; as Dean, built relationships with universities, medical schools, and the NIH; through relationship with the NIH and Ken Crispell, contributed to the expansion of the basic sciences buildings; regretted resisting expansion and fund raising during his years as dean; experienced hostility when he signed a document and agreed with Medicare during the Kennedy administration; traveled to South America to work and he was ousted from the deanship while away; became Chancellor in 1964; regretted not anticipating or respecting the roles of African-Americans and women in medicine, education, and leadership; worked to keep the medical school an integral part of the university.","Hunter earned a $2500.00 salary after finishing residency in 1947; decided he could not stay at the hospital; entered private practice where first annual salary was $13,000.00; traveled to South America for 6 weeks; worked in the United Fruit Company hospital where most patients were employees with various diseases and conditions; remained an instructor at Columbia, studying, investigating, and treating patients with penicillin from Pfizer; taught many nursing students; was contacted by Washington University in 1947; moved to Washington University in St. Louis in 1947 with wife, 2 children, elderly aunt and a maid; attended on the ward with no private practice; had his own lab where he could continue his work with penicillin; was promoted to Associate Professor of Medicine and Associate Dean; uncovered the synergy between penicillin and streptomycin (this discovery occurred while treating a patient).","Hunter was invited by Dr. Parsons in 1952 for job as the Dean of Medicine; though the School of Medicine was very small and poor, but had an excellent reputation for turning out reputable graduates. Hunter found the budget situation impossible to work with; was invited back to U.Va. after all candidates had been interviewed. Colgate Darden was the current president and was persuasive in convincing Hunter to come to U.Va. Hunter was attracted by the fact that the University was an old school with great assets. He viewed U.Va. as a relatively small, manageable, high quality academic setting not requiring a big administrative machine. Hunter's agenda included gaining financial support from the State Assembly, turning out more graduates on a slightly larger scale, accepting the cream-of-the-crop applicants, and providing better jobs and training. Hunter's first years were spent working with students, teaching, and being with patients. He did not come to U.Va. with aggressive ideas for building and growth.","Hunter arrived as Dean February, 1953; was 40 years old; had to work with an impossible budget; recieved a low salary; reported to the President of the University; was moved by the degree of growth and quality of the University; saw that there was a lot to be accomplished. There was a faculty of about 50-60 people and 76 students; almost all male; almost all white; from a wide geographic distribution. Hunter worked to break down the negative attitude of potential faculty recruits who saw U.Va. as poor, small, restricted, and provincial; agitated some because he did not want to build buildings, but build people; had a small lab in McKim and a grant during his first 7-10 years; worked on the chemical mechanism of penicillin on different states of organisms and antibacterial activities in other places and its effects in water, plants, and foreign bodies. Hunter's interests declined in the lab, and he became more excited by teaching. He focused on NIH, AAMC, international affairs, and ethics. This took him outside the University and has been attributed to putting the School of Medicine on the map. Hunter also had difficulties in the early years regarding racism and his \"color blindness,\" the Rose Garden affair (Medicare), and a speech he gave to a national gathering of pharmacologists blasting McCarthy.","Hunter's strongest supporters during this period were Dr. Parsons, Doug Eastwood, and Dave Smith. Hunter felt that the Dean had to balance obligation to the university and the department; emphasized a cooperative environment at the School of Medicine where people were comfortable together; did not realize how inadequate many of the facilities were and how the financial structure needed a boost from various sources; credits Ken Crispell with the vision that moved the School forward (Crispell obtained grants to construct buildings for the basic sciences); during this time was president of AAMC, served a 6 year tour at Harvard Board of Overseers, and worked with the NIH International Committee; conceded that his outside interests took up a lot of his time from the University; spent 1962-1963 in California and Colombia; became Chancellor for Medical Affairs in 1966; served as a member of the Center for Advanced Study; was involved with the Rose Garden Affair (Medicare).","Hunter temporarily re-located because of the reaction to his support of Medicare (the Rose Garden Affair); was invited by the Rockefeller Foundation and NIH to start a new international medical school program; relocated to California. The program sought to develop American-style medical schools abroad in key areas. Hunter describes the difficulties of implementing the program in Colombia; outlines reasons for its failure. Spring, 1963, Hunter suffered a collapsed lung and underwent surgery. Complications occurred and he was sent to Presbyterian Hospital in New York. Fall, 1963, Hunter, still recovering, returned to U.Va. and stepped down to become Chancellor of Medical Affairs.","Hunter discusses the separation of the School of Public Health and the School of Medicine; discusses reasons for his stepping down as Dean of the School of Medicine; became Chancellor of Medical Affairs (title was later changed to Vice President of Health Affairs with no change in responsibilities); in 1971 named Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science; no longer required to work in the framework of the administration.","Hunter clarifies points from previous interviews and discusses future topics of conversation; gives views on retirement (retired in 1981 at the age of 68); felt that he should retire so as not to be a \"financial drain\" on the institution; realizes that his time at UVA was a period where many changes were taking place across the country and at UVA in school structures, requirements, and financial support; was a member of several prestigious societies: Center for Advanced Studies, speaker at a seminar at the Centennial Meeting Of the Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Chair of the University Wide Purpose Committee, Distinguished Service Member of AAMC, President of AAMC, UVA Senate, and a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences; was instrumental in starting several Medical Schools: Brown, Morehouse College; Tufts; was awarded the Thomas Jefferson Award and the Raven Society Award.","Dr. Hook clarifies date and content of the letter of resignation written by Hunter on March 24, 1964 to Dr. Edgar Shannon. It was understood that Dr. Ken Crispell, who had been serving in the position as Acting Dean would be appointed as Dean of the Medical School on the same day. Also on March 24, 1964 Shannon made Hunter Chancellor. Crispell wanted to tighten up the Medical School administration and Hunter wanted to \"branch out\" into various areas of the SChool of Medicine and University. Hunter wanted to explore the national and international aspects of medical education. Crispell sent Hunter a letter on April 3, 1964 outlining the concerns he had with vacant positions due to illness and positions vacated by faculty for various reasons. Hunter and Crispell worked together identifying and recruiting people for the various vacant positions in the basic sciences. Hook then investigates Hunter's views on God, love, marriage, homosexuality, HIV/AIDS, and prostitution.","Dr. Norman Thornton is interviewed with Hunter and recalls times when Hunter was Dean and Chancellor and the Rose Garden Affair. Thornton was a U.Va. undergraduate in 1926; graduated in 1936; served 4 years in the military; was associated with U.Va. as a student and faculty member for 29 years; gives gave his views and discusses Hunter's years as Dean, sojourn to California, illness, return to dean after illness, resignation and appointment as chancellor; notes that since the beginning Hunter did not want administrative responsibilities. Hunter delegated to department heads; had an open door policy and provided help whenever he could, considering the poor budget; did not interfere with the department heads. Prominent figures in Hunter's office were John Stacy, who was in charge of the hospital and Vincent Shay who was in charge of getting financial support for the institution. Vincent Archer and Hank Mulholland were responsible for all political aspects of getting money from Richmond. Ken Crispell is given credit for putting U.Va. on the map because of his promotion of the basic sciences and building expansions.","Harlen was the administrative assistant when Hunter was Dean in 1953. Harlin verifies the history of Hunter as dean, chancellor, and Professor Emeritus; discusses the pressure from alumni to fire Hunter over his support of Medicare; states that Hunter was a born leader; discusses Hunter's personnel interactions and budget management. The interview reviews the relationships of faculty, Dean, Vice President, and administrators at U.Va.; management styles; politics and economics; enormous changes of women rights and equality.","Interview with Dr. Robert M. Berne and Hunter. Berne was Chairman of the Physiology Department 1966-1988; Professor Emeritus in 1994; was recruited by Hunter to head the Physiology Department; was impressed by the new buildings, funding and grants available for renovations, and availability of new equipment and personnel. Most of Berne's contact was with Ken Crispell. They discuss overall lack of funding in light of inflation, researcher salaries, and decline in support from the state.","Dr. Hook and Dr. Leo S. Falk are with Dr. Hunter at his home in Cismont, VA. Dr. Hunter is in poor health, confined to his bed; is thankful for a fulfilling life; expresses a desire to be let \"out of the trap he finds himself in\"; reminisces and gives short bio of his life; cannot understand why people are delaying his death; has no interest in prolonging his existence; asks Dr. Hook to provide a morphine drip and let him peacefully slip away; discusses the topic of personal suicide, physician assisted suicide, and the legalities involved; asks Hook to \"arrange for me to be allowed to have an appropriate exit.\" Dr. Thomas Hunter died October 23, 1997.","Dr. Hook and Dr. Hunter discuss terminal illness and dying. Hunter has selected Hook to take care of medical decisions regarding his death when Hunter becomes incapable; does not want his wife to be burdened; discusses quality of life; emphasizes trust when selecting someone to make decisions regarding life support, resuscitation, withdrawing medications, etc.; felt that he was dying when he was in California; accepted it emotionally that he was dying; was not frightened by death. Hook and Hunter agree that patients with terminal illness are isolated. There should be care expanded to patients who know they do not have long to live. Today's medicine is so advanced; prolongs the biological life as long as the vital processes are going on. Lawyers and others are taking over all decisions in many cases. Jonathan Mednick, filmmaker; Margot White, producer","Interview with Dr. Hook and Hunter. Dr. Hunter is in poor health; discusses his quality of life and desire to be \"allowed to die\"; expresses feelings about Hook's refusal to assist in suicide; discusses his legacy and how he wants to be remembered after death; shares thoughts about possible suicide of father and grandfather; expresses pride in his grandson. After the interview, Hook records his own thoughts about Hunter's views on the topics of personal suicide and physician assisted suicide.","There are no restrictions","Claude Moore Health Sciences Library","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.4","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/115"],"normalized_title_ssm":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers"],"collection_ssim":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Hunter main collection of career papers and assorted objects: 118 boxes, 13 cm x 39.5 cm x 26.5\n\n\nHunter addition of mainly family correspondence and memorabilia and interviews with Hunter from 1993 to 1997: 15 boxes, 14 boxes are 13 cm x 39.5 cm x 26.5 cm, 1 box is 27 cm x 33 cm x 41 cm."],"extent_ssm":["56 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["56 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nThomas Harrison Hunter was born in Chicago on October 12, 1913. Despite a childhood bout with polio that left him on crutches from the age of seven, Hunter was a coxswain on the crew teams at both Harvard and Cambridge, where he was a Henry Fellow at Trinity Hall. He completed his medical education at Harvard Medical School.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nDuring his internship and residency training at Columbia University Presbyterian Hospital in New York, Hunter began the clinical research that would lead to a dual antibiotic treatment for bacterial endocarditis, an infection of the heart's lining and valves that had previously been uniformly fatal.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nHunter was Dean of the University of Virginia School of Medicine from 1953 to 1965, Chancellor for Medical Affairs from 1965 to 1970, and Vice President for Medical Affairs from 1970 to 1971. In 1970 he received the Thomas Jefferson Award, the highest honor bestowed by the University of Virginia. In 1973 he received the Raven Award for excellence in service and contribution to the University. In 1971 Hunter was named Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science, co-founding the model Program in Human Biology and Society with Joseph Fletcher. In addition he served as President of the American Association of Medical Colleges (AAMC) and Treasurer of the Pan American Federation of Associations of Medical Schools (PAFAMS), of which he was a founder.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThomas H. Hunter was deeply interested in international medicine, arguing that health and medicine provide a uniquely powerful bridge to international understanding. In his presidential address to the AAMC in 1960, Hunter called the attention of the United States medical community to its opportunities and responsibilities in other countries. Accompanied by his wife, Anne Fulcher Hunter and their five children, Hunter spent a year teaching in Cali, Colombia as a representative of the Rockefeller Foundation. He also worked and taught in Egypt, Venezuela, Tunisia, Kenya, Cameroon, Chile, and Brazil. The Thomas H. Hunter Professorship of International Medicine was established in 1989 by the University of Virginia Medical School.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThroughout his career, Thomas H. Hunter served in an advisory capacity to numerous medical schools in the United States and was a pioneer in the field of bioethics. His life was characterized by the promulgation of scientific excellence combined with human compassion. Thomas H. Hunter died on October 23, 1997 at his home in Cismont, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["\nThomas Harrison Hunter was born in Chicago on October 12, 1913. Despite a childhood bout with polio that left him on crutches from the age of seven, Hunter was a coxswain on the crew teams at both Harvard and Cambridge, where he was a Henry Fellow at Trinity Hall. He completed his medical education at Harvard Medical School.\n","\nDuring his internship and residency training at Columbia University Presbyterian Hospital in New York, Hunter began the clinical research that would lead to a dual antibiotic treatment for bacterial endocarditis, an infection of the heart's lining and valves that had previously been uniformly fatal.\n","\nHunter was Dean of the University of Virginia School of Medicine from 1953 to 1965, Chancellor for Medical Affairs from 1965 to 1970, and Vice President for Medical Affairs from 1970 to 1971. In 1970 he received the Thomas Jefferson Award, the highest honor bestowed by the University of Virginia. In 1973 he received the Raven Award for excellence in service and contribution to the University. In 1971 Hunter was named Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science, co-founding the model Program in Human Biology and Society with Joseph Fletcher. In addition he served as President of the American Association of Medical Colleges (AAMC) and Treasurer of the Pan American Federation of Associations of Medical Schools (PAFAMS), of which he was a founder.\n","\nThomas H. Hunter was deeply interested in international medicine, arguing that health and medicine provide a uniquely powerful bridge to international understanding. In his presidential address to the AAMC in 1960, Hunter called the attention of the United States medical community to its opportunities and responsibilities in other countries. Accompanied by his wife, Anne Fulcher Hunter and their five children, Hunter spent a year teaching in Cali, Colombia as a representative of the Rockefeller Foundation. He also worked and taught in Egypt, Venezuela, Tunisia, Kenya, Cameroon, Chile, and Brazil. The Thomas H. Hunter Professorship of International Medicine was established in 1989 by the University of Virginia Medical School.\n","\nThroughout his career, Thomas H. Hunter served in an advisory capacity to numerous medical schools in the United States and was a pioneer in the field of bioethics. His life was characterized by the promulgation of scientific excellence combined with human compassion. Thomas H. Hunter died on October 23, 1997 at his home in Cismont, Virginia.\n"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eProcessed by:\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eHistorical Collections Staff\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["Processed by: Historical Collections Staff"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers, MS-4, Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, Historical Collections and Services, University of Virginia\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["The Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers, MS-4, Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, Historical Collections and Services, University of Virginia"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFinding Aid by M. Alison White\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Finding Aid by M. Alison White"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nThe Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers comprises 118 boxes of official correspondence, statistical reports, ledgers and appointment books, photographs, medals and certificates, student notebooks, conference booklets, reprints of scientific and administrative articles, microscope slides, cassettes, and videotapes.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Hunter Addition to the Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers consists of fourteen boxes of personal papers which complement the original collection.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese videos document a series of interviews with Dr. Thomas H. Hunter conducted by Dr. Edward W. Hook. The subject matter is biographical, with special emphasis on Dr. Hunter's experiences as Dean of the University of Virginia School of Medicine, Chancellor of Medical affairs, and Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter describes parents, grandparents, uncles, parents' divorce, transportation of that era, family finances, and his childhood before polio.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter describes effects of polio; living with his mother in Boston while receiving treatment; remarriage of mother; spending summers in Niles, Michigan; school years; classmates that became life-long friends; participating on the rowing team; not being considered \"a cripple.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter describes \"no books, no God\"; superstition about the number 13; polio and the possible cause; polio treatment; career choices; father, mother, grandfathers, and Aunt Jesse; summers in Niles, Michigan; schools, headmasters and classmates; importance of participating on rowing team despite being disabled in that era.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nVideo concludes with Photographs of family, friends and Dr. Hunter at various ages. Images show: Grandfather Hunter; Florence (Patchen) Hunter, grandmother; father in office, the early years before marriage; father smoking a pipe in front of a mirror; Aunt Jesse (devoted herself to 4 generations of Hunter men, never married, and lived with Dr. Hunter until her death); Hunter's mother and him as an infant; Uncle on mother's side; Hunter as an infant; Hunter and mother at approximate age of 2 l/2 - 3 years old; Hunter in wagon, about 3 years old; Barron Lake with grandfather and Aunt Jesse; Hunter on tricycle, about 4 years old; Hunter working with grandfather on farm in Niles, Michigan, about 5-6 years old; Hunter with father at about 5; Hunter with wagon and horse, which belonged to the neighbor; Uncle LeMont, father, and Hunter, first year after polio in 1922 at Barron Lake house; Hunter on crutches at the Niles, Michigan home; Class of Belmont Hill, Boston; Mother at a much later date; Hunter 9 - 11 years old; Hunter, 21 years old, an undergraduate at Harvard, about 1934.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter describes his years at Bellmont Hill School, Boston, as the formative days of his childhood. He is very thankful for the time, events, and people of these years at this school; thought of headmasters and friends as his family; was a Monday thru Friday boarder and home on weekends; participated in rowing, tennis, golf and the football team; won prizes in French and Latin and the School Medal; learned the value of team effort; became aware of his polio and its residual damage, but accepted it and incorporated it into his life.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter describes majoring in Psychology and Philosophy; financing his education through scholarships and employment; the pros and cons of Harvard University; his experiences on the honors bracket, student council, as officer of the class, as member of the Signet Society, and playing golf; his favorite courses in the fine arts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter graduated from Harvard and traveled by sea to England; was assigned a room at the Inner Court of Trinity Hall; received the Henry Fellowship for 1 year; stayed at Cambridge for 3 years; was coxswain on the rowing team; received the Henry Fellowship his second year; continued rowing in year three and received his \"blue\" (letter) on the varsity team; studied and worked all year with no exams; completed oral examinations for a week at the end of the year.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter prepared for studying medicine at Harvard. Courses of study included anatomy, biochemistry, physiology, pharmacology, pathology, and organic chemistry. Students were assigned a tutor who oversaw the college, economic, and cultural life of the student. Hunter departed from Cambridge in 1938; was \"very obtuse to the menace of Hitler and war and never got the full impact of the war\" until much later; returned to Harvard to pursue medical education fall, 1938.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter started Harvard Medical School fall, 1938 and graduated 1940; satisfied basic science requirements, but had limited clinical experience; had Dr. Stead, as instructor at the Boston City Hospital; rotated between 3 different hospitals; did surgical rotation at Brigham Young; worked with Dr. Gamble in the lab (this was his first move into research and lab work); co-authored a paper with Dr. Alfred Shoal on the development and method for measuring serum protein; began internship at the Presbyterian Hospital in New York, February, 1941; married in 1943.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter graduated in 1940; completed internship, 1941-1944; completed residency in 1945. Dr. William Parson, Professor Emeritus, University of Virginia and Chairman of the Department of Medicine 1949-1966 joins Dr. Hunter and Dr. Hook in part 9. Both had interned at Presbyterian Hospital in New York. Parson was one year ahead of Hunter. Hunter was a \"pup\" for 3 months which involved doing procedures, testing, and lab work from the periphery. After 3 months Hunter rotated to surgery, took care of patients, did private service, worked on female and male wards. After attack on Pearl Harbor everyone went off to war. Hunter remained in the United States; married on March 7, 1943; completed residency in 1945; attended the Army Medical School, Walter Reed Hospital, and studied tropical medicine; travelled to Cost Rica where he observed poor patient care which impacted him deeply; became instructor in medicine at the College of Physicians and Surgery at Columbia University; worked with penicillin in the early days of development and manufacture; participated in human research; wrestled with ethical decisions regarding informed consent of the patient.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter quickly assumed higher position and responsibilities at Columbia; received intense clinical experience during this time; described how Dr. Parson was instrumental in bringing Dr. Hunter to U.Va. as Chairman of Internal Medicine; visited UVA in 1952 and was impressed but still did not want the job; was re-invited to U.Va. to be the Dean; as Dean, built relationships with universities, medical schools, and the NIH; through relationship with the NIH and Ken Crispell, contributed to the expansion of the basic sciences buildings; regretted resisting expansion and fund raising during his years as dean; experienced hostility when he signed a document and agreed with Medicare during the Kennedy administration; traveled to South America to work and he was ousted from the deanship while away; became Chancellor in 1964; regretted not anticipating or respecting the roles of African-Americans and women in medicine, education, and leadership; worked to keep the medical school an integral part of the university.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter earned a $2500.00 salary after finishing residency in 1947; decided he could not stay at the hospital; entered private practice where first annual salary was $13,000.00; traveled to South America for 6 weeks; worked in the United Fruit Company hospital where most patients were employees with various diseases and conditions; remained an instructor at Columbia, studying, investigating, and treating patients with penicillin from Pfizer; taught many nursing students; was contacted by Washington University in 1947; moved to Washington University in St. Louis in 1947 with wife, 2 children, elderly aunt and a maid; attended on the ward with no private practice; had his own lab where he could continue his work with penicillin; was promoted to Associate Professor of Medicine and Associate Dean; uncovered the synergy between penicillin and streptomycin (this discovery occurred while treating a patient).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter was invited by Dr. Parsons in 1952 for job as the Dean of Medicine; though the School of Medicine was very small and poor, but had an excellent reputation for turning out reputable graduates. Hunter found the budget situation impossible to work with; was invited back to U.Va. after all candidates had been interviewed. Colgate Darden was the current president and was persuasive in convincing Hunter to come to U.Va. Hunter was attracted by the fact that the University was an old school with great assets. He viewed U.Va. as a relatively small, manageable, high quality academic setting not requiring a big administrative machine. Hunter's agenda included gaining financial support from the State Assembly, turning out more graduates on a slightly larger scale, accepting the cream-of-the-crop applicants, and providing better jobs and training. Hunter's first years were spent working with students, teaching, and being with patients. He did not come to U.Va. with aggressive ideas for building and growth.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter arrived as Dean February, 1953; was 40 years old; had to work with an impossible budget; recieved a low salary; reported to the President of the University; was moved by the degree of growth and quality of the University; saw that there was a lot to be accomplished. There was a faculty of about 50-60 people and 76 students; almost all male; almost all white; from a wide geographic distribution. Hunter worked to break down the negative attitude of potential faculty recruits who saw U.Va. as poor, small, restricted, and provincial; agitated some because he did not want to build buildings, but build people; had a small lab in McKim and a grant during his first 7-10 years; worked on the chemical mechanism of penicillin on different states of organisms and antibacterial activities in other places and its effects in water, plants, and foreign bodies. Hunter's interests declined in the lab, and he became more excited by teaching. He focused on NIH, AAMC, international affairs, and ethics. This took him outside the University and has been attributed to putting the School of Medicine on the map. Hunter also had difficulties in the early years regarding racism and his \"color blindness,\" the Rose Garden affair (Medicare), and a speech he gave to a national gathering of pharmacologists blasting McCarthy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter's strongest supporters during this period were Dr. Parsons, Doug Eastwood, and Dave Smith. Hunter felt that the Dean had to balance obligation to the university and the department; emphasized a cooperative environment at the School of Medicine where people were comfortable together; did not realize how inadequate many of the facilities were and how the financial structure needed a boost from various sources; credits Ken Crispell with the vision that moved the School forward (Crispell obtained grants to construct buildings for the basic sciences); during this time was president of AAMC, served a 6 year tour at Harvard Board of Overseers, and worked with the NIH International Committee; conceded that his outside interests took up a lot of his time from the University; spent 1962-1963 in California and Colombia; became Chancellor for Medical Affairs in 1966; served as a member of the Center for Advanced Study; was involved with the Rose Garden Affair (Medicare).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter temporarily re-located because of the reaction to his support of Medicare (the Rose Garden Affair); was invited by the Rockefeller Foundation and NIH to start a new international medical school program; relocated to California. The program sought to develop American-style medical schools abroad in key areas. Hunter describes the difficulties of implementing the program in Colombia; outlines reasons for its failure. Spring, 1963, Hunter suffered a collapsed lung and underwent surgery. Complications occurred and he was sent to Presbyterian Hospital in New York. Fall, 1963, Hunter, still recovering, returned to U.Va. and stepped down to become Chancellor of Medical Affairs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter discusses the separation of the School of Public Health and the School of Medicine; discusses reasons for his stepping down as Dean of the School of Medicine; became Chancellor of Medical Affairs (title was later changed to Vice President of Health Affairs with no change in responsibilities); in 1971 named Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science; no longer required to work in the framework of the administration.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHunter clarifies points from previous interviews and discusses future topics of conversation; gives views on retirement (retired in 1981 at the age of 68); felt that he should retire so as not to be a \"financial drain\" on the institution; realizes that his time at UVA was a period where many changes were taking place across the country and at UVA in school structures, requirements, and financial support; was a member of several prestigious societies: Center for Advanced Studies, speaker at a seminar at the Centennial Meeting Of the Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Chair of the University Wide Purpose Committee, Distinguished Service Member of AAMC, President of AAMC, UVA Senate, and a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences; was instrumental in starting several Medical Schools: Brown, Morehouse College; Tufts; was awarded the Thomas Jefferson Award and the Raven Society Award.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Hook clarifies date and content of the letter of resignation written by Hunter on March 24, 1964 to Dr. Edgar Shannon. It was understood that Dr. Ken Crispell, who had been serving in the position as Acting Dean would be appointed as Dean of the Medical School on the same day. Also on March 24, 1964 Shannon made Hunter Chancellor. Crispell wanted to tighten up the Medical School administration and Hunter wanted to \"branch out\" into various areas of the SChool of Medicine and University. Hunter wanted to explore the national and international aspects of medical education. Crispell sent Hunter a letter on April 3, 1964 outlining the concerns he had with vacant positions due to illness and positions vacated by faculty for various reasons. Hunter and Crispell worked together identifying and recruiting people for the various vacant positions in the basic sciences. Hook then investigates Hunter's views on God, love, marriage, homosexuality, HIV/AIDS, and prostitution.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Norman Thornton is interviewed with Hunter and recalls times when Hunter was Dean and Chancellor and the Rose Garden Affair. Thornton was a U.Va. undergraduate in 1926; graduated in 1936; served 4 years in the military; was associated with U.Va. as a student and faculty member for 29 years; gives gave his views and discusses Hunter's years as Dean, sojourn to California, illness, return to dean after illness, resignation and appointment as chancellor; notes that since the beginning Hunter did not want administrative responsibilities. Hunter delegated to department heads; had an open door policy and provided help whenever he could, considering the poor budget; did not interfere with the department heads. Prominent figures in Hunter's office were John Stacy, who was in charge of the hospital and Vincent Shay who was in charge of getting financial support for the institution. Vincent Archer and Hank Mulholland were responsible for all political aspects of getting money from Richmond. Ken Crispell is given credit for putting U.Va. on the map because of his promotion of the basic sciences and building expansions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarlen was the administrative assistant when Hunter was Dean in 1953. Harlin verifies the history of Hunter as dean, chancellor, and Professor Emeritus; discusses the pressure from alumni to fire Hunter over his support of Medicare; states that Hunter was a born leader; discusses Hunter's personnel interactions and budget management. The interview reviews the relationships of faculty, Dean, Vice President, and administrators at U.Va.; management styles; politics and economics; enormous changes of women rights and equality.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterview with Dr. Robert M. Berne and Hunter. Berne was Chairman of the Physiology Department 1966-1988; Professor Emeritus in 1994; was recruited by Hunter to head the Physiology Department; was impressed by the new buildings, funding and grants available for renovations, and availability of new equipment and personnel. Most of Berne's contact was with Ken Crispell. They discuss overall lack of funding in light of inflation, researcher salaries, and decline in support from the state.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Hook and Dr. Leo S. Falk are with Dr. Hunter at his home in Cismont, VA. Dr. Hunter is in poor health, confined to his bed; is thankful for a fulfilling life; expresses a desire to be let \"out of the trap he finds himself in\"; reminisces and gives short bio of his life; cannot understand why people are delaying his death; has no interest in prolonging his existence; asks Dr. Hook to provide a morphine drip and let him peacefully slip away; discusses the topic of personal suicide, physician assisted suicide, and the legalities involved; asks Hook to \"arrange for me to be allowed to have an appropriate exit.\" Dr. Thomas Hunter died October 23, 1997.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Hook and Dr. Hunter discuss terminal illness and dying. Hunter has selected Hook to take care of medical decisions regarding his death when Hunter becomes incapable; does not want his wife to be burdened; discusses quality of life; emphasizes trust when selecting someone to make decisions regarding life support, resuscitation, withdrawing medications, etc.; felt that he was dying when he was in California; accepted it emotionally that he was dying; was not frightened by death. Hook and Hunter agree that patients with terminal illness are isolated. There should be care expanded to patients who know they do not have long to live. Today's medicine is so advanced; prolongs the biological life as long as the vital processes are going on. Lawyers and others are taking over all decisions in many cases. Jonathan Mednick, filmmaker; Margot White, producer\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterview with Dr. Hook and Hunter. Dr. Hunter is in poor health; discusses his quality of life and desire to be \"allowed to die\"; expresses feelings about Hook's refusal to assist in suicide; discusses his legacy and how he wants to be remembered after death; shares thoughts about possible suicide of father and grandfather; expresses pride in his grandson. After the interview, Hook records his own thoughts about Hunter's views on the topics of personal suicide and physician assisted suicide.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["\nThe Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers comprises 118 boxes of official correspondence, statistical reports, ledgers and appointment books, photographs, medals and certificates, student notebooks, conference booklets, reprints of scientific and administrative articles, microscope slides, cassettes, and videotapes.\n","\nThe Hunter Addition to the Thomas Harrison Hunter Papers consists of fourteen boxes of personal papers which complement the original collection.\n","These videos document a series of interviews with Dr. Thomas H. Hunter conducted by Dr. Edward W. Hook. The subject matter is biographical, with special emphasis on Dr. Hunter's experiences as Dean of the University of Virginia School of Medicine, Chancellor of Medical affairs, and Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science.","Hunter describes parents, grandparents, uncles, parents' divorce, transportation of that era, family finances, and his childhood before polio.","Hunter describes effects of polio; living with his mother in Boston while receiving treatment; remarriage of mother; spending summers in Niles, Michigan; school years; classmates that became life-long friends; participating on the rowing team; not being considered \"a cripple.\"","Hunter describes \"no books, no God\"; superstition about the number 13; polio and the possible cause; polio treatment; career choices; father, mother, grandfathers, and Aunt Jesse; summers in Niles, Michigan; schools, headmasters and classmates; importance of participating on rowing team despite being disabled in that era.","\nVideo concludes with Photographs of family, friends and Dr. Hunter at various ages. Images show: Grandfather Hunter; Florence (Patchen) Hunter, grandmother; father in office, the early years before marriage; father smoking a pipe in front of a mirror; Aunt Jesse (devoted herself to 4 generations of Hunter men, never married, and lived with Dr. Hunter until her death); Hunter's mother and him as an infant; Uncle on mother's side; Hunter as an infant; Hunter and mother at approximate age of 2 l/2 - 3 years old; Hunter in wagon, about 3 years old; Barron Lake with grandfather and Aunt Jesse; Hunter on tricycle, about 4 years old; Hunter working with grandfather on farm in Niles, Michigan, about 5-6 years old; Hunter with father at about 5; Hunter with wagon and horse, which belonged to the neighbor; Uncle LeMont, father, and Hunter, first year after polio in 1922 at Barron Lake house; Hunter on crutches at the Niles, Michigan home; Class of Belmont Hill, Boston; Mother at a much later date; Hunter 9 - 11 years old; Hunter, 21 years old, an undergraduate at Harvard, about 1934.\n","Hunter describes his years at Bellmont Hill School, Boston, as the formative days of his childhood. He is very thankful for the time, events, and people of these years at this school; thought of headmasters and friends as his family; was a Monday thru Friday boarder and home on weekends; participated in rowing, tennis, golf and the football team; won prizes in French and Latin and the School Medal; learned the value of team effort; became aware of his polio and its residual damage, but accepted it and incorporated it into his life.","Hunter describes majoring in Psychology and Philosophy; financing his education through scholarships and employment; the pros and cons of Harvard University; his experiences on the honors bracket, student council, as officer of the class, as member of the Signet Society, and playing golf; his favorite courses in the fine arts.","Hunter graduated from Harvard and traveled by sea to England; was assigned a room at the Inner Court of Trinity Hall; received the Henry Fellowship for 1 year; stayed at Cambridge for 3 years; was coxswain on the rowing team; received the Henry Fellowship his second year; continued rowing in year three and received his \"blue\" (letter) on the varsity team; studied and worked all year with no exams; completed oral examinations for a week at the end of the year.","Hunter prepared for studying medicine at Harvard. Courses of study included anatomy, biochemistry, physiology, pharmacology, pathology, and organic chemistry. Students were assigned a tutor who oversaw the college, economic, and cultural life of the student. Hunter departed from Cambridge in 1938; was \"very obtuse to the menace of Hitler and war and never got the full impact of the war\" until much later; returned to Harvard to pursue medical education fall, 1938.","Hunter started Harvard Medical School fall, 1938 and graduated 1940; satisfied basic science requirements, but had limited clinical experience; had Dr. Stead, as instructor at the Boston City Hospital; rotated between 3 different hospitals; did surgical rotation at Brigham Young; worked with Dr. Gamble in the lab (this was his first move into research and lab work); co-authored a paper with Dr. Alfred Shoal on the development and method for measuring serum protein; began internship at the Presbyterian Hospital in New York, February, 1941; married in 1943.","Hunter graduated in 1940; completed internship, 1941-1944; completed residency in 1945. Dr. William Parson, Professor Emeritus, University of Virginia and Chairman of the Department of Medicine 1949-1966 joins Dr. Hunter and Dr. Hook in part 9. Both had interned at Presbyterian Hospital in New York. Parson was one year ahead of Hunter. Hunter was a \"pup\" for 3 months which involved doing procedures, testing, and lab work from the periphery. After 3 months Hunter rotated to surgery, took care of patients, did private service, worked on female and male wards. After attack on Pearl Harbor everyone went off to war. Hunter remained in the United States; married on March 7, 1943; completed residency in 1945; attended the Army Medical School, Walter Reed Hospital, and studied tropical medicine; travelled to Cost Rica where he observed poor patient care which impacted him deeply; became instructor in medicine at the College of Physicians and Surgery at Columbia University; worked with penicillin in the early days of development and manufacture; participated in human research; wrestled with ethical decisions regarding informed consent of the patient.","Hunter quickly assumed higher position and responsibilities at Columbia; received intense clinical experience during this time; described how Dr. Parson was instrumental in bringing Dr. Hunter to U.Va. as Chairman of Internal Medicine; visited UVA in 1952 and was impressed but still did not want the job; was re-invited to U.Va. to be the Dean; as Dean, built relationships with universities, medical schools, and the NIH; through relationship with the NIH and Ken Crispell, contributed to the expansion of the basic sciences buildings; regretted resisting expansion and fund raising during his years as dean; experienced hostility when he signed a document and agreed with Medicare during the Kennedy administration; traveled to South America to work and he was ousted from the deanship while away; became Chancellor in 1964; regretted not anticipating or respecting the roles of African-Americans and women in medicine, education, and leadership; worked to keep the medical school an integral part of the university.","Hunter earned a $2500.00 salary after finishing residency in 1947; decided he could not stay at the hospital; entered private practice where first annual salary was $13,000.00; traveled to South America for 6 weeks; worked in the United Fruit Company hospital where most patients were employees with various diseases and conditions; remained an instructor at Columbia, studying, investigating, and treating patients with penicillin from Pfizer; taught many nursing students; was contacted by Washington University in 1947; moved to Washington University in St. Louis in 1947 with wife, 2 children, elderly aunt and a maid; attended on the ward with no private practice; had his own lab where he could continue his work with penicillin; was promoted to Associate Professor of Medicine and Associate Dean; uncovered the synergy between penicillin and streptomycin (this discovery occurred while treating a patient).","Hunter was invited by Dr. Parsons in 1952 for job as the Dean of Medicine; though the School of Medicine was very small and poor, but had an excellent reputation for turning out reputable graduates. Hunter found the budget situation impossible to work with; was invited back to U.Va. after all candidates had been interviewed. Colgate Darden was the current president and was persuasive in convincing Hunter to come to U.Va. Hunter was attracted by the fact that the University was an old school with great assets. He viewed U.Va. as a relatively small, manageable, high quality academic setting not requiring a big administrative machine. Hunter's agenda included gaining financial support from the State Assembly, turning out more graduates on a slightly larger scale, accepting the cream-of-the-crop applicants, and providing better jobs and training. Hunter's first years were spent working with students, teaching, and being with patients. He did not come to U.Va. with aggressive ideas for building and growth.","Hunter arrived as Dean February, 1953; was 40 years old; had to work with an impossible budget; recieved a low salary; reported to the President of the University; was moved by the degree of growth and quality of the University; saw that there was a lot to be accomplished. There was a faculty of about 50-60 people and 76 students; almost all male; almost all white; from a wide geographic distribution. Hunter worked to break down the negative attitude of potential faculty recruits who saw U.Va. as poor, small, restricted, and provincial; agitated some because he did not want to build buildings, but build people; had a small lab in McKim and a grant during his first 7-10 years; worked on the chemical mechanism of penicillin on different states of organisms and antibacterial activities in other places and its effects in water, plants, and foreign bodies. Hunter's interests declined in the lab, and he became more excited by teaching. He focused on NIH, AAMC, international affairs, and ethics. This took him outside the University and has been attributed to putting the School of Medicine on the map. Hunter also had difficulties in the early years regarding racism and his \"color blindness,\" the Rose Garden affair (Medicare), and a speech he gave to a national gathering of pharmacologists blasting McCarthy.","Hunter's strongest supporters during this period were Dr. Parsons, Doug Eastwood, and Dave Smith. Hunter felt that the Dean had to balance obligation to the university and the department; emphasized a cooperative environment at the School of Medicine where people were comfortable together; did not realize how inadequate many of the facilities were and how the financial structure needed a boost from various sources; credits Ken Crispell with the vision that moved the School forward (Crispell obtained grants to construct buildings for the basic sciences); during this time was president of AAMC, served a 6 year tour at Harvard Board of Overseers, and worked with the NIH International Committee; conceded that his outside interests took up a lot of his time from the University; spent 1962-1963 in California and Colombia; became Chancellor for Medical Affairs in 1966; served as a member of the Center for Advanced Study; was involved with the Rose Garden Affair (Medicare).","Hunter temporarily re-located because of the reaction to his support of Medicare (the Rose Garden Affair); was invited by the Rockefeller Foundation and NIH to start a new international medical school program; relocated to California. The program sought to develop American-style medical schools abroad in key areas. Hunter describes the difficulties of implementing the program in Colombia; outlines reasons for its failure. Spring, 1963, Hunter suffered a collapsed lung and underwent surgery. Complications occurred and he was sent to Presbyterian Hospital in New York. Fall, 1963, Hunter, still recovering, returned to U.Va. and stepped down to become Chancellor of Medical Affairs.","Hunter discusses the separation of the School of Public Health and the School of Medicine; discusses reasons for his stepping down as Dean of the School of Medicine; became Chancellor of Medical Affairs (title was later changed to Vice President of Health Affairs with no change in responsibilities); in 1971 named Owen R. Cheatham Professor of Science; no longer required to work in the framework of the administration.","Hunter clarifies points from previous interviews and discusses future topics of conversation; gives views on retirement (retired in 1981 at the age of 68); felt that he should retire so as not to be a \"financial drain\" on the institution; realizes that his time at UVA was a period where many changes were taking place across the country and at UVA in school structures, requirements, and financial support; was a member of several prestigious societies: Center for Advanced Studies, speaker at a seminar at the Centennial Meeting Of the Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Chair of the University Wide Purpose Committee, Distinguished Service Member of AAMC, President of AAMC, UVA Senate, and a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences; was instrumental in starting several Medical Schools: Brown, Morehouse College; Tufts; was awarded the Thomas Jefferson Award and the Raven Society Award.","Dr. Hook clarifies date and content of the letter of resignation written by Hunter on March 24, 1964 to Dr. Edgar Shannon. It was understood that Dr. Ken Crispell, who had been serving in the position as Acting Dean would be appointed as Dean of the Medical School on the same day. Also on March 24, 1964 Shannon made Hunter Chancellor. Crispell wanted to tighten up the Medical School administration and Hunter wanted to \"branch out\" into various areas of the SChool of Medicine and University. Hunter wanted to explore the national and international aspects of medical education. Crispell sent Hunter a letter on April 3, 1964 outlining the concerns he had with vacant positions due to illness and positions vacated by faculty for various reasons. Hunter and Crispell worked together identifying and recruiting people for the various vacant positions in the basic sciences. Hook then investigates Hunter's views on God, love, marriage, homosexuality, HIV/AIDS, and prostitution.","Dr. Norman Thornton is interviewed with Hunter and recalls times when Hunter was Dean and Chancellor and the Rose Garden Affair. Thornton was a U.Va. undergraduate in 1926; graduated in 1936; served 4 years in the military; was associated with U.Va. as a student and faculty member for 29 years; gives gave his views and discusses Hunter's years as Dean, sojourn to California, illness, return to dean after illness, resignation and appointment as chancellor; notes that since the beginning Hunter did not want administrative responsibilities. Hunter delegated to department heads; had an open door policy and provided help whenever he could, considering the poor budget; did not interfere with the department heads. Prominent figures in Hunter's office were John Stacy, who was in charge of the hospital and Vincent Shay who was in charge of getting financial support for the institution. Vincent Archer and Hank Mulholland were responsible for all political aspects of getting money from Richmond. Ken Crispell is given credit for putting U.Va. on the map because of his promotion of the basic sciences and building expansions.","Harlen was the administrative assistant when Hunter was Dean in 1953. Harlin verifies the history of Hunter as dean, chancellor, and Professor Emeritus; discusses the pressure from alumni to fire Hunter over his support of Medicare; states that Hunter was a born leader; discusses Hunter's personnel interactions and budget management. The interview reviews the relationships of faculty, Dean, Vice President, and administrators at U.Va.; management styles; politics and economics; enormous changes of women rights and equality.","Interview with Dr. Robert M. Berne and Hunter. Berne was Chairman of the Physiology Department 1966-1988; Professor Emeritus in 1994; was recruited by Hunter to head the Physiology Department; was impressed by the new buildings, funding and grants available for renovations, and availability of new equipment and personnel. Most of Berne's contact was with Ken Crispell. They discuss overall lack of funding in light of inflation, researcher salaries, and decline in support from the state.","Dr. Hook and Dr. Leo S. Falk are with Dr. Hunter at his home in Cismont, VA. Dr. Hunter is in poor health, confined to his bed; is thankful for a fulfilling life; expresses a desire to be let \"out of the trap he finds himself in\"; reminisces and gives short bio of his life; cannot understand why people are delaying his death; has no interest in prolonging his existence; asks Dr. Hook to provide a morphine drip and let him peacefully slip away; discusses the topic of personal suicide, physician assisted suicide, and the legalities involved; asks Hook to \"arrange for me to be allowed to have an appropriate exit.\" Dr. Thomas Hunter died October 23, 1997.","Dr. Hook and Dr. Hunter discuss terminal illness and dying. Hunter has selected Hook to take care of medical decisions regarding his death when Hunter becomes incapable; does not want his wife to be burdened; discusses quality of life; emphasizes trust when selecting someone to make decisions regarding life support, resuscitation, withdrawing medications, etc.; felt that he was dying when he was in California; accepted it emotionally that he was dying; was not frightened by death. Hook and Hunter agree that patients with terminal illness are isolated. There should be care expanded to patients who know they do not have long to live. Today's medicine is so advanced; prolongs the biological life as long as the vital processes are going on. Lawyers and others are taking over all decisions in many cases. Jonathan Mednick, filmmaker; Margot White, producer","Interview with Dr. Hook and Hunter. Dr. Hunter is in poor health; discusses his quality of life and desire to be \"allowed to die\"; expresses feelings about Hook's refusal to assist in suicide; discusses his legacy and how he wants to be remembered after death; shares thoughts about possible suicide of father and grandfather; expresses pride in his grandson. 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