{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Rockingham+County+%28Va.%29+Deeds+and+Related+Records%2C+1756-1920\u0026view=compact","next":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Rockingham+County+%28Va.%29+Deeds+and+Related+Records%2C+1756-1920\u0026page=2\u0026view=compact","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Rockingham+County+%28Va.%29+Deeds+and+Related+Records%2C+1756-1920\u0026page=11\u0026view=compact"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":2,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":11,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":102,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vi_vi05160_c02_c01_c01","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Barcode number 0007641883: Deeds\t\t1756-1784","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05160_c02_c01_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vi_vi05160_c02_c01_c01","ref_ssm":["vi_vi05160_c02_c01_c01"],"id":"vi_vi05160_c02_c01_c01","ead_ssi":"vi_vi05160","_root_":"vi_vi05160","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi05160_c02_c01","parent_ssi":"vi_vi05160_c02_c01","parent_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920","Series II: Deeds and Records Related to \n\t1756-1920","Series II:Subseries A:: Deeds, 1756-1920"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vi_vi05160","vi_vi05160_c02","vi_vi05160_c02_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"Deeds\t\t1756-1784","title_ssm":["Barcode number 0007641883: Deeds\t\t1756-1784"],"title_tesim":["Barcode number 0007641883: Deeds\t\t1756-1784"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Barcode number 0007641883: Deeds\t\t1756-1784"],"text":["Barcode number 0007641883: Deeds\t\t1756-1784","Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920","Series II: Deeds and Records Related to \n\t1756-1920","Series II:Subseries A:: Deeds, 1756-1920"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920","Series II: Deeds and Records Related to \n\t1756-1920","Series II:Subseries A:: Deeds, 1756-1920"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920","Series II: Deeds and Records Related to \n\t1756-1920","Series II:Subseries A:: Deeds, 1756-1920"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":6,"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Rockingham County (Va.)identified Bills of Sale and Deeds, 1765-1864, involving enslaved and free Black and multiracial individuals are digitized and available through Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection  on the Library of Virginia website. Please use digital images.","Majority of Rockingham deed books 1778-1901 are available as microfilm at the Library of Virgina, consult Rockingham County Microfilm. Please use Microfilm copies."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#0/components#0","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:27:42.624Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi05160","ead_ssi":"vi_vi05160","_root_":"vi_vi05160","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi05160","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi05160.xml","title_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920"],"title_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920"],"text":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920",".","Rockingham County (Va.)identified Bills of Sale and Deeds, 1765-1864, involving enslaved and free Black and multiracial individuals are digitized and available through Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection  on the Library of Virginia website. Please use digital images.","Majority of Rockingham deed books 1778-1901 are available as microfilm at the Library of Virgina, consult Rockingham County Microfilm. Please use Microfilm copies.","This collection is arrangedSeries I: Deeds and bills of sale,1784-1842, involving free and enslaved people, arranged chronologically Series II: Deeds and records related to, 1756-1920 largely unprocessed but loosely arranged chronologically; Series II: Subseries A: Deeds, 1756-1920 Series II: Subseries B: Deed books, 1805-1863","Context for Record Type:","Bills of sale are written agreements which convey title of property, including enslaved people, from seller to buyer. Under the system of chattel slavery, laws permitted enslavers to treat enslaved people as personal possessions in the same manner as livestock, farm equipment, or household items. Enslaved people could be bought or sold without regard to their personal relationships or free will. Bills of sale record the name of the seller, the names of enslaved people being sold and their price, and the name of the buyer. Given that they involved a property transaction, bills of sale were commonly recorded and filed with deeds in the local court. However, there was no official requirement that the transfer of an enslaved person be recorded unless necessary for legal purposes such as a court case or an estate settlement. Enslaved people could also be transferred through a deed of gift, there was no money transaction involved in this case, which distinguishes this record from a bill of sale. Enslavers and their family members often transferred enslaved people between themselves in this manner.","Deeds are written agreements which convey title of property, such as an enslaved person, from one individual to another. These include the voluntary transfer of enslaved people between family members with no financial transaction involved. Deeds include the names of the grantors, grantees, and enslaved people. Clerks proved, acknowledged, and recorded deeds in the local court.","Locality History: Rockingham County was named for Charles Watson-Wentworth, second marquis of Rockingham, who supported the colonies during the years before and during the Revolutionary War. The county was formed from Augusta County in 1778. The county seat is the city of Harrisonburg.","Lost Locality History: Created in 1778. A courthouse fire in 1787 destroyed wills and estate records, primarily. In June 1864 during the Civil War, court records (mostly volumes) were removed from the courthouse and loaded on a wagon to be taken to place of safety on or beyond the Blue Ridge. The wagon was overtaken by Union troops near Port Republic and set on fire, which was put out by local citizens. Many order books, deed books, will books, and fiduciary books, however, were lost or severely damaged by the fire. The loose records that remained at the courthouse were undamaged. Pre-1865 records including deeds and wills were rerecorded following an act of assembly passed in November 1884.","Encoded by G Crawford 10 July 2019 ; updated by M. Mason, June 2026","See Also:  Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Land Grants, 1758-1852","See also: Rockingham County (Va.)  Deeds of Emancipation","Records related to free and enslaved people of Rockingham County (Va.)  and other localities are available through the Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection on the Library of Virginia website.","Additional Rockingham County (Va.) Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, includes deeds of bargain and sale, deeds of gift, mortgages, bills of sale, and deeds of trust. Included are about twenty processed bills of sale and deeds, 1784-1842, involving free and enslaved Black and Multiracial individuals.","Deeds and Bills of Sale, 1784-1842, contain the name of the seller, the name of the purchaser, and the name of the enslaved person or persons being sold. Descriptions of persons being sold usually include age and family relationships among the persons being sold.","Deeds of bargain and sale are the most recorded deed in which one individual sells property, usually land, but occasionally personal property, to another individual. Such deeds show the names of the grantor and grantee, the residence of both parties, a description of what is being sold, the consideration (or price), the location of the tract of land, the tract's boundaries, and any limitations on the property being sold. The deed was signed by the grantor, and possibly his wife or anyone else having a claim to the property, and by at least two witnesses. Appended to the deed may be a memorandum of livery of seisin, stating that the property has changed hands and that peaceful possession has taken place.","Deeds of gift are often found transferring property, either real or personal including enslaved people, from one individual to another \"for love and affection.\" The degree of kinship, if any, between the grantor and grantee is sometimes stated. Information recorded included name(s) of the grantor(s), grantee(s), and enslaved people. Deeds of gift were proved and recorded in the local court.","Mortgages and deeds of trust were deeds where one party is indebted to another and transfers or mortgages property to a third party to secure the debt.","Bills of sale are written agreements which convey title of property, such as an enslaved person, from seller to buyer. Bills of sale record the name of the seller, the names of enslaved persons being sold and their price, and the name of the buyer. Given that they involved a property transaction, bills of sale were commonly recorded and filed with deeds in the local court.","The deed books record the name of the grantor and grantee, the county of residence of both individuals and a description of property being sold or transferred. All of the books have indexes.","There are no restrictions.","Library of Virginia","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920"],"collection_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"creator_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Rockingham County under an undated accession 51717."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRockingham County (Va.)identified Bills of Sale and Deeds, 1765-1864, involving enslaved and free Black and multiracial individuals are digitized and available through \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/search?vid=01LVA_INST:VU\"\u003eVirginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection \u003c/extref\u003e on the Library of Virginia website. Please use digital images. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMajority of Rockingham deed books 1778-1901 are available as microfilm at the Library of Virgina, consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/ccmf/VA/VA251#LAN\"\u003eRockingham County Microfilm\u003c/extref\u003e. Please use Microfilm copies. \u003c/p\u003e\n"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.)identified Bills of Sale and Deeds, 1765-1864, involving enslaved and free Black and multiracial individuals are digitized and available through Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection  on the Library of Virginia website. Please use digital images.","Majority of Rockingham deed books 1778-1901 are available as microfilm at the Library of Virgina, consult Rockingham County Microfilm. Please use Microfilm copies."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries I: Deeds and bills of sale,1784-1842, involving free and enslaved people, arranged chronologically \u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries II: Deeds and records related to, 1756-1920 largely unprocessed but loosely arranged chronologically; \u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries II: Subseries A: Deeds, 1756-1920 \u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries II: Subseries B: Deed books, 1805-1863\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arrangedSeries I: Deeds and bills of sale,1784-1842, involving free and enslaved people, arranged chronologically Series II: Deeds and records related to, 1756-1920 largely unprocessed but loosely arranged chronologically; Series II: Subseries A: Deeds, 1756-1920 Series II: Subseries B: Deed books, 1805-1863"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Record Type:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBills of sale are written agreements which convey title of property, including enslaved people, from seller to buyer. Under the system of chattel slavery, laws permitted enslavers to treat enslaved people as personal possessions in the same manner as livestock, farm equipment, or household items. Enslaved people could be bought or sold without regard to their personal relationships or free will. Bills of sale record the name of the seller, the names of enslaved people being sold and their price, and the name of the buyer. Given that they involved a property transaction, bills of sale were commonly recorded and filed with deeds in the local court. However, there was no official requirement that the transfer of an enslaved person be recorded unless necessary for legal purposes such as a court case or an estate settlement. Enslaved people could also be transferred through a deed of gift, there was no money transaction involved in this case, which distinguishes this record from a bill of sale. Enslavers and their family members often transferred enslaved people between themselves in this manner.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDeeds are written agreements which convey title of property, such as an enslaved person, from one individual to another. These include the voluntary transfer of enslaved people between family members with no financial transaction involved. Deeds include the names of the grantors, grantees, and enslaved people. Clerks proved, acknowledged, and recorded deeds in the local court.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History: \u003c/emph\u003eRockingham County was named for Charles Watson-Wentworth, second marquis of Rockingham, who supported the colonies during the years before and during the Revolutionary War. The county was formed from Augusta County in 1778. The county seat is the city of Harrisonburg.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLost Locality History:\u003c/emph\u003e Created in 1778. A courthouse fire in 1787 destroyed wills and estate records, primarily. In June 1864 during the Civil War, court records (mostly volumes) were removed from the courthouse and loaded on a wagon to be taken to place of safety on or beyond the Blue Ridge. The wagon was overtaken by Union troops near Port Republic and set on fire, which was put out by local citizens. Many order books, deed books, will books, and fiduciary books, however, were lost or severely damaged by the fire. The loose records that remained at the courthouse were undamaged. Pre-1865 records including deeds and wills were rerecorded following an act of assembly passed in November 1884.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Record Type:","Bills of sale are written agreements which convey title of property, including enslaved people, from seller to buyer. Under the system of chattel slavery, laws permitted enslavers to treat enslaved people as personal possessions in the same manner as livestock, farm equipment, or household items. Enslaved people could be bought or sold without regard to their personal relationships or free will. Bills of sale record the name of the seller, the names of enslaved people being sold and their price, and the name of the buyer. Given that they involved a property transaction, bills of sale were commonly recorded and filed with deeds in the local court. However, there was no official requirement that the transfer of an enslaved person be recorded unless necessary for legal purposes such as a court case or an estate settlement. Enslaved people could also be transferred through a deed of gift, there was no money transaction involved in this case, which distinguishes this record from a bill of sale. Enslavers and their family members often transferred enslaved people between themselves in this manner.","Deeds are written agreements which convey title of property, such as an enslaved person, from one individual to another. These include the voluntary transfer of enslaved people between family members with no financial transaction involved. Deeds include the names of the grantors, grantees, and enslaved people. Clerks proved, acknowledged, and recorded deeds in the local court.","Locality History: Rockingham County was named for Charles Watson-Wentworth, second marquis of Rockingham, who supported the colonies during the years before and during the Revolutionary War. The county was formed from Augusta County in 1778. The county seat is the city of Harrisonburg.","Lost Locality History: Created in 1778. A courthouse fire in 1787 destroyed wills and estate records, primarily. In June 1864 during the Civil War, court records (mostly volumes) were removed from the courthouse and loaded on a wagon to be taken to place of safety on or beyond the Blue Ridge. The wagon was overtaken by Union troops near Port Republic and set on fire, which was put out by local citizens. Many order books, deed books, will books, and fiduciary books, however, were lost or severely damaged by the fire. The loose records that remained at the courthouse were undamaged. Pre-1865 records including deeds and wills were rerecorded following an act of assembly passed in November 1884."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920. [Site series, box, and or volume]. Local Government Records Collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"prefercite_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920. [Site series, box, and or volume]. Local Government Records Collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEncoded by G Crawford 10 July 2019 ; updated by M. Mason, June 2026\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Encoded by G Crawford 10 July 2019 ; updated by M. Mason, June 2026"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e See Also:  \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02127\"\u003eRockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Land Grants, 1758-1852 \u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSee also: \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi06664\"\u003eRockingham County (Va.)  Deeds of Emancipation \u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n","\u003cp\u003eRecords related to free and enslaved people of Rockingham County (Va.)  and other localities are available through the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/search?vid=01LVA_INST:VU\"\u003eVirginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection\u003c/extref\u003e on the Library of Virginia website.\u003c/p\u003e  \n","\u003cp\u003eAdditional Rockingham County (Va.) Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/\"\u003e \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \n      "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See Also:  Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Land Grants, 1758-1852","See also: Rockingham County (Va.)  Deeds of Emancipation","Records related to free and enslaved people of Rockingham County (Va.)  and other localities are available through the Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection on the Library of Virginia website.","Additional Rockingham County (Va.) Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\""],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, includes deeds of bargain and sale, deeds of gift, mortgages, bills of sale, and deeds of trust. Included are about twenty processed bills of sale and deeds, 1784-1842, involving free and enslaved Black and Multiracial individuals.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDeeds and Bills of Sale, 1784-1842, contain the name of the seller, the name of the purchaser, and the name of the enslaved person or persons being sold. Descriptions of persons being sold usually include age and family relationships among the persons being sold.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDeeds of bargain and sale are the most recorded deed in which one individual sells property, usually land, but occasionally personal property, to another individual. Such deeds show the names of the grantor and grantee, the residence of both parties, a description of what is being sold, the consideration (or price), the location of the tract of land, the tract's boundaries, and any limitations on the property being sold. The deed was signed by the grantor, and possibly his wife or anyone else having a claim to the property, and by at least two witnesses. Appended to the deed may be a memorandum of livery of seisin, stating that the property has changed hands and that peaceful possession has taken place.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDeeds of gift are often found transferring property, either real or personal including enslaved people, from one individual to another \"for love and affection.\" The degree of kinship, if any, between the grantor and grantee is sometimes stated. Information recorded included name(s) of the grantor(s), grantee(s), and enslaved people. Deeds of gift were proved and recorded in the local court.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMortgages and deeds of trust were deeds where one party is indebted to another and transfers or mortgages property to a third party to secure the debt.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBills of sale are written agreements which convey title of property, such as an enslaved person, from seller to buyer. Bills of sale record the name of the seller, the names of enslaved persons being sold and their price, and the name of the buyer. Given that they involved a property transaction, bills of sale were commonly recorded and filed with deeds in the local court.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe deed books record the name of the grantor and grantee, the county of residence of both individuals and a description of property being sold or transferred. All of the books have indexes.\n\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, includes deeds of bargain and sale, deeds of gift, mortgages, bills of sale, and deeds of trust. Included are about twenty processed bills of sale and deeds, 1784-1842, involving free and enslaved Black and Multiracial individuals.","Deeds and Bills of Sale, 1784-1842, contain the name of the seller, the name of the purchaser, and the name of the enslaved person or persons being sold. Descriptions of persons being sold usually include age and family relationships among the persons being sold.","Deeds of bargain and sale are the most recorded deed in which one individual sells property, usually land, but occasionally personal property, to another individual. Such deeds show the names of the grantor and grantee, the residence of both parties, a description of what is being sold, the consideration (or price), the location of the tract of land, the tract's boundaries, and any limitations on the property being sold. The deed was signed by the grantor, and possibly his wife or anyone else having a claim to the property, and by at least two witnesses. Appended to the deed may be a memorandum of livery of seisin, stating that the property has changed hands and that peaceful possession has taken place.","Deeds of gift are often found transferring property, either real or personal including enslaved people, from one individual to another \"for love and affection.\" The degree of kinship, if any, between the grantor and grantee is sometimes stated. Information recorded included name(s) of the grantor(s), grantee(s), and enslaved people. Deeds of gift were proved and recorded in the local court.","Mortgages and deeds of trust were deeds where one party is indebted to another and transfers or mortgages property to a third party to secure the debt.","Bills of sale are written agreements which convey title of property, such as an enslaved person, from seller to buyer. Bills of sale record the name of the seller, the names of enslaved persons being sold and their price, and the name of the buyer. Given that they involved a property transaction, bills of sale were commonly recorded and filed with deeds in the local court.","The deed books record the name of the grantor and grantee, the county of residence of both individuals and a description of property being sold or transferred. All of the books have indexes."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003e\n\u003c/abstract\u003e\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e\n"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":101,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:27:42.624Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05160_c02_c01_c01"}},{"id":"vi_vi05160_c02_c01_c02","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Barcode number 0007641884: Deeds\t\t1785-1791","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05160_c02_c01_c02#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vi_vi05160_c02_c01_c02","ref_ssm":["vi_vi05160_c02_c01_c02"],"id":"vi_vi05160_c02_c01_c02","ead_ssi":"vi_vi05160","_root_":"vi_vi05160","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi05160_c02_c01","parent_ssi":"vi_vi05160_c02_c01","parent_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920","Series II: Deeds and Records Related to \n\t1756-1920","Series II:Subseries A:: Deeds, 1756-1920"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vi_vi05160","vi_vi05160_c02","vi_vi05160_c02_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"Deeds\t\t1785-1791","title_ssm":["Barcode number 0007641884: Deeds\t\t1785-1791"],"title_tesim":["Barcode number 0007641884: Deeds\t\t1785-1791"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Barcode number 0007641884: Deeds\t\t1785-1791"],"text":["Barcode number 0007641884: Deeds\t\t1785-1791","Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920","Series II: Deeds and Records Related to \n\t1756-1920","Series II:Subseries A:: Deeds, 1756-1920"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920","Series II: Deeds and Records Related to \n\t1756-1920","Series II:Subseries A:: Deeds, 1756-1920"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920","Series II: Deeds and Records Related to \n\t1756-1920","Series II:Subseries A:: Deeds, 1756-1920"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":7,"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Rockingham County (Va.)identified Bills of Sale and Deeds, 1765-1864, involving enslaved and free Black and multiracial individuals are digitized and available through Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection  on the Library of Virginia website. Please use digital images.","Majority of Rockingham deed books 1778-1901 are available as microfilm at the Library of Virgina, consult Rockingham County Microfilm. Please use Microfilm copies."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#0/components#1","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:27:42.624Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi05160","ead_ssi":"vi_vi05160","_root_":"vi_vi05160","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi05160","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi05160.xml","title_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920"],"title_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920"],"text":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920",".","Rockingham County (Va.)identified Bills of Sale and Deeds, 1765-1864, involving enslaved and free Black and multiracial individuals are digitized and available through Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection  on the Library of Virginia website. Please use digital images.","Majority of Rockingham deed books 1778-1901 are available as microfilm at the Library of Virgina, consult Rockingham County Microfilm. Please use Microfilm copies.","This collection is arrangedSeries I: Deeds and bills of sale,1784-1842, involving free and enslaved people, arranged chronologically Series II: Deeds and records related to, 1756-1920 largely unprocessed but loosely arranged chronologically; Series II: Subseries A: Deeds, 1756-1920 Series II: Subseries B: Deed books, 1805-1863","Context for Record Type:","Bills of sale are written agreements which convey title of property, including enslaved people, from seller to buyer. Under the system of chattel slavery, laws permitted enslavers to treat enslaved people as personal possessions in the same manner as livestock, farm equipment, or household items. Enslaved people could be bought or sold without regard to their personal relationships or free will. Bills of sale record the name of the seller, the names of enslaved people being sold and their price, and the name of the buyer. Given that they involved a property transaction, bills of sale were commonly recorded and filed with deeds in the local court. However, there was no official requirement that the transfer of an enslaved person be recorded unless necessary for legal purposes such as a court case or an estate settlement. Enslaved people could also be transferred through a deed of gift, there was no money transaction involved in this case, which distinguishes this record from a bill of sale. Enslavers and their family members often transferred enslaved people between themselves in this manner.","Deeds are written agreements which convey title of property, such as an enslaved person, from one individual to another. These include the voluntary transfer of enslaved people between family members with no financial transaction involved. Deeds include the names of the grantors, grantees, and enslaved people. Clerks proved, acknowledged, and recorded deeds in the local court.","Locality History: Rockingham County was named for Charles Watson-Wentworth, second marquis of Rockingham, who supported the colonies during the years before and during the Revolutionary War. The county was formed from Augusta County in 1778. The county seat is the city of Harrisonburg.","Lost Locality History: Created in 1778. A courthouse fire in 1787 destroyed wills and estate records, primarily. In June 1864 during the Civil War, court records (mostly volumes) were removed from the courthouse and loaded on a wagon to be taken to place of safety on or beyond the Blue Ridge. The wagon was overtaken by Union troops near Port Republic and set on fire, which was put out by local citizens. Many order books, deed books, will books, and fiduciary books, however, were lost or severely damaged by the fire. The loose records that remained at the courthouse were undamaged. Pre-1865 records including deeds and wills were rerecorded following an act of assembly passed in November 1884.","Encoded by G Crawford 10 July 2019 ; updated by M. Mason, June 2026","See Also:  Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Land Grants, 1758-1852","See also: Rockingham County (Va.)  Deeds of Emancipation","Records related to free and enslaved people of Rockingham County (Va.)  and other localities are available through the Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection on the Library of Virginia website.","Additional Rockingham County (Va.) Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, includes deeds of bargain and sale, deeds of gift, mortgages, bills of sale, and deeds of trust. Included are about twenty processed bills of sale and deeds, 1784-1842, involving free and enslaved Black and Multiracial individuals.","Deeds and Bills of Sale, 1784-1842, contain the name of the seller, the name of the purchaser, and the name of the enslaved person or persons being sold. Descriptions of persons being sold usually include age and family relationships among the persons being sold.","Deeds of bargain and sale are the most recorded deed in which one individual sells property, usually land, but occasionally personal property, to another individual. Such deeds show the names of the grantor and grantee, the residence of both parties, a description of what is being sold, the consideration (or price), the location of the tract of land, the tract's boundaries, and any limitations on the property being sold. The deed was signed by the grantor, and possibly his wife or anyone else having a claim to the property, and by at least two witnesses. Appended to the deed may be a memorandum of livery of seisin, stating that the property has changed hands and that peaceful possession has taken place.","Deeds of gift are often found transferring property, either real or personal including enslaved people, from one individual to another \"for love and affection.\" The degree of kinship, if any, between the grantor and grantee is sometimes stated. Information recorded included name(s) of the grantor(s), grantee(s), and enslaved people. Deeds of gift were proved and recorded in the local court.","Mortgages and deeds of trust were deeds where one party is indebted to another and transfers or mortgages property to a third party to secure the debt.","Bills of sale are written agreements which convey title of property, such as an enslaved person, from seller to buyer. Bills of sale record the name of the seller, the names of enslaved persons being sold and their price, and the name of the buyer. Given that they involved a property transaction, bills of sale were commonly recorded and filed with deeds in the local court.","The deed books record the name of the grantor and grantee, the county of residence of both individuals and a description of property being sold or transferred. All of the books have indexes.","There are no restrictions.","Library of Virginia","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920"],"collection_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"creator_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Rockingham County under an undated accession 51717."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRockingham County (Va.)identified Bills of Sale and Deeds, 1765-1864, involving enslaved and free Black and multiracial individuals are digitized and available through \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/search?vid=01LVA_INST:VU\"\u003eVirginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection \u003c/extref\u003e on the Library of Virginia website. Please use digital images. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMajority of Rockingham deed books 1778-1901 are available as microfilm at the Library of Virgina, consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/ccmf/VA/VA251#LAN\"\u003eRockingham County Microfilm\u003c/extref\u003e. Please use Microfilm copies. \u003c/p\u003e\n"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.)identified Bills of Sale and Deeds, 1765-1864, involving enslaved and free Black and multiracial individuals are digitized and available through Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection  on the Library of Virginia website. Please use digital images.","Majority of Rockingham deed books 1778-1901 are available as microfilm at the Library of Virgina, consult Rockingham County Microfilm. Please use Microfilm copies."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries I: Deeds and bills of sale,1784-1842, involving free and enslaved people, arranged chronologically \u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries II: Deeds and records related to, 1756-1920 largely unprocessed but loosely arranged chronologically; \u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries II: Subseries A: Deeds, 1756-1920 \u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries II: Subseries B: Deed books, 1805-1863\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arrangedSeries I: Deeds and bills of sale,1784-1842, involving free and enslaved people, arranged chronologically Series II: Deeds and records related to, 1756-1920 largely unprocessed but loosely arranged chronologically; Series II: Subseries A: Deeds, 1756-1920 Series II: Subseries B: Deed books, 1805-1863"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Record Type:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBills of sale are written agreements which convey title of property, including enslaved people, from seller to buyer. Under the system of chattel slavery, laws permitted enslavers to treat enslaved people as personal possessions in the same manner as livestock, farm equipment, or household items. Enslaved people could be bought or sold without regard to their personal relationships or free will. Bills of sale record the name of the seller, the names of enslaved people being sold and their price, and the name of the buyer. Given that they involved a property transaction, bills of sale were commonly recorded and filed with deeds in the local court. However, there was no official requirement that the transfer of an enslaved person be recorded unless necessary for legal purposes such as a court case or an estate settlement. Enslaved people could also be transferred through a deed of gift, there was no money transaction involved in this case, which distinguishes this record from a bill of sale. Enslavers and their family members often transferred enslaved people between themselves in this manner.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDeeds are written agreements which convey title of property, such as an enslaved person, from one individual to another. These include the voluntary transfer of enslaved people between family members with no financial transaction involved. Deeds include the names of the grantors, grantees, and enslaved people. Clerks proved, acknowledged, and recorded deeds in the local court.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History: \u003c/emph\u003eRockingham County was named for Charles Watson-Wentworth, second marquis of Rockingham, who supported the colonies during the years before and during the Revolutionary War. The county was formed from Augusta County in 1778. The county seat is the city of Harrisonburg.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLost Locality History:\u003c/emph\u003e Created in 1778. A courthouse fire in 1787 destroyed wills and estate records, primarily. In June 1864 during the Civil War, court records (mostly volumes) were removed from the courthouse and loaded on a wagon to be taken to place of safety on or beyond the Blue Ridge. The wagon was overtaken by Union troops near Port Republic and set on fire, which was put out by local citizens. Many order books, deed books, will books, and fiduciary books, however, were lost or severely damaged by the fire. The loose records that remained at the courthouse were undamaged. Pre-1865 records including deeds and wills were rerecorded following an act of assembly passed in November 1884.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Record Type:","Bills of sale are written agreements which convey title of property, including enslaved people, from seller to buyer. Under the system of chattel slavery, laws permitted enslavers to treat enslaved people as personal possessions in the same manner as livestock, farm equipment, or household items. Enslaved people could be bought or sold without regard to their personal relationships or free will. Bills of sale record the name of the seller, the names of enslaved people being sold and their price, and the name of the buyer. Given that they involved a property transaction, bills of sale were commonly recorded and filed with deeds in the local court. However, there was no official requirement that the transfer of an enslaved person be recorded unless necessary for legal purposes such as a court case or an estate settlement. Enslaved people could also be transferred through a deed of gift, there was no money transaction involved in this case, which distinguishes this record from a bill of sale. Enslavers and their family members often transferred enslaved people between themselves in this manner.","Deeds are written agreements which convey title of property, such as an enslaved person, from one individual to another. These include the voluntary transfer of enslaved people between family members with no financial transaction involved. Deeds include the names of the grantors, grantees, and enslaved people. Clerks proved, acknowledged, and recorded deeds in the local court.","Locality History: Rockingham County was named for Charles Watson-Wentworth, second marquis of Rockingham, who supported the colonies during the years before and during the Revolutionary War. The county was formed from Augusta County in 1778. The county seat is the city of Harrisonburg.","Lost Locality History: Created in 1778. A courthouse fire in 1787 destroyed wills and estate records, primarily. In June 1864 during the Civil War, court records (mostly volumes) were removed from the courthouse and loaded on a wagon to be taken to place of safety on or beyond the Blue Ridge. The wagon was overtaken by Union troops near Port Republic and set on fire, which was put out by local citizens. Many order books, deed books, will books, and fiduciary books, however, were lost or severely damaged by the fire. The loose records that remained at the courthouse were undamaged. Pre-1865 records including deeds and wills were rerecorded following an act of assembly passed in November 1884."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920. [Site series, box, and or volume]. Local Government Records Collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"prefercite_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920. [Site series, box, and or volume]. Local Government Records Collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEncoded by G Crawford 10 July 2019 ; updated by M. Mason, June 2026\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Encoded by G Crawford 10 July 2019 ; updated by M. Mason, June 2026"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e See Also:  \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02127\"\u003eRockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Land Grants, 1758-1852 \u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSee also: \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi06664\"\u003eRockingham County (Va.)  Deeds of Emancipation \u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n","\u003cp\u003eRecords related to free and enslaved people of Rockingham County (Va.)  and other localities are available through the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/search?vid=01LVA_INST:VU\"\u003eVirginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection\u003c/extref\u003e on the Library of Virginia website.\u003c/p\u003e  \n","\u003cp\u003eAdditional Rockingham County (Va.) Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/\"\u003e \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \n      "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See Also:  Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Land Grants, 1758-1852","See also: Rockingham County (Va.)  Deeds of Emancipation","Records related to free and enslaved people of Rockingham County (Va.)  and other localities are available through the Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection on the Library of Virginia website.","Additional Rockingham County (Va.) Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\""],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, includes deeds of bargain and sale, deeds of gift, mortgages, bills of sale, and deeds of trust. Included are about twenty processed bills of sale and deeds, 1784-1842, involving free and enslaved Black and Multiracial individuals.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDeeds and Bills of Sale, 1784-1842, contain the name of the seller, the name of the purchaser, and the name of the enslaved person or persons being sold. Descriptions of persons being sold usually include age and family relationships among the persons being sold.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDeeds of bargain and sale are the most recorded deed in which one individual sells property, usually land, but occasionally personal property, to another individual. Such deeds show the names of the grantor and grantee, the residence of both parties, a description of what is being sold, the consideration (or price), the location of the tract of land, the tract's boundaries, and any limitations on the property being sold. The deed was signed by the grantor, and possibly his wife or anyone else having a claim to the property, and by at least two witnesses. Appended to the deed may be a memorandum of livery of seisin, stating that the property has changed hands and that peaceful possession has taken place.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDeeds of gift are often found transferring property, either real or personal including enslaved people, from one individual to another \"for love and affection.\" The degree of kinship, if any, between the grantor and grantee is sometimes stated. Information recorded included name(s) of the grantor(s), grantee(s), and enslaved people. Deeds of gift were proved and recorded in the local court.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMortgages and deeds of trust were deeds where one party is indebted to another and transfers or mortgages property to a third party to secure the debt.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBills of sale are written agreements which convey title of property, such as an enslaved person, from seller to buyer. Bills of sale record the name of the seller, the names of enslaved persons being sold and their price, and the name of the buyer. Given that they involved a property transaction, bills of sale were commonly recorded and filed with deeds in the local court.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe deed books record the name of the grantor and grantee, the county of residence of both individuals and a description of property being sold or transferred. All of the books have indexes.\n\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, includes deeds of bargain and sale, deeds of gift, mortgages, bills of sale, and deeds of trust. Included are about twenty processed bills of sale and deeds, 1784-1842, involving free and enslaved Black and Multiracial individuals.","Deeds and Bills of Sale, 1784-1842, contain the name of the seller, the name of the purchaser, and the name of the enslaved person or persons being sold. Descriptions of persons being sold usually include age and family relationships among the persons being sold.","Deeds of bargain and sale are the most recorded deed in which one individual sells property, usually land, but occasionally personal property, to another individual. Such deeds show the names of the grantor and grantee, the residence of both parties, a description of what is being sold, the consideration (or price), the location of the tract of land, the tract's boundaries, and any limitations on the property being sold. The deed was signed by the grantor, and possibly his wife or anyone else having a claim to the property, and by at least two witnesses. Appended to the deed may be a memorandum of livery of seisin, stating that the property has changed hands and that peaceful possession has taken place.","Deeds of gift are often found transferring property, either real or personal including enslaved people, from one individual to another \"for love and affection.\" The degree of kinship, if any, between the grantor and grantee is sometimes stated. Information recorded included name(s) of the grantor(s), grantee(s), and enslaved people. Deeds of gift were proved and recorded in the local court.","Mortgages and deeds of trust were deeds where one party is indebted to another and transfers or mortgages property to a third party to secure the debt.","Bills of sale are written agreements which convey title of property, such as an enslaved person, from seller to buyer. Bills of sale record the name of the seller, the names of enslaved persons being sold and their price, and the name of the buyer. Given that they involved a property transaction, bills of sale were commonly recorded and filed with deeds in the local court.","The deed books record the name of the grantor and grantee, the county of residence of both individuals and a description of property being sold or transferred. All of the books have indexes."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003e\n\u003c/abstract\u003e\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e\n"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":101,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:27:42.624Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05160_c02_c01_c02"}},{"id":"vi_vi05160_c02_c01_c03","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Barcode number 0007641885: Deeds\t\t1792-1796","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05160_c02_c01_c03#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vi_vi05160_c02_c01_c03","ref_ssm":["vi_vi05160_c02_c01_c03"],"id":"vi_vi05160_c02_c01_c03","ead_ssi":"vi_vi05160","_root_":"vi_vi05160","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi05160_c02_c01","parent_ssi":"vi_vi05160_c02_c01","parent_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920","Series II: Deeds and Records Related to \n\t1756-1920","Series II:Subseries A:: Deeds, 1756-1920"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vi_vi05160","vi_vi05160_c02","vi_vi05160_c02_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"Deeds\t\t1792-1796","title_ssm":["Barcode number 0007641885: Deeds\t\t1792-1796"],"title_tesim":["Barcode number 0007641885: Deeds\t\t1792-1796"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Barcode number 0007641885: Deeds\t\t1792-1796"],"text":["Barcode number 0007641885: Deeds\t\t1792-1796","Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920","Series II: Deeds and Records Related to \n\t1756-1920","Series II:Subseries A:: Deeds, 1756-1920"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920","Series II: Deeds and Records Related to \n\t1756-1920","Series II:Subseries A:: Deeds, 1756-1920"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920","Series II: Deeds and Records Related to \n\t1756-1920","Series II:Subseries A:: Deeds, 1756-1920"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":8,"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Rockingham County (Va.)identified Bills of Sale and Deeds, 1765-1864, involving enslaved and free Black and multiracial individuals are digitized and available through Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection  on the Library of Virginia website. Please use digital images.","Majority of Rockingham deed books 1778-1901 are available as microfilm at the Library of Virgina, consult Rockingham County Microfilm. Please use Microfilm copies."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#0/components#2","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:27:42.624Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi05160","ead_ssi":"vi_vi05160","_root_":"vi_vi05160","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi05160","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi05160.xml","title_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920"],"title_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920"],"text":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920",".","Rockingham County (Va.)identified Bills of Sale and Deeds, 1765-1864, involving enslaved and free Black and multiracial individuals are digitized and available through Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection  on the Library of Virginia website. Please use digital images.","Majority of Rockingham deed books 1778-1901 are available as microfilm at the Library of Virgina, consult Rockingham County Microfilm. Please use Microfilm copies.","This collection is arrangedSeries I: Deeds and bills of sale,1784-1842, involving free and enslaved people, arranged chronologically Series II: Deeds and records related to, 1756-1920 largely unprocessed but loosely arranged chronologically; Series II: Subseries A: Deeds, 1756-1920 Series II: Subseries B: Deed books, 1805-1863","Context for Record Type:","Bills of sale are written agreements which convey title of property, including enslaved people, from seller to buyer. Under the system of chattel slavery, laws permitted enslavers to treat enslaved people as personal possessions in the same manner as livestock, farm equipment, or household items. Enslaved people could be bought or sold without regard to their personal relationships or free will. Bills of sale record the name of the seller, the names of enslaved people being sold and their price, and the name of the buyer. Given that they involved a property transaction, bills of sale were commonly recorded and filed with deeds in the local court. However, there was no official requirement that the transfer of an enslaved person be recorded unless necessary for legal purposes such as a court case or an estate settlement. Enslaved people could also be transferred through a deed of gift, there was no money transaction involved in this case, which distinguishes this record from a bill of sale. Enslavers and their family members often transferred enslaved people between themselves in this manner.","Deeds are written agreements which convey title of property, such as an enslaved person, from one individual to another. These include the voluntary transfer of enslaved people between family members with no financial transaction involved. Deeds include the names of the grantors, grantees, and enslaved people. Clerks proved, acknowledged, and recorded deeds in the local court.","Locality History: Rockingham County was named for Charles Watson-Wentworth, second marquis of Rockingham, who supported the colonies during the years before and during the Revolutionary War. The county was formed from Augusta County in 1778. The county seat is the city of Harrisonburg.","Lost Locality History: Created in 1778. A courthouse fire in 1787 destroyed wills and estate records, primarily. In June 1864 during the Civil War, court records (mostly volumes) were removed from the courthouse and loaded on a wagon to be taken to place of safety on or beyond the Blue Ridge. The wagon was overtaken by Union troops near Port Republic and set on fire, which was put out by local citizens. Many order books, deed books, will books, and fiduciary books, however, were lost or severely damaged by the fire. The loose records that remained at the courthouse were undamaged. Pre-1865 records including deeds and wills were rerecorded following an act of assembly passed in November 1884.","Encoded by G Crawford 10 July 2019 ; updated by M. Mason, June 2026","See Also:  Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Land Grants, 1758-1852","See also: Rockingham County (Va.)  Deeds of Emancipation","Records related to free and enslaved people of Rockingham County (Va.)  and other localities are available through the Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection on the Library of Virginia website.","Additional Rockingham County (Va.) Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, includes deeds of bargain and sale, deeds of gift, mortgages, bills of sale, and deeds of trust. Included are about twenty processed bills of sale and deeds, 1784-1842, involving free and enslaved Black and Multiracial individuals.","Deeds and Bills of Sale, 1784-1842, contain the name of the seller, the name of the purchaser, and the name of the enslaved person or persons being sold. Descriptions of persons being sold usually include age and family relationships among the persons being sold.","Deeds of bargain and sale are the most recorded deed in which one individual sells property, usually land, but occasionally personal property, to another individual. Such deeds show the names of the grantor and grantee, the residence of both parties, a description of what is being sold, the consideration (or price), the location of the tract of land, the tract's boundaries, and any limitations on the property being sold. The deed was signed by the grantor, and possibly his wife or anyone else having a claim to the property, and by at least two witnesses. Appended to the deed may be a memorandum of livery of seisin, stating that the property has changed hands and that peaceful possession has taken place.","Deeds of gift are often found transferring property, either real or personal including enslaved people, from one individual to another \"for love and affection.\" The degree of kinship, if any, between the grantor and grantee is sometimes stated. Information recorded included name(s) of the grantor(s), grantee(s), and enslaved people. Deeds of gift were proved and recorded in the local court.","Mortgages and deeds of trust were deeds where one party is indebted to another and transfers or mortgages property to a third party to secure the debt.","Bills of sale are written agreements which convey title of property, such as an enslaved person, from seller to buyer. Bills of sale record the name of the seller, the names of enslaved persons being sold and their price, and the name of the buyer. Given that they involved a property transaction, bills of sale were commonly recorded and filed with deeds in the local court.","The deed books record the name of the grantor and grantee, the county of residence of both individuals and a description of property being sold or transferred. All of the books have indexes.","There are no restrictions.","Library of Virginia","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920"],"collection_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"creator_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Rockingham County under an undated accession 51717."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRockingham County (Va.)identified Bills of Sale and Deeds, 1765-1864, involving enslaved and free Black and multiracial individuals are digitized and available through \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/search?vid=01LVA_INST:VU\"\u003eVirginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection \u003c/extref\u003e on the Library of Virginia website. Please use digital images. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMajority of Rockingham deed books 1778-1901 are available as microfilm at the Library of Virgina, consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/ccmf/VA/VA251#LAN\"\u003eRockingham County Microfilm\u003c/extref\u003e. Please use Microfilm copies. \u003c/p\u003e\n"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.)identified Bills of Sale and Deeds, 1765-1864, involving enslaved and free Black and multiracial individuals are digitized and available through Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection  on the Library of Virginia website. Please use digital images.","Majority of Rockingham deed books 1778-1901 are available as microfilm at the Library of Virgina, consult Rockingham County Microfilm. Please use Microfilm copies."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries I: Deeds and bills of sale,1784-1842, involving free and enslaved people, arranged chronologically \u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries II: Deeds and records related to, 1756-1920 largely unprocessed but loosely arranged chronologically; \u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries II: Subseries A: Deeds, 1756-1920 \u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries II: Subseries B: Deed books, 1805-1863\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arrangedSeries I: Deeds and bills of sale,1784-1842, involving free and enslaved people, arranged chronologically Series II: Deeds and records related to, 1756-1920 largely unprocessed but loosely arranged chronologically; Series II: Subseries A: Deeds, 1756-1920 Series II: Subseries B: Deed books, 1805-1863"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Record Type:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBills of sale are written agreements which convey title of property, including enslaved people, from seller to buyer. Under the system of chattel slavery, laws permitted enslavers to treat enslaved people as personal possessions in the same manner as livestock, farm equipment, or household items. Enslaved people could be bought or sold without regard to their personal relationships or free will. Bills of sale record the name of the seller, the names of enslaved people being sold and their price, and the name of the buyer. Given that they involved a property transaction, bills of sale were commonly recorded and filed with deeds in the local court. However, there was no official requirement that the transfer of an enslaved person be recorded unless necessary for legal purposes such as a court case or an estate settlement. Enslaved people could also be transferred through a deed of gift, there was no money transaction involved in this case, which distinguishes this record from a bill of sale. Enslavers and their family members often transferred enslaved people between themselves in this manner.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDeeds are written agreements which convey title of property, such as an enslaved person, from one individual to another. These include the voluntary transfer of enslaved people between family members with no financial transaction involved. Deeds include the names of the grantors, grantees, and enslaved people. Clerks proved, acknowledged, and recorded deeds in the local court.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History: \u003c/emph\u003eRockingham County was named for Charles Watson-Wentworth, second marquis of Rockingham, who supported the colonies during the years before and during the Revolutionary War. The county was formed from Augusta County in 1778. The county seat is the city of Harrisonburg.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLost Locality History:\u003c/emph\u003e Created in 1778. A courthouse fire in 1787 destroyed wills and estate records, primarily. In June 1864 during the Civil War, court records (mostly volumes) were removed from the courthouse and loaded on a wagon to be taken to place of safety on or beyond the Blue Ridge. The wagon was overtaken by Union troops near Port Republic and set on fire, which was put out by local citizens. Many order books, deed books, will books, and fiduciary books, however, were lost or severely damaged by the fire. The loose records that remained at the courthouse were undamaged. Pre-1865 records including deeds and wills were rerecorded following an act of assembly passed in November 1884.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Record Type:","Bills of sale are written agreements which convey title of property, including enslaved people, from seller to buyer. Under the system of chattel slavery, laws permitted enslavers to treat enslaved people as personal possessions in the same manner as livestock, farm equipment, or household items. Enslaved people could be bought or sold without regard to their personal relationships or free will. Bills of sale record the name of the seller, the names of enslaved people being sold and their price, and the name of the buyer. Given that they involved a property transaction, bills of sale were commonly recorded and filed with deeds in the local court. However, there was no official requirement that the transfer of an enslaved person be recorded unless necessary for legal purposes such as a court case or an estate settlement. Enslaved people could also be transferred through a deed of gift, there was no money transaction involved in this case, which distinguishes this record from a bill of sale. Enslavers and their family members often transferred enslaved people between themselves in this manner.","Deeds are written agreements which convey title of property, such as an enslaved person, from one individual to another. These include the voluntary transfer of enslaved people between family members with no financial transaction involved. Deeds include the names of the grantors, grantees, and enslaved people. Clerks proved, acknowledged, and recorded deeds in the local court.","Locality History: Rockingham County was named for Charles Watson-Wentworth, second marquis of Rockingham, who supported the colonies during the years before and during the Revolutionary War. The county was formed from Augusta County in 1778. The county seat is the city of Harrisonburg.","Lost Locality History: Created in 1778. A courthouse fire in 1787 destroyed wills and estate records, primarily. In June 1864 during the Civil War, court records (mostly volumes) were removed from the courthouse and loaded on a wagon to be taken to place of safety on or beyond the Blue Ridge. The wagon was overtaken by Union troops near Port Republic and set on fire, which was put out by local citizens. Many order books, deed books, will books, and fiduciary books, however, were lost or severely damaged by the fire. The loose records that remained at the courthouse were undamaged. Pre-1865 records including deeds and wills were rerecorded following an act of assembly passed in November 1884."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920. [Site series, box, and or volume]. Local Government Records Collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"prefercite_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920. [Site series, box, and or volume]. Local Government Records Collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEncoded by G Crawford 10 July 2019 ; updated by M. Mason, June 2026\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Encoded by G Crawford 10 July 2019 ; updated by M. Mason, June 2026"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e See Also:  \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02127\"\u003eRockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Land Grants, 1758-1852 \u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSee also: \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi06664\"\u003eRockingham County (Va.)  Deeds of Emancipation \u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n","\u003cp\u003eRecords related to free and enslaved people of Rockingham County (Va.)  and other localities are available through the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/search?vid=01LVA_INST:VU\"\u003eVirginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection\u003c/extref\u003e on the Library of Virginia website.\u003c/p\u003e  \n","\u003cp\u003eAdditional Rockingham County (Va.) Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/\"\u003e \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \n      "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See Also:  Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Land Grants, 1758-1852","See also: Rockingham County (Va.)  Deeds of Emancipation","Records related to free and enslaved people of Rockingham County (Va.)  and other localities are available through the Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection on the Library of Virginia website.","Additional Rockingham County (Va.) Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\""],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, includes deeds of bargain and sale, deeds of gift, mortgages, bills of sale, and deeds of trust. Included are about twenty processed bills of sale and deeds, 1784-1842, involving free and enslaved Black and Multiracial individuals.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDeeds and Bills of Sale, 1784-1842, contain the name of the seller, the name of the purchaser, and the name of the enslaved person or persons being sold. Descriptions of persons being sold usually include age and family relationships among the persons being sold.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDeeds of bargain and sale are the most recorded deed in which one individual sells property, usually land, but occasionally personal property, to another individual. Such deeds show the names of the grantor and grantee, the residence of both parties, a description of what is being sold, the consideration (or price), the location of the tract of land, the tract's boundaries, and any limitations on the property being sold. The deed was signed by the grantor, and possibly his wife or anyone else having a claim to the property, and by at least two witnesses. Appended to the deed may be a memorandum of livery of seisin, stating that the property has changed hands and that peaceful possession has taken place.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDeeds of gift are often found transferring property, either real or personal including enslaved people, from one individual to another \"for love and affection.\" The degree of kinship, if any, between the grantor and grantee is sometimes stated. Information recorded included name(s) of the grantor(s), grantee(s), and enslaved people. Deeds of gift were proved and recorded in the local court.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMortgages and deeds of trust were deeds where one party is indebted to another and transfers or mortgages property to a third party to secure the debt.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBills of sale are written agreements which convey title of property, such as an enslaved person, from seller to buyer. Bills of sale record the name of the seller, the names of enslaved persons being sold and their price, and the name of the buyer. Given that they involved a property transaction, bills of sale were commonly recorded and filed with deeds in the local court.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe deed books record the name of the grantor and grantee, the county of residence of both individuals and a description of property being sold or transferred. All of the books have indexes.\n\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, includes deeds of bargain and sale, deeds of gift, mortgages, bills of sale, and deeds of trust. Included are about twenty processed bills of sale and deeds, 1784-1842, involving free and enslaved Black and Multiracial individuals.","Deeds and Bills of Sale, 1784-1842, contain the name of the seller, the name of the purchaser, and the name of the enslaved person or persons being sold. Descriptions of persons being sold usually include age and family relationships among the persons being sold.","Deeds of bargain and sale are the most recorded deed in which one individual sells property, usually land, but occasionally personal property, to another individual. Such deeds show the names of the grantor and grantee, the residence of both parties, a description of what is being sold, the consideration (or price), the location of the tract of land, the tract's boundaries, and any limitations on the property being sold. The deed was signed by the grantor, and possibly his wife or anyone else having a claim to the property, and by at least two witnesses. Appended to the deed may be a memorandum of livery of seisin, stating that the property has changed hands and that peaceful possession has taken place.","Deeds of gift are often found transferring property, either real or personal including enslaved people, from one individual to another \"for love and affection.\" The degree of kinship, if any, between the grantor and grantee is sometimes stated. Information recorded included name(s) of the grantor(s), grantee(s), and enslaved people. Deeds of gift were proved and recorded in the local court.","Mortgages and deeds of trust were deeds where one party is indebted to another and transfers or mortgages property to a third party to secure the debt.","Bills of sale are written agreements which convey title of property, such as an enslaved person, from seller to buyer. Bills of sale record the name of the seller, the names of enslaved persons being sold and their price, and the name of the buyer. Given that they involved a property transaction, bills of sale were commonly recorded and filed with deeds in the local court.","The deed books record the name of the grantor and grantee, the county of residence of both individuals and a description of property being sold or transferred. All of the books have indexes."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003e\n\u003c/abstract\u003e\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e\n"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":101,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:27:42.624Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05160_c02_c01_c03"}},{"id":"vi_vi05160_c02_c01_c04","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Barcode number 0007641886: Deeds\t\t1797-1800","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05160_c02_c01_c04#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vi_vi05160_c02_c01_c04","ref_ssm":["vi_vi05160_c02_c01_c04"],"id":"vi_vi05160_c02_c01_c04","ead_ssi":"vi_vi05160","_root_":"vi_vi05160","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi05160_c02_c01","parent_ssi":"vi_vi05160_c02_c01","parent_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920","Series II: Deeds and Records Related to \n\t1756-1920","Series II:Subseries A:: Deeds, 1756-1920"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vi_vi05160","vi_vi05160_c02","vi_vi05160_c02_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"Deeds\t\t1797-1800","title_ssm":["Barcode number 0007641886: Deeds\t\t1797-1800"],"title_tesim":["Barcode number 0007641886: Deeds\t\t1797-1800"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Barcode number 0007641886: Deeds\t\t1797-1800"],"text":["Barcode number 0007641886: Deeds\t\t1797-1800","Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920","Series II: Deeds and Records Related to \n\t1756-1920","Series II:Subseries A:: Deeds, 1756-1920"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920","Series II: Deeds and Records Related to \n\t1756-1920","Series II:Subseries A:: Deeds, 1756-1920"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920","Series II: Deeds and Records Related to \n\t1756-1920","Series II:Subseries A:: Deeds, 1756-1920"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":9,"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Rockingham County (Va.)identified Bills of Sale and Deeds, 1765-1864, involving enslaved and free Black and multiracial individuals are digitized and available through Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection  on the Library of Virginia website. Please use digital images.","Majority of Rockingham deed books 1778-1901 are available as microfilm at the Library of Virgina, consult Rockingham County Microfilm. Please use Microfilm copies."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#0/components#3","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:27:42.624Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi05160","ead_ssi":"vi_vi05160","_root_":"vi_vi05160","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi05160","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi05160.xml","title_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920"],"title_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920"],"text":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920",".","Rockingham County (Va.)identified Bills of Sale and Deeds, 1765-1864, involving enslaved and free Black and multiracial individuals are digitized and available through Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection  on the Library of Virginia website. Please use digital images.","Majority of Rockingham deed books 1778-1901 are available as microfilm at the Library of Virgina, consult Rockingham County Microfilm. Please use Microfilm copies.","This collection is arrangedSeries I: Deeds and bills of sale,1784-1842, involving free and enslaved people, arranged chronologically Series II: Deeds and records related to, 1756-1920 largely unprocessed but loosely arranged chronologically; Series II: Subseries A: Deeds, 1756-1920 Series II: Subseries B: Deed books, 1805-1863","Context for Record Type:","Bills of sale are written agreements which convey title of property, including enslaved people, from seller to buyer. Under the system of chattel slavery, laws permitted enslavers to treat enslaved people as personal possessions in the same manner as livestock, farm equipment, or household items. Enslaved people could be bought or sold without regard to their personal relationships or free will. Bills of sale record the name of the seller, the names of enslaved people being sold and their price, and the name of the buyer. Given that they involved a property transaction, bills of sale were commonly recorded and filed with deeds in the local court. However, there was no official requirement that the transfer of an enslaved person be recorded unless necessary for legal purposes such as a court case or an estate settlement. Enslaved people could also be transferred through a deed of gift, there was no money transaction involved in this case, which distinguishes this record from a bill of sale. Enslavers and their family members often transferred enslaved people between themselves in this manner.","Deeds are written agreements which convey title of property, such as an enslaved person, from one individual to another. These include the voluntary transfer of enslaved people between family members with no financial transaction involved. Deeds include the names of the grantors, grantees, and enslaved people. Clerks proved, acknowledged, and recorded deeds in the local court.","Locality History: Rockingham County was named for Charles Watson-Wentworth, second marquis of Rockingham, who supported the colonies during the years before and during the Revolutionary War. The county was formed from Augusta County in 1778. The county seat is the city of Harrisonburg.","Lost Locality History: Created in 1778. A courthouse fire in 1787 destroyed wills and estate records, primarily. In June 1864 during the Civil War, court records (mostly volumes) were removed from the courthouse and loaded on a wagon to be taken to place of safety on or beyond the Blue Ridge. The wagon was overtaken by Union troops near Port Republic and set on fire, which was put out by local citizens. Many order books, deed books, will books, and fiduciary books, however, were lost or severely damaged by the fire. The loose records that remained at the courthouse were undamaged. Pre-1865 records including deeds and wills were rerecorded following an act of assembly passed in November 1884.","Encoded by G Crawford 10 July 2019 ; updated by M. Mason, June 2026","See Also:  Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Land Grants, 1758-1852","See also: Rockingham County (Va.)  Deeds of Emancipation","Records related to free and enslaved people of Rockingham County (Va.)  and other localities are available through the Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection on the Library of Virginia website.","Additional Rockingham County (Va.) Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, includes deeds of bargain and sale, deeds of gift, mortgages, bills of sale, and deeds of trust. Included are about twenty processed bills of sale and deeds, 1784-1842, involving free and enslaved Black and Multiracial individuals.","Deeds and Bills of Sale, 1784-1842, contain the name of the seller, the name of the purchaser, and the name of the enslaved person or persons being sold. Descriptions of persons being sold usually include age and family relationships among the persons being sold.","Deeds of bargain and sale are the most recorded deed in which one individual sells property, usually land, but occasionally personal property, to another individual. Such deeds show the names of the grantor and grantee, the residence of both parties, a description of what is being sold, the consideration (or price), the location of the tract of land, the tract's boundaries, and any limitations on the property being sold. The deed was signed by the grantor, and possibly his wife or anyone else having a claim to the property, and by at least two witnesses. Appended to the deed may be a memorandum of livery of seisin, stating that the property has changed hands and that peaceful possession has taken place.","Deeds of gift are often found transferring property, either real or personal including enslaved people, from one individual to another \"for love and affection.\" The degree of kinship, if any, between the grantor and grantee is sometimes stated. Information recorded included name(s) of the grantor(s), grantee(s), and enslaved people. Deeds of gift were proved and recorded in the local court.","Mortgages and deeds of trust were deeds where one party is indebted to another and transfers or mortgages property to a third party to secure the debt.","Bills of sale are written agreements which convey title of property, such as an enslaved person, from seller to buyer. Bills of sale record the name of the seller, the names of enslaved persons being sold and their price, and the name of the buyer. Given that they involved a property transaction, bills of sale were commonly recorded and filed with deeds in the local court.","The deed books record the name of the grantor and grantee, the county of residence of both individuals and a description of property being sold or transferred. All of the books have indexes.","There are no restrictions.","Library of Virginia","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920"],"collection_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"creator_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Rockingham County under an undated accession 51717."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRockingham County (Va.)identified Bills of Sale and Deeds, 1765-1864, involving enslaved and free Black and multiracial individuals are digitized and available through \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/search?vid=01LVA_INST:VU\"\u003eVirginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection \u003c/extref\u003e on the Library of Virginia website. Please use digital images. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMajority of Rockingham deed books 1778-1901 are available as microfilm at the Library of Virgina, consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/ccmf/VA/VA251#LAN\"\u003eRockingham County Microfilm\u003c/extref\u003e. Please use Microfilm copies. \u003c/p\u003e\n"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.)identified Bills of Sale and Deeds, 1765-1864, involving enslaved and free Black and multiracial individuals are digitized and available through Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection  on the Library of Virginia website. Please use digital images.","Majority of Rockingham deed books 1778-1901 are available as microfilm at the Library of Virgina, consult Rockingham County Microfilm. Please use Microfilm copies."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries I: Deeds and bills of sale,1784-1842, involving free and enslaved people, arranged chronologically \u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries II: Deeds and records related to, 1756-1920 largely unprocessed but loosely arranged chronologically; \u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries II: Subseries A: Deeds, 1756-1920 \u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries II: Subseries B: Deed books, 1805-1863\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arrangedSeries I: Deeds and bills of sale,1784-1842, involving free and enslaved people, arranged chronologically Series II: Deeds and records related to, 1756-1920 largely unprocessed but loosely arranged chronologically; Series II: Subseries A: Deeds, 1756-1920 Series II: Subseries B: Deed books, 1805-1863"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Record Type:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBills of sale are written agreements which convey title of property, including enslaved people, from seller to buyer. Under the system of chattel slavery, laws permitted enslavers to treat enslaved people as personal possessions in the same manner as livestock, farm equipment, or household items. Enslaved people could be bought or sold without regard to their personal relationships or free will. Bills of sale record the name of the seller, the names of enslaved people being sold and their price, and the name of the buyer. Given that they involved a property transaction, bills of sale were commonly recorded and filed with deeds in the local court. However, there was no official requirement that the transfer of an enslaved person be recorded unless necessary for legal purposes such as a court case or an estate settlement. Enslaved people could also be transferred through a deed of gift, there was no money transaction involved in this case, which distinguishes this record from a bill of sale. Enslavers and their family members often transferred enslaved people between themselves in this manner.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDeeds are written agreements which convey title of property, such as an enslaved person, from one individual to another. These include the voluntary transfer of enslaved people between family members with no financial transaction involved. Deeds include the names of the grantors, grantees, and enslaved people. Clerks proved, acknowledged, and recorded deeds in the local court.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History: \u003c/emph\u003eRockingham County was named for Charles Watson-Wentworth, second marquis of Rockingham, who supported the colonies during the years before and during the Revolutionary War. The county was formed from Augusta County in 1778. The county seat is the city of Harrisonburg.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLost Locality History:\u003c/emph\u003e Created in 1778. A courthouse fire in 1787 destroyed wills and estate records, primarily. In June 1864 during the Civil War, court records (mostly volumes) were removed from the courthouse and loaded on a wagon to be taken to place of safety on or beyond the Blue Ridge. The wagon was overtaken by Union troops near Port Republic and set on fire, which was put out by local citizens. Many order books, deed books, will books, and fiduciary books, however, were lost or severely damaged by the fire. The loose records that remained at the courthouse were undamaged. Pre-1865 records including deeds and wills were rerecorded following an act of assembly passed in November 1884.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Record Type:","Bills of sale are written agreements which convey title of property, including enslaved people, from seller to buyer. Under the system of chattel slavery, laws permitted enslavers to treat enslaved people as personal possessions in the same manner as livestock, farm equipment, or household items. Enslaved people could be bought or sold without regard to their personal relationships or free will. Bills of sale record the name of the seller, the names of enslaved people being sold and their price, and the name of the buyer. Given that they involved a property transaction, bills of sale were commonly recorded and filed with deeds in the local court. However, there was no official requirement that the transfer of an enslaved person be recorded unless necessary for legal purposes such as a court case or an estate settlement. Enslaved people could also be transferred through a deed of gift, there was no money transaction involved in this case, which distinguishes this record from a bill of sale. Enslavers and their family members often transferred enslaved people between themselves in this manner.","Deeds are written agreements which convey title of property, such as an enslaved person, from one individual to another. These include the voluntary transfer of enslaved people between family members with no financial transaction involved. Deeds include the names of the grantors, grantees, and enslaved people. Clerks proved, acknowledged, and recorded deeds in the local court.","Locality History: Rockingham County was named for Charles Watson-Wentworth, second marquis of Rockingham, who supported the colonies during the years before and during the Revolutionary War. The county was formed from Augusta County in 1778. The county seat is the city of Harrisonburg.","Lost Locality History: Created in 1778. A courthouse fire in 1787 destroyed wills and estate records, primarily. In June 1864 during the Civil War, court records (mostly volumes) were removed from the courthouse and loaded on a wagon to be taken to place of safety on or beyond the Blue Ridge. The wagon was overtaken by Union troops near Port Republic and set on fire, which was put out by local citizens. Many order books, deed books, will books, and fiduciary books, however, were lost or severely damaged by the fire. The loose records that remained at the courthouse were undamaged. Pre-1865 records including deeds and wills were rerecorded following an act of assembly passed in November 1884."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920. [Site series, box, and or volume]. Local Government Records Collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"prefercite_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920. [Site series, box, and or volume]. Local Government Records Collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEncoded by G Crawford 10 July 2019 ; updated by M. Mason, June 2026\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Encoded by G Crawford 10 July 2019 ; updated by M. Mason, June 2026"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e See Also:  \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02127\"\u003eRockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Land Grants, 1758-1852 \u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSee also: \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi06664\"\u003eRockingham County (Va.)  Deeds of Emancipation \u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n","\u003cp\u003eRecords related to free and enslaved people of Rockingham County (Va.)  and other localities are available through the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/search?vid=01LVA_INST:VU\"\u003eVirginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection\u003c/extref\u003e on the Library of Virginia website.\u003c/p\u003e  \n","\u003cp\u003eAdditional Rockingham County (Va.) Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/\"\u003e \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \n      "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See Also:  Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Land Grants, 1758-1852","See also: Rockingham County (Va.)  Deeds of Emancipation","Records related to free and enslaved people of Rockingham County (Va.)  and other localities are available through the Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection on the Library of Virginia website.","Additional Rockingham County (Va.) Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\""],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, includes deeds of bargain and sale, deeds of gift, mortgages, bills of sale, and deeds of trust. Included are about twenty processed bills of sale and deeds, 1784-1842, involving free and enslaved Black and Multiracial individuals.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDeeds and Bills of Sale, 1784-1842, contain the name of the seller, the name of the purchaser, and the name of the enslaved person or persons being sold. Descriptions of persons being sold usually include age and family relationships among the persons being sold.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDeeds of bargain and sale are the most recorded deed in which one individual sells property, usually land, but occasionally personal property, to another individual. Such deeds show the names of the grantor and grantee, the residence of both parties, a description of what is being sold, the consideration (or price), the location of the tract of land, the tract's boundaries, and any limitations on the property being sold. The deed was signed by the grantor, and possibly his wife or anyone else having a claim to the property, and by at least two witnesses. Appended to the deed may be a memorandum of livery of seisin, stating that the property has changed hands and that peaceful possession has taken place.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDeeds of gift are often found transferring property, either real or personal including enslaved people, from one individual to another \"for love and affection.\" The degree of kinship, if any, between the grantor and grantee is sometimes stated. Information recorded included name(s) of the grantor(s), grantee(s), and enslaved people. Deeds of gift were proved and recorded in the local court.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMortgages and deeds of trust were deeds where one party is indebted to another and transfers or mortgages property to a third party to secure the debt.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBills of sale are written agreements which convey title of property, such as an enslaved person, from seller to buyer. Bills of sale record the name of the seller, the names of enslaved persons being sold and their price, and the name of the buyer. Given that they involved a property transaction, bills of sale were commonly recorded and filed with deeds in the local court.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe deed books record the name of the grantor and grantee, the county of residence of both individuals and a description of property being sold or transferred. All of the books have indexes.\n\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, includes deeds of bargain and sale, deeds of gift, mortgages, bills of sale, and deeds of trust. Included are about twenty processed bills of sale and deeds, 1784-1842, involving free and enslaved Black and Multiracial individuals.","Deeds and Bills of Sale, 1784-1842, contain the name of the seller, the name of the purchaser, and the name of the enslaved person or persons being sold. Descriptions of persons being sold usually include age and family relationships among the persons being sold.","Deeds of bargain and sale are the most recorded deed in which one individual sells property, usually land, but occasionally personal property, to another individual. Such deeds show the names of the grantor and grantee, the residence of both parties, a description of what is being sold, the consideration (or price), the location of the tract of land, the tract's boundaries, and any limitations on the property being sold. The deed was signed by the grantor, and possibly his wife or anyone else having a claim to the property, and by at least two witnesses. Appended to the deed may be a memorandum of livery of seisin, stating that the property has changed hands and that peaceful possession has taken place.","Deeds of gift are often found transferring property, either real or personal including enslaved people, from one individual to another \"for love and affection.\" The degree of kinship, if any, between the grantor and grantee is sometimes stated. Information recorded included name(s) of the grantor(s), grantee(s), and enslaved people. Deeds of gift were proved and recorded in the local court.","Mortgages and deeds of trust were deeds where one party is indebted to another and transfers or mortgages property to a third party to secure the debt.","Bills of sale are written agreements which convey title of property, such as an enslaved person, from seller to buyer. Bills of sale record the name of the seller, the names of enslaved persons being sold and their price, and the name of the buyer. Given that they involved a property transaction, bills of sale were commonly recorded and filed with deeds in the local court.","The deed books record the name of the grantor and grantee, the county of residence of both individuals and a description of property being sold or transferred. All of the books have indexes."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003e\n\u003c/abstract\u003e\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e\n"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":101,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:27:42.624Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05160_c02_c01_c04"}},{"id":"vi_vi05160_c02_c01_c05","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Barcode number 0007641887: Deeds\t\t1801-1802","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05160_c02_c01_c05#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vi_vi05160_c02_c01_c05","ref_ssm":["vi_vi05160_c02_c01_c05"],"id":"vi_vi05160_c02_c01_c05","ead_ssi":"vi_vi05160","_root_":"vi_vi05160","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi05160_c02_c01","parent_ssi":"vi_vi05160_c02_c01","parent_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920","Series II: Deeds and Records Related to \n\t1756-1920","Series II:Subseries A:: Deeds, 1756-1920"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vi_vi05160","vi_vi05160_c02","vi_vi05160_c02_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"Deeds\t\t1801-1802","title_ssm":["Barcode number 0007641887: Deeds\t\t1801-1802"],"title_tesim":["Barcode number 0007641887: Deeds\t\t1801-1802"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Barcode number 0007641887: Deeds\t\t1801-1802"],"text":["Barcode number 0007641887: Deeds\t\t1801-1802","Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920","Series II: Deeds and Records Related to \n\t1756-1920","Series II:Subseries A:: Deeds, 1756-1920"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920","Series II: Deeds and Records Related to \n\t1756-1920","Series II:Subseries A:: Deeds, 1756-1920"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920","Series II: Deeds and Records Related to \n\t1756-1920","Series II:Subseries A:: Deeds, 1756-1920"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":10,"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Rockingham County (Va.)identified Bills of Sale and Deeds, 1765-1864, involving enslaved and free Black and multiracial individuals are digitized and available through Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection  on the Library of Virginia website. Please use digital images.","Majority of Rockingham deed books 1778-1901 are available as microfilm at the Library of Virgina, consult Rockingham County Microfilm. Please use Microfilm copies."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#0/components#4","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:27:42.624Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi05160","ead_ssi":"vi_vi05160","_root_":"vi_vi05160","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi05160","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi05160.xml","title_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920"],"title_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920"],"text":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920",".","Rockingham County (Va.)identified Bills of Sale and Deeds, 1765-1864, involving enslaved and free Black and multiracial individuals are digitized and available through Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection  on the Library of Virginia website. Please use digital images.","Majority of Rockingham deed books 1778-1901 are available as microfilm at the Library of Virgina, consult Rockingham County Microfilm. Please use Microfilm copies.","This collection is arrangedSeries I: Deeds and bills of sale,1784-1842, involving free and enslaved people, arranged chronologically Series II: Deeds and records related to, 1756-1920 largely unprocessed but loosely arranged chronologically; Series II: Subseries A: Deeds, 1756-1920 Series II: Subseries B: Deed books, 1805-1863","Context for Record Type:","Bills of sale are written agreements which convey title of property, including enslaved people, from seller to buyer. Under the system of chattel slavery, laws permitted enslavers to treat enslaved people as personal possessions in the same manner as livestock, farm equipment, or household items. Enslaved people could be bought or sold without regard to their personal relationships or free will. Bills of sale record the name of the seller, the names of enslaved people being sold and their price, and the name of the buyer. Given that they involved a property transaction, bills of sale were commonly recorded and filed with deeds in the local court. However, there was no official requirement that the transfer of an enslaved person be recorded unless necessary for legal purposes such as a court case or an estate settlement. Enslaved people could also be transferred through a deed of gift, there was no money transaction involved in this case, which distinguishes this record from a bill of sale. Enslavers and their family members often transferred enslaved people between themselves in this manner.","Deeds are written agreements which convey title of property, such as an enslaved person, from one individual to another. These include the voluntary transfer of enslaved people between family members with no financial transaction involved. Deeds include the names of the grantors, grantees, and enslaved people. Clerks proved, acknowledged, and recorded deeds in the local court.","Locality History: Rockingham County was named for Charles Watson-Wentworth, second marquis of Rockingham, who supported the colonies during the years before and during the Revolutionary War. The county was formed from Augusta County in 1778. The county seat is the city of Harrisonburg.","Lost Locality History: Created in 1778. A courthouse fire in 1787 destroyed wills and estate records, primarily. In June 1864 during the Civil War, court records (mostly volumes) were removed from the courthouse and loaded on a wagon to be taken to place of safety on or beyond the Blue Ridge. The wagon was overtaken by Union troops near Port Republic and set on fire, which was put out by local citizens. Many order books, deed books, will books, and fiduciary books, however, were lost or severely damaged by the fire. The loose records that remained at the courthouse were undamaged. Pre-1865 records including deeds and wills were rerecorded following an act of assembly passed in November 1884.","Encoded by G Crawford 10 July 2019 ; updated by M. Mason, June 2026","See Also:  Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Land Grants, 1758-1852","See also: Rockingham County (Va.)  Deeds of Emancipation","Records related to free and enslaved people of Rockingham County (Va.)  and other localities are available through the Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection on the Library of Virginia website.","Additional Rockingham County (Va.) Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, includes deeds of bargain and sale, deeds of gift, mortgages, bills of sale, and deeds of trust. Included are about twenty processed bills of sale and deeds, 1784-1842, involving free and enslaved Black and Multiracial individuals.","Deeds and Bills of Sale, 1784-1842, contain the name of the seller, the name of the purchaser, and the name of the enslaved person or persons being sold. Descriptions of persons being sold usually include age and family relationships among the persons being sold.","Deeds of bargain and sale are the most recorded deed in which one individual sells property, usually land, but occasionally personal property, to another individual. Such deeds show the names of the grantor and grantee, the residence of both parties, a description of what is being sold, the consideration (or price), the location of the tract of land, the tract's boundaries, and any limitations on the property being sold. The deed was signed by the grantor, and possibly his wife or anyone else having a claim to the property, and by at least two witnesses. Appended to the deed may be a memorandum of livery of seisin, stating that the property has changed hands and that peaceful possession has taken place.","Deeds of gift are often found transferring property, either real or personal including enslaved people, from one individual to another \"for love and affection.\" The degree of kinship, if any, between the grantor and grantee is sometimes stated. Information recorded included name(s) of the grantor(s), grantee(s), and enslaved people. Deeds of gift were proved and recorded in the local court.","Mortgages and deeds of trust were deeds where one party is indebted to another and transfers or mortgages property to a third party to secure the debt.","Bills of sale are written agreements which convey title of property, such as an enslaved person, from seller to buyer. Bills of sale record the name of the seller, the names of enslaved persons being sold and their price, and the name of the buyer. Given that they involved a property transaction, bills of sale were commonly recorded and filed with deeds in the local court.","The deed books record the name of the grantor and grantee, the county of residence of both individuals and a description of property being sold or transferred. All of the books have indexes.","There are no restrictions.","Library of Virginia","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920"],"collection_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"creator_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Rockingham County under an undated accession 51717."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRockingham County (Va.)identified Bills of Sale and Deeds, 1765-1864, involving enslaved and free Black and multiracial individuals are digitized and available through \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/search?vid=01LVA_INST:VU\"\u003eVirginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection \u003c/extref\u003e on the Library of Virginia website. Please use digital images. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMajority of Rockingham deed books 1778-1901 are available as microfilm at the Library of Virgina, consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/ccmf/VA/VA251#LAN\"\u003eRockingham County Microfilm\u003c/extref\u003e. Please use Microfilm copies. \u003c/p\u003e\n"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.)identified Bills of Sale and Deeds, 1765-1864, involving enslaved and free Black and multiracial individuals are digitized and available through Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection  on the Library of Virginia website. Please use digital images.","Majority of Rockingham deed books 1778-1901 are available as microfilm at the Library of Virgina, consult Rockingham County Microfilm. Please use Microfilm copies."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries I: Deeds and bills of sale,1784-1842, involving free and enslaved people, arranged chronologically \u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries II: Deeds and records related to, 1756-1920 largely unprocessed but loosely arranged chronologically; \u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries II: Subseries A: Deeds, 1756-1920 \u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries II: Subseries B: Deed books, 1805-1863\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arrangedSeries I: Deeds and bills of sale,1784-1842, involving free and enslaved people, arranged chronologically Series II: Deeds and records related to, 1756-1920 largely unprocessed but loosely arranged chronologically; Series II: Subseries A: Deeds, 1756-1920 Series II: Subseries B: Deed books, 1805-1863"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Record Type:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBills of sale are written agreements which convey title of property, including enslaved people, from seller to buyer. Under the system of chattel slavery, laws permitted enslavers to treat enslaved people as personal possessions in the same manner as livestock, farm equipment, or household items. Enslaved people could be bought or sold without regard to their personal relationships or free will. Bills of sale record the name of the seller, the names of enslaved people being sold and their price, and the name of the buyer. Given that they involved a property transaction, bills of sale were commonly recorded and filed with deeds in the local court. However, there was no official requirement that the transfer of an enslaved person be recorded unless necessary for legal purposes such as a court case or an estate settlement. Enslaved people could also be transferred through a deed of gift, there was no money transaction involved in this case, which distinguishes this record from a bill of sale. Enslavers and their family members often transferred enslaved people between themselves in this manner.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDeeds are written agreements which convey title of property, such as an enslaved person, from one individual to another. These include the voluntary transfer of enslaved people between family members with no financial transaction involved. Deeds include the names of the grantors, grantees, and enslaved people. Clerks proved, acknowledged, and recorded deeds in the local court.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History: \u003c/emph\u003eRockingham County was named for Charles Watson-Wentworth, second marquis of Rockingham, who supported the colonies during the years before and during the Revolutionary War. The county was formed from Augusta County in 1778. The county seat is the city of Harrisonburg.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLost Locality History:\u003c/emph\u003e Created in 1778. A courthouse fire in 1787 destroyed wills and estate records, primarily. In June 1864 during the Civil War, court records (mostly volumes) were removed from the courthouse and loaded on a wagon to be taken to place of safety on or beyond the Blue Ridge. The wagon was overtaken by Union troops near Port Republic and set on fire, which was put out by local citizens. Many order books, deed books, will books, and fiduciary books, however, were lost or severely damaged by the fire. The loose records that remained at the courthouse were undamaged. Pre-1865 records including deeds and wills were rerecorded following an act of assembly passed in November 1884.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Record Type:","Bills of sale are written agreements which convey title of property, including enslaved people, from seller to buyer. Under the system of chattel slavery, laws permitted enslavers to treat enslaved people as personal possessions in the same manner as livestock, farm equipment, or household items. Enslaved people could be bought or sold without regard to their personal relationships or free will. Bills of sale record the name of the seller, the names of enslaved people being sold and their price, and the name of the buyer. Given that they involved a property transaction, bills of sale were commonly recorded and filed with deeds in the local court. However, there was no official requirement that the transfer of an enslaved person be recorded unless necessary for legal purposes such as a court case or an estate settlement. Enslaved people could also be transferred through a deed of gift, there was no money transaction involved in this case, which distinguishes this record from a bill of sale. Enslavers and their family members often transferred enslaved people between themselves in this manner.","Deeds are written agreements which convey title of property, such as an enslaved person, from one individual to another. These include the voluntary transfer of enslaved people between family members with no financial transaction involved. Deeds include the names of the grantors, grantees, and enslaved people. Clerks proved, acknowledged, and recorded deeds in the local court.","Locality History: Rockingham County was named for Charles Watson-Wentworth, second marquis of Rockingham, who supported the colonies during the years before and during the Revolutionary War. The county was formed from Augusta County in 1778. The county seat is the city of Harrisonburg.","Lost Locality History: Created in 1778. A courthouse fire in 1787 destroyed wills and estate records, primarily. In June 1864 during the Civil War, court records (mostly volumes) were removed from the courthouse and loaded on a wagon to be taken to place of safety on or beyond the Blue Ridge. The wagon was overtaken by Union troops near Port Republic and set on fire, which was put out by local citizens. Many order books, deed books, will books, and fiduciary books, however, were lost or severely damaged by the fire. The loose records that remained at the courthouse were undamaged. Pre-1865 records including deeds and wills were rerecorded following an act of assembly passed in November 1884."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920. [Site series, box, and or volume]. Local Government Records Collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"prefercite_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920. [Site series, box, and or volume]. Local Government Records Collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEncoded by G Crawford 10 July 2019 ; updated by M. Mason, June 2026\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Encoded by G Crawford 10 July 2019 ; updated by M. Mason, June 2026"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e See Also:  \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02127\"\u003eRockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Land Grants, 1758-1852 \u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSee also: \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi06664\"\u003eRockingham County (Va.)  Deeds of Emancipation \u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n","\u003cp\u003eRecords related to free and enslaved people of Rockingham County (Va.)  and other localities are available through the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/search?vid=01LVA_INST:VU\"\u003eVirginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection\u003c/extref\u003e on the Library of Virginia website.\u003c/p\u003e  \n","\u003cp\u003eAdditional Rockingham County (Va.) Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/\"\u003e \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \n      "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See Also:  Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Land Grants, 1758-1852","See also: Rockingham County (Va.)  Deeds of Emancipation","Records related to free and enslaved people of Rockingham County (Va.)  and other localities are available through the Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection on the Library of Virginia website.","Additional Rockingham County (Va.) Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\""],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, includes deeds of bargain and sale, deeds of gift, mortgages, bills of sale, and deeds of trust. Included are about twenty processed bills of sale and deeds, 1784-1842, involving free and enslaved Black and Multiracial individuals.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDeeds and Bills of Sale, 1784-1842, contain the name of the seller, the name of the purchaser, and the name of the enslaved person or persons being sold. Descriptions of persons being sold usually include age and family relationships among the persons being sold.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDeeds of bargain and sale are the most recorded deed in which one individual sells property, usually land, but occasionally personal property, to another individual. Such deeds show the names of the grantor and grantee, the residence of both parties, a description of what is being sold, the consideration (or price), the location of the tract of land, the tract's boundaries, and any limitations on the property being sold. The deed was signed by the grantor, and possibly his wife or anyone else having a claim to the property, and by at least two witnesses. Appended to the deed may be a memorandum of livery of seisin, stating that the property has changed hands and that peaceful possession has taken place.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDeeds of gift are often found transferring property, either real or personal including enslaved people, from one individual to another \"for love and affection.\" The degree of kinship, if any, between the grantor and grantee is sometimes stated. Information recorded included name(s) of the grantor(s), grantee(s), and enslaved people. Deeds of gift were proved and recorded in the local court.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMortgages and deeds of trust were deeds where one party is indebted to another and transfers or mortgages property to a third party to secure the debt.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBills of sale are written agreements which convey title of property, such as an enslaved person, from seller to buyer. Bills of sale record the name of the seller, the names of enslaved persons being sold and their price, and the name of the buyer. Given that they involved a property transaction, bills of sale were commonly recorded and filed with deeds in the local court.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe deed books record the name of the grantor and grantee, the county of residence of both individuals and a description of property being sold or transferred. All of the books have indexes.\n\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, includes deeds of bargain and sale, deeds of gift, mortgages, bills of sale, and deeds of trust. Included are about twenty processed bills of sale and deeds, 1784-1842, involving free and enslaved Black and Multiracial individuals.","Deeds and Bills of Sale, 1784-1842, contain the name of the seller, the name of the purchaser, and the name of the enslaved person or persons being sold. Descriptions of persons being sold usually include age and family relationships among the persons being sold.","Deeds of bargain and sale are the most recorded deed in which one individual sells property, usually land, but occasionally personal property, to another individual. Such deeds show the names of the grantor and grantee, the residence of both parties, a description of what is being sold, the consideration (or price), the location of the tract of land, the tract's boundaries, and any limitations on the property being sold. The deed was signed by the grantor, and possibly his wife or anyone else having a claim to the property, and by at least two witnesses. Appended to the deed may be a memorandum of livery of seisin, stating that the property has changed hands and that peaceful possession has taken place.","Deeds of gift are often found transferring property, either real or personal including enslaved people, from one individual to another \"for love and affection.\" The degree of kinship, if any, between the grantor and grantee is sometimes stated. Information recorded included name(s) of the grantor(s), grantee(s), and enslaved people. Deeds of gift were proved and recorded in the local court.","Mortgages and deeds of trust were deeds where one party is indebted to another and transfers or mortgages property to a third party to secure the debt.","Bills of sale are written agreements which convey title of property, such as an enslaved person, from seller to buyer. Bills of sale record the name of the seller, the names of enslaved persons being sold and their price, and the name of the buyer. Given that they involved a property transaction, bills of sale were commonly recorded and filed with deeds in the local court.","The deed books record the name of the grantor and grantee, the county of residence of both individuals and a description of property being sold or transferred. All of the books have indexes."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003e\n\u003c/abstract\u003e\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e\n"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":101,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:27:42.624Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05160_c02_c01_c05"}},{"id":"vi_vi05160_c02_c01_c06","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Barcode number 0007641888: Deeds\t\t1802-1803","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05160_c02_c01_c06#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vi_vi05160_c02_c01_c06","ref_ssm":["vi_vi05160_c02_c01_c06"],"id":"vi_vi05160_c02_c01_c06","ead_ssi":"vi_vi05160","_root_":"vi_vi05160","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi05160_c02_c01","parent_ssi":"vi_vi05160_c02_c01","parent_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920","Series II: Deeds and Records Related to \n\t1756-1920","Series II:Subseries A:: Deeds, 1756-1920"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vi_vi05160","vi_vi05160_c02","vi_vi05160_c02_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"Deeds\t\t1802-1803","title_ssm":["Barcode number 0007641888: Deeds\t\t1802-1803"],"title_tesim":["Barcode number 0007641888: Deeds\t\t1802-1803"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Barcode number 0007641888: Deeds\t\t1802-1803"],"text":["Barcode number 0007641888: Deeds\t\t1802-1803","Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920","Series II: Deeds and Records Related to \n\t1756-1920","Series II:Subseries A:: Deeds, 1756-1920"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920","Series II: Deeds and Records Related to \n\t1756-1920","Series II:Subseries A:: Deeds, 1756-1920"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920","Series II: Deeds and Records Related to \n\t1756-1920","Series II:Subseries A:: Deeds, 1756-1920"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":11,"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Rockingham County (Va.)identified Bills of Sale and Deeds, 1765-1864, involving enslaved and free Black and multiracial individuals are digitized and available through Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection  on the Library of Virginia website. Please use digital images.","Majority of Rockingham deed books 1778-1901 are available as microfilm at the Library of Virgina, consult Rockingham County Microfilm. Please use Microfilm copies."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#0/components#5","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:27:42.624Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi05160","ead_ssi":"vi_vi05160","_root_":"vi_vi05160","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi05160","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi05160.xml","title_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920"],"title_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920"],"text":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920",".","Rockingham County (Va.)identified Bills of Sale and Deeds, 1765-1864, involving enslaved and free Black and multiracial individuals are digitized and available through Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection  on the Library of Virginia website. Please use digital images.","Majority of Rockingham deed books 1778-1901 are available as microfilm at the Library of Virgina, consult Rockingham County Microfilm. Please use Microfilm copies.","This collection is arrangedSeries I: Deeds and bills of sale,1784-1842, involving free and enslaved people, arranged chronologically Series II: Deeds and records related to, 1756-1920 largely unprocessed but loosely arranged chronologically; Series II: Subseries A: Deeds, 1756-1920 Series II: Subseries B: Deed books, 1805-1863","Context for Record Type:","Bills of sale are written agreements which convey title of property, including enslaved people, from seller to buyer. Under the system of chattel slavery, laws permitted enslavers to treat enslaved people as personal possessions in the same manner as livestock, farm equipment, or household items. Enslaved people could be bought or sold without regard to their personal relationships or free will. Bills of sale record the name of the seller, the names of enslaved people being sold and their price, and the name of the buyer. Given that they involved a property transaction, bills of sale were commonly recorded and filed with deeds in the local court. However, there was no official requirement that the transfer of an enslaved person be recorded unless necessary for legal purposes such as a court case or an estate settlement. Enslaved people could also be transferred through a deed of gift, there was no money transaction involved in this case, which distinguishes this record from a bill of sale. Enslavers and their family members often transferred enslaved people between themselves in this manner.","Deeds are written agreements which convey title of property, such as an enslaved person, from one individual to another. These include the voluntary transfer of enslaved people between family members with no financial transaction involved. Deeds include the names of the grantors, grantees, and enslaved people. Clerks proved, acknowledged, and recorded deeds in the local court.","Locality History: Rockingham County was named for Charles Watson-Wentworth, second marquis of Rockingham, who supported the colonies during the years before and during the Revolutionary War. The county was formed from Augusta County in 1778. The county seat is the city of Harrisonburg.","Lost Locality History: Created in 1778. A courthouse fire in 1787 destroyed wills and estate records, primarily. In June 1864 during the Civil War, court records (mostly volumes) were removed from the courthouse and loaded on a wagon to be taken to place of safety on or beyond the Blue Ridge. The wagon was overtaken by Union troops near Port Republic and set on fire, which was put out by local citizens. Many order books, deed books, will books, and fiduciary books, however, were lost or severely damaged by the fire. The loose records that remained at the courthouse were undamaged. Pre-1865 records including deeds and wills were rerecorded following an act of assembly passed in November 1884.","Encoded by G Crawford 10 July 2019 ; updated by M. Mason, June 2026","See Also:  Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Land Grants, 1758-1852","See also: Rockingham County (Va.)  Deeds of Emancipation","Records related to free and enslaved people of Rockingham County (Va.)  and other localities are available through the Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection on the Library of Virginia website.","Additional Rockingham County (Va.) Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, includes deeds of bargain and sale, deeds of gift, mortgages, bills of sale, and deeds of trust. Included are about twenty processed bills of sale and deeds, 1784-1842, involving free and enslaved Black and Multiracial individuals.","Deeds and Bills of Sale, 1784-1842, contain the name of the seller, the name of the purchaser, and the name of the enslaved person or persons being sold. Descriptions of persons being sold usually include age and family relationships among the persons being sold.","Deeds of bargain and sale are the most recorded deed in which one individual sells property, usually land, but occasionally personal property, to another individual. Such deeds show the names of the grantor and grantee, the residence of both parties, a description of what is being sold, the consideration (or price), the location of the tract of land, the tract's boundaries, and any limitations on the property being sold. The deed was signed by the grantor, and possibly his wife or anyone else having a claim to the property, and by at least two witnesses. Appended to the deed may be a memorandum of livery of seisin, stating that the property has changed hands and that peaceful possession has taken place.","Deeds of gift are often found transferring property, either real or personal including enslaved people, from one individual to another \"for love and affection.\" The degree of kinship, if any, between the grantor and grantee is sometimes stated. Information recorded included name(s) of the grantor(s), grantee(s), and enslaved people. Deeds of gift were proved and recorded in the local court.","Mortgages and deeds of trust were deeds where one party is indebted to another and transfers or mortgages property to a third party to secure the debt.","Bills of sale are written agreements which convey title of property, such as an enslaved person, from seller to buyer. Bills of sale record the name of the seller, the names of enslaved persons being sold and their price, and the name of the buyer. Given that they involved a property transaction, bills of sale were commonly recorded and filed with deeds in the local court.","The deed books record the name of the grantor and grantee, the county of residence of both individuals and a description of property being sold or transferred. All of the books have indexes.","There are no restrictions.","Library of Virginia","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920"],"collection_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"creator_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Rockingham County under an undated accession 51717."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRockingham County (Va.)identified Bills of Sale and Deeds, 1765-1864, involving enslaved and free Black and multiracial individuals are digitized and available through \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/search?vid=01LVA_INST:VU\"\u003eVirginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection \u003c/extref\u003e on the Library of Virginia website. Please use digital images. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMajority of Rockingham deed books 1778-1901 are available as microfilm at the Library of Virgina, consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/ccmf/VA/VA251#LAN\"\u003eRockingham County Microfilm\u003c/extref\u003e. Please use Microfilm copies. \u003c/p\u003e\n"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.)identified Bills of Sale and Deeds, 1765-1864, involving enslaved and free Black and multiracial individuals are digitized and available through Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection  on the Library of Virginia website. Please use digital images.","Majority of Rockingham deed books 1778-1901 are available as microfilm at the Library of Virgina, consult Rockingham County Microfilm. Please use Microfilm copies."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries I: Deeds and bills of sale,1784-1842, involving free and enslaved people, arranged chronologically \u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries II: Deeds and records related to, 1756-1920 largely unprocessed but loosely arranged chronologically; \u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries II: Subseries A: Deeds, 1756-1920 \u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries II: Subseries B: Deed books, 1805-1863\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arrangedSeries I: Deeds and bills of sale,1784-1842, involving free and enslaved people, arranged chronologically Series II: Deeds and records related to, 1756-1920 largely unprocessed but loosely arranged chronologically; Series II: Subseries A: Deeds, 1756-1920 Series II: Subseries B: Deed books, 1805-1863"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Record Type:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBills of sale are written agreements which convey title of property, including enslaved people, from seller to buyer. Under the system of chattel slavery, laws permitted enslavers to treat enslaved people as personal possessions in the same manner as livestock, farm equipment, or household items. Enslaved people could be bought or sold without regard to their personal relationships or free will. Bills of sale record the name of the seller, the names of enslaved people being sold and their price, and the name of the buyer. Given that they involved a property transaction, bills of sale were commonly recorded and filed with deeds in the local court. However, there was no official requirement that the transfer of an enslaved person be recorded unless necessary for legal purposes such as a court case or an estate settlement. Enslaved people could also be transferred through a deed of gift, there was no money transaction involved in this case, which distinguishes this record from a bill of sale. Enslavers and their family members often transferred enslaved people between themselves in this manner.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDeeds are written agreements which convey title of property, such as an enslaved person, from one individual to another. These include the voluntary transfer of enslaved people between family members with no financial transaction involved. Deeds include the names of the grantors, grantees, and enslaved people. Clerks proved, acknowledged, and recorded deeds in the local court.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History: \u003c/emph\u003eRockingham County was named for Charles Watson-Wentworth, second marquis of Rockingham, who supported the colonies during the years before and during the Revolutionary War. The county was formed from Augusta County in 1778. The county seat is the city of Harrisonburg.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLost Locality History:\u003c/emph\u003e Created in 1778. A courthouse fire in 1787 destroyed wills and estate records, primarily. In June 1864 during the Civil War, court records (mostly volumes) were removed from the courthouse and loaded on a wagon to be taken to place of safety on or beyond the Blue Ridge. The wagon was overtaken by Union troops near Port Republic and set on fire, which was put out by local citizens. Many order books, deed books, will books, and fiduciary books, however, were lost or severely damaged by the fire. The loose records that remained at the courthouse were undamaged. Pre-1865 records including deeds and wills were rerecorded following an act of assembly passed in November 1884.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Record Type:","Bills of sale are written agreements which convey title of property, including enslaved people, from seller to buyer. Under the system of chattel slavery, laws permitted enslavers to treat enslaved people as personal possessions in the same manner as livestock, farm equipment, or household items. Enslaved people could be bought or sold without regard to their personal relationships or free will. Bills of sale record the name of the seller, the names of enslaved people being sold and their price, and the name of the buyer. Given that they involved a property transaction, bills of sale were commonly recorded and filed with deeds in the local court. However, there was no official requirement that the transfer of an enslaved person be recorded unless necessary for legal purposes such as a court case or an estate settlement. Enslaved people could also be transferred through a deed of gift, there was no money transaction involved in this case, which distinguishes this record from a bill of sale. Enslavers and their family members often transferred enslaved people between themselves in this manner.","Deeds are written agreements which convey title of property, such as an enslaved person, from one individual to another. These include the voluntary transfer of enslaved people between family members with no financial transaction involved. Deeds include the names of the grantors, grantees, and enslaved people. Clerks proved, acknowledged, and recorded deeds in the local court.","Locality History: Rockingham County was named for Charles Watson-Wentworth, second marquis of Rockingham, who supported the colonies during the years before and during the Revolutionary War. The county was formed from Augusta County in 1778. The county seat is the city of Harrisonburg.","Lost Locality History: Created in 1778. A courthouse fire in 1787 destroyed wills and estate records, primarily. In June 1864 during the Civil War, court records (mostly volumes) were removed from the courthouse and loaded on a wagon to be taken to place of safety on or beyond the Blue Ridge. The wagon was overtaken by Union troops near Port Republic and set on fire, which was put out by local citizens. Many order books, deed books, will books, and fiduciary books, however, were lost or severely damaged by the fire. The loose records that remained at the courthouse were undamaged. Pre-1865 records including deeds and wills were rerecorded following an act of assembly passed in November 1884."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920. [Site series, box, and or volume]. Local Government Records Collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"prefercite_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920. [Site series, box, and or volume]. Local Government Records Collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEncoded by G Crawford 10 July 2019 ; updated by M. Mason, June 2026\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Encoded by G Crawford 10 July 2019 ; updated by M. Mason, June 2026"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e See Also:  \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02127\"\u003eRockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Land Grants, 1758-1852 \u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSee also: \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi06664\"\u003eRockingham County (Va.)  Deeds of Emancipation \u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n","\u003cp\u003eRecords related to free and enslaved people of Rockingham County (Va.)  and other localities are available through the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/search?vid=01LVA_INST:VU\"\u003eVirginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection\u003c/extref\u003e on the Library of Virginia website.\u003c/p\u003e  \n","\u003cp\u003eAdditional Rockingham County (Va.) Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/\"\u003e \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \n      "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See Also:  Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Land Grants, 1758-1852","See also: Rockingham County (Va.)  Deeds of Emancipation","Records related to free and enslaved people of Rockingham County (Va.)  and other localities are available through the Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection on the Library of Virginia website.","Additional Rockingham County (Va.) Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\""],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, includes deeds of bargain and sale, deeds of gift, mortgages, bills of sale, and deeds of trust. Included are about twenty processed bills of sale and deeds, 1784-1842, involving free and enslaved Black and Multiracial individuals.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDeeds and Bills of Sale, 1784-1842, contain the name of the seller, the name of the purchaser, and the name of the enslaved person or persons being sold. Descriptions of persons being sold usually include age and family relationships among the persons being sold.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDeeds of bargain and sale are the most recorded deed in which one individual sells property, usually land, but occasionally personal property, to another individual. Such deeds show the names of the grantor and grantee, the residence of both parties, a description of what is being sold, the consideration (or price), the location of the tract of land, the tract's boundaries, and any limitations on the property being sold. The deed was signed by the grantor, and possibly his wife or anyone else having a claim to the property, and by at least two witnesses. Appended to the deed may be a memorandum of livery of seisin, stating that the property has changed hands and that peaceful possession has taken place.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDeeds of gift are often found transferring property, either real or personal including enslaved people, from one individual to another \"for love and affection.\" The degree of kinship, if any, between the grantor and grantee is sometimes stated. Information recorded included name(s) of the grantor(s), grantee(s), and enslaved people. Deeds of gift were proved and recorded in the local court.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMortgages and deeds of trust were deeds where one party is indebted to another and transfers or mortgages property to a third party to secure the debt.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBills of sale are written agreements which convey title of property, such as an enslaved person, from seller to buyer. Bills of sale record the name of the seller, the names of enslaved persons being sold and their price, and the name of the buyer. Given that they involved a property transaction, bills of sale were commonly recorded and filed with deeds in the local court.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe deed books record the name of the grantor and grantee, the county of residence of both individuals and a description of property being sold or transferred. All of the books have indexes.\n\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, includes deeds of bargain and sale, deeds of gift, mortgages, bills of sale, and deeds of trust. Included are about twenty processed bills of sale and deeds, 1784-1842, involving free and enslaved Black and Multiracial individuals.","Deeds and Bills of Sale, 1784-1842, contain the name of the seller, the name of the purchaser, and the name of the enslaved person or persons being sold. Descriptions of persons being sold usually include age and family relationships among the persons being sold.","Deeds of bargain and sale are the most recorded deed in which one individual sells property, usually land, but occasionally personal property, to another individual. Such deeds show the names of the grantor and grantee, the residence of both parties, a description of what is being sold, the consideration (or price), the location of the tract of land, the tract's boundaries, and any limitations on the property being sold. The deed was signed by the grantor, and possibly his wife or anyone else having a claim to the property, and by at least two witnesses. Appended to the deed may be a memorandum of livery of seisin, stating that the property has changed hands and that peaceful possession has taken place.","Deeds of gift are often found transferring property, either real or personal including enslaved people, from one individual to another \"for love and affection.\" The degree of kinship, if any, between the grantor and grantee is sometimes stated. Information recorded included name(s) of the grantor(s), grantee(s), and enslaved people. Deeds of gift were proved and recorded in the local court.","Mortgages and deeds of trust were deeds where one party is indebted to another and transfers or mortgages property to a third party to secure the debt.","Bills of sale are written agreements which convey title of property, such as an enslaved person, from seller to buyer. Bills of sale record the name of the seller, the names of enslaved persons being sold and their price, and the name of the buyer. Given that they involved a property transaction, bills of sale were commonly recorded and filed with deeds in the local court.","The deed books record the name of the grantor and grantee, the county of residence of both individuals and a description of property being sold or transferred. All of the books have indexes."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003e\n\u003c/abstract\u003e\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e\n"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":101,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:27:42.624Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05160_c02_c01_c06"}},{"id":"vi_vi05160_c02_c01_c07","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Barcode number 0007641930: Deeds\t\t1805-1806","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05160_c02_c01_c07#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vi_vi05160_c02_c01_c07","ref_ssm":["vi_vi05160_c02_c01_c07"],"id":"vi_vi05160_c02_c01_c07","ead_ssi":"vi_vi05160","_root_":"vi_vi05160","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi05160_c02_c01","parent_ssi":"vi_vi05160_c02_c01","parent_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920","Series II: Deeds and Records Related to \n\t1756-1920","Series II:Subseries A:: Deeds, 1756-1920"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vi_vi05160","vi_vi05160_c02","vi_vi05160_c02_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"Deeds\t\t1805-1806","title_ssm":["Barcode number 0007641930: Deeds\t\t1805-1806"],"title_tesim":["Barcode number 0007641930: Deeds\t\t1805-1806"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Barcode number 0007641930: Deeds\t\t1805-1806"],"text":["Barcode number 0007641930: Deeds\t\t1805-1806","Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920","Series II: Deeds and Records Related to \n\t1756-1920","Series II:Subseries A:: Deeds, 1756-1920"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920","Series II: Deeds and Records Related to \n\t1756-1920","Series II:Subseries A:: Deeds, 1756-1920"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920","Series II: Deeds and Records Related to \n\t1756-1920","Series II:Subseries A:: Deeds, 1756-1920"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":12,"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Rockingham County (Va.)identified Bills of Sale and Deeds, 1765-1864, involving enslaved and free Black and multiracial individuals are digitized and available through Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection  on the Library of Virginia website. Please use digital images.","Majority of Rockingham deed books 1778-1901 are available as microfilm at the Library of Virgina, consult Rockingham County Microfilm. Please use Microfilm copies."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#0/components#6","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:27:42.624Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi05160","ead_ssi":"vi_vi05160","_root_":"vi_vi05160","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi05160","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi05160.xml","title_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920"],"title_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920"],"text":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920",".","Rockingham County (Va.)identified Bills of Sale and Deeds, 1765-1864, involving enslaved and free Black and multiracial individuals are digitized and available through Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection  on the Library of Virginia website. Please use digital images.","Majority of Rockingham deed books 1778-1901 are available as microfilm at the Library of Virgina, consult Rockingham County Microfilm. Please use Microfilm copies.","This collection is arrangedSeries I: Deeds and bills of sale,1784-1842, involving free and enslaved people, arranged chronologically Series II: Deeds and records related to, 1756-1920 largely unprocessed but loosely arranged chronologically; Series II: Subseries A: Deeds, 1756-1920 Series II: Subseries B: Deed books, 1805-1863","Context for Record Type:","Bills of sale are written agreements which convey title of property, including enslaved people, from seller to buyer. Under the system of chattel slavery, laws permitted enslavers to treat enslaved people as personal possessions in the same manner as livestock, farm equipment, or household items. Enslaved people could be bought or sold without regard to their personal relationships or free will. Bills of sale record the name of the seller, the names of enslaved people being sold and their price, and the name of the buyer. Given that they involved a property transaction, bills of sale were commonly recorded and filed with deeds in the local court. However, there was no official requirement that the transfer of an enslaved person be recorded unless necessary for legal purposes such as a court case or an estate settlement. Enslaved people could also be transferred through a deed of gift, there was no money transaction involved in this case, which distinguishes this record from a bill of sale. Enslavers and their family members often transferred enslaved people between themselves in this manner.","Deeds are written agreements which convey title of property, such as an enslaved person, from one individual to another. These include the voluntary transfer of enslaved people between family members with no financial transaction involved. Deeds include the names of the grantors, grantees, and enslaved people. Clerks proved, acknowledged, and recorded deeds in the local court.","Locality History: Rockingham County was named for Charles Watson-Wentworth, second marquis of Rockingham, who supported the colonies during the years before and during the Revolutionary War. The county was formed from Augusta County in 1778. The county seat is the city of Harrisonburg.","Lost Locality History: Created in 1778. A courthouse fire in 1787 destroyed wills and estate records, primarily. In June 1864 during the Civil War, court records (mostly volumes) were removed from the courthouse and loaded on a wagon to be taken to place of safety on or beyond the Blue Ridge. The wagon was overtaken by Union troops near Port Republic and set on fire, which was put out by local citizens. Many order books, deed books, will books, and fiduciary books, however, were lost or severely damaged by the fire. The loose records that remained at the courthouse were undamaged. Pre-1865 records including deeds and wills were rerecorded following an act of assembly passed in November 1884.","Encoded by G Crawford 10 July 2019 ; updated by M. Mason, June 2026","See Also:  Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Land Grants, 1758-1852","See also: Rockingham County (Va.)  Deeds of Emancipation","Records related to free and enslaved people of Rockingham County (Va.)  and other localities are available through the Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection on the Library of Virginia website.","Additional Rockingham County (Va.) Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, includes deeds of bargain and sale, deeds of gift, mortgages, bills of sale, and deeds of trust. Included are about twenty processed bills of sale and deeds, 1784-1842, involving free and enslaved Black and Multiracial individuals.","Deeds and Bills of Sale, 1784-1842, contain the name of the seller, the name of the purchaser, and the name of the enslaved person or persons being sold. Descriptions of persons being sold usually include age and family relationships among the persons being sold.","Deeds of bargain and sale are the most recorded deed in which one individual sells property, usually land, but occasionally personal property, to another individual. Such deeds show the names of the grantor and grantee, the residence of both parties, a description of what is being sold, the consideration (or price), the location of the tract of land, the tract's boundaries, and any limitations on the property being sold. The deed was signed by the grantor, and possibly his wife or anyone else having a claim to the property, and by at least two witnesses. Appended to the deed may be a memorandum of livery of seisin, stating that the property has changed hands and that peaceful possession has taken place.","Deeds of gift are often found transferring property, either real or personal including enslaved people, from one individual to another \"for love and affection.\" The degree of kinship, if any, between the grantor and grantee is sometimes stated. Information recorded included name(s) of the grantor(s), grantee(s), and enslaved people. Deeds of gift were proved and recorded in the local court.","Mortgages and deeds of trust were deeds where one party is indebted to another and transfers or mortgages property to a third party to secure the debt.","Bills of sale are written agreements which convey title of property, such as an enslaved person, from seller to buyer. Bills of sale record the name of the seller, the names of enslaved persons being sold and their price, and the name of the buyer. Given that they involved a property transaction, bills of sale were commonly recorded and filed with deeds in the local court.","The deed books record the name of the grantor and grantee, the county of residence of both individuals and a description of property being sold or transferred. All of the books have indexes.","There are no restrictions.","Library of Virginia","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920"],"collection_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"creator_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Rockingham County under an undated accession 51717."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRockingham County (Va.)identified Bills of Sale and Deeds, 1765-1864, involving enslaved and free Black and multiracial individuals are digitized and available through \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/search?vid=01LVA_INST:VU\"\u003eVirginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection \u003c/extref\u003e on the Library of Virginia website. Please use digital images. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMajority of Rockingham deed books 1778-1901 are available as microfilm at the Library of Virgina, consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/ccmf/VA/VA251#LAN\"\u003eRockingham County Microfilm\u003c/extref\u003e. Please use Microfilm copies. \u003c/p\u003e\n"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.)identified Bills of Sale and Deeds, 1765-1864, involving enslaved and free Black and multiracial individuals are digitized and available through Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection  on the Library of Virginia website. Please use digital images.","Majority of Rockingham deed books 1778-1901 are available as microfilm at the Library of Virgina, consult Rockingham County Microfilm. Please use Microfilm copies."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries I: Deeds and bills of sale,1784-1842, involving free and enslaved people, arranged chronologically \u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries II: Deeds and records related to, 1756-1920 largely unprocessed but loosely arranged chronologically; \u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries II: Subseries A: Deeds, 1756-1920 \u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries II: Subseries B: Deed books, 1805-1863\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arrangedSeries I: Deeds and bills of sale,1784-1842, involving free and enslaved people, arranged chronologically Series II: Deeds and records related to, 1756-1920 largely unprocessed but loosely arranged chronologically; Series II: Subseries A: Deeds, 1756-1920 Series II: Subseries B: Deed books, 1805-1863"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Record Type:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBills of sale are written agreements which convey title of property, including enslaved people, from seller to buyer. Under the system of chattel slavery, laws permitted enslavers to treat enslaved people as personal possessions in the same manner as livestock, farm equipment, or household items. Enslaved people could be bought or sold without regard to their personal relationships or free will. Bills of sale record the name of the seller, the names of enslaved people being sold and their price, and the name of the buyer. Given that they involved a property transaction, bills of sale were commonly recorded and filed with deeds in the local court. However, there was no official requirement that the transfer of an enslaved person be recorded unless necessary for legal purposes such as a court case or an estate settlement. Enslaved people could also be transferred through a deed of gift, there was no money transaction involved in this case, which distinguishes this record from a bill of sale. Enslavers and their family members often transferred enslaved people between themselves in this manner.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDeeds are written agreements which convey title of property, such as an enslaved person, from one individual to another. These include the voluntary transfer of enslaved people between family members with no financial transaction involved. Deeds include the names of the grantors, grantees, and enslaved people. Clerks proved, acknowledged, and recorded deeds in the local court.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History: \u003c/emph\u003eRockingham County was named for Charles Watson-Wentworth, second marquis of Rockingham, who supported the colonies during the years before and during the Revolutionary War. The county was formed from Augusta County in 1778. The county seat is the city of Harrisonburg.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLost Locality History:\u003c/emph\u003e Created in 1778. A courthouse fire in 1787 destroyed wills and estate records, primarily. In June 1864 during the Civil War, court records (mostly volumes) were removed from the courthouse and loaded on a wagon to be taken to place of safety on or beyond the Blue Ridge. The wagon was overtaken by Union troops near Port Republic and set on fire, which was put out by local citizens. Many order books, deed books, will books, and fiduciary books, however, were lost or severely damaged by the fire. The loose records that remained at the courthouse were undamaged. Pre-1865 records including deeds and wills were rerecorded following an act of assembly passed in November 1884.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Record Type:","Bills of sale are written agreements which convey title of property, including enslaved people, from seller to buyer. Under the system of chattel slavery, laws permitted enslavers to treat enslaved people as personal possessions in the same manner as livestock, farm equipment, or household items. Enslaved people could be bought or sold without regard to their personal relationships or free will. Bills of sale record the name of the seller, the names of enslaved people being sold and their price, and the name of the buyer. Given that they involved a property transaction, bills of sale were commonly recorded and filed with deeds in the local court. However, there was no official requirement that the transfer of an enslaved person be recorded unless necessary for legal purposes such as a court case or an estate settlement. Enslaved people could also be transferred through a deed of gift, there was no money transaction involved in this case, which distinguishes this record from a bill of sale. Enslavers and their family members often transferred enslaved people between themselves in this manner.","Deeds are written agreements which convey title of property, such as an enslaved person, from one individual to another. These include the voluntary transfer of enslaved people between family members with no financial transaction involved. Deeds include the names of the grantors, grantees, and enslaved people. Clerks proved, acknowledged, and recorded deeds in the local court.","Locality History: Rockingham County was named for Charles Watson-Wentworth, second marquis of Rockingham, who supported the colonies during the years before and during the Revolutionary War. The county was formed from Augusta County in 1778. The county seat is the city of Harrisonburg.","Lost Locality History: Created in 1778. A courthouse fire in 1787 destroyed wills and estate records, primarily. In June 1864 during the Civil War, court records (mostly volumes) were removed from the courthouse and loaded on a wagon to be taken to place of safety on or beyond the Blue Ridge. The wagon was overtaken by Union troops near Port Republic and set on fire, which was put out by local citizens. Many order books, deed books, will books, and fiduciary books, however, were lost or severely damaged by the fire. The loose records that remained at the courthouse were undamaged. Pre-1865 records including deeds and wills were rerecorded following an act of assembly passed in November 1884."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920. [Site series, box, and or volume]. Local Government Records Collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"prefercite_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920. [Site series, box, and or volume]. Local Government Records Collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEncoded by G Crawford 10 July 2019 ; updated by M. Mason, June 2026\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Encoded by G Crawford 10 July 2019 ; updated by M. Mason, June 2026"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e See Also:  \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02127\"\u003eRockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Land Grants, 1758-1852 \u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSee also: \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi06664\"\u003eRockingham County (Va.)  Deeds of Emancipation \u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n","\u003cp\u003eRecords related to free and enslaved people of Rockingham County (Va.)  and other localities are available through the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/search?vid=01LVA_INST:VU\"\u003eVirginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection\u003c/extref\u003e on the Library of Virginia website.\u003c/p\u003e  \n","\u003cp\u003eAdditional Rockingham County (Va.) Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/\"\u003e \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \n      "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See Also:  Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Land Grants, 1758-1852","See also: Rockingham County (Va.)  Deeds of Emancipation","Records related to free and enslaved people of Rockingham County (Va.)  and other localities are available through the Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection on the Library of Virginia website.","Additional Rockingham County (Va.) Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\""],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, includes deeds of bargain and sale, deeds of gift, mortgages, bills of sale, and deeds of trust. Included are about twenty processed bills of sale and deeds, 1784-1842, involving free and enslaved Black and Multiracial individuals.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDeeds and Bills of Sale, 1784-1842, contain the name of the seller, the name of the purchaser, and the name of the enslaved person or persons being sold. Descriptions of persons being sold usually include age and family relationships among the persons being sold.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDeeds of bargain and sale are the most recorded deed in which one individual sells property, usually land, but occasionally personal property, to another individual. Such deeds show the names of the grantor and grantee, the residence of both parties, a description of what is being sold, the consideration (or price), the location of the tract of land, the tract's boundaries, and any limitations on the property being sold. The deed was signed by the grantor, and possibly his wife or anyone else having a claim to the property, and by at least two witnesses. Appended to the deed may be a memorandum of livery of seisin, stating that the property has changed hands and that peaceful possession has taken place.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDeeds of gift are often found transferring property, either real or personal including enslaved people, from one individual to another \"for love and affection.\" The degree of kinship, if any, between the grantor and grantee is sometimes stated. Information recorded included name(s) of the grantor(s), grantee(s), and enslaved people. Deeds of gift were proved and recorded in the local court.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMortgages and deeds of trust were deeds where one party is indebted to another and transfers or mortgages property to a third party to secure the debt.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBills of sale are written agreements which convey title of property, such as an enslaved person, from seller to buyer. Bills of sale record the name of the seller, the names of enslaved persons being sold and their price, and the name of the buyer. Given that they involved a property transaction, bills of sale were commonly recorded and filed with deeds in the local court.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe deed books record the name of the grantor and grantee, the county of residence of both individuals and a description of property being sold or transferred. All of the books have indexes.\n\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, includes deeds of bargain and sale, deeds of gift, mortgages, bills of sale, and deeds of trust. Included are about twenty processed bills of sale and deeds, 1784-1842, involving free and enslaved Black and Multiracial individuals.","Deeds and Bills of Sale, 1784-1842, contain the name of the seller, the name of the purchaser, and the name of the enslaved person or persons being sold. Descriptions of persons being sold usually include age and family relationships among the persons being sold.","Deeds of bargain and sale are the most recorded deed in which one individual sells property, usually land, but occasionally personal property, to another individual. Such deeds show the names of the grantor and grantee, the residence of both parties, a description of what is being sold, the consideration (or price), the location of the tract of land, the tract's boundaries, and any limitations on the property being sold. The deed was signed by the grantor, and possibly his wife or anyone else having a claim to the property, and by at least two witnesses. Appended to the deed may be a memorandum of livery of seisin, stating that the property has changed hands and that peaceful possession has taken place.","Deeds of gift are often found transferring property, either real or personal including enslaved people, from one individual to another \"for love and affection.\" The degree of kinship, if any, between the grantor and grantee is sometimes stated. Information recorded included name(s) of the grantor(s), grantee(s), and enslaved people. Deeds of gift were proved and recorded in the local court.","Mortgages and deeds of trust were deeds where one party is indebted to another and transfers or mortgages property to a third party to secure the debt.","Bills of sale are written agreements which convey title of property, such as an enslaved person, from seller to buyer. Bills of sale record the name of the seller, the names of enslaved persons being sold and their price, and the name of the buyer. Given that they involved a property transaction, bills of sale were commonly recorded and filed with deeds in the local court.","The deed books record the name of the grantor and grantee, the county of residence of both individuals and a description of property being sold or transferred. All of the books have indexes."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003e\n\u003c/abstract\u003e\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e\n"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":101,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:27:42.624Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05160_c02_c01_c07"}},{"id":"vi_vi05160_c02_c01_c08","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Barcode number 0007641931: Deeds\t\t1806-1808","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05160_c02_c01_c08#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vi_vi05160_c02_c01_c08","ref_ssm":["vi_vi05160_c02_c01_c08"],"id":"vi_vi05160_c02_c01_c08","ead_ssi":"vi_vi05160","_root_":"vi_vi05160","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi05160_c02_c01","parent_ssi":"vi_vi05160_c02_c01","parent_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920","Series II: Deeds and Records Related to \n\t1756-1920","Series II:Subseries A:: Deeds, 1756-1920"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vi_vi05160","vi_vi05160_c02","vi_vi05160_c02_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"Deeds\t\t1806-1808","title_ssm":["Barcode number 0007641931: Deeds\t\t1806-1808"],"title_tesim":["Barcode number 0007641931: Deeds\t\t1806-1808"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Barcode number 0007641931: Deeds\t\t1806-1808"],"text":["Barcode number 0007641931: Deeds\t\t1806-1808","Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920","Series II: Deeds and Records Related to \n\t1756-1920","Series II:Subseries A:: Deeds, 1756-1920"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920","Series II: Deeds and Records Related to \n\t1756-1920","Series II:Subseries A:: Deeds, 1756-1920"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920","Series II: Deeds and Records Related to \n\t1756-1920","Series II:Subseries A:: Deeds, 1756-1920"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":13,"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Rockingham County (Va.)identified Bills of Sale and Deeds, 1765-1864, involving enslaved and free Black and multiracial individuals are digitized and available through Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection  on the Library of Virginia website. Please use digital images.","Majority of Rockingham deed books 1778-1901 are available as microfilm at the Library of Virgina, consult Rockingham County Microfilm. Please use Microfilm copies."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#0/components#7","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:27:42.624Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi05160","ead_ssi":"vi_vi05160","_root_":"vi_vi05160","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi05160","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi05160.xml","title_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920"],"title_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920"],"text":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920",".","Rockingham County (Va.)identified Bills of Sale and Deeds, 1765-1864, involving enslaved and free Black and multiracial individuals are digitized and available through Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection  on the Library of Virginia website. Please use digital images.","Majority of Rockingham deed books 1778-1901 are available as microfilm at the Library of Virgina, consult Rockingham County Microfilm. Please use Microfilm copies.","This collection is arrangedSeries I: Deeds and bills of sale,1784-1842, involving free and enslaved people, arranged chronologically Series II: Deeds and records related to, 1756-1920 largely unprocessed but loosely arranged chronologically; Series II: Subseries A: Deeds, 1756-1920 Series II: Subseries B: Deed books, 1805-1863","Context for Record Type:","Bills of sale are written agreements which convey title of property, including enslaved people, from seller to buyer. Under the system of chattel slavery, laws permitted enslavers to treat enslaved people as personal possessions in the same manner as livestock, farm equipment, or household items. Enslaved people could be bought or sold without regard to their personal relationships or free will. Bills of sale record the name of the seller, the names of enslaved people being sold and their price, and the name of the buyer. Given that they involved a property transaction, bills of sale were commonly recorded and filed with deeds in the local court. However, there was no official requirement that the transfer of an enslaved person be recorded unless necessary for legal purposes such as a court case or an estate settlement. Enslaved people could also be transferred through a deed of gift, there was no money transaction involved in this case, which distinguishes this record from a bill of sale. Enslavers and their family members often transferred enslaved people between themselves in this manner.","Deeds are written agreements which convey title of property, such as an enslaved person, from one individual to another. These include the voluntary transfer of enslaved people between family members with no financial transaction involved. Deeds include the names of the grantors, grantees, and enslaved people. Clerks proved, acknowledged, and recorded deeds in the local court.","Locality History: Rockingham County was named for Charles Watson-Wentworth, second marquis of Rockingham, who supported the colonies during the years before and during the Revolutionary War. The county was formed from Augusta County in 1778. The county seat is the city of Harrisonburg.","Lost Locality History: Created in 1778. A courthouse fire in 1787 destroyed wills and estate records, primarily. In June 1864 during the Civil War, court records (mostly volumes) were removed from the courthouse and loaded on a wagon to be taken to place of safety on or beyond the Blue Ridge. The wagon was overtaken by Union troops near Port Republic and set on fire, which was put out by local citizens. Many order books, deed books, will books, and fiduciary books, however, were lost or severely damaged by the fire. The loose records that remained at the courthouse were undamaged. Pre-1865 records including deeds and wills were rerecorded following an act of assembly passed in November 1884.","Encoded by G Crawford 10 July 2019 ; updated by M. Mason, June 2026","See Also:  Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Land Grants, 1758-1852","See also: Rockingham County (Va.)  Deeds of Emancipation","Records related to free and enslaved people of Rockingham County (Va.)  and other localities are available through the Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection on the Library of Virginia website.","Additional Rockingham County (Va.) Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, includes deeds of bargain and sale, deeds of gift, mortgages, bills of sale, and deeds of trust. Included are about twenty processed bills of sale and deeds, 1784-1842, involving free and enslaved Black and Multiracial individuals.","Deeds and Bills of Sale, 1784-1842, contain the name of the seller, the name of the purchaser, and the name of the enslaved person or persons being sold. Descriptions of persons being sold usually include age and family relationships among the persons being sold.","Deeds of bargain and sale are the most recorded deed in which one individual sells property, usually land, but occasionally personal property, to another individual. Such deeds show the names of the grantor and grantee, the residence of both parties, a description of what is being sold, the consideration (or price), the location of the tract of land, the tract's boundaries, and any limitations on the property being sold. The deed was signed by the grantor, and possibly his wife or anyone else having a claim to the property, and by at least two witnesses. Appended to the deed may be a memorandum of livery of seisin, stating that the property has changed hands and that peaceful possession has taken place.","Deeds of gift are often found transferring property, either real or personal including enslaved people, from one individual to another \"for love and affection.\" The degree of kinship, if any, between the grantor and grantee is sometimes stated. Information recorded included name(s) of the grantor(s), grantee(s), and enslaved people. Deeds of gift were proved and recorded in the local court.","Mortgages and deeds of trust were deeds where one party is indebted to another and transfers or mortgages property to a third party to secure the debt.","Bills of sale are written agreements which convey title of property, such as an enslaved person, from seller to buyer. Bills of sale record the name of the seller, the names of enslaved persons being sold and their price, and the name of the buyer. Given that they involved a property transaction, bills of sale were commonly recorded and filed with deeds in the local court.","The deed books record the name of the grantor and grantee, the county of residence of both individuals and a description of property being sold or transferred. All of the books have indexes.","There are no restrictions.","Library of Virginia","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920"],"collection_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"creator_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Rockingham County under an undated accession 51717."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRockingham County (Va.)identified Bills of Sale and Deeds, 1765-1864, involving enslaved and free Black and multiracial individuals are digitized and available through \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/search?vid=01LVA_INST:VU\"\u003eVirginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection \u003c/extref\u003e on the Library of Virginia website. Please use digital images. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMajority of Rockingham deed books 1778-1901 are available as microfilm at the Library of Virgina, consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/ccmf/VA/VA251#LAN\"\u003eRockingham County Microfilm\u003c/extref\u003e. Please use Microfilm copies. \u003c/p\u003e\n"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.)identified Bills of Sale and Deeds, 1765-1864, involving enslaved and free Black and multiracial individuals are digitized and available through Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection  on the Library of Virginia website. Please use digital images.","Majority of Rockingham deed books 1778-1901 are available as microfilm at the Library of Virgina, consult Rockingham County Microfilm. Please use Microfilm copies."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries I: Deeds and bills of sale,1784-1842, involving free and enslaved people, arranged chronologically \u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries II: Deeds and records related to, 1756-1920 largely unprocessed but loosely arranged chronologically; \u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries II: Subseries A: Deeds, 1756-1920 \u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries II: Subseries B: Deed books, 1805-1863\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arrangedSeries I: Deeds and bills of sale,1784-1842, involving free and enslaved people, arranged chronologically Series II: Deeds and records related to, 1756-1920 largely unprocessed but loosely arranged chronologically; Series II: Subseries A: Deeds, 1756-1920 Series II: Subseries B: Deed books, 1805-1863"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Record Type:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBills of sale are written agreements which convey title of property, including enslaved people, from seller to buyer. Under the system of chattel slavery, laws permitted enslavers to treat enslaved people as personal possessions in the same manner as livestock, farm equipment, or household items. Enslaved people could be bought or sold without regard to their personal relationships or free will. Bills of sale record the name of the seller, the names of enslaved people being sold and their price, and the name of the buyer. Given that they involved a property transaction, bills of sale were commonly recorded and filed with deeds in the local court. However, there was no official requirement that the transfer of an enslaved person be recorded unless necessary for legal purposes such as a court case or an estate settlement. Enslaved people could also be transferred through a deed of gift, there was no money transaction involved in this case, which distinguishes this record from a bill of sale. Enslavers and their family members often transferred enslaved people between themselves in this manner.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDeeds are written agreements which convey title of property, such as an enslaved person, from one individual to another. These include the voluntary transfer of enslaved people between family members with no financial transaction involved. Deeds include the names of the grantors, grantees, and enslaved people. Clerks proved, acknowledged, and recorded deeds in the local court.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History: \u003c/emph\u003eRockingham County was named for Charles Watson-Wentworth, second marquis of Rockingham, who supported the colonies during the years before and during the Revolutionary War. The county was formed from Augusta County in 1778. The county seat is the city of Harrisonburg.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLost Locality History:\u003c/emph\u003e Created in 1778. A courthouse fire in 1787 destroyed wills and estate records, primarily. In June 1864 during the Civil War, court records (mostly volumes) were removed from the courthouse and loaded on a wagon to be taken to place of safety on or beyond the Blue Ridge. The wagon was overtaken by Union troops near Port Republic and set on fire, which was put out by local citizens. Many order books, deed books, will books, and fiduciary books, however, were lost or severely damaged by the fire. The loose records that remained at the courthouse were undamaged. Pre-1865 records including deeds and wills were rerecorded following an act of assembly passed in November 1884.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Record Type:","Bills of sale are written agreements which convey title of property, including enslaved people, from seller to buyer. Under the system of chattel slavery, laws permitted enslavers to treat enslaved people as personal possessions in the same manner as livestock, farm equipment, or household items. Enslaved people could be bought or sold without regard to their personal relationships or free will. Bills of sale record the name of the seller, the names of enslaved people being sold and their price, and the name of the buyer. Given that they involved a property transaction, bills of sale were commonly recorded and filed with deeds in the local court. However, there was no official requirement that the transfer of an enslaved person be recorded unless necessary for legal purposes such as a court case or an estate settlement. Enslaved people could also be transferred through a deed of gift, there was no money transaction involved in this case, which distinguishes this record from a bill of sale. Enslavers and their family members often transferred enslaved people between themselves in this manner.","Deeds are written agreements which convey title of property, such as an enslaved person, from one individual to another. These include the voluntary transfer of enslaved people between family members with no financial transaction involved. Deeds include the names of the grantors, grantees, and enslaved people. Clerks proved, acknowledged, and recorded deeds in the local court.","Locality History: Rockingham County was named for Charles Watson-Wentworth, second marquis of Rockingham, who supported the colonies during the years before and during the Revolutionary War. The county was formed from Augusta County in 1778. The county seat is the city of Harrisonburg.","Lost Locality History: Created in 1778. A courthouse fire in 1787 destroyed wills and estate records, primarily. In June 1864 during the Civil War, court records (mostly volumes) were removed from the courthouse and loaded on a wagon to be taken to place of safety on or beyond the Blue Ridge. The wagon was overtaken by Union troops near Port Republic and set on fire, which was put out by local citizens. Many order books, deed books, will books, and fiduciary books, however, were lost or severely damaged by the fire. The loose records that remained at the courthouse were undamaged. Pre-1865 records including deeds and wills were rerecorded following an act of assembly passed in November 1884."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920. [Site series, box, and or volume]. Local Government Records Collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"prefercite_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920. [Site series, box, and or volume]. Local Government Records Collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEncoded by G Crawford 10 July 2019 ; updated by M. Mason, June 2026\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Encoded by G Crawford 10 July 2019 ; updated by M. Mason, June 2026"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e See Also:  \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02127\"\u003eRockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Land Grants, 1758-1852 \u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSee also: \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi06664\"\u003eRockingham County (Va.)  Deeds of Emancipation \u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n","\u003cp\u003eRecords related to free and enslaved people of Rockingham County (Va.)  and other localities are available through the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/search?vid=01LVA_INST:VU\"\u003eVirginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection\u003c/extref\u003e on the Library of Virginia website.\u003c/p\u003e  \n","\u003cp\u003eAdditional Rockingham County (Va.) Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/\"\u003e \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \n      "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See Also:  Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Land Grants, 1758-1852","See also: Rockingham County (Va.)  Deeds of Emancipation","Records related to free and enslaved people of Rockingham County (Va.)  and other localities are available through the Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection on the Library of Virginia website.","Additional Rockingham County (Va.) Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\""],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, includes deeds of bargain and sale, deeds of gift, mortgages, bills of sale, and deeds of trust. Included are about twenty processed bills of sale and deeds, 1784-1842, involving free and enslaved Black and Multiracial individuals.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDeeds and Bills of Sale, 1784-1842, contain the name of the seller, the name of the purchaser, and the name of the enslaved person or persons being sold. Descriptions of persons being sold usually include age and family relationships among the persons being sold.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDeeds of bargain and sale are the most recorded deed in which one individual sells property, usually land, but occasionally personal property, to another individual. Such deeds show the names of the grantor and grantee, the residence of both parties, a description of what is being sold, the consideration (or price), the location of the tract of land, the tract's boundaries, and any limitations on the property being sold. The deed was signed by the grantor, and possibly his wife or anyone else having a claim to the property, and by at least two witnesses. Appended to the deed may be a memorandum of livery of seisin, stating that the property has changed hands and that peaceful possession has taken place.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDeeds of gift are often found transferring property, either real or personal including enslaved people, from one individual to another \"for love and affection.\" The degree of kinship, if any, between the grantor and grantee is sometimes stated. Information recorded included name(s) of the grantor(s), grantee(s), and enslaved people. Deeds of gift were proved and recorded in the local court.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMortgages and deeds of trust were deeds where one party is indebted to another and transfers or mortgages property to a third party to secure the debt.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBills of sale are written agreements which convey title of property, such as an enslaved person, from seller to buyer. Bills of sale record the name of the seller, the names of enslaved persons being sold and their price, and the name of the buyer. Given that they involved a property transaction, bills of sale were commonly recorded and filed with deeds in the local court.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe deed books record the name of the grantor and grantee, the county of residence of both individuals and a description of property being sold or transferred. All of the books have indexes.\n\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, includes deeds of bargain and sale, deeds of gift, mortgages, bills of sale, and deeds of trust. Included are about twenty processed bills of sale and deeds, 1784-1842, involving free and enslaved Black and Multiracial individuals.","Deeds and Bills of Sale, 1784-1842, contain the name of the seller, the name of the purchaser, and the name of the enslaved person or persons being sold. Descriptions of persons being sold usually include age and family relationships among the persons being sold.","Deeds of bargain and sale are the most recorded deed in which one individual sells property, usually land, but occasionally personal property, to another individual. Such deeds show the names of the grantor and grantee, the residence of both parties, a description of what is being sold, the consideration (or price), the location of the tract of land, the tract's boundaries, and any limitations on the property being sold. The deed was signed by the grantor, and possibly his wife or anyone else having a claim to the property, and by at least two witnesses. Appended to the deed may be a memorandum of livery of seisin, stating that the property has changed hands and that peaceful possession has taken place.","Deeds of gift are often found transferring property, either real or personal including enslaved people, from one individual to another \"for love and affection.\" The degree of kinship, if any, between the grantor and grantee is sometimes stated. Information recorded included name(s) of the grantor(s), grantee(s), and enslaved people. Deeds of gift were proved and recorded in the local court.","Mortgages and deeds of trust were deeds where one party is indebted to another and transfers or mortgages property to a third party to secure the debt.","Bills of sale are written agreements which convey title of property, such as an enslaved person, from seller to buyer. Bills of sale record the name of the seller, the names of enslaved persons being sold and their price, and the name of the buyer. Given that they involved a property transaction, bills of sale were commonly recorded and filed with deeds in the local court.","The deed books record the name of the grantor and grantee, the county of residence of both individuals and a description of property being sold or transferred. All of the books have indexes."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003e\n\u003c/abstract\u003e\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e\n"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":101,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:27:42.624Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05160_c02_c01_c08"}},{"id":"vi_vi05160_c02_c01_c09","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Barcode number 0007641933: Deeds\t\t1808-1809","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05160_c02_c01_c09#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vi_vi05160_c02_c01_c09","ref_ssm":["vi_vi05160_c02_c01_c09"],"id":"vi_vi05160_c02_c01_c09","ead_ssi":"vi_vi05160","_root_":"vi_vi05160","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi05160_c02_c01","parent_ssi":"vi_vi05160_c02_c01","parent_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920","Series II: Deeds and Records Related to \n\t1756-1920","Series II:Subseries A:: Deeds, 1756-1920"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vi_vi05160","vi_vi05160_c02","vi_vi05160_c02_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"Deeds\t\t1808-1809","title_ssm":["Barcode number 0007641933: Deeds\t\t1808-1809"],"title_tesim":["Barcode number 0007641933: Deeds\t\t1808-1809"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Barcode number 0007641933: Deeds\t\t1808-1809"],"text":["Barcode number 0007641933: Deeds\t\t1808-1809","Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920","Series II: Deeds and Records Related to \n\t1756-1920","Series II:Subseries A:: Deeds, 1756-1920"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920","Series II: Deeds and Records Related to \n\t1756-1920","Series II:Subseries A:: Deeds, 1756-1920"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920","Series II: Deeds and Records Related to \n\t1756-1920","Series II:Subseries A:: Deeds, 1756-1920"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":14,"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Rockingham County (Va.)identified Bills of Sale and Deeds, 1765-1864, involving enslaved and free Black and multiracial individuals are digitized and available through Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection  on the Library of Virginia website. Please use digital images.","Majority of Rockingham deed books 1778-1901 are available as microfilm at the Library of Virgina, consult Rockingham County Microfilm. Please use Microfilm copies."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#0/components#8","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:27:42.624Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi05160","ead_ssi":"vi_vi05160","_root_":"vi_vi05160","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi05160","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi05160.xml","title_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920"],"title_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920"],"text":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920",".","Rockingham County (Va.)identified Bills of Sale and Deeds, 1765-1864, involving enslaved and free Black and multiracial individuals are digitized and available through Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection  on the Library of Virginia website. Please use digital images.","Majority of Rockingham deed books 1778-1901 are available as microfilm at the Library of Virgina, consult Rockingham County Microfilm. Please use Microfilm copies.","This collection is arrangedSeries I: Deeds and bills of sale,1784-1842, involving free and enslaved people, arranged chronologically Series II: Deeds and records related to, 1756-1920 largely unprocessed but loosely arranged chronologically; Series II: Subseries A: Deeds, 1756-1920 Series II: Subseries B: Deed books, 1805-1863","Context for Record Type:","Bills of sale are written agreements which convey title of property, including enslaved people, from seller to buyer. Under the system of chattel slavery, laws permitted enslavers to treat enslaved people as personal possessions in the same manner as livestock, farm equipment, or household items. Enslaved people could be bought or sold without regard to their personal relationships or free will. Bills of sale record the name of the seller, the names of enslaved people being sold and their price, and the name of the buyer. Given that they involved a property transaction, bills of sale were commonly recorded and filed with deeds in the local court. However, there was no official requirement that the transfer of an enslaved person be recorded unless necessary for legal purposes such as a court case or an estate settlement. Enslaved people could also be transferred through a deed of gift, there was no money transaction involved in this case, which distinguishes this record from a bill of sale. Enslavers and their family members often transferred enslaved people between themselves in this manner.","Deeds are written agreements which convey title of property, such as an enslaved person, from one individual to another. These include the voluntary transfer of enslaved people between family members with no financial transaction involved. Deeds include the names of the grantors, grantees, and enslaved people. Clerks proved, acknowledged, and recorded deeds in the local court.","Locality History: Rockingham County was named for Charles Watson-Wentworth, second marquis of Rockingham, who supported the colonies during the years before and during the Revolutionary War. The county was formed from Augusta County in 1778. The county seat is the city of Harrisonburg.","Lost Locality History: Created in 1778. A courthouse fire in 1787 destroyed wills and estate records, primarily. In June 1864 during the Civil War, court records (mostly volumes) were removed from the courthouse and loaded on a wagon to be taken to place of safety on or beyond the Blue Ridge. The wagon was overtaken by Union troops near Port Republic and set on fire, which was put out by local citizens. Many order books, deed books, will books, and fiduciary books, however, were lost or severely damaged by the fire. The loose records that remained at the courthouse were undamaged. Pre-1865 records including deeds and wills were rerecorded following an act of assembly passed in November 1884.","Encoded by G Crawford 10 July 2019 ; updated by M. Mason, June 2026","See Also:  Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Land Grants, 1758-1852","See also: Rockingham County (Va.)  Deeds of Emancipation","Records related to free and enslaved people of Rockingham County (Va.)  and other localities are available through the Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection on the Library of Virginia website.","Additional Rockingham County (Va.) Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, includes deeds of bargain and sale, deeds of gift, mortgages, bills of sale, and deeds of trust. Included are about twenty processed bills of sale and deeds, 1784-1842, involving free and enslaved Black and Multiracial individuals.","Deeds and Bills of Sale, 1784-1842, contain the name of the seller, the name of the purchaser, and the name of the enslaved person or persons being sold. Descriptions of persons being sold usually include age and family relationships among the persons being sold.","Deeds of bargain and sale are the most recorded deed in which one individual sells property, usually land, but occasionally personal property, to another individual. Such deeds show the names of the grantor and grantee, the residence of both parties, a description of what is being sold, the consideration (or price), the location of the tract of land, the tract's boundaries, and any limitations on the property being sold. The deed was signed by the grantor, and possibly his wife or anyone else having a claim to the property, and by at least two witnesses. Appended to the deed may be a memorandum of livery of seisin, stating that the property has changed hands and that peaceful possession has taken place.","Deeds of gift are often found transferring property, either real or personal including enslaved people, from one individual to another \"for love and affection.\" The degree of kinship, if any, between the grantor and grantee is sometimes stated. Information recorded included name(s) of the grantor(s), grantee(s), and enslaved people. Deeds of gift were proved and recorded in the local court.","Mortgages and deeds of trust were deeds where one party is indebted to another and transfers or mortgages property to a third party to secure the debt.","Bills of sale are written agreements which convey title of property, such as an enslaved person, from seller to buyer. Bills of sale record the name of the seller, the names of enslaved persons being sold and their price, and the name of the buyer. Given that they involved a property transaction, bills of sale were commonly recorded and filed with deeds in the local court.","The deed books record the name of the grantor and grantee, the county of residence of both individuals and a description of property being sold or transferred. All of the books have indexes.","There are no restrictions.","Library of Virginia","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920"],"collection_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"creator_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Rockingham County under an undated accession 51717."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRockingham County (Va.)identified Bills of Sale and Deeds, 1765-1864, involving enslaved and free Black and multiracial individuals are digitized and available through \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/search?vid=01LVA_INST:VU\"\u003eVirginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection \u003c/extref\u003e on the Library of Virginia website. Please use digital images. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMajority of Rockingham deed books 1778-1901 are available as microfilm at the Library of Virgina, consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/ccmf/VA/VA251#LAN\"\u003eRockingham County Microfilm\u003c/extref\u003e. Please use Microfilm copies. \u003c/p\u003e\n"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.)identified Bills of Sale and Deeds, 1765-1864, involving enslaved and free Black and multiracial individuals are digitized and available through Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection  on the Library of Virginia website. Please use digital images.","Majority of Rockingham deed books 1778-1901 are available as microfilm at the Library of Virgina, consult Rockingham County Microfilm. Please use Microfilm copies."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries I: Deeds and bills of sale,1784-1842, involving free and enslaved people, arranged chronologically \u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries II: Deeds and records related to, 1756-1920 largely unprocessed but loosely arranged chronologically; \u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries II: Subseries A: Deeds, 1756-1920 \u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries II: Subseries B: Deed books, 1805-1863\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arrangedSeries I: Deeds and bills of sale,1784-1842, involving free and enslaved people, arranged chronologically Series II: Deeds and records related to, 1756-1920 largely unprocessed but loosely arranged chronologically; Series II: Subseries A: Deeds, 1756-1920 Series II: Subseries B: Deed books, 1805-1863"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Record Type:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBills of sale are written agreements which convey title of property, including enslaved people, from seller to buyer. Under the system of chattel slavery, laws permitted enslavers to treat enslaved people as personal possessions in the same manner as livestock, farm equipment, or household items. Enslaved people could be bought or sold without regard to their personal relationships or free will. Bills of sale record the name of the seller, the names of enslaved people being sold and their price, and the name of the buyer. Given that they involved a property transaction, bills of sale were commonly recorded and filed with deeds in the local court. However, there was no official requirement that the transfer of an enslaved person be recorded unless necessary for legal purposes such as a court case or an estate settlement. Enslaved people could also be transferred through a deed of gift, there was no money transaction involved in this case, which distinguishes this record from a bill of sale. Enslavers and their family members often transferred enslaved people between themselves in this manner.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDeeds are written agreements which convey title of property, such as an enslaved person, from one individual to another. These include the voluntary transfer of enslaved people between family members with no financial transaction involved. Deeds include the names of the grantors, grantees, and enslaved people. Clerks proved, acknowledged, and recorded deeds in the local court.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History: \u003c/emph\u003eRockingham County was named for Charles Watson-Wentworth, second marquis of Rockingham, who supported the colonies during the years before and during the Revolutionary War. The county was formed from Augusta County in 1778. The county seat is the city of Harrisonburg.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLost Locality History:\u003c/emph\u003e Created in 1778. A courthouse fire in 1787 destroyed wills and estate records, primarily. In June 1864 during the Civil War, court records (mostly volumes) were removed from the courthouse and loaded on a wagon to be taken to place of safety on or beyond the Blue Ridge. The wagon was overtaken by Union troops near Port Republic and set on fire, which was put out by local citizens. Many order books, deed books, will books, and fiduciary books, however, were lost or severely damaged by the fire. The loose records that remained at the courthouse were undamaged. Pre-1865 records including deeds and wills were rerecorded following an act of assembly passed in November 1884.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Record Type:","Bills of sale are written agreements which convey title of property, including enslaved people, from seller to buyer. Under the system of chattel slavery, laws permitted enslavers to treat enslaved people as personal possessions in the same manner as livestock, farm equipment, or household items. Enslaved people could be bought or sold without regard to their personal relationships or free will. Bills of sale record the name of the seller, the names of enslaved people being sold and their price, and the name of the buyer. Given that they involved a property transaction, bills of sale were commonly recorded and filed with deeds in the local court. However, there was no official requirement that the transfer of an enslaved person be recorded unless necessary for legal purposes such as a court case or an estate settlement. Enslaved people could also be transferred through a deed of gift, there was no money transaction involved in this case, which distinguishes this record from a bill of sale. Enslavers and their family members often transferred enslaved people between themselves in this manner.","Deeds are written agreements which convey title of property, such as an enslaved person, from one individual to another. These include the voluntary transfer of enslaved people between family members with no financial transaction involved. Deeds include the names of the grantors, grantees, and enslaved people. Clerks proved, acknowledged, and recorded deeds in the local court.","Locality History: Rockingham County was named for Charles Watson-Wentworth, second marquis of Rockingham, who supported the colonies during the years before and during the Revolutionary War. The county was formed from Augusta County in 1778. The county seat is the city of Harrisonburg.","Lost Locality History: Created in 1778. A courthouse fire in 1787 destroyed wills and estate records, primarily. In June 1864 during the Civil War, court records (mostly volumes) were removed from the courthouse and loaded on a wagon to be taken to place of safety on or beyond the Blue Ridge. The wagon was overtaken by Union troops near Port Republic and set on fire, which was put out by local citizens. Many order books, deed books, will books, and fiduciary books, however, were lost or severely damaged by the fire. The loose records that remained at the courthouse were undamaged. Pre-1865 records including deeds and wills were rerecorded following an act of assembly passed in November 1884."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920. [Site series, box, and or volume]. Local Government Records Collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"prefercite_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920. [Site series, box, and or volume]. Local Government Records Collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEncoded by G Crawford 10 July 2019 ; updated by M. Mason, June 2026\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Encoded by G Crawford 10 July 2019 ; updated by M. Mason, June 2026"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e See Also:  \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02127\"\u003eRockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Land Grants, 1758-1852 \u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSee also: \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi06664\"\u003eRockingham County (Va.)  Deeds of Emancipation \u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n","\u003cp\u003eRecords related to free and enslaved people of Rockingham County (Va.)  and other localities are available through the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/search?vid=01LVA_INST:VU\"\u003eVirginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection\u003c/extref\u003e on the Library of Virginia website.\u003c/p\u003e  \n","\u003cp\u003eAdditional Rockingham County (Va.) Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/\"\u003e \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \n      "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See Also:  Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Land Grants, 1758-1852","See also: Rockingham County (Va.)  Deeds of Emancipation","Records related to free and enslaved people of Rockingham County (Va.)  and other localities are available through the Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection on the Library of Virginia website.","Additional Rockingham County (Va.) Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\""],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, includes deeds of bargain and sale, deeds of gift, mortgages, bills of sale, and deeds of trust. Included are about twenty processed bills of sale and deeds, 1784-1842, involving free and enslaved Black and Multiracial individuals.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDeeds and Bills of Sale, 1784-1842, contain the name of the seller, the name of the purchaser, and the name of the enslaved person or persons being sold. Descriptions of persons being sold usually include age and family relationships among the persons being sold.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDeeds of bargain and sale are the most recorded deed in which one individual sells property, usually land, but occasionally personal property, to another individual. Such deeds show the names of the grantor and grantee, the residence of both parties, a description of what is being sold, the consideration (or price), the location of the tract of land, the tract's boundaries, and any limitations on the property being sold. The deed was signed by the grantor, and possibly his wife or anyone else having a claim to the property, and by at least two witnesses. Appended to the deed may be a memorandum of livery of seisin, stating that the property has changed hands and that peaceful possession has taken place.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDeeds of gift are often found transferring property, either real or personal including enslaved people, from one individual to another \"for love and affection.\" The degree of kinship, if any, between the grantor and grantee is sometimes stated. Information recorded included name(s) of the grantor(s), grantee(s), and enslaved people. Deeds of gift were proved and recorded in the local court.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMortgages and deeds of trust were deeds where one party is indebted to another and transfers or mortgages property to a third party to secure the debt.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBills of sale are written agreements which convey title of property, such as an enslaved person, from seller to buyer. Bills of sale record the name of the seller, the names of enslaved persons being sold and their price, and the name of the buyer. Given that they involved a property transaction, bills of sale were commonly recorded and filed with deeds in the local court.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe deed books record the name of the grantor and grantee, the county of residence of both individuals and a description of property being sold or transferred. All of the books have indexes.\n\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, includes deeds of bargain and sale, deeds of gift, mortgages, bills of sale, and deeds of trust. Included are about twenty processed bills of sale and deeds, 1784-1842, involving free and enslaved Black and Multiracial individuals.","Deeds and Bills of Sale, 1784-1842, contain the name of the seller, the name of the purchaser, and the name of the enslaved person or persons being sold. Descriptions of persons being sold usually include age and family relationships among the persons being sold.","Deeds of bargain and sale are the most recorded deed in which one individual sells property, usually land, but occasionally personal property, to another individual. Such deeds show the names of the grantor and grantee, the residence of both parties, a description of what is being sold, the consideration (or price), the location of the tract of land, the tract's boundaries, and any limitations on the property being sold. The deed was signed by the grantor, and possibly his wife or anyone else having a claim to the property, and by at least two witnesses. Appended to the deed may be a memorandum of livery of seisin, stating that the property has changed hands and that peaceful possession has taken place.","Deeds of gift are often found transferring property, either real or personal including enslaved people, from one individual to another \"for love and affection.\" The degree of kinship, if any, between the grantor and grantee is sometimes stated. Information recorded included name(s) of the grantor(s), grantee(s), and enslaved people. Deeds of gift were proved and recorded in the local court.","Mortgages and deeds of trust were deeds where one party is indebted to another and transfers or mortgages property to a third party to secure the debt.","Bills of sale are written agreements which convey title of property, such as an enslaved person, from seller to buyer. Bills of sale record the name of the seller, the names of enslaved persons being sold and their price, and the name of the buyer. Given that they involved a property transaction, bills of sale were commonly recorded and filed with deeds in the local court.","The deed books record the name of the grantor and grantee, the county of residence of both individuals and a description of property being sold or transferred. All of the books have indexes."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003e\n\u003c/abstract\u003e\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e\n"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":101,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:27:42.624Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05160_c02_c01_c09"}},{"id":"vi_vi05160_c02_c01_c10","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Barcode number 0007641934: Deeds\t\t1810-1811","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05160_c02_c01_c10#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vi_vi05160_c02_c01_c10","ref_ssm":["vi_vi05160_c02_c01_c10"],"id":"vi_vi05160_c02_c01_c10","ead_ssi":"vi_vi05160","_root_":"vi_vi05160","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi05160_c02_c01","parent_ssi":"vi_vi05160_c02_c01","parent_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920","Series II: Deeds and Records Related to \n\t1756-1920","Series II:Subseries A:: Deeds, 1756-1920"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vi_vi05160","vi_vi05160_c02","vi_vi05160_c02_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"Deeds\t\t1810-1811","title_ssm":["Barcode number 0007641934: Deeds\t\t1810-1811"],"title_tesim":["Barcode number 0007641934: Deeds\t\t1810-1811"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Barcode number 0007641934: Deeds\t\t1810-1811"],"text":["Barcode number 0007641934: Deeds\t\t1810-1811","Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920","Series II: Deeds and Records Related to \n\t1756-1920","Series II:Subseries A:: Deeds, 1756-1920"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920","Series II: Deeds and Records Related to \n\t1756-1920","Series II:Subseries A:: Deeds, 1756-1920"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920","Series II: Deeds and Records Related to \n\t1756-1920","Series II:Subseries A:: Deeds, 1756-1920"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":15,"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Rockingham County (Va.)identified Bills of Sale and Deeds, 1765-1864, involving enslaved and free Black and multiracial individuals are digitized and available through Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection  on the Library of Virginia website. Please use digital images.","Majority of Rockingham deed books 1778-1901 are available as microfilm at the Library of Virgina, consult Rockingham County Microfilm. Please use Microfilm copies."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#0/components#9","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:27:42.624Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi05160","ead_ssi":"vi_vi05160","_root_":"vi_vi05160","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi05160","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi05160.xml","title_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920"],"title_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920"],"text":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920",".","Rockingham County (Va.)identified Bills of Sale and Deeds, 1765-1864, involving enslaved and free Black and multiracial individuals are digitized and available through Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection  on the Library of Virginia website. Please use digital images.","Majority of Rockingham deed books 1778-1901 are available as microfilm at the Library of Virgina, consult Rockingham County Microfilm. Please use Microfilm copies.","This collection is arrangedSeries I: Deeds and bills of sale,1784-1842, involving free and enslaved people, arranged chronologically Series II: Deeds and records related to, 1756-1920 largely unprocessed but loosely arranged chronologically; Series II: Subseries A: Deeds, 1756-1920 Series II: Subseries B: Deed books, 1805-1863","Context for Record Type:","Bills of sale are written agreements which convey title of property, including enslaved people, from seller to buyer. Under the system of chattel slavery, laws permitted enslavers to treat enslaved people as personal possessions in the same manner as livestock, farm equipment, or household items. Enslaved people could be bought or sold without regard to their personal relationships or free will. Bills of sale record the name of the seller, the names of enslaved people being sold and their price, and the name of the buyer. Given that they involved a property transaction, bills of sale were commonly recorded and filed with deeds in the local court. However, there was no official requirement that the transfer of an enslaved person be recorded unless necessary for legal purposes such as a court case or an estate settlement. Enslaved people could also be transferred through a deed of gift, there was no money transaction involved in this case, which distinguishes this record from a bill of sale. Enslavers and their family members often transferred enslaved people between themselves in this manner.","Deeds are written agreements which convey title of property, such as an enslaved person, from one individual to another. These include the voluntary transfer of enslaved people between family members with no financial transaction involved. Deeds include the names of the grantors, grantees, and enslaved people. Clerks proved, acknowledged, and recorded deeds in the local court.","Locality History: Rockingham County was named for Charles Watson-Wentworth, second marquis of Rockingham, who supported the colonies during the years before and during the Revolutionary War. The county was formed from Augusta County in 1778. The county seat is the city of Harrisonburg.","Lost Locality History: Created in 1778. A courthouse fire in 1787 destroyed wills and estate records, primarily. In June 1864 during the Civil War, court records (mostly volumes) were removed from the courthouse and loaded on a wagon to be taken to place of safety on or beyond the Blue Ridge. The wagon was overtaken by Union troops near Port Republic and set on fire, which was put out by local citizens. Many order books, deed books, will books, and fiduciary books, however, were lost or severely damaged by the fire. The loose records that remained at the courthouse were undamaged. Pre-1865 records including deeds and wills were rerecorded following an act of assembly passed in November 1884.","Encoded by G Crawford 10 July 2019 ; updated by M. Mason, June 2026","See Also:  Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Land Grants, 1758-1852","See also: Rockingham County (Va.)  Deeds of Emancipation","Records related to free and enslaved people of Rockingham County (Va.)  and other localities are available through the Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection on the Library of Virginia website.","Additional Rockingham County (Va.) Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, includes deeds of bargain and sale, deeds of gift, mortgages, bills of sale, and deeds of trust. Included are about twenty processed bills of sale and deeds, 1784-1842, involving free and enslaved Black and Multiracial individuals.","Deeds and Bills of Sale, 1784-1842, contain the name of the seller, the name of the purchaser, and the name of the enslaved person or persons being sold. Descriptions of persons being sold usually include age and family relationships among the persons being sold.","Deeds of bargain and sale are the most recorded deed in which one individual sells property, usually land, but occasionally personal property, to another individual. Such deeds show the names of the grantor and grantee, the residence of both parties, a description of what is being sold, the consideration (or price), the location of the tract of land, the tract's boundaries, and any limitations on the property being sold. The deed was signed by the grantor, and possibly his wife or anyone else having a claim to the property, and by at least two witnesses. Appended to the deed may be a memorandum of livery of seisin, stating that the property has changed hands and that peaceful possession has taken place.","Deeds of gift are often found transferring property, either real or personal including enslaved people, from one individual to another \"for love and affection.\" The degree of kinship, if any, between the grantor and grantee is sometimes stated. Information recorded included name(s) of the grantor(s), grantee(s), and enslaved people. Deeds of gift were proved and recorded in the local court.","Mortgages and deeds of trust were deeds where one party is indebted to another and transfers or mortgages property to a third party to secure the debt.","Bills of sale are written agreements which convey title of property, such as an enslaved person, from seller to buyer. Bills of sale record the name of the seller, the names of enslaved persons being sold and their price, and the name of the buyer. Given that they involved a property transaction, bills of sale were commonly recorded and filed with deeds in the local court.","The deed books record the name of the grantor and grantee, the county of residence of both individuals and a description of property being sold or transferred. All of the books have indexes.","There are no restrictions.","Library of Virginia","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920"],"collection_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"creator_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Rockingham County under an undated accession 51717."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRockingham County (Va.)identified Bills of Sale and Deeds, 1765-1864, involving enslaved and free Black and multiracial individuals are digitized and available through \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/search?vid=01LVA_INST:VU\"\u003eVirginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection \u003c/extref\u003e on the Library of Virginia website. Please use digital images. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMajority of Rockingham deed books 1778-1901 are available as microfilm at the Library of Virgina, consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/ccmf/VA/VA251#LAN\"\u003eRockingham County Microfilm\u003c/extref\u003e. Please use Microfilm copies. \u003c/p\u003e\n"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.)identified Bills of Sale and Deeds, 1765-1864, involving enslaved and free Black and multiracial individuals are digitized and available through Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection  on the Library of Virginia website. Please use digital images.","Majority of Rockingham deed books 1778-1901 are available as microfilm at the Library of Virgina, consult Rockingham County Microfilm. Please use Microfilm copies."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries I: Deeds and bills of sale,1784-1842, involving free and enslaved people, arranged chronologically \u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries II: Deeds and records related to, 1756-1920 largely unprocessed but loosely arranged chronologically; \u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries II: Subseries A: Deeds, 1756-1920 \u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries II: Subseries B: Deed books, 1805-1863\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arrangedSeries I: Deeds and bills of sale,1784-1842, involving free and enslaved people, arranged chronologically Series II: Deeds and records related to, 1756-1920 largely unprocessed but loosely arranged chronologically; Series II: Subseries A: Deeds, 1756-1920 Series II: Subseries B: Deed books, 1805-1863"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Record Type:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBills of sale are written agreements which convey title of property, including enslaved people, from seller to buyer. Under the system of chattel slavery, laws permitted enslavers to treat enslaved people as personal possessions in the same manner as livestock, farm equipment, or household items. Enslaved people could be bought or sold without regard to their personal relationships or free will. Bills of sale record the name of the seller, the names of enslaved people being sold and their price, and the name of the buyer. Given that they involved a property transaction, bills of sale were commonly recorded and filed with deeds in the local court. However, there was no official requirement that the transfer of an enslaved person be recorded unless necessary for legal purposes such as a court case or an estate settlement. Enslaved people could also be transferred through a deed of gift, there was no money transaction involved in this case, which distinguishes this record from a bill of sale. Enslavers and their family members often transferred enslaved people between themselves in this manner.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDeeds are written agreements which convey title of property, such as an enslaved person, from one individual to another. These include the voluntary transfer of enslaved people between family members with no financial transaction involved. Deeds include the names of the grantors, grantees, and enslaved people. Clerks proved, acknowledged, and recorded deeds in the local court.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History: \u003c/emph\u003eRockingham County was named for Charles Watson-Wentworth, second marquis of Rockingham, who supported the colonies during the years before and during the Revolutionary War. The county was formed from Augusta County in 1778. The county seat is the city of Harrisonburg.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLost Locality History:\u003c/emph\u003e Created in 1778. A courthouse fire in 1787 destroyed wills and estate records, primarily. In June 1864 during the Civil War, court records (mostly volumes) were removed from the courthouse and loaded on a wagon to be taken to place of safety on or beyond the Blue Ridge. The wagon was overtaken by Union troops near Port Republic and set on fire, which was put out by local citizens. Many order books, deed books, will books, and fiduciary books, however, were lost or severely damaged by the fire. The loose records that remained at the courthouse were undamaged. Pre-1865 records including deeds and wills were rerecorded following an act of assembly passed in November 1884.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Record Type:","Bills of sale are written agreements which convey title of property, including enslaved people, from seller to buyer. Under the system of chattel slavery, laws permitted enslavers to treat enslaved people as personal possessions in the same manner as livestock, farm equipment, or household items. Enslaved people could be bought or sold without regard to their personal relationships or free will. Bills of sale record the name of the seller, the names of enslaved people being sold and their price, and the name of the buyer. Given that they involved a property transaction, bills of sale were commonly recorded and filed with deeds in the local court. However, there was no official requirement that the transfer of an enslaved person be recorded unless necessary for legal purposes such as a court case or an estate settlement. Enslaved people could also be transferred through a deed of gift, there was no money transaction involved in this case, which distinguishes this record from a bill of sale. Enslavers and their family members often transferred enslaved people between themselves in this manner.","Deeds are written agreements which convey title of property, such as an enslaved person, from one individual to another. These include the voluntary transfer of enslaved people between family members with no financial transaction involved. Deeds include the names of the grantors, grantees, and enslaved people. Clerks proved, acknowledged, and recorded deeds in the local court.","Locality History: Rockingham County was named for Charles Watson-Wentworth, second marquis of Rockingham, who supported the colonies during the years before and during the Revolutionary War. The county was formed from Augusta County in 1778. The county seat is the city of Harrisonburg.","Lost Locality History: Created in 1778. A courthouse fire in 1787 destroyed wills and estate records, primarily. In June 1864 during the Civil War, court records (mostly volumes) were removed from the courthouse and loaded on a wagon to be taken to place of safety on or beyond the Blue Ridge. The wagon was overtaken by Union troops near Port Republic and set on fire, which was put out by local citizens. Many order books, deed books, will books, and fiduciary books, however, were lost or severely damaged by the fire. The loose records that remained at the courthouse were undamaged. Pre-1865 records including deeds and wills were rerecorded following an act of assembly passed in November 1884."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920. [Site series, box, and or volume]. Local Government Records Collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"prefercite_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920. [Site series, box, and or volume]. Local Government Records Collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEncoded by G Crawford 10 July 2019 ; updated by M. Mason, June 2026\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Encoded by G Crawford 10 July 2019 ; updated by M. Mason, June 2026"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e See Also:  \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02127\"\u003eRockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Land Grants, 1758-1852 \u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSee also: \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi06664\"\u003eRockingham County (Va.)  Deeds of Emancipation \u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\n","\u003cp\u003eRecords related to free and enslaved people of Rockingham County (Va.)  and other localities are available through the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/search?vid=01LVA_INST:VU\"\u003eVirginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection\u003c/extref\u003e on the Library of Virginia website.\u003c/p\u003e  \n","\u003cp\u003eAdditional Rockingham County (Va.) Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/\"\u003e \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \n      "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See Also:  Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Land Grants, 1758-1852","See also: Rockingham County (Va.)  Deeds of Emancipation","Records related to free and enslaved people of Rockingham County (Va.)  and other localities are available through the Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection on the Library of Virginia website.","Additional Rockingham County (Va.) Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\""],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, includes deeds of bargain and sale, deeds of gift, mortgages, bills of sale, and deeds of trust. Included are about twenty processed bills of sale and deeds, 1784-1842, involving free and enslaved Black and Multiracial individuals.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDeeds and Bills of Sale, 1784-1842, contain the name of the seller, the name of the purchaser, and the name of the enslaved person or persons being sold. Descriptions of persons being sold usually include age and family relationships among the persons being sold.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDeeds of bargain and sale are the most recorded deed in which one individual sells property, usually land, but occasionally personal property, to another individual. Such deeds show the names of the grantor and grantee, the residence of both parties, a description of what is being sold, the consideration (or price), the location of the tract of land, the tract's boundaries, and any limitations on the property being sold. The deed was signed by the grantor, and possibly his wife or anyone else having a claim to the property, and by at least two witnesses. Appended to the deed may be a memorandum of livery of seisin, stating that the property has changed hands and that peaceful possession has taken place.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDeeds of gift are often found transferring property, either real or personal including enslaved people, from one individual to another \"for love and affection.\" The degree of kinship, if any, between the grantor and grantee is sometimes stated. Information recorded included name(s) of the grantor(s), grantee(s), and enslaved people. Deeds of gift were proved and recorded in the local court.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMortgages and deeds of trust were deeds where one party is indebted to another and transfers or mortgages property to a third party to secure the debt.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBills of sale are written agreements which convey title of property, such as an enslaved person, from seller to buyer. Bills of sale record the name of the seller, the names of enslaved persons being sold and their price, and the name of the buyer. Given that they involved a property transaction, bills of sale were commonly recorded and filed with deeds in the local court.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe deed books record the name of the grantor and grantee, the county of residence of both individuals and a description of property being sold or transferred. All of the books have indexes.\n\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, includes deeds of bargain and sale, deeds of gift, mortgages, bills of sale, and deeds of trust. Included are about twenty processed bills of sale and deeds, 1784-1842, involving free and enslaved Black and Multiracial individuals.","Deeds and Bills of Sale, 1784-1842, contain the name of the seller, the name of the purchaser, and the name of the enslaved person or persons being sold. Descriptions of persons being sold usually include age and family relationships among the persons being sold.","Deeds of bargain and sale are the most recorded deed in which one individual sells property, usually land, but occasionally personal property, to another individual. Such deeds show the names of the grantor and grantee, the residence of both parties, a description of what is being sold, the consideration (or price), the location of the tract of land, the tract's boundaries, and any limitations on the property being sold. The deed was signed by the grantor, and possibly his wife or anyone else having a claim to the property, and by at least two witnesses. Appended to the deed may be a memorandum of livery of seisin, stating that the property has changed hands and that peaceful possession has taken place.","Deeds of gift are often found transferring property, either real or personal including enslaved people, from one individual to another \"for love and affection.\" The degree of kinship, if any, between the grantor and grantee is sometimes stated. Information recorded included name(s) of the grantor(s), grantee(s), and enslaved people. Deeds of gift were proved and recorded in the local court.","Mortgages and deeds of trust were deeds where one party is indebted to another and transfers or mortgages property to a third party to secure the debt.","Bills of sale are written agreements which convey title of property, such as an enslaved person, from seller to buyer. Bills of sale record the name of the seller, the names of enslaved persons being sold and their price, and the name of the buyer. Given that they involved a property transaction, bills of sale were commonly recorded and filed with deeds in the local court.","The deed books record the name of the grantor and grantee, the county of residence of both individuals and a description of property being sold or transferred. All of the books have indexes."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003e\n\u003c/abstract\u003e\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e\n"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":101,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:27:42.624Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05160_c02_c01_c10"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Library of Virginia","value":"Library of Virginia","hits":102},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Rockingham+County+%28Va.%29+Deeds+and+Related+Records%2C+1756-1920\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=compact"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Rockingham+County+%28Va.%29+Deeds+and+Related+Records%2C+1756-1920\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920","value":"Rockingham County (Va.) Deeds and Related Records, 1756-1920","hits":102},"links":{"remove":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Rockingham+County+%28Va.%29+Deeds+and+Related+Records%2C+1756-1920\u0026view=compact"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/collection_ssim.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Rockingham+County+%28Va.%29+Deeds+and+Related+Records%2C+1756-1920\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"facet","id":"creator_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Creator","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Rockingham County (Va.) Circuit Court","value":"Rockingham County (Va.) Circuit Court","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Rockingham+County+%28Va.%29+Deeds+and+Related+Records%2C+1756-1920\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Rockingham+County+%28Va.%29+Circuit+Court\u0026view=compact"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/creator_ssim.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Rockingham+County+%28Va.%29+Deeds+and+Related+Records%2C+1756-1920\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"facet","id":"level_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Level","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Collection","value":"Collection","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Rockingham+County+%28Va.%29+Deeds+and+Related+Records%2C+1756-1920\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Item","value":"Item","hits":97},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Rockingham+County+%28Va.%29+Deeds+and+Related+Records%2C+1756-1920\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Item\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Series","value":"Series","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Rockingham+County+%28Va.%29+Deeds+and+Related+Records%2C+1756-1920\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Series\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Sub-series","value":"Sub-series","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Rockingham+County+%28Va.%29+Deeds+and+Related+Records%2C+1756-1920\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Sub-series\u0026view=compact"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/level_ssim.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Rockingham+County+%28Va.%29+Deeds+and+Related+Records%2C+1756-1920\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"all_fields","attributes":{"label":"All Fields"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Rockingham+County+%28Va.%29+Deeds+and+Related+Records%2C+1756-1920\u0026search_field=all_fields\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"keyword","attributes":{"label":"Keyword"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Rockingham+County+%28Va.%29+Deeds+and+Related+Records%2C+1756-1920\u0026search_field=keyword\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"name","attributes":{"label":"Name"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Rockingham+County+%28Va.%29+Deeds+and+Related+Records%2C+1756-1920\u0026search_field=name\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"place","attributes":{"label":"Place"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Rockingham+County+%28Va.%29+Deeds+and+Related+Records%2C+1756-1920\u0026search_field=place\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"subject","attributes":{"label":"Subject"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Rockingham+County+%28Va.%29+Deeds+and+Related+Records%2C+1756-1920\u0026search_field=subject\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"title","attributes":{"label":"Title"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Rockingham+County+%28Va.%29+Deeds+and+Related+Records%2C+1756-1920\u0026search_field=title\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"container","attributes":{"label":"Container"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Rockingham+County+%28Va.%29+Deeds+and+Related+Records%2C+1756-1920\u0026search_field=container\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"identifier","attributes":{"label":"Identifier"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Rockingham+County+%28Va.%29+Deeds+and+Related+Records%2C+1756-1920\u0026search_field=identifier\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"sort","id":"score desc, title_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"relevance"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Rockingham+County+%28Va.%29+Deeds+and+Related+Records%2C+1756-1920\u0026sort=score+desc%2C+title_sort+asc\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"sort","id":"date_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"date (ascending)"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Rockingham+County+%28Va.%29+Deeds+and+Related+Records%2C+1756-1920\u0026sort=date_sort+asc\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"sort","id":"date_sort desc","attributes":{"label":"date (descending)"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Rockingham+County+%28Va.%29+Deeds+and+Related+Records%2C+1756-1920\u0026sort=date_sort+desc\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"sort","id":"creator_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"creator (A-Z)"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Rockingham+County+%28Va.%29+Deeds+and+Related+Records%2C+1756-1920\u0026sort=creator_sort+asc\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"sort","id":"creator_sort desc","attributes":{"label":"creator (Z-A)"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Rockingham+County+%28Va.%29+Deeds+and+Related+Records%2C+1756-1920\u0026sort=creator_sort+desc\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"sort","id":"title_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"title (A-Z)"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Rockingham+County+%28Va.%29+Deeds+and+Related+Records%2C+1756-1920\u0026sort=title_sort+asc\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"sort","id":"title_sort desc","attributes":{"label":"title (Z-A)"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Rockingham+County+%28Va.%29+Deeds+and+Related+Records%2C+1756-1920\u0026sort=title_sort+desc\u0026view=compact"}}]}