{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Matthew+Fontaine+Maury+papers%2C+1833%2F1873\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Military+Institute+Archives","next":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Matthew+Fontaine+Maury+papers%2C+1833%2F1873\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Military+Institute+Archives\u0026page=2","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Matthew+Fontaine+Maury+papers%2C+1833%2F1873\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Military+Institute+Archives\u0026page=15"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":2,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":15,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":150,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_593_c01_c69","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Addendum to empirial decree, 1865","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_593_c01_c69#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eCopy of an addendum to emperial decree, in which Matthew Fontaine Maury outlines the climate, economy and other features of Mexico for the information of prospective immigrants.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_593_c01_c69#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_593_c01_c69","ref_ssm":["vilxv_repositories_3_resources_593_c01_c69"],"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_593_c01_c69","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_593","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_593","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_593_c01","parent_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_593_c01","parent_ssim":["Matthew Fontaine Maury papers, 1833/1873","Correspondence, family, 1840/1872"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vilxv_repositories_3_resources_593","vilxv_repositories_3_resources_593_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"Addendum to empirial decree","title_ssm":["Addendum to empirial decree"],"title_tesim":["Addendum to empirial decree"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Addendum to empirial decree, 1865"],"text":["Addendum to empirial decree, 1865","Matthew Fontaine Maury papers, 1833/1873","Correspondence, family, 1840/1872","Mexico—History","Correspondence","English.","The following Regulations and Instructions have also been approved by His Majesty the Emperor. [signed by M.F. Maury]\nSeptember 11th 1865.","1. The lands offered for Colonization are divided into three classes:","2. 1st those that are of the public domain and have never been reduced to\ncultivation:","3. 2nd Those that have been more or less improved as Haciendas, the right to\ndispose of which, the Government has acquired, either by purchase or otherwise:-","4. 3rd Private lands and Haciendas, the proprietors of which are disposed to offer them to immigrants on liberal terms for colonization. Many Haciendas that are, or have been, under cultivation, may be bought on easy terms, for less that $1 per acre.","5. These private Haciendas or plantations, sometimes embrace several hundred\nsquare miles; those of the smaller sizes often afford lands and room for a settlement of a dozen or more families.","6. Immigrants are advised to establish themselves, at first, in settlements or communities, as will for mutual protection and assistance, as for the benefit of churches and schools, and the convenience of mills, blacksmith shops, etc. etc.","7. It is the policy of the Government to encourage settlement upon private, as will as upon public lands; and the same rights, privileges and exemptions are offered to immigrants who may settle on the former, as are granted to those who settle upon the latter.","8. Lands of Class 1. are offered in alternate sections, as donations to actual settlers, and in quantities varying from 160 acres for single men, to 640 for the heads of families according to circumstances, to be explained presently.","Immigration\n9. The Government not only invites all well disposed persons to come and assist in the occupation of its vacant places; but His Majesty, the Emperor, touched by the spectacle of good men struggling with adversity in other lands, tenders hospitality and homes especially to these. Moved by the generous impulses of his nature, he offers them material assistance, to enable them to reach this bountiful and beautiful land. To those of them who wish to change their skies, make Mexico their homes, and identify themselves with the country, a free passage for their families and their effects by\nsea, is offered.","10. Immigrants are therefore divided into two classes: A. \u0026 B. - The former being of those first alluded to, who. by misfortune, have last all their substance; and the latter, those who are less straightened in their means.","11. Not only a free passage by sea is offered to Class A., but when they arrive in the country, a travelling allowance of a Real the league, there to their new homes, will be made for each member of their families, counting as members also, their apprentices.","12. Lands of Class 1. will be donated to these immigrants by alternate sections, viz: 160 acres to a single man, and 320 to a man with a family, with a pre-emption right to as much more in each case.","13. Immigrants of Class A. who, after arriving in the country, may prefer to settle upon Haciendas or other lands are a liberty to do so; but in that case, they will be required to refund, with interest, the money that may have been advanced in assisting them to reach their new domiciles.","14. Immigrants of Class B., who are those that can afford to pay their own\nexpenses, have the whole country before them. They may establish themselves\nwherever they can find suitable and available lands. If they prefer the unimproved lands of the public domain, they also can have them free in alternate sections, but only for actual settlement, at the rate of 320 acres for a single man, and 640 to a man with a family, with a pre-exemption right to as much more in each case.","15. These donations of land to persons whether of Class A. or B., are made on condition, and with the understanding, that the donee shall, in good faith, proceed forthwith to occupy, subdue and cultivate the land so donated.","16. The lands of the public Haciendas will be offered at government prices, and pro - rata, according to the actual cost of purchase by the Government.","17. As it regards private lands and Haciendas, the field of selections is much larger, Immigrants are free to make their own bargains with proprietors, the Government waiving its fees on such transactions, as per Art. of the Decree.","18 As it regards the public Haciendas, a reservation of improved lands will be made from each, to serve; during the first years, as a common for the free use of the colonists. The size of the Common will be determined by the number of families the lands of the Hacienda may be sufficient to accommodate. It will be large enough to give them breadstuffs and vegetables at once, and until they can bring their own lands into cultivation. It will be large enough also to afford space for a village in case the immigrants\nshould find it desirable, as probably at first they will, to establish themselves in villages. No rent will be charged for the first years for the use of this Common.","19. This Reserve or Common is ultimately intended for educational purposes;\nand, after the first years, a ground rent of ten per cent upon the value of the land, but not upon the improvements, will be required.","Agencies\n20. Agents for immigrations will be stationed at convenient points abroad, for the purpose of affording information to the immigrant there, as to this country, its lands, the best way of reaching them, and upon all other subjects pertaining thereto.","21. Persons wishing to emigrate, will first apply to the most convenient agent, The applicant must state his occupation: whether agricultural, mercantile, mechanical or professional. He must also give his age, with the name, sex and age of each member of his family, including apprentices. If he requires assistance for the journey, he must state his circumstances, and give satisfactory references as to his character and standing in the community.","Permits\n22. The permit of the Immigration Agent is necessary to entitle the immigrant to the privileges of the decree. Unless he brings with him such a permit into the country, he will neither be entitled to lands, to free entry at the customs-house, nor to any other privileges beyond those accorded to mere strangers.","Effects.\n23. Immigrants with such permits may bring in, duty free, all their personal and household effects; their live stock, their implements of husbandry, tools and instruments of all sorts, used by them in the pursuit of their trade, art, profession or calling. But they may not bring, without the payment of duty, any merchandize or thing for sale, exchange or barter.","24. Before embarking, if coming by sea, or leaving home, if coming by land, the immigrant should furnish the agent for Immigration a complete list of persons and effects thaty of Mexico, will be completed. A charter for another rail-way, from the Capital to the Pacific Ocean, has been granted to responsible parties.","25. Immigrants arriving in port, or crossing the line will find an agent there, whose duty it is to give them such assistance, and afford them such further information as they may require to speed them on their way.","Apprentices\n26. The agents for immigration will give no permits for Apprentices: unless the indentures shall conform to the terms of the decree, and be otherwise not inconsistent with the laws of the Empire; unless the indenture be attested by three respectable witnesses, certifying that the Apprentice was free, and that he, his parent or guardian, as the case may be, entered into the contract for apprenticeship, freely, and without threat, fear or intimidation; and unless the agent himself shall be satisfied that the \"patron\" is a humane man and a proper person, made so by his habit and education, for the care of such Apprentices.","27. In all cases, the \"patron\" must furnish a descriptive list of his Apprentices, taking the time and terms of their indentures, with their names, sexes, and ages. He must exhibit to the agent, the indentures in duplicate, or in duly certified copies, one of which the agent shall deliver to the Apprentice, and retaining another, shall return the third to the patron.","[verso] Regulations \u0026 Instructions to be published with the Decree.\nIn connection with the foregoing, I beg leave to add, for the information of those who are displaced to avail themselves of the very liberal terms offered by this Decree, a few remarks on the physical geography, the agricultural resources and industrious pursuits of this beautiful country:","The Empire of Mexico lies between the parallels of 15° and 32° of the North latitude.","The shores are bathed by the waters of the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea on one hand, and by those of the Pacific on the other.","It is celebrated for its mines of silver and gold; copper, iron and lead also abound; but though its mineral wealth has dazzled the world, its mineral wealth is, as a source of riches, by no means equal to its soil.","Its climates are genial and its harvest perpetual; under good husbandry, the yield is bountiful, being 50, 100, and sometimes 200 fold. On the way up from Vera Cruz to the Capital in May, I saw the cereals in all the ways of cultivation between the hands of the sower and the arms of the reaper.","The seasons in Mexico are not marked by the vicissitudes of heat and cold so distinctly as they are by their characteristics of wet and dry. The coolest time of the year in this City is about the end of the dry season in April and May. The rainy season throughout the country commences generally with June and ends with September; still, there are occasional showers both before and after.","In the tierra caliente- the rainy season is the sickly season.","Between the mountains and the sea there is, on both coasts, a flat country, varying in breadth from 10 to 60 miles or more. These lowlands reach back to the mountains which form the edge of the Table-land or great central plateau. This low country corresponds to that which, in Virginia and the Carolinas, lies between the Blue Ridge and the sea. It is the hot country of Mexico, the tierra caliente. Everything which delights in rich soils, bright\nskies, warmth and moisture, finds a genial habitat there.","Ascending the mountains, which are timbered all the way up, you reach the table-land, an immense plain from five to eight thousand feet above the level of the sea, and hundreds of mils in breadth. In length, it is commensurate with the Empire; and in the lap of its western declivities, lies the tierra caliente of the Pacific coast. This table-land is the tierra\ntemplada, or the temperate regions of the Empire. Its climates are delightful: a happy mean between hot and cold, where cloth clothes are not uncomfortable by day, nor a blanket or two too heavy by night. Nevertheless, fire is never to be required, even in the coldest weather, for the houses generally are built without chimneys or fireplaces. It is very healthy.","The surface of this table-land is diversified with hills and dales, with an occasional snow clad peak; so that one, by descending into the valleys, may find, at the difference in level of a few hundred yards, and in the distances of a few miles, the productions and staples of all climates and latitudes, from those of Virginia and Missouri down to the shore of the\nGulf of Mexico, and there through the West Indies to the Equator or Brazil.\nEmigrants for Mexico, come at what season they may, will always be in time to plant something; but the best season for crop planting is generally in the spring, and the best time for coming is in the dry season, from October to May, when the newcomer may live in tents, put his seed into the ground and till June to build and get his family comfortably housed, by the time the rains set in.","The staples of agriculture in Mexico are like its climates: according to height above the sea level, somewhat controlled also by latitude. They are: corn, wheat, barley and oats; cotton, sugar and coffee; hemp, rice, tobacco, cocoa, cochenille, pimento, indigo, oranges, fruits and vanilla. On the dry table-lands, where nothing else scarcely will grow, flourishes the lordly Maguey or Pulque plant, the glory and wonder of Mexican flora. A single plant of this marvelous production is worth from $4 to $12, according to age and size. It yields but for a single season, and then dies. Some of the wealthiest establishments in Mexico are these Pulque plantations.","There is no lack of range and pasture for herds of cattle: goats, sheep, cows, and horses do well. Nay, gentlemen who are from the grazing lands of the Western States, and who have travelled through the northern part of Mexico, assure me, that they have never seen so fine a stock country.","The forests abound in useful trees and ornamental woods, among them, the mahogany and the india-rubber tree. As for fruits and vegetables, they are of great variety and excellence. The immigrant can find climates and soils suitable to any cultivation that he may choose to adopt. From the sea to the top of the tablelands, he will find these soils and climates ranged in belts suitable for sugar, coffee, tobacco, and the like. These declivities are generally the best watershed lands, and are fit for cultivation all the way up.","The population of the Empire, counting in round numbers, is estimated at eight millions, about seven millions of which belong to what may be called the laboring classes.","Agricultural labor, however, is poorly paid: the average rate of wages being from 25 to 37 cents a day, the laborer finding himself. His skill is rude. I have seen him sawing with an ax, plowing with a stick, hoeing his corn with a shovel, and his wife grinding with a pebble. He yokes his oxen by the horns to the plow or cart; and fetches and carries cheaply on his own back, or on that of mule and donkeys.","Owing to the unsettled state and the constant revolutions in which the country has been for more than forty years, the people now find themselves with energies paralyzed, haciendas neglected and industry itself at a stand-still. There is no lack of evil-minded persons in all countries, and great political revolutions, as experience elsewhere shows, never fail to call forth such. Mexico has not escaped them; and bandits, or guerrillas as\nthey are called, go about the country in certain parts, levying blackmail and forced contributions upon peaceable and defenseless people. To avoid any molestation from these, immigrants, especially the first comers, should travel in company and establish themselves, for mutual protection and convenience, in settlements of not less than a dozen or two. They should bring with them their farming implements, and encourage in every settlement the establishment of blacksmith and other shops, the erection of mills,\netc.","The Emperor is governing mildly and wisely. Internal improvements are encouraged. Education is fostered; and all useful enterprises are sure to find in their Majesties earnest and active support. A railway is in the process of construction from Vera Cruz to the city of Mexico. Fifty miles of it, from Vera Cruz to the foot of the table-land are already in operation; next year another section, from Pueblo to the City of Mexico, will be completed. A charter for another railway, from the Capital to the Pacific Ocean, has been granted to responsible parties.","An able corps of civil engineers has recently been organized, and steps taken for the repair and construction of wagon roads in various parts of the Empire. Telegraphic lines are also encouraged, and several are already in operation.","The Mexican Times, a weekly paper printed in English and devoted to colonization, will, in a few days, make its appearance from the press of this city. Those who wish to come to Mexico, will find in it much useful information relating to the country.","It will, however, afford me much pleasure to give to those who may desire it, any special information that it may be in my power to give, and until the agencies alluded to in the Decree and Regulations, be filled. Their letters will receive prompt attention if directed to the care of Col. Talcott [Tolcott], Engineer in chief of the Imperial Mexican railway.","City of Mexico\n11 Sept. 1865\n(signed) M. F. Maury","Copy of an addendum to emperial decree, in which Matthew Fontaine Maury outlines the climate, economy and other features of Mexico for the information of prospective immigrants."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Matthew Fontaine Maury papers, 1833/1873","Correspondence, family, 1840/1872"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Matthew Fontaine Maury papers, 1833/1873","Correspondence, family, 1840/1872"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1865"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1865 September 11"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":70,"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Matthew Fontaine Maury papers, 1833/1873"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no restrictions"],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Mexico—History","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Mexico—History","Correspondence"],"language_ssim":["English."],"date_range_isim":[1865],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe following Regulations and Instructions have also been approved by His Majesty the Emperor. [signed by M.F. Maury]\u003cbr\u003e\nSeptember 11th 1865.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1. The lands offered for Colonization are divided into three classes:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2. 1st those that are of the public domain and have never been reduced to\ncultivation:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3. 2nd Those that have been more or less improved as Haciendas, the right to\ndispose of which, the Government has acquired, either by purchase or otherwise:-\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4. 3rd Private lands and Haciendas, the proprietors of which are disposed to offer them to immigrants on liberal terms for colonization. Many Haciendas that are, or have been, under cultivation, may be bought on easy terms, for less that $1 per acre.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5. These private Haciendas or plantations, sometimes embrace several hundred\nsquare miles; those of the smaller sizes often afford lands and room for a settlement of a dozen or more families.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6. Immigrants are advised to establish themselves, at first, in settlements or communities, as will for mutual protection and assistance, as for the benefit of churches and schools, and the convenience of mills, blacksmith shops, etc. etc.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e7. It is the policy of the Government to encourage settlement upon private, as will as upon public lands; and the same rights, privileges and exemptions are offered to immigrants who may settle on the former, as are granted to those who settle upon the latter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e8. Lands of Class 1. are offered in alternate sections, as donations to actual settlers, and in quantities varying from 160 acres for single men, to 640 for the heads of families according to circumstances, to be explained presently.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eImmigration\u003cbr\u003e\n9. The Government not only invites all well disposed persons to come and assist in the occupation of its vacant places; but His Majesty, the Emperor, touched by the spectacle of good men struggling with adversity in other lands, tenders hospitality and homes especially to these. Moved by the generous impulses of his nature, he offers them material assistance, to enable them to reach this bountiful and beautiful land. To those of them who wish to change their skies, make Mexico their homes, and identify themselves with the country, a free passage for their families and their effects by\nsea, is offered.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e10. Immigrants are therefore divided into two classes: A. \u0026amp; B. - The former being of those first alluded to, who. by misfortune, have last all their substance; and the latter, those who are less straightened in their means.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e11. Not only a free passage by sea is offered to Class A., but when they arrive in the country, a travelling allowance of a Real the league, there to their new homes, will be made for each member of their families, counting as members also, their apprentices.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e12. Lands of Class 1. will be donated to these immigrants by alternate sections, viz: 160 acres to a single man, and 320 to a man with a family, with a pre-emption right to as much more in each case.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e13. Immigrants of Class A. who, after arriving in the country, may prefer to settle upon Haciendas or other lands are a liberty to do so; but in that case, they will be required to refund, with interest, the money that may have been advanced in assisting them to reach their new domiciles.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e14. Immigrants of Class B., who are those that can afford to pay their own\nexpenses, have the whole country before them. They may establish themselves\nwherever they can find suitable and available lands. If they prefer the unimproved lands of the public domain, they also can have them free in alternate sections, but only for actual settlement, at the rate of 320 acres for a single man, and 640 to a man with a family, with a pre-exemption right to as much more in each case.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e15. These donations of land to persons whether of Class A. or B., are made on condition, and with the understanding, that the donee shall, in good faith, proceed forthwith to occupy, subdue and cultivate the land so donated.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e16. The lands of the public Haciendas will be offered at government prices, and pro - rata, according to the actual cost of purchase by the Government.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e17. As it regards private lands and Haciendas, the field of selections is much larger, Immigrants are free to make their own bargains with proprietors, the Government waiving its fees on such transactions, as per Art. of the Decree.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e18 As it regards the public Haciendas, a reservation of improved lands will be made from each, to serve; during the first years, as a common for the free use of the colonists. The size of the Common will be determined by the number of families the lands of the Hacienda may be sufficient to accommodate. It will be large enough to give them breadstuffs and vegetables at once, and until they can bring their own lands into cultivation. It will be large enough also to afford space for a village in case the immigrants\nshould find it desirable, as probably at first they will, to establish themselves in villages. No rent will be charged for the first years for the use of this Common.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e19. This Reserve or Common is ultimately intended for educational purposes;\nand, after the first years, a ground rent of ten per cent upon the value of the land, but not upon the improvements, will be required.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAgencies\u003cbr\u003e\n20. Agents for immigrations will be stationed at convenient points abroad, for the purpose of affording information to the immigrant there, as to this country, its lands, the best way of reaching them, and upon all other subjects pertaining thereto.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e21. Persons wishing to emigrate, will first apply to the most convenient agent, The applicant must state his occupation: whether agricultural, mercantile, mechanical or professional. He must also give his age, with the name, sex and age of each member of his family, including apprentices. If he requires assistance for the journey, he must state his circumstances, and give satisfactory references as to his character and standing in the community.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePermits\u003cbr\u003e\n22. The permit of the Immigration Agent is necessary to entitle the immigrant to the privileges of the decree. Unless he brings with him such a permit into the country, he will neither be entitled to lands, to free entry at the customs-house, nor to any other privileges beyond those accorded to mere strangers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEffects.\u003cbr\u003e\n23. Immigrants with such permits may bring in, duty free, all their personal and household effects; their live stock, their implements of husbandry, tools and instruments of all sorts, used by them in the pursuit of their trade, art, profession or calling. But they may not bring, without the payment of duty, any merchandize or thing for sale, exchange or barter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e24. Before embarking, if coming by sea, or leaving home, if coming by land, the immigrant should furnish the agent for Immigration a complete list of persons and effects thaty of Mexico, will be completed. A charter for another rail-way, from the Capital to the Pacific Ocean, has been granted to responsible parties.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e25. Immigrants arriving in port, or crossing the line will find an agent there, whose duty it is to give them such assistance, and afford them such further information as they may require to speed them on their way.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApprentices\u003cbr\u003e\n26. The agents for immigration will give no permits for Apprentices: unless the indentures shall conform to the terms of the decree, and be otherwise not inconsistent with the laws of the Empire; unless the indenture be attested by three respectable witnesses, certifying that the Apprentice was free, and that he, his parent or guardian, as the case may be, entered into the contract for apprenticeship, freely, and without threat, fear or intimidation; and unless the agent himself shall be satisfied that the \"patron\" is a humane man and a proper person, made so by his habit and education, for the care of such Apprentices.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e27. In all cases, the \"patron\" must furnish a descriptive list of his Apprentices, taking the time and terms of their indentures, with their names, sexes, and ages. He must exhibit to the agent, the indentures in duplicate, or in duly certified copies, one of which the agent shall deliver to the Apprentice, and retaining another, shall return the third to the patron.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[verso] Regulations \u0026amp; Instructions to be published with the Decree.\nIn connection with the foregoing, I beg leave to add, for the information of those who are displaced to avail themselves of the very liberal terms offered by this Decree, a few remarks on the physical geography, the agricultural resources and industrious pursuits of this beautiful country:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Empire of Mexico lies between the parallels of 15° and 32° of the North latitude.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe shores are bathed by the waters of the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea on one hand, and by those of the Pacific on the other.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIt is celebrated for its mines of silver and gold; copper, iron and lead also abound; but though its mineral wealth has dazzled the world, its mineral wealth is, as a source of riches, by no means equal to its soil.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIts climates are genial and its harvest perpetual; under good husbandry, the yield is bountiful, being 50, 100, and sometimes 200 fold. On the way up from Vera Cruz to the Capital in May, I saw the cereals in all the ways of cultivation between the hands of the sower and the arms of the reaper.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe seasons in Mexico are not marked by the vicissitudes of heat and cold so distinctly as they are by their characteristics of wet and dry. The coolest time of the year in this City is about the end of the dry season in April and May. The rainy season throughout the country commences generally with June and ends with September; still, there are occasional showers both before and after.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the tierra caliente- the rainy season is the sickly season.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBetween the mountains and the sea there is, on both coasts, a flat country, varying in breadth from 10 to 60 miles or more. These lowlands reach back to the mountains which form the edge of the Table-land or great central plateau. This low country corresponds to that which, in Virginia and the Carolinas, lies between the Blue Ridge and the sea. It is the hot country of Mexico, the tierra caliente. Everything which delights in rich soils, bright\nskies, warmth and moisture, finds a genial habitat there.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAscending the mountains, which are timbered all the way up, you reach the table-land, an immense plain from five to eight thousand feet above the level of the sea, and hundreds of mils in breadth. In length, it is commensurate with the Empire; and in the lap of its western declivities, lies the tierra caliente of the Pacific coast. This table-land is the tierra\ntemplada, or the temperate regions of the Empire. Its climates are delightful: a happy mean between hot and cold, where cloth clothes are not uncomfortable by day, nor a blanket or two too heavy by night. Nevertheless, fire is never to be required, even in the coldest weather, for the houses generally are built without chimneys or fireplaces. It is very healthy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe surface of this table-land is diversified with hills and dales, with an occasional snow clad peak; so that one, by descending into the valleys, may find, at the difference in level of a few hundred yards, and in the distances of a few miles, the productions and staples of all climates and latitudes, from those of Virginia and Missouri down to the shore of the\nGulf of Mexico, and there through the West Indies to the Equator or Brazil.\nEmigrants for Mexico, come at what season they may, will always be in time to plant something; but the best season for crop planting is generally in the spring, and the best time for coming is in the dry season, from October to May, when the newcomer may live in tents, put his seed into the ground and till June to build and get his family comfortably housed, by the time the rains set in.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe staples of agriculture in Mexico are like its climates: according to height above the sea level, somewhat controlled also by latitude. They are: corn, wheat, barley and oats; cotton, sugar and coffee; hemp, rice, tobacco, cocoa, cochenille, pimento, indigo, oranges, fruits and vanilla. On the dry table-lands, where nothing else scarcely will grow, flourishes the lordly Maguey or Pulque plant, the glory and wonder of Mexican flora. A single plant of this marvelous production is worth from $4 to $12, according to age and size. It yields but for a single season, and then dies. Some of the wealthiest establishments in Mexico are these Pulque plantations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is no lack of range and pasture for herds of cattle: goats, sheep, cows, and horses do well. Nay, gentlemen who are from the grazing lands of the Western States, and who have travelled through the northern part of Mexico, assure me, that they have never seen so fine a stock country.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe forests abound in useful trees and ornamental woods, among them, the mahogany and the india-rubber tree. As for fruits and vegetables, they are of great variety and excellence. The immigrant can find climates and soils suitable to any cultivation that he may choose to adopt. From the sea to the top of the tablelands, he will find these soils and climates ranged in belts suitable for sugar, coffee, tobacco, and the like. These declivities are generally the best watershed lands, and are fit for cultivation all the way up.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe population of the Empire, counting in round numbers, is estimated at eight millions, about seven millions of which belong to what may be called the laboring classes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAgricultural labor, however, is poorly paid: the average rate of wages being from 25 to 37 cents a day, the laborer finding himself. His skill is rude. I have seen him sawing with an ax, plowing with a stick, hoeing his corn with a shovel, and his wife grinding with a pebble. He yokes his oxen by the horns to the plow or cart; and fetches and carries cheaply on his own back, or on that of mule and donkeys.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOwing to the unsettled state and the constant revolutions in which the country has been for more than forty years, the people now find themselves with energies paralyzed, haciendas neglected and industry itself at a stand-still. There is no lack of evil-minded persons in all countries, and great political revolutions, as experience elsewhere shows, never fail to call forth such. Mexico has not escaped them; and bandits, or guerrillas as\nthey are called, go about the country in certain parts, levying blackmail and forced contributions upon peaceable and defenseless people. To avoid any molestation from these, immigrants, especially the first comers, should travel in company and establish themselves, for mutual protection and convenience, in settlements of not less than a dozen or two. They should bring with them their farming implements, and encourage in every settlement the establishment of blacksmith and other shops, the erection of mills,\netc. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Emperor is governing mildly and wisely. Internal improvements are encouraged. Education is fostered; and all useful enterprises are sure to find in their Majesties earnest and active support. A railway is in the process of construction from Vera Cruz to the city of Mexico. Fifty miles of it, from Vera Cruz to the foot of the table-land are already in operation; next year another section, from Pueblo to the City of Mexico, will be completed. A charter for another railway, from the Capital to the Pacific Ocean, has been granted to responsible parties.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn able corps of civil engineers has recently been organized, and steps taken for the repair and construction of wagon roads in various parts of the Empire. Telegraphic lines are also encouraged, and several are already in operation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Mexican Times, a weekly paper printed in English and devoted to colonization, will, in a few days, make its appearance from the press of this city. Those who wish to come to Mexico, will find in it much useful information relating to the country.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIt will, however, afford me much pleasure to give to those who may desire it, any special information that it may be in my power to give, and until the agencies alluded to in the Decree and Regulations, be filled. Their letters will receive prompt attention if directed to the care of Col. Talcott [Tolcott], Engineer in chief of the Imperial Mexican railway.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCity of Mexico\u003cbr\u003e\n11 Sept. 1865\u003cbr\u003e\n(signed) M. F. Maury\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Transcription"],"odd_tesim":["The following Regulations and Instructions have also been approved by His Majesty the Emperor. [signed by M.F. Maury]\nSeptember 11th 1865.","1. The lands offered for Colonization are divided into three classes:","2. 1st those that are of the public domain and have never been reduced to\ncultivation:","3. 2nd Those that have been more or less improved as Haciendas, the right to\ndispose of which, the Government has acquired, either by purchase or otherwise:-","4. 3rd Private lands and Haciendas, the proprietors of which are disposed to offer them to immigrants on liberal terms for colonization. Many Haciendas that are, or have been, under cultivation, may be bought on easy terms, for less that $1 per acre.","5. These private Haciendas or plantations, sometimes embrace several hundred\nsquare miles; those of the smaller sizes often afford lands and room for a settlement of a dozen or more families.","6. Immigrants are advised to establish themselves, at first, in settlements or communities, as will for mutual protection and assistance, as for the benefit of churches and schools, and the convenience of mills, blacksmith shops, etc. etc.","7. It is the policy of the Government to encourage settlement upon private, as will as upon public lands; and the same rights, privileges and exemptions are offered to immigrants who may settle on the former, as are granted to those who settle upon the latter.","8. Lands of Class 1. are offered in alternate sections, as donations to actual settlers, and in quantities varying from 160 acres for single men, to 640 for the heads of families according to circumstances, to be explained presently.","Immigration\n9. The Government not only invites all well disposed persons to come and assist in the occupation of its vacant places; but His Majesty, the Emperor, touched by the spectacle of good men struggling with adversity in other lands, tenders hospitality and homes especially to these. Moved by the generous impulses of his nature, he offers them material assistance, to enable them to reach this bountiful and beautiful land. To those of them who wish to change their skies, make Mexico their homes, and identify themselves with the country, a free passage for their families and their effects by\nsea, is offered.","10. Immigrants are therefore divided into two classes: A. \u0026 B. - The former being of those first alluded to, who. by misfortune, have last all their substance; and the latter, those who are less straightened in their means.","11. Not only a free passage by sea is offered to Class A., but when they arrive in the country, a travelling allowance of a Real the league, there to their new homes, will be made for each member of their families, counting as members also, their apprentices.","12. Lands of Class 1. will be donated to these immigrants by alternate sections, viz: 160 acres to a single man, and 320 to a man with a family, with a pre-emption right to as much more in each case.","13. Immigrants of Class A. who, after arriving in the country, may prefer to settle upon Haciendas or other lands are a liberty to do so; but in that case, they will be required to refund, with interest, the money that may have been advanced in assisting them to reach their new domiciles.","14. Immigrants of Class B., who are those that can afford to pay their own\nexpenses, have the whole country before them. They may establish themselves\nwherever they can find suitable and available lands. If they prefer the unimproved lands of the public domain, they also can have them free in alternate sections, but only for actual settlement, at the rate of 320 acres for a single man, and 640 to a man with a family, with a pre-exemption right to as much more in each case.","15. These donations of land to persons whether of Class A. or B., are made on condition, and with the understanding, that the donee shall, in good faith, proceed forthwith to occupy, subdue and cultivate the land so donated.","16. The lands of the public Haciendas will be offered at government prices, and pro - rata, according to the actual cost of purchase by the Government.","17. As it regards private lands and Haciendas, the field of selections is much larger, Immigrants are free to make their own bargains with proprietors, the Government waiving its fees on such transactions, as per Art. of the Decree.","18 As it regards the public Haciendas, a reservation of improved lands will be made from each, to serve; during the first years, as a common for the free use of the colonists. The size of the Common will be determined by the number of families the lands of the Hacienda may be sufficient to accommodate. It will be large enough to give them breadstuffs and vegetables at once, and until they can bring their own lands into cultivation. It will be large enough also to afford space for a village in case the immigrants\nshould find it desirable, as probably at first they will, to establish themselves in villages. No rent will be charged for the first years for the use of this Common.","19. This Reserve or Common is ultimately intended for educational purposes;\nand, after the first years, a ground rent of ten per cent upon the value of the land, but not upon the improvements, will be required.","Agencies\n20. Agents for immigrations will be stationed at convenient points abroad, for the purpose of affording information to the immigrant there, as to this country, its lands, the best way of reaching them, and upon all other subjects pertaining thereto.","21. Persons wishing to emigrate, will first apply to the most convenient agent, The applicant must state his occupation: whether agricultural, mercantile, mechanical or professional. He must also give his age, with the name, sex and age of each member of his family, including apprentices. If he requires assistance for the journey, he must state his circumstances, and give satisfactory references as to his character and standing in the community.","Permits\n22. The permit of the Immigration Agent is necessary to entitle the immigrant to the privileges of the decree. Unless he brings with him such a permit into the country, he will neither be entitled to lands, to free entry at the customs-house, nor to any other privileges beyond those accorded to mere strangers.","Effects.\n23. Immigrants with such permits may bring in, duty free, all their personal and household effects; their live stock, their implements of husbandry, tools and instruments of all sorts, used by them in the pursuit of their trade, art, profession or calling. But they may not bring, without the payment of duty, any merchandize or thing for sale, exchange or barter.","24. Before embarking, if coming by sea, or leaving home, if coming by land, the immigrant should furnish the agent for Immigration a complete list of persons and effects thaty of Mexico, will be completed. A charter for another rail-way, from the Capital to the Pacific Ocean, has been granted to responsible parties.","25. Immigrants arriving in port, or crossing the line will find an agent there, whose duty it is to give them such assistance, and afford them such further information as they may require to speed them on their way.","Apprentices\n26. The agents for immigration will give no permits for Apprentices: unless the indentures shall conform to the terms of the decree, and be otherwise not inconsistent with the laws of the Empire; unless the indenture be attested by three respectable witnesses, certifying that the Apprentice was free, and that he, his parent or guardian, as the case may be, entered into the contract for apprenticeship, freely, and without threat, fear or intimidation; and unless the agent himself shall be satisfied that the \"patron\" is a humane man and a proper person, made so by his habit and education, for the care of such Apprentices.","27. In all cases, the \"patron\" must furnish a descriptive list of his Apprentices, taking the time and terms of their indentures, with their names, sexes, and ages. He must exhibit to the agent, the indentures in duplicate, or in duly certified copies, one of which the agent shall deliver to the Apprentice, and retaining another, shall return the third to the patron.","[verso] Regulations \u0026 Instructions to be published with the Decree.\nIn connection with the foregoing, I beg leave to add, for the information of those who are displaced to avail themselves of the very liberal terms offered by this Decree, a few remarks on the physical geography, the agricultural resources and industrious pursuits of this beautiful country:","The Empire of Mexico lies between the parallels of 15° and 32° of the North latitude.","The shores are bathed by the waters of the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea on one hand, and by those of the Pacific on the other.","It is celebrated for its mines of silver and gold; copper, iron and lead also abound; but though its mineral wealth has dazzled the world, its mineral wealth is, as a source of riches, by no means equal to its soil.","Its climates are genial and its harvest perpetual; under good husbandry, the yield is bountiful, being 50, 100, and sometimes 200 fold. On the way up from Vera Cruz to the Capital in May, I saw the cereals in all the ways of cultivation between the hands of the sower and the arms of the reaper.","The seasons in Mexico are not marked by the vicissitudes of heat and cold so distinctly as they are by their characteristics of wet and dry. The coolest time of the year in this City is about the end of the dry season in April and May. The rainy season throughout the country commences generally with June and ends with September; still, there are occasional showers both before and after.","In the tierra caliente- the rainy season is the sickly season.","Between the mountains and the sea there is, on both coasts, a flat country, varying in breadth from 10 to 60 miles or more. These lowlands reach back to the mountains which form the edge of the Table-land or great central plateau. This low country corresponds to that which, in Virginia and the Carolinas, lies between the Blue Ridge and the sea. It is the hot country of Mexico, the tierra caliente. Everything which delights in rich soils, bright\nskies, warmth and moisture, finds a genial habitat there.","Ascending the mountains, which are timbered all the way up, you reach the table-land, an immense plain from five to eight thousand feet above the level of the sea, and hundreds of mils in breadth. In length, it is commensurate with the Empire; and in the lap of its western declivities, lies the tierra caliente of the Pacific coast. This table-land is the tierra\ntemplada, or the temperate regions of the Empire. Its climates are delightful: a happy mean between hot and cold, where cloth clothes are not uncomfortable by day, nor a blanket or two too heavy by night. Nevertheless, fire is never to be required, even in the coldest weather, for the houses generally are built without chimneys or fireplaces. It is very healthy.","The surface of this table-land is diversified with hills and dales, with an occasional snow clad peak; so that one, by descending into the valleys, may find, at the difference in level of a few hundred yards, and in the distances of a few miles, the productions and staples of all climates and latitudes, from those of Virginia and Missouri down to the shore of the\nGulf of Mexico, and there through the West Indies to the Equator or Brazil.\nEmigrants for Mexico, come at what season they may, will always be in time to plant something; but the best season for crop planting is generally in the spring, and the best time for coming is in the dry season, from October to May, when the newcomer may live in tents, put his seed into the ground and till June to build and get his family comfortably housed, by the time the rains set in.","The staples of agriculture in Mexico are like its climates: according to height above the sea level, somewhat controlled also by latitude. They are: corn, wheat, barley and oats; cotton, sugar and coffee; hemp, rice, tobacco, cocoa, cochenille, pimento, indigo, oranges, fruits and vanilla. On the dry table-lands, where nothing else scarcely will grow, flourishes the lordly Maguey or Pulque plant, the glory and wonder of Mexican flora. A single plant of this marvelous production is worth from $4 to $12, according to age and size. It yields but for a single season, and then dies. Some of the wealthiest establishments in Mexico are these Pulque plantations.","There is no lack of range and pasture for herds of cattle: goats, sheep, cows, and horses do well. Nay, gentlemen who are from the grazing lands of the Western States, and who have travelled through the northern part of Mexico, assure me, that they have never seen so fine a stock country.","The forests abound in useful trees and ornamental woods, among them, the mahogany and the india-rubber tree. As for fruits and vegetables, they are of great variety and excellence. The immigrant can find climates and soils suitable to any cultivation that he may choose to adopt. From the sea to the top of the tablelands, he will find these soils and climates ranged in belts suitable for sugar, coffee, tobacco, and the like. These declivities are generally the best watershed lands, and are fit for cultivation all the way up.","The population of the Empire, counting in round numbers, is estimated at eight millions, about seven millions of which belong to what may be called the laboring classes.","Agricultural labor, however, is poorly paid: the average rate of wages being from 25 to 37 cents a day, the laborer finding himself. His skill is rude. I have seen him sawing with an ax, plowing with a stick, hoeing his corn with a shovel, and his wife grinding with a pebble. He yokes his oxen by the horns to the plow or cart; and fetches and carries cheaply on his own back, or on that of mule and donkeys.","Owing to the unsettled state and the constant revolutions in which the country has been for more than forty years, the people now find themselves with energies paralyzed, haciendas neglected and industry itself at a stand-still. There is no lack of evil-minded persons in all countries, and great political revolutions, as experience elsewhere shows, never fail to call forth such. Mexico has not escaped them; and bandits, or guerrillas as\nthey are called, go about the country in certain parts, levying blackmail and forced contributions upon peaceable and defenseless people. To avoid any molestation from these, immigrants, especially the first comers, should travel in company and establish themselves, for mutual protection and convenience, in settlements of not less than a dozen or two. They should bring with them their farming implements, and encourage in every settlement the establishment of blacksmith and other shops, the erection of mills,\netc.","The Emperor is governing mildly and wisely. Internal improvements are encouraged. Education is fostered; and all useful enterprises are sure to find in their Majesties earnest and active support. A railway is in the process of construction from Vera Cruz to the city of Mexico. Fifty miles of it, from Vera Cruz to the foot of the table-land are already in operation; next year another section, from Pueblo to the City of Mexico, will be completed. A charter for another railway, from the Capital to the Pacific Ocean, has been granted to responsible parties.","An able corps of civil engineers has recently been organized, and steps taken for the repair and construction of wagon roads in various parts of the Empire. Telegraphic lines are also encouraged, and several are already in operation.","The Mexican Times, a weekly paper printed in English and devoted to colonization, will, in a few days, make its appearance from the press of this city. Those who wish to come to Mexico, will find in it much useful information relating to the country.","It will, however, afford me much pleasure to give to those who may desire it, any special information that it may be in my power to give, and until the agencies alluded to in the Decree and Regulations, be filled. Their letters will receive prompt attention if directed to the care of Col. Talcott [Tolcott], Engineer in chief of the Imperial Mexican railway.","City of Mexico\n11 Sept. 1865\n(signed) M. F. Maury"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopy of an addendum to emperial decree, in which Matthew Fontaine Maury outlines the climate, economy and other features of Mexico for the information of prospective immigrants.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Copy of an addendum to emperial decree, in which Matthew Fontaine Maury outlines the climate, economy and other features of Mexico for the information of prospective immigrants."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#68","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:23:37.080Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_593","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_593","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_593","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_593","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_593.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vmi/vilxv00010.xml","title_ssm":["Matthew Fontaine Maury papers"],"title_tesim":["Matthew Fontaine Maury papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1833-1873"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1833-1873"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1833/1873"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Matthew Fontaine Maury papers, 1833/1873"],"text":["Matthew Fontaine Maury papers, 1833/1873","MS.0103","/repositories/3/resources/593","Confederate States of America—International relations","Confederate States of America. Navy—Officers—Correspondence","Virginia Military Institute—Faculty—19th century","Virginia Military Institute—Faculty—Biography","American Confederate voluntary exiles","Mexico—History","Correspondence","There are no restrictions","The Matthew Fontaine Maury papers are avaliable online.","Matthew Fontaine Maury (1806-1873) was a naval officer and oceanographer known as the \"Pathfinder of the Seas.\" He was notable for his pioneering scientific work in the fields of navigation, hydrography, and meteorology.","Maury joined the United States Navy at age 19, and in 1842 was named head of the Navy's Hydrographical Office and of the United State Naval Observatory.","Beginning in the 1830s, he published a number of significant works on the Gulf Stream, ocean currents, and navigation. He was also involved in research concerning deep-sea sounding and transoceanic cables.","A native of Virginia, Maury resigned his commission as a Commander in the United States Navy at the outbreak of Civil War in April 1861. He entered the Confederate Navy and undertook research into the new technology of torpedo warfare. He was subsequently ordered to England as a special agent with instructions to purchase ships for the Confederate government.","At War's end, he was enroute to the United States with a cargo of torpedo equipment when, upon arriving in port at Havana, Cuba, he learned that the War had ended. Maury then went to Mexico, where he served Emperor Maximilian and later returned to England where he worked until 1868.","The last five years of Maury's life were spent as a Professor of Physics at VMI in Lexington, Virginia. At VMI, Maury did not have regular classroom duties, but instead gave occasional lectures to the cadets and was primarily involved in overseeing an extensive physical survey of Virginia. He died in 1873.","The Matthew Fontaine Maury papers consist primarily of letters written by Maury to various members of his family, including daughter Diana Fontaine Corbin (Maury) (1837-1900), son-in-law Spotswood Wellford Corbin (1835-1897), and wife Ann Hull Maury (Herndon) (1811-1901). Other correspondents include Maximilian (1832-1867), Emperor of Mexico, and Empress Carlotta.","In addition to personal and domestic matters, topics include:\n\nLecture series\nCareer at the National Observatory in Washington, D.C.\nConfederate service in Richmond, Virginia\nActivities in England\nColonization efforts in Mexico\nProfessorship at VMI\n   \nThe papers also include related correspondence and printed material.","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information","Manuscripts Stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Maury, Matthew Fontaine, 1806-1873","Maury, Ann Hull (Herndon), 1811-1901","Corbin, Diana Fontaine (Maury), 1837-1900","Corbin, Spotswood Wellford, 1835-1897","Maximilian, Emperor of Mexico, 1832-1867","Smith, Francis H. (Francis Henney), 1812-1890","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Matthew Fontaine Maury papers, 1833/1873"],"collection_ssim":["Matthew Fontaine Maury papers, 1833/1873"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0103","/repositories/3/resources/593"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0103","/repositories/3/resources/593"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Maury, Matthew Fontaine, 1806-1873"],"creator_ssim":["Maury, Matthew Fontaine, 1806-1873"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Maury, Matthew Fontaine, 1806-1873","Maury, Ann Hull (Herndon), 1811-1901","Corbin, Diana Fontaine (Maury), 1837-1900","Corbin, Spotswood Wellford, 1835-1897","Maximilian, Emperor of Mexico, 1832-1867","Smith, Francis H. (Francis Henney), 1812-1890"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creators_ssim":["Maury, Matthew Fontaine, 1806-1873","Maury, Ann Hull (Herndon), 1811-1901","Corbin, Diana Fontaine (Maury), 1837-1900","Corbin, Spotswood Wellford, 1835-1897","Maximilian, Emperor of Mexico, 1832-1867","Smith, Francis H. (Francis Henney), 1812-1890","Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Confederate States of America—International relations","Confederate States of America. Navy—Officers—Correspondence","Virginia Military Institute—Faculty—19th century","Virginia Military Institute—Faculty—Biography","American Confederate voluntary exiles","Mexico—History","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Confederate States of America—International relations","Confederate States of America. Navy—Officers—Correspondence","Virginia Military Institute—Faculty—19th century","Virginia Military Institute—Faculty—Biography","American Confederate voluntary exiles","Mexico—History","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["175 items"],"extent_tesim":["175 items"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions"],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Matthew Fontaine Maury papers are avaliable \u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/landingpage/collection/p15821coll6\"\u003eonline\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Online Access"],"altformavail_tesim":["The Matthew Fontaine Maury papers are avaliable online."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMatthew Fontaine Maury (1806-1873) was a naval officer and oceanographer known as the \"Pathfinder of the Seas.\" He was notable for his pioneering scientific work in the fields of navigation, hydrography, and meteorology. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaury joined the United States Navy at age 19, and in 1842 was named head of the Navy's Hydrographical Office and of the United State Naval Observatory. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBeginning in the 1830s, he published a number of significant works on the Gulf Stream, ocean currents, and navigation. He was also involved in research concerning deep-sea sounding and transoceanic cables.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA native of Virginia, Maury resigned his commission as a Commander in the United States Navy at the outbreak of Civil War in April 1861. He entered the Confederate Navy and undertook research into the new technology of torpedo warfare. He was subsequently ordered to England as a special agent with instructions to purchase ships for the Confederate government.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAt War's end, he was enroute to the United States with a cargo of torpedo equipment when, upon arriving in port at Havana, Cuba, he learned that the War had ended. Maury then went to Mexico, where he served Emperor Maximilian and later returned to England where he worked until 1868.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe last five years of Maury's life were spent as a Professor of Physics at VMI in Lexington, Virginia. At VMI, Maury did not have regular classroom duties, but instead gave occasional lectures to the cadets and was primarily involved in overseeing an extensive physical survey of Virginia. He died in 1873.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Matthew Fontaine Maury (1806-1873) was a naval officer and oceanographer known as the \"Pathfinder of the Seas.\" He was notable for his pioneering scientific work in the fields of navigation, hydrography, and meteorology.","Maury joined the United States Navy at age 19, and in 1842 was named head of the Navy's Hydrographical Office and of the United State Naval Observatory.","Beginning in the 1830s, he published a number of significant works on the Gulf Stream, ocean currents, and navigation. 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He was also involved in research concerning deep-sea sounding and transoceanic cables.","A native of Virginia, Maury resigned his commission as a Commander in the United States Navy at the outbreak of Civil War in April 1861. He entered the Confederate Navy and undertook research into the new technology of torpedo warfare. He was subsequently ordered to England as a special agent with instructions to purchase ships for the Confederate government.","At War's end, he was enroute to the United States with a cargo of torpedo equipment when, upon arriving in port at Havana, Cuba, he learned that the War had ended. Maury then went to Mexico, where he served Emperor Maximilian and later returned to England where he worked until 1868.","The last five years of Maury's life were spent as a Professor of Physics at VMI in Lexington, Virginia. 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He was also involved in research concerning deep-sea sounding and transoceanic cables.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA native of Virginia, Maury resigned his commission as a Commander in the United States Navy at the outbreak of Civil War in April 1861. He entered the Confederate Navy and undertook research into the new technology of torpedo warfare. He was subsequently ordered to England as a special agent with instructions to purchase ships for the Confederate government.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAt War's end, he was enroute to the United States with a cargo of torpedo equipment when, upon arriving in port at Havana, Cuba, he learned that the War had ended. Maury then went to Mexico, where he served Emperor Maximilian and later returned to England where he worked until 1868.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe last five years of Maury's life were spent as a Professor of Physics at VMI in Lexington, Virginia. At VMI, Maury did not have regular classroom duties, but instead gave occasional lectures to the cadets and was primarily involved in overseeing an extensive physical survey of Virginia. He died in 1873.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Matthew Fontaine Maury (1806-1873) was a naval officer and oceanographer known as the \"Pathfinder of the Seas.\" He was notable for his pioneering scientific work in the fields of navigation, hydrography, and meteorology.","Maury joined the United States Navy at age 19, and in 1842 was named head of the Navy's Hydrographical Office and of the United State Naval Observatory.","Beginning in the 1830s, he published a number of significant works on the Gulf Stream, ocean currents, and navigation. He was also involved in research concerning deep-sea sounding and transoceanic cables.","A native of Virginia, Maury resigned his commission as a Commander in the United States Navy at the outbreak of Civil War in April 1861. He entered the Confederate Navy and undertook research into the new technology of torpedo warfare. He was subsequently ordered to England as a special agent with instructions to purchase ships for the Confederate government.","At War's end, he was enroute to the United States with a cargo of torpedo equipment when, upon arriving in port at Havana, Cuba, he learned that the War had ended. Maury then went to Mexico, where he served Emperor Maximilian and later returned to England where he worked until 1868.","The last five years of Maury's life were spent as a Professor of Physics at VMI in Lexington, Virginia. At VMI, Maury did not have regular classroom duties, but instead gave occasional lectures to the cadets and was primarily involved in overseeing an extensive physical survey of Virginia. He died in 1873."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMatthew Fontaine Maury papers, MS 0103, Virginia Military Institute Archives, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Matthew Fontaine Maury papers, MS 0103, Virginia Military Institute Archives, Lexington, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Matthew Fontaine Maury papers consist primarily of letters written by Maury to various members of his family, including daughter Diana Fontaine Corbin (Maury) (1837-1900), son-in-law Spotswood Wellford Corbin (1835-1897), and wife Ann Hull Maury (Herndon) (1811-1901). Other correspondents include Maximilian (1832-1867), Emperor of Mexico, and Empress Carlotta.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to personal and domestic matters, topics include:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLecture series\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCareer at the National Observatory in Washington, D.C.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConfederate service in Richmond, Virginia\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eActivities in England\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eColonization efforts in Mexico\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProfessorship at VMI\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e   \nThe papers also include related correspondence and printed material.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Matthew Fontaine Maury papers consist primarily of letters written by Maury to various members of his family, including daughter Diana Fontaine Corbin (Maury) (1837-1900), son-in-law Spotswood Wellford Corbin (1835-1897), and wife Ann Hull Maury (Herndon) (1811-1901). Other correspondents include Maximilian (1832-1867), Emperor of Mexico, and Empress Carlotta.","In addition to personal and domestic matters, topics include:\n\nLecture series\nCareer at the National Observatory in Washington, D.C.\nConfederate service in Richmond, Virginia\nActivities in England\nColonization efforts in Mexico\nProfessorship at VMI\n   \nThe papers also include related correspondence and printed material."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_fd2a03b38d0537639ba5d5a285e66e93\"\u003eManuscripts Stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts Stacks"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Maury, Matthew Fontaine, 1806-1873","Maury, Ann Hull (Herndon), 1811-1901","Corbin, Diana Fontaine (Maury), 1837-1900","Corbin, Spotswood Wellford, 1835-1897","Maximilian, Emperor of Mexico, 1832-1867","Smith, Francis H. (Francis Henney), 1812-1890"],"names_coll_ssim":["Maury, Ann Hull (Herndon), 1811-1901","Corbin, Diana Fontaine (Maury), 1837-1900","Corbin, Spotswood Wellford, 1835-1897","Maximilian, Emperor of Mexico, 1832-1867"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Maury, Matthew Fontaine, 1806-1873","Maury, Ann Hull (Herndon), 1811-1901","Corbin, Diana Fontaine (Maury), 1837-1900","Corbin, Spotswood Wellford, 1835-1897","Maximilian, Emperor of Mexico, 1832-1867","Smith, Francis H. (Francis Henney), 1812-1890"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"total_component_count_is":149,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:23:37.080Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_593_c01"}},{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_593_c01_c68","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Decree, contemporary copy, 1865","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_593_c01_c68#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eContemporary copy of the decree by Emperor Maximilian that regards immigration and benefits granted to immigrants, and regulations regarding use of laborers.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_593_c01_c68#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_593_c01_c68","ref_ssm":["vilxv_repositories_3_resources_593_c01_c68"],"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_593_c01_c68","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_593","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_593","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_593_c01","parent_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_593_c01","parent_ssim":["Matthew Fontaine Maury papers, 1833/1873","Correspondence, family, 1840/1872"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vilxv_repositories_3_resources_593","vilxv_repositories_3_resources_593_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"Decree, contemporary copy","title_ssm":["Decree, contemporary copy"],"title_tesim":["Decree, contemporary copy"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Decree, contemporary copy, 1865"],"text":["Decree, contemporary copy, 1865","Matthew Fontaine Maury papers, 1833/1873","Correspondence, family, 1840/1872","Mexico—History","Correspondence","English.","Important from Mexico\nWe, Maximilian, Emperor of Mexico in consideration of the sparseness of the population in the Mexican territory, in proportion to its extent; desiring to give to immigrants all possible security for property and liberty, in order that they may become good Mexicans, sincerely attached to their new country; and having heard the opinion of our Board of Colonization, do decree, as follows:","Article 1. Mexico is opened to immigration from all nations.","Article 2. Immigration agents shall be appointed, who will be paid by the government, and whose duty it will be to protect the arrival of the immigrants, install them on the lands assigned them and assist them in every possible way in establishing themselves. These agents will receive the orders of an Imperial Commissioner if Immigration, specially appointed by us, and to whom, through our Minister of Improvement (Fomento) all communications relating to immigration shall be addressed.","Article 3. Each immigrant shall receive a duly executed title incommutable, of landed estate, and a certificate that it is free of mortgages.","Article 4. Such property shall be free from taxes for the first year, and also from duties on transfers of property, but only on the first sale.","Article 5. The immigrants may be naturalized as soon as they shall have established themselves as settlers.","Article 6. Immigrants who may desire to bring labourers with them, or induce them to come, in considerable numbers, of any race whatever, are authorized to do so; but those laborers will be subject to special protective regulations.","Article 7. The effects of immigrants, their working and broad animals, seeds, agricultural implements, machines and working tools, will enter free of custom house and transit duties.","Article 8. Immigrants are exempted from military service for five years. But they will form a stationary militia, for the purpose of protecting their property and neighbourhoods.","Article 9. Liberty in the exercise of their respective forms of religious worship is secured to immigrants, by the Organic Law of the Empire.","Article 10. Each of our Ministers is charged with carrying out such parts of this decree as relate to his department.","Given at Chapultepec on the 5th of September 1865.\nMaximilian","To the Minister of Improvement.\nBy the Emperor,\nManuel Orozco y Berra,\nSub-secretary, in the absence of the Minister of Improvement","Regulations\nUnder article 6, of the foregoing decree, we ordain as follows:","1. Under the laws of the Empire, all persons of colour are free by the mere act of their touching Mexican territory.","2. They shall make contracts with the employer who has engaged, or may engage them, by which such employer shall bind himself to feed, clothe and lodge them, and give them medical attendance, and also pay them a sum of money, according to whatever agreements they may enter into with him, and more over he shall deposit in the savings bank hereinafter mentioned, for the benefit of the labourer, a sum equivalent to one fourth of his wages, the laborer shall on his part obligate himself to his employer to perform the labour for which he is employed, for a term of not less than five nor more that ten years.","3. The employer shall bind himself to support the children of his labourers. In the event of the father's death, the employer will be regarded as the guardian of the children, and they will remain in his service until they become of age, on the same terms as those agreed on with their father.","4. Each labourer shall receive a book certified by the local authority, in which book his description, the statement of his place of labour, and a certificate of his life and habits, will be entered. In the case of a change of employer, the consent of the former employer shall be entered in this book.","5. In case of the death of the employer, his heirs or whoever may acquire his estate, shall be bound to the labourer in the same manner in which such employer was and labourer in his part shall be bound towards such new proprietor, on the same terms as in his former contract.","6. In case of desertion, the labourer when arrested, shall be placed, without pay, on public works, until his employe presents himself to claim him.","7. In case of any injustice of the employer towards the labourers, he shall be brought before a magistrate.","8. Special police commissioners will watch over the execution of these regulations, and officially prosecute all violators thereof.","9. A savings bank will be established by the government for the following objects.","10. The employers shall deposit in said bank, every month, for the benefit of the labourers, a sum equivalent to one fourth of the wages which each is entitled to, under his contract of employment.","11. The labourers can deposit, in addition, in the savings bank, in money, such sum as they may desire.","12. These deposits shall bear interest at the rate of 5 percent per annum.","13. At the end of his engagement, and on presentation of his book, the labourer shall receive the entire amount of his savings.","14. If at the end of his engagement the labourer wishes to leave his money in the savings bank, he can then receive the interest accrues, or if he wishes to leave this also, it will be added to his capital, and also draw interest.","15. In case a labourer should die intestate or without heirs, his property shall pass to the treasury of the government.","Given at Chapultepec, on the 5th of September 1865.\nMaximilian\nTo the Minister of Improvement\nBy the Emperor:\nManuel Orozco y Berra\nSubsecretary, in the absence of the Minister of Improvement.","Contemporary copy of the decree by Emperor Maximilian that regards immigration and benefits granted to immigrants, and regulations regarding use of laborers."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Matthew Fontaine Maury papers, 1833/1873","Correspondence, family, 1840/1872"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Matthew Fontaine Maury papers, 1833/1873","Correspondence, family, 1840/1872"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1865"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1865 September 5"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":69,"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Matthew Fontaine Maury papers, 1833/1873"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no restrictions"],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Mexico—History","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Mexico—History","Correspondence"],"language_ssim":["English."],"date_range_isim":[1865],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eImportant from Mexico\u003cbr\u003e\nWe, Maximilian, Emperor of Mexico in consideration of the sparseness of the population in the Mexican territory, in proportion to its extent; desiring to give to immigrants all possible security for property and liberty, in order that they may become good Mexicans, sincerely attached to their new country; and having heard the opinion of our Board of Colonization, do decree, as follows:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArticle 1. Mexico is opened to immigration from all nations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArticle 2. Immigration agents shall be appointed, who will be paid by the government, and whose duty it will be to protect the arrival of the immigrants, install them on the lands assigned them and assist them in every possible way in establishing themselves. These agents will receive the orders of an Imperial Commissioner if Immigration, specially appointed by us, and to whom, through our Minister of Improvement (Fomento) all communications relating to immigration shall be addressed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArticle 3. Each immigrant shall receive a duly executed title incommutable, of landed estate, and a certificate that it is free of mortgages.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArticle 4. Such property shall be free from taxes for the first year, and also from duties on transfers of property, but only on the first sale.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArticle 5. The immigrants may be naturalized as soon as they shall have established themselves as settlers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArticle 6. Immigrants who may desire to bring labourers with them, or induce them to come, in considerable numbers, of any race whatever, are authorized to do so; but those laborers will be subject to special protective regulations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArticle 7. The effects of immigrants, their working and broad animals, seeds, agricultural implements, machines and working tools, will enter free of custom house and transit duties.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArticle 8. Immigrants are exempted from military service for five years. But they will form a stationary militia, for the purpose of protecting their property and neighbourhoods.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArticle 9. Liberty in the exercise of their respective forms of religious worship is secured to immigrants, by the Organic Law of the Empire.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArticle 10. Each of our Ministers is charged with carrying out such parts of this decree as relate to his department.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGiven at Chapultepec on the 5th of September 1865.\u003cbr\u003e\nMaximilian\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTo the Minister of Improvement.\u003cbr\u003e\nBy the Emperor,\u003cbr\u003e\nManuel Orozco y Berra,\u003cbr\u003e\nSub-secretary, in the absence of the Minister of Improvement\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRegulations\u003cbr\u003e\nUnder article 6, of the foregoing decree, we ordain as follows:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1. Under the laws of the Empire, all persons of colour are free by the mere act of their touching Mexican territory.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e2. They shall make contracts with the employer who has engaged, or may engage them, by which such employer shall bind himself to feed, clothe and lodge them, and give them medical attendance, and also pay them a sum of money, according to whatever agreements they may enter into with him, and more over he shall deposit in the savings bank hereinafter mentioned, for the benefit of the labourer, a sum equivalent to one fourth of his wages, the laborer shall on his part obligate himself to his employer to perform the labour for which he is employed, for a term of not less than five nor more that ten years.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3. The employer shall bind himself to support the children of his labourers. In the event of the father's death, the employer will be regarded as the guardian of the children, and they will remain in his service until they become of age, on the same terms as those agreed on with their father.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4. Each labourer shall receive a book certified by the local authority, in which book his description, the statement of his place of labour, and a certificate of his life and habits, will be entered. In the case of a change of employer, the consent of the former employer shall be entered in this book.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5. In case of the death of the employer, his heirs or whoever may acquire his estate, shall be bound to the labourer in the same manner in which such employer was and labourer in his part shall be bound towards such new proprietor, on the same terms as in his former contract.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e6. In case of desertion, the labourer when arrested, shall be placed, without pay, on public works, until his employe presents himself to claim him.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e7. In case of any injustice of the employer towards the labourers, he shall be brought before a magistrate.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e8. Special police commissioners will watch over the execution of these regulations, and officially prosecute all violators thereof.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e9. A savings bank will be established by the government for the following objects.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e10. The employers shall deposit in said bank, every month, for the benefit of the labourers, a sum equivalent to one fourth of the wages which each is entitled to, under his contract of employment.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e11. The labourers can deposit, in addition, in the savings bank, in money, such sum as they may desire.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e12. These deposits shall bear interest at the rate of 5 percent per annum.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e13. At the end of his engagement, and on presentation of his book, the labourer shall receive the entire amount of his savings.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e14. If at the end of his engagement the labourer wishes to leave his money in the savings bank, he can then receive the interest accrues, or if he wishes to leave this also, it will be added to his capital, and also draw interest.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e15. In case a labourer should die intestate or without heirs, his property shall pass to the treasury of the government.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGiven at Chapultepec, on the 5th of September 1865.\u003cbr\u003e\nMaximilian\u003cbr\u003e\nTo the Minister of Improvement\u003cbr\u003e\nBy the Emperor:\u003cbr\u003e\nManuel Orozco y Berra\u003cbr\u003e\nSubsecretary, in the absence of the Minister of Improvement.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Transcription"],"odd_tesim":["Important from Mexico\nWe, Maximilian, Emperor of Mexico in consideration of the sparseness of the population in the Mexican territory, in proportion to its extent; desiring to give to immigrants all possible security for property and liberty, in order that they may become good Mexicans, sincerely attached to their new country; and having heard the opinion of our Board of Colonization, do decree, as follows:","Article 1. Mexico is opened to immigration from all nations.","Article 2. Immigration agents shall be appointed, who will be paid by the government, and whose duty it will be to protect the arrival of the immigrants, install them on the lands assigned them and assist them in every possible way in establishing themselves. These agents will receive the orders of an Imperial Commissioner if Immigration, specially appointed by us, and to whom, through our Minister of Improvement (Fomento) all communications relating to immigration shall be addressed.","Article 3. Each immigrant shall receive a duly executed title incommutable, of landed estate, and a certificate that it is free of mortgages.","Article 4. Such property shall be free from taxes for the first year, and also from duties on transfers of property, but only on the first sale.","Article 5. The immigrants may be naturalized as soon as they shall have established themselves as settlers.","Article 6. Immigrants who may desire to bring labourers with them, or induce them to come, in considerable numbers, of any race whatever, are authorized to do so; but those laborers will be subject to special protective regulations.","Article 7. The effects of immigrants, their working and broad animals, seeds, agricultural implements, machines and working tools, will enter free of custom house and transit duties.","Article 8. Immigrants are exempted from military service for five years. But they will form a stationary militia, for the purpose of protecting their property and neighbourhoods.","Article 9. Liberty in the exercise of their respective forms of religious worship is secured to immigrants, by the Organic Law of the Empire.","Article 10. Each of our Ministers is charged with carrying out such parts of this decree as relate to his department.","Given at Chapultepec on the 5th of September 1865.\nMaximilian","To the Minister of Improvement.\nBy the Emperor,\nManuel Orozco y Berra,\nSub-secretary, in the absence of the Minister of Improvement","Regulations\nUnder article 6, of the foregoing decree, we ordain as follows:","1. Under the laws of the Empire, all persons of colour are free by the mere act of their touching Mexican territory.","2. They shall make contracts with the employer who has engaged, or may engage them, by which such employer shall bind himself to feed, clothe and lodge them, and give them medical attendance, and also pay them a sum of money, according to whatever agreements they may enter into with him, and more over he shall deposit in the savings bank hereinafter mentioned, for the benefit of the labourer, a sum equivalent to one fourth of his wages, the laborer shall on his part obligate himself to his employer to perform the labour for which he is employed, for a term of not less than five nor more that ten years.","3. The employer shall bind himself to support the children of his labourers. In the event of the father's death, the employer will be regarded as the guardian of the children, and they will remain in his service until they become of age, on the same terms as those agreed on with their father.","4. Each labourer shall receive a book certified by the local authority, in which book his description, the statement of his place of labour, and a certificate of his life and habits, will be entered. In the case of a change of employer, the consent of the former employer shall be entered in this book.","5. In case of the death of the employer, his heirs or whoever may acquire his estate, shall be bound to the labourer in the same manner in which such employer was and labourer in his part shall be bound towards such new proprietor, on the same terms as in his former contract.","6. In case of desertion, the labourer when arrested, shall be placed, without pay, on public works, until his employe presents himself to claim him.","7. In case of any injustice of the employer towards the labourers, he shall be brought before a magistrate.","8. Special police commissioners will watch over the execution of these regulations, and officially prosecute all violators thereof.","9. A savings bank will be established by the government for the following objects.","10. The employers shall deposit in said bank, every month, for the benefit of the labourers, a sum equivalent to one fourth of the wages which each is entitled to, under his contract of employment.","11. The labourers can deposit, in addition, in the savings bank, in money, such sum as they may desire.","12. These deposits shall bear interest at the rate of 5 percent per annum.","13. At the end of his engagement, and on presentation of his book, the labourer shall receive the entire amount of his savings.","14. If at the end of his engagement the labourer wishes to leave his money in the savings bank, he can then receive the interest accrues, or if he wishes to leave this also, it will be added to his capital, and also draw interest.","15. In case a labourer should die intestate or without heirs, his property shall pass to the treasury of the government.","Given at Chapultepec, on the 5th of September 1865.\nMaximilian\nTo the Minister of Improvement\nBy the Emperor:\nManuel Orozco y Berra\nSubsecretary, in the absence of the Minister of Improvement."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eContemporary copy of the decree by Emperor Maximilian that regards immigration and benefits granted to immigrants, and regulations regarding use of laborers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Contemporary copy of the decree by Emperor Maximilian that regards immigration and benefits granted to immigrants, and regulations regarding use of laborers."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#67","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:23:37.080Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_593","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_593","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_593","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_593","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_593.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vmi/vilxv00010.xml","title_ssm":["Matthew Fontaine Maury papers"],"title_tesim":["Matthew Fontaine Maury papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1833-1873"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1833-1873"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1833/1873"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Matthew Fontaine Maury papers, 1833/1873"],"text":["Matthew Fontaine Maury papers, 1833/1873","MS.0103","/repositories/3/resources/593","Confederate States of America—International relations","Confederate States of America. Navy—Officers—Correspondence","Virginia Military Institute—Faculty—19th century","Virginia Military Institute—Faculty—Biography","American Confederate voluntary exiles","Mexico—History","Correspondence","There are no restrictions","The Matthew Fontaine Maury papers are avaliable online.","Matthew Fontaine Maury (1806-1873) was a naval officer and oceanographer known as the \"Pathfinder of the Seas.\" He was notable for his pioneering scientific work in the fields of navigation, hydrography, and meteorology.","Maury joined the United States Navy at age 19, and in 1842 was named head of the Navy's Hydrographical Office and of the United State Naval Observatory.","Beginning in the 1830s, he published a number of significant works on the Gulf Stream, ocean currents, and navigation. He was also involved in research concerning deep-sea sounding and transoceanic cables.","A native of Virginia, Maury resigned his commission as a Commander in the United States Navy at the outbreak of Civil War in April 1861. He entered the Confederate Navy and undertook research into the new technology of torpedo warfare. He was subsequently ordered to England as a special agent with instructions to purchase ships for the Confederate government.","At War's end, he was enroute to the United States with a cargo of torpedo equipment when, upon arriving in port at Havana, Cuba, he learned that the War had ended. Maury then went to Mexico, where he served Emperor Maximilian and later returned to England where he worked until 1868.","The last five years of Maury's life were spent as a Professor of Physics at VMI in Lexington, Virginia. At VMI, Maury did not have regular classroom duties, but instead gave occasional lectures to the cadets and was primarily involved in overseeing an extensive physical survey of Virginia. He died in 1873.","The Matthew Fontaine Maury papers consist primarily of letters written by Maury to various members of his family, including daughter Diana Fontaine Corbin (Maury) (1837-1900), son-in-law Spotswood Wellford Corbin (1835-1897), and wife Ann Hull Maury (Herndon) (1811-1901). Other correspondents include Maximilian (1832-1867), Emperor of Mexico, and Empress Carlotta.","In addition to personal and domestic matters, topics include:\n\nLecture series\nCareer at the National Observatory in Washington, D.C.\nConfederate service in Richmond, Virginia\nActivities in England\nColonization efforts in Mexico\nProfessorship at VMI\n   \nThe papers also include related correspondence and printed material.","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. 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(Francis Henney), 1812-1890"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creators_ssim":["Maury, Matthew Fontaine, 1806-1873","Maury, Ann Hull (Herndon), 1811-1901","Corbin, Diana Fontaine (Maury), 1837-1900","Corbin, Spotswood Wellford, 1835-1897","Maximilian, Emperor of Mexico, 1832-1867","Smith, Francis H. (Francis Henney), 1812-1890","Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Confederate States of America—International relations","Confederate States of America. Navy—Officers—Correspondence","Virginia Military Institute—Faculty—19th century","Virginia Military Institute—Faculty—Biography","American Confederate voluntary exiles","Mexico—History","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Confederate States of America—International relations","Confederate States of America. Navy—Officers—Correspondence","Virginia Military Institute—Faculty—19th century","Virginia Military Institute—Faculty—Biography","American Confederate voluntary exiles","Mexico—History","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["175 items"],"extent_tesim":["175 items"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions"],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Matthew Fontaine Maury papers are avaliable \u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/landingpage/collection/p15821coll6\"\u003eonline\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Online Access"],"altformavail_tesim":["The Matthew Fontaine Maury papers are avaliable online."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMatthew Fontaine Maury (1806-1873) was a naval officer and oceanographer known as the \"Pathfinder of the Seas.\" He was notable for his pioneering scientific work in the fields of navigation, hydrography, and meteorology. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaury joined the United States Navy at age 19, and in 1842 was named head of the Navy's Hydrographical Office and of the United State Naval Observatory. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBeginning in the 1830s, he published a number of significant works on the Gulf Stream, ocean currents, and navigation. He was also involved in research concerning deep-sea sounding and transoceanic cables.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA native of Virginia, Maury resigned his commission as a Commander in the United States Navy at the outbreak of Civil War in April 1861. He entered the Confederate Navy and undertook research into the new technology of torpedo warfare. He was subsequently ordered to England as a special agent with instructions to purchase ships for the Confederate government.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAt War's end, he was enroute to the United States with a cargo of torpedo equipment when, upon arriving in port at Havana, Cuba, he learned that the War had ended. Maury then went to Mexico, where he served Emperor Maximilian and later returned to England where he worked until 1868.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe last five years of Maury's life were spent as a Professor of Physics at VMI in Lexington, Virginia. At VMI, Maury did not have regular classroom duties, but instead gave occasional lectures to the cadets and was primarily involved in overseeing an extensive physical survey of Virginia. He died in 1873.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Matthew Fontaine Maury (1806-1873) was a naval officer and oceanographer known as the \"Pathfinder of the Seas.\" He was notable for his pioneering scientific work in the fields of navigation, hydrography, and meteorology.","Maury joined the United States Navy at age 19, and in 1842 was named head of the Navy's Hydrographical Office and of the United State Naval Observatory.","Beginning in the 1830s, he published a number of significant works on the Gulf Stream, ocean currents, and navigation. He was also involved in research concerning deep-sea sounding and transoceanic cables.","A native of Virginia, Maury resigned his commission as a Commander in the United States Navy at the outbreak of Civil War in April 1861. He entered the Confederate Navy and undertook research into the new technology of torpedo warfare. He was subsequently ordered to England as a special agent with instructions to purchase ships for the Confederate government.","At War's end, he was enroute to the United States with a cargo of torpedo equipment when, upon arriving in port at Havana, Cuba, he learned that the War had ended. Maury then went to Mexico, where he served Emperor Maximilian and later returned to England where he worked until 1868.","The last five years of Maury's life were spent as a Professor of Physics at VMI in Lexington, Virginia. At VMI, Maury did not have regular classroom duties, but instead gave occasional lectures to the cadets and was primarily involved in overseeing an extensive physical survey of Virginia. He died in 1873."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMatthew Fontaine Maury papers, MS 0103, Virginia Military Institute Archives, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Matthew Fontaine Maury papers, MS 0103, Virginia Military Institute Archives, Lexington, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Matthew Fontaine Maury papers consist primarily of letters written by Maury to various members of his family, including daughter Diana Fontaine Corbin (Maury) (1837-1900), son-in-law Spotswood Wellford Corbin (1835-1897), and wife Ann Hull Maury (Herndon) (1811-1901). Other correspondents include Maximilian (1832-1867), Emperor of Mexico, and Empress Carlotta.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to personal and domestic matters, topics include:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLecture series\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCareer at the National Observatory in Washington, D.C.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConfederate service in Richmond, Virginia\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eActivities in England\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eColonization efforts in Mexico\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProfessorship at VMI\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e   \nThe papers also include related correspondence and printed material.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Matthew Fontaine Maury papers consist primarily of letters written by Maury to various members of his family, including daughter Diana Fontaine Corbin (Maury) (1837-1900), son-in-law Spotswood Wellford Corbin (1835-1897), and wife Ann Hull Maury (Herndon) (1811-1901). Other correspondents include Maximilian (1832-1867), Emperor of Mexico, and Empress Carlotta.","In addition to personal and domestic matters, topics include:\n\nLecture series\nCareer at the National Observatory in Washington, D.C.\nConfederate service in Richmond, Virginia\nActivities in England\nColonization efforts in Mexico\nProfessorship at VMI\n   \nThe papers also include related correspondence and printed material."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_fd2a03b38d0537639ba5d5a285e66e93\"\u003eManuscripts Stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts Stacks"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Maury, Matthew Fontaine, 1806-1873","Maury, Ann Hull (Herndon), 1811-1901","Corbin, Diana Fontaine (Maury), 1837-1900","Corbin, Spotswood Wellford, 1835-1897","Maximilian, Emperor of Mexico, 1832-1867","Smith, Francis H. 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Document announces an offer to Confederate settlers to purchase the estate of Santa Anna.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_593_c01_c77#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_593_c01_c77","ref_ssm":["vilxv_repositories_3_resources_593_c01_c77"],"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_593_c01_c77","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_593","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_593","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_593_c01","parent_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_593_c01","parent_ssim":["Matthew Fontaine Maury papers, 1833/1873","Correspondence, family, 1840/1872"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vilxv_repositories_3_resources_593","vilxv_repositories_3_resources_593_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"Document","title_ssm":["Document"],"title_tesim":["Document"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Document, 1865"],"text":["Document, 1865","Matthew Fontaine Maury papers, 1833/1873","Correspondence, family, 1840/1872","Mexico—History","Correspondence","English.","An offer of 350,00 acres of land is made to Confederate settlers who wish to establish themselves in Mexico.","These lands the most fertile of the Empire, are crossed by three rivers. They are situated on the line of rail-road from Vera Cruz to the Capital, and are near the road from V Cruz to Jalapa. They are in the healthy part of Sierra Caliente, and produce equally well coffee, cocoa, indigo, cotton and sugar cane, as well as all the tropical fruits and vegetables.","The proprietor will sell them to settlers as soon as the letter shall have filled with the Agents of Colonization in the United States or Mexico subscriptions for 200,000 acres at the following rate:\nThe first 50,000 acres chosen at ---- $1.75\n\" second \" \" \" \" ---- 1.50\n\" third \" \" \" \" ---- 1.25\n\" fourth \" \" \" \" ---- 1.00","The first subscribers will have the right to choose at the above rates with the understanding that not less than 320 acres shall be sold to any of them.","When the 200,00 acres shall have been subscribed for, and chosen the rest shall be sold at a price to be agreed upon between the seller and the purchaser.","The payments shall be made in the following manner:\nThe third part of the value shall be paid in cash at Mexico, Ver Cruz or New Orleans. The rest thereof shall be paid in four years time causing the payments thereof to be effected in equal parts and yearly, that is to say one sixth of the value of the property adding thereto the interest at the rate of six percent.","As villages and towns will be formed on these lands, a lot will be given gratis to each settler in said villages or towns. Said lots shall be chosen and allotted by Mr. Maury the Imperial Commissioner of Colonization.","The surveying and the cost of the title of the property will be at the expense of the settlers.","City of Mexico\nDec 9th 1865-","Written from Mexico. Document announces an offer to Confederate settlers to purchase the estate of Santa Anna."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Matthew Fontaine Maury papers, 1833/1873","Correspondence, family, 1840/1872"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Matthew Fontaine Maury papers, 1833/1873","Correspondence, family, 1840/1872"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1865"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1865 December 9"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":78,"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Matthew Fontaine Maury papers, 1833/1873"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no restrictions"],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Mexico—History","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Mexico—History","Correspondence"],"language_ssim":["English."],"date_range_isim":[1865],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAn offer of 350,00 acres of land is made to Confederate settlers who wish to establish themselves in Mexico.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese lands the most fertile of the Empire, are crossed by three rivers. They are situated on the line of rail-road from Vera Cruz to the Capital, and are near the road from V Cruz to Jalapa. They are in the healthy part of Sierra Caliente, and produce equally well coffee, cocoa, indigo, cotton and sugar cane, as well as all the tropical fruits and vegetables.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe proprietor will sell them to settlers as soon as the letter shall have filled with the Agents of Colonization in the United States or Mexico subscriptions for 200,000 acres at the following rate:\u003cbr\u003e\nThe first 50,000 acres chosen at ---- $1.75\u003cbr\u003e\n\" second \" \" \" \" ---- 1.50\u003cbr\u003e\n\" third \" \" \" \" ---- 1.25\u003cbr\u003e\n\" fourth \" \" \" \" ---- 1.00\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe first subscribers will have the right to choose at the above rates with the understanding that not less than 320 acres shall be sold to any of them.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhen the 200,00 acres shall have been subscribed for, and chosen the rest shall be sold at a price to be agreed upon between the seller and the purchaser.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe payments shall be made in the following manner:\u003cbr\u003e\nThe third part of the value shall be paid in cash at Mexico, Ver Cruz or New Orleans. The rest thereof shall be paid in four years time causing the payments thereof to be effected in equal parts and yearly, that is to say one sixth of the value of the property adding thereto the interest at the rate of six percent.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs villages and towns will be formed on these lands, a lot will be given gratis to each settler in said villages or towns. Said lots shall be chosen and allotted by Mr. Maury the Imperial Commissioner of Colonization.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe surveying and the cost of the title of the property will be at the expense of the settlers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCity of Mexico\u003cbr\u003e\nDec 9th 1865-\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Transcription"],"odd_tesim":["An offer of 350,00 acres of land is made to Confederate settlers who wish to establish themselves in Mexico.","These lands the most fertile of the Empire, are crossed by three rivers. They are situated on the line of rail-road from Vera Cruz to the Capital, and are near the road from V Cruz to Jalapa. They are in the healthy part of Sierra Caliente, and produce equally well coffee, cocoa, indigo, cotton and sugar cane, as well as all the tropical fruits and vegetables.","The proprietor will sell them to settlers as soon as the letter shall have filled with the Agents of Colonization in the United States or Mexico subscriptions for 200,000 acres at the following rate:\nThe first 50,000 acres chosen at ---- $1.75\n\" second \" \" \" \" ---- 1.50\n\" third \" \" \" \" ---- 1.25\n\" fourth \" \" \" \" ---- 1.00","The first subscribers will have the right to choose at the above rates with the understanding that not less than 320 acres shall be sold to any of them.","When the 200,00 acres shall have been subscribed for, and chosen the rest shall be sold at a price to be agreed upon between the seller and the purchaser.","The payments shall be made in the following manner:\nThe third part of the value shall be paid in cash at Mexico, Ver Cruz or New Orleans. The rest thereof shall be paid in four years time causing the payments thereof to be effected in equal parts and yearly, that is to say one sixth of the value of the property adding thereto the interest at the rate of six percent.","As villages and towns will be formed on these lands, a lot will be given gratis to each settler in said villages or towns. Said lots shall be chosen and allotted by Mr. Maury the Imperial Commissioner of Colonization.","The surveying and the cost of the title of the property will be at the expense of the settlers.","City of Mexico\nDec 9th 1865-"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWritten from Mexico. Document announces an offer to Confederate settlers to purchase the estate of Santa Anna.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Written from Mexico. Document announces an offer to Confederate settlers to purchase the estate of Santa Anna."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#76","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:23:37.080Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_593","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_593","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_593","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_593","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_593.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vmi/vilxv00010.xml","title_ssm":["Matthew Fontaine Maury papers"],"title_tesim":["Matthew Fontaine Maury papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1833-1873"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1833-1873"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1833/1873"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Matthew Fontaine Maury papers, 1833/1873"],"text":["Matthew Fontaine Maury papers, 1833/1873","MS.0103","/repositories/3/resources/593","Confederate States of America—International relations","Confederate States of America. Navy—Officers—Correspondence","Virginia Military Institute—Faculty—19th century","Virginia Military Institute—Faculty—Biography","American Confederate voluntary exiles","Mexico—History","Correspondence","There are no restrictions","The Matthew Fontaine Maury papers are avaliable online.","Matthew Fontaine Maury (1806-1873) was a naval officer and oceanographer known as the \"Pathfinder of the Seas.\" He was notable for his pioneering scientific work in the fields of navigation, hydrography, and meteorology.","Maury joined the United States Navy at age 19, and in 1842 was named head of the Navy's Hydrographical Office and of the United State Naval Observatory.","Beginning in the 1830s, he published a number of significant works on the Gulf Stream, ocean currents, and navigation. He was also involved in research concerning deep-sea sounding and transoceanic cables.","A native of Virginia, Maury resigned his commission as a Commander in the United States Navy at the outbreak of Civil War in April 1861. He entered the Confederate Navy and undertook research into the new technology of torpedo warfare. He was subsequently ordered to England as a special agent with instructions to purchase ships for the Confederate government.","At War's end, he was enroute to the United States with a cargo of torpedo equipment when, upon arriving in port at Havana, Cuba, he learned that the War had ended. Maury then went to Mexico, where he served Emperor Maximilian and later returned to England where he worked until 1868.","The last five years of Maury's life were spent as a Professor of Physics at VMI in Lexington, Virginia. At VMI, Maury did not have regular classroom duties, but instead gave occasional lectures to the cadets and was primarily involved in overseeing an extensive physical survey of Virginia. He died in 1873.","The Matthew Fontaine Maury papers consist primarily of letters written by Maury to various members of his family, including daughter Diana Fontaine Corbin (Maury) (1837-1900), son-in-law Spotswood Wellford Corbin (1835-1897), and wife Ann Hull Maury (Herndon) (1811-1901). Other correspondents include Maximilian (1832-1867), Emperor of Mexico, and Empress Carlotta.","In addition to personal and domestic matters, topics include:\n\nLecture series\nCareer at the National Observatory in Washington, D.C.\nConfederate service in Richmond, Virginia\nActivities in England\nColonization efforts in Mexico\nProfessorship at VMI\n   \nThe papers also include related correspondence and printed material.","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. 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He was also involved in research concerning deep-sea sounding and transoceanic cables.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA native of Virginia, Maury resigned his commission as a Commander in the United States Navy at the outbreak of Civil War in April 1861. He entered the Confederate Navy and undertook research into the new technology of torpedo warfare. He was subsequently ordered to England as a special agent with instructions to purchase ships for the Confederate government.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAt War's end, he was enroute to the United States with a cargo of torpedo equipment when, upon arriving in port at Havana, Cuba, he learned that the War had ended. Maury then went to Mexico, where he served Emperor Maximilian and later returned to England where he worked until 1868.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe last five years of Maury's life were spent as a Professor of Physics at VMI in Lexington, Virginia. At VMI, Maury did not have regular classroom duties, but instead gave occasional lectures to the cadets and was primarily involved in overseeing an extensive physical survey of Virginia. He died in 1873.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Matthew Fontaine Maury (1806-1873) was a naval officer and oceanographer known as the \"Pathfinder of the Seas.\" He was notable for his pioneering scientific work in the fields of navigation, hydrography, and meteorology.","Maury joined the United States Navy at age 19, and in 1842 was named head of the Navy's Hydrographical Office and of the United State Naval Observatory.","Beginning in the 1830s, he published a number of significant works on the Gulf Stream, ocean currents, and navigation. 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At VMI, Maury did not have regular classroom duties, but instead gave occasional lectures to the cadets and was primarily involved in overseeing an extensive physical survey of Virginia. He died in 1873."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMatthew Fontaine Maury papers, MS 0103, Virginia Military Institute Archives, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Matthew Fontaine Maury papers, MS 0103, Virginia Military Institute Archives, Lexington, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Matthew Fontaine Maury papers consist primarily of letters written by Maury to various members of his family, including daughter Diana Fontaine Corbin (Maury) (1837-1900), son-in-law Spotswood Wellford Corbin (1835-1897), and wife Ann Hull Maury (Herndon) (1811-1901). Other correspondents include Maximilian (1832-1867), Emperor of Mexico, and Empress Carlotta.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to personal and domestic matters, topics include:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLecture series\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCareer at the National Observatory in Washington, D.C.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConfederate service in Richmond, Virginia\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eActivities in England\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eColonization efforts in Mexico\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProfessorship at VMI\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e   \nThe papers also include related correspondence and printed material.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Matthew Fontaine Maury papers consist primarily of letters written by Maury to various members of his family, including daughter Diana Fontaine Corbin (Maury) (1837-1900), son-in-law Spotswood Wellford Corbin (1835-1897), and wife Ann Hull Maury (Herndon) (1811-1901). Other correspondents include Maximilian (1832-1867), Emperor of Mexico, and Empress Carlotta.","In addition to personal and domestic matters, topics include:\n\nLecture series\nCareer at the National Observatory in Washington, D.C.\nConfederate service in Richmond, Virginia\nActivities in England\nColonization efforts in Mexico\nProfessorship at VMI\n   \nThe papers also include related correspondence and printed material."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_fd2a03b38d0537639ba5d5a285e66e93\"\u003eManuscripts Stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts Stacks"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Maury, Matthew Fontaine, 1806-1873","Maury, Ann Hull (Herndon), 1811-1901","Corbin, Diana Fontaine (Maury), 1837-1900","Corbin, Spotswood Wellford, 1835-1897","Maximilian, Emperor of Mexico, 1832-1867","Smith, Francis H. 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Document concerns an offer to Confederate settlers to purchase the estate of Santa Anna.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_593_c01_c78#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_593_c01_c78","ref_ssm":["vilxv_repositories_3_resources_593_c01_c78"],"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_593_c01_c78","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_593","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_593","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_593_c01","parent_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_593_c01","parent_ssim":["Matthew Fontaine Maury papers, 1833/1873","Correspondence, family, 1840/1872"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vilxv_repositories_3_resources_593","vilxv_repositories_3_resources_593_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"Document","title_ssm":["Document"],"title_tesim":["Document"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Document, 1865"],"text":["Document, 1865","Matthew Fontaine Maury papers, 1833/1873","Correspondence, family, 1840/1872","Mexico—History","Correspondence","English.","Colonization Office\n13 San Juan de Letran Mexico\nDec 10th 1865","The Hacienda offered herewith known to have been one of the finest and most celebrated in Mexico It presents, especially to the former planters of the South, a fine opportunity for establishing a flourishing American settlement. Those who are disposed to visit the country for the purpose of colonizing it under the Imperial Decree to promote immigration will receive every encouragement from this Office. The offer is made by respectable\nparties, and persons wishing to treat, will be put in communication by addressing the Commissioner","Apprentices as per Imperial Decree of September 5th 1865 would do well here, though there is no lack of native labour.","M.F. Maury\nImperial Commissioner","Written from theColonization Office, Mexico. Document concerns an offer to Confederate settlers to purchase the estate of Santa Anna."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Matthew Fontaine Maury papers, 1833/1873","Correspondence, family, 1840/1872"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Matthew Fontaine Maury papers, 1833/1873","Correspondence, family, 1840/1872"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1865"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1865 December 10"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":79,"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Matthew Fontaine Maury papers, 1833/1873"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no restrictions"],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Mexico—History","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Mexico—History","Correspondence"],"language_ssim":["English."],"date_range_isim":[1865],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eColonization Office\u003cbr\u003e\n13 San Juan de Letran Mexico\u003cbr\u003e\nDec 10th 1865\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Hacienda offered herewith known to have been one of the finest and most celebrated in Mexico It presents, especially to the former planters of the South, a fine opportunity for establishing a flourishing American settlement. Those who are disposed to visit the country for the purpose of colonizing it under the Imperial Decree to promote immigration will receive every encouragement from this Office. The offer is made by respectable\nparties, and persons wishing to treat, will be put in communication by addressing the Commissioner\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApprentices as per Imperial Decree of September 5th 1865 would do well here, though there is no lack of native labour.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eM.F. Maury\u003cbr\u003e\nImperial Commissioner\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Transcription"],"odd_tesim":["Colonization Office\n13 San Juan de Letran Mexico\nDec 10th 1865","The Hacienda offered herewith known to have been one of the finest and most celebrated in Mexico It presents, especially to the former planters of the South, a fine opportunity for establishing a flourishing American settlement. Those who are disposed to visit the country for the purpose of colonizing it under the Imperial Decree to promote immigration will receive every encouragement from this Office. The offer is made by respectable\nparties, and persons wishing to treat, will be put in communication by addressing the Commissioner","Apprentices as per Imperial Decree of September 5th 1865 would do well here, though there is no lack of native labour.","M.F. Maury\nImperial Commissioner"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWritten from theColonization Office, Mexico. Document concerns an offer to Confederate settlers to purchase the estate of Santa Anna.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Written from theColonization Office, Mexico. Document concerns an offer to Confederate settlers to purchase the estate of Santa Anna."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#77","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:23:37.080Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_593","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_593","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_593","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_593","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_593.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vmi/vilxv00010.xml","title_ssm":["Matthew Fontaine Maury papers"],"title_tesim":["Matthew Fontaine Maury papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1833-1873"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1833-1873"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1833/1873"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Matthew Fontaine Maury papers, 1833/1873"],"text":["Matthew Fontaine Maury papers, 1833/1873","MS.0103","/repositories/3/resources/593","Confederate States of America—International relations","Confederate States of America. Navy—Officers—Correspondence","Virginia Military Institute—Faculty—19th century","Virginia Military Institute—Faculty—Biography","American Confederate voluntary exiles","Mexico—History","Correspondence","There are no restrictions","The Matthew Fontaine Maury papers are avaliable online.","Matthew Fontaine Maury (1806-1873) was a naval officer and oceanographer known as the \"Pathfinder of the Seas.\" He was notable for his pioneering scientific work in the fields of navigation, hydrography, and meteorology.","Maury joined the United States Navy at age 19, and in 1842 was named head of the Navy's Hydrographical Office and of the United State Naval Observatory.","Beginning in the 1830s, he published a number of significant works on the Gulf Stream, ocean currents, and navigation. He was also involved in research concerning deep-sea sounding and transoceanic cables.","A native of Virginia, Maury resigned his commission as a Commander in the United States Navy at the outbreak of Civil War in April 1861. He entered the Confederate Navy and undertook research into the new technology of torpedo warfare. He was subsequently ordered to England as a special agent with instructions to purchase ships for the Confederate government.","At War's end, he was enroute to the United States with a cargo of torpedo equipment when, upon arriving in port at Havana, Cuba, he learned that the War had ended. Maury then went to Mexico, where he served Emperor Maximilian and later returned to England where he worked until 1868.","The last five years of Maury's life were spent as a Professor of Physics at VMI in Lexington, Virginia. At VMI, Maury did not have regular classroom duties, but instead gave occasional lectures to the cadets and was primarily involved in overseeing an extensive physical survey of Virginia. He died in 1873.","The Matthew Fontaine Maury papers consist primarily of letters written by Maury to various members of his family, including daughter Diana Fontaine Corbin (Maury) (1837-1900), son-in-law Spotswood Wellford Corbin (1835-1897), and wife Ann Hull Maury (Herndon) (1811-1901). Other correspondents include Maximilian (1832-1867), Emperor of Mexico, and Empress Carlotta.","In addition to personal and domestic matters, topics include:\n\nLecture series\nCareer at the National Observatory in Washington, D.C.\nConfederate service in Richmond, Virginia\nActivities in England\nColonization efforts in Mexico\nProfessorship at VMI\n   \nThe papers also include related correspondence and printed material.","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information","Manuscripts Stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Maury, Matthew Fontaine, 1806-1873","Maury, Ann Hull (Herndon), 1811-1901","Corbin, Diana Fontaine (Maury), 1837-1900","Corbin, Spotswood Wellford, 1835-1897","Maximilian, Emperor of Mexico, 1832-1867","Smith, Francis H. 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Navy—Officers—Correspondence","Virginia Military Institute—Faculty—19th century","Virginia Military Institute—Faculty—Biography","American Confederate voluntary exiles","Mexico—History","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Confederate States of America—International relations","Confederate States of America. 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He was also involved in research concerning deep-sea sounding and transoceanic cables.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA native of Virginia, Maury resigned his commission as a Commander in the United States Navy at the outbreak of Civil War in April 1861. He entered the Confederate Navy and undertook research into the new technology of torpedo warfare. He was subsequently ordered to England as a special agent with instructions to purchase ships for the Confederate government.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAt War's end, he was enroute to the United States with a cargo of torpedo equipment when, upon arriving in port at Havana, Cuba, he learned that the War had ended. Maury then went to Mexico, where he served Emperor Maximilian and later returned to England where he worked until 1868.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe last five years of Maury's life were spent as a Professor of Physics at VMI in Lexington, Virginia. At VMI, Maury did not have regular classroom duties, but instead gave occasional lectures to the cadets and was primarily involved in overseeing an extensive physical survey of Virginia. He died in 1873.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Matthew Fontaine Maury (1806-1873) was a naval officer and oceanographer known as the \"Pathfinder of the Seas.\" He was notable for his pioneering scientific work in the fields of navigation, hydrography, and meteorology.","Maury joined the United States Navy at age 19, and in 1842 was named head of the Navy's Hydrographical Office and of the United State Naval Observatory.","Beginning in the 1830s, he published a number of significant works on the Gulf Stream, ocean currents, and navigation. He was also involved in research concerning deep-sea sounding and transoceanic cables.","A native of Virginia, Maury resigned his commission as a Commander in the United States Navy at the outbreak of Civil War in April 1861. He entered the Confederate Navy and undertook research into the new technology of torpedo warfare. He was subsequently ordered to England as a special agent with instructions to purchase ships for the Confederate government.","At War's end, he was enroute to the United States with a cargo of torpedo equipment when, upon arriving in port at Havana, Cuba, he learned that the War had ended. Maury then went to Mexico, where he served Emperor Maximilian and later returned to England where he worked until 1868.","The last five years of Maury's life were spent as a Professor of Physics at VMI in Lexington, Virginia. At VMI, Maury did not have regular classroom duties, but instead gave occasional lectures to the cadets and was primarily involved in overseeing an extensive physical survey of Virginia. He died in 1873."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMatthew Fontaine Maury papers, MS 0103, Virginia Military Institute Archives, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Matthew Fontaine Maury papers, MS 0103, Virginia Military Institute Archives, Lexington, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Matthew Fontaine Maury papers consist primarily of letters written by Maury to various members of his family, including daughter Diana Fontaine Corbin (Maury) (1837-1900), son-in-law Spotswood Wellford Corbin (1835-1897), and wife Ann Hull Maury (Herndon) (1811-1901). Other correspondents include Maximilian (1832-1867), Emperor of Mexico, and Empress Carlotta.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to personal and domestic matters, topics include:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLecture series\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCareer at the National Observatory in Washington, D.C.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConfederate service in Richmond, Virginia\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eActivities in England\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eColonization efforts in Mexico\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProfessorship at VMI\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e   \nThe papers also include related correspondence and printed material.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Matthew Fontaine Maury papers consist primarily of letters written by Maury to various members of his family, including daughter Diana Fontaine Corbin (Maury) (1837-1900), son-in-law Spotswood Wellford Corbin (1835-1897), and wife Ann Hull Maury (Herndon) (1811-1901). Other correspondents include Maximilian (1832-1867), Emperor of Mexico, and Empress Carlotta.","In addition to personal and domestic matters, topics include:\n\nLecture series\nCareer at the National Observatory in Washington, D.C.\nConfederate service in Richmond, Virginia\nActivities in England\nColonization efforts in Mexico\nProfessorship at VMI\n   \nThe papers also include related correspondence and printed material."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. 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I have seen New York papers of 2nd. Taking for true what they say this Confederacy has come to a miserable wreck. I write this now for the chance of finding in Havana a vessel ready to take it away. Brave, will go home from Havana, but it will take a day or two there for him to get thro' with his business. In the mean time my friends will be anxious to know what I intend to do. I do not know where they are. I take the liberty of sending this to you thinking you will guess whence it comes, and hoping you will not consider it inconsistent with your new relations, to give it the proper direction.","I was utterly astounded at the brick-row tumble of our armies; and at the ignoble end of the Confederacy I am grieved and mortified beyond expression, My friends will know to whom and to what I attribute the great calamities that have been brought upon us. They need not have been. But as gloomy as the record is, and as black as is the mirror of the future, now is the time to be stout and brave and to rub it bright. The soil of Virginia has now for me no charms save those which memory flings around it. At present it is red with blood and bitter with the tears of those who were and are very precious, and its future is black with misery and utterly horrid. I have no wish to see it, and long to withdraw from it those who graced it, and those who made it very dear to my heart. In my judgment the only course that becomes them and that is left to those noble sons and daughters who have graced the fall of the noble old state is expatriation. There are too many voices coming up in bloody, to cry from her battlefields to admit any to tarry there now, who can get away. And I go from Havana with the design of finding for them a new country, and of obtaining such advantages as will induce 1000s to come. And among the first are my wife's brothers my own kin and our immediate friends especially such as those of Ridgway and others. Please consult your friend [L.E.] upon this subject. The discussion of it involves many considerations, considerations not so much of the present as of the future. The future of every true hearted Virginian is a life dragged out under the yoke amidst secret spies and truculent informers. Remaining on the [soil] their doom is that of a proscribed race.","The best service that I can now make the state is to propose an asylum to which her sons can flee and sit under their own vines and fig trees. Your nephew goes home over for the purpose of developing our plans and with the hope of seeing it received with favor by those whose presence and society would make us at home in any country. My wife has a diamond and [chain]. They will tell her if she will consult them who I seek to plant that home.","I wish 2 you would join me, if possible, and for several reasons - One is he is a better farmer than I am, and another is I shall if at all successful have more to do that I can attend to. Discuss the subject frankly and freely among our own friends, but privately and by letter, not publically nor in print, until I have something clear and definite to propose - which I hope to be at least this much:- [Leave] to come into the country with our effects\nwithout any duties of any sort, a grant of Lands exemption for a term of years from taxation and military conscription \u0026. Perhaps other terms more or less advantageous may be obtained. In the mean time broach the subject to the two generals, big and little - to Will's uncles and brothers, to Jessie, to the \"Squires\" boys and his sisters - to Jno. B. his brothers and nephews to Frank and his and their whole circle of friends - not forgetting mechanics of various sorts. I hope to be ready for the pioneers to come early in the winter if not before. They can make ready for a larger number to follow a few months later and they for a still larger number and soon. Tell L.E. I intend to pick out a settlement so sickly that everybody will want the Doctor and pay him too and so healthy that the old people will just dry up and blow away. Hey Ho!","Written from \"Off San Domingo.\" Letter regards the end of the Civil War."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Matthew Fontaine Maury papers, 1833/1873","Correspondence, family, 1840/1872"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Matthew Fontaine Maury papers, 1833/1873","Correspondence, family, 1840/1872"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1865"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1865 May 19"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":68,"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Matthew Fontaine Maury papers, 1833/1873"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no restrictions"],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information"],"access_subjects_ssim":["United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Correspondence"],"language_ssim":["English."],"date_range_isim":[1865],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOff San Domingo\u003cbr\u003e\n19 May 1865\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMy dear Sir:\u003cbr\u003e\nWe expect to be in Havana next Monday. I have seen New York papers of 2nd. Taking for true what they say this Confederacy has come to a miserable wreck. I write this now for the chance of finding in Havana a vessel ready to take it away. Brave, will go home from Havana, but it will take a day or two there for him to get thro' with his business. In the mean time my friends will be anxious to know what I intend to do. I do not know where they are. I take the liberty of sending this to you thinking you will guess whence it comes, and hoping you will not consider it inconsistent with your new relations, to give it the proper direction.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI was utterly astounded at the brick-row tumble of our armies; and at the ignoble end of the Confederacy I am grieved and mortified beyond expression, My friends will know to whom and to what I attribute the great calamities that have been brought upon us. They need not have been. But as gloomy as the record is, and as black as is the mirror of the future, now is the time to be stout and brave and to rub it bright. The soil of Virginia has now for me no charms save those which memory flings around it. At present it is red with blood and bitter with the tears of those who were and are very precious, and its future is black with misery and utterly horrid. I have no wish to see it, and long to withdraw from it those who graced it, and those who made it very dear to my heart. In my judgment the only course that becomes them and that is left to those noble sons and daughters who have graced the fall of the noble old state is expatriation. There are too many voices coming up in bloody, to cry from her battlefields to admit any to tarry there now, who can get away. And I go from Havana with the design of finding for them a new country, and of obtaining such advantages as will induce 1000s to come. And among the first are my wife's brothers my own kin and our immediate friends especially such as those of Ridgway and others. Please consult your friend [L.E.] upon this subject. The discussion of it involves many considerations, considerations not so much of the present as of the future. The future of every true hearted Virginian is a life dragged out under the yoke amidst secret spies and truculent informers. Remaining on the [soil] their doom is that of a proscribed race.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe best service that I can now make the state is to propose an asylum to which her sons can flee and sit under their own vines and fig trees. Your nephew goes home over for the purpose of developing our plans and with the hope of seeing it received with favor by those whose presence and society would make us at home in any country. My wife has a diamond and [chain]. They will tell her if she will consult them who I seek to plant that home.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI wish 2 you would join me, if possible, and for several reasons - One is he is a better farmer than I am, and another is I shall if at all successful have more to do that I can attend to. Discuss the subject frankly and freely among our own friends, but privately and by letter, not publically nor in print, until I have something clear and definite to propose - which I hope to be at least this much:- [Leave] to come into the country with our effects\nwithout any duties of any sort, a grant of Lands exemption for a term of years from taxation and military conscription \u0026amp;. Perhaps other terms more or less advantageous may be obtained. In the mean time broach the subject to the two generals, big and little - to Will's uncles and brothers, to Jessie, to the \"Squires\" boys and his sisters - to Jno. B. his brothers and nephews to Frank and his and their whole circle of friends - not forgetting mechanics of various sorts. I hope to be ready for the pioneers to come early in the winter if not before. They can make ready for a larger number to follow a few months later and they for a still larger number and soon. Tell L.E. I intend to pick out a settlement so sickly that everybody will want the Doctor and pay him too and so healthy that the old people will just dry up and blow away. Hey Ho!\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["Off San Domingo\n19 May 1865","My dear Sir:\nWe expect to be in Havana next Monday. I have seen New York papers of 2nd. Taking for true what they say this Confederacy has come to a miserable wreck. I write this now for the chance of finding in Havana a vessel ready to take it away. Brave, will go home from Havana, but it will take a day or two there for him to get thro' with his business. In the mean time my friends will be anxious to know what I intend to do. I do not know where they are. I take the liberty of sending this to you thinking you will guess whence it comes, and hoping you will not consider it inconsistent with your new relations, to give it the proper direction.","I was utterly astounded at the brick-row tumble of our armies; and at the ignoble end of the Confederacy I am grieved and mortified beyond expression, My friends will know to whom and to what I attribute the great calamities that have been brought upon us. They need not have been. But as gloomy as the record is, and as black as is the mirror of the future, now is the time to be stout and brave and to rub it bright. The soil of Virginia has now for me no charms save those which memory flings around it. At present it is red with blood and bitter with the tears of those who were and are very precious, and its future is black with misery and utterly horrid. I have no wish to see it, and long to withdraw from it those who graced it, and those who made it very dear to my heart. In my judgment the only course that becomes them and that is left to those noble sons and daughters who have graced the fall of the noble old state is expatriation. There are too many voices coming up in bloody, to cry from her battlefields to admit any to tarry there now, who can get away. And I go from Havana with the design of finding for them a new country, and of obtaining such advantages as will induce 1000s to come. And among the first are my wife's brothers my own kin and our immediate friends especially such as those of Ridgway and others. Please consult your friend [L.E.] upon this subject. The discussion of it involves many considerations, considerations not so much of the present as of the future. The future of every true hearted Virginian is a life dragged out under the yoke amidst secret spies and truculent informers. Remaining on the [soil] their doom is that of a proscribed race.","The best service that I can now make the state is to propose an asylum to which her sons can flee and sit under their own vines and fig trees. Your nephew goes home over for the purpose of developing our plans and with the hope of seeing it received with favor by those whose presence and society would make us at home in any country. My wife has a diamond and [chain]. They will tell her if she will consult them who I seek to plant that home.","I wish 2 you would join me, if possible, and for several reasons - One is he is a better farmer than I am, and another is I shall if at all successful have more to do that I can attend to. Discuss the subject frankly and freely among our own friends, but privately and by letter, not publically nor in print, until I have something clear and definite to propose - which I hope to be at least this much:- [Leave] to come into the country with our effects\nwithout any duties of any sort, a grant of Lands exemption for a term of years from taxation and military conscription \u0026. Perhaps other terms more or less advantageous may be obtained. In the mean time broach the subject to the two generals, big and little - to Will's uncles and brothers, to Jessie, to the \"Squires\" boys and his sisters - to Jno. B. his brothers and nephews to Frank and his and their whole circle of friends - not forgetting mechanics of various sorts. I hope to be ready for the pioneers to come early in the winter if not before. They can make ready for a larger number to follow a few months later and they for a still larger number and soon. Tell L.E. I intend to pick out a settlement so sickly that everybody will want the Doctor and pay him too and so healthy that the old people will just dry up and blow away. Hey Ho!"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Off San Domingo.\" Letter regards the end of the Civil War.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Written from \"Off San Domingo.\" Letter regards the end of the Civil War."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#66","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:23:37.080Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_593","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_593","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_593","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_593","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_593.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vmi/vilxv00010.xml","title_ssm":["Matthew Fontaine Maury papers"],"title_tesim":["Matthew Fontaine Maury papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1833-1873"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1833-1873"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1833/1873"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Matthew Fontaine Maury papers, 1833/1873"],"text":["Matthew Fontaine Maury papers, 1833/1873","MS.0103","/repositories/3/resources/593","Confederate States of America—International relations","Confederate States of America. 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He was also involved in research concerning deep-sea sounding and transoceanic cables.","A native of Virginia, Maury resigned his commission as a Commander in the United States Navy at the outbreak of Civil War in April 1861. He entered the Confederate Navy and undertook research into the new technology of torpedo warfare. He was subsequently ordered to England as a special agent with instructions to purchase ships for the Confederate government.","At War's end, he was enroute to the United States with a cargo of torpedo equipment when, upon arriving in port at Havana, Cuba, he learned that the War had ended. Maury then went to Mexico, where he served Emperor Maximilian and later returned to England where he worked until 1868.","The last five years of Maury's life were spent as a Professor of Physics at VMI in Lexington, Virginia. At VMI, Maury did not have regular classroom duties, but instead gave occasional lectures to the cadets and was primarily involved in overseeing an extensive physical survey of Virginia. He died in 1873.","The Matthew Fontaine Maury papers consist primarily of letters written by Maury to various members of his family, including daughter Diana Fontaine Corbin (Maury) (1837-1900), son-in-law Spotswood Wellford Corbin (1835-1897), and wife Ann Hull Maury (Herndon) (1811-1901). Other correspondents include Maximilian (1832-1867), Emperor of Mexico, and Empress Carlotta.","In addition to personal and domestic matters, topics include:\n\nLecture series\nCareer at the National Observatory in Washington, D.C.\nConfederate service in Richmond, Virginia\nActivities in England\nColonization efforts in Mexico\nProfessorship at VMI\n   \nThe papers also include related correspondence and printed material.","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. 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He was also involved in research concerning deep-sea sounding and transoceanic cables.","A native of Virginia, Maury resigned his commission as a Commander in the United States Navy at the outbreak of Civil War in April 1861. He entered the Confederate Navy and undertook research into the new technology of torpedo warfare. He was subsequently ordered to England as a special agent with instructions to purchase ships for the Confederate government.","At War's end, he was enroute to the United States with a cargo of torpedo equipment when, upon arriving in port at Havana, Cuba, he learned that the War had ended. Maury then went to Mexico, where he served Emperor Maximilian and later returned to England where he worked until 1868.","The last five years of Maury's life were spent as a Professor of Physics at VMI in Lexington, Virginia. 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