{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=James+C.+Turk+Papers%2C+1972-2014\u0026page=2","prev":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=James+C.+Turk+Papers%2C+1972-2014\u0026page=1","next":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=James+C.+Turk+Papers%2C+1972-2014\u0026page=3","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=James+C.+Turk+Papers%2C+1972-2014\u0026page=3"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":2,"next_page":3,"prev_page":1,"total_pages":3,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":10,"total_count":24,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vilxwl_vilxwl00019_c06_c02","type":"Sub-Series","attributes":{"title":"6.1.1: Defenders Services\n \n 1991-2012","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxwl_vilxwl00019_c06_c02#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00019_c06_c02","ref_ssm":["vilxwl_vilxwl00019_c06_c02"],"id":"vilxwl_vilxwl00019_c06_c02","ead_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00019","_root_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00019","_nest_parent_":"vilxwl_vilxwl00019_c06","parent_ssi":"vilxwl_vilxwl00019_c06","parent_ssim":["James C. 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He was educated at William Byrd High School, Vinton, Virginia; Roanoke College, Salem, Virginia; and Washington and Lee University School of Law, Lexington, Virginia where he was a member of the class of 1952.  Between college and law school, Turk served in the U.S. Army in World War II.  Wed to the former Barbara Louise Duncan in 1954, they went on to have five children.  He was active in many community and educational organizations as a board member or trustee.","He practiced law at the Radford firm of Dalton, Poff \u0026 Turk.  In 1959, Turk was elected to the Virginia Senate where he served as minority leader from 1965-1972.  President Richard M. Nixon appointed Turk to a federal judgeship in the Western District of Virginia in 1972.  From 1973-1993, he acted as Chief Judge of the Western District. During these years, he presided over several high profile cases including the 1981 libel case that the Rev. Jerry Falwell brought against Hustler magazine publisher Larry Flynt. 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Though speeches, photos, and clippings are each assigned separate series, there is just one folder in each category.","The 15 cubic feet of opinions and orders makes up almost half of the collection.  It is unclear at this point as to their research value.  Many are unreported, not found in the commercial electronic legal databases, and not shown to be available yet from the National Archives.","Surely the most distinctive series is Judge Turk's correspondence with convicts.  Turk was known for his empathy with defendants and his aversion to excessively harsh sentences.  That he once sentenced a man to prison and presided at his wedding on the same day - Valentine's Day, at that - suggests the complex connections he made with those appearing before him.   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Likewise the subject files series seemed to have been kept in a variety of places, but creating a single series seemed to make most sense.  Though speeches, photos, and clippings are each assigned separate series, there is just one folder in each category.","The 15 cubic feet of opinions and orders makes up almost half of the collection.  It is unclear at this point as to their research value.  Many are unreported, not found in the commercial electronic legal databases, and not shown to be available yet from the National Archives.","Surely the most distinctive series is Judge Turk's correspondence with convicts.  Turk was known for his empathy with defendants and his aversion to excessively harsh sentences.  That he once sentenced a man to prison and presided at his wedding on the same day - Valentine's Day, at that - suggests the complex connections he made with those appearing before him.   These connections are evident throughout this correspondence.","These papers are open to the general public but, as has been suggested above, much more refined processing will be needed to make the information contained here easily accessible.  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Though speeches, photos, and clippings are each assigned separate series, there is just one folder in each category.","The 15 cubic feet of opinions and orders makes up almost half of the collection.  It is unclear at this point as to their research value.  Many are unreported, not found in the commercial electronic legal databases, and not shown to be available yet from the National Archives.","Surely the most distinctive series is Judge Turk's correspondence with convicts.  Turk was known for his empathy with defendants and his aversion to excessively harsh sentences.  That he once sentenced a man to prison and presided at his wedding on the same day - Valentine's Day, at that - suggests the complex connections he made with those appearing before him.   These connections are evident throughout this correspondence.","These papers are open to the general public but, as has been suggested above, much more refined processing will be needed to make the information contained here easily accessible.  The position in the processing cue assigned this collection may depend upon the number of researchers seeking to use it.","These papers have been processed to the level of series only.","There are no restrictions.","Powell Archives stacks","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["James C. Turk Papers, 1972-2014"],"collection_ssim":["James C. Turk Papers, 1972-2014"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["017"],"unitid_tesim":["017"],"repository_ssm":["Washington and Lee University, Law School"],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Law School"],"creator_ssm":["James C. Turk."],"creator_ssim":["James C. Turk."],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of James C. 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Likewise the subject files series seemed to have been kept in a variety of places, but creating a single series seemed to make most sense.  Though speeches, photos, and clippings are each assigned separate series, there is just one folder in each category.","The 15 cubic feet of opinions and orders makes up almost half of the collection.  It is unclear at this point as to their research value.  Many are unreported, not found in the commercial electronic legal databases, and not shown to be available yet from the National Archives.","Surely the most distinctive series is Judge Turk's correspondence with convicts.  Turk was known for his empathy with defendants and his aversion to excessively harsh sentences.  That he once sentenced a man to prison and presided at his wedding on the same day - Valentine's Day, at that - suggests the complex connections he made with those appearing before him.   These connections are evident throughout this correspondence.","These papers are open to the general public but, as has been suggested above, much more refined processing will be needed to make the information contained here easily accessible.  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Likewise the subject files series seemed to have been kept in a variety of places, but creating a single series seemed to make most sense.  Though speeches, photos, and clippings are each assigned separate series, there is just one folder in each category.","The 15 cubic feet of opinions and orders makes up almost half of the collection.  It is unclear at this point as to their research value.  Many are unreported, not found in the commercial electronic legal databases, and not shown to be available yet from the National Archives.","Surely the most distinctive series is Judge Turk's correspondence with convicts.  Turk was known for his empathy with defendants and his aversion to excessively harsh sentences.  That he once sentenced a man to prison and presided at his wedding on the same day - Valentine's Day, at that - suggests the complex connections he made with those appearing before him.   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Likewise the subject files series seemed to have been kept in a variety of places, but creating a single series seemed to make most sense.  Though speeches, photos, and clippings are each assigned separate series, there is just one folder in each category.","The 15 cubic feet of opinions and orders makes up almost half of the collection.  It is unclear at this point as to their research value.  Many are unreported, not found in the commercial electronic legal databases, and not shown to be available yet from the National Archives.","Surely the most distinctive series is Judge Turk's correspondence with convicts.  Turk was known for his empathy with defendants and his aversion to excessively harsh sentences.  That he once sentenced a man to prison and presided at his wedding on the same day - Valentine's Day, at that - suggests the complex connections he made with those appearing before him.   These connections are evident throughout this correspondence.","These papers are open to the general public but, as has been suggested above, much more refined processing will be needed to make the information contained here easily accessible.  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Though speeches, photos, and clippings are each assigned separate series, there is just one folder in each category.","The 15 cubic feet of opinions and orders makes up almost half of the collection.  It is unclear at this point as to their research value.  Many are unreported, not found in the commercial electronic legal databases, and not shown to be available yet from the National Archives.","Surely the most distinctive series is Judge Turk's correspondence with convicts.  Turk was known for his empathy with defendants and his aversion to excessively harsh sentences.  That he once sentenced a man to prison and presided at his wedding on the same day - Valentine's Day, at that - suggests the complex connections he made with those appearing before him.   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Likewise the subject files series seemed to have been kept in a variety of places, but creating a single series seemed to make most sense.  Though speeches, photos, and clippings are each assigned separate series, there is just one folder in each category.","The 15 cubic feet of opinions and orders makes up almost half of the collection.  It is unclear at this point as to their research value.  Many are unreported, not found in the commercial electronic legal databases, and not shown to be available yet from the National Archives.","Surely the most distinctive series is Judge Turk's correspondence with convicts.  Turk was known for his empathy with defendants and his aversion to excessively harsh sentences.  That he once sentenced a man to prison and presided at his wedding on the same day - Valentine's Day, at that - suggests the complex connections he made with those appearing before him.   These connections are evident throughout this correspondence.","These papers are open to the general public but, as has been suggested above, much more refined processing will be needed to make the information contained here easily accessible.  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Though speeches, photos, and clippings are each assigned separate series, there is just one folder in each category.","The 15 cubic feet of opinions and orders makes up almost half of the collection.  It is unclear at this point as to their research value.  Many are unreported, not found in the commercial electronic legal databases, and not shown to be available yet from the National Archives.","Surely the most distinctive series is Judge Turk's correspondence with convicts.  Turk was known for his empathy with defendants and his aversion to excessively harsh sentences.  That he once sentenced a man to prison and presided at his wedding on the same day - Valentine's Day, at that - suggests the complex connections he made with those appearing before him.   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Likewise the subject files series seemed to have been kept in a variety of places, but creating a single series seemed to make most sense.  Though speeches, photos, and clippings are each assigned separate series, there is just one folder in each category.","The 15 cubic feet of opinions and orders makes up almost half of the collection.  It is unclear at this point as to their research value.  Many are unreported, not found in the commercial electronic legal databases, and not shown to be available yet from the National Archives.","Surely the most distinctive series is Judge Turk's correspondence with convicts.  Turk was known for his empathy with defendants and his aversion to excessively harsh sentences.  That he once sentenced a man to prison and presided at his wedding on the same day - Valentine's Day, at that - suggests the complex connections he made with those appearing before him.   These connections are evident throughout this correspondence.","These papers are open to the general public but, as has been suggested above, much more refined processing will be needed to make the information contained here easily accessible.  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Though speeches, photos, and clippings are each assigned separate series, there is just one folder in each category.","The 15 cubic feet of opinions and orders makes up almost half of the collection.  It is unclear at this point as to their research value.  Many are unreported, not found in the commercial electronic legal databases, and not shown to be available yet from the National Archives.","Surely the most distinctive series is Judge Turk's correspondence with convicts.  Turk was known for his empathy with defendants and his aversion to excessively harsh sentences.  That he once sentenced a man to prison and presided at his wedding on the same day - Valentine's Day, at that - suggests the complex connections he made with those appearing before him.   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Likewise the subject files series seemed to have been kept in a variety of places, but creating a single series seemed to make most sense.  Though speeches, photos, and clippings are each assigned separate series, there is just one folder in each category.","The 15 cubic feet of opinions and orders makes up almost half of the collection.  It is unclear at this point as to their research value.  Many are unreported, not found in the commercial electronic legal databases, and not shown to be available yet from the National Archives.","Surely the most distinctive series is Judge Turk's correspondence with convicts.  Turk was known for his empathy with defendants and his aversion to excessively harsh sentences.  That he once sentenced a man to prison and presided at his wedding on the same day - Valentine's Day, at that - suggests the complex connections he made with those appearing before him.   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Though speeches, photos, and clippings are each assigned separate series, there is just one folder in each category.","The 15 cubic feet of opinions and orders makes up almost half of the collection.  It is unclear at this point as to their research value.  Many are unreported, not found in the commercial electronic legal databases, and not shown to be available yet from the National Archives.","Surely the most distinctive series is Judge Turk's correspondence with convicts.  Turk was known for his empathy with defendants and his aversion to excessively harsh sentences.  That he once sentenced a man to prison and presided at his wedding on the same day - Valentine's Day, at that - suggests the complex connections he made with those appearing before him.   These connections are evident throughout this correspondence.","These papers are open to the general public but, as has been suggested above, much more refined processing will be needed to make the information contained here easily accessible.  The position in the processing cue assigned this collection may depend upon the number of researchers seeking to use it.","These papers have been processed to the level of series only.","There are no restrictions.","Powell Archives stacks","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["James C. Turk Papers, 1972-2014"],"collection_ssim":["James C. Turk Papers, 1972-2014"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["017"],"unitid_tesim":["017"],"repository_ssm":["Washington and Lee University, Law School"],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Law School"],"creator_ssm":["James C. Turk."],"creator_ssim":["James C. Turk."],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of James C. 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Likewise the subject files series seemed to have been kept in a variety of places, but creating a single series seemed to make most sense.  Though speeches, photos, and clippings are each assigned separate series, there is just one folder in each category.","The 15 cubic feet of opinions and orders makes up almost half of the collection.  It is unclear at this point as to their research value.  Many are unreported, not found in the commercial electronic legal databases, and not shown to be available yet from the National Archives.","Surely the most distinctive series is Judge Turk's correspondence with convicts.  Turk was known for his empathy with defendants and his aversion to excessively harsh sentences.  That he once sentenced a man to prison and presided at his wedding on the same day - Valentine's Day, at that - suggests the complex connections he made with those appearing before him.   These connections are evident throughout this correspondence.","These papers are open to the general public but, as has been suggested above, much more refined processing will be needed to make the information contained here easily accessible.  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Though speeches, photos, and clippings are each assigned separate series, there is just one folder in each category.","The 15 cubic feet of opinions and orders makes up almost half of the collection.  It is unclear at this point as to their research value.  Many are unreported, not found in the commercial electronic legal databases, and not shown to be available yet from the National Archives.","Surely the most distinctive series is Judge Turk's correspondence with convicts.  Turk was known for his empathy with defendants and his aversion to excessively harsh sentences.  That he once sentenced a man to prison and presided at his wedding on the same day - Valentine's Day, at that - suggests the complex connections he made with those appearing before him.   These connections are evident throughout this correspondence.","These papers are open to the general public but, as has been suggested above, much more refined processing will be needed to make the information contained here easily accessible.  The position in the processing cue assigned this collection may depend upon the number of researchers seeking to use it.","These papers have been processed to the level of series only.","There are no restrictions.","Powell Archives stacks","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["James C. Turk Papers, 1972-2014"],"collection_ssim":["James C. Turk Papers, 1972-2014"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["017"],"unitid_tesim":["017"],"repository_ssm":["Washington and Lee University, Law School"],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Law School"],"creator_ssm":["James C. Turk."],"creator_ssim":["James C. Turk."],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of James C. 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Likewise the subject files series seemed to have been kept in a variety of places, but creating a single series seemed to make most sense.  Though speeches, photos, and clippings are each assigned separate series, there is just one folder in each category.","The 15 cubic feet of opinions and orders makes up almost half of the collection.  It is unclear at this point as to their research value.  Many are unreported, not found in the commercial electronic legal databases, and not shown to be available yet from the National Archives.","Surely the most distinctive series is Judge Turk's correspondence with convicts.  Turk was known for his empathy with defendants and his aversion to excessively harsh sentences.  That he once sentenced a man to prison and presided at his wedding on the same day - Valentine's Day, at that - suggests the complex connections he made with those appearing before him.   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Though speeches, photos, and clippings are each assigned separate series, there is just one folder in each category.","The 15 cubic feet of opinions and orders makes up almost half of the collection.  It is unclear at this point as to their research value.  Many are unreported, not found in the commercial electronic legal databases, and not shown to be available yet from the National Archives.","Surely the most distinctive series is Judge Turk's correspondence with convicts.  Turk was known for his empathy with defendants and his aversion to excessively harsh sentences.  That he once sentenced a man to prison and presided at his wedding on the same day - Valentine's Day, at that - suggests the complex connections he made with those appearing before him.   These connections are evident throughout this correspondence.","These papers are open to the general public but, as has been suggested above, much more refined processing will be needed to make the information contained here easily accessible.  The position in the processing cue assigned this collection may depend upon the number of researchers seeking to use it.","These papers have been processed to the level of series only.","There are no restrictions.","Powell Archives stacks","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["James C. Turk Papers, 1972-2014"],"collection_ssim":["James C. Turk Papers, 1972-2014"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["017"],"unitid_tesim":["017"],"repository_ssm":["Washington and Lee University, Law School"],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Law School"],"creator_ssm":["James C. Turk."],"creator_ssim":["James C. Turk."],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of James C. 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Likewise the subject files series seemed to have been kept in a variety of places, but creating a single series seemed to make most sense.  Though speeches, photos, and clippings are each assigned separate series, there is just one folder in each category.","The 15 cubic feet of opinions and orders makes up almost half of the collection.  It is unclear at this point as to their research value.  Many are unreported, not found in the commercial electronic legal databases, and not shown to be available yet from the National Archives.","Surely the most distinctive series is Judge Turk's correspondence with convicts.  Turk was known for his empathy with defendants and his aversion to excessively harsh sentences.  That he once sentenced a man to prison and presided at his wedding on the same day - Valentine's Day, at that - suggests the complex connections he made with those appearing before him.   These connections are evident throughout this correspondence.","These papers are open to the general public but, as has been suggested above, much more refined processing will be needed to make the information contained here easily accessible.  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Though speeches, photos, and clippings are each assigned separate series, there is just one folder in each category.","The 15 cubic feet of opinions and orders makes up almost half of the collection.  It is unclear at this point as to their research value.  Many are unreported, not found in the commercial electronic legal databases, and not shown to be available yet from the National Archives.","Surely the most distinctive series is Judge Turk's correspondence with convicts.  Turk was known for his empathy with defendants and his aversion to excessively harsh sentences.  That he once sentenced a man to prison and presided at his wedding on the same day - Valentine's Day, at that - suggests the complex connections he made with those appearing before him.   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Likewise the subject files series seemed to have been kept in a variety of places, but creating a single series seemed to make most sense.  Though speeches, photos, and clippings are each assigned separate series, there is just one folder in each category.","The 15 cubic feet of opinions and orders makes up almost half of the collection.  It is unclear at this point as to their research value.  Many are unreported, not found in the commercial electronic legal databases, and not shown to be available yet from the National Archives.","Surely the most distinctive series is Judge Turk's correspondence with convicts.  Turk was known for his empathy with defendants and his aversion to excessively harsh sentences.  That he once sentenced a man to prison and presided at his wedding on the same day - Valentine's Day, at that - suggests the complex connections he made with those appearing before him.   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