{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=photographs\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026page=3","prev":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=photographs\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026page=2","next":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=photographs\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026page=4","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=photographs\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026page=7"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":3,"next_page":4,"prev_page":2,"total_pages":7,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":20,"total_count":69,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1790","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Cumming Family Papers, 1818/1992","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1790#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis addition to the Cumming family papers, includes correspondence, scrapbooks, photographs, newspaper clippings, memorabilia, and certificates related to members of the Cumming family, with most pertaining to United States Surgeon General, Hugh S. Cumming, Sr. (1869-1948) and his son, AmbassadorHugh S. Cumming, Jr. (1900-1986). Items include materials related to Hugh Cumming, Jr.'s service in the United States Department of State, and to Hugh S. Cumming, Sr.'s study at the University of Virginia, as well as Hugh S. Cumming, Jr.'s study at the Virginia Military Institute. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1790#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1790","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1790","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1790","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1790","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1790.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/221463","title_filing_ssi":"Cumming Family Papers","title_ssm":["Cumming Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Cumming Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1818 - 1992"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1818 - 1992"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1818/1992"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Cumming Family Papers, 1818/1992"],"text":["Cumming Family Papers, 1818/1992","MSS 6922","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1790","Cumming, Hugh S. (Hugh Smith), 1869-1948","United States. Department of State","family papers","Correspondence","photographs","Fair - fragile paper and photographs","This collection is open for research use.","Some daguerreotypes have glass coverings that are cracked. Please handle with extreme care.","This addition to the Cumming Family Papers, the first series in this finding aid, is arranged into four files: Correspondence that relate to the personal and professional lives of members of the Cumming Family; Photographs which include portraits of family ancestors and famous individuals, as well as images depicting the professional lives of family members; Scrapbooks relating to Hugh S. Cumming's children, Winifred Burney West, and to Diana Cumming; and Printed and miscellaneous materials.","The folders in each of these files are arranged chronologically, except for undated photographs and a written commentary of various photographs. The undated photographs are arranged alphabetically by the subject's last name after the dated folders.","is as follows:","Series 1- Cumming Family Papers addition ViU-2021-0153","File 1- Correspondence","File 2- Photographs","File 3- Scrapbooks","File 4- Printed and miscellaneous materials","Samuel Cumming, a purported former resident of Wigtownshire, Scotland, was born circa 1816 and died before 1916. After immigrating to Baltimore, Maryland around 1823, he moved to Virginia before August 13, 1868, to continue his profession as a stonemason at Fort Monroe. There, he married Diana Whiting Smith of Elizabeth City County and had at least two children, Samuel Gordon Cumming and Hugh Smith Cumming. In 1879, he established the Hampton Presbyterian Church, now known as First Presbyterian Church. He remarried after Diana's death to Margaret Cumming, and had several other children, including the Presbyterian Missionary, Calvin Knox Cumming. His son, Samuel Gordon Cumming, an attorney in Hampton, Virginia, died in 1920 after being shot by his wife, Elizabeth Bell Waller, following a divorce agreement. Marital ties expanded the Cumming Family to include members from the Waller, Booth, West, Whiting, Kendrick and Smith families.","Hugh Smith Cumming was born on August 17, 1869, in Hampton, Virginia. He attended high school at Baltimore City College and then matriculated at the University of Virginia to study medicine. In 1896, he married Lucy Almira Booth, whose grandfather, Edwin Gilliam Booth, was a noted Philadelphia lawyer and philanthropist to Confederate prisoners held in Northern prisons during the American Civil War. The couple had three children: Hugh Smith Cumming, Jr., Clara Diana Cumming (Kendrick,) and Lucy Booth Cumming, who died as an infant. His half-nephew, Samuel Calvin Cumming, was a Major General in the United States Marine Corps who served during the first and second World Wars and died in 1986.","He graduated from medical school at the University College of Medicine in Richmond, Virginia. A year later, in 1895, he began working as a physician for the United States Marine Hospital Service during which time he was stationed in San Francisco and Ellis Island, among other posts. During the World War I, he was then detailed to the U.S. Navy as an adviser in sanitation. In February 1920, he was appointed to be the fifth Surgeon General of the United States Public Health Service by President Woodrow Wilson. He kept his position as Surgeon General until he retired in 1936 but continued working as director of the Pan American Sanitary Bureau until his death in 1948.","Hugh Smith Cumming's son, Hugh Smith Cumming, Jr. was born March 10, 1900, in Richmond, Virginia, and married Winifred Burney West in 1935, with whom he had no recorded children. He graduated from Western High School in Washington, D.C. before attending the Virginia Military Institute and serving in the United States Army during the first World War. After graduating with a degree in law from the University of Virginia in 1924, he worked in the international department of the National City Bank of New York.","In 1927, Cumming, Jr., accepted a position at the United States Department of State as a clerk with the U.S. Legation in Peking, China. He was then transferred to Washington, D.C. and worked to assist diplomatic and economic relations between the U.S. and several Northern European countries, namely Sweden, and in 1936, he was appointed Executive Assistant to U.S. Secretary of State, Cordell Hull.","During the World War II, he represented the State Department during the Joint Anglo Swedish American Commission dealing with Allied Pilots downed in Neutral Sweden. After the war, he was a founding conference delegate to the United Nations, and from 1947 to 1950, was counselor of the U.S. Embassy in Sweden. From 1950 to 1952, he acted as counselor of the U.S. Embassy in Moscow and briefly acted as its ambassador.","Cumming, Jr., was the Deputy Secretary General for Political Affairs of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) before U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower nominated him for the position of ambassador to Indonesia, where he served in Djakarta from 1954-1957. After returning to Washington, he organized the State Department's Bureau of Intelligence and Research. He retired in 1964, after working as Counselor for the State Department.","He was a member of several social clubs, including the Alibi Club of Washington, D.C., and the Chevy Chase club of Chevy Chase, Maryland. He survived his wife by eight years and died in 1986.","Reference list:","Cumming, H. S. (1945–1977). Hugh S. Cumming papers (MS C 325). Modern Manuscripts Collection, History of Medicine Division, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD.","Edwin Gilliam Booth (1810-1886). American Aristocracy. (n.d.) https://americanaristocracy.com/people/edwin-gillam-booth","First Presbyterian Church of Hampton. \"Our History.\" First Presbyterian Church of Hampton. Accessed June 25, 2025. https://www.firstpreshampton.org/our-history.","Hamm, Robert D. \"Diana Whiting Smith.\" Hamm Roots. Accessed June 25, 2025. https://hammroots.com/getperson.php?personID=I149131\u0026tree=Main.","Hugh S. Cumming. (1948). American Journal of Public Health, 39, 225–225. https://doi.org/10.70706/ajph","Hugh Smith Cumming, Jr. FamilySearch.org. (n.d.-b). https://ancestors.familysearch.org/en/L5YN-CJ6/hugh-smith-cumming-jr.-1900-1986","Hugh Smith Cumming. FamilySearch.org. (n.d.-a). https://ancestors.familysearch.org/en/K4LF-9J2/hugh-smith-cumming-1869-1948","JAMA. (1936, March 7). Surgeon general Hugh S. Cumming retires | JAMA | jama network. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/1155674","Priest, E. (2016, January 13). Samuel Cumming. FamilySearch.org. https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MFLR-N1Q?lang=en","Washington Post. (1986, November 26). Hugh Cumming Jr. dies. Washington Post. https://web.archive.org/web/20171227122650/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1986/11/26/hugh-cumming-jr-dies/e58af8fc-ccb7-4c30-926e-7212c7c34208/","The purpose of this collection guide is to describe the most recently acquired part(s) of this collection (2021-0153). Boxes listed in this collection guide do not start with Box 1 because previous acquisitions are listed in the library catalog (Virgo) and/or Archival Resources of the Virginias (ARVAS).","Box numbering begins at 84. Staff counted all of the boxes in earlier additions and then continued numbering boxes after that total.","The records/guides for this collection's original acquisition and other previous additions can be found in VIRGO, the Library's online catalog, as well as (in many cases) on the Archival Repositories of the Virginias (ARVAS) website.","For best results, search using the collection's Identifier/Call Number.","This addition to the Cumming family papers, includes correspondence, scrapbooks, photographs, newspaper clippings, memorabilia, and certificates related to members of the Cumming family, with most pertaining to United States Surgeon General, Hugh S. Cumming, Sr. (1869-1948) and his son, Ambassador Hugh S. Cumming, Jr. (1900-1986). Items include materials related to Hugh Cumming, Jr.'s service in the United States Department of State, and to Hugh S. Cumming, Sr.'s study at the University of Virginia, as well as Hugh S. Cumming, Jr.'s study at the Virginia Military Institute.","Most of the correspondence relates to the social and professional lives of Hugh S. Cumming, Jr. and his wife, Winifred Burney West Cumming. The periods covered include Cumming's time as United States Ambassador to Indonesia, but more broadly relate to his time in the United States Department of State. There is a small amount of correspondence relating to Hugh S. Cumming, Sr. and his career as Surgeon General of the United States, as well as travel documents and White House invitations mostly relating to Diana Cumming Kendrick and her husband, Manville Kendrick.","Many photographs include images of Hugh S. Cumming, Sr. and Hugh S. Cumming, Jr.'s public service careers along with portraits of members of the Cumming, Kendrick, Booth, and West families. Of particular interest is a series of inscribed and autographed regular and oversize photograph portraits of individuals involved in the careers of Hugh Cumming, Sr. and Hugh Cumming, Jr. Autographed portraits include those from Richard M. Nixon, Herbert Hoover, Lou Henry Hoover, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Cordell Hull, and Sukarno. There are eleven daguerreotypes of family ancestors and an included folder of commentary on their subjects by Hugh S. Cumming, Jr. Also, of note are photographs of the Department of State by Henry \"Hank\" G. Walker for Life Magazine.","Scrapbooks in this addition include Hugh S. Cumming, Sr.'s scrapbook (ca. 1900), which contains descriptions of his newborn children and photographs. An included copy of A.O Kaplan's \"The Baby Biography,\" (ca. 1897-1898) describes the infancy of Lucy Booth Cumming and important events around the time of her birth, along with loose correspondence, parlor cards, and childhood photographs of her. This copy of \"The Baby Biography\" was filled in by her parents, Hugh S. Cumming and Lucy Booth Cumming. Diana Cumming's scrapbook (ca. 1918) holds pasted-in letters, ticket stubs, photographs, and illustrations, among other items. The memorial scrapbook regarding Winifred Burney West Cumming is an unbound second volume of a series of photocopied condolence letters to her widower, Hugh S. Cumming, Jr.","Printed materials and miscellaneous items comprise Hugh S. Cumming, Sr.'s 1893 copy of the University of Virginia \"Corks and Curls\" Yearbook, newspaper clippings, and U.S. Department of State Commendations awarded to Hugh S. Cumming, Jr. It also includes a roster of the Virginia Military Institute's Class of 1921 and an etching by Don Swann of the University of Virginia's Rotunda. Oversize materials include a caricature and the official public service appointments of Hugh S. Cumming, Jr.","This collection may contain some in-copyright material. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page (https://www.library.virginia.edu/special-collections/services/publishing) for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Hampton Presbyterian Church","Baltimore City College","University College of Medicine","U.S. Navy","Pan American Sanitary Bureau","Western High School","United States Army","National City Bank of New York","University of Virginia","Virginia Military Institute","United States Department of State","Cumming","Kendrick","Booth","West","Sukarno","Diana Whiting Smith","Margaret Cumming","Lucy Almira Booth","Edwin Gilliam Booth","Hugh Smith Cumming, Jr.","Clara Diana Cumming","Lucy Booth Cumming","Woodrow Wilson","Cordell Hull","Hugh S. Cumming, Sr.","Hugh S. Cumming, Jr.","Winifred Burney West Cumming","Diana Cumming Kendrick","Manville Kendrick","Richard M. Nixon","Herbert Hoover","Lou Henry Hoover","Dwight D. Eisenhower","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Cumming Family Papers, 1818/1992"],"collection_ssim":["Cumming Family Papers, 1818/1992"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 6922","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1790"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 6922","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1790"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Diana Whiting Smith","Margaret Cumming","Lucy Almira Booth","Edwin Gilliam Booth","Hugh Smith Cumming, Jr.","Clara Diana Cumming","Lucy Booth Cumming","Woodrow Wilson","Cordell Hull","Hugh S. Cumming, Sr.","Hugh S. Cumming, Jr.","Winifred Burney West Cumming","Diana Cumming Kendrick","Manville Kendrick","Richard M. Nixon","Herbert Hoover","Lou Henry Hoover","Dwight D. Eisenhower"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Hampton Presbyterian Church","Baltimore City College","University College of Medicine","U.S. Navy","Pan American Sanitary Bureau","Western High School","United States Army","National City Bank of New York","University of Virginia","Virginia Military Institute","United States Department of State"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Cumming","Kendrick","Booth","West"],"creators_ssim":["Diana Whiting Smith","Margaret Cumming","Lucy Almira Booth","Edwin Gilliam Booth","Hugh Smith Cumming, Jr.","Clara Diana Cumming","Lucy Booth Cumming","Woodrow Wilson","Cordell Hull","Hugh S. Cumming, Sr.","Hugh S. Cumming, Jr.","Winifred Burney West Cumming","Diana Cumming Kendrick","Manville Kendrick","Richard M. Nixon","Herbert Hoover","Lou Henry Hoover","Dwight D. Eisenhower","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Hampton Presbyterian Church","Baltimore City College","University College of Medicine","U.S. Navy","Pan American Sanitary Bureau","Western High School","United States Army","National City Bank of New York","University of Virginia","Virginia Military Institute","United States Department of State","Cumming","Kendrick","Booth","West"],"access_terms_ssm":["This collection may contain some in-copyright material. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page (https://www.library.virginia.edu/special-collections/services/publishing) for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Diane Untermeyer, 8 August 2020. Gift received during the pandemic in June 2020 and followed up to obtain the deed that occurred in August of 2020."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Cumming, Hugh S. (Hugh Smith), 1869-1948","United States. Department of State","family papers","Correspondence","photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Cumming, Hugh S. (Hugh Smith), 1869-1948","United States. Department of State","family papers","Correspondence","photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Fair - fragile paper and photographs"],"extent_ssm":["2.5 Cubic Feet 1 legal box, 3 letter boxes, 1 flat box, 4 scrapbooks/albums"],"extent_tesim":["2.5 Cubic Feet 1 legal box, 3 letter boxes, 1 flat box, 4 scrapbooks/albums"],"genreform_ssim":["family papers","Correspondence","photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSome daguerreotypes have glass coverings that are cracked. Please handle with extreme care.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research use.","Some daguerreotypes have glass coverings that are cracked. Please handle with extreme care."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis addition to the Cumming Family Papers, the first series in this finding aid, is arranged into four files: Correspondence that relate to the personal and professional lives of members of the Cumming Family; Photographs which include portraits of family ancestors and famous individuals, as well as images depicting the professional lives of family members; Scrapbooks relating to Hugh S. Cumming's children, Winifred Burney West, and to Diana Cumming; and Printed and miscellaneous materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe folders in each of these files are arranged chronologically, except for undated photographs and a written commentary of various photographs. The undated photographs are arranged alphabetically by the subject's last name after the dated folders.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eis as follows:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1- Cumming Family Papers addition ViU-2021-0153\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n   File 1- Correspondence\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n   File 2- Photographs\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n   File 3- Scrapbooks\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n   File 4- Printed and miscellaneous materials\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This addition to the Cumming Family Papers, the first series in this finding aid, is arranged into four files: Correspondence that relate to the personal and professional lives of members of the Cumming Family; Photographs which include portraits of family ancestors and famous individuals, as well as images depicting the professional lives of family members; Scrapbooks relating to Hugh S. Cumming's children, Winifred Burney West, and to Diana Cumming; and Printed and miscellaneous materials.","The folders in each of these files are arranged chronologically, except for undated photographs and a written commentary of various photographs. The undated photographs are arranged alphabetically by the subject's last name after the dated folders.","is as follows:","Series 1- Cumming Family Papers addition ViU-2021-0153","File 1- Correspondence","File 2- Photographs","File 3- Scrapbooks","File 4- Printed and miscellaneous materials"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSamuel Cumming, a purported former resident of \u003cgeogname\u003eWigtownshire, Scotland\u003c/geogname\u003e, was born circa 1816 and died before 1916. After immigrating to \u003cgeogname\u003eBaltimore, Maryland\u003c/geogname\u003e around 1823, he moved to Virginia before August 13, 1868, to continue his profession as a \u003coccupation\u003estonemason\u003c/occupation\u003e at Fort Monroe. There, he married \u003cpersname\u003eDiana Whiting Smith\u003c/persname\u003e of \u003cgeogname\u003eElizabeth City County\u003c/geogname\u003e and had at least two children, Samuel Gordon Cumming and Hugh Smith Cumming. In \u003cdate\u003e1879\u003c/date\u003e, he established the \u003ccorpname\u003eHampton Presbyterian Church\u003c/corpname\u003e, now known as First Presbyterian Church. He remarried after Diana's death to \u003cpersname\u003eMargaret Cumming\u003c/persname\u003e, and had several other children, including the Presbyterian Missionary, Calvin Knox Cumming. His son, Samuel Gordon Cumming, an attorney in Hampton, Virginia, died in 1920 after being shot by his wife, Elizabeth Bell Waller, following a divorce agreement. Marital ties expanded the Cumming Family to include members from the Waller, Booth, West, Whiting, Kendrick and Smith families. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHugh Smith Cumming was born on \u003cdate\u003eAugust 17, 1869\u003c/date\u003e, in \u003cgeogname\u003eHampton, Virginia\u003c/geogname\u003e. He attended high school at \u003ccorpname\u003eBaltimore City College\u003c/corpname\u003e and then matriculated at the University of Virginia to study medicine. In \u003cdate\u003e1896\u003c/date\u003e, he married \u003cpersname\u003eLucy Almira Booth\u003c/persname\u003e, whose grandfather, \u003cpersname\u003eEdwin Gilliam Booth\u003c/persname\u003e, was a noted Philadelphia \u003coccupation\u003elawyer\u003c/occupation\u003e and philanthropist to Confederate prisoners held in Northern prisons during the American Civil War. The couple had three children: \u003cpersname\u003eHugh Smith Cumming, Jr.\u003c/persname\u003e, \u003cpersname\u003eClara Diana Cumming\u003c/persname\u003e (Kendrick,) and \u003cpersname\u003eLucy Booth Cumming\u003c/persname\u003e, who died as an infant. His half-nephew, Samuel Calvin Cumming, was a Major General in the United States Marine Corps who served during the first and second World Wars and died in \u003cdate\u003e1986\u003c/date\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe graduated from medical school at the \u003ccorpname\u003eUniversity College of Medicine\u003c/corpname\u003e in \u003cgeogname\u003eRichmond, Virginia\u003c/geogname\u003e. A year later, in \u003cdate\u003e1895\u003c/date\u003e, he began working as a \u003coccupation\u003ephysician\u003c/occupation\u003e for the United States Marine Hospital Service during which time he was stationed in \u003cgeogname\u003eSan Francisco\u003c/geogname\u003e and \u003cgeogname\u003eEllis Island\u003c/geogname\u003e, among other posts. During the World War I, he was then detailed to the \u003ccorpname\u003eU.S. Navy\u003c/corpname\u003e as an adviser in sanitation. In \u003cdate\u003eFebruary 1920\u003c/date\u003e, he was appointed to be the fifth Surgeon General of the United States Public Health Service by President \u003cpersname\u003eWoodrow Wilson\u003c/persname\u003e. He kept his position as Surgeon General until he retired in \u003cdate\u003e1936\u003c/date\u003e but continued working as director of the \u003ccorpname\u003ePan American Sanitary Bureau\u003c/corpname\u003e until his death in 1948.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHugh Smith Cumming's son, Hugh Smith Cumming, Jr. was born \u003cdate\u003eMarch 10, 1900\u003c/date\u003e, in Richmond, Virginia, and married Winifred Burney West in \u003cdate\u003e1935\u003c/date\u003e, with whom he had no recorded children. He graduated from \u003ccorpname\u003eWestern High School\u003c/corpname\u003e in \u003cgeogname\u003eWashington, D.C.\u003c/geogname\u003e before attending the Virginia Military Institute and serving in the \u003ccorpname\u003eUnited States Army\u003c/corpname\u003e during the first World War. After graduating with a degree in law from the University of Virginia in \u003cdate\u003e1924\u003c/date\u003e, he worked in the international department of the \u003ccorpname\u003eNational City Bank of New York\u003c/corpname\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn \u003cdate\u003e1927\u003c/date\u003e, Cumming, Jr., accepted a position at the United States Department of State as a \u003coccupation\u003eclerk\u003c/occupation\u003e with the U.S. Legation in \u003cgeogname\u003ePeking, China\u003c/geogname\u003e. He was then transferred to \u003cgeogname\u003eWashington, D.C.\u003c/geogname\u003e and worked to assist diplomatic and economic relations between the U.S. and several Northern European countries, namely \u003cgeogname\u003eSweden\u003c/geogname\u003e, and in \u003cdate\u003e1936\u003c/date\u003e, he was appointed Executive Assistant to U.S. Secretary of State, \u003cpersname\u003eCordell Hull\u003c/persname\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the World War II, he represented the State Department during the Joint Anglo Swedish American Commission dealing with Allied Pilots downed in Neutral Sweden. After the war, he was a founding conference delegate to the United Nations, and from \u003cdate\u003e1947\u003c/date\u003e to \u003cdate\u003e1950\u003c/date\u003e, was counselor of the U.S. Embassy in Sweden. From \u003cdate\u003e1950\u003c/date\u003e to \u003cdate\u003e1952\u003c/date\u003e, he acted as counselor of the U.S. Embassy in \u003cgeogname\u003eMoscow\u003c/geogname\u003e and briefly acted as its ambassador.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCumming, Jr., was the \u003coccupation\u003eDeputy Secretary General\u003c/occupation\u003e for Political Affairs of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) before U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower nominated him for the position of ambassador to Indonesia, where he served in \u003cgeogname\u003eDjakarta\u003c/geogname\u003e from 1954-1957. After returning to Washington, he organized the State Department's Bureau of Intelligence and Research. He retired in \u003cdate\u003e1964\u003c/date\u003e, after working as Counselor for the State Department.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe was a member of several social clubs, including the Alibi Club of Washington, D.C., and the Chevy Chase club of Chevy Chase, Maryland. He survived his wife by eight years and died in \u003cdate\u003e1986\u003c/date\u003e.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReference list:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCumming, H. S. (1945–1977). Hugh S. Cumming papers (MS C 325). Modern Manuscripts Collection, History of Medicine Division, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEdwin Gilliam Booth (1810-1886). American Aristocracy. (n.d.) https://americanaristocracy.com/people/edwin-gillam-booth  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFirst Presbyterian Church of Hampton. \"Our History.\" First Presbyterian Church of Hampton. Accessed June 25, 2025. https://www.firstpreshampton.org/our-history. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHamm, Robert D. \"Diana Whiting Smith.\" Hamm Roots. Accessed June 25, 2025. https://hammroots.com/getperson.php?personID=I149131\u0026amp;tree=Main. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHugh S. Cumming. (1948). American Journal of Public Health, 39, 225–225. https://doi.org/10.70706/ajph  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHugh Smith Cumming, Jr. FamilySearch.org. (n.d.-b). https://ancestors.familysearch.org/en/L5YN-CJ6/hugh-smith-cumming-jr.-1900-1986  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHugh Smith Cumming. FamilySearch.org. (n.d.-a). https://ancestors.familysearch.org/en/K4LF-9J2/hugh-smith-cumming-1869-1948  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJAMA. (1936, March 7). Surgeon general Hugh S. Cumming retires | JAMA | jama network. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/1155674  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePriest, E. (2016, January 13). Samuel Cumming. FamilySearch.org. https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MFLR-N1Q?lang=en  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWashington Post. (1986, November 26). Hugh Cumming Jr. dies. Washington Post. https://web.archive.org/web/20171227122650/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1986/11/26/hugh-cumming-jr-dies/e58af8fc-ccb7-4c30-926e-7212c7c34208/ \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Samuel Cumming, a purported former resident of Wigtownshire, Scotland, was born circa 1816 and died before 1916. After immigrating to Baltimore, Maryland around 1823, he moved to Virginia before August 13, 1868, to continue his profession as a stonemason at Fort Monroe. There, he married Diana Whiting Smith of Elizabeth City County and had at least two children, Samuel Gordon Cumming and Hugh Smith Cumming. In 1879, he established the Hampton Presbyterian Church, now known as First Presbyterian Church. He remarried after Diana's death to Margaret Cumming, and had several other children, including the Presbyterian Missionary, Calvin Knox Cumming. His son, Samuel Gordon Cumming, an attorney in Hampton, Virginia, died in 1920 after being shot by his wife, Elizabeth Bell Waller, following a divorce agreement. Marital ties expanded the Cumming Family to include members from the Waller, Booth, West, Whiting, Kendrick and Smith families.","Hugh Smith Cumming was born on August 17, 1869, in Hampton, Virginia. He attended high school at Baltimore City College and then matriculated at the University of Virginia to study medicine. In 1896, he married Lucy Almira Booth, whose grandfather, Edwin Gilliam Booth, was a noted Philadelphia lawyer and philanthropist to Confederate prisoners held in Northern prisons during the American Civil War. The couple had three children: Hugh Smith Cumming, Jr., Clara Diana Cumming (Kendrick,) and Lucy Booth Cumming, who died as an infant. His half-nephew, Samuel Calvin Cumming, was a Major General in the United States Marine Corps who served during the first and second World Wars and died in 1986.","He graduated from medical school at the University College of Medicine in Richmond, Virginia. A year later, in 1895, he began working as a physician for the United States Marine Hospital Service during which time he was stationed in San Francisco and Ellis Island, among other posts. During the World War I, he was then detailed to the U.S. Navy as an adviser in sanitation. In February 1920, he was appointed to be the fifth Surgeon General of the United States Public Health Service by President Woodrow Wilson. He kept his position as Surgeon General until he retired in 1936 but continued working as director of the Pan American Sanitary Bureau until his death in 1948.","Hugh Smith Cumming's son, Hugh Smith Cumming, Jr. was born March 10, 1900, in Richmond, Virginia, and married Winifred Burney West in 1935, with whom he had no recorded children. He graduated from Western High School in Washington, D.C. before attending the Virginia Military Institute and serving in the United States Army during the first World War. After graduating with a degree in law from the University of Virginia in 1924, he worked in the international department of the National City Bank of New York.","In 1927, Cumming, Jr., accepted a position at the United States Department of State as a clerk with the U.S. Legation in Peking, China. He was then transferred to Washington, D.C. and worked to assist diplomatic and economic relations between the U.S. and several Northern European countries, namely Sweden, and in 1936, he was appointed Executive Assistant to U.S. Secretary of State, Cordell Hull.","During the World War II, he represented the State Department during the Joint Anglo Swedish American Commission dealing with Allied Pilots downed in Neutral Sweden. After the war, he was a founding conference delegate to the United Nations, and from 1947 to 1950, was counselor of the U.S. Embassy in Sweden. From 1950 to 1952, he acted as counselor of the U.S. Embassy in Moscow and briefly acted as its ambassador.","Cumming, Jr., was the Deputy Secretary General for Political Affairs of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) before U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower nominated him for the position of ambassador to Indonesia, where he served in Djakarta from 1954-1957. After returning to Washington, he organized the State Department's Bureau of Intelligence and Research. He retired in 1964, after working as Counselor for the State Department.","He was a member of several social clubs, including the Alibi Club of Washington, D.C., and the Chevy Chase club of Chevy Chase, Maryland. He survived his wife by eight years and died in 1986.","Reference list:","Cumming, H. S. (1945–1977). Hugh S. Cumming papers (MS C 325). Modern Manuscripts Collection, History of Medicine Division, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD.","Edwin Gilliam Booth (1810-1886). American Aristocracy. (n.d.) https://americanaristocracy.com/people/edwin-gillam-booth","First Presbyterian Church of Hampton. \"Our History.\" First Presbyterian Church of Hampton. Accessed June 25, 2025. https://www.firstpreshampton.org/our-history.","Hamm, Robert D. \"Diana Whiting Smith.\" Hamm Roots. Accessed June 25, 2025. https://hammroots.com/getperson.php?personID=I149131\u0026tree=Main.","Hugh S. Cumming. (1948). American Journal of Public Health, 39, 225–225. https://doi.org/10.70706/ajph","Hugh Smith Cumming, Jr. FamilySearch.org. (n.d.-b). https://ancestors.familysearch.org/en/L5YN-CJ6/hugh-smith-cumming-jr.-1900-1986","Hugh Smith Cumming. FamilySearch.org. (n.d.-a). https://ancestors.familysearch.org/en/K4LF-9J2/hugh-smith-cumming-1869-1948","JAMA. (1936, March 7). Surgeon general Hugh S. Cumming retires | JAMA | jama network. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/1155674","Priest, E. (2016, January 13). Samuel Cumming. FamilySearch.org. https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MFLR-N1Q?lang=en","Washington Post. (1986, November 26). Hugh Cumming Jr. dies. Washington Post. https://web.archive.org/web/20171227122650/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1986/11/26/hugh-cumming-jr-dies/e58af8fc-ccb7-4c30-926e-7212c7c34208/"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 6922, Cumming Family Papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 6922, Cumming Family Papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe purpose of this collection guide is to describe the most recently acquired part(s) of this collection (2021-0153). Boxes listed in this collection guide do not start with Box 1 because previous acquisitions are listed in the library catalog (Virgo) and/or Archival Resources of the Virginias (ARVAS).  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox numbering begins at 84. Staff counted all of the boxes in earlier additions and then continued numbering boxes after that total. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The purpose of this collection guide is to describe the most recently acquired part(s) of this collection (2021-0153). Boxes listed in this collection guide do not start with Box 1 because previous acquisitions are listed in the library catalog (Virgo) and/or Archival Resources of the Virginias (ARVAS).","Box numbering begins at 84. Staff counted all of the boxes in earlier additions and then continued numbering boxes after that total."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe records/guides for this collection's original acquisition and other previous additions can be found in VIRGO, the Library's online catalog, as well as (in many cases) on the Archival Repositories of the Virginias (ARVAS) website.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor best results, search using the collection's Identifier/Call Number.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The records/guides for this collection's original acquisition and other previous additions can be found in VIRGO, the Library's online catalog, as well as (in many cases) on the Archival Repositories of the Virginias (ARVAS) website.","For best results, search using the collection's Identifier/Call Number."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis addition to the Cumming family papers, includes correspondence, scrapbooks, photographs, newspaper clippings, memorabilia, and certificates related to members of the \u003cfamname\u003eCumming\u003c/famname\u003e family, with most pertaining to \u003coccupation\u003eUnited States Surgeon General\u003c/occupation\u003e, \u003cpersname\u003eHugh S. Cumming, Sr.\u003c/persname\u003e (1869-1948) and his son, \u003coccupation\u003eAmbassador\u003c/occupation\u003e \u003cpersname\u003eHugh S. Cumming, Jr.\u003c/persname\u003e (1900-1986). Items include materials related to Hugh Cumming, Jr.'s service in the United States Department of State, and to Hugh S. Cumming, Sr.'s study at the \u003ccorpname\u003eUniversity of Virginia\u003c/corpname\u003e, as well as Hugh S. Cumming, Jr.'s study at the \u003ccorpname\u003eVirginia Military Institute\u003c/corpname\u003e.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMost of the correspondence relates to the social and professional lives of Hugh S. Cumming, Jr. and his wife, \u003cpersname\u003eWinifred Burney West Cumming\u003c/persname\u003e. The periods covered include Cumming's time as \u003coccupation\u003eUnited States Ambassador\u003c/occupation\u003e to \u003cgeogname\u003eIndonesia\u003c/geogname\u003e, but more broadly relate to his time in the \u003ccorpname\u003eUnited States Department of State\u003c/corpname\u003e. There is a small amount of correspondence relating to Hugh S. Cumming, Sr. and his career as Surgeon General of the United States, as well as travel documents and White House invitations mostly relating to \u003cpersname\u003eDiana Cumming Kendrick\u003c/persname\u003e and her husband, \u003cpersname\u003eManville Kendrick\u003c/persname\u003e.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMany photographs include images of Hugh S. Cumming, Sr. and Hugh S. Cumming, Jr.'s public service careers along with portraits of members of the Cumming, \u003cfamname\u003eKendrick\u003c/famname\u003e, \u003cfamname\u003eBooth\u003c/famname\u003e, and \u003cfamname\u003eWest\u003c/famname\u003e families. Of particular interest is a series of inscribed and autographed regular and oversize photograph portraits of individuals involved in the careers of Hugh Cumming, Sr. and Hugh Cumming, Jr. Autographed portraits include those from \u003cpersname\u003eRichard M. Nixon\u003c/persname\u003e, \u003cpersname\u003eHerbert Hoover\u003c/persname\u003e, \u003cpersname\u003eLou Henry Hoover\u003c/persname\u003e, \u003cpersname\u003eDwight D. Eisenhower\u003c/persname\u003e, \u003cpersname\u003eCordell Hull\u003c/persname\u003e, and \u003cname\u003eSukarno\u003c/name\u003e. There are eleven daguerreotypes of family ancestors and an included folder of commentary on their subjects by Hugh S. Cumming, Jr. Also, of note are photographs of the Department of State by Henry \"Hank\" G. Walker for Life Magazine. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScrapbooks in this addition include Hugh S. Cumming, Sr.'s scrapbook (ca. 1900), which contains descriptions of his newborn children and photographs. An included copy of A.O Kaplan's \"The Baby Biography,\" (ca. 1897-1898) describes the infancy of Lucy Booth Cumming and important events around the time of her birth, along with loose correspondence, parlor cards, and childhood photographs of her. This copy of \"The Baby Biography\" was filled in by her parents, Hugh S. Cumming and Lucy Booth Cumming. Diana Cumming's scrapbook (ca. 1918) holds pasted-in letters, ticket stubs, photographs, and illustrations, among other items. The memorial scrapbook regarding Winifred Burney West Cumming is an unbound second volume of a series of photocopied condolence letters to her widower, Hugh S. Cumming, Jr. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrinted materials and miscellaneous items comprise Hugh S. Cumming, Sr.'s \u003cdate\u003e1893\u003c/date\u003e copy of the University of Virginia \"Corks and Curls\" Yearbook, newspaper clippings, and U.S. Department of State Commendations awarded to Hugh S. Cumming, Jr. It also includes a roster of the Virginia Military Institute's Class of \u003cdate\u003e1921\u003c/date\u003e and an etching by Don Swann of the University of Virginia's Rotunda. Oversize materials include a caricature and the official public service appointments of Hugh S. Cumming, Jr.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This addition to the Cumming family papers, includes correspondence, scrapbooks, photographs, newspaper clippings, memorabilia, and certificates related to members of the Cumming family, with most pertaining to United States Surgeon General, Hugh S. Cumming, Sr. (1869-1948) and his son, Ambassador Hugh S. Cumming, Jr. (1900-1986). Items include materials related to Hugh Cumming, Jr.'s service in the United States Department of State, and to Hugh S. Cumming, Sr.'s study at the University of Virginia, as well as Hugh S. Cumming, Jr.'s study at the Virginia Military Institute.","Most of the correspondence relates to the social and professional lives of Hugh S. Cumming, Jr. and his wife, Winifred Burney West Cumming. The periods covered include Cumming's time as United States Ambassador to Indonesia, but more broadly relate to his time in the United States Department of State. There is a small amount of correspondence relating to Hugh S. Cumming, Sr. and his career as Surgeon General of the United States, as well as travel documents and White House invitations mostly relating to Diana Cumming Kendrick and her husband, Manville Kendrick.","Many photographs include images of Hugh S. Cumming, Sr. and Hugh S. Cumming, Jr.'s public service careers along with portraits of members of the Cumming, Kendrick, Booth, and West families. Of particular interest is a series of inscribed and autographed regular and oversize photograph portraits of individuals involved in the careers of Hugh Cumming, Sr. and Hugh Cumming, Jr. Autographed portraits include those from Richard M. Nixon, Herbert Hoover, Lou Henry Hoover, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Cordell Hull, and Sukarno. There are eleven daguerreotypes of family ancestors and an included folder of commentary on their subjects by Hugh S. Cumming, Jr. Also, of note are photographs of the Department of State by Henry \"Hank\" G. Walker for Life Magazine.","Scrapbooks in this addition include Hugh S. Cumming, Sr.'s scrapbook (ca. 1900), which contains descriptions of his newborn children and photographs. An included copy of A.O Kaplan's \"The Baby Biography,\" (ca. 1897-1898) describes the infancy of Lucy Booth Cumming and important events around the time of her birth, along with loose correspondence, parlor cards, and childhood photographs of her. This copy of \"The Baby Biography\" was filled in by her parents, Hugh S. Cumming and Lucy Booth Cumming. Diana Cumming's scrapbook (ca. 1918) holds pasted-in letters, ticket stubs, photographs, and illustrations, among other items. The memorial scrapbook regarding Winifred Burney West Cumming is an unbound second volume of a series of photocopied condolence letters to her widower, Hugh S. Cumming, Jr.","Printed materials and miscellaneous items comprise Hugh S. Cumming, Sr.'s 1893 copy of the University of Virginia \"Corks and Curls\" Yearbook, newspaper clippings, and U.S. Department of State Commendations awarded to Hugh S. Cumming, Jr. It also includes a roster of the Virginia Military Institute's Class of 1921 and an etching by Don Swann of the University of Virginia's Rotunda. Oversize materials include a caricature and the official public service appointments of Hugh S. Cumming, Jr."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection may contain some in-copyright material. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page (https://www.library.virginia.edu/special-collections/services/publishing) for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["This collection may contain some in-copyright material. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page (https://www.library.virginia.edu/special-collections/services/publishing) for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Hampton Presbyterian Church","Baltimore City College","University College of Medicine","U.S. Navy","Pan American Sanitary Bureau","Western High School","United States Army","National City Bank of New York","University of Virginia","Virginia Military Institute","United States Department of State"],"famname_ssim":["Cumming","Kendrick","Booth","West"],"name_ssim":["Sukarno"],"persname_ssim":["Diana Whiting Smith","Margaret Cumming","Lucy Almira Booth","Edwin Gilliam Booth","Hugh Smith Cumming, Jr.","Clara Diana Cumming","Lucy Booth Cumming","Woodrow Wilson","Cordell Hull","Hugh S. Cumming, Sr.","Hugh S. Cumming, Jr.","Winifred Burney West Cumming","Diana Cumming Kendrick","Manville Kendrick","Richard M. Nixon","Herbert Hoover","Lou Henry Hoover","Dwight D. Eisenhower"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Hampton Presbyterian Church","Baltimore City College","University College of Medicine","U.S. Navy","Pan American Sanitary Bureau","Western High School","United States Army","National City Bank of New York","University of Virginia","Virginia Military Institute","United States Department of State","Cumming","Kendrick","Booth","West","Sukarno","Diana Whiting Smith","Margaret Cumming","Lucy Almira Booth","Edwin Gilliam Booth","Hugh Smith Cumming, Jr.","Clara Diana Cumming","Lucy Booth Cumming","Woodrow Wilson","Cordell Hull","Hugh S. Cumming, Sr.","Hugh S. Cumming, Jr.","Winifred Burney West Cumming","Diana Cumming Kendrick","Manville Kendrick","Richard M. Nixon","Herbert Hoover","Lou Henry Hoover","Dwight D. Eisenhower"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":5,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:53:44.527Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1790","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1790","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1790","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1790","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1790.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/221463","title_filing_ssi":"Cumming Family Papers","title_ssm":["Cumming Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Cumming Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1818 - 1992"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1818 - 1992"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1818/1992"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Cumming Family Papers, 1818/1992"],"text":["Cumming Family Papers, 1818/1992","MSS 6922","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1790","Cumming, Hugh S. (Hugh Smith), 1869-1948","United States. Department of State","family papers","Correspondence","photographs","Fair - fragile paper and photographs","This collection is open for research use.","Some daguerreotypes have glass coverings that are cracked. Please handle with extreme care.","This addition to the Cumming Family Papers, the first series in this finding aid, is arranged into four files: Correspondence that relate to the personal and professional lives of members of the Cumming Family; Photographs which include portraits of family ancestors and famous individuals, as well as images depicting the professional lives of family members; Scrapbooks relating to Hugh S. Cumming's children, Winifred Burney West, and to Diana Cumming; and Printed and miscellaneous materials.","The folders in each of these files are arranged chronologically, except for undated photographs and a written commentary of various photographs. The undated photographs are arranged alphabetically by the subject's last name after the dated folders.","is as follows:","Series 1- Cumming Family Papers addition ViU-2021-0153","File 1- Correspondence","File 2- Photographs","File 3- Scrapbooks","File 4- Printed and miscellaneous materials","Samuel Cumming, a purported former resident of Wigtownshire, Scotland, was born circa 1816 and died before 1916. After immigrating to Baltimore, Maryland around 1823, he moved to Virginia before August 13, 1868, to continue his profession as a stonemason at Fort Monroe. There, he married Diana Whiting Smith of Elizabeth City County and had at least two children, Samuel Gordon Cumming and Hugh Smith Cumming. In 1879, he established the Hampton Presbyterian Church, now known as First Presbyterian Church. He remarried after Diana's death to Margaret Cumming, and had several other children, including the Presbyterian Missionary, Calvin Knox Cumming. His son, Samuel Gordon Cumming, an attorney in Hampton, Virginia, died in 1920 after being shot by his wife, Elizabeth Bell Waller, following a divorce agreement. Marital ties expanded the Cumming Family to include members from the Waller, Booth, West, Whiting, Kendrick and Smith families.","Hugh Smith Cumming was born on August 17, 1869, in Hampton, Virginia. He attended high school at Baltimore City College and then matriculated at the University of Virginia to study medicine. In 1896, he married Lucy Almira Booth, whose grandfather, Edwin Gilliam Booth, was a noted Philadelphia lawyer and philanthropist to Confederate prisoners held in Northern prisons during the American Civil War. The couple had three children: Hugh Smith Cumming, Jr., Clara Diana Cumming (Kendrick,) and Lucy Booth Cumming, who died as an infant. His half-nephew, Samuel Calvin Cumming, was a Major General in the United States Marine Corps who served during the first and second World Wars and died in 1986.","He graduated from medical school at the University College of Medicine in Richmond, Virginia. A year later, in 1895, he began working as a physician for the United States Marine Hospital Service during which time he was stationed in San Francisco and Ellis Island, among other posts. During the World War I, he was then detailed to the U.S. Navy as an adviser in sanitation. In February 1920, he was appointed to be the fifth Surgeon General of the United States Public Health Service by President Woodrow Wilson. He kept his position as Surgeon General until he retired in 1936 but continued working as director of the Pan American Sanitary Bureau until his death in 1948.","Hugh Smith Cumming's son, Hugh Smith Cumming, Jr. was born March 10, 1900, in Richmond, Virginia, and married Winifred Burney West in 1935, with whom he had no recorded children. He graduated from Western High School in Washington, D.C. before attending the Virginia Military Institute and serving in the United States Army during the first World War. After graduating with a degree in law from the University of Virginia in 1924, he worked in the international department of the National City Bank of New York.","In 1927, Cumming, Jr., accepted a position at the United States Department of State as a clerk with the U.S. Legation in Peking, China. He was then transferred to Washington, D.C. and worked to assist diplomatic and economic relations between the U.S. and several Northern European countries, namely Sweden, and in 1936, he was appointed Executive Assistant to U.S. Secretary of State, Cordell Hull.","During the World War II, he represented the State Department during the Joint Anglo Swedish American Commission dealing with Allied Pilots downed in Neutral Sweden. After the war, he was a founding conference delegate to the United Nations, and from 1947 to 1950, was counselor of the U.S. Embassy in Sweden. From 1950 to 1952, he acted as counselor of the U.S. Embassy in Moscow and briefly acted as its ambassador.","Cumming, Jr., was the Deputy Secretary General for Political Affairs of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) before U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower nominated him for the position of ambassador to Indonesia, where he served in Djakarta from 1954-1957. After returning to Washington, he organized the State Department's Bureau of Intelligence and Research. He retired in 1964, after working as Counselor for the State Department.","He was a member of several social clubs, including the Alibi Club of Washington, D.C., and the Chevy Chase club of Chevy Chase, Maryland. He survived his wife by eight years and died in 1986.","Reference list:","Cumming, H. S. (1945–1977). Hugh S. Cumming papers (MS C 325). Modern Manuscripts Collection, History of Medicine Division, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD.","Edwin Gilliam Booth (1810-1886). American Aristocracy. (n.d.) https://americanaristocracy.com/people/edwin-gillam-booth","First Presbyterian Church of Hampton. \"Our History.\" First Presbyterian Church of Hampton. Accessed June 25, 2025. https://www.firstpreshampton.org/our-history.","Hamm, Robert D. \"Diana Whiting Smith.\" Hamm Roots. Accessed June 25, 2025. https://hammroots.com/getperson.php?personID=I149131\u0026tree=Main.","Hugh S. Cumming. (1948). American Journal of Public Health, 39, 225–225. https://doi.org/10.70706/ajph","Hugh Smith Cumming, Jr. FamilySearch.org. (n.d.-b). https://ancestors.familysearch.org/en/L5YN-CJ6/hugh-smith-cumming-jr.-1900-1986","Hugh Smith Cumming. FamilySearch.org. (n.d.-a). https://ancestors.familysearch.org/en/K4LF-9J2/hugh-smith-cumming-1869-1948","JAMA. (1936, March 7). Surgeon general Hugh S. Cumming retires | JAMA | jama network. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/1155674","Priest, E. (2016, January 13). Samuel Cumming. FamilySearch.org. https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MFLR-N1Q?lang=en","Washington Post. (1986, November 26). Hugh Cumming Jr. dies. Washington Post. https://web.archive.org/web/20171227122650/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1986/11/26/hugh-cumming-jr-dies/e58af8fc-ccb7-4c30-926e-7212c7c34208/","The purpose of this collection guide is to describe the most recently acquired part(s) of this collection (2021-0153). Boxes listed in this collection guide do not start with Box 1 because previous acquisitions are listed in the library catalog (Virgo) and/or Archival Resources of the Virginias (ARVAS).","Box numbering begins at 84. Staff counted all of the boxes in earlier additions and then continued numbering boxes after that total.","The records/guides for this collection's original acquisition and other previous additions can be found in VIRGO, the Library's online catalog, as well as (in many cases) on the Archival Repositories of the Virginias (ARVAS) website.","For best results, search using the collection's Identifier/Call Number.","This addition to the Cumming family papers, includes correspondence, scrapbooks, photographs, newspaper clippings, memorabilia, and certificates related to members of the Cumming family, with most pertaining to United States Surgeon General, Hugh S. Cumming, Sr. (1869-1948) and his son, Ambassador Hugh S. Cumming, Jr. (1900-1986). Items include materials related to Hugh Cumming, Jr.'s service in the United States Department of State, and to Hugh S. Cumming, Sr.'s study at the University of Virginia, as well as Hugh S. Cumming, Jr.'s study at the Virginia Military Institute.","Most of the correspondence relates to the social and professional lives of Hugh S. Cumming, Jr. and his wife, Winifred Burney West Cumming. The periods covered include Cumming's time as United States Ambassador to Indonesia, but more broadly relate to his time in the United States Department of State. There is a small amount of correspondence relating to Hugh S. Cumming, Sr. and his career as Surgeon General of the United States, as well as travel documents and White House invitations mostly relating to Diana Cumming Kendrick and her husband, Manville Kendrick.","Many photographs include images of Hugh S. Cumming, Sr. and Hugh S. Cumming, Jr.'s public service careers along with portraits of members of the Cumming, Kendrick, Booth, and West families. Of particular interest is a series of inscribed and autographed regular and oversize photograph portraits of individuals involved in the careers of Hugh Cumming, Sr. and Hugh Cumming, Jr. Autographed portraits include those from Richard M. Nixon, Herbert Hoover, Lou Henry Hoover, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Cordell Hull, and Sukarno. There are eleven daguerreotypes of family ancestors and an included folder of commentary on their subjects by Hugh S. Cumming, Jr. Also, of note are photographs of the Department of State by Henry \"Hank\" G. Walker for Life Magazine.","Scrapbooks in this addition include Hugh S. Cumming, Sr.'s scrapbook (ca. 1900), which contains descriptions of his newborn children and photographs. An included copy of A.O Kaplan's \"The Baby Biography,\" (ca. 1897-1898) describes the infancy of Lucy Booth Cumming and important events around the time of her birth, along with loose correspondence, parlor cards, and childhood photographs of her. This copy of \"The Baby Biography\" was filled in by her parents, Hugh S. Cumming and Lucy Booth Cumming. Diana Cumming's scrapbook (ca. 1918) holds pasted-in letters, ticket stubs, photographs, and illustrations, among other items. The memorial scrapbook regarding Winifred Burney West Cumming is an unbound second volume of a series of photocopied condolence letters to her widower, Hugh S. Cumming, Jr.","Printed materials and miscellaneous items comprise Hugh S. Cumming, Sr.'s 1893 copy of the University of Virginia \"Corks and Curls\" Yearbook, newspaper clippings, and U.S. Department of State Commendations awarded to Hugh S. Cumming, Jr. It also includes a roster of the Virginia Military Institute's Class of 1921 and an etching by Don Swann of the University of Virginia's Rotunda. Oversize materials include a caricature and the official public service appointments of Hugh S. Cumming, Jr.","This collection may contain some in-copyright material. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page (https://www.library.virginia.edu/special-collections/services/publishing) for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Hampton Presbyterian Church","Baltimore City College","University College of Medicine","U.S. Navy","Pan American Sanitary Bureau","Western High School","United States Army","National City Bank of New York","University of Virginia","Virginia Military Institute","United States Department of State","Cumming","Kendrick","Booth","West","Sukarno","Diana Whiting Smith","Margaret Cumming","Lucy Almira Booth","Edwin Gilliam Booth","Hugh Smith Cumming, Jr.","Clara Diana Cumming","Lucy Booth Cumming","Woodrow Wilson","Cordell Hull","Hugh S. Cumming, Sr.","Hugh S. Cumming, Jr.","Winifred Burney West Cumming","Diana Cumming Kendrick","Manville Kendrick","Richard M. Nixon","Herbert Hoover","Lou Henry Hoover","Dwight D. Eisenhower","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Cumming Family Papers, 1818/1992"],"collection_ssim":["Cumming Family Papers, 1818/1992"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 6922","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1790"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 6922","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1790"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Diana Whiting Smith","Margaret Cumming","Lucy Almira Booth","Edwin Gilliam Booth","Hugh Smith Cumming, Jr.","Clara Diana Cumming","Lucy Booth Cumming","Woodrow Wilson","Cordell Hull","Hugh S. Cumming, Sr.","Hugh S. Cumming, Jr.","Winifred Burney West Cumming","Diana Cumming Kendrick","Manville Kendrick","Richard M. Nixon","Herbert Hoover","Lou Henry Hoover","Dwight D. Eisenhower"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Hampton Presbyterian Church","Baltimore City College","University College of Medicine","U.S. Navy","Pan American Sanitary Bureau","Western High School","United States Army","National City Bank of New York","University of Virginia","Virginia Military Institute","United States Department of State"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Cumming","Kendrick","Booth","West"],"creators_ssim":["Diana Whiting Smith","Margaret Cumming","Lucy Almira Booth","Edwin Gilliam Booth","Hugh Smith Cumming, Jr.","Clara Diana Cumming","Lucy Booth Cumming","Woodrow Wilson","Cordell Hull","Hugh S. Cumming, Sr.","Hugh S. Cumming, Jr.","Winifred Burney West Cumming","Diana Cumming Kendrick","Manville Kendrick","Richard M. Nixon","Herbert Hoover","Lou Henry Hoover","Dwight D. Eisenhower","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Hampton Presbyterian Church","Baltimore City College","University College of Medicine","U.S. Navy","Pan American Sanitary Bureau","Western High School","United States Army","National City Bank of New York","University of Virginia","Virginia Military Institute","United States Department of State","Cumming","Kendrick","Booth","West"],"access_terms_ssm":["This collection may contain some in-copyright material. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page (https://www.library.virginia.edu/special-collections/services/publishing) for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Diane Untermeyer, 8 August 2020. Gift received during the pandemic in June 2020 and followed up to obtain the deed that occurred in August of 2020."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Cumming, Hugh S. (Hugh Smith), 1869-1948","United States. Department of State","family papers","Correspondence","photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Cumming, Hugh S. (Hugh Smith), 1869-1948","United States. Department of State","family papers","Correspondence","photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Fair - fragile paper and photographs"],"extent_ssm":["2.5 Cubic Feet 1 legal box, 3 letter boxes, 1 flat box, 4 scrapbooks/albums"],"extent_tesim":["2.5 Cubic Feet 1 legal box, 3 letter boxes, 1 flat box, 4 scrapbooks/albums"],"genreform_ssim":["family papers","Correspondence","photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSome daguerreotypes have glass coverings that are cracked. Please handle with extreme care.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research use.","Some daguerreotypes have glass coverings that are cracked. Please handle with extreme care."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis addition to the Cumming Family Papers, the first series in this finding aid, is arranged into four files: Correspondence that relate to the personal and professional lives of members of the Cumming Family; Photographs which include portraits of family ancestors and famous individuals, as well as images depicting the professional lives of family members; Scrapbooks relating to Hugh S. Cumming's children, Winifred Burney West, and to Diana Cumming; and Printed and miscellaneous materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe folders in each of these files are arranged chronologically, except for undated photographs and a written commentary of various photographs. The undated photographs are arranged alphabetically by the subject's last name after the dated folders.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eis as follows:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1- Cumming Family Papers addition ViU-2021-0153\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n   File 1- Correspondence\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n   File 2- Photographs\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n   File 3- Scrapbooks\t\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n   File 4- Printed and miscellaneous materials\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This addition to the Cumming Family Papers, the first series in this finding aid, is arranged into four files: Correspondence that relate to the personal and professional lives of members of the Cumming Family; Photographs which include portraits of family ancestors and famous individuals, as well as images depicting the professional lives of family members; Scrapbooks relating to Hugh S. Cumming's children, Winifred Burney West, and to Diana Cumming; and Printed and miscellaneous materials.","The folders in each of these files are arranged chronologically, except for undated photographs and a written commentary of various photographs. The undated photographs are arranged alphabetically by the subject's last name after the dated folders.","is as follows:","Series 1- Cumming Family Papers addition ViU-2021-0153","File 1- Correspondence","File 2- Photographs","File 3- Scrapbooks","File 4- Printed and miscellaneous materials"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSamuel Cumming, a purported former resident of \u003cgeogname\u003eWigtownshire, Scotland\u003c/geogname\u003e, was born circa 1816 and died before 1916. After immigrating to \u003cgeogname\u003eBaltimore, Maryland\u003c/geogname\u003e around 1823, he moved to Virginia before August 13, 1868, to continue his profession as a \u003coccupation\u003estonemason\u003c/occupation\u003e at Fort Monroe. There, he married \u003cpersname\u003eDiana Whiting Smith\u003c/persname\u003e of \u003cgeogname\u003eElizabeth City County\u003c/geogname\u003e and had at least two children, Samuel Gordon Cumming and Hugh Smith Cumming. In \u003cdate\u003e1879\u003c/date\u003e, he established the \u003ccorpname\u003eHampton Presbyterian Church\u003c/corpname\u003e, now known as First Presbyterian Church. He remarried after Diana's death to \u003cpersname\u003eMargaret Cumming\u003c/persname\u003e, and had several other children, including the Presbyterian Missionary, Calvin Knox Cumming. His son, Samuel Gordon Cumming, an attorney in Hampton, Virginia, died in 1920 after being shot by his wife, Elizabeth Bell Waller, following a divorce agreement. Marital ties expanded the Cumming Family to include members from the Waller, Booth, West, Whiting, Kendrick and Smith families. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHugh Smith Cumming was born on \u003cdate\u003eAugust 17, 1869\u003c/date\u003e, in \u003cgeogname\u003eHampton, Virginia\u003c/geogname\u003e. He attended high school at \u003ccorpname\u003eBaltimore City College\u003c/corpname\u003e and then matriculated at the University of Virginia to study medicine. In \u003cdate\u003e1896\u003c/date\u003e, he married \u003cpersname\u003eLucy Almira Booth\u003c/persname\u003e, whose grandfather, \u003cpersname\u003eEdwin Gilliam Booth\u003c/persname\u003e, was a noted Philadelphia \u003coccupation\u003elawyer\u003c/occupation\u003e and philanthropist to Confederate prisoners held in Northern prisons during the American Civil War. The couple had three children: \u003cpersname\u003eHugh Smith Cumming, Jr.\u003c/persname\u003e, \u003cpersname\u003eClara Diana Cumming\u003c/persname\u003e (Kendrick,) and \u003cpersname\u003eLucy Booth Cumming\u003c/persname\u003e, who died as an infant. His half-nephew, Samuel Calvin Cumming, was a Major General in the United States Marine Corps who served during the first and second World Wars and died in \u003cdate\u003e1986\u003c/date\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe graduated from medical school at the \u003ccorpname\u003eUniversity College of Medicine\u003c/corpname\u003e in \u003cgeogname\u003eRichmond, Virginia\u003c/geogname\u003e. A year later, in \u003cdate\u003e1895\u003c/date\u003e, he began working as a \u003coccupation\u003ephysician\u003c/occupation\u003e for the United States Marine Hospital Service during which time he was stationed in \u003cgeogname\u003eSan Francisco\u003c/geogname\u003e and \u003cgeogname\u003eEllis Island\u003c/geogname\u003e, among other posts. During the World War I, he was then detailed to the \u003ccorpname\u003eU.S. Navy\u003c/corpname\u003e as an adviser in sanitation. In \u003cdate\u003eFebruary 1920\u003c/date\u003e, he was appointed to be the fifth Surgeon General of the United States Public Health Service by President \u003cpersname\u003eWoodrow Wilson\u003c/persname\u003e. He kept his position as Surgeon General until he retired in \u003cdate\u003e1936\u003c/date\u003e but continued working as director of the \u003ccorpname\u003ePan American Sanitary Bureau\u003c/corpname\u003e until his death in 1948.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHugh Smith Cumming's son, Hugh Smith Cumming, Jr. was born \u003cdate\u003eMarch 10, 1900\u003c/date\u003e, in Richmond, Virginia, and married Winifred Burney West in \u003cdate\u003e1935\u003c/date\u003e, with whom he had no recorded children. He graduated from \u003ccorpname\u003eWestern High School\u003c/corpname\u003e in \u003cgeogname\u003eWashington, D.C.\u003c/geogname\u003e before attending the Virginia Military Institute and serving in the \u003ccorpname\u003eUnited States Army\u003c/corpname\u003e during the first World War. After graduating with a degree in law from the University of Virginia in \u003cdate\u003e1924\u003c/date\u003e, he worked in the international department of the \u003ccorpname\u003eNational City Bank of New York\u003c/corpname\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn \u003cdate\u003e1927\u003c/date\u003e, Cumming, Jr., accepted a position at the United States Department of State as a \u003coccupation\u003eclerk\u003c/occupation\u003e with the U.S. Legation in \u003cgeogname\u003ePeking, China\u003c/geogname\u003e. He was then transferred to \u003cgeogname\u003eWashington, D.C.\u003c/geogname\u003e and worked to assist diplomatic and economic relations between the U.S. and several Northern European countries, namely \u003cgeogname\u003eSweden\u003c/geogname\u003e, and in \u003cdate\u003e1936\u003c/date\u003e, he was appointed Executive Assistant to U.S. Secretary of State, \u003cpersname\u003eCordell Hull\u003c/persname\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the World War II, he represented the State Department during the Joint Anglo Swedish American Commission dealing with Allied Pilots downed in Neutral Sweden. After the war, he was a founding conference delegate to the United Nations, and from \u003cdate\u003e1947\u003c/date\u003e to \u003cdate\u003e1950\u003c/date\u003e, was counselor of the U.S. Embassy in Sweden. From \u003cdate\u003e1950\u003c/date\u003e to \u003cdate\u003e1952\u003c/date\u003e, he acted as counselor of the U.S. Embassy in \u003cgeogname\u003eMoscow\u003c/geogname\u003e and briefly acted as its ambassador.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCumming, Jr., was the \u003coccupation\u003eDeputy Secretary General\u003c/occupation\u003e for Political Affairs of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) before U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower nominated him for the position of ambassador to Indonesia, where he served in \u003cgeogname\u003eDjakarta\u003c/geogname\u003e from 1954-1957. After returning to Washington, he organized the State Department's Bureau of Intelligence and Research. He retired in \u003cdate\u003e1964\u003c/date\u003e, after working as Counselor for the State Department.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe was a member of several social clubs, including the Alibi Club of Washington, D.C., and the Chevy Chase club of Chevy Chase, Maryland. He survived his wife by eight years and died in \u003cdate\u003e1986\u003c/date\u003e.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReference list:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCumming, H. S. (1945–1977). Hugh S. Cumming papers (MS C 325). Modern Manuscripts Collection, History of Medicine Division, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEdwin Gilliam Booth (1810-1886). American Aristocracy. (n.d.) https://americanaristocracy.com/people/edwin-gillam-booth  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFirst Presbyterian Church of Hampton. \"Our History.\" First Presbyterian Church of Hampton. Accessed June 25, 2025. https://www.firstpreshampton.org/our-history. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHamm, Robert D. \"Diana Whiting Smith.\" Hamm Roots. Accessed June 25, 2025. https://hammroots.com/getperson.php?personID=I149131\u0026amp;tree=Main. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHugh S. Cumming. (1948). American Journal of Public Health, 39, 225–225. https://doi.org/10.70706/ajph  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHugh Smith Cumming, Jr. FamilySearch.org. (n.d.-b). https://ancestors.familysearch.org/en/L5YN-CJ6/hugh-smith-cumming-jr.-1900-1986  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHugh Smith Cumming. FamilySearch.org. (n.d.-a). https://ancestors.familysearch.org/en/K4LF-9J2/hugh-smith-cumming-1869-1948  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJAMA. (1936, March 7). Surgeon general Hugh S. Cumming retires | JAMA | jama network. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/1155674  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePriest, E. (2016, January 13). Samuel Cumming. FamilySearch.org. https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MFLR-N1Q?lang=en  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWashington Post. (1986, November 26). Hugh Cumming Jr. dies. Washington Post. https://web.archive.org/web/20171227122650/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1986/11/26/hugh-cumming-jr-dies/e58af8fc-ccb7-4c30-926e-7212c7c34208/ \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Samuel Cumming, a purported former resident of Wigtownshire, Scotland, was born circa 1816 and died before 1916. After immigrating to Baltimore, Maryland around 1823, he moved to Virginia before August 13, 1868, to continue his profession as a stonemason at Fort Monroe. There, he married Diana Whiting Smith of Elizabeth City County and had at least two children, Samuel Gordon Cumming and Hugh Smith Cumming. In 1879, he established the Hampton Presbyterian Church, now known as First Presbyterian Church. He remarried after Diana's death to Margaret Cumming, and had several other children, including the Presbyterian Missionary, Calvin Knox Cumming. His son, Samuel Gordon Cumming, an attorney in Hampton, Virginia, died in 1920 after being shot by his wife, Elizabeth Bell Waller, following a divorce agreement. Marital ties expanded the Cumming Family to include members from the Waller, Booth, West, Whiting, Kendrick and Smith families.","Hugh Smith Cumming was born on August 17, 1869, in Hampton, Virginia. He attended high school at Baltimore City College and then matriculated at the University of Virginia to study medicine. In 1896, he married Lucy Almira Booth, whose grandfather, Edwin Gilliam Booth, was a noted Philadelphia lawyer and philanthropist to Confederate prisoners held in Northern prisons during the American Civil War. The couple had three children: Hugh Smith Cumming, Jr., Clara Diana Cumming (Kendrick,) and Lucy Booth Cumming, who died as an infant. His half-nephew, Samuel Calvin Cumming, was a Major General in the United States Marine Corps who served during the first and second World Wars and died in 1986.","He graduated from medical school at the University College of Medicine in Richmond, Virginia. A year later, in 1895, he began working as a physician for the United States Marine Hospital Service during which time he was stationed in San Francisco and Ellis Island, among other posts. During the World War I, he was then detailed to the U.S. Navy as an adviser in sanitation. In February 1920, he was appointed to be the fifth Surgeon General of the United States Public Health Service by President Woodrow Wilson. He kept his position as Surgeon General until he retired in 1936 but continued working as director of the Pan American Sanitary Bureau until his death in 1948.","Hugh Smith Cumming's son, Hugh Smith Cumming, Jr. was born March 10, 1900, in Richmond, Virginia, and married Winifred Burney West in 1935, with whom he had no recorded children. He graduated from Western High School in Washington, D.C. before attending the Virginia Military Institute and serving in the United States Army during the first World War. After graduating with a degree in law from the University of Virginia in 1924, he worked in the international department of the National City Bank of New York.","In 1927, Cumming, Jr., accepted a position at the United States Department of State as a clerk with the U.S. Legation in Peking, China. He was then transferred to Washington, D.C. and worked to assist diplomatic and economic relations between the U.S. and several Northern European countries, namely Sweden, and in 1936, he was appointed Executive Assistant to U.S. Secretary of State, Cordell Hull.","During the World War II, he represented the State Department during the Joint Anglo Swedish American Commission dealing with Allied Pilots downed in Neutral Sweden. After the war, he was a founding conference delegate to the United Nations, and from 1947 to 1950, was counselor of the U.S. Embassy in Sweden. From 1950 to 1952, he acted as counselor of the U.S. Embassy in Moscow and briefly acted as its ambassador.","Cumming, Jr., was the Deputy Secretary General for Political Affairs of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) before U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower nominated him for the position of ambassador to Indonesia, where he served in Djakarta from 1954-1957. After returning to Washington, he organized the State Department's Bureau of Intelligence and Research. He retired in 1964, after working as Counselor for the State Department.","He was a member of several social clubs, including the Alibi Club of Washington, D.C., and the Chevy Chase club of Chevy Chase, Maryland. He survived his wife by eight years and died in 1986.","Reference list:","Cumming, H. S. (1945–1977). Hugh S. Cumming papers (MS C 325). Modern Manuscripts Collection, History of Medicine Division, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD.","Edwin Gilliam Booth (1810-1886). American Aristocracy. (n.d.) https://americanaristocracy.com/people/edwin-gillam-booth","First Presbyterian Church of Hampton. \"Our History.\" First Presbyterian Church of Hampton. Accessed June 25, 2025. https://www.firstpreshampton.org/our-history.","Hamm, Robert D. \"Diana Whiting Smith.\" Hamm Roots. Accessed June 25, 2025. https://hammroots.com/getperson.php?personID=I149131\u0026tree=Main.","Hugh S. Cumming. (1948). American Journal of Public Health, 39, 225–225. https://doi.org/10.70706/ajph","Hugh Smith Cumming, Jr. FamilySearch.org. (n.d.-b). https://ancestors.familysearch.org/en/L5YN-CJ6/hugh-smith-cumming-jr.-1900-1986","Hugh Smith Cumming. FamilySearch.org. (n.d.-a). https://ancestors.familysearch.org/en/K4LF-9J2/hugh-smith-cumming-1869-1948","JAMA. (1936, March 7). Surgeon general Hugh S. Cumming retires | JAMA | jama network. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/1155674","Priest, E. (2016, January 13). Samuel Cumming. FamilySearch.org. https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MFLR-N1Q?lang=en","Washington Post. (1986, November 26). Hugh Cumming Jr. dies. Washington Post. https://web.archive.org/web/20171227122650/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1986/11/26/hugh-cumming-jr-dies/e58af8fc-ccb7-4c30-926e-7212c7c34208/"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 6922, Cumming Family Papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 6922, Cumming Family Papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe purpose of this collection guide is to describe the most recently acquired part(s) of this collection (2021-0153). Boxes listed in this collection guide do not start with Box 1 because previous acquisitions are listed in the library catalog (Virgo) and/or Archival Resources of the Virginias (ARVAS).  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox numbering begins at 84. Staff counted all of the boxes in earlier additions and then continued numbering boxes after that total. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The purpose of this collection guide is to describe the most recently acquired part(s) of this collection (2021-0153). Boxes listed in this collection guide do not start with Box 1 because previous acquisitions are listed in the library catalog (Virgo) and/or Archival Resources of the Virginias (ARVAS).","Box numbering begins at 84. Staff counted all of the boxes in earlier additions and then continued numbering boxes after that total."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe records/guides for this collection's original acquisition and other previous additions can be found in VIRGO, the Library's online catalog, as well as (in many cases) on the Archival Repositories of the Virginias (ARVAS) website.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor best results, search using the collection's Identifier/Call Number.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The records/guides for this collection's original acquisition and other previous additions can be found in VIRGO, the Library's online catalog, as well as (in many cases) on the Archival Repositories of the Virginias (ARVAS) website.","For best results, search using the collection's Identifier/Call Number."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis addition to the Cumming family papers, includes correspondence, scrapbooks, photographs, newspaper clippings, memorabilia, and certificates related to members of the \u003cfamname\u003eCumming\u003c/famname\u003e family, with most pertaining to \u003coccupation\u003eUnited States Surgeon General\u003c/occupation\u003e, \u003cpersname\u003eHugh S. Cumming, Sr.\u003c/persname\u003e (1869-1948) and his son, \u003coccupation\u003eAmbassador\u003c/occupation\u003e \u003cpersname\u003eHugh S. Cumming, Jr.\u003c/persname\u003e (1900-1986). Items include materials related to Hugh Cumming, Jr.'s service in the United States Department of State, and to Hugh S. Cumming, Sr.'s study at the \u003ccorpname\u003eUniversity of Virginia\u003c/corpname\u003e, as well as Hugh S. Cumming, Jr.'s study at the \u003ccorpname\u003eVirginia Military Institute\u003c/corpname\u003e.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMost of the correspondence relates to the social and professional lives of Hugh S. Cumming, Jr. and his wife, \u003cpersname\u003eWinifred Burney West Cumming\u003c/persname\u003e. The periods covered include Cumming's time as \u003coccupation\u003eUnited States Ambassador\u003c/occupation\u003e to \u003cgeogname\u003eIndonesia\u003c/geogname\u003e, but more broadly relate to his time in the \u003ccorpname\u003eUnited States Department of State\u003c/corpname\u003e. There is a small amount of correspondence relating to Hugh S. Cumming, Sr. and his career as Surgeon General of the United States, as well as travel documents and White House invitations mostly relating to \u003cpersname\u003eDiana Cumming Kendrick\u003c/persname\u003e and her husband, \u003cpersname\u003eManville Kendrick\u003c/persname\u003e.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMany photographs include images of Hugh S. Cumming, Sr. and Hugh S. Cumming, Jr.'s public service careers along with portraits of members of the Cumming, \u003cfamname\u003eKendrick\u003c/famname\u003e, \u003cfamname\u003eBooth\u003c/famname\u003e, and \u003cfamname\u003eWest\u003c/famname\u003e families. Of particular interest is a series of inscribed and autographed regular and oversize photograph portraits of individuals involved in the careers of Hugh Cumming, Sr. and Hugh Cumming, Jr. Autographed portraits include those from \u003cpersname\u003eRichard M. Nixon\u003c/persname\u003e, \u003cpersname\u003eHerbert Hoover\u003c/persname\u003e, \u003cpersname\u003eLou Henry Hoover\u003c/persname\u003e, \u003cpersname\u003eDwight D. Eisenhower\u003c/persname\u003e, \u003cpersname\u003eCordell Hull\u003c/persname\u003e, and \u003cname\u003eSukarno\u003c/name\u003e. There are eleven daguerreotypes of family ancestors and an included folder of commentary on their subjects by Hugh S. Cumming, Jr. Also, of note are photographs of the Department of State by Henry \"Hank\" G. Walker for Life Magazine. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScrapbooks in this addition include Hugh S. Cumming, Sr.'s scrapbook (ca. 1900), which contains descriptions of his newborn children and photographs. An included copy of A.O Kaplan's \"The Baby Biography,\" (ca. 1897-1898) describes the infancy of Lucy Booth Cumming and important events around the time of her birth, along with loose correspondence, parlor cards, and childhood photographs of her. This copy of \"The Baby Biography\" was filled in by her parents, Hugh S. Cumming and Lucy Booth Cumming. Diana Cumming's scrapbook (ca. 1918) holds pasted-in letters, ticket stubs, photographs, and illustrations, among other items. The memorial scrapbook regarding Winifred Burney West Cumming is an unbound second volume of a series of photocopied condolence letters to her widower, Hugh S. Cumming, Jr. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrinted materials and miscellaneous items comprise Hugh S. Cumming, Sr.'s \u003cdate\u003e1893\u003c/date\u003e copy of the University of Virginia \"Corks and Curls\" Yearbook, newspaper clippings, and U.S. Department of State Commendations awarded to Hugh S. Cumming, Jr. It also includes a roster of the Virginia Military Institute's Class of \u003cdate\u003e1921\u003c/date\u003e and an etching by Don Swann of the University of Virginia's Rotunda. Oversize materials include a caricature and the official public service appointments of Hugh S. Cumming, Jr.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This addition to the Cumming family papers, includes correspondence, scrapbooks, photographs, newspaper clippings, memorabilia, and certificates related to members of the Cumming family, with most pertaining to United States Surgeon General, Hugh S. Cumming, Sr. (1869-1948) and his son, Ambassador Hugh S. Cumming, Jr. (1900-1986). Items include materials related to Hugh Cumming, Jr.'s service in the United States Department of State, and to Hugh S. Cumming, Sr.'s study at the University of Virginia, as well as Hugh S. Cumming, Jr.'s study at the Virginia Military Institute.","Most of the correspondence relates to the social and professional lives of Hugh S. Cumming, Jr. and his wife, Winifred Burney West Cumming. The periods covered include Cumming's time as United States Ambassador to Indonesia, but more broadly relate to his time in the United States Department of State. There is a small amount of correspondence relating to Hugh S. Cumming, Sr. and his career as Surgeon General of the United States, as well as travel documents and White House invitations mostly relating to Diana Cumming Kendrick and her husband, Manville Kendrick.","Many photographs include images of Hugh S. Cumming, Sr. and Hugh S. Cumming, Jr.'s public service careers along with portraits of members of the Cumming, Kendrick, Booth, and West families. Of particular interest is a series of inscribed and autographed regular and oversize photograph portraits of individuals involved in the careers of Hugh Cumming, Sr. and Hugh Cumming, Jr. Autographed portraits include those from Richard M. Nixon, Herbert Hoover, Lou Henry Hoover, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Cordell Hull, and Sukarno. There are eleven daguerreotypes of family ancestors and an included folder of commentary on their subjects by Hugh S. Cumming, Jr. Also, of note are photographs of the Department of State by Henry \"Hank\" G. Walker for Life Magazine.","Scrapbooks in this addition include Hugh S. Cumming, Sr.'s scrapbook (ca. 1900), which contains descriptions of his newborn children and photographs. An included copy of A.O Kaplan's \"The Baby Biography,\" (ca. 1897-1898) describes the infancy of Lucy Booth Cumming and important events around the time of her birth, along with loose correspondence, parlor cards, and childhood photographs of her. This copy of \"The Baby Biography\" was filled in by her parents, Hugh S. Cumming and Lucy Booth Cumming. Diana Cumming's scrapbook (ca. 1918) holds pasted-in letters, ticket stubs, photographs, and illustrations, among other items. The memorial scrapbook regarding Winifred Burney West Cumming is an unbound second volume of a series of photocopied condolence letters to her widower, Hugh S. Cumming, Jr.","Printed materials and miscellaneous items comprise Hugh S. Cumming, Sr.'s 1893 copy of the University of Virginia \"Corks and Curls\" Yearbook, newspaper clippings, and U.S. Department of State Commendations awarded to Hugh S. Cumming, Jr. It also includes a roster of the Virginia Military Institute's Class of 1921 and an etching by Don Swann of the University of Virginia's Rotunda. Oversize materials include a caricature and the official public service appointments of Hugh S. Cumming, Jr."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection may contain some in-copyright material. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page (https://www.library.virginia.edu/special-collections/services/publishing) for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["This collection may contain some in-copyright material. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page (https://www.library.virginia.edu/special-collections/services/publishing) for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Hampton Presbyterian Church","Baltimore City College","University College of Medicine","U.S. Navy","Pan American Sanitary Bureau","Western High School","United States Army","National City Bank of New York","University of Virginia","Virginia Military Institute","United States Department of State"],"famname_ssim":["Cumming","Kendrick","Booth","West"],"name_ssim":["Sukarno"],"persname_ssim":["Diana Whiting Smith","Margaret Cumming","Lucy Almira Booth","Edwin Gilliam Booth","Hugh Smith Cumming, Jr.","Clara Diana Cumming","Lucy Booth Cumming","Woodrow Wilson","Cordell Hull","Hugh S. Cumming, Sr.","Hugh S. Cumming, Jr.","Winifred Burney West Cumming","Diana Cumming Kendrick","Manville Kendrick","Richard M. Nixon","Herbert Hoover","Lou Henry Hoover","Dwight D. Eisenhower"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Hampton Presbyterian Church","Baltimore City College","University College of Medicine","U.S. Navy","Pan American Sanitary Bureau","Western High School","United States Army","National City Bank of New York","University of Virginia","Virginia Military Institute","United States Department of State","Cumming","Kendrick","Booth","West","Sukarno","Diana Whiting Smith","Margaret Cumming","Lucy Almira Booth","Edwin Gilliam Booth","Hugh Smith Cumming, Jr.","Clara Diana Cumming","Lucy Booth Cumming","Woodrow Wilson","Cordell Hull","Hugh S. Cumming, Sr.","Hugh S. Cumming, Jr.","Winifred Burney West Cumming","Diana Cumming Kendrick","Manville Kendrick","Richard M. Nixon","Herbert Hoover","Lou Henry Hoover","Dwight D. Eisenhower"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":5,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:53:44.527Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1790"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_726","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Earle K. Shawe papers, 1938/2003","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_726#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Shawe, Earle K., 1913-2017","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_726#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003e The papers of Earle K. Shawe consist primarily of memoranda and case briefs from Shawe \u0026amp; Rosenthal related to labor-management relations, some business and personal correspondence, newspaper clippings, and scrapbooks. Also included are some photographs, date books, and an address book.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_726#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_726","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_726","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_726","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_726","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_4_resources_726.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/131626","title_ssm":["Earle K. Shawe papers"],"title_tesim":["Earle K. Shawe papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1938-2003"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1938-2003"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1938/2003"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Earle K. Shawe papers, 1938/2003"],"text":["Earle K. Shawe papers, 1938/2003","MSS.08.3","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/726","Labor unions -- United States","lawyers -- Maryland","practice of law -- Maryland","Scrapbooks","photographs","Earle K. Shawe graduated from the University of Virginia in 1934, and proceeded to become one of the first attorneys at the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB). After serving as the chief law officer for the board's 5th Region, Shawe stepped down in 1947 to start his own private practice in Baltimore, Maryland. Specializing in labor and employment law, Shawe \u0026 Rosenthal rose to prominence after numerous notable cases, including a 1947 filing of the first unfair labor practice charge against a union under the Taft-Hartley Act.","Shawe is recognized as one of the first attorneys in the country to specialize in all areas of labor relations under the National Labor Relations Act, including union avoidance, union elections, collective bargaining, unfair labor practice charges, and union grievance matters. While at the NLRB, Earle tried cases throughout the country, often involving issues of first impression. Upon leaving the Board in 1947, Earle founded the firm that became Shawe Rosenthal, LLP. Beginning with the filing in 1947 of this country's first unfair labor practice charge against a union under the Taft-Hartley Act, Shawe was instrumental in the firm's development of a national practice representing management in all areas of labor relations. Shawe's interest in, and zealous commitment to, his firm's clients and the furtherance of management's interests in employee relations is nationally recognized and explains the roots of Shawe Rosenthal, LLP's, continued growth in the successful representation of employers in significant local and national labor relations matters. His contribution to the development of labor law was not limited to his activities on behalf of his firm's clients. He also wrote, spoke, and testified as to the concerns of management in regard to its relations with employees. He was similarly active in city, state, and national bar and professional associations. His accomplishments in the field of labor law were recognized by his election as a Fellow of the College of Labor and Employment Lawyers in 1999.","Shawe gave generously to the University of Virignia Law School, esablishing in the early 1990s the Earle K. Shawe Labor Relations Award, a monetary award that is given to the graduating student who shows the greatest promise of becoming a successful practitioner in the field of labor relations.","Earle K. Shawe died June 30, 2017, aged 104.","The papers of Earle K. Shawe consist primarily of memoranda and case briefs from Shawe \u0026 Rosenthal related to labor-management relations, some business and personal correspondence, newspaper clippings, and scrapbooks. Also included are some photographs, date books, and an address book.","The addendum to this collection consists of letters and postcards that Shawe sent to his brother while he was a law student at the University of Virginia.","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","National Labor Relations Board","Shawe, Earle K., 1913-2017","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Earle K. Shawe papers, 1938/2003"],"collection_ssim":["Earle K. Shawe papers, 1938/2003"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.08.3","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/726"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.08.3","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/726"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Shawe, Earle K., 1913-2017"],"creator_ssim":["Shawe, Earle K., 1913-2017"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Shawe, Earle K., 1913-2017"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","National Labor Relations Board"],"creators_ssim":["Shawe, Earle K., 1913-2017","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","National Labor Relations Board"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Earle K. Shawe donated the first part of his papers in the fall of 2008. 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Shawe graduated from the University of Virginia in 1934, and proceeded to become one of the first attorneys at the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB). After serving as the chief law officer for the board's 5th Region, Shawe stepped down in 1947 to start his own private practice in Baltimore, Maryland. Specializing in labor and employment law, Shawe \u0026amp; Rosenthal rose to prominence after numerous notable cases, including a 1947 filing of the first unfair labor practice charge against a union under the Taft-Hartley Act.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShawe is recognized as one of the first attorneys in the country to specialize in all areas of labor relations under the National Labor Relations Act, including union avoidance, union elections, collective bargaining, unfair labor practice charges, and union grievance matters. While at the NLRB, Earle tried cases throughout the country, often involving issues of first impression. Upon leaving the Board in 1947, Earle founded the firm that became Shawe Rosenthal, LLP. Beginning with the filing in 1947 of this country's first unfair labor practice charge against a union under the Taft-Hartley Act, Shawe was instrumental in the firm's development of a national practice representing management in all areas of labor relations. Shawe's interest in, and zealous commitment to, his firm's clients and the furtherance of management's interests in employee relations is nationally recognized and explains the roots of Shawe Rosenthal, LLP's, continued growth in the successful representation of employers in significant local and national labor relations matters. His contribution to the development of labor law was not limited to his activities on behalf of his firm's clients. He also wrote, spoke, and testified as to the concerns of management in regard to its relations with employees. He was similarly active in city, state, and national bar and professional associations. His accomplishments in the field of labor law were recognized by his election as a Fellow of the College of Labor and Employment Lawyers in 1999.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShawe gave generously to the University of Virignia Law School, esablishing in the early 1990s the Earle K. Shawe Labor Relations Award, a monetary award that is given to the graduating student who shows the greatest promise of becoming a successful practitioner in the field of labor relations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEarle K. Shawe died June 30, 2017, aged 104.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Earle K. Shawe graduated from the University of Virginia in 1934, and proceeded to become one of the first attorneys at the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB). After serving as the chief law officer for the board's 5th Region, Shawe stepped down in 1947 to start his own private practice in Baltimore, Maryland. Specializing in labor and employment law, Shawe \u0026 Rosenthal rose to prominence after numerous notable cases, including a 1947 filing of the first unfair labor practice charge against a union under the Taft-Hartley Act.","Shawe is recognized as one of the first attorneys in the country to specialize in all areas of labor relations under the National Labor Relations Act, including union avoidance, union elections, collective bargaining, unfair labor practice charges, and union grievance matters. While at the NLRB, Earle tried cases throughout the country, often involving issues of first impression. Upon leaving the Board in 1947, Earle founded the firm that became Shawe Rosenthal, LLP. Beginning with the filing in 1947 of this country's first unfair labor practice charge against a union under the Taft-Hartley Act, Shawe was instrumental in the firm's development of a national practice representing management in all areas of labor relations. 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Shawe Labor Relations Award, a monetary award that is given to the graduating student who shows the greatest promise of becoming a successful practitioner in the field of labor relations.","Earle K. Shawe died June 30, 2017, aged 104."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nThe papers of Earle K. Shawe consist primarily of memoranda and case briefs from Shawe \u0026amp; Rosenthal related to labor-management relations, some business and personal correspondence, newspaper clippings, and scrapbooks. Also included are some photographs, date books, and an address book.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe addendum to this collection consists of letters and postcards that Shawe sent to his brother while he was a law student at the University of Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The papers of Earle K. 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Upon his death the gun was given to Lynn, who also donated it to the Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Chief Justice Earl Warren collection is a small compilation of correspondence, clippings, memorabilia, and letters related to Chief Justice Warren's career and friendships.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Chief Justice Earl Warren collection is a small compilation of correspondence, clippings, memorabilia, and letters related to Chief Justice Warren's career and friendships."],"corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Lynn, Wallace R., 1897-1990","Warren, Earl, 1891-1974","Brown, Jerry, 1938-","Brown, Edmund G. (Edmund Gerald), 1905-1996"],"names_coll_ssim":["Warren, Earl, 1891-1974","Brown, Jerry, 1938-","Brown, Edmund G. (Edmund Gerald), 1905-1996"],"names_ssim":["Arthur J. 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Upon his death the gun was given to Lynn, who also donated it to the Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Chief Justice Earl Warren collection is a small compilation of correspondence, clippings, memorabilia, and letters related to Chief Justice Warren's career and friendships.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Chief Justice Earl Warren collection is a small compilation of correspondence, clippings, memorabilia, and letters related to Chief Justice Warren's career and friendships."],"corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Lynn, Wallace R., 1897-1990","Warren, Earl, 1891-1974","Brown, Jerry, 1938-","Brown, Edmund G. (Edmund Gerald), 1905-1996"],"names_coll_ssim":["Warren, Earl, 1891-1974","Brown, Jerry, 1938-","Brown, Edmund G. (Edmund Gerald), 1905-1996"],"names_ssim":["Arthur J. 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Barrett, Jr. (Elijah Barrett), 1925-2016","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_100#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe papers of E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. consist of correspondence files dating from 1944 to 1982, as well as the working papers from his clerkship for Justices Robert H. Jackson, Felix Frankfurter, and John M. Harlan (1953-1955).\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_100#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_100","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_100","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_100","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_100","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_4_resources_100.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/107670","title_ssm":["E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. papers"],"title_tesim":["E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1944-1989","1953-1955"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1944-1989"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1953-1955"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1944/1989, bulk 1953/1955"],"normalized_title_ssm":["E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. papers, 1944/1989, bulk 1953/1955"],"text":["E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. papers, 1944/1989, bulk 1953/1955","MSS.86.5","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/100","School integration -- Law and legislation","Segregation in education -- Law and legislation -- United States","United States. Supreme Court -- History -- 20th century","letters (correspondence)","photographs","There are no restrictions.","E. Barrett Prettyman Jr., a life-long resident of the Washington, DC, area, received his undergraduate degree from Yale University in 1949. He attended law school at the University of Virginia and served on the editorial board of the Virginia Law Review. In addition, he was active in the Student Legal Forum, on behalf of which he extended speaking invitations to Justices Robert H. Jackson and Felix Frankfurter, both of whom accepted. In late 1952, Prettyman was selected to clerk for Justice Jackson after his graduation the following June.","The Supreme Court was deeply involved in consideration of Brown v. Board of Education when Prettyman began his clerkship. In his history of Brown titled Simple Justice (New York: Alfred Knopf, 1975), Richard Kluger describes in detail the work of the justices in early 1954. \"[Chief Justice Earl] Warren's highest hope, for a single unanimous opinion, did not look especially bright. It rested in large part on his overcoming the philosophical reservations of both Felix Frankfurter and Robert Jackson, men who could talk, write and think rings around the Chief Justice. Neither was likely to curl up at Warren's mere bidding.\"(683)","Justice Frankfurter circulated a memorandum outlining his thoughts in January, and in February Justice Jackson wrote out his ideas in a lengthy draft opinion. He began: \"The race problem would be quickly solved if some way could be found to make us all live up to our hypocrisies.\" Jackson discussed the history of racism from the legislative and judicial perspective and found no acceptable justification for revising the pattern. He finally concluded that segregation should be forcefully put to rest simply because the black population, not the Constitution, had changed.","Barrett Prettyman read Jackson's memorandum and wrote a thoughtful reply. Of Prettyman's work, Kluger wrote: \"It is doubtful if any of the many excellent young men who have come fresh out of the law schools or soon thereafter to serve the Justices of the Supreme Court ever served more faithfully or usefully than Barrett Prettyman served Justice Jackson. What part Prettyman's memo played will never be known, but it is a fact that Jackson, having written this much on the segregation cases, wrote no more.\"(691)","Justice Jackson had a heart attack about seven weeks before the decision inBrownwas handed down in the spring of 1954. During his subsequent extended hospitalization, Prettyman brought work for him to review, including Chief Justice Warren's draft opinion in Brown and Justice Frankfurter's colorful and verbose reports of the justices' conferences. Despite his poor health, Jackson was on the bench on May 17 when the unanimous Browndecision was handed down.","During the summer of 1954, Chief Justice Warren appointed six clerks to study and report ways that desegregation might be implemented. Prettyman, a member of this team, was assigned to map out Spartanburg, South Carolina, in terms of its black and white population and to suggest a prototypical plan for integrating its schools; other clerks were given similar assignments. They then pooled their ideas to formulate an approach the Supreme Court should take on implementation of integration, but could not agree on the important question of timing. Prettyman favored a compromise between forcing immediate desegregation and allowing communities an indefinite period of time to act.","Justice Jackson died in the fall of 1954, and Prettyman went to work for Justice Frankfurter, who had the highest praise for the young man's work and clearly took a personal interest in him. John Marshall Harlan, a judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, was nominated in November 1954 to take Jackson's place on the Court. Harlan's mere name put Senate conservatives on guard because his grandfather had been the sole dissenter in Plessy v. Ferguson; consequently, his nomination was held up in the Senate for four months. In the interim he invited Prettyman to be one of his first two clerks, and Prettyman accepted.","At the conclusion of his clerkship in the early summer of 1955, Barrett Prettyman joined the Washington, D.C., firm of Hogan and Hartson, where he is now a partner.","The papers of E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. consist of correspondence files dating from 1944 to 1982, as well as the working papers from his clerkship for Justices Robert H. Jackson, Felix Frankfurter, and John M. Harlan (1953-1955).","Prettyman had arranged the correspondence by name of the justice who was the correspondent/subject. For each man there is correspondence from Prettyman's clerkship period, and later correspondence with other former clerks about reunions. In addition, the Jackson correspondence contains a few letters from Jackson and a good many related to his death. In the Frankfurter file there are many short, handwritten notes from Frankfurter to his clerk commenting on cases before the Court as they were being heard, making requests, or expressing opinions about other justices' views. Frankfurter's notes are also sprinkled throughout the case materials. The Harlan letters date from the period just before he went on the Court until the time of his death, since Justice and Mrs. Harlan maintained their friendship with Prettyman and his wife Evelyn after the short clerkship ended.","The working papers contain one or more folders on a dozen specific cases, several folders on an assortment of cases, and twelve folders containing Prettyman's certiorari petition memoranda annotated by the three justices. Of the case material, the most significant concerns Brown v. Board of Education and includes drafts of Prettyman's memoranda to Jackson regarding the justice's draft opinion, the map of Spartanburg, Prettyman's memo concerning implementation, and signed copies of the opinion and the decree.","This collection documenting the work of a Supreme Court law clerk is significant because of the stature of the three justices Prettyman clerked for at such an important time in the Court's history. Furthermore, records of Supreme Court clerkships are rare. Legal historians of theBrownera will find these papers valuable and interesting.\n  \n  This collection has been digitized.","There are no restrictions.","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Prettyman, E. Barrett, Jr. (Elijah Barrett), 1925-2016","Burton, Harold H., 1888-1964","Douglas, William O., 1898-1980","Frankfurter, Felix, 1882-1965","Harlan, John M., 1899-1971","Jackson, Robert H., 1892-1954","Sobeloff, Simon, 1894-1973","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. papers, 1944/1989, bulk 1953/1955"],"collection_ssim":["E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. papers, 1944/1989, bulk 1953/1955"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.86.5","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/100"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.86.5","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/100"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Prettyman, E. Barrett, Jr. (Elijah Barrett), 1925-2016"],"creator_ssim":["Prettyman, E. Barrett, Jr. (Elijah Barrett), 1925-2016"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Prettyman, E. Barrett, Jr. (Elijah Barrett), 1925-2016","Burton, Harold H., 1888-1964","Douglas, William O., 1898-1980","Frankfurter, Felix, 1882-1965","Harlan, John M., 1899-1971","Jackson, Robert H., 1892-1954","Sobeloff, Simon, 1894-1973"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"creators_ssim":["Prettyman, E. Barrett, Jr. (Elijah Barrett), 1925-2016","Burton, Harold H., 1888-1964","Douglas, William O., 1898-1980","Frankfurter, Felix, 1882-1965","Harlan, John M., 1899-1971","Jackson, Robert H., 1892-1954","Sobeloff, Simon, 1894-1973","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. gifted this collection to the Law Library in 1986 and an addendum in 1989."],"access_subjects_ssim":["School integration -- Law and legislation","Segregation in education -- Law and legislation -- United States","United States. Supreme Court -- History -- 20th century","letters (correspondence)","photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["School integration -- Law and legislation","Segregation in education -- Law and legislation -- United States","United States. Supreme Court -- History -- 20th century","letters (correspondence)","photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3 Linear Feet 4 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["3 Linear Feet 4 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["letters (correspondence)","photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eE. Barrett Prettyman Jr., a life-long resident of the Washington, DC, area, received his undergraduate degree from Yale University in 1949. He attended law school at the University of Virginia and served on the editorial board of the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eVirginia Law Review\u003c/emph\u003e. In addition, he was active in the Student Legal Forum, on behalf of which he extended speaking invitations to Justices Robert H. Jackson and Felix Frankfurter, both of whom accepted. In late 1952, Prettyman was selected to clerk for Justice Jackson after his graduation the following June.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  The Supreme Court was deeply involved in consideration of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBrown v. Board of Education\u003c/emph\u003e when Prettyman began his clerkship. In his history of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBrown\u003c/emph\u003e titled \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSimple Justice\u003c/emph\u003e (New York: Alfred Knopf, 1975), Richard Kluger describes in detail the work of the justices in early 1954. \"[Chief Justice Earl] Warren's highest hope, for a single unanimous opinion, did not look especially bright. It rested in large part on his overcoming the philosophical reservations of both Felix Frankfurter and Robert Jackson, men who could talk, write and think rings around the Chief Justice. Neither was likely to curl up at Warren's mere bidding.\"(683)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Justice Frankfurter circulated a memorandum outlining his thoughts in January, and in February Justice Jackson wrote out his ideas in a lengthy draft opinion. He began: \"The race problem would be quickly solved if some way could be found to make us all live up to our hypocrisies.\" Jackson discussed the history of racism from the legislative and judicial perspective and found no acceptable justification for revising the pattern. He finally concluded that segregation should be forcefully put to rest simply because the black population, not the Constitution, had changed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Barrett Prettyman read Jackson's memorandum and wrote a thoughtful reply. Of Prettyman's work, Kluger wrote: \"It is doubtful if any of the many excellent young men who have come fresh out of the law schools or soon thereafter to serve the Justices of the Supreme Court ever served more faithfully or usefully than Barrett Prettyman served Justice Jackson. What part Prettyman's memo played will never be known, but it is a fact that Jackson, having written this much on the segregation cases, wrote no more.\"(691)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Justice Jackson had a heart attack about seven weeks before the decision in\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBrown\u003c/emph\u003ewas handed down in the spring of 1954. During his subsequent extended hospitalization, Prettyman brought work for him to review, including Chief Justice Warren's draft opinion in \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBrown\u003c/emph\u003e and Justice Frankfurter's colorful and verbose reports of the justices' conferences. Despite his poor health, Jackson was on the bench on May 17 when the unanimous \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBrown\u003c/emph\u003edecision was handed down.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  During the summer of 1954, Chief Justice Warren appointed six clerks to study and report ways that desegregation might be implemented. Prettyman, a member of this team, was assigned to map out Spartanburg, South Carolina, in terms of its black and white population and to suggest a prototypical plan for integrating its schools; other clerks were given similar assignments. They then pooled their ideas to formulate an approach the Supreme Court should take on implementation of integration, but could not agree on the important question of timing. Prettyman favored a compromise between forcing immediate desegregation and allowing communities an indefinite period of time to act.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Justice Jackson died in the fall of 1954, and Prettyman went to work for Justice Frankfurter, who had the highest praise for the young man's work and clearly took a personal interest in him. John Marshall Harlan, a judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, was nominated in November 1954 to take Jackson's place on the Court. Harlan's mere name put Senate conservatives on guard because his grandfather had been the sole dissenter in \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003ePlessy v. Ferguson\u003c/emph\u003e; consequently, his nomination was held up in the Senate for four months. In the interim he invited Prettyman to be one of his first two clerks, and Prettyman accepted.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  At the conclusion of his clerkship in the early summer of 1955, Barrett Prettyman joined the Washington, D.C., firm of Hogan and Hartson, where he is now a partner.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["E. Barrett Prettyman Jr., a life-long resident of the Washington, DC, area, received his undergraduate degree from Yale University in 1949. He attended law school at the University of Virginia and served on the editorial board of the Virginia Law Review. In addition, he was active in the Student Legal Forum, on behalf of which he extended speaking invitations to Justices Robert H. Jackson and Felix Frankfurter, both of whom accepted. In late 1952, Prettyman was selected to clerk for Justice Jackson after his graduation the following June.","The Supreme Court was deeply involved in consideration of Brown v. Board of Education when Prettyman began his clerkship. In his history of Brown titled Simple Justice (New York: Alfred Knopf, 1975), Richard Kluger describes in detail the work of the justices in early 1954. \"[Chief Justice Earl] Warren's highest hope, for a single unanimous opinion, did not look especially bright. It rested in large part on his overcoming the philosophical reservations of both Felix Frankfurter and Robert Jackson, men who could talk, write and think rings around the Chief Justice. Neither was likely to curl up at Warren's mere bidding.\"(683)","Justice Frankfurter circulated a memorandum outlining his thoughts in January, and in February Justice Jackson wrote out his ideas in a lengthy draft opinion. He began: \"The race problem would be quickly solved if some way could be found to make us all live up to our hypocrisies.\" Jackson discussed the history of racism from the legislative and judicial perspective and found no acceptable justification for revising the pattern. He finally concluded that segregation should be forcefully put to rest simply because the black population, not the Constitution, had changed.","Barrett Prettyman read Jackson's memorandum and wrote a thoughtful reply. Of Prettyman's work, Kluger wrote: \"It is doubtful if any of the many excellent young men who have come fresh out of the law schools or soon thereafter to serve the Justices of the Supreme Court ever served more faithfully or usefully than Barrett Prettyman served Justice Jackson. What part Prettyman's memo played will never be known, but it is a fact that Jackson, having written this much on the segregation cases, wrote no more.\"(691)","Justice Jackson had a heart attack about seven weeks before the decision inBrownwas handed down in the spring of 1954. During his subsequent extended hospitalization, Prettyman brought work for him to review, including Chief Justice Warren's draft opinion in Brown and Justice Frankfurter's colorful and verbose reports of the justices' conferences. Despite his poor health, Jackson was on the bench on May 17 when the unanimous Browndecision was handed down.","During the summer of 1954, Chief Justice Warren appointed six clerks to study and report ways that desegregation might be implemented. Prettyman, a member of this team, was assigned to map out Spartanburg, South Carolina, in terms of its black and white population and to suggest a prototypical plan for integrating its schools; other clerks were given similar assignments. They then pooled their ideas to formulate an approach the Supreme Court should take on implementation of integration, but could not agree on the important question of timing. Prettyman favored a compromise between forcing immediate desegregation and allowing communities an indefinite period of time to act.","Justice Jackson died in the fall of 1954, and Prettyman went to work for Justice Frankfurter, who had the highest praise for the young man's work and clearly took a personal interest in him. John Marshall Harlan, a judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, was nominated in November 1954 to take Jackson's place on the Court. Harlan's mere name put Senate conservatives on guard because his grandfather had been the sole dissenter in Plessy v. Ferguson; consequently, his nomination was held up in the Senate for four months. In the interim he invited Prettyman to be one of his first two clerks, and Prettyman accepted.","At the conclusion of his clerkship in the early summer of 1955, Barrett Prettyman joined the Washington, D.C., firm of Hogan and Hartson, where he is now a partner."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers of E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. consist of correspondence files dating from 1944 to 1982, as well as the working papers from his clerkship for Justices Robert H. Jackson, Felix Frankfurter, and John M. Harlan (1953-1955).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Prettyman had arranged the correspondence by name of the justice who was the correspondent/subject. For each man there is correspondence from Prettyman's clerkship period, and later correspondence with other former clerks about reunions. In addition, the Jackson correspondence contains a few letters from Jackson and a good many related to his death. In the Frankfurter file there are many short, handwritten notes from Frankfurter to his clerk commenting on cases before the Court as they were being heard, making requests, or expressing opinions about other justices' views. Frankfurter's notes are also sprinkled throughout the case materials. The Harlan letters date from the period just before he went on the Court until the time of his death, since Justice and Mrs. Harlan maintained their friendship with Prettyman and his wife Evelyn after the short clerkship ended.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  The working papers contain one or more folders on a dozen specific cases, several folders on an assortment of cases, and twelve folders containing Prettyman's certiorari petition memoranda annotated by the three justices. Of the case material, the most significant concerns \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBrown v. Board of Education\u003c/emph\u003e and includes drafts of Prettyman's memoranda to Jackson regarding the justice's draft opinion, the map of Spartanburg, Prettyman's memo concerning implementation, and signed copies of the opinion and the decree.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  This collection documenting the work of a Supreme Court law clerk is significant because of the stature of the three justices Prettyman clerked for at such an important time in the Court's history. Furthermore, records of Supreme Court clerkships are rare. Legal historians of the\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBrown\u003c/emph\u003eera will find these papers valuable and interesting.\n  \n  This collection has been digitized.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The papers of E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. consist of correspondence files dating from 1944 to 1982, as well as the working papers from his clerkship for Justices Robert H. Jackson, Felix Frankfurter, and John M. Harlan (1953-1955).","Prettyman had arranged the correspondence by name of the justice who was the correspondent/subject. For each man there is correspondence from Prettyman's clerkship period, and later correspondence with other former clerks about reunions. In addition, the Jackson correspondence contains a few letters from Jackson and a good many related to his death. In the Frankfurter file there are many short, handwritten notes from Frankfurter to his clerk commenting on cases before the Court as they were being heard, making requests, or expressing opinions about other justices' views. Frankfurter's notes are also sprinkled throughout the case materials. The Harlan letters date from the period just before he went on the Court until the time of his death, since Justice and Mrs. Harlan maintained their friendship with Prettyman and his wife Evelyn after the short clerkship ended.","The working papers contain one or more folders on a dozen specific cases, several folders on an assortment of cases, and twelve folders containing Prettyman's certiorari petition memoranda annotated by the three justices. Of the case material, the most significant concerns Brown v. Board of Education and includes drafts of Prettyman's memoranda to Jackson regarding the justice's draft opinion, the map of Spartanburg, Prettyman's memo concerning implementation, and signed copies of the opinion and the decree.","This collection documenting the work of a Supreme Court law clerk is significant because of the stature of the three justices Prettyman clerked for at such an important time in the Court's history. Furthermore, records of Supreme Court clerkships are rare. Legal historians of theBrownera will find these papers valuable and interesting.\n  \n  This collection has been digitized."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Prettyman, E. Barrett, Jr. (Elijah Barrett), 1925-2016","Burton, Harold H., 1888-1964","Douglas, William O., 1898-1980","Frankfurter, Felix, 1882-1965","Harlan, John M., 1899-1971","Jackson, Robert H., 1892-1954","Sobeloff, Simon, 1894-1973"],"names_coll_ssim":["Burton, Harold H., 1888-1964","Douglas, William O., 1898-1980","Frankfurter, Felix, 1882-1965","Harlan, John M., 1899-1971","Jackson, Robert H., 1892-1954","Sobeloff, Simon, 1894-1973","Prettyman, E. Barrett, Jr. (Elijah Barrett), 1925-2016"],"names_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Prettyman, E. Barrett, Jr. (Elijah Barrett), 1925-2016","Burton, Harold H., 1888-1964","Douglas, William O., 1898-1980","Frankfurter, Felix, 1882-1965","Harlan, John M., 1899-1971","Jackson, Robert H., 1892-1954","Sobeloff, Simon, 1894-1973"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":46,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-15T00:04:47.156Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_100","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_100","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_100","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_100","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_4_resources_100.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/107670","title_ssm":["E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. papers"],"title_tesim":["E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1944-1989","1953-1955"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1944-1989"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1953-1955"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1944/1989, bulk 1953/1955"],"normalized_title_ssm":["E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. papers, 1944/1989, bulk 1953/1955"],"text":["E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. papers, 1944/1989, bulk 1953/1955","MSS.86.5","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/100","School integration -- Law and legislation","Segregation in education -- Law and legislation -- United States","United States. Supreme Court -- History -- 20th century","letters (correspondence)","photographs","There are no restrictions.","E. Barrett Prettyman Jr., a life-long resident of the Washington, DC, area, received his undergraduate degree from Yale University in 1949. He attended law school at the University of Virginia and served on the editorial board of the Virginia Law Review. In addition, he was active in the Student Legal Forum, on behalf of which he extended speaking invitations to Justices Robert H. Jackson and Felix Frankfurter, both of whom accepted. In late 1952, Prettyman was selected to clerk for Justice Jackson after his graduation the following June.","The Supreme Court was deeply involved in consideration of Brown v. Board of Education when Prettyman began his clerkship. In his history of Brown titled Simple Justice (New York: Alfred Knopf, 1975), Richard Kluger describes in detail the work of the justices in early 1954. \"[Chief Justice Earl] Warren's highest hope, for a single unanimous opinion, did not look especially bright. It rested in large part on his overcoming the philosophical reservations of both Felix Frankfurter and Robert Jackson, men who could talk, write and think rings around the Chief Justice. Neither was likely to curl up at Warren's mere bidding.\"(683)","Justice Frankfurter circulated a memorandum outlining his thoughts in January, and in February Justice Jackson wrote out his ideas in a lengthy draft opinion. He began: \"The race problem would be quickly solved if some way could be found to make us all live up to our hypocrisies.\" Jackson discussed the history of racism from the legislative and judicial perspective and found no acceptable justification for revising the pattern. He finally concluded that segregation should be forcefully put to rest simply because the black population, not the Constitution, had changed.","Barrett Prettyman read Jackson's memorandum and wrote a thoughtful reply. Of Prettyman's work, Kluger wrote: \"It is doubtful if any of the many excellent young men who have come fresh out of the law schools or soon thereafter to serve the Justices of the Supreme Court ever served more faithfully or usefully than Barrett Prettyman served Justice Jackson. What part Prettyman's memo played will never be known, but it is a fact that Jackson, having written this much on the segregation cases, wrote no more.\"(691)","Justice Jackson had a heart attack about seven weeks before the decision inBrownwas handed down in the spring of 1954. During his subsequent extended hospitalization, Prettyman brought work for him to review, including Chief Justice Warren's draft opinion in Brown and Justice Frankfurter's colorful and verbose reports of the justices' conferences. Despite his poor health, Jackson was on the bench on May 17 when the unanimous Browndecision was handed down.","During the summer of 1954, Chief Justice Warren appointed six clerks to study and report ways that desegregation might be implemented. Prettyman, a member of this team, was assigned to map out Spartanburg, South Carolina, in terms of its black and white population and to suggest a prototypical plan for integrating its schools; other clerks were given similar assignments. They then pooled their ideas to formulate an approach the Supreme Court should take on implementation of integration, but could not agree on the important question of timing. Prettyman favored a compromise between forcing immediate desegregation and allowing communities an indefinite period of time to act.","Justice Jackson died in the fall of 1954, and Prettyman went to work for Justice Frankfurter, who had the highest praise for the young man's work and clearly took a personal interest in him. John Marshall Harlan, a judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, was nominated in November 1954 to take Jackson's place on the Court. Harlan's mere name put Senate conservatives on guard because his grandfather had been the sole dissenter in Plessy v. Ferguson; consequently, his nomination was held up in the Senate for four months. In the interim he invited Prettyman to be one of his first two clerks, and Prettyman accepted.","At the conclusion of his clerkship in the early summer of 1955, Barrett Prettyman joined the Washington, D.C., firm of Hogan and Hartson, where he is now a partner.","The papers of E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. consist of correspondence files dating from 1944 to 1982, as well as the working papers from his clerkship for Justices Robert H. Jackson, Felix Frankfurter, and John M. Harlan (1953-1955).","Prettyman had arranged the correspondence by name of the justice who was the correspondent/subject. For each man there is correspondence from Prettyman's clerkship period, and later correspondence with other former clerks about reunions. In addition, the Jackson correspondence contains a few letters from Jackson and a good many related to his death. In the Frankfurter file there are many short, handwritten notes from Frankfurter to his clerk commenting on cases before the Court as they were being heard, making requests, or expressing opinions about other justices' views. Frankfurter's notes are also sprinkled throughout the case materials. The Harlan letters date from the period just before he went on the Court until the time of his death, since Justice and Mrs. Harlan maintained their friendship with Prettyman and his wife Evelyn after the short clerkship ended.","The working papers contain one or more folders on a dozen specific cases, several folders on an assortment of cases, and twelve folders containing Prettyman's certiorari petition memoranda annotated by the three justices. Of the case material, the most significant concerns Brown v. Board of Education and includes drafts of Prettyman's memoranda to Jackson regarding the justice's draft opinion, the map of Spartanburg, Prettyman's memo concerning implementation, and signed copies of the opinion and the decree.","This collection documenting the work of a Supreme Court law clerk is significant because of the stature of the three justices Prettyman clerked for at such an important time in the Court's history. Furthermore, records of Supreme Court clerkships are rare. Legal historians of theBrownera will find these papers valuable and interesting.\n  \n  This collection has been digitized.","There are no restrictions.","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Prettyman, E. Barrett, Jr. (Elijah Barrett), 1925-2016","Burton, Harold H., 1888-1964","Douglas, William O., 1898-1980","Frankfurter, Felix, 1882-1965","Harlan, John M., 1899-1971","Jackson, Robert H., 1892-1954","Sobeloff, Simon, 1894-1973","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. papers, 1944/1989, bulk 1953/1955"],"collection_ssim":["E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. papers, 1944/1989, bulk 1953/1955"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.86.5","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/100"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.86.5","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/100"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Prettyman, E. Barrett, Jr. (Elijah Barrett), 1925-2016"],"creator_ssim":["Prettyman, E. Barrett, Jr. (Elijah Barrett), 1925-2016"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Prettyman, E. Barrett, Jr. (Elijah Barrett), 1925-2016","Burton, Harold H., 1888-1964","Douglas, William O., 1898-1980","Frankfurter, Felix, 1882-1965","Harlan, John M., 1899-1971","Jackson, Robert H., 1892-1954","Sobeloff, Simon, 1894-1973"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"creators_ssim":["Prettyman, E. Barrett, Jr. (Elijah Barrett), 1925-2016","Burton, Harold H., 1888-1964","Douglas, William O., 1898-1980","Frankfurter, Felix, 1882-1965","Harlan, John M., 1899-1971","Jackson, Robert H., 1892-1954","Sobeloff, Simon, 1894-1973","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. gifted this collection to the Law Library in 1986 and an addendum in 1989."],"access_subjects_ssim":["School integration -- Law and legislation","Segregation in education -- Law and legislation -- United States","United States. Supreme Court -- History -- 20th century","letters (correspondence)","photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["School integration -- Law and legislation","Segregation in education -- Law and legislation -- United States","United States. Supreme Court -- History -- 20th century","letters (correspondence)","photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3 Linear Feet 4 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["3 Linear Feet 4 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["letters (correspondence)","photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eE. Barrett Prettyman Jr., a life-long resident of the Washington, DC, area, received his undergraduate degree from Yale University in 1949. He attended law school at the University of Virginia and served on the editorial board of the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eVirginia Law Review\u003c/emph\u003e. In addition, he was active in the Student Legal Forum, on behalf of which he extended speaking invitations to Justices Robert H. Jackson and Felix Frankfurter, both of whom accepted. In late 1952, Prettyman was selected to clerk for Justice Jackson after his graduation the following June.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  The Supreme Court was deeply involved in consideration of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBrown v. Board of Education\u003c/emph\u003e when Prettyman began his clerkship. In his history of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBrown\u003c/emph\u003e titled \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSimple Justice\u003c/emph\u003e (New York: Alfred Knopf, 1975), Richard Kluger describes in detail the work of the justices in early 1954. \"[Chief Justice Earl] Warren's highest hope, for a single unanimous opinion, did not look especially bright. It rested in large part on his overcoming the philosophical reservations of both Felix Frankfurter and Robert Jackson, men who could talk, write and think rings around the Chief Justice. Neither was likely to curl up at Warren's mere bidding.\"(683)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Justice Frankfurter circulated a memorandum outlining his thoughts in January, and in February Justice Jackson wrote out his ideas in a lengthy draft opinion. He began: \"The race problem would be quickly solved if some way could be found to make us all live up to our hypocrisies.\" Jackson discussed the history of racism from the legislative and judicial perspective and found no acceptable justification for revising the pattern. He finally concluded that segregation should be forcefully put to rest simply because the black population, not the Constitution, had changed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Barrett Prettyman read Jackson's memorandum and wrote a thoughtful reply. Of Prettyman's work, Kluger wrote: \"It is doubtful if any of the many excellent young men who have come fresh out of the law schools or soon thereafter to serve the Justices of the Supreme Court ever served more faithfully or usefully than Barrett Prettyman served Justice Jackson. What part Prettyman's memo played will never be known, but it is a fact that Jackson, having written this much on the segregation cases, wrote no more.\"(691)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Justice Jackson had a heart attack about seven weeks before the decision in\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBrown\u003c/emph\u003ewas handed down in the spring of 1954. During his subsequent extended hospitalization, Prettyman brought work for him to review, including Chief Justice Warren's draft opinion in \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBrown\u003c/emph\u003e and Justice Frankfurter's colorful and verbose reports of the justices' conferences. Despite his poor health, Jackson was on the bench on May 17 when the unanimous \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBrown\u003c/emph\u003edecision was handed down.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  During the summer of 1954, Chief Justice Warren appointed six clerks to study and report ways that desegregation might be implemented. Prettyman, a member of this team, was assigned to map out Spartanburg, South Carolina, in terms of its black and white population and to suggest a prototypical plan for integrating its schools; other clerks were given similar assignments. They then pooled their ideas to formulate an approach the Supreme Court should take on implementation of integration, but could not agree on the important question of timing. Prettyman favored a compromise between forcing immediate desegregation and allowing communities an indefinite period of time to act.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Justice Jackson died in the fall of 1954, and Prettyman went to work for Justice Frankfurter, who had the highest praise for the young man's work and clearly took a personal interest in him. John Marshall Harlan, a judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, was nominated in November 1954 to take Jackson's place on the Court. Harlan's mere name put Senate conservatives on guard because his grandfather had been the sole dissenter in \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003ePlessy v. Ferguson\u003c/emph\u003e; consequently, his nomination was held up in the Senate for four months. In the interim he invited Prettyman to be one of his first two clerks, and Prettyman accepted.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  At the conclusion of his clerkship in the early summer of 1955, Barrett Prettyman joined the Washington, D.C., firm of Hogan and Hartson, where he is now a partner.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["E. Barrett Prettyman Jr., a life-long resident of the Washington, DC, area, received his undergraduate degree from Yale University in 1949. He attended law school at the University of Virginia and served on the editorial board of the Virginia Law Review. In addition, he was active in the Student Legal Forum, on behalf of which he extended speaking invitations to Justices Robert H. Jackson and Felix Frankfurter, both of whom accepted. In late 1952, Prettyman was selected to clerk for Justice Jackson after his graduation the following June.","The Supreme Court was deeply involved in consideration of Brown v. Board of Education when Prettyman began his clerkship. In his history of Brown titled Simple Justice (New York: Alfred Knopf, 1975), Richard Kluger describes in detail the work of the justices in early 1954. \"[Chief Justice Earl] Warren's highest hope, for a single unanimous opinion, did not look especially bright. It rested in large part on his overcoming the philosophical reservations of both Felix Frankfurter and Robert Jackson, men who could talk, write and think rings around the Chief Justice. Neither was likely to curl up at Warren's mere bidding.\"(683)","Justice Frankfurter circulated a memorandum outlining his thoughts in January, and in February Justice Jackson wrote out his ideas in a lengthy draft opinion. He began: \"The race problem would be quickly solved if some way could be found to make us all live up to our hypocrisies.\" Jackson discussed the history of racism from the legislative and judicial perspective and found no acceptable justification for revising the pattern. He finally concluded that segregation should be forcefully put to rest simply because the black population, not the Constitution, had changed.","Barrett Prettyman read Jackson's memorandum and wrote a thoughtful reply. Of Prettyman's work, Kluger wrote: \"It is doubtful if any of the many excellent young men who have come fresh out of the law schools or soon thereafter to serve the Justices of the Supreme Court ever served more faithfully or usefully than Barrett Prettyman served Justice Jackson. What part Prettyman's memo played will never be known, but it is a fact that Jackson, having written this much on the segregation cases, wrote no more.\"(691)","Justice Jackson had a heart attack about seven weeks before the decision inBrownwas handed down in the spring of 1954. During his subsequent extended hospitalization, Prettyman brought work for him to review, including Chief Justice Warren's draft opinion in Brown and Justice Frankfurter's colorful and verbose reports of the justices' conferences. Despite his poor health, Jackson was on the bench on May 17 when the unanimous Browndecision was handed down.","During the summer of 1954, Chief Justice Warren appointed six clerks to study and report ways that desegregation might be implemented. Prettyman, a member of this team, was assigned to map out Spartanburg, South Carolina, in terms of its black and white population and to suggest a prototypical plan for integrating its schools; other clerks were given similar assignments. They then pooled their ideas to formulate an approach the Supreme Court should take on implementation of integration, but could not agree on the important question of timing. Prettyman favored a compromise between forcing immediate desegregation and allowing communities an indefinite period of time to act.","Justice Jackson died in the fall of 1954, and Prettyman went to work for Justice Frankfurter, who had the highest praise for the young man's work and clearly took a personal interest in him. John Marshall Harlan, a judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, was nominated in November 1954 to take Jackson's place on the Court. Harlan's mere name put Senate conservatives on guard because his grandfather had been the sole dissenter in Plessy v. Ferguson; consequently, his nomination was held up in the Senate for four months. In the interim he invited Prettyman to be one of his first two clerks, and Prettyman accepted.","At the conclusion of his clerkship in the early summer of 1955, Barrett Prettyman joined the Washington, D.C., firm of Hogan and Hartson, where he is now a partner."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers of E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. consist of correspondence files dating from 1944 to 1982, as well as the working papers from his clerkship for Justices Robert H. Jackson, Felix Frankfurter, and John M. Harlan (1953-1955).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Prettyman had arranged the correspondence by name of the justice who was the correspondent/subject. For each man there is correspondence from Prettyman's clerkship period, and later correspondence with other former clerks about reunions. In addition, the Jackson correspondence contains a few letters from Jackson and a good many related to his death. In the Frankfurter file there are many short, handwritten notes from Frankfurter to his clerk commenting on cases before the Court as they were being heard, making requests, or expressing opinions about other justices' views. Frankfurter's notes are also sprinkled throughout the case materials. The Harlan letters date from the period just before he went on the Court until the time of his death, since Justice and Mrs. Harlan maintained their friendship with Prettyman and his wife Evelyn after the short clerkship ended.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  The working papers contain one or more folders on a dozen specific cases, several folders on an assortment of cases, and twelve folders containing Prettyman's certiorari petition memoranda annotated by the three justices. Of the case material, the most significant concerns \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBrown v. Board of Education\u003c/emph\u003e and includes drafts of Prettyman's memoranda to Jackson regarding the justice's draft opinion, the map of Spartanburg, Prettyman's memo concerning implementation, and signed copies of the opinion and the decree.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  This collection documenting the work of a Supreme Court law clerk is significant because of the stature of the three justices Prettyman clerked for at such an important time in the Court's history. Furthermore, records of Supreme Court clerkships are rare. Legal historians of the\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBrown\u003c/emph\u003eera will find these papers valuable and interesting.\n  \n  This collection has been digitized.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The papers of E. Barrett Prettyman Jr. consist of correspondence files dating from 1944 to 1982, as well as the working papers from his clerkship for Justices Robert H. Jackson, Felix Frankfurter, and John M. Harlan (1953-1955).","Prettyman had arranged the correspondence by name of the justice who was the correspondent/subject. For each man there is correspondence from Prettyman's clerkship period, and later correspondence with other former clerks about reunions. In addition, the Jackson correspondence contains a few letters from Jackson and a good many related to his death. In the Frankfurter file there are many short, handwritten notes from Frankfurter to his clerk commenting on cases before the Court as they were being heard, making requests, or expressing opinions about other justices' views. Frankfurter's notes are also sprinkled throughout the case materials. The Harlan letters date from the period just before he went on the Court until the time of his death, since Justice and Mrs. Harlan maintained their friendship with Prettyman and his wife Evelyn after the short clerkship ended.","The working papers contain one or more folders on a dozen specific cases, several folders on an assortment of cases, and twelve folders containing Prettyman's certiorari petition memoranda annotated by the three justices. Of the case material, the most significant concerns Brown v. Board of Education and includes drafts of Prettyman's memoranda to Jackson regarding the justice's draft opinion, the map of Spartanburg, Prettyman's memo concerning implementation, and signed copies of the opinion and the decree.","This collection documenting the work of a Supreme Court law clerk is significant because of the stature of the three justices Prettyman clerked for at such an important time in the Court's history. Furthermore, records of Supreme Court clerkships are rare. Legal historians of theBrownera will find these papers valuable and interesting.\n  \n  This collection has been digitized."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Prettyman, E. Barrett, Jr. (Elijah Barrett), 1925-2016","Burton, Harold H., 1888-1964","Douglas, William O., 1898-1980","Frankfurter, Felix, 1882-1965","Harlan, John M., 1899-1971","Jackson, Robert H., 1892-1954","Sobeloff, Simon, 1894-1973"],"names_coll_ssim":["Burton, Harold H., 1888-1964","Douglas, William O., 1898-1980","Frankfurter, Felix, 1882-1965","Harlan, John M., 1899-1971","Jackson, Robert H., 1892-1954","Sobeloff, Simon, 1894-1973","Prettyman, E. Barrett, Jr. (Elijah Barrett), 1925-2016"],"names_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Prettyman, E. Barrett, Jr. (Elijah Barrett), 1925-2016","Burton, Harold H., 1888-1964","Douglas, William O., 1898-1980","Frankfurter, Felix, 1882-1965","Harlan, John M., 1899-1971","Jackson, Robert H., 1892-1954","Sobeloff, Simon, 1894-1973"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":46,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-15T00:04:47.156Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_100"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_632","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Edward Henderson Deets Jr. memorabilia, 1943/2004","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_632#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Deets, Edward Henderson, Jr., 1926-2007","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_632#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection of Edward Henderson Deets Jr. memorabilia contains newspaper clippings, invitations, announcement cards, directories, and programs related to the University of Virginia School of Law.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_632#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_632","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_632","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_632","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_632","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_4_resources_632.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/131644","title_ssm":["Edward Henderson Deets Jr. memorabilia"],"title_tesim":["Edward Henderson Deets Jr. memorabilia"],"unitdate_ssm":["1943-2004"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1943-2004"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1943/2004"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Edward Henderson Deets Jr. memorabilia, 1943/2004"],"text":["Edward Henderson Deets Jr. memorabilia, 1943/2004","MSS.2018.1","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/632","Memorabilia","photographs","Edward Henderson Deets Jr. was born April 12, 1926 in Pulaski, Tennessee.  His parents were Edward Henderson Deets and Nelle Paterson Deets. In 1949, he married Elizabeth Virginia Taylor. He had two children, Betsy Deets and Edward Henderson Deets, III.","Deets served as an  Air Navigator V-12 from July 1943 to February 1944. In March of 1944, he joined the Navy V-5 Program as Commissioned Ensign USNR – Air Navigator. From August 1945 to July 1946 he was an Air Navigator in the Pacific.  In 1946, he joined the US Naval Reserve. From 1959-1962,  he was Commanding Officer, Naval Electronics Division 5-2. He retired from the Naval Reserve in 1966.","Deets was a 1951 graduate of the School of Commerce, and a 1953 graduate of the School of Law  at the University of Virginia. In June of 1953, he began to practice law in the Courthouse in Charlottesville, in partnership with Robert E. Taylor (Law 1931) forming the firm of Taylor and Deets. [See: Announcement card, June 15, 1953). On November 1, 1957, they merged with Thomas J. Michie and John T. Camblos, forming the law firm of Michie, Taylor, Camblos and Deets, with offices on Market Street in Charlottesville. In 1963, Deets and Lewis A. Martin (Law 1951) left the firm to form their own.","Deets's general practice of law emphasized real estate and commercial law, bankruptcy law, and managed properties.","He was President of the Charlottesville Albemarle Bar Association (1986-1987); a member of the Charlottesville-Albemarle Bar Association and Virginia State Bar (1953-2007); a member (1953-1962), Local President (1959-1960), and State Legal Parliamentarian of the Local Charlottesville-Albemarle Chamber of Commerce (1961-1962); a member and president of the Torch Club, Red Land Club, Charlottesville Rotary Club, and The Navy League. He was a member of the Board of Trustees of the  of the McIntire Public Library, a member of Charlottesville City Council Special Committees, and a member and president of the Board of Directors of the United Way-Thomas Jefferson Area.","Edward Henderson Deets Jr. died on November 18, 2007.","This collection of Edward Henderson Deets Jr. memorabilia contains newspaper clippings, invitations, announcement cards, directories, and programs related to the University of Virginia School of Law.","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Deets, Edward Henderson, Jr., 1926-2007","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Edward Henderson Deets Jr. memorabilia, 1943/2004"],"collection_ssim":["Edward Henderson Deets Jr. memorabilia, 1943/2004"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.2018.1","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/632"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.2018.1","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/632"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Memorabilia"],"geogname_ssim":["Memorabilia"],"places_ssim":["Memorabilia"],"creator_ssm":["Deets, Edward Henderson, Jr., 1926-2007"],"creator_ssim":["Deets, Edward Henderson, Jr., 1926-2007"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Deets, Edward Henderson, Jr., 1926-2007"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"creators_ssim":["Deets, Edward Henderson, Jr., 1926-2007","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was donated to the Law School by Edward H. Deets III, son of Mr. Deets, in May of 2018."],"access_subjects_ssim":["photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".2 Linear Feet 1 box, .2 linear ft."],"extent_tesim":[".2 Linear Feet 1 box, .2 linear ft."],"genreform_ssim":["photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEdward Henderson Deets Jr. was born April 12, 1926 in Pulaski, Tennessee.  His parents were Edward Henderson Deets and Nelle Paterson Deets. In 1949, he married Elizabeth Virginia Taylor. He had two children, Betsy Deets and Edward Henderson Deets, III. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDeets served as an  Air Navigator V-12 from July 1943 to February 1944. In March of 1944, he joined the Navy V-5 Program as Commissioned Ensign USNR – Air Navigator. From August 1945 to July 1946 he was an Air Navigator in the Pacific.  In 1946, he joined the US Naval Reserve. From 1959-1962,  he was Commanding Officer, Naval Electronics Division 5-2. He retired from the Naval Reserve in 1966.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDeets was a 1951 graduate of the School of Commerce, and a 1953 graduate of the School of Law  at the University of Virginia. In June of 1953, he began to practice law in the Courthouse in Charlottesville, in partnership with Robert E. Taylor (Law 1931) forming the firm of Taylor and Deets. [See: Announcement card, June 15, 1953). On November 1, 1957, they merged with Thomas J. Michie and John T. Camblos, forming the law firm of Michie, Taylor, Camblos and Deets, with offices on Market Street in Charlottesville. In 1963, Deets and Lewis A. Martin (Law 1951) left the firm to form their own. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDeets's general practice of law emphasized real estate and commercial law, bankruptcy law, and managed properties. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe was President of the Charlottesville Albemarle Bar Association (1986-1987); a member of the Charlottesville-Albemarle Bar Association and Virginia State Bar (1953-2007); a member (1953-1962), Local President (1959-1960), and State Legal Parliamentarian of the Local Charlottesville-Albemarle Chamber of Commerce (1961-1962); a member and president of the Torch Club, Red Land Club, Charlottesville Rotary Club, and The Navy League. He was a member of the Board of Trustees of the  of the McIntire Public Library, a member of Charlottesville City Council Special Committees, and a member and president of the Board of Directors of the United Way-Thomas Jefferson Area.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEdward Henderson Deets Jr. died on November 18, 2007.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Edward Henderson Deets Jr. was born April 12, 1926 in Pulaski, Tennessee.  His parents were Edward Henderson Deets and Nelle Paterson Deets. In 1949, he married Elizabeth Virginia Taylor. He had two children, Betsy Deets and Edward Henderson Deets, III.","Deets served as an  Air Navigator V-12 from July 1943 to February 1944. In March of 1944, he joined the Navy V-5 Program as Commissioned Ensign USNR – Air Navigator. From August 1945 to July 1946 he was an Air Navigator in the Pacific.  In 1946, he joined the US Naval Reserve. From 1959-1962,  he was Commanding Officer, Naval Electronics Division 5-2. He retired from the Naval Reserve in 1966.","Deets was a 1951 graduate of the School of Commerce, and a 1953 graduate of the School of Law  at the University of Virginia. In June of 1953, he began to practice law in the Courthouse in Charlottesville, in partnership with Robert E. Taylor (Law 1931) forming the firm of Taylor and Deets. [See: Announcement card, June 15, 1953). On November 1, 1957, they merged with Thomas J. Michie and John T. Camblos, forming the law firm of Michie, Taylor, Camblos and Deets, with offices on Market Street in Charlottesville. In 1963, Deets and Lewis A. Martin (Law 1951) left the firm to form their own.","Deets's general practice of law emphasized real estate and commercial law, bankruptcy law, and managed properties.","He was President of the Charlottesville Albemarle Bar Association (1986-1987); a member of the Charlottesville-Albemarle Bar Association and Virginia State Bar (1953-2007); a member (1953-1962), Local President (1959-1960), and State Legal Parliamentarian of the Local Charlottesville-Albemarle Chamber of Commerce (1961-1962); a member and president of the Torch Club, Red Land Club, Charlottesville Rotary Club, and The Navy League. He was a member of the Board of Trustees of the  of the McIntire Public Library, a member of Charlottesville City Council Special Committees, and a member and president of the Board of Directors of the United Way-Thomas Jefferson Area.","Edward Henderson Deets Jr. died on November 18, 2007."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection of Edward Henderson Deets Jr. memorabilia contains newspaper clippings, invitations, announcement cards, directories, and programs related to the University of Virginia School of Law.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection of Edward Henderson Deets Jr. memorabilia contains newspaper clippings, invitations, announcement cards, directories, and programs related to the University of Virginia School of Law."],"corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Deets, Edward Henderson, Jr., 1926-2007"],"names_coll_ssim":["Deets, Edward Henderson, Jr., 1926-2007"],"names_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Deets, Edward Henderson, Jr., 1926-2007"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":18,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:54:37.886Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_632","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_632","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_632","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_632","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_4_resources_632.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/131644","title_ssm":["Edward Henderson Deets Jr. memorabilia"],"title_tesim":["Edward Henderson Deets Jr. memorabilia"],"unitdate_ssm":["1943-2004"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1943-2004"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1943/2004"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Edward Henderson Deets Jr. memorabilia, 1943/2004"],"text":["Edward Henderson Deets Jr. memorabilia, 1943/2004","MSS.2018.1","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/632","Memorabilia","photographs","Edward Henderson Deets Jr. was born April 12, 1926 in Pulaski, Tennessee.  His parents were Edward Henderson Deets and Nelle Paterson Deets. In 1949, he married Elizabeth Virginia Taylor. He had two children, Betsy Deets and Edward Henderson Deets, III.","Deets served as an  Air Navigator V-12 from July 1943 to February 1944. In March of 1944, he joined the Navy V-5 Program as Commissioned Ensign USNR – Air Navigator. From August 1945 to July 1946 he was an Air Navigator in the Pacific.  In 1946, he joined the US Naval Reserve. From 1959-1962,  he was Commanding Officer, Naval Electronics Division 5-2. He retired from the Naval Reserve in 1966.","Deets was a 1951 graduate of the School of Commerce, and a 1953 graduate of the School of Law  at the University of Virginia. In June of 1953, he began to practice law in the Courthouse in Charlottesville, in partnership with Robert E. Taylor (Law 1931) forming the firm of Taylor and Deets. [See: Announcement card, June 15, 1953). On November 1, 1957, they merged with Thomas J. Michie and John T. Camblos, forming the law firm of Michie, Taylor, Camblos and Deets, with offices on Market Street in Charlottesville. In 1963, Deets and Lewis A. Martin (Law 1951) left the firm to form their own.","Deets's general practice of law emphasized real estate and commercial law, bankruptcy law, and managed properties.","He was President of the Charlottesville Albemarle Bar Association (1986-1987); a member of the Charlottesville-Albemarle Bar Association and Virginia State Bar (1953-2007); a member (1953-1962), Local President (1959-1960), and State Legal Parliamentarian of the Local Charlottesville-Albemarle Chamber of Commerce (1961-1962); a member and president of the Torch Club, Red Land Club, Charlottesville Rotary Club, and The Navy League. He was a member of the Board of Trustees of the  of the McIntire Public Library, a member of Charlottesville City Council Special Committees, and a member and president of the Board of Directors of the United Way-Thomas Jefferson Area.","Edward Henderson Deets Jr. died on November 18, 2007.","This collection of Edward Henderson Deets Jr. memorabilia contains newspaper clippings, invitations, announcement cards, directories, and programs related to the University of Virginia School of Law.","Arthur J. 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Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"creators_ssim":["Deets, Edward Henderson, Jr., 1926-2007","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was donated to the Law School by Edward H. Deets III, son of Mr. Deets, in May of 2018."],"access_subjects_ssim":["photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".2 Linear Feet 1 box, .2 linear ft."],"extent_tesim":[".2 Linear Feet 1 box, .2 linear ft."],"genreform_ssim":["photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEdward Henderson Deets Jr. was born April 12, 1926 in Pulaski, Tennessee.  His parents were Edward Henderson Deets and Nelle Paterson Deets. In 1949, he married Elizabeth Virginia Taylor. He had two children, Betsy Deets and Edward Henderson Deets, III. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDeets served as an  Air Navigator V-12 from July 1943 to February 1944. In March of 1944, he joined the Navy V-5 Program as Commissioned Ensign USNR – Air Navigator. From August 1945 to July 1946 he was an Air Navigator in the Pacific.  In 1946, he joined the US Naval Reserve. From 1959-1962,  he was Commanding Officer, Naval Electronics Division 5-2. He retired from the Naval Reserve in 1966.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDeets was a 1951 graduate of the School of Commerce, and a 1953 graduate of the School of Law  at the University of Virginia. In June of 1953, he began to practice law in the Courthouse in Charlottesville, in partnership with Robert E. Taylor (Law 1931) forming the firm of Taylor and Deets. [See: Announcement card, June 15, 1953). On November 1, 1957, they merged with Thomas J. Michie and John T. Camblos, forming the law firm of Michie, Taylor, Camblos and Deets, with offices on Market Street in Charlottesville. In 1963, Deets and Lewis A. Martin (Law 1951) left the firm to form their own. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDeets's general practice of law emphasized real estate and commercial law, bankruptcy law, and managed properties. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe was President of the Charlottesville Albemarle Bar Association (1986-1987); a member of the Charlottesville-Albemarle Bar Association and Virginia State Bar (1953-2007); a member (1953-1962), Local President (1959-1960), and State Legal Parliamentarian of the Local Charlottesville-Albemarle Chamber of Commerce (1961-1962); a member and president of the Torch Club, Red Land Club, Charlottesville Rotary Club, and The Navy League. He was a member of the Board of Trustees of the  of the McIntire Public Library, a member of Charlottesville City Council Special Committees, and a member and president of the Board of Directors of the United Way-Thomas Jefferson Area.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEdward Henderson Deets Jr. died on November 18, 2007.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Edward Henderson Deets Jr. was born April 12, 1926 in Pulaski, Tennessee.  His parents were Edward Henderson Deets and Nelle Paterson Deets. In 1949, he married Elizabeth Virginia Taylor. He had two children, Betsy Deets and Edward Henderson Deets, III.","Deets served as an  Air Navigator V-12 from July 1943 to February 1944. In March of 1944, he joined the Navy V-5 Program as Commissioned Ensign USNR – Air Navigator. From August 1945 to July 1946 he was an Air Navigator in the Pacific.  In 1946, he joined the US Naval Reserve. From 1959-1962,  he was Commanding Officer, Naval Electronics Division 5-2. He retired from the Naval Reserve in 1966.","Deets was a 1951 graduate of the School of Commerce, and a 1953 graduate of the School of Law  at the University of Virginia. In June of 1953, he began to practice law in the Courthouse in Charlottesville, in partnership with Robert E. Taylor (Law 1931) forming the firm of Taylor and Deets. [See: Announcement card, June 15, 1953). On November 1, 1957, they merged with Thomas J. Michie and John T. Camblos, forming the law firm of Michie, Taylor, Camblos and Deets, with offices on Market Street in Charlottesville. In 1963, Deets and Lewis A. Martin (Law 1951) left the firm to form their own.","Deets's general practice of law emphasized real estate and commercial law, bankruptcy law, and managed properties.","He was President of the Charlottesville Albemarle Bar Association (1986-1987); a member of the Charlottesville-Albemarle Bar Association and Virginia State Bar (1953-2007); a member (1953-1962), Local President (1959-1960), and State Legal Parliamentarian of the Local Charlottesville-Albemarle Chamber of Commerce (1961-1962); a member and president of the Torch Club, Red Land Club, Charlottesville Rotary Club, and The Navy League. He was a member of the Board of Trustees of the  of the McIntire Public Library, a member of Charlottesville City Council Special Committees, and a member and president of the Board of Directors of the United Way-Thomas Jefferson Area.","Edward Henderson Deets Jr. died on November 18, 2007."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection of Edward Henderson Deets Jr. memorabilia contains newspaper clippings, invitations, announcement cards, directories, and programs related to the University of Virginia School of Law.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection of Edward Henderson Deets Jr. memorabilia contains newspaper clippings, invitations, announcement cards, directories, and programs related to the University of Virginia School of Law."],"corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. 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McCue papers, 1967/1983","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_673#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"McCue, Edward O., III, 1923-2011","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_673#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains copies of records compiled by Edward O. McCue to disclaim assertions made against General William Westmoreland on a CBS program aired on January 23, 1982.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_673#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_673","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_673","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_673","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_673","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_4_resources_673.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/130981","title_ssm":["Edward O. McCue papers"],"title_tesim":["Edward O. McCue papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1967-1983"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1967-1983"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1967/1983"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Edward O. McCue papers, 1967/1983"],"text":["Edward O. 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After the trial was in progress, Westmoreland suddenly settled with CBS for an apology, no more than CBS had originally offered. Some contend that Judge Leval's instructions to the jury over what constituted \"actual malice\" to prove libel convinced Westmoreland's lawyers that he was certain to lose. Others point out that the settlement occurred after two of Westmoreland's former intelligence officers, Major General Joseph McChristian and Colonel Gains Hawkins, testified to the accuracy of the substantive allegations of the broadcast, which were that Westmoreland ordered changes in intelligence reports on Viet Cong troop strengths for political reasons. Disagreements persist about the appropriateness of some of the journalistic methods of Mike Wallace in particular.","A deposition by McChristian indicates that his organization developed improved intelligence on the number of irregular Viet Cong combatants shortly before he left Vietnam on a regularly scheduled rotation. The numbers troubled Westmoreland, who feared that the press would not understand them. He did not order them changed, but instead did not include the information in reporting to Washington, which in his view was a decision that the data were not appropriate to report.","Based on later analysis of the information from all sides, it appears clear that Westmoreland could not sustain a libel suit because CBS's principal allegation was that he had caused intelligence officers to suppress facts. Westmoreland's anger was caused by the implication of the broadcast that his intent was fraudulent and that he ordered others to lie.","Wikipedia contributors, \"William Westmoreland,\" Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Westmoreland","This collection contains copies of records compiled by Edward O. McCue to disclaim assertions made against General William Westmoreland on a CBS program aired on January 23, 1982.","Arthur J. 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Westmoreland filed a lawsuit against CBS.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn Westmoreland v. CBS, Westmoreland sued Wallace and CBS for libel, and a lengthy legal process began. After the trial was in progress, Westmoreland suddenly settled with CBS for an apology, no more than CBS had originally offered. Some contend that Judge Leval's instructions to the jury over what constituted \"actual malice\" to prove libel convinced Westmoreland's lawyers that he was certain to lose. Others point out that the settlement occurred after two of Westmoreland's former intelligence officers, Major General Joseph McChristian and Colonel Gains Hawkins, testified to the accuracy of the substantive allegations of the broadcast, which were that Westmoreland ordered changes in intelligence reports on Viet Cong troop strengths for political reasons. Disagreements persist about the appropriateness of some of the journalistic methods of Mike Wallace in particular.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA deposition by McChristian indicates that his organization developed improved intelligence on the number of irregular Viet Cong combatants shortly before he left Vietnam on a regularly scheduled rotation. The numbers troubled Westmoreland, who feared that the press would not understand them. He did not order them changed, but instead did not include the information in reporting to Washington, which in his view was a decision that the data were not appropriate to report.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBased on later analysis of the information from all sides, it appears clear that Westmoreland could not sustain a libel suit because CBS's principal allegation was that he had caused intelligence officers to suppress facts. Westmoreland's anger was caused by the implication of the broadcast that his intent was fraudulent and that he ordered others to lie.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nWikipedia contributors, \"William Westmoreland,\" Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Westmoreland\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Mike Wallace interviewed Westmoreland for the CBS special The Uncounted Enemy: A Vietnam Deception. The documentary, shown on January 23, 1982, and prepared largely by CBS producer George Crile III, alleged that Westmoreland and others had deliberately underestimated Viet Cong troop strength during 1967 in order to maintain US troop morale and domestic support for the war. Westmoreland filed a lawsuit against CBS.","In Westmoreland v. CBS, Westmoreland sued Wallace and CBS for libel, and a lengthy legal process began. After the trial was in progress, Westmoreland suddenly settled with CBS for an apology, no more than CBS had originally offered. Some contend that Judge Leval's instructions to the jury over what constituted \"actual malice\" to prove libel convinced Westmoreland's lawyers that he was certain to lose. Others point out that the settlement occurred after two of Westmoreland's former intelligence officers, Major General Joseph McChristian and Colonel Gains Hawkins, testified to the accuracy of the substantive allegations of the broadcast, which were that Westmoreland ordered changes in intelligence reports on Viet Cong troop strengths for political reasons. Disagreements persist about the appropriateness of some of the journalistic methods of Mike Wallace in particular.","A deposition by McChristian indicates that his organization developed improved intelligence on the number of irregular Viet Cong combatants shortly before he left Vietnam on a regularly scheduled rotation. The numbers troubled Westmoreland, who feared that the press would not understand them. He did not order them changed, but instead did not include the information in reporting to Washington, which in his view was a decision that the data were not appropriate to report.","Based on later analysis of the information from all sides, it appears clear that Westmoreland could not sustain a libel suit because CBS's principal allegation was that he had caused intelligence officers to suppress facts. Westmoreland's anger was caused by the implication of the broadcast that his intent was fraudulent and that he ordered others to lie.","Wikipedia contributors, \"William Westmoreland,\" Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Westmoreland"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains copies of records compiled by Edward O. 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The numbers troubled Westmoreland, who feared that the press would not understand them. He did not order them changed, but instead did not include the information in reporting to Washington, which in his view was a decision that the data were not appropriate to report.","Based on later analysis of the information from all sides, it appears clear that Westmoreland could not sustain a libel suit because CBS's principal allegation was that he had caused intelligence officers to suppress facts. Westmoreland's anger was caused by the implication of the broadcast that his intent was fraudulent and that he ordered others to lie.","Wikipedia contributors, \"William Westmoreland,\" Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Westmoreland","This collection contains copies of records compiled by Edward O. McCue to disclaim assertions made against General William Westmoreland on a CBS program aired on January 23, 1982.","Arthur J. 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After the trial was in progress, Westmoreland suddenly settled with CBS for an apology, no more than CBS had originally offered. Some contend that Judge Leval's instructions to the jury over what constituted \"actual malice\" to prove libel convinced Westmoreland's lawyers that he was certain to lose. Others point out that the settlement occurred after two of Westmoreland's former intelligence officers, Major General Joseph McChristian and Colonel Gains Hawkins, testified to the accuracy of the substantive allegations of the broadcast, which were that Westmoreland ordered changes in intelligence reports on Viet Cong troop strengths for political reasons. Disagreements persist about the appropriateness of some of the journalistic methods of Mike Wallace in particular.","A deposition by McChristian indicates that his organization developed improved intelligence on the number of irregular Viet Cong combatants shortly before he left Vietnam on a regularly scheduled rotation. The numbers troubled Westmoreland, who feared that the press would not understand them. He did not order them changed, but instead did not include the information in reporting to Washington, which in his view was a decision that the data were not appropriate to report.","Based on later analysis of the information from all sides, it appears clear that Westmoreland could not sustain a libel suit because CBS's principal allegation was that he had caused intelligence officers to suppress facts. Westmoreland's anger was caused by the implication of the broadcast that his intent was fraudulent and that he ordered others to lie.","Wikipedia contributors, \"William Westmoreland,\" Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Westmoreland"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains copies of records compiled by Edward O. McCue to disclaim assertions made against General William Westmoreland on a CBS program aired on January 23, 1982.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains copies of records compiled by Edward O. McCue to disclaim assertions made against General William Westmoreland on a CBS program aired on January 23, 1982."],"corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","CBS Television Network"],"names_coll_ssim":["CBS Television Network","McCue, Edward O., III, 1923-2011","Westmoreland, William, 1914-2005"],"persname_ssim":["McCue, Edward O., III, 1923-2011","Westmoreland, William, 1914-2005"],"names_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","CBS Television Network","McCue, Edward O., III, 1923-2011","Westmoreland, William, 1914-2005"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":36,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:54:37.886Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_673"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_735","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Eugene Edward Chiles papers, 1915/1922","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_735#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eEugene Edward Chiles papers, (3 cubic feet, 1915-1922) contain love letters from his girlfriend, Eugenie O'Neill who is traveling in European circles with wealthy and or famous acquaintances, while he is working as a realtor in Pittsburgh, PA. and Stephens City, Virginia, after the war. Her letters mostly describe her feelings for him and mention (briefly) famous places, people, and events from the Twenties. Topics consist of post war conditions, unemployment, strikes, feminism, racism, and the Sinn Fein rebellion (newspaper clippings). Included are a few letters from Eugene and letters from his mother, and girlfriends (1915-1922). 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Correspondence, Series 2. Financial papers, Series 3. Military papers, and Series 4. Miscellaneous and personal papers.","Eugene Edward Chiles was a lieutenant in the United States Army who settled in Pittsuburg, Pennsylvania after the war. From 1918-1921, he received love letters from his girlfriend, Eugenie O'Neill (1888-1973), who was also from Pittsburgh but left to sail on the White Star Line for travel in London and France with her mother. She was the daughter of Florence O'Neill who was a writer for the Pittsburgh Dispatch. His father owned the newspaper and their family line descends from Hugh O'Neill (1781-1859 Ireland). Eugenie breaks up with Eugene after her parents divorce and financial issues arise. She marries Robert William Whitty Cryan.","Sources:\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_O%27Neill_(editor)\nhttps://www.geni.com/people/Florence-O-Neill/1826727","Eugene Edward Chiles papers, (3 cubic feet, 1915-1922) contain love letters from his girlfriend, Eugenie O'Neill who is traveling in European circles with wealthy and or famous acquaintances, while he is working as a realtor in Pittsburgh, PA. and Stephens City, Virginia, after the war. Her letters mostly describe her feelings for him and mention (briefly) famous places, people, and events from the Twenties. Topics consist of post war conditions, unemployment,  strikes, feminism, racism, and the Sinn Fein rebellion (newspaper clippings).  Included are a few letters from Eugene and letters from his mother, and girlfriends (1915-1922). 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She marries Robert William Whitty Cryan.","Sources:\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_O%27Neill_(editor)\nhttps://www.geni.com/people/Florence-O-Neill/1826727"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 14439, Eugene Edward Chiles papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, at the University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 14439, Eugene Edward Chiles papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, at the University of Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEugene Edward Chiles papers, (3 cubic feet, 1915-1922) contain love letters from his girlfriend, Eugenie O'Neill who is traveling in European circles with wealthy and or famous acquaintances, while he is working as a realtor in Pittsburgh, PA. and Stephens City, Virginia, after the war. Her letters mostly describe her feelings for him and mention (briefly) famous places, people, and events from the Twenties. Topics consist of post war conditions, unemployment,  strikes, feminism, racism, and the Sinn Fein rebellion (newspaper clippings).  Included are a few letters from Eugene and letters from his mother, and girlfriends (1915-1922). There are also financial, military, miscellaneous, and personal papers belonging to Eugene Chiles.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents Note"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Eugene Edward Chiles papers, (3 cubic feet, 1915-1922) contain love letters from his girlfriend, Eugenie O'Neill who is traveling in European circles with wealthy and or famous acquaintances, while he is working as a realtor in Pittsburgh, PA. and Stephens City, Virginia, after the war. Her letters mostly describe her feelings for him and mention (briefly) famous places, people, and events from the Twenties. Topics consist of post war conditions, unemployment,  strikes, feminism, racism, and the Sinn Fein rebellion (newspaper clippings).  Included are a few letters from Eugene and letters from his mother, and girlfriends (1915-1922). 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She marries Robert William Whitty Cryan.","Sources:\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_O%27Neill_(editor)\nhttps://www.geni.com/people/Florence-O-Neill/1826727","Eugene Edward Chiles papers, (3 cubic feet, 1915-1922) contain love letters from his girlfriend, Eugenie O'Neill who is traveling in European circles with wealthy and or famous acquaintances, while he is working as a realtor in Pittsburgh, PA. and Stephens City, Virginia, after the war. Her letters mostly describe her feelings for him and mention (briefly) famous places, people, and events from the Twenties. Topics consist of post war conditions, unemployment,  strikes, feminism, racism, and the Sinn Fein rebellion (newspaper clippings).  Included are a few letters from Eugene and letters from his mother, and girlfriends (1915-1922). 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Topics consist of post war conditions, unemployment,  strikes, feminism, racism, and the Sinn Fein rebellion (newspaper clippings).  Included are a few letters from Eugene and letters from his mother, and girlfriends (1915-1922). There are also financial, military, miscellaneous, and personal papers belonging to Eugene Chiles.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents Note"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Eugene Edward Chiles papers, (3 cubic feet, 1915-1922) contain love letters from his girlfriend, Eugenie O'Neill who is traveling in European circles with wealthy and or famous acquaintances, while he is working as a realtor in Pittsburgh, PA. and Stephens City, Virginia, after the war. Her letters mostly describe her feelings for him and mention (briefly) famous places, people, and events from the Twenties. Topics consist of post war conditions, unemployment,  strikes, feminism, racism, and the Sinn Fein rebellion (newspaper clippings).  Included are a few letters from Eugene and letters from his mother, and girlfriends (1915-1922). 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Ewing's grades, dated 1892 amd 1894.","Arthur J. 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Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"creators_ssim":["Ewing, James W., 1869-1938","Ewing, James R., 1916-2000","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection of memorabilia was donated to the University of Virginia Law Library by Margaret E. Stengel, daughter of James R. Ewing, Class of 1939 and grandaughter of James William Ewing, class of 1894."],"access_subjects_ssim":["photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 Cubic Feet"],"extent_tesim":["1 Cubic Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of photos of the 1936 Law School graduation and of Clark Hall, including negatives; a beautiful \"rolled\" postcard of the the Lawn; a one page of the Daily Princetonian of 21 April 1982 about the \"Easters\" at UVA, and copies of James R. Ewing's grades, dated 1892 amd 1894.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of photos of the 1936 Law School graduation and of Clark Hall, including negatives; a beautiful \"rolled\" postcard of the the Lawn; a one page of the Daily Princetonian of 21 April 1982 about the \"Easters\" at UVA, and copies of James R. Ewing's grades, dated 1892 amd 1894."],"corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Ewing, James W., 1869-1938","Ewing, James R., 1916-2000"],"names_coll_ssim":["Ewing, James W., 1869-1938","Ewing, James R., 1916-2000"],"names_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Ewing, James W., 1869-1938","Ewing, James R., 1916-2000"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:54:31.360Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_610"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_723","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Food and Drug Administration photographs, 1910/2006","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_723#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of thrity-three reproductions of historical photos, taken in 1910, of employees and people who were in charge of different departments of what was then called the Bureau of Chemistry, now the Food and Drug Administration. In addition to these reproductions, there is a memorandum to the FDA Leadership Council, circa 2006, about the centennial anniversary, with some historical facts and photocopies of past commemorative documents.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_723#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_723","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_723","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_723","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_723","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_4_resources_723.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/126258","title_ssm":["Food and Drug Administration photographs"],"title_tesim":["Food and Drug Administration photographs"],"unitdate_ssm":["1910-2006"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1910-2006"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1910/2006"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Food and Drug Administration photographs, 1910/2006"],"text":["Food and Drug Administration photographs, 1910/2006","MSS.07.2","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/723","photographs","This collection consists of thrity-three reproductions of historical photos, taken in 1910, of employees and people who were in charge of different departments of what was then called the Bureau of Chemistry, now the Food and Drug Administration. In addition to these reproductions, there is a memorandum to the FDA Leadership Council, circa 2006, about the centennial anniversary, with some historical facts and photocopies of past commemorative documents.","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","United States. Department of Health and Human Services. Food and Drug Administration","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Food and Drug Administration photographs, 1910/2006"],"collection_ssim":["Food and Drug Administration photographs, 1910/2006"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.07.2","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/723"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.07.2","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/723"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","United States. Department of Health and Human Services. Food and Drug Administration"],"creators_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","United States. Department of Health and Human Services. Food and Drug Administration"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was donated to Law Special Collections by Richard Merrill in July 2007."],"access_subjects_ssim":["photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["34 items"],"extent_tesim":["34 items"],"genreform_ssim":["photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of thrity-three reproductions of historical photos, taken in 1910, of employees and people who were in charge of different departments of what was then called the Bureau of Chemistry, now the Food and Drug Administration. In addition to these reproductions, there is a memorandum to the FDA Leadership Council, circa 2006, about the centennial anniversary, with some historical facts and photocopies of past commemorative documents.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of thrity-three reproductions of historical photos, taken in 1910, of employees and people who were in charge of different departments of what was then called the Bureau of Chemistry, now the Food and Drug Administration. In addition to these reproductions, there is a memorandum to the FDA Leadership Council, circa 2006, about the centennial anniversary, with some historical facts and photocopies of past commemorative documents."],"corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","United States. Department of Health and Human Services. Food and Drug Administration"],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Department of Health and Human Services. 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Food and Drug Administration"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":33,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:54:46.871Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_723","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_723","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_723","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_723","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_4_resources_723.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/126258","title_ssm":["Food and Drug Administration photographs"],"title_tesim":["Food and Drug Administration photographs"],"unitdate_ssm":["1910-2006"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1910-2006"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1910/2006"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Food and Drug Administration photographs, 1910/2006"],"text":["Food and Drug Administration photographs, 1910/2006","MSS.07.2","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/723","photographs","This collection consists of thrity-three reproductions of historical photos, taken in 1910, of employees and people who were in charge of different departments of what was then called the Bureau of Chemistry, now the Food and Drug Administration. In addition to these reproductions, there is a memorandum to the FDA Leadership Council, circa 2006, about the centennial anniversary, with some historical facts and photocopies of past commemorative documents.","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","United States. Department of Health and Human Services. Food and Drug Administration","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Food and Drug Administration photographs, 1910/2006"],"collection_ssim":["Food and Drug Administration photographs, 1910/2006"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.07.2","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/723"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.07.2","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/723"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","United States. Department of Health and Human Services. Food and Drug Administration"],"creators_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","United States. Department of Health and Human Services. Food and Drug Administration"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was donated to Law Special Collections by Richard Merrill in July 2007."],"access_subjects_ssim":["photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["34 items"],"extent_tesim":["34 items"],"genreform_ssim":["photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of thrity-three reproductions of historical photos, taken in 1910, of employees and people who were in charge of different departments of what was then called the Bureau of Chemistry, now the Food and Drug Administration. In addition to these reproductions, there is a memorandum to the FDA Leadership Council, circa 2006, about the centennial anniversary, with some historical facts and photocopies of past commemorative documents.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of thrity-three reproductions of historical photos, taken in 1910, of employees and people who were in charge of different departments of what was then called the Bureau of Chemistry, now the Food and Drug Administration. In addition to these reproductions, there is a memorandum to the FDA Leadership Council, circa 2006, about the centennial anniversary, with some historical facts and photocopies of past commemorative documents."],"corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","United States. Department of Health and Human Services. Food and Drug Administration"],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Department of Health and Human Services. Food and Drug Administration"],"names_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","United States. Department of Health and Human Services. Food and Drug Administration"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":33,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:54:46.871Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_723"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_79","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Frances Farmer papers, 1900/1993","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_79#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Farmer, Frances, 1909-1993","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_79#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe papers of Frances Farmer have received minimal organization to make them readily accessible. Her files labeled \"personal correspondence\" are arranged chronologically (1931-1992), and concern both personal and professional matters. Other files that were organized by subject remain as they were. These documents are primarily administrative regarding the Law Library. There are also copies of her speeches, memorabilia, numerous copies of newspaper clippings, awards, and resolutions. Finally, there is an extensive collection of photographs of Farmer, her family, and members of the Law School community.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_79#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_79","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_79","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_79","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_79","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_4_resources_79.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/106879","title_ssm":["Frances Farmer papers"],"title_tesim":["Frances Farmer papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1900 - 1993"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1900 - 1993"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1900/1993"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Frances Farmer papers, 1900/1993"],"text":["Frances Farmer papers, 1900/1993","MSS.93.1","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/79","Law  -- Study and teaching","Law librarians","Law libraries -- United States","University of Virginia. School of Law -- Alumni and alumnae","University of Virginia. School of Law -- History","Awards","clippings (information artifacts)","diplomas","photographs","There are no restrictions.","Frances Farmer was born in Keysville, Virginia, on 9 December 1909, but she spent most of her younger years in Richmond, where she moved with her family in 1915. She attended John Marshall High School (1923- 1927), and then studied at Westhampton College, where she majored in history and had considerable success in the debating society. After her junior year of college, she enrolled at T. C. Williams School of Law at the University of Richmond and received her LLB in 1933. The only female in her law class, she graduated with honors and was awarded the O. H. Berry Medal, given to the \"best all-around graduate in law.\" She passed the State Bar Examination in December of the same year.","In October of 1931, Frances Farmer began to work for Dr. Ray Doubles, dean of the University of Richmond Law School as part-time secretary, a position she kept after her graduation. Despite her outstanding academic record, she learned that good positions for female lawyers were extremely difficult to find at that time.","Meanwhile, she became very active in Richmond community affairs. She held a number of offices in the Richmond Branch of University Women (AAUW) (1934-36) and was secretary of the Virginia Consumers' League (1935), the Virginia Social Science Association (1935), and the Virginia Women's Council of Legislative Chairmen of States Organizations (1936). She was also a member of the Board of Directors of the Richmond League of Women Voters and the local YMCA.","Farmer's experience as law librarian began when she entered law school and became the assistant law librarian, in addition to secretary to the dean. In 1934, in the absence of the law librarian, she undertook all the administrative work of the library, including accessioning, selecting and purchasing books, keeping financial records, etc. After completing a course in law library administration at the School of Library Service at Columbia University, she was appointed law librarian at the University of Richmond in 1938. Also in that year, she joined the American Association of Law Libraries and became a member of the Committee on the Library Journal.","In July 1942, Farmer accepted the position of senior cataloguer and executive secretary at the University of Virginia Law Library, with an annual salary of $2400.00. At that time the library had fewer than 40,000 books, all of them uncataloged, and she was hired to carry out the cataloguing project and to begin a book purchasing program. In 1943 she began teaching legal bibliography and the following year was appointed law librarian. Under her leadership the library grew to 100,000 cataloged volumes by the early 1950s.","Because state funding was never adequate for the growth of a major law library, at the outset Farmer sought the support of the Law School Alumni Association which she found willing to match or exceed state money. Thus began a life-long partnership which helped to make the Law Library one of the top ten in the nation. In return Farmer gave unstintingly to the Alumni Association, masterminding and for many years overseeing the annual spring alumni weekend and serving sixteen years as secretary/treasurer of the Association.","Farmer eventually gained faculty status at the Law School, making her its first female law professor. She was also active in professional organizations. She had lifetime membership in the American Association of Law Libraries, serving as president in 1959-60. In addition, she was a member of the Virginia State Bar and the State Bar Association, was active in University of Richmond alumni groups, and held membership in Phi Beta Kappa and Order of the Coif. She was a consultant to many US law libraries and to the government law library in Nigeria. In February-March of 1975 she was one of the three American law librarians who served as faculty members of the First Conference of Law Librarians in Nigeria, at the Nigerian Law School on Victoria Island, in Lagos. She was active in promoting interest in microforms for law libraries and was appointed by the attorney general of Virginia in 1976 to explore computerized legal research for Virginia lawyers and public officials.","She retired in August of 1976, and became library consultant to the Center for Oceans Law and Policy at the Law School. The same year, she was designated professor emerita by the Board of Visitors of the University, and her alma mater awarded her an honorary degree in recognition of her outstanding achievements in law librarianship.","Farmer cowrote with Ray Doubles a Manual of Legal Bibliography(The Michie Company, 1947) and editedThe Wilson Reader(Oceana Publications, 1956). In retirement, she compiled an oral history of the second century of the Law School.","A Law School Alumni Association resolution recognizing Frances Farmer's contributions at the thirty-year mark of her tenure stated, \"As a result of her creative mind, an inexhaustible supply of energy, resourcefulness and ability, and her indomitable spirit, the Law Library at the University of Virginia has grown and prospered.\"","Frances Farmer died in Charlottesville on 13 September 1993.","The papers of Frances Farmer have received minimal organization to make them readily accessible. Her files labeled \"personal correspondence\" are arranged chronologically (1931-1992), and concern both personal and professional matters. Other files that were organized by subject remain as they were. These documents are primarily administrative regarding the Law Library. There are also copies of her speeches, memorabilia, numerous copies of newspaper clippings, awards, and resolutions. Finally, there is an extensive collection of photographs of Farmer, her family, and members of the Law School community.","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","University of Virginia. School of Law. Arthur J. Morris Law Library","American Association of Law Libraries","University of Virginia. Center for Oceans Law and Policy","University of Virginia. School of Law. Law School Foundation","Farmer, Frances, 1909-1993","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Frances Farmer papers, 1900/1993"],"collection_ssim":["Frances Farmer papers, 1900/1993"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.93.1","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/79"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.93.1","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/79"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Farmer, Frances, 1909-1993"],"creator_ssim":["Farmer, Frances, 1909-1993"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Farmer, Frances, 1909-1993"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","University of Virginia. School of Law. Arthur J. Morris Law Library","American Association of Law Libraries","University of Virginia. Center for Oceans Law and Policy","University of Virginia. School of Law. Law School Foundation"],"creators_ssim":["Farmer, Frances, 1909-1993","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","University of Virginia. School of Law. Arthur J. Morris Law Library","American Association of Law Libraries","University of Virginia. Center for Oceans Law and Policy","University of Virginia. School of Law. Law School Foundation"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was transmitted to the Law Library upon Farmer's death in September of 1993."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Law  -- Study and teaching","Law librarians","Law libraries -- United States","University of Virginia. School of Law -- Alumni and alumnae","University of Virginia. 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School of Law -- History","Awards","clippings (information artifacts)","diplomas","photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2.4 Linear Feet 6 archival boxes"],"extent_tesim":["2.4 Linear Feet 6 archival boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Awards","clippings (information artifacts)","diplomas","photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFrances Farmer was born in Keysville, Virginia, on 9 December 1909, but she spent most of her younger years in Richmond, where she moved with her family in 1915. She attended John Marshall High School (1923- 1927), and then studied at Westhampton College, where she majored in history and had considerable success in the debating society. After her junior year of college, she enrolled at T. C. Williams School of Law at the University of Richmond and received her LLB in 1933. The only female in her law class, she graduated with honors and was awarded the O. H. Berry Medal, given to the \"best all-around graduate in law.\" She passed the State Bar Examination in December of the same year.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn October of 1931, Frances Farmer began to work for Dr. Ray Doubles, dean of the University of Richmond Law School as part-time secretary, a position she kept after her graduation. Despite her outstanding academic record, she learned that good positions for female lawyers were extremely difficult to find at that time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMeanwhile, she became very active in Richmond community affairs. She held a number of offices in the Richmond Branch of University Women (AAUW) (1934-36) and was secretary of the Virginia Consumers' League (1935), the Virginia Social Science Association (1935), and the Virginia Women's Council of Legislative Chairmen of States Organizations (1936). She was also a member of the Board of Directors of the Richmond League of Women Voters and the local YMCA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Farmer's experience as law librarian began when she entered law school and became the assistant law librarian, in addition to secretary to the dean. In 1934, in the absence of the law librarian, she undertook all the administrative work of the library, including accessioning, selecting and purchasing books, keeping financial records, etc. After completing a course in law library administration at the School of Library Service at Columbia University, she was appointed law librarian at the University of Richmond in 1938. Also in that year, she joined the American Association of Law Libraries and became a member of the Committee on the Library Journal.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  In July 1942, Farmer accepted the position of senior cataloguer and executive secretary at the University of Virginia Law Library, with an annual salary of $2400.00. At that time the library had fewer than 40,000 books, all of them uncataloged, and she was hired to carry out the cataloguing project and to begin a book purchasing program. In 1943 she began teaching legal bibliography and the following year was appointed law librarian. Under her leadership the library grew to 100,000 cataloged volumes by the early 1950s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBecause state funding was never adequate for the growth of a major law library, at the outset Farmer sought the support of the Law School Alumni Association which she found willing to match or exceed state money. Thus began a life-long partnership which helped to make the Law Library one of the top ten in the nation. In return Farmer gave unstintingly to the Alumni Association, masterminding and for many years overseeing the annual spring alumni weekend and serving sixteen years as secretary/treasurer of the Association.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFarmer eventually gained faculty status at the Law School, making her its first female law professor. She was also active in professional organizations. She had lifetime membership in the American Association of Law Libraries, serving as president in 1959-60. In addition, she was a member of the Virginia State Bar and the State Bar Association, was active in University of Richmond alumni groups, and held membership in Phi Beta Kappa and Order of the Coif. She was a consultant to many US law libraries and to the government law library in Nigeria. In February-March of 1975 she was one of the three American law librarians who served as faculty members of the First Conference of Law Librarians in Nigeria, at the Nigerian Law School on Victoria Island, in Lagos. She was active in promoting interest in microforms for law libraries and was appointed by the attorney general of Virginia in 1976 to explore computerized legal research for Virginia lawyers and public officials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShe retired in August of 1976, and became library consultant to the Center for Oceans Law and Policy at the Law School. The same year, she was designated professor emerita by the Board of Visitors of the University, and her alma mater awarded her an honorary degree in recognition of her outstanding achievements in law librarianship.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFarmer cowrote with Ray Doubles a \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eManual of Legal Bibliography\u003c/emph\u003e(The Michie Company, 1947) and edited\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Wilson Reader\u003c/emph\u003e(Oceana Publications, 1956). In retirement, she compiled an oral history of the second century of the Law School.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA Law School Alumni Association resolution recognizing Frances Farmer's contributions at the thirty-year mark of her tenure stated, \"As a result of her creative mind, an inexhaustible supply of energy, resourcefulness and ability, and her indomitable spirit, the Law Library at the University of Virginia has grown and prospered.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrances Farmer died in Charlottesville on 13 September 1993.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Frances Farmer was born in Keysville, Virginia, on 9 December 1909, but she spent most of her younger years in Richmond, where she moved with her family in 1915. She attended John Marshall High School (1923- 1927), and then studied at Westhampton College, where she majored in history and had considerable success in the debating society. After her junior year of college, she enrolled at T. C. Williams School of Law at the University of Richmond and received her LLB in 1933. The only female in her law class, she graduated with honors and was awarded the O. H. Berry Medal, given to the \"best all-around graduate in law.\" She passed the State Bar Examination in December of the same year.","In October of 1931, Frances Farmer began to work for Dr. Ray Doubles, dean of the University of Richmond Law School as part-time secretary, a position she kept after her graduation. Despite her outstanding academic record, she learned that good positions for female lawyers were extremely difficult to find at that time.","Meanwhile, she became very active in Richmond community affairs. She held a number of offices in the Richmond Branch of University Women (AAUW) (1934-36) and was secretary of the Virginia Consumers' League (1935), the Virginia Social Science Association (1935), and the Virginia Women's Council of Legislative Chairmen of States Organizations (1936). She was also a member of the Board of Directors of the Richmond League of Women Voters and the local YMCA.","Farmer's experience as law librarian began when she entered law school and became the assistant law librarian, in addition to secretary to the dean. In 1934, in the absence of the law librarian, she undertook all the administrative work of the library, including accessioning, selecting and purchasing books, keeping financial records, etc. After completing a course in law library administration at the School of Library Service at Columbia University, she was appointed law librarian at the University of Richmond in 1938. Also in that year, she joined the American Association of Law Libraries and became a member of the Committee on the Library Journal.","In July 1942, Farmer accepted the position of senior cataloguer and executive secretary at the University of Virginia Law Library, with an annual salary of $2400.00. At that time the library had fewer than 40,000 books, all of them uncataloged, and she was hired to carry out the cataloguing project and to begin a book purchasing program. In 1943 she began teaching legal bibliography and the following year was appointed law librarian. Under her leadership the library grew to 100,000 cataloged volumes by the early 1950s.","Because state funding was never adequate for the growth of a major law library, at the outset Farmer sought the support of the Law School Alumni Association which she found willing to match or exceed state money. Thus began a life-long partnership which helped to make the Law Library one of the top ten in the nation. In return Farmer gave unstintingly to the Alumni Association, masterminding and for many years overseeing the annual spring alumni weekend and serving sixteen years as secretary/treasurer of the Association.","Farmer eventually gained faculty status at the Law School, making her its first female law professor. She was also active in professional organizations. She had lifetime membership in the American Association of Law Libraries, serving as president in 1959-60. In addition, she was a member of the Virginia State Bar and the State Bar Association, was active in University of Richmond alumni groups, and held membership in Phi Beta Kappa and Order of the Coif. She was a consultant to many US law libraries and to the government law library in Nigeria. In February-March of 1975 she was one of the three American law librarians who served as faculty members of the First Conference of Law Librarians in Nigeria, at the Nigerian Law School on Victoria Island, in Lagos. She was active in promoting interest in microforms for law libraries and was appointed by the attorney general of Virginia in 1976 to explore computerized legal research for Virginia lawyers and public officials.","She retired in August of 1976, and became library consultant to the Center for Oceans Law and Policy at the Law School. The same year, she was designated professor emerita by the Board of Visitors of the University, and her alma mater awarded her an honorary degree in recognition of her outstanding achievements in law librarianship.","Farmer cowrote with Ray Doubles a Manual of Legal Bibliography(The Michie Company, 1947) and editedThe Wilson Reader(Oceana Publications, 1956). In retirement, she compiled an oral history of the second century of the Law School.","A Law School Alumni Association resolution recognizing Frances Farmer's contributions at the thirty-year mark of her tenure stated, \"As a result of her creative mind, an inexhaustible supply of energy, resourcefulness and ability, and her indomitable spirit, the Law Library at the University of Virginia has grown and prospered.\"","Frances Farmer died in Charlottesville on 13 September 1993."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers of Frances Farmer have received minimal organization to make them readily accessible. Her files labeled \"personal correspondence\" are arranged chronologically (1931-1992), and concern both personal and professional matters. Other files that were organized by subject remain as they were. These documents are primarily administrative regarding the Law Library. There are also copies of her speeches, memorabilia, numerous copies of newspaper clippings, awards, and resolutions. Finally, there is an extensive collection of photographs of Farmer, her family, and members of the Law School community.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The papers of Frances Farmer have received minimal organization to make them readily accessible. Her files labeled \"personal correspondence\" are arranged chronologically (1931-1992), and concern both personal and professional matters. Other files that were organized by subject remain as they were. These documents are primarily administrative regarding the Law Library. There are also copies of her speeches, memorabilia, numerous copies of newspaper clippings, awards, and resolutions. Finally, there is an extensive collection of photographs of Farmer, her family, and members of the Law School community."],"corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. 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At that time the library had fewer than 40,000 books, all of them uncataloged, and she was hired to carry out the cataloguing project and to begin a book purchasing program. In 1943 she began teaching legal bibliography and the following year was appointed law librarian. Under her leadership the library grew to 100,000 cataloged volumes by the early 1950s.","Because state funding was never adequate for the growth of a major law library, at the outset Farmer sought the support of the Law School Alumni Association which she found willing to match or exceed state money. Thus began a life-long partnership which helped to make the Law Library one of the top ten in the nation. In return Farmer gave unstintingly to the Alumni Association, masterminding and for many years overseeing the annual spring alumni weekend and serving sixteen years as secretary/treasurer of the Association.","Farmer eventually gained faculty status at the Law School, making her its first female law professor. She was also active in professional organizations. She had lifetime membership in the American Association of Law Libraries, serving as president in 1959-60. In addition, she was a member of the Virginia State Bar and the State Bar Association, was active in University of Richmond alumni groups, and held membership in Phi Beta Kappa and Order of the Coif. She was a consultant to many US law libraries and to the government law library in Nigeria. In February-March of 1975 she was one of the three American law librarians who served as faculty members of the First Conference of Law Librarians in Nigeria, at the Nigerian Law School on Victoria Island, in Lagos. She was active in promoting interest in microforms for law libraries and was appointed by the attorney general of Virginia in 1976 to explore computerized legal research for Virginia lawyers and public officials.","She retired in August of 1976, and became library consultant to the Center for Oceans Law and Policy at the Law School. The same year, she was designated professor emerita by the Board of Visitors of the University, and her alma mater awarded her an honorary degree in recognition of her outstanding achievements in law librarianship.","Farmer cowrote with Ray Doubles a Manual of Legal Bibliography(The Michie Company, 1947) and editedThe Wilson Reader(Oceana Publications, 1956). 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She attended John Marshall High School (1923- 1927), and then studied at Westhampton College, where she majored in history and had considerable success in the debating society. After her junior year of college, she enrolled at T. C. Williams School of Law at the University of Richmond and received her LLB in 1933. The only female in her law class, she graduated with honors and was awarded the O. H. Berry Medal, given to the \"best all-around graduate in law.\" She passed the State Bar Examination in December of the same year.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn October of 1931, Frances Farmer began to work for Dr. Ray Doubles, dean of the University of Richmond Law School as part-time secretary, a position she kept after her graduation. Despite her outstanding academic record, she learned that good positions for female lawyers were extremely difficult to find at that time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMeanwhile, she became very active in Richmond community affairs. 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Also in that year, she joined the American Association of Law Libraries and became a member of the Committee on the Library Journal.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  In July 1942, Farmer accepted the position of senior cataloguer and executive secretary at the University of Virginia Law Library, with an annual salary of $2400.00. At that time the library had fewer than 40,000 books, all of them uncataloged, and she was hired to carry out the cataloguing project and to begin a book purchasing program. In 1943 she began teaching legal bibliography and the following year was appointed law librarian. Under her leadership the library grew to 100,000 cataloged volumes by the early 1950s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBecause state funding was never adequate for the growth of a major law library, at the outset Farmer sought the support of the Law School Alumni Association which she found willing to match or exceed state money. Thus began a life-long partnership which helped to make the Law Library one of the top ten in the nation. In return Farmer gave unstintingly to the Alumni Association, masterminding and for many years overseeing the annual spring alumni weekend and serving sixteen years as secretary/treasurer of the Association.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFarmer eventually gained faculty status at the Law School, making her its first female law professor. She was also active in professional organizations. She had lifetime membership in the American Association of Law Libraries, serving as president in 1959-60. In addition, she was a member of the Virginia State Bar and the State Bar Association, was active in University of Richmond alumni groups, and held membership in Phi Beta Kappa and Order of the Coif. She was a consultant to many US law libraries and to the government law library in Nigeria. In February-March of 1975 she was one of the three American law librarians who served as faculty members of the First Conference of Law Librarians in Nigeria, at the Nigerian Law School on Victoria Island, in Lagos. She was active in promoting interest in microforms for law libraries and was appointed by the attorney general of Virginia in 1976 to explore computerized legal research for Virginia lawyers and public officials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShe retired in August of 1976, and became library consultant to the Center for Oceans Law and Policy at the Law School. The same year, she was designated professor emerita by the Board of Visitors of the University, and her alma mater awarded her an honorary degree in recognition of her outstanding achievements in law librarianship.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFarmer cowrote with Ray Doubles a \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eManual of Legal Bibliography\u003c/emph\u003e(The Michie Company, 1947) and edited\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Wilson Reader\u003c/emph\u003e(Oceana Publications, 1956). In retirement, she compiled an oral history of the second century of the Law School.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA Law School Alumni Association resolution recognizing Frances Farmer's contributions at the thirty-year mark of her tenure stated, \"As a result of her creative mind, an inexhaustible supply of energy, resourcefulness and ability, and her indomitable spirit, the Law Library at the University of Virginia has grown and prospered.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrances Farmer died in Charlottesville on 13 September 1993.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Frances Farmer was born in Keysville, Virginia, on 9 December 1909, but she spent most of her younger years in Richmond, where she moved with her family in 1915. She attended John Marshall High School (1923- 1927), and then studied at Westhampton College, where she majored in history and had considerable success in the debating society. After her junior year of college, she enrolled at T. C. Williams School of Law at the University of Richmond and received her LLB in 1933. The only female in her law class, she graduated with honors and was awarded the O. H. Berry Medal, given to the \"best all-around graduate in law.\" She passed the State Bar Examination in December of the same year.","In October of 1931, Frances Farmer began to work for Dr. Ray Doubles, dean of the University of Richmond Law School as part-time secretary, a position she kept after her graduation. Despite her outstanding academic record, she learned that good positions for female lawyers were extremely difficult to find at that time.","Meanwhile, she became very active in Richmond community affairs. She held a number of offices in the Richmond Branch of University Women (AAUW) (1934-36) and was secretary of the Virginia Consumers' League (1935), the Virginia Social Science Association (1935), and the Virginia Women's Council of Legislative Chairmen of States Organizations (1936). She was also a member of the Board of Directors of the Richmond League of Women Voters and the local YMCA.","Farmer's experience as law librarian began when she entered law school and became the assistant law librarian, in addition to secretary to the dean. In 1934, in the absence of the law librarian, she undertook all the administrative work of the library, including accessioning, selecting and purchasing books, keeping financial records, etc. After completing a course in law library administration at the School of Library Service at Columbia University, she was appointed law librarian at the University of Richmond in 1938. Also in that year, she joined the American Association of Law Libraries and became a member of the Committee on the Library Journal.","In July 1942, Farmer accepted the position of senior cataloguer and executive secretary at the University of Virginia Law Library, with an annual salary of $2400.00. At that time the library had fewer than 40,000 books, all of them uncataloged, and she was hired to carry out the cataloguing project and to begin a book purchasing program. In 1943 she began teaching legal bibliography and the following year was appointed law librarian. Under her leadership the library grew to 100,000 cataloged volumes by the early 1950s.","Because state funding was never adequate for the growth of a major law library, at the outset Farmer sought the support of the Law School Alumni Association which she found willing to match or exceed state money. Thus began a life-long partnership which helped to make the Law Library one of the top ten in the nation. In return Farmer gave unstintingly to the Alumni Association, masterminding and for many years overseeing the annual spring alumni weekend and serving sixteen years as secretary/treasurer of the Association.","Farmer eventually gained faculty status at the Law School, making her its first female law professor. She was also active in professional organizations. She had lifetime membership in the American Association of Law Libraries, serving as president in 1959-60. In addition, she was a member of the Virginia State Bar and the State Bar Association, was active in University of Richmond alumni groups, and held membership in Phi Beta Kappa and Order of the Coif. She was a consultant to many US law libraries and to the government law library in Nigeria. In February-March of 1975 she was one of the three American law librarians who served as faculty members of the First Conference of Law Librarians in Nigeria, at the Nigerian Law School on Victoria Island, in Lagos. She was active in promoting interest in microforms for law libraries and was appointed by the attorney general of Virginia in 1976 to explore computerized legal research for Virginia lawyers and public officials.","She retired in August of 1976, and became library consultant to the Center for Oceans Law and Policy at the Law School. The same year, she was designated professor emerita by the Board of Visitors of the University, and her alma mater awarded her an honorary degree in recognition of her outstanding achievements in law librarianship.","Farmer cowrote with Ray Doubles a Manual of Legal Bibliography(The Michie Company, 1947) and editedThe Wilson Reader(Oceana Publications, 1956). In retirement, she compiled an oral history of the second century of the Law School.","A Law School Alumni Association resolution recognizing Frances Farmer's contributions at the thirty-year mark of her tenure stated, \"As a result of her creative mind, an inexhaustible supply of energy, resourcefulness and ability, and her indomitable spirit, the Law Library at the University of Virginia has grown and prospered.\"","Frances Farmer died in Charlottesville on 13 September 1993."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers of Frances Farmer have received minimal organization to make them readily accessible. Her files labeled \"personal correspondence\" are arranged chronologically (1931-1992), and concern both personal and professional matters. Other files that were organized by subject remain as they were. These documents are primarily administrative regarding the Law Library. 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