{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=World+War%2C+1939-1945.\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026view=compact","next":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=World+War%2C+1939-1945.\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026page=2\u0026view=compact","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=World+War%2C+1939-1945.\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026page=2\u0026view=compact"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":2,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":2,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":19,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vifgm_drennon","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Christine Drennon European lantern slide collection","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_drennon#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"University of Michigan","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_drennon#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This collection contains lantern slides with images and maps of European cities in countries such as the Netherlands, France, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and Italy.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_drennon#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_drennon","ead_ssi":"vifgm_drennon","_root_":"vifgm_drennon","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_drennon","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/gmu/drennon.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://scrc.gmu.edu/finding_aids/drennon.html","title_ssm":["Christine Drennon European lantern slide collection"],"title_tesim":["Christine Drennon European lantern slide collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1930s - 1950"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1930s - 1950"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0068"],"text":["C0068","Christine Drennon European lantern slide collection","Amsterdam (Netherlands)--Slides.","Austria--Slides.","Europe--Geography--Slides.","Geneva (Switzerland)--Slides.","IJssel Lake (Netherlands)--Slides.","Le Havre (France)--Slides.","Longwy (France)--Slides.","Netherlands--Slides.","Piazza San Marco (Venice, Italy)--Slides.","Polders--Netherlands--Slides.","Rotterdam (Netherlands)--Slides.","Sparti (Greece)--Slides.","Strasbourg (France)--Slides.","Tyrol (Austria)--Slides.","Venice (Italy)--Slides.","Wieringermeer--Slides.","Zurich (Switzerland)--Slides.","Cities and towns--Europe--Slides.","World War, 1939-1945.","Aerial photographs--Europe.","Lantern slides--Europe.","There are no access restrictions.","Digitized versions of these items can be found here:  \n                 .","The collection was previously arranged into four series. The collection is currently arranged in its previous order without series.","Christine Drennon is an associate professor of sociology and anthropology at Trinity College in San Antonio, Texas. Drennon specializes in urban geography, particularly urban fragmentation and the consequent social reproduction of race, class, ethnicity, and gender relationships. Drennon received her Ph.D. from the University of Texas, Austin. Previously, she taught as an assistant professor of geography at George Mason University.","Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in August 2009. Additional processing and EAD markup completed by Kristen Korfitzen in October 2011. Collection reprocessed and finding aid updated by Amanda Brent in January 2019.","Special Collections Research Center holds other collections pertaining to Europe and World War II. It holds other collections containing glass lantern slides, such as the   and the   It also holds other early photography collections, such as the ","The Christine Drennon European lantern slide collection contains 106 glass lantern slides from the Universities of Texas and Michigan. The collection consists of images and maps of pre and post-war Europe, including the Netherlands, France, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and Italy. A large portion of the slides depict images and plans of polders - areas reclaimed from lakes and seas by the construction of a series of dams and dikes. Several slides reference historically significant events such as the 1945 inundation of the Wieringermeer - a polder in the northern Netherlands - by Nazi troops. Images show the Wieringermeer before, during, and after inundation. Images also include plans for the reconstruction of dams and the subsequent annexation of German territory awarded as reparations at the end of World War II. The collection also includes a number of images of urban and rural destruction as a result of World War II bombing campaigns across Europe. The rest of the collection includes images of city development, rural farming practices, industrial factories, and some monuments and areas of historical interest. All of the images and slides originate from the 20th century.","Political map of Europe and international alliances\n","Map of the distribution of coal, petroleum and iron in central Europe\n","Map of Europe grouping countries together by geographic location\n","Map of the world with Europe highlighted\n","Political map of Europe showing planned railroad improvements as part of the Marshall Plan\n","Political map of Europe showing the planned boundary changes for the annexation of German territory by the Netherlands\n","Political map of Europe showing the planned boundary changes for the annexation of German territory by the Netherlands\n","Political map of Europe showing the planned boundary changes for the annexation of German territory by the Netherlands\n","Political map of Europe showing the planned boundary changes for the annexation of German territory by the Netherlands\n","Political map of Europe showing the planned boundary changes for the annexation of German territory by the Netherlands\n","Political map of Europe showing the planned boundary changes for the annexation of German territory by the Netherlands\n","Political map of the Dutch-German boundary from 1559\n","Political map of Austria showing the geographic attributes of the Vienna Basin\n","Map of Austria in central Europe\n","Map of Roman Austria with military maneuvers\n","Map of religious conversion in Austria during the 8th, 9th and 10th century\n","Map of 14th century Holland\n","Map of 17th century Holland\n","Map of the Netherlands showing polders and future irrigation plans\n","Map of the Netherlands showing polders and future irrigation plans\n","Map of northern Netherlands detailing plans for IJsselmeer lake and polders\n","Map of northern Netherlands detailing plans for IJsselmeer lake and polders\n","Map of reclaimed lands in the Netherlands\n","French map of the old and new boundaries of Germany and the Netherlands in the town of Dinxperlo\n","French map of the old and new boundaries of Germany and the Netherlands in the town of Losser\n","French map of the old and new boundaries of Germany and the Netherlands in the town of Sittard\n","French map of the old and new boundaries of Germany and the Netherlands along the Westerwolde canal\n","Map showing the depth of the Zuyderzee before enclosing with dikes\n","Plan of the Wieringermeer polder\n","Plan of the Wieringermeer polder\n","Cross section of a polder dike and dam\n","Aerial view of land inundated by water\n","Aerial view of hothouses\n","Dutch windmill with attached buildings and land\n","Flooded rural building\n","Buildings along a canal in Amsterdam\n","Aerial photograph of the Lely pumping station\n","Bikers riding near a small bridge over a Leiden canal\n","Part of IJssel Lake reclaimed for farm land\n","Aerial view of farm plots and small community in Middenmeer\n","Images of Wieringermeer before, during, and after inundation\n","Aerial photograph of Rotterdam with view of the Nieuwe Maas, a distributary of the Rhine River\n","Aerial photograph of Rotterdam with view of Rotterdam Centraal railway station\n","Aerial photograph of Rotterdam with view of city hall\n","Aerial photograph of Rotterdam with view of city hall after the Rotterdam Blitz\n","Aerial view of Rotterdam\n","Aerial photograph of Rotterdam with view of Rotterdam Centraal railway station\n","Dry dock in Rotterdam\n","Aerial view of the Urkerland polder\n","Cars driving on road built on a dike in Friesland with people standing in foreground\n","Aerial view of farm plots in Wieringermeer\n","Farmer ploughing reclaimed land in Wieringermeer\n","Farmer assessing crop on farm land\n","Flooded building\n","Images of Wieringermeer before, during, and after the intentional inundation of the polder by German troops\n","Men and guards at the crossing of the Austrian-Italian border, south of Villach\n","Buildings in Alpbach\n","\"Brenner Pass from the north showing the gentle slope to the watershed\"\n","Roman ruins of the Heidentor of Carnuntum in present day Petronell\n","View of the road to the Grossglockner (mountain) in the Austrian Alps\n","View of Gosau Lake (Gosaulacke) facing south towards Dachstein\n","View of the parish church in the marktgemeinde (Market Town) of Perchtoldsdorf\n","View of road and farm building\n","Aerial view of the town of Schrattenthal from Schneeberg\n","View of Salzburg looking towards Fortress Hohensalzburg\n","Church ceiling in Matrei in OstTyrol, Tyrol. Possibly a detail of a fresco series by Franz Anton Zeiller done for the parish church of Matrei in OstTyrol, 1783\n","Aerial view of building and hills in Tyrol\n","Courtyard of a large estate in Weissenkirchen\n","People in Austrian folk costume dancing in New York City in front of \"International House\"\n","Map of the eastern boundary of Austria\n","View of Velden am Worthersee, including Velden Bay\n","View of Melk Abbey in background and the ruins of old Melk Abbey in foreground, separated by the Danube River\n","Mining equipment and view of valley below\n","View of the dam and mountains beyond\n","Buildings near and onlookers near the Hafelekarspitze\n","View of the Roman Road through trees\n","Farmers working on a hill in Tyrol\n","View of Kobenz next to the Danube River, facing North towards Vienna\n","View of dock in Port of Le Havre with cranes and automobiles\n","View of Longwy with steel factory in background\n","Interior of Longwy steel factory, featuring furnaces and equipment\n","View of abandoned Maginot Fort\n","View of Genissiat Dam\n","Damaged phosphate plant after air attacks in 1944\n","Buildings bordering a canal\n","View from chine in Vosges Mountains with view of valley, river, and roads below\n","Steel plant machinery and equipment \n","Cologne after bombing with view of the Cologne Cathedral\n","View of mill and industrial sprawl in the \"Black Country\" of England\n","View of Cannock Chase buildings\n","Aerial view of Clent Hills\n","Gondoliers, gondolas, and passengers on Venetian canal\n","Gondoliers rowing on Venetian canal, possibly in front of Piazza San Marco\n","View of Piazza San Marco, including the Campanile, from the Venetian Lagoon with gondolier in foreground\n","View of Zurich and the Limmat river\n","View of Geneva, including Mont Blanc in background\n","View of Swiss countryside with Mont Blanc in the background\n","View of \"Oldest temple of (Artemis) Orthia at Sparta\"\n","Farmer tilling field with mechanical digger in unknown European location\n","Aerial view of fields tilled via mechanical trenching in unknown European location\n","Destroyed dike or dam, possibly in Wieringermeer, Netherlands \n","Aerial view of three windmills, likely in Holland\n","View of European port, likely in Netherlands\n","Unidentified map, likely European\n","Unidentified topographical map, likely European\n","View of road on edge of polder, possibly Wieringermeer, Netherlands\n","There are no use restrictions.","This collection contains lantern slides with images and maps of European cities in countries such as the Netherlands, France, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and Italy.","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","University of Michigan","University of Texas","English\n            \t"],"unitid_tesim":["C0068"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Christine Drennon European lantern slide collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Christine Drennon European lantern slide collection"],"collection_ssim":["Christine Drennon European lantern slide collection"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Amsterdam (Netherlands)--Slides.","Austria--Slides.","Europe--Geography--Slides.","Geneva (Switzerland)--Slides.","IJssel Lake (Netherlands)--Slides.","Le Havre (France)--Slides.","Longwy (France)--Slides.","Netherlands--Slides.","Piazza San Marco (Venice, Italy)--Slides.","Polders--Netherlands--Slides.","Rotterdam (Netherlands)--Slides.","Sparti (Greece)--Slides.","Strasbourg (France)--Slides.","Tyrol (Austria)--Slides.","Venice (Italy)--Slides.","Wieringermeer--Slides.","Zurich (Switzerland)--Slides."],"geogname_ssim":["Amsterdam (Netherlands)--Slides.","Austria--Slides.","Europe--Geography--Slides.","Geneva (Switzerland)--Slides.","IJssel Lake (Netherlands)--Slides.","Le Havre (France)--Slides.","Longwy (France)--Slides.","Netherlands--Slides.","Piazza San Marco (Venice, Italy)--Slides.","Polders--Netherlands--Slides.","Rotterdam (Netherlands)--Slides.","Sparti (Greece)--Slides.","Strasbourg (France)--Slides.","Tyrol (Austria)--Slides.","Venice (Italy)--Slides.","Wieringermeer--Slides.","Zurich (Switzerland)--Slides."],"creator_ssm":["University of Michigan","University of Texas"],"creator_ssim":["University of Michigan","University of Texas"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["University of Michigan","University of Texas"],"creators_ssim":["University of Michigan","University of Texas"],"places_ssim":["Amsterdam (Netherlands)--Slides.","Austria--Slides.","Europe--Geography--Slides.","Geneva (Switzerland)--Slides.","IJssel Lake (Netherlands)--Slides.","Le Havre (France)--Slides.","Longwy (France)--Slides.","Netherlands--Slides.","Piazza San Marco (Venice, Italy)--Slides.","Polders--Netherlands--Slides.","Rotterdam (Netherlands)--Slides.","Sparti (Greece)--Slides.","Strasbourg (France)--Slides.","Tyrol (Austria)--Slides.","Venice (Italy)--Slides.","Wieringermeer--Slides.","Zurich (Switzerland)--Slides."],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no use restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Christine Drennon in 2002."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Cities and towns--Europe--Slides.","World War, 1939-1945.","Aerial photographs--Europe.","Lantern slides--Europe."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Cities and towns--Europe--Slides.","World War, 1939-1945.","Aerial photographs--Europe.","Lantern slides--Europe."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.0 linear feet (2 boxes)"],"extent_tesim":["1.0 linear feet (2 boxes)"],"genreform_ssim":["Aerial photographs--Europe.","Lantern slides--Europe."],"date_range_isim":[1950],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDigitized versions of these items can be found here:  \n                \u003cextptr type=\"simple\" show=\"new\" title=\"Christine Drennon European lantern slide collection\" href=\"http://images.gmu.edu/luna/servlet/GMU~12~12\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternative Form Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["Digitized versions of these items can be found here:  \n                 ."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection was previously arranged into four series. The collection is currently arranged in its previous order without series.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection was previously arranged into four series. The collection is currently arranged in its previous order without series."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChristine Drennon is an associate professor of sociology and anthropology at Trinity College in San Antonio, Texas. Drennon specializes in urban geography, particularly urban fragmentation and the consequent social reproduction of race, class, ethnicity, and gender relationships. Drennon received her Ph.D. from the University of Texas, Austin. Previously, she taught as an assistant professor of geography at George Mason University.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Christine Drennon is an associate professor of sociology and anthropology at Trinity College in San Antonio, Texas. Drennon specializes in urban geography, particularly urban fragmentation and the consequent social reproduction of race, class, ethnicity, and gender relationships. Drennon received her Ph.D. from the University of Texas, Austin. Previously, she taught as an assistant professor of geography at George Mason University."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChristine Drennon European lantern slide collection, C0068, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Christine Drennon European lantern slide collection, C0068, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in August 2009. Additional processing and EAD markup completed by Kristen Korfitzen in October 2011. Collection reprocessed and finding aid updated by Amanda Brent in January 2019.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in August 2009. Additional processing and EAD markup completed by Kristen Korfitzen in October 2011. Collection reprocessed and finding aid updated by Amanda Brent in January 2019."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections Research Center holds other collections pertaining to Europe and World War II. It holds other collections containing glass lantern slides, such as the \u003cextptr type=\"simple\" title=\"Randolph H. Lytton Historical Virginia collection\" show=\"new\" href=\"https://scrc.gmu.edu/finding_aids/lytton.html\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e and the \u003cextptr type=\"simple\" title=\"Japanese invasion of Manchuria photograph collection.\" show=\"new\" href=\"https://scrc.gmu.edu/finding_aids/japaneseinvasionphotos.html\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e It also holds other early photography collections, such as the \u003cextptr type=\"simple\" title=\"Larkin Family photograph collection.\" show=\"new\" href=\"https://scrc.gmu.edu/finding_aids/larkin.html\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Special Collections Research Center holds other collections pertaining to Europe and World War II. It holds other collections containing glass lantern slides, such as the   and the   It also holds other early photography collections, such as the "],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Christine Drennon European lantern slide collection contains 106 glass lantern slides from the Universities of Texas and Michigan. The collection consists of images and maps of pre and post-war Europe, including the Netherlands, France, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and Italy. A large portion of the slides depict images and plans of polders - areas reclaimed from lakes and seas by the construction of a series of dams and dikes. Several slides reference historically significant events such as the 1945 inundation of the Wieringermeer - a polder in the northern Netherlands - by Nazi troops. Images show the Wieringermeer before, during, and after inundation. Images also include plans for the reconstruction of dams and the subsequent annexation of German territory awarded as reparations at the end of World War II. The collection also includes a number of images of urban and rural destruction as a result of World War II bombing campaigns across Europe. The rest of the collection includes images of city development, rural farming practices, industrial factories, and some monuments and areas of historical interest. All of the images and slides originate from the 20th century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePolitical map of Europe and international alliances\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMap of the distribution of coal, petroleum and iron in central Europe\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMap of Europe grouping countries together by geographic location\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMap of the world with Europe highlighted\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePolitical map of Europe showing planned railroad improvements as part of the Marshall Plan\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePolitical map of Europe showing the planned boundary changes for the annexation of German territory by the Netherlands\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePolitical map of Europe showing the planned boundary changes for the annexation of German territory by the Netherlands\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePolitical map of Europe showing the planned boundary changes for the annexation of German territory by the Netherlands\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePolitical map of Europe showing the planned boundary changes for the annexation of German territory by the Netherlands\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePolitical map of Europe showing the planned boundary changes for the annexation of German territory by the Netherlands\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePolitical map of Europe showing the planned boundary changes for the annexation of German territory by the Netherlands\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePolitical map of the Dutch-German boundary from 1559\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePolitical map of Austria showing the geographic attributes of the Vienna Basin\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMap of Austria in central Europe\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMap of Roman Austria with military maneuvers\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMap of religious conversion in Austria during the 8th, 9th and 10th century\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMap of 14th century Holland\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMap of 17th century Holland\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMap of the Netherlands showing polders and future irrigation plans\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMap of the Netherlands showing polders and future irrigation plans\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMap of northern Netherlands detailing plans for IJsselmeer lake and polders\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMap of northern Netherlands detailing plans for IJsselmeer lake and polders\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMap of reclaimed lands in the Netherlands\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrench map of the old and new boundaries of Germany and the Netherlands in the town of Dinxperlo\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrench map of the old and new boundaries of Germany and the Netherlands in the town of Losser\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrench map of the old and new boundaries of Germany and the Netherlands in the town of Sittard\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrench map of the old and new boundaries of Germany and the Netherlands along the Westerwolde canal\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMap showing the depth of the Zuyderzee before enclosing with dikes\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePlan of the Wieringermeer polder\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePlan of the Wieringermeer polder\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCross section of a polder dike and dam\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAerial view of land inundated by water\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAerial view of hothouses\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDutch windmill with attached buildings and land\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlooded rural building\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBuildings along a canal in Amsterdam\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAerial photograph of the Lely pumping station\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBikers riding near a small bridge over a Leiden canal\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart of IJssel Lake reclaimed for farm land\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAerial view of farm plots and small community in Middenmeer\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eImages of Wieringermeer before, during, and after inundation\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAerial photograph of Rotterdam with view of the Nieuwe Maas, a distributary of the Rhine River\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAerial photograph of Rotterdam with view of Rotterdam Centraal railway station\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAerial photograph of Rotterdam with view of city hall\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAerial photograph of Rotterdam with view of city hall after the Rotterdam Blitz\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAerial view of Rotterdam\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAerial photograph of Rotterdam with view of Rotterdam Centraal railway station\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDry dock in Rotterdam\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAerial view of the Urkerland polder\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCars driving on road built on a dike in Friesland with people standing in foreground\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAerial view of farm plots in Wieringermeer\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFarmer ploughing reclaimed land in Wieringermeer\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFarmer assessing crop on farm land\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlooded building\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eImages of Wieringermeer before, during, and after the intentional inundation of the polder by German troops\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMen and guards at the crossing of the Austrian-Italian border, south of Villach\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBuildings in Alpbach\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Brenner Pass from the north showing the gentle slope to the watershed\"\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRoman ruins of the Heidentor of Carnuntum in present day Petronell\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eView of the road to the Grossglockner (mountain) in the Austrian Alps\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eView of Gosau Lake (Gosaulacke) facing south towards Dachstein\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eView of the parish church in the marktgemeinde (Market Town) of Perchtoldsdorf\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eView of road and farm building\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAerial view of the town of Schrattenthal from Schneeberg\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eView of Salzburg looking towards Fortress Hohensalzburg\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChurch ceiling in Matrei in OstTyrol, Tyrol. Possibly a detail of a fresco series by Franz Anton Zeiller done for the parish church of Matrei in OstTyrol, 1783\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAerial view of building and hills in Tyrol\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCourtyard of a large estate in Weissenkirchen\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePeople in Austrian folk costume dancing in New York City in front of \"International House\"\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMap of the eastern boundary of Austria\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eView of Velden am Worthersee, including Velden Bay\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eView of Melk Abbey in background and the ruins of old Melk Abbey in foreground, separated by the Danube River\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMining equipment and view of valley below\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eView of the dam and mountains beyond\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBuildings near and onlookers near the Hafelekarspitze\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eView of the Roman Road through trees\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFarmers working on a hill in Tyrol\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eView of Kobenz next to the Danube River, facing North towards Vienna\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eView of dock in Port of Le Havre with cranes and automobiles\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eView of Longwy with steel factory in background\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterior of Longwy steel factory, featuring furnaces and equipment\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eView of abandoned Maginot Fort\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eView of Genissiat Dam\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDamaged phosphate plant after air attacks in 1944\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBuildings bordering a canal\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eView from chine in Vosges Mountains with view of valley, river, and roads below\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSteel plant machinery and equipment \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCologne after bombing with view of the Cologne Cathedral\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eView of mill and industrial sprawl in the \"Black Country\" of England\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eView of Cannock Chase buildings\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAerial view of Clent Hills\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGondoliers, gondolas, and passengers on Venetian canal\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGondoliers rowing on Venetian canal, possibly in front of Piazza San Marco\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eView of Piazza San Marco, including the Campanile, from the Venetian Lagoon with gondolier in foreground\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eView of Zurich and the Limmat river\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eView of Geneva, including Mont Blanc in background\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eView of Swiss countryside with Mont Blanc in the background\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eView of \"Oldest temple of (Artemis) Orthia at Sparta\"\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFarmer tilling field with mechanical digger in unknown European location\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAerial view of fields tilled via mechanical trenching in unknown European location\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDestroyed dike or dam, possibly in Wieringermeer, Netherlands \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAerial view of three windmills, likely in Holland\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eView of European port, likely in Netherlands\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUnidentified map, likely European\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUnidentified topographical map, likely European\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eView of road on edge of polder, possibly Wieringermeer, Netherlands\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Christine Drennon European lantern slide collection contains 106 glass lantern slides from the Universities of Texas and Michigan. The collection consists of images and maps of pre and post-war Europe, including the Netherlands, France, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and Italy. A large portion of the slides depict images and plans of polders - areas reclaimed from lakes and seas by the construction of a series of dams and dikes. Several slides reference historically significant events such as the 1945 inundation of the Wieringermeer - a polder in the northern Netherlands - by Nazi troops. Images show the Wieringermeer before, during, and after inundation. Images also include plans for the reconstruction of dams and the subsequent annexation of German territory awarded as reparations at the end of World War II. The collection also includes a number of images of urban and rural destruction as a result of World War II bombing campaigns across Europe. The rest of the collection includes images of city development, rural farming practices, industrial factories, and some monuments and areas of historical interest. All of the images and slides originate from the 20th century.","Political map of Europe and international alliances\n","Map of the distribution of coal, petroleum and iron in central Europe\n","Map of Europe grouping countries together by geographic location\n","Map of the world with Europe highlighted\n","Political map of Europe showing planned railroad improvements as part of the Marshall Plan\n","Political map of Europe showing the planned boundary changes for the annexation of German territory by the Netherlands\n","Political map of Europe showing the planned boundary changes for the annexation of German territory by the Netherlands\n","Political map of Europe showing the planned boundary changes for the annexation of German territory by the Netherlands\n","Political map of Europe showing the planned boundary changes for the annexation of German territory by the Netherlands\n","Political map of Europe showing the planned boundary changes for the annexation of German territory by the Netherlands\n","Political map of Europe showing the planned boundary changes for the annexation of German territory by the Netherlands\n","Political map of the Dutch-German boundary from 1559\n","Political map of Austria showing the geographic attributes of the Vienna Basin\n","Map of Austria in central Europe\n","Map of Roman Austria with military maneuvers\n","Map of religious conversion in Austria during the 8th, 9th and 10th century\n","Map of 14th century Holland\n","Map of 17th century Holland\n","Map of the Netherlands showing polders and future irrigation plans\n","Map of the Netherlands showing polders and future irrigation plans\n","Map of northern Netherlands detailing plans for IJsselmeer lake and polders\n","Map of northern Netherlands detailing plans for IJsselmeer lake and polders\n","Map of reclaimed lands in the Netherlands\n","French map of the old and new boundaries of Germany and the Netherlands in the town of Dinxperlo\n","French map of the old and new boundaries of Germany and the Netherlands in the town of Losser\n","French map of the old and new boundaries of Germany and the Netherlands in the town of Sittard\n","French map of the old and new boundaries of Germany and the Netherlands along the Westerwolde canal\n","Map showing the depth of the Zuyderzee before enclosing with dikes\n","Plan of the Wieringermeer polder\n","Plan of the Wieringermeer polder\n","Cross section of a polder dike and dam\n","Aerial view of land inundated by water\n","Aerial view of hothouses\n","Dutch windmill with attached buildings and land\n","Flooded rural building\n","Buildings along a canal in Amsterdam\n","Aerial photograph of the Lely pumping station\n","Bikers riding near a small bridge over a Leiden canal\n","Part of IJssel Lake reclaimed for farm land\n","Aerial view of farm plots and small community in Middenmeer\n","Images of Wieringermeer before, during, and after inundation\n","Aerial photograph of Rotterdam with view of the Nieuwe Maas, a distributary of the Rhine River\n","Aerial photograph of Rotterdam with view of Rotterdam Centraal railway station\n","Aerial photograph of Rotterdam with view of city hall\n","Aerial photograph of Rotterdam with view of city hall after the Rotterdam Blitz\n","Aerial view of Rotterdam\n","Aerial photograph of Rotterdam with view of Rotterdam Centraal railway station\n","Dry dock in Rotterdam\n","Aerial view of the Urkerland polder\n","Cars driving on road built on a dike in Friesland with people standing in foreground\n","Aerial view of farm plots in Wieringermeer\n","Farmer ploughing reclaimed land in Wieringermeer\n","Farmer assessing crop on farm land\n","Flooded building\n","Images of Wieringermeer before, during, and after the intentional inundation of the polder by German troops\n","Men and guards at the crossing of the Austrian-Italian border, south of Villach\n","Buildings in Alpbach\n","\"Brenner Pass from the north showing the gentle slope to the watershed\"\n","Roman ruins of the Heidentor of Carnuntum in present day Petronell\n","View of the road to the Grossglockner (mountain) in the Austrian Alps\n","View of Gosau Lake (Gosaulacke) facing south towards Dachstein\n","View of the parish church in the marktgemeinde (Market Town) of Perchtoldsdorf\n","View of road and farm building\n","Aerial view of the town of Schrattenthal from Schneeberg\n","View of Salzburg looking towards Fortress Hohensalzburg\n","Church ceiling in Matrei in OstTyrol, Tyrol. Possibly a detail of a fresco series by Franz Anton Zeiller done for the parish church of Matrei in OstTyrol, 1783\n","Aerial view of building and hills in Tyrol\n","Courtyard of a large estate in Weissenkirchen\n","People in Austrian folk costume dancing in New York City in front of \"International House\"\n","Map of the eastern boundary of Austria\n","View of Velden am Worthersee, including Velden Bay\n","View of Melk Abbey in background and the ruins of old Melk Abbey in foreground, separated by the Danube River\n","Mining equipment and view of valley below\n","View of the dam and mountains beyond\n","Buildings near and onlookers near the Hafelekarspitze\n","View of the Roman Road through trees\n","Farmers working on a hill in Tyrol\n","View of Kobenz next to the Danube River, facing North towards Vienna\n","View of dock in Port of Le Havre with cranes and automobiles\n","View of Longwy with steel factory in background\n","Interior of Longwy steel factory, featuring furnaces and equipment\n","View of abandoned Maginot Fort\n","View of Genissiat Dam\n","Damaged phosphate plant after air attacks in 1944\n","Buildings bordering a canal\n","View from chine in Vosges Mountains with view of valley, river, and roads below\n","Steel plant machinery and equipment \n","Cologne after bombing with view of the Cologne Cathedral\n","View of mill and industrial sprawl in the \"Black Country\" of England\n","View of Cannock Chase buildings\n","Aerial view of Clent Hills\n","Gondoliers, gondolas, and passengers on Venetian canal\n","Gondoliers rowing on Venetian canal, possibly in front of Piazza San Marco\n","View of Piazza San Marco, including the Campanile, from the Venetian Lagoon with gondolier in foreground\n","View of Zurich and the Limmat river\n","View of Geneva, including Mont Blanc in background\n","View of Swiss countryside with Mont Blanc in the background\n","View of \"Oldest temple of (Artemis) Orthia at Sparta\"\n","Farmer tilling field with mechanical digger in unknown European location\n","Aerial view of fields tilled via mechanical trenching in unknown European location\n","Destroyed dike or dam, possibly in Wieringermeer, Netherlands \n","Aerial view of three windmills, likely in Holland\n","View of European port, likely in Netherlands\n","Unidentified map, likely European\n","Unidentified topographical map, likely European\n","View of road on edge of polder, possibly Wieringermeer, Netherlands\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no use restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no use restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"ref348\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection contains lantern slides with images and maps of European cities in countries such as the Netherlands, France, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and Italy.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains lantern slides with images and maps of European cities in countries such as the Netherlands, France, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and Italy."],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","University of Michigan","University of Texas"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","University of Michigan","University of Texas"],"language_ssim":["English\n            \t"],"total_component_count_is":106,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T06:42:20.730Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_drennon","ead_ssi":"vifgm_drennon","_root_":"vifgm_drennon","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_drennon","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/gmu/drennon.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://scrc.gmu.edu/finding_aids/drennon.html","title_ssm":["Christine Drennon European lantern slide collection"],"title_tesim":["Christine Drennon European lantern slide collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1930s - 1950"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1930s - 1950"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0068"],"text":["C0068","Christine Drennon European lantern slide collection","Amsterdam (Netherlands)--Slides.","Austria--Slides.","Europe--Geography--Slides.","Geneva (Switzerland)--Slides.","IJssel Lake (Netherlands)--Slides.","Le Havre (France)--Slides.","Longwy (France)--Slides.","Netherlands--Slides.","Piazza San Marco (Venice, Italy)--Slides.","Polders--Netherlands--Slides.","Rotterdam (Netherlands)--Slides.","Sparti (Greece)--Slides.","Strasbourg (France)--Slides.","Tyrol (Austria)--Slides.","Venice (Italy)--Slides.","Wieringermeer--Slides.","Zurich (Switzerland)--Slides.","Cities and towns--Europe--Slides.","World War, 1939-1945.","Aerial photographs--Europe.","Lantern slides--Europe.","There are no access restrictions.","Digitized versions of these items can be found here:  \n                 .","The collection was previously arranged into four series. The collection is currently arranged in its previous order without series.","Christine Drennon is an associate professor of sociology and anthropology at Trinity College in San Antonio, Texas. Drennon specializes in urban geography, particularly urban fragmentation and the consequent social reproduction of race, class, ethnicity, and gender relationships. Drennon received her Ph.D. from the University of Texas, Austin. Previously, she taught as an assistant professor of geography at George Mason University.","Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in August 2009. Additional processing and EAD markup completed by Kristen Korfitzen in October 2011. Collection reprocessed and finding aid updated by Amanda Brent in January 2019.","Special Collections Research Center holds other collections pertaining to Europe and World War II. It holds other collections containing glass lantern slides, such as the   and the   It also holds other early photography collections, such as the ","The Christine Drennon European lantern slide collection contains 106 glass lantern slides from the Universities of Texas and Michigan. The collection consists of images and maps of pre and post-war Europe, including the Netherlands, France, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and Italy. A large portion of the slides depict images and plans of polders - areas reclaimed from lakes and seas by the construction of a series of dams and dikes. Several slides reference historically significant events such as the 1945 inundation of the Wieringermeer - a polder in the northern Netherlands - by Nazi troops. Images show the Wieringermeer before, during, and after inundation. Images also include plans for the reconstruction of dams and the subsequent annexation of German territory awarded as reparations at the end of World War II. The collection also includes a number of images of urban and rural destruction as a result of World War II bombing campaigns across Europe. The rest of the collection includes images of city development, rural farming practices, industrial factories, and some monuments and areas of historical interest. All of the images and slides originate from the 20th century.","Political map of Europe and international alliances\n","Map of the distribution of coal, petroleum and iron in central Europe\n","Map of Europe grouping countries together by geographic location\n","Map of the world with Europe highlighted\n","Political map of Europe showing planned railroad improvements as part of the Marshall Plan\n","Political map of Europe showing the planned boundary changes for the annexation of German territory by the Netherlands\n","Political map of Europe showing the planned boundary changes for the annexation of German territory by the Netherlands\n","Political map of Europe showing the planned boundary changes for the annexation of German territory by the Netherlands\n","Political map of Europe showing the planned boundary changes for the annexation of German territory by the Netherlands\n","Political map of Europe showing the planned boundary changes for the annexation of German territory by the Netherlands\n","Political map of Europe showing the planned boundary changes for the annexation of German territory by the Netherlands\n","Political map of the Dutch-German boundary from 1559\n","Political map of Austria showing the geographic attributes of the Vienna Basin\n","Map of Austria in central Europe\n","Map of Roman Austria with military maneuvers\n","Map of religious conversion in Austria during the 8th, 9th and 10th century\n","Map of 14th century Holland\n","Map of 17th century Holland\n","Map of the Netherlands showing polders and future irrigation plans\n","Map of the Netherlands showing polders and future irrigation plans\n","Map of northern Netherlands detailing plans for IJsselmeer lake and polders\n","Map of northern Netherlands detailing plans for IJsselmeer lake and polders\n","Map of reclaimed lands in the Netherlands\n","French map of the old and new boundaries of Germany and the Netherlands in the town of Dinxperlo\n","French map of the old and new boundaries of Germany and the Netherlands in the town of Losser\n","French map of the old and new boundaries of Germany and the Netherlands in the town of Sittard\n","French map of the old and new boundaries of Germany and the Netherlands along the Westerwolde canal\n","Map showing the depth of the Zuyderzee before enclosing with dikes\n","Plan of the Wieringermeer polder\n","Plan of the Wieringermeer polder\n","Cross section of a polder dike and dam\n","Aerial view of land inundated by water\n","Aerial view of hothouses\n","Dutch windmill with attached buildings and land\n","Flooded rural building\n","Buildings along a canal in Amsterdam\n","Aerial photograph of the Lely pumping station\n","Bikers riding near a small bridge over a Leiden canal\n","Part of IJssel Lake reclaimed for farm land\n","Aerial view of farm plots and small community in Middenmeer\n","Images of Wieringermeer before, during, and after inundation\n","Aerial photograph of Rotterdam with view of the Nieuwe Maas, a distributary of the Rhine River\n","Aerial photograph of Rotterdam with view of Rotterdam Centraal railway station\n","Aerial photograph of Rotterdam with view of city hall\n","Aerial photograph of Rotterdam with view of city hall after the Rotterdam Blitz\n","Aerial view of Rotterdam\n","Aerial photograph of Rotterdam with view of Rotterdam Centraal railway station\n","Dry dock in Rotterdam\n","Aerial view of the Urkerland polder\n","Cars driving on road built on a dike in Friesland with people standing in foreground\n","Aerial view of farm plots in Wieringermeer\n","Farmer ploughing reclaimed land in Wieringermeer\n","Farmer assessing crop on farm land\n","Flooded building\n","Images of Wieringermeer before, during, and after the intentional inundation of the polder by German troops\n","Men and guards at the crossing of the Austrian-Italian border, south of Villach\n","Buildings in Alpbach\n","\"Brenner Pass from the north showing the gentle slope to the watershed\"\n","Roman ruins of the Heidentor of Carnuntum in present day Petronell\n","View of the road to the Grossglockner (mountain) in the Austrian Alps\n","View of Gosau Lake (Gosaulacke) facing south towards Dachstein\n","View of the parish church in the marktgemeinde (Market Town) of Perchtoldsdorf\n","View of road and farm building\n","Aerial view of the town of Schrattenthal from Schneeberg\n","View of Salzburg looking towards Fortress Hohensalzburg\n","Church ceiling in Matrei in OstTyrol, Tyrol. Possibly a detail of a fresco series by Franz Anton Zeiller done for the parish church of Matrei in OstTyrol, 1783\n","Aerial view of building and hills in Tyrol\n","Courtyard of a large estate in Weissenkirchen\n","People in Austrian folk costume dancing in New York City in front of \"International House\"\n","Map of the eastern boundary of Austria\n","View of Velden am Worthersee, including Velden Bay\n","View of Melk Abbey in background and the ruins of old Melk Abbey in foreground, separated by the Danube River\n","Mining equipment and view of valley below\n","View of the dam and mountains beyond\n","Buildings near and onlookers near the Hafelekarspitze\n","View of the Roman Road through trees\n","Farmers working on a hill in Tyrol\n","View of Kobenz next to the Danube River, facing North towards Vienna\n","View of dock in Port of Le Havre with cranes and automobiles\n","View of Longwy with steel factory in background\n","Interior of Longwy steel factory, featuring furnaces and equipment\n","View of abandoned Maginot Fort\n","View of Genissiat Dam\n","Damaged phosphate plant after air attacks in 1944\n","Buildings bordering a canal\n","View from chine in Vosges Mountains with view of valley, river, and roads below\n","Steel plant machinery and equipment \n","Cologne after bombing with view of the Cologne Cathedral\n","View of mill and industrial sprawl in the \"Black Country\" of England\n","View of Cannock Chase buildings\n","Aerial view of Clent Hills\n","Gondoliers, gondolas, and passengers on Venetian canal\n","Gondoliers rowing on Venetian canal, possibly in front of Piazza San Marco\n","View of Piazza San Marco, including the Campanile, from the Venetian Lagoon with gondolier in foreground\n","View of Zurich and the Limmat river\n","View of Geneva, including Mont Blanc in background\n","View of Swiss countryside with Mont Blanc in the background\n","View of \"Oldest temple of (Artemis) Orthia at Sparta\"\n","Farmer tilling field with mechanical digger in unknown European location\n","Aerial view of fields tilled via mechanical trenching in unknown European location\n","Destroyed dike or dam, possibly in Wieringermeer, Netherlands \n","Aerial view of three windmills, likely in Holland\n","View of European port, likely in Netherlands\n","Unidentified map, likely European\n","Unidentified topographical map, likely European\n","View of road on edge of polder, possibly Wieringermeer, Netherlands\n","There are no use restrictions.","This collection contains lantern slides with images and maps of European cities in countries such as the Netherlands, France, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and Italy.","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","University of Michigan","University of Texas","English\n            \t"],"unitid_tesim":["C0068"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Christine Drennon European lantern slide collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Christine Drennon European lantern slide collection"],"collection_ssim":["Christine Drennon European lantern slide collection"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Amsterdam (Netherlands)--Slides.","Austria--Slides.","Europe--Geography--Slides.","Geneva (Switzerland)--Slides.","IJssel Lake (Netherlands)--Slides.","Le Havre (France)--Slides.","Longwy (France)--Slides.","Netherlands--Slides.","Piazza San Marco (Venice, Italy)--Slides.","Polders--Netherlands--Slides.","Rotterdam (Netherlands)--Slides.","Sparti (Greece)--Slides.","Strasbourg (France)--Slides.","Tyrol (Austria)--Slides.","Venice (Italy)--Slides.","Wieringermeer--Slides.","Zurich (Switzerland)--Slides."],"geogname_ssim":["Amsterdam (Netherlands)--Slides.","Austria--Slides.","Europe--Geography--Slides.","Geneva (Switzerland)--Slides.","IJssel Lake (Netherlands)--Slides.","Le Havre (France)--Slides.","Longwy (France)--Slides.","Netherlands--Slides.","Piazza San Marco (Venice, Italy)--Slides.","Polders--Netherlands--Slides.","Rotterdam (Netherlands)--Slides.","Sparti (Greece)--Slides.","Strasbourg (France)--Slides.","Tyrol (Austria)--Slides.","Venice (Italy)--Slides.","Wieringermeer--Slides.","Zurich (Switzerland)--Slides."],"creator_ssm":["University of Michigan","University of Texas"],"creator_ssim":["University of Michigan","University of Texas"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["University of Michigan","University of Texas"],"creators_ssim":["University of Michigan","University of Texas"],"places_ssim":["Amsterdam (Netherlands)--Slides.","Austria--Slides.","Europe--Geography--Slides.","Geneva (Switzerland)--Slides.","IJssel Lake (Netherlands)--Slides.","Le Havre (France)--Slides.","Longwy (France)--Slides.","Netherlands--Slides.","Piazza San Marco (Venice, Italy)--Slides.","Polders--Netherlands--Slides.","Rotterdam (Netherlands)--Slides.","Sparti (Greece)--Slides.","Strasbourg (France)--Slides.","Tyrol (Austria)--Slides.","Venice (Italy)--Slides.","Wieringermeer--Slides.","Zurich (Switzerland)--Slides."],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no use restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Christine Drennon in 2002."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Cities and towns--Europe--Slides.","World War, 1939-1945.","Aerial photographs--Europe.","Lantern slides--Europe."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Cities and towns--Europe--Slides.","World War, 1939-1945.","Aerial photographs--Europe.","Lantern slides--Europe."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.0 linear feet (2 boxes)"],"extent_tesim":["1.0 linear feet (2 boxes)"],"genreform_ssim":["Aerial photographs--Europe.","Lantern slides--Europe."],"date_range_isim":[1950],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDigitized versions of these items can be found here:  \n                \u003cextptr type=\"simple\" show=\"new\" title=\"Christine Drennon European lantern slide collection\" href=\"http://images.gmu.edu/luna/servlet/GMU~12~12\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternative Form Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["Digitized versions of these items can be found here:  \n                 ."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection was previously arranged into four series. The collection is currently arranged in its previous order without series.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection was previously arranged into four series. The collection is currently arranged in its previous order without series."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChristine Drennon is an associate professor of sociology and anthropology at Trinity College in San Antonio, Texas. Drennon specializes in urban geography, particularly urban fragmentation and the consequent social reproduction of race, class, ethnicity, and gender relationships. Drennon received her Ph.D. from the University of Texas, Austin. Previously, she taught as an assistant professor of geography at George Mason University.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Christine Drennon is an associate professor of sociology and anthropology at Trinity College in San Antonio, Texas. Drennon specializes in urban geography, particularly urban fragmentation and the consequent social reproduction of race, class, ethnicity, and gender relationships. Drennon received her Ph.D. from the University of Texas, Austin. Previously, she taught as an assistant professor of geography at George Mason University."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChristine Drennon European lantern slide collection, C0068, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Christine Drennon European lantern slide collection, C0068, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in August 2009. Additional processing and EAD markup completed by Kristen Korfitzen in October 2011. Collection reprocessed and finding aid updated by Amanda Brent in January 2019.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty in August 2009. Additional processing and EAD markup completed by Kristen Korfitzen in October 2011. Collection reprocessed and finding aid updated by Amanda Brent in January 2019."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections Research Center holds other collections pertaining to Europe and World War II. It holds other collections containing glass lantern slides, such as the \u003cextptr type=\"simple\" title=\"Randolph H. Lytton Historical Virginia collection\" show=\"new\" href=\"https://scrc.gmu.edu/finding_aids/lytton.html\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e and the \u003cextptr type=\"simple\" title=\"Japanese invasion of Manchuria photograph collection.\" show=\"new\" href=\"https://scrc.gmu.edu/finding_aids/japaneseinvasionphotos.html\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e It also holds other early photography collections, such as the \u003cextptr type=\"simple\" title=\"Larkin Family photograph collection.\" show=\"new\" href=\"https://scrc.gmu.edu/finding_aids/larkin.html\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Special Collections Research Center holds other collections pertaining to Europe and World War II. It holds other collections containing glass lantern slides, such as the   and the   It also holds other early photography collections, such as the "],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Christine Drennon European lantern slide collection contains 106 glass lantern slides from the Universities of Texas and Michigan. The collection consists of images and maps of pre and post-war Europe, including the Netherlands, France, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and Italy. A large portion of the slides depict images and plans of polders - areas reclaimed from lakes and seas by the construction of a series of dams and dikes. Several slides reference historically significant events such as the 1945 inundation of the Wieringermeer - a polder in the northern Netherlands - by Nazi troops. Images show the Wieringermeer before, during, and after inundation. Images also include plans for the reconstruction of dams and the subsequent annexation of German territory awarded as reparations at the end of World War II. The collection also includes a number of images of urban and rural destruction as a result of World War II bombing campaigns across Europe. The rest of the collection includes images of city development, rural farming practices, industrial factories, and some monuments and areas of historical interest. All of the images and slides originate from the 20th century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePolitical map of Europe and international alliances\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMap of the distribution of coal, petroleum and iron in central Europe\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMap of Europe grouping countries together by geographic location\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMap of the world with Europe highlighted\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePolitical map of Europe showing planned railroad improvements as part of the Marshall Plan\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePolitical map of Europe showing the planned boundary changes for the annexation of German territory by the Netherlands\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePolitical map of Europe showing the planned boundary changes for the annexation of German territory by the Netherlands\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePolitical map of Europe showing the planned boundary changes for the annexation of German territory by the Netherlands\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePolitical map of Europe showing the planned boundary changes for the annexation of German territory by the Netherlands\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePolitical map of Europe showing the planned boundary changes for the annexation of German territory by the Netherlands\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePolitical map of Europe showing the planned boundary changes for the annexation of German territory by the Netherlands\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePolitical map of the Dutch-German boundary from 1559\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePolitical map of Austria showing the geographic attributes of the Vienna Basin\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMap of Austria in central Europe\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMap of Roman Austria with military maneuvers\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMap of religious conversion in Austria during the 8th, 9th and 10th century\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMap of 14th century Holland\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMap of 17th century Holland\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMap of the Netherlands showing polders and future irrigation plans\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMap of the Netherlands showing polders and future irrigation plans\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMap of northern Netherlands detailing plans for IJsselmeer lake and polders\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMap of northern Netherlands detailing plans for IJsselmeer lake and polders\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMap of reclaimed lands in the Netherlands\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrench map of the old and new boundaries of Germany and the Netherlands in the town of Dinxperlo\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrench map of the old and new boundaries of Germany and the Netherlands in the town of Losser\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrench map of the old and new boundaries of Germany and the Netherlands in the town of Sittard\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrench map of the old and new boundaries of Germany and the Netherlands along the Westerwolde canal\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMap showing the depth of the Zuyderzee before enclosing with dikes\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePlan of the Wieringermeer polder\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePlan of the Wieringermeer polder\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCross section of a polder dike and dam\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAerial view of land inundated by water\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAerial view of hothouses\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDutch windmill with attached buildings and land\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlooded rural building\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBuildings along a canal in Amsterdam\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAerial photograph of the Lely pumping station\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBikers riding near a small bridge over a Leiden canal\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePart of IJssel Lake reclaimed for farm land\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAerial view of farm plots and small community in Middenmeer\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eImages of Wieringermeer before, during, and after inundation\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAerial photograph of Rotterdam with view of the Nieuwe Maas, a distributary of the Rhine River\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAerial photograph of Rotterdam with view of Rotterdam Centraal railway station\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAerial photograph of Rotterdam with view of city hall\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAerial photograph of Rotterdam with view of city hall after the Rotterdam Blitz\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAerial view of Rotterdam\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAerial photograph of Rotterdam with view of Rotterdam Centraal railway station\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDry dock in Rotterdam\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAerial view of the Urkerland polder\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCars driving on road built on a dike in Friesland with people standing in foreground\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAerial view of farm plots in Wieringermeer\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFarmer ploughing reclaimed land in Wieringermeer\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFarmer assessing crop on farm land\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFlooded building\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eImages of Wieringermeer before, during, and after the intentional inundation of the polder by German troops\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMen and guards at the crossing of the Austrian-Italian border, south of Villach\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBuildings in Alpbach\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Brenner Pass from the north showing the gentle slope to the watershed\"\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRoman ruins of the Heidentor of Carnuntum in present day Petronell\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eView of the road to the Grossglockner (mountain) in the Austrian Alps\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eView of Gosau Lake (Gosaulacke) facing south towards Dachstein\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eView of the parish church in the marktgemeinde (Market Town) of Perchtoldsdorf\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eView of road and farm building\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAerial view of the town of Schrattenthal from Schneeberg\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eView of Salzburg looking towards Fortress Hohensalzburg\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChurch ceiling in Matrei in OstTyrol, Tyrol. Possibly a detail of a fresco series by Franz Anton Zeiller done for the parish church of Matrei in OstTyrol, 1783\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAerial view of building and hills in Tyrol\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCourtyard of a large estate in Weissenkirchen\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePeople in Austrian folk costume dancing in New York City in front of \"International House\"\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMap of the eastern boundary of Austria\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eView of Velden am Worthersee, including Velden Bay\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eView of Melk Abbey in background and the ruins of old Melk Abbey in foreground, separated by the Danube River\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMining equipment and view of valley below\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eView of the dam and mountains beyond\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBuildings near and onlookers near the Hafelekarspitze\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eView of the Roman Road through trees\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFarmers working on a hill in Tyrol\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eView of Kobenz next to the Danube River, facing North towards Vienna\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eView of dock in Port of Le Havre with cranes and automobiles\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eView of Longwy with steel factory in background\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterior of Longwy steel factory, featuring furnaces and equipment\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eView of abandoned Maginot Fort\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eView of Genissiat Dam\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDamaged phosphate plant after air attacks in 1944\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBuildings bordering a canal\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eView from chine in Vosges Mountains with view of valley, river, and roads below\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSteel plant machinery and equipment \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCologne after bombing with view of the Cologne Cathedral\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eView of mill and industrial sprawl in the \"Black Country\" of England\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eView of Cannock Chase buildings\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAerial view of Clent Hills\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGondoliers, gondolas, and passengers on Venetian canal\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGondoliers rowing on Venetian canal, possibly in front of Piazza San Marco\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eView of Piazza San Marco, including the Campanile, from the Venetian Lagoon with gondolier in foreground\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eView of Zurich and the Limmat river\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eView of Geneva, including Mont Blanc in background\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eView of Swiss countryside with Mont Blanc in the background\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eView of \"Oldest temple of (Artemis) Orthia at Sparta\"\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFarmer tilling field with mechanical digger in unknown European location\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAerial view of fields tilled via mechanical trenching in unknown European location\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDestroyed dike or dam, possibly in Wieringermeer, Netherlands \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAerial view of three windmills, likely in Holland\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eView of European port, likely in Netherlands\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUnidentified map, likely European\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUnidentified topographical map, likely European\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eView of road on edge of polder, possibly Wieringermeer, Netherlands\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Christine Drennon European lantern slide collection contains 106 glass lantern slides from the Universities of Texas and Michigan. The collection consists of images and maps of pre and post-war Europe, including the Netherlands, France, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and Italy. A large portion of the slides depict images and plans of polders - areas reclaimed from lakes and seas by the construction of a series of dams and dikes. Several slides reference historically significant events such as the 1945 inundation of the Wieringermeer - a polder in the northern Netherlands - by Nazi troops. Images show the Wieringermeer before, during, and after inundation. Images also include plans for the reconstruction of dams and the subsequent annexation of German territory awarded as reparations at the end of World War II. The collection also includes a number of images of urban and rural destruction as a result of World War II bombing campaigns across Europe. The rest of the collection includes images of city development, rural farming practices, industrial factories, and some monuments and areas of historical interest. All of the images and slides originate from the 20th century.","Political map of Europe and international alliances\n","Map of the distribution of coal, petroleum and iron in central Europe\n","Map of Europe grouping countries together by geographic location\n","Map of the world with Europe highlighted\n","Political map of Europe showing planned railroad improvements as part of the Marshall Plan\n","Political map of Europe showing the planned boundary changes for the annexation of German territory by the Netherlands\n","Political map of Europe showing the planned boundary changes for the annexation of German territory by the Netherlands\n","Political map of Europe showing the planned boundary changes for the annexation of German territory by the Netherlands\n","Political map of Europe showing the planned boundary changes for the annexation of German territory by the Netherlands\n","Political map of Europe showing the planned boundary changes for the annexation of German territory by the Netherlands\n","Political map of Europe showing the planned boundary changes for the annexation of German territory by the Netherlands\n","Political map of the Dutch-German boundary from 1559\n","Political map of Austria showing the geographic attributes of the Vienna Basin\n","Map of Austria in central Europe\n","Map of Roman Austria with military maneuvers\n","Map of religious conversion in Austria during the 8th, 9th and 10th century\n","Map of 14th century Holland\n","Map of 17th century Holland\n","Map of the Netherlands showing polders and future irrigation plans\n","Map of the Netherlands showing polders and future irrigation plans\n","Map of northern Netherlands detailing plans for IJsselmeer lake and polders\n","Map of northern Netherlands detailing plans for IJsselmeer lake and polders\n","Map of reclaimed lands in the Netherlands\n","French map of the old and new boundaries of Germany and the Netherlands in the town of Dinxperlo\n","French map of the old and new boundaries of Germany and the Netherlands in the town of Losser\n","French map of the old and new boundaries of Germany and the Netherlands in the town of Sittard\n","French map of the old and new boundaries of Germany and the Netherlands along the Westerwolde canal\n","Map showing the depth of the Zuyderzee before enclosing with dikes\n","Plan of the Wieringermeer polder\n","Plan of the Wieringermeer polder\n","Cross section of a polder dike and dam\n","Aerial view of land inundated by water\n","Aerial view of hothouses\n","Dutch windmill with attached buildings and land\n","Flooded rural building\n","Buildings along a canal in Amsterdam\n","Aerial photograph of the Lely pumping station\n","Bikers riding near a small bridge over a Leiden canal\n","Part of IJssel Lake reclaimed for farm land\n","Aerial view of farm plots and small community in Middenmeer\n","Images of Wieringermeer before, during, and after inundation\n","Aerial photograph of Rotterdam with view of the Nieuwe Maas, a distributary of the Rhine River\n","Aerial photograph of Rotterdam with view of Rotterdam Centraal railway station\n","Aerial photograph of Rotterdam with view of city hall\n","Aerial photograph of Rotterdam with view of city hall after the Rotterdam Blitz\n","Aerial view of Rotterdam\n","Aerial photograph of Rotterdam with view of Rotterdam Centraal railway station\n","Dry dock in Rotterdam\n","Aerial view of the Urkerland polder\n","Cars driving on road built on a dike in Friesland with people standing in foreground\n","Aerial view of farm plots in Wieringermeer\n","Farmer ploughing reclaimed land in Wieringermeer\n","Farmer assessing crop on farm land\n","Flooded building\n","Images of Wieringermeer before, during, and after the intentional inundation of the polder by German troops\n","Men and guards at the crossing of the Austrian-Italian border, south of Villach\n","Buildings in Alpbach\n","\"Brenner Pass from the north showing the gentle slope to the watershed\"\n","Roman ruins of the Heidentor of Carnuntum in present day Petronell\n","View of the road to the Grossglockner (mountain) in the Austrian Alps\n","View of Gosau Lake (Gosaulacke) facing south towards Dachstein\n","View of the parish church in the marktgemeinde (Market Town) of Perchtoldsdorf\n","View of road and farm building\n","Aerial view of the town of Schrattenthal from Schneeberg\n","View of Salzburg looking towards Fortress Hohensalzburg\n","Church ceiling in Matrei in OstTyrol, Tyrol. Possibly a detail of a fresco series by Franz Anton Zeiller done for the parish church of Matrei in OstTyrol, 1783\n","Aerial view of building and hills in Tyrol\n","Courtyard of a large estate in Weissenkirchen\n","People in Austrian folk costume dancing in New York City in front of \"International House\"\n","Map of the eastern boundary of Austria\n","View of Velden am Worthersee, including Velden Bay\n","View of Melk Abbey in background and the ruins of old Melk Abbey in foreground, separated by the Danube River\n","Mining equipment and view of valley below\n","View of the dam and mountains beyond\n","Buildings near and onlookers near the Hafelekarspitze\n","View of the Roman Road through trees\n","Farmers working on a hill in Tyrol\n","View of Kobenz next to the Danube River, facing North towards Vienna\n","View of dock in Port of Le Havre with cranes and automobiles\n","View of Longwy with steel factory in background\n","Interior of Longwy steel factory, featuring furnaces and equipment\n","View of abandoned Maginot Fort\n","View of Genissiat Dam\n","Damaged phosphate plant after air attacks in 1944\n","Buildings bordering a canal\n","View from chine in Vosges Mountains with view of valley, river, and roads below\n","Steel plant machinery and equipment \n","Cologne after bombing with view of the Cologne Cathedral\n","View of mill and industrial sprawl in the \"Black Country\" of England\n","View of Cannock Chase buildings\n","Aerial view of Clent Hills\n","Gondoliers, gondolas, and passengers on Venetian canal\n","Gondoliers rowing on Venetian canal, possibly in front of Piazza San Marco\n","View of Piazza San Marco, including the Campanile, from the Venetian Lagoon with gondolier in foreground\n","View of Zurich and the Limmat river\n","View of Geneva, including Mont Blanc in background\n","View of Swiss countryside with Mont Blanc in the background\n","View of \"Oldest temple of (Artemis) Orthia at Sparta\"\n","Farmer tilling field with mechanical digger in unknown European location\n","Aerial view of fields tilled via mechanical trenching in unknown European location\n","Destroyed dike or dam, possibly in Wieringermeer, Netherlands \n","Aerial view of three windmills, likely in Holland\n","View of European port, likely in Netherlands\n","Unidentified map, likely European\n","Unidentified topographical map, likely European\n","View of road on edge of polder, possibly Wieringermeer, Netherlands\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no use restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no use restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"ref348\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection contains lantern slides with images and maps of European cities in countries such as the Netherlands, France, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and Italy.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains lantern slides with images and maps of European cities in countries such as the Netherlands, France, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and Italy."],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","University of Michigan","University of Texas"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","University of Michigan","University of Texas"],"language_ssim":["English\n            \t"],"total_component_count_is":106,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T06:42:20.730Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_drennon"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_544","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Elizabeth Magie papers","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_544#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection is comprised of two notebooks and four reports relating to Magie's coursework at Richmond Professional Institute, School of Store Services Education from 1942 to 1943. In addition to her research, the reports often contain sketches, charts, and clippings. Magie's work provides insight into the effect the war had on the fashions of the day. She includes clippings related to the call for reduced consumption of cloth and clothing to avoid rationing, the difficulty women had in finding good stockings, and the issues of creating suitable, safe uniforms for women working in factories.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_544#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_544","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_544","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_544","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_544","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_544.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://search.vaheritage.org/vivaxtf/view?docId=vcu-cab/vircu00159.xml;query=;brand=default","title_filing_ssi":"Magie, Elizabeth, papers","title_ssm":["Elizabeth Magie papers"],"title_tesim":["Elizabeth Magie papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1942-1943"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1942-1943"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 531","/repositories/5/resources/544"],"text":["M 531","/repositories/5/resources/544","Elizabeth Magie papers","World War, 1939-1945.","Women's clothing.","The collection is open to research.","Items are arranged chronologically.","Elizabeth Magie was born in Virginia on October 30, 1906. She lived with her family in Winston-Salem, North Carolina and attended Salem Academy and College (now named Salem Academy), a boarding and day school for high school girls. From 1942-1943, Magie attended Richmond Professional Institute (now Virginia Commonwealth University), located in Richmond, Virginia. She studied in the School of Store Services Education created in 1937. It was later renamed the School of Distributive Education. As part of her education, Magie worked at Montaldo's department store located on East Grace Street. She gained experience in sales and in answering customer questions about clothing and the impact the war had on fashion."," Magie died on December 21, 1958, in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. ","  Source:  Students Find War Selling Fascinating,  The Proscript , 15 October 1942.","This collection is comprised of two notebooks and four reports relating to Magie's coursework at Richmond Professional Institute, School of Store Services Education from 1942 to 1943. In addition to her research, the reports often contain sketches, charts, and clippings. Magie's work provides insight into the effect the war had on the fashions of the day. She includes clippings related to the call for reduced consumption of cloth and clothing to avoid rationing, the difficulty women had in finding good stockings, and the issues of creating suitable, safe uniforms for women working in factories.","Includes work for the following courses: Textiles, Store Organization, Consumer Relations, Merchandising, Art in Merchandising, Personnel, Distributive Education, and Seminar.","Includes work for the following courses: Non-Textiles, Store Organization, Advertising and Sales Promotion, Distributive Education, Methods of Teaching in Distributive Education, Department Store Training, and Salesmanship.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Richmond Professional Institute","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["M 531","/repositories/5/resources/544"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Elizabeth Magie papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Elizabeth Magie papers"],"collection_ssim":["Elizabeth Magie papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased by James Branch Cabell Library Special Collections and Archives."],"access_subjects_ssim":["World War, 1939-1945.","Women's clothing."],"access_subjects_ssm":["World War, 1939-1945.","Women's clothing."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".42 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":[".42 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1942,1943],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eItems are arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Items are arranged chronologically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eElizabeth Magie was born in Virginia on October 30, 1906. She lived with her family in Winston-Salem, North Carolina and attended Salem Academy and College (now named Salem Academy), a boarding and day school for high school girls. From 1942-1943, Magie attended Richmond Professional Institute (now Virginia Commonwealth University), located in Richmond, Virginia. She studied in the School of Store Services Education created in 1937. It was later renamed the School of Distributive Education. As part of her education, Magie worked at Montaldo's department store located on East Grace Street. She gained experience in sales and in answering customer questions about clothing and the impact the war had on fashion.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Magie died on December 21, 1958, in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Source: \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eStudents Find War Selling Fascinating,\u003c/title\u003e \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003e The Proscript\u003c/title\u003e, 15 October 1942.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Elizabeth Magie was born in Virginia on October 30, 1906. She lived with her family in Winston-Salem, North Carolina and attended Salem Academy and College (now named Salem Academy), a boarding and day school for high school girls. From 1942-1943, Magie attended Richmond Professional Institute (now Virginia Commonwealth University), located in Richmond, Virginia. She studied in the School of Store Services Education created in 1937. It was later renamed the School of Distributive Education. As part of her education, Magie worked at Montaldo's department store located on East Grace Street. She gained experience in sales and in answering customer questions about clothing and the impact the war had on fashion."," Magie died on December 21, 1958, in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. ","  Source:  Students Find War Selling Fascinating,  The Proscript , 15 October 1942."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eElizabeth Magie papers, Collection # M 531, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Elizabeth Magie papers, Collection # M 531, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is comprised of two notebooks and four reports relating to Magie's coursework at Richmond Professional Institute, School of Store Services Education from 1942 to 1943. In addition to her research, the reports often contain sketches, charts, and clippings. Magie's work provides insight into the effect the war had on the fashions of the day. She includes clippings related to the call for reduced consumption of cloth and clothing to avoid rationing, the difficulty women had in finding good stockings, and the issues of creating suitable, safe uniforms for women working in factories.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes work for the following courses: Textiles, Store Organization, Consumer Relations, Merchandising, Art in Merchandising, Personnel, Distributive Education, and Seminar.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes work for the following courses: Non-Textiles, Store Organization, Advertising and Sales Promotion, Distributive Education, Methods of Teaching in Distributive Education, Department Store Training, and Salesmanship.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection is comprised of two notebooks and four reports relating to Magie's coursework at Richmond Professional Institute, School of Store Services Education from 1942 to 1943. In addition to her research, the reports often contain sketches, charts, and clippings. Magie's work provides insight into the effect the war had on the fashions of the day. She includes clippings related to the call for reduced consumption of cloth and clothing to avoid rationing, the difficulty women had in finding good stockings, and the issues of creating suitable, safe uniforms for women working in factories.","Includes work for the following courses: Textiles, Store Organization, Consumer Relations, Merchandising, Art in Merchandising, Personnel, Distributive Education, and Seminar.","Includes work for the following courses: Non-Textiles, Store Organization, Advertising and Sales Promotion, Distributive Education, Methods of Teaching in Distributive Education, Department Store Training, and Salesmanship."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_coll_ssim":["Richmond Professional Institute"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Richmond Professional Institute"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Richmond Professional Institute"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    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She lived with her family in Winston-Salem, North Carolina and attended Salem Academy and College (now named Salem Academy), a boarding and day school for high school girls. From 1942-1943, Magie attended Richmond Professional Institute (now Virginia Commonwealth University), located in Richmond, Virginia. She studied in the School of Store Services Education created in 1937. It was later renamed the School of Distributive Education. As part of her education, Magie worked at Montaldo's department store located on East Grace Street. She gained experience in sales and in answering customer questions about clothing and the impact the war had on fashion."," Magie died on December 21, 1958, in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. ","  Source:  Students Find War Selling Fascinating,  The Proscript , 15 October 1942.","This collection is comprised of two notebooks and four reports relating to Magie's coursework at Richmond Professional Institute, School of Store Services Education from 1942 to 1943. In addition to her research, the reports often contain sketches, charts, and clippings. Magie's work provides insight into the effect the war had on the fashions of the day. She includes clippings related to the call for reduced consumption of cloth and clothing to avoid rationing, the difficulty women had in finding good stockings, and the issues of creating suitable, safe uniforms for women working in factories.","Includes work for the following courses: Textiles, Store Organization, Consumer Relations, Merchandising, Art in Merchandising, Personnel, Distributive Education, and Seminar.","Includes work for the following courses: Non-Textiles, Store Organization, Advertising and Sales Promotion, Distributive Education, Methods of Teaching in Distributive Education, Department Store Training, and Salesmanship.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Richmond Professional Institute","English \n.    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She lived with her family in Winston-Salem, North Carolina and attended Salem Academy and College (now named Salem Academy), a boarding and day school for high school girls. From 1942-1943, Magie attended Richmond Professional Institute (now Virginia Commonwealth University), located in Richmond, Virginia. She studied in the School of Store Services Education created in 1937. It was later renamed the School of Distributive Education. As part of her education, Magie worked at Montaldo's department store located on East Grace Street. She gained experience in sales and in answering customer questions about clothing and the impact the war had on fashion.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Magie died on December 21, 1958, in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Source: \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eStudents Find War Selling Fascinating,\u003c/title\u003e \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003e The Proscript\u003c/title\u003e, 15 October 1942.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Elizabeth Magie was born in Virginia on October 30, 1906. She lived with her family in Winston-Salem, North Carolina and attended Salem Academy and College (now named Salem Academy), a boarding and day school for high school girls. From 1942-1943, Magie attended Richmond Professional Institute (now Virginia Commonwealth University), located in Richmond, Virginia. She studied in the School of Store Services Education created in 1937. It was later renamed the School of Distributive Education. As part of her education, Magie worked at Montaldo's department store located on East Grace Street. She gained experience in sales and in answering customer questions about clothing and the impact the war had on fashion."," Magie died on December 21, 1958, in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. ","  Source:  Students Find War Selling Fascinating,  The Proscript , 15 October 1942."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eElizabeth Magie papers, Collection # M 531, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Elizabeth Magie papers, Collection # M 531, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is comprised of two notebooks and four reports relating to Magie's coursework at Richmond Professional Institute, School of Store Services Education from 1942 to 1943. In addition to her research, the reports often contain sketches, charts, and clippings. Magie's work provides insight into the effect the war had on the fashions of the day. She includes clippings related to the call for reduced consumption of cloth and clothing to avoid rationing, the difficulty women had in finding good stockings, and the issues of creating suitable, safe uniforms for women working in factories.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes work for the following courses: Textiles, Store Organization, Consumer Relations, Merchandising, Art in Merchandising, Personnel, Distributive Education, and Seminar.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes work for the following courses: Non-Textiles, Store Organization, Advertising and Sales Promotion, Distributive Education, Methods of Teaching in Distributive Education, Department Store Training, and Salesmanship.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection is comprised of two notebooks and four reports relating to Magie's coursework at Richmond Professional Institute, School of Store Services Education from 1942 to 1943. In addition to her research, the reports often contain sketches, charts, and clippings. Magie's work provides insight into the effect the war had on the fashions of the day. She includes clippings related to the call for reduced consumption of cloth and clothing to avoid rationing, the difficulty women had in finding good stockings, and the issues of creating suitable, safe uniforms for women working in factories.","Includes work for the following courses: Textiles, Store Organization, Consumer Relations, Merchandising, Art in Merchandising, Personnel, Distributive Education, and Seminar.","Includes work for the following courses: Non-Textiles, Store Organization, Advertising and Sales Promotion, Distributive Education, Methods of Teaching in Distributive Education, Department Store Training, and Salesmanship."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_coll_ssim":["Richmond Professional Institute"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Richmond Professional Institute"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Richmond Professional Institute"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    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Early in his career, Feis worked as Economic Advisor for International Affairs at the State Department under the Hoover and Roosevelt administrations. His thirteen published books include \"The Road to Pearl Harbor\" (1950), \"Europe, the World's Banker, 1870-1914\" (1964), \"From Trust to Terror: The Onset of the Cold War\" (1970), and the Pulitzer Prize-winning \"Between War and Peace: The Potsdam Conference\" (1960). Since his passing, the American Historical Association has named an award after Feis, the Herbert Feis Prize, which is awarded annually for excellence in public history and independent scholarship. He died in 1972.","Processed by Special Collections and Archives staff. 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The collection contains material from 1877-1895 and 1915-2002.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_epstein#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_epstein","ead_ssi":"vifgm_epstein","_root_":"vifgm_epstein","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_epstein","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/gmu/epstein.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://sca.gmu.edu/finding_aids/epstein.html","title_ssm":["Jerome Epstein papers"],"title_tesim":["Jerome Epstein papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1877-1895, 1915-2002"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1877-1895, 1915-2002"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0262"],"text":["C0262","Jerome Epstein papers","Letters.","Photographs.","Scrapbooks.","World War, 1939-1945.","Correspondence.","Negatives.","Newspapers.","Photographs.","Slides.","There are no access restrictions.","This collection is arranged into four series.","Series 1: World War II Era Items, 1942-1946 (Boxes 1-2)\n Series 2: Photographs, 1914-1998 (Boxes 3-10)\n Series 3: Scrapbooks and Slides, 1940-1954 (Boxes 11-16)\n Series 4: Epstein Family Items, 1877-1895, 1915-2002 (Boxes 17-22)\n","Born August 25, 1925 to Jerome and Rosella Epstein, Jerome Zachariah Epstein, Jr. attended Jefferson Public Schools until being accepted into Miami University in Oxford, Ohio in 1942.\n\nAfter attending Miami University in Oxford for one year, Epstein enlisted in the U.S. Army, August 10, 1943, and went into active service January 3, 1944. He was sent to Italy and served for seven months as a radio operator with the 110th Mountain Signal Company 10th Mountain Division located in the Northern Appennines and the Po Valley. Epstein was honorably discharged April 19, 1946 and was awarded two bronze service stars.\n\nAfter returning to civilian life, Epstein finished a 4-year program at University of Dayton. After college, he would go on to work at Western Iron and Steel, a family business. Jerome Epstein, Jr. died August 14, 2002.\n","Processed by Bill Keeler in October 2017. EAD markup completed by Bill Keeler in October 2017.","Special Collections Research Center holds other collections that document World War II and postwar United States history, including the   and the  .","The collection includes photographs, photography equipment, newspapers, correspondence, scrapbooks, notebooks, audiotapes, 8mm film reels, and military badges. The collection is arranged into four series:\n","Series 1: World War II Era Items (1942-1946) includes photographs, maps, identification papers, travel books, and numerous letters.\n","Series 2: Photographs (1914-1998) includes photographs of Jerome Epstein, Jr., the Epstein family, negatives, photo albums, and photography equipment.\n","Series 3: Scrapbooks and Slides (1940-1954) includes color slides of the Epstein family, vacations, and spring flowers. 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The collection is arranged into four series:\n","Series 1: World War II Era Items (1942-1946) includes photographs, maps, identification papers, travel books, and numerous letters.\n","Series 2: Photographs (1914-1998) includes photographs of Jerome Epstein, Jr., the Epstein family, negatives, photo albums, and photography equipment.\n","Series 3: Scrapbooks and Slides (1940-1954) includes color slides of the Epstein family, vacations, and spring flowers. 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Permission to publish material from the Jerome Epstein papers must be obtained from Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"ref3\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection includes World War II military letters, photography equipment, newspapers, correspondence, scrapbooks, notebooks, audiotapes, 8mm film reels, and military badges. The collection contains material from 1877-1895 and 1915-2002.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection includes World War II military letters, photography equipment, newspapers, correspondence, scrapbooks, notebooks, audiotapes, 8mm film reels, and military badges. The collection contains material from 1877-1895 and 1915-2002."],"names_ssim":["George Mason University.  Libraries.   Special Collections Research Center.","Epstein, Jerome, 1925-2002"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University.  Libraries.   Special Collections Research Center."],"persname_ssim":["Epstein, Jerome, 1925-2002"],"language_ssim":["English\n\t\t"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":106,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T06:50:10.899Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_epstein","ead_ssi":"vifgm_epstein","_root_":"vifgm_epstein","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_epstein","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/gmu/epstein.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://sca.gmu.edu/finding_aids/epstein.html","title_ssm":["Jerome Epstein papers"],"title_tesim":["Jerome Epstein papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1877-1895, 1915-2002"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1877-1895, 1915-2002"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0262"],"text":["C0262","Jerome Epstein papers","Letters.","Photographs.","Scrapbooks.","World War, 1939-1945.","Correspondence.","Negatives.","Newspapers.","Photographs.","Slides.","There are no access restrictions.","This collection is arranged into four series.","Series 1: World War II Era Items, 1942-1946 (Boxes 1-2)\n Series 2: Photographs, 1914-1998 (Boxes 3-10)\n Series 3: Scrapbooks and Slides, 1940-1954 (Boxes 11-16)\n Series 4: Epstein Family Items, 1877-1895, 1915-2002 (Boxes 17-22)\n","Born August 25, 1925 to Jerome and Rosella Epstein, Jerome Zachariah Epstein, Jr. attended Jefferson Public Schools until being accepted into Miami University in Oxford, Ohio in 1942.\n\nAfter attending Miami University in Oxford for one year, Epstein enlisted in the U.S. Army, August 10, 1943, and went into active service January 3, 1944. 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Clark military history collection\" href=\"http://sca.gmu.edu/finding_aids/clark.html\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e and the \u003cextptr type=\"simple\" show=\"new\" title=\"Mary Elsie Fox photograph collection\" href=\"http://sca.gmu.edu/finding_aids/fox.html\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Special Collections Research Center holds other collections that document World War II and postwar United States history, including the   and the  ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes photographs, photography equipment, newspapers, correspondence, scrapbooks, notebooks, audiotapes, 8mm film reels, and military badges. The collection is arranged into four series:\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: World War II Era Items (1942-1946) includes photographs, maps, identification papers, travel books, and numerous letters.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Photographs (1914-1998) includes photographs of Jerome Epstein, Jr., the Epstein family, negatives, photo albums, and photography equipment.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Scrapbooks and Slides (1940-1954) includes color slides of the Epstein family, vacations, and spring flowers. It also includes many scrapbooks which contain post cards, newspaper clippings, and many World War II items.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Epstein Family Items (1877-1895, 1915-2002) includes many items belonging to the Epstein family including financial documents, date books, newspapers clippings, Western Iron and Steel documents, and school documents.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes photographs, maps, identification papers, travel books, and numerous letters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes photographs of Jerome Epstein, Jr., the Epstein family, negatives, photo albums, and photography equipment.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes color slides of the Epstein family, vacations, and spring flowers. It also includes many scrapbooks which contain post cards, newspaper clippings, and many World War II items.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes many items belonging to the Epstein family including financial documents, date books, newspapers clippings, Western Iron and Steel documents, and school documents.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection includes photographs, photography equipment, newspapers, correspondence, scrapbooks, notebooks, audiotapes, 8mm film reels, and military badges. The collection is arranged into four series:\n","Series 1: World War II Era Items (1942-1946) includes photographs, maps, identification papers, travel books, and numerous letters.\n","Series 2: Photographs (1914-1998) includes photographs of Jerome Epstein, Jr., the Epstein family, negatives, photo albums, and photography equipment.\n","Series 3: Scrapbooks and Slides (1940-1954) includes color slides of the Epstein family, vacations, and spring flowers. It also includes many scrapbooks which contain post cards, newspaper clippings, and many World War II items.\n","Series 4: Epstein Family Items (1877-1895, 1915-2002) includes many items belonging to the Epstein family including financial documents, date books, newspapers clippings, Western Iron and Steel documents, and school documents.\n","This series includes photographs, maps, identification papers, travel books, and numerous letters.","","","","","","","","","","","","This series includes photographs of Jerome Epstein, Jr., the Epstein family, negatives, photo albums, and photography equipment.","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","This series includes color slides of the Epstein family, vacations, and spring flowers. It also includes many scrapbooks which contain post cards, newspaper clippings, and many World War II items.","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","Includes many items belonging to the Epstein family including financial documents, date books, newspapers clippings, Western Iron and Steel documents, and school documents.\n","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","","",""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the Jerome Epstein papers must be obtained from Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the Jerome Epstein papers must be obtained from Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"ref3\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection includes World War II military letters, photography equipment, newspapers, correspondence, scrapbooks, notebooks, audiotapes, 8mm film reels, and military badges. The collection contains material from 1877-1895 and 1915-2002.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection includes World War II military letters, photography equipment, newspapers, correspondence, scrapbooks, notebooks, audiotapes, 8mm film reels, and military badges. The collection contains material from 1877-1895 and 1915-2002."],"names_ssim":["George Mason University.  Libraries.   Special Collections Research Center.","Epstein, Jerome, 1925-2002"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University.  Libraries.   Special Collections Research Center."],"persname_ssim":["Epstein, Jerome, 1925-2002"],"language_ssim":["English\n\t\t"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":106,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T06:50:10.899Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_epstein"}},{"id":"vifgm_hawker","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"John Patrick Hawker papers","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_hawker#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Hawker, John Patrick","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_hawker#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Substantial document archive of significant intelligence content, written and compiled by John Patrick Hawker, British SOE (Special Operations Executive), pertaining to British intelligence, cryptography and clandestine radio in the Second World War.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_hawker#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_hawker","ead_ssi":"vifgm_hawker","_root_":"vifgm_hawker","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_hawker","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/gmu/hawker.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://sca.gmu.edu/finding_aids/hawker.html","title_ssm":["John Patrick Hawker papers"],"title_tesim":["John Patrick Hawker papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1942-2009"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1942-2009"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0275"],"text":["C0275","John Patrick Hawker papers","Military intelligence--Germany.","Military intelligence--Great Britain.","World War, 1939-1945.","There are no access restrictions.","Organized by subject and date.","John Patrick Hawker MBE (1922-2013), G3VA, popularly known as Pat Hawker, was a professional and amateur radio engineer, who during the Second World War was actively engaged in British Intelligence services, and Is associated with the Bletchley Park code-breaking center, working with clandestine radio to support resistance units. Hawker was involved in many aspects of radio, beginning in World War II as a member of the Radio Security Service (RSS) and its connections to British Security Service Military Intelligence Ml5 and the Secret Intelligence Service Ml6. In 1941 at the young age of 19 he started at Bletchley Park as an intercept operator. The bay he worked in contained two HRO receivers, each operator being given a specific list of signals to listen for. In April 1943 he was transferred to Section VIII unit, and served at Weald Station as a two-way radio operator, under Morse code expert Captain Robert Henry \"Harry\" Tricker. In 1944 Pat joined unit SCU9 and was sent Into war zones where covert communications were required . After the D-Day Allied invasion of Europe in June, with the small mobile unit headed to Normandy under the direction of Tricker who was now a Major, Pat went to Normandy, where he remained until August. He subsequently travelled to Paris, Brussels, Eindhoven, etc. and into Germany, with the same British intelligence services unit, mainly to report German troop movements and to connect 21st Army Group with Secret Intelligence Service field agents and SUSSEX intelligence teams.","At the end of October 1944 he was assigned as a personal operator for an Intelligence officer heading for Nijmegen (Nimeguen) in the Netherlands, and was provided with a double transposition poem cipher (LMT cipher) , which was unprecedented in the Ml6 as radio operating and ciphering were usually separate. [Double transposition was generall y regarded as the most complicated cipher that an agent could operate reliably under difficult field conditions]. At Nijmegen he became involved with the IS9 which was another 'private army' and which organized escape and evasion of Allied troops and breakaways. For a brief time in 1945 he worked with Holland's Bureau of National Security. At the Abbe Museum in Eindhoven, which served as British Intelligence headquarters, he worked for the remainder of the war as chief operator in a Dutch network for cipher de-coding, he being the only English speaking person there. At war's end in Europe, Pat rejoined SCU9 in the British Zone of Germany, sending six months in Rhineland and gaining much insight into the complexities of the utmost secret intelligence operations. After the war Hawker was regarded as an authority on clandestine radio. He became a key figure in British radio and television, and was Vice President of the Radio Society of Great Britain (RSGB) . The Bletchley Park 'Summary of Service' lists John Patrick Hawker with the British Army Royal Signals, working at Hanslope Park and Whaddon Hall in the years 1941-1946, the centers for disseminating Bletchley Park's intelligence reports, situated near Bletchley.","Collection is unprocessed. Description of collection abstracted from vendor catalog. EAD markup completed by Jordan Patty in August 2015.","Special Collections and Archives also holds an extensive collection of rare books on military intelligence.","Substantial document archive of significant intelligence content, written and compiled by John Patrick Hawker, British SOE (Special Operations Executive), pertaining to British intelligence, cryptography and clandestine radio in the Second World War. A veritable cornucopia of information in the form of Hawker's personal notes, mainly in manuscript and including a wartime diary kept by him while at Bletchley. Includes later research, interviews, articles, a few letters, and such starting about the time that Bletchley Park's secret operations were made known to the public in the 1970s. The lot concentrating on World War II military intelligence, the devices which served to decipher and transmit confidential data, the organizations and notable individuals dutifully engaged in clandestine communication operations. Together with his biography, written by Steve White in 2008, titled \"A Bit of Controversy: Pat Hawker- A Radio Life.\"","The manuscript journal was penned from 6 March to 19 June 1944, while at SIS Tattenhoe Camp in Far Bletchley, part of the Bletchley Park network, (a Secret Army Camp at the junction of Whaddon Way and Buckingham Road). Pat Hawker, then 22 years of age, inquisitive, ambitious, and exceptionally proficient in radio communications, describes his wartime experience with the covert establishments of British Intelligence divisions, mainly interaction with Bletchley colleagues, descriptions of the NAAFI, recreational excursions, entertainment, as well as his thoughts on the war as it unfolds. With only cryptic references such as \"Hut E\" of which he names his colleagues, remembering his time at 'H' [Hanslope Park], and working 'night shifts', he is mindful not to record specifics about his training, duties, or achievements, nor anything of the clandestine operations, though some commentary reveals the temptation to do. At the end of the volume a single page consists of a calendar of field assignments made with SCU9 unit to connect the Army with British intelligence agents during the final stages of the war. He travelled from London to Leigh-on-Sea, then Saint-Gabriei-Brécy and Paris, to Brussels then Eindhoven and Helmond in Holland, circling to and fro between these places and others, penetrating Germany in the North Rhine-Westphalia district and arriving at Süchteln approximately the 21st of May 1944, subsequently making his way to Bad Salzuflen, Bad Godesberg [the first major German city to be transferred to Allied forces control without a battle], and the district of Uedorf in the city of Bornheim (near Bonn). Together with a small photograph of 8 men in military uniform, loosely placed inside the volume. 118 pages.","Excerpts from Hawker's wartime diary:","March 6th 1944 - Tattenhoe. \"... the next few weeks will see for me and for millions like me - the ending of an era. The shadow has been cast - only the events themselves remain as yet unrevealed...\"\"l am a Lance Corporal in the Royal Corps of Signals engaged on wireless duties ... I, and some of my friends, will most probably be in on the 'Second Front' ... A party of twenty... My guess would be for April 5th. On that date I shall be twenty-two ... To be quite frank I do not particularly want this type of adventure... The Jack of civilized amenities... We may see things in other lands that will make us wonder how we ever tolerated life in dull Bletchley Bucks.\" \"... Tattenhoe Camp. I am writing this in my cubicle E7 ...this chronicle is not only a diary of events but of thoughts and ideas I do not feel bound to keep to the confines of time.\" \"Bletchley is a town of one street... leading up to the Park - that is at the Eight Bells - it wanders on under the railway bridge - past the Chi/tern Library past the dingy snack cafe, the many poor little shops to the Garden Cafe and the Studio Cinema and then meanders into Fenny Stratford... it is peopled by the strange mixture that work at the Park. The wrens, waafs and ats and most superior civil servants and dashing naval officers and slovenly army officers and occasional Americans... Unlike the other small towns in Bucks it cannot retain its own features. It seems to have been swamped by the invading army... All the local inhabitants have a timid frightened look in their eye as though wondering by what grace of God or Mr Griffin the Billeting Officer they are still allowed to retain part of their homes...\"","15 March 1944. \"Russian Events\" \"In Russia an important offensive on the whole of the Southern Front appears to be under way with an immediate objective in the port \u0026 base of Nikolaev [Mykolaiv] 20 miles from advancing Russians... With the crossing of this river, Odessa would be directly threatened and a general invasion of Bessarabia possible. Peace convoys from Russia are rumoured to be active in Istanbul following the Finnish-Soviet talks... apparently made little headway... further advance by the Red Army will almost certainly bring about peace talks...\"","22 March 1944. \"World at War [Htl..] has occupied the territory of his ally - Hungary... The seizure has been in Grand style. Regent Horthy the fleetless Admiral was summoned to meet [Htl..] and detained. Troops poured into Budapest at dawn... Spasmodic raids on London continue... In America, pre-Presidential elections activities are already clouding the picture...\"","[Here a list of personnel in 'Hut E' interjects the chronicle of daily events.]","25 March 1944. \"News from H [Hanslope Park].\" \"... the greatest surprise of the week... Bill Bernard... informed us that he had come to stay and gave us remarkable news of the old unit. This is no place for any discussion of the position there but many of my closest friends in that unit have suddenly been moved due to their 'suppressive' activities. Also caught in the storm were a number of the officers blamed for having allowed discontent to arise. For a long time my friends have been pressing for improved conditions in that camp...\"","31 March 1944. \"The Russian advance continues. Nikolaev has fallen and the Red Army is racing towards Odessa... are within a few miles of Hungary \u0026 Czechoslovakia. The German retreat is becoming disordered and reports of disintegration are... [On March 28, 1944 the city was liberated from German control, in part because of Soviet Senior Lieutenant Konstantin F. Olshansky's paratroopers and their daring raid, during which the majority of his troops were killed]\" .... 'The Air Ministry has announced that we have a new fighter. The make and its name are 'official secrets'. But several weeks ago an American magazine article stated that the new Hawker 'Tempest' was being used by the RAF!\"","3 April 1944. \"Cycled to Newport Pagnell... Met several of the old crowd Wilt Allen, Dick Draper, Alf Taylor. Heard of several new moves, Jim Roghly to N.W. area, Fred Graham, Wilt Elmore to B ...it is now a place of haunting memories of people whom I have known but now seldom see. The old original fellows who went to H in 1941 - Des Downing, Matt Smith, Les Gorley, Stan Thomas, Peter Camello, Bill Windle, Bill Robertson, Bill Hutchford, Smudger Smith, Gilbert Moss, and many others. What talk did that dimly lit room hear... We were bound together by necessity. The only place in the neighbourhood where food was to be bought. In the days before WVS Canteens [Women's Voluntary Service] ...\"","21 April 1944. 'The period covered by these notes has already been far greater than I had originally anticipated. How much longer before the balloon goes up? I believe that early May will witness the opening of the offensive... the Government withdrew all diplomatic privileges from its representatives of foreign powers - excluding only Russia \u0026 the U.S.A... No couriers can enter or leave the country, no coded telegrams... Heavy raids continue... Details of the Navy's use of 'human torpedoes' as long ago as Jan 1943 have just been released... yet another suicide job. Their only hope lies in being taken prisoner, as occurred in the Palmero raid... workers are feeling the strain of 4 1/2 years of ever increasing work and many are ready to strike... Leave in the Army is still suspended.","5 May 1944. 'Tonight at the NAAFI 'X' and I learned that E's posting has come through. She is leaving Wednesday. I am not at all sure that these notes are the right place to discuss the 'E' affairs...\"","13 May 1944. \"... cycle ride to Aylesbury... the opening of 'Salute the Soldier Week'... strange influence of visitors... Glider Pilot Regiment, Crippled Dutch Sailor, Yanks, Polish Air Cadets, woofs from the West Indies, Pilots form Australia, New Zealand and Ceylon, Nursing Auxiliaries, and the Services from all over England Scotland \u0026 Wales - all rubbing shoulders with the good people of Bucks...\"","8 June 1944. 'The long drawn out overture has ended. The curtain has gone up. Two days ago, June 6th... Allied command had issued a statement that a new bombing phase had begun... warning the people of occupied Europe... German naval forces were in contact with Allied landing craft. So came D Day... At 9.30 came the official communqiue No. 1 from SHEAEF and statement from Eisenhower... the first reaction was of relief that at last the period of waiting was over. How that period affected us, has, I hope, been shown in these notes... I set out to record pre-invasion England. That England no longer exists... So it is with all major changes in the world... the beginning of a chain of events that slowly encompass us all... Everyone of them whether they cross the channel or stay here in Bletchley.\"","3 June 1944. 'The preparations as they affect our unit are as complete now as they are ever likely to be. We live then on short notice. /left Bletchley on the 8-1 5 train May 22 \u0026 returned by the 5-45 pm on May 24th. I had been home... for a few hours one leads a private life... For those hours one becomes Mr. So and So - Private Citizens. Back in Bletchley I entered an altered existence. For the first time for two \u0026 a half years I stopped working on shifts and became a 9 till 5 worker. An immediate result being my time for odd jobs such as writing journals seemed to disappear.\"","19 June 1944. \"A few hundred miles to the south fierce fighting... The Americans have succeeded in reaching the West Coast of the Cherbourg peninsula... all reports indicate that - at least in Normandy - the behaviour of the German troops has been 'correct'... they have been accepted by the younger section of the population... the Germans have been sending pilot-less aircraft against London... too early to say how effective this new weapon s likely to be... the layman us inclined to the view that they must be very expensive in man-hours for construction and therefore the attack may dwindle... technical detailed are awaited with keen interest. 01","Epilogue, written at Minehead, Somerset, 2 July 1944: We left Bletchley 23rd June. We heard of our departure on the 19th - just after writing general notes of the previous pages... most of us went off feeling as though we were going to war - and a few hours later were settling in comfort at St. A Here there is a short memory of events after the last recordings... How am I to round off this diary? I feel that it must stand or fall on what has already been written. It is an account of someone in search of entertainment \u0026 a little enlightenment in a country that has been at war for too long. Frankly I have enjoyed these months despite their artificiality. And yet at the same time I have hated them. The war has always been in the background nagging at us... We had a job to do and we did it as well as we were able until the middle of May. We were asked to join a unit that offered little but discomfort... I hate discomfort. I am afraid of danger. I think war is unnecessary and the greatest of man's inhumanity towards man. But I want to see things f or myself. I can only hope that I will always believe in intellect rather than instrument and force.","Five volumes containing a profusion of succinct manuscript short notes penned by Hawker years after the war, dealing with all aspects of intelligence operatives executed not only by the British but others, such as Das Englandspiel (\"The England Game\"), also called Unternehmen Nordpol (Operation North Pole), launched by the German intelligence agency 'Abwehr.' Over and above his \"tech notes\" and pivotal events in the history of Morse code and ciphering, we find the names and roles of numerous intelligence personnel and colleagues, some by this time deceased, including some important figures from Bletchley Park such as Alan Turing (cryptologist, designer of the bomber, 'father of artificial intelligence'), V-2 rocket expert Reginald Victor Jones, and head of SIS (MI6) Sir Richard Gambier-Parry. Also named are Dutch SOE intelligence agents, notable BBC and Radio Londres announcers with pseudonyms and true identities, French Secret Intelligence officers, key Army and Navy leaders relating to clandestine communications, etc. The abundant volumes of data culminate into what appears to be an unpublished work by Hawker titled, \"War in The (A) Ether. Europe 1939-45: Radio Countermeasures in Bomber Command. An Historical Note.\"","\"A Bit of Controversy: Pat Hawker- A Radio Life.\" by Steve White on John Patrick Hawker and a seven page article on Hawker from an unknown source.","\"Not To Be Published - Reception Sets R.107. General Description and Working Instructions.\" A classified manual issued by British military circa 1942, with 40 pages of text, 10 fold-out plates to illustrate circuit diagrams, components, etc.","Bletchley Park News Bulletin, Issue No. 25, March 2002, which highlights an internal breach which resulted in the theft, and subsequent return, of a rare Abwehr Enigma machine. Together with other printed reports on the same incident, and a letter dated 1987 introducing Pat Hawker to a book titled, 'The Unknown War: North China 1937-1945\" by Beijing university professor Michael Lindsay, being his heroic account of constructing a transmitter sufficient to communicate with San Francisco the state of affairs in Communist China, especially with the Yenan Regime. The lot housed in a postmarked envelope addressed to Hawker.","Further miscellaneous papers including a chart of events, correspondence, book reviews, a map of the Milton Keynes area showing Weald Station, and several notes on British and German intelligence, the lot of a similar nature to the above groupings of data.","An unpublished work titled \"Broadband Communications Link: An Introductory Survey\" by Hawker. 52 pages.","\"Cryptography Colossus\" in two folders containing numerous articles such as 'Cracking the Ciphers,' 'The Colossus of Bletchley Park,' 'Electronic Cryptography', 'Breaking the Enemy's Code,' 'Enigma,' 'The M209 cipher machine,' 'Privacy and Authentication: An Introduction To Cryptography,' 'Colossus: godfather of the computer,\" 'The Early Models of the Siemens and Halske T52 Cipher Machine,\" and others.","Typed synopsis by Hawker titled \"Clandestine Radio Links of the Second World War (Western Europe)\" 6 pages, accompanied by several pages of related manuscript notes, subjects such as Abwehr Afu equipment, intercept stations for Enigma, certain Bletchley Park personneL and more, contained in an envelope sent from Robert \"Bob\" Hawes of Tottenham in London - WWII pacifist and objector, author of several books on vintage wireless.","A second envelope contains yet more related notes, expounding further on German radio security (Funkabwehr), as well as French Special Services, Yugoslavia SOE. and the Enigma machine. Assortment of manuscript jottings which appear to contain details deciphered by intelligence, dated and occasionally cryptic, for example, \"Intelligence from TR - Col. Barils 2nd B ... setting up of largest Abwehr network in North Africa ... \" Notes on the capture of British radio operators, the fate of other colleagues, and notable events from 1940-1942, also some wireless radio specs.","Annotated typed drafts of articles written by Hawker headed \"Radio Amateurs and World War II\" and \"Clandestine Radio in World War II\" together with manuscript notes mainly dealing with Polish intelligence.","Newspaper clippings, a list of headlines in 'The Times' in 1944, manuscript lecture notes, excerpts from published works, information obtained from three visits to the Imperial War Museum Reference Library, a photocopy of a 1950 issue of the 'Mercury' journal of the Royal Signals Amateur Radio Society, the March 1983 issue of \"Amateur Radio\" Magazine featuring a 12 page article by Hawker titled ''The Secrets of Wartime Radio.\"","Manuscript transcripts of 1980s BBC documentary films \"The Hunger Winter\" which describes the Dutch famine of 1944, \"All the King's Men\" revealing the SOE's Greatest Wartime Disaster, and Part II of 'The Profession of Intelligence\" by historian Dr. Christopher Andrew.","A group of seven copies of his lectures and illustrated publications headed 'Clandestine Radio', most being the same or similar in content, as well as two other articles in the same format.","A grouping of four letters being correspondence between Hawker and V-2 rocket expert R. V . Jones pertaining to the Germans using the Eiffel Tower to send television transmissions during the war. These include three signed letters from Jones, a copy of Hawker's signed manuscript reply letter. Excerpt from Hawker's letter: \": Yes, I can confirm at third hand that there were 44 1-line television transmissions on about 45MHz from the Eiffel Tower from January 1943 until August 16, 1944 intended for German forces in hospitals and soldiers' clubs etc, and that these transmissions were monitored at Beachy Head.\" There is also an additional letter, perhaps by Hawker, on the subject of A.D. Blumlein.","","Two folders devoted mainly to correspondence with Geoffrey Pigeon, containing several signed letters and just as many SCU newsletters which accompanied them. In 1942 Pigeon worked for Ml6 (Section VIII), was enlisted with the Royal Corps of Signals at Whaddon HaiL and later authored ''The Secret Wireless War\" for which he is famed.","Further war related notes, hand trimmed and pasted into 3 small cardstock booklets, autobiographical and instructional in nature (for field radio agents}, also containing names of colleagues and types of radio equipment.","Two folders featuring Hawker's personal wartime accounts Including an autobiographical sketch which includes his important service with SCU9, a description of his arrival in Paris , an insider's perspective of the Ml6 and MI5, further filled with manuscript notes on Russian Clandestine Radio, a calendar of events relating to Czechoslovakia from 1939 to 1942, exposes on sabotages and secret Allied-German collaboration, resistance in Holland, and a timeline history of the Government Code and Cipher School (GC\u0026CS}.","A substantial collection of copied printed material on the German two-way radio system, replete with diagrams and illustration, featuring a German manual for equipment used by their military intelligence division, titled \"Funkgerate des Militarischen Nachrichtendienstes \" and an account on short waves titled \"Die Funkpeilung der Kurzen Wellen.\" Also with information in German dealing with the R-350 and R-350M Russian spy radio sets developed in the former USS R in the mid 1950s, this lot of papers facilitates a technical study of various instruments such as suitcase radios. their mechanical design, specific components, application and efficiency. Together with a letter from a friend enquiring about Eastern Bloc B2 spyset radios.","There are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the John Patrick Hawker papers must be obtained from Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries.","Substantial document archive of significant intelligence content, written and compiled by John Patrick Hawker, British SOE (Special Operations Executive), pertaining to British intelligence, cryptography and clandestine radio in the Second World War.","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Hawker, John Patrick","English\n\t"],"unitid_tesim":["C0275"],"normalized_title_ssm":["John Patrick Hawker papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["John Patrick Hawker papers"],"collection_ssim":["John Patrick Hawker papers"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["Hawker, John Patrick"],"creator_ssim":["Hawker, John Patrick"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Hawker, John Patrick"],"creators_ssim":["Hawker, John Patrick"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the John Patrick Hawker papers must be obtained from Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased from Voyager Press Rare Books and Manuscripts in July 2015."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Military intelligence--Germany.","Military intelligence--Great Britain.","World War, 1939-1945."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Military intelligence--Germany.","Military intelligence--Great Britain.","World War, 1939-1945."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.75 linear feet (3 boxes)"],"extent_tesim":["1.75 linear feet (3 boxes)"],"date_range_isim":[1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOrganized by subject and date.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Organized by subject and date."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn Patrick Hawker MBE (1922-2013), G3VA, popularly known as Pat Hawker, was a professional and amateur radio engineer, who during the Second World War was actively engaged in British Intelligence services, and Is associated with the Bletchley Park code-breaking center, working with clandestine radio to support resistance units. Hawker was involved in many aspects of radio, beginning in World War II as a member of the Radio Security Service (RSS) and its connections to British Security Service Military Intelligence Ml5 and the Secret Intelligence Service Ml6. In 1941 at the young age of 19 he started at Bletchley Park as an intercept operator. The bay he worked in contained two HRO receivers, each operator being given a specific list of signals to listen for. In April 1943 he was transferred to Section VIII unit, and served at Weald Station as a two-way radio operator, under Morse code expert Captain Robert Henry \"Harry\" Tricker. In 1944 Pat joined unit SCU9 and was sent Into war zones where covert communications were required . After the D-Day Allied invasion of Europe in June, with the small mobile unit headed to Normandy under the direction of Tricker who was now a Major, Pat went to Normandy, where he remained until August. He subsequently travelled to Paris, Brussels, Eindhoven, etc. and into Germany, with the same British intelligence services unit, mainly to report German troop movements and to connect 21st Army Group with Secret Intelligence Service field agents and SUSSEX intelligence teams.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAt the end of October 1944 he was assigned as a personal operator for an Intelligence officer heading for Nijmegen (Nimeguen) in the Netherlands, and was provided with a double transposition poem cipher (LMT cipher) , which was unprecedented in the Ml6 as radio operating and ciphering were usually separate. [Double transposition was generall y regarded as the most complicated cipher that an agent could operate reliably under difficult field conditions]. At Nijmegen he became involved with the IS9 which was another 'private army' and which organized escape and evasion of Allied troops and breakaways. For a brief time in 1945 he worked with Holland's Bureau of National Security. At the Abbe Museum in Eindhoven, which served as British Intelligence headquarters, he worked for the remainder of the war as chief operator in a Dutch network for cipher de-coding, he being the only English speaking person there. At war's end in Europe, Pat rejoined SCU9 in the British Zone of Germany, sending six months in Rhineland and gaining much insight into the complexities of the utmost secret intelligence operations. After the war Hawker was regarded as an authority on clandestine radio. He became a key figure in British radio and television, and was Vice President of the Radio Society of Great Britain (RSGB) . The Bletchley Park 'Summary of Service' lists John Patrick Hawker with the British Army Royal Signals, working at Hanslope Park and Whaddon Hall in the years 1941-1946, the centers for disseminating Bletchley Park's intelligence reports, situated near Bletchley.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["John Patrick Hawker MBE (1922-2013), G3VA, popularly known as Pat Hawker, was a professional and amateur radio engineer, who during the Second World War was actively engaged in British Intelligence services, and Is associated with the Bletchley Park code-breaking center, working with clandestine radio to support resistance units. Hawker was involved in many aspects of radio, beginning in World War II as a member of the Radio Security Service (RSS) and its connections to British Security Service Military Intelligence Ml5 and the Secret Intelligence Service Ml6. In 1941 at the young age of 19 he started at Bletchley Park as an intercept operator. The bay he worked in contained two HRO receivers, each operator being given a specific list of signals to listen for. In April 1943 he was transferred to Section VIII unit, and served at Weald Station as a two-way radio operator, under Morse code expert Captain Robert Henry \"Harry\" Tricker. In 1944 Pat joined unit SCU9 and was sent Into war zones where covert communications were required . After the D-Day Allied invasion of Europe in June, with the small mobile unit headed to Normandy under the direction of Tricker who was now a Major, Pat went to Normandy, where he remained until August. He subsequently travelled to Paris, Brussels, Eindhoven, etc. and into Germany, with the same British intelligence services unit, mainly to report German troop movements and to connect 21st Army Group with Secret Intelligence Service field agents and SUSSEX intelligence teams.","At the end of October 1944 he was assigned as a personal operator for an Intelligence officer heading for Nijmegen (Nimeguen) in the Netherlands, and was provided with a double transposition poem cipher (LMT cipher) , which was unprecedented in the Ml6 as radio operating and ciphering were usually separate. [Double transposition was generall y regarded as the most complicated cipher that an agent could operate reliably under difficult field conditions]. At Nijmegen he became involved with the IS9 which was another 'private army' and which organized escape and evasion of Allied troops and breakaways. For a brief time in 1945 he worked with Holland's Bureau of National Security. At the Abbe Museum in Eindhoven, which served as British Intelligence headquarters, he worked for the remainder of the war as chief operator in a Dutch network for cipher de-coding, he being the only English speaking person there. At war's end in Europe, Pat rejoined SCU9 in the British Zone of Germany, sending six months in Rhineland and gaining much insight into the complexities of the utmost secret intelligence operations. After the war Hawker was regarded as an authority on clandestine radio. He became a key figure in British radio and television, and was Vice President of the Radio Society of Great Britain (RSGB) . The Bletchley Park 'Summary of Service' lists John Patrick Hawker with the British Army Royal Signals, working at Hanslope Park and Whaddon Hall in the years 1941-1946, the centers for disseminating Bletchley Park's intelligence reports, situated near Bletchley."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn Patrick Hawker papers, C0275, Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["John Patrick Hawker papers, C0275, Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is unprocessed. Description of collection abstracted from vendor catalog. EAD markup completed by Jordan Patty in August 2015.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Collection is unprocessed. Description of collection abstracted from vendor catalog. EAD markup completed by Jordan Patty in August 2015."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections and Archives also holds an extensive collection of rare books on military intelligence.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Special Collections and Archives also holds an extensive collection of rare books on military intelligence."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSubstantial document archive of significant intelligence content, written and compiled by John Patrick Hawker, British SOE (Special Operations Executive), pertaining to British intelligence, cryptography and clandestine radio in the Second World War. A veritable cornucopia of information in the form of Hawker's personal notes, mainly in manuscript and including a wartime diary kept by him while at Bletchley. Includes later research, interviews, articles, a few letters, and such starting about the time that Bletchley Park's secret operations were made known to the public in the 1970s. The lot concentrating on World War II military intelligence, the devices which served to decipher and transmit confidential data, the organizations and notable individuals dutifully engaged in clandestine communication operations. Together with his biography, written by Steve White in 2008, titled \"A Bit of Controversy: Pat Hawker- A Radio Life.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe manuscript journal was penned from 6 March to 19 June 1944, while at SIS Tattenhoe Camp in Far Bletchley, part of the Bletchley Park network, (a Secret Army Camp at the junction of Whaddon Way and Buckingham Road). Pat Hawker, then 22 years of age, inquisitive, ambitious, and exceptionally proficient in radio communications, describes his wartime experience with the covert establishments of British Intelligence divisions, mainly interaction with Bletchley colleagues, descriptions of the NAAFI, recreational excursions, entertainment, as well as his thoughts on the war as it unfolds. With only cryptic references such as \"Hut E\" of which he names his colleagues, remembering his time at 'H' [Hanslope Park], and working 'night shifts', he is mindful not to record specifics about his training, duties, or achievements, nor anything of the clandestine operations, though some commentary reveals the temptation to do. At the end of the volume a single page consists of a calendar of field assignments made with SCU9 unit to connect the Army with British intelligence agents during the final stages of the war. He travelled from London to Leigh-on-Sea, then Saint-Gabriei-Brécy and Paris, to Brussels then Eindhoven and Helmond in Holland, circling to and fro between these places and others, penetrating Germany in the North Rhine-Westphalia district and arriving at Süchteln approximately the 21st of May 1944, subsequently making his way to Bad Salzuflen, Bad Godesberg [the first major German city to be transferred to Allied forces control without a battle], and the district of Uedorf in the city of Bornheim (near Bonn). Together with a small photograph of 8 men in military uniform, loosely placed inside the volume. 118 pages.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExcerpts from Hawker's wartime diary:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 6th 1944 - Tattenhoe. \"... the next few weeks will see for me and for millions like me - the ending of an era. The shadow has been cast - only the events themselves remain as yet unrevealed...\"\"l am a Lance Corporal in the Royal Corps of Signals engaged on wireless duties ... I, and some of my friends, will most probably be in on the 'Second Front' ... A party of twenty... My guess would be for April 5th. On that date I shall be twenty-two ... To be quite frank I do not particularly want this type of adventure... The Jack of civilized amenities... We may see things in other lands that will make us wonder how we ever tolerated life in dull Bletchley Bucks.\" \"... Tattenhoe Camp. I am writing this in my cubicle E7 ...this chronicle is not only a diary of events but of thoughts and ideas I do not feel bound to keep to the confines of time.\" \"Bletchley is a town of one street... leading up to the Park - that is at the Eight Bells - it wanders on under the railway bridge - past the Chi/tern Library past the dingy snack cafe, the many poor little shops to the Garden Cafe and the Studio Cinema and then meanders into Fenny Stratford... it is peopled by the strange mixture that work at the Park. The wrens, waafs and ats and most superior civil servants and dashing naval officers and slovenly army officers and occasional Americans... Unlike the other small towns in Bucks it cannot retain its own features. It seems to have been swamped by the invading army... All the local inhabitants have a timid frightened look in their eye as though wondering by what grace of God or Mr Griffin the Billeting Officer they are still allowed to retain part of their homes...\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e15 March 1944. \"Russian Events\" \"In Russia an important offensive on the whole of the Southern Front appears to be under way with an immediate objective in the port \u0026amp; base of Nikolaev [Mykolaiv] 20 miles from advancing Russians... With the crossing of this river, Odessa would be directly threatened and a general invasion of Bessarabia possible. Peace convoys from Russia are rumoured to be active in Istanbul following the Finnish-Soviet talks... apparently made little headway... further advance by the Red Army will almost certainly bring about peace talks...\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e22 March 1944. \"World at War [Htl..] has occupied the territory of his ally - Hungary... The seizure has been in Grand style. Regent Horthy the fleetless Admiral was summoned to meet [Htl..] and detained. Troops poured into Budapest at dawn... Spasmodic raids on London continue... In America, pre-Presidential elections activities are already clouding the picture...\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Here a list of personnel in 'Hut E' interjects the chronicle of daily events.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e25 March 1944. \"News from H [Hanslope Park].\" \"... the greatest surprise of the week... Bill Bernard... informed us that he had come to stay and gave us remarkable news of the old unit. This is no place for any discussion of the position there but many of my closest friends in that unit have suddenly been moved due to their 'suppressive' activities. Also caught in the storm were a number of the officers blamed for having allowed discontent to arise. For a long time my friends have been pressing for improved conditions in that camp...\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e31 March 1944. \"The Russian advance continues. Nikolaev has fallen and the Red Army is racing towards Odessa... are within a few miles of Hungary \u0026amp; Czechoslovakia. The German retreat is becoming disordered and reports of disintegration are... [On March 28, 1944 the city was liberated from German control, in part because of Soviet Senior Lieutenant Konstantin F. Olshansky's paratroopers and their daring raid, during which the majority of his troops were killed]\" .... 'The Air Ministry has announced that we have a new fighter. The make and its name are 'official secrets'. But several weeks ago an American magazine article stated that the new Hawker 'Tempest' was being used by the RAF!\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3 April 1944. \"Cycled to Newport Pagnell... Met several of the old crowd Wilt Allen, Dick Draper, Alf Taylor. Heard of several new moves, Jim Roghly to N.W. area, Fred Graham, Wilt Elmore to B ...it is now a place of haunting memories of people whom I have known but now seldom see. The old original fellows who went to H in 1941 - Des Downing, Matt Smith, Les Gorley, Stan Thomas, Peter Camello, Bill Windle, Bill Robertson, Bill Hutchford, Smudger Smith, Gilbert Moss, and many others. What talk did that dimly lit room hear... We were bound together by necessity. The only place in the neighbourhood where food was to be bought. In the days before WVS Canteens [Women's Voluntary Service] ...\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e21 April 1944. 'The period covered by these notes has already been far greater than I had originally anticipated. How much longer before the balloon goes up? I believe that early May will witness the opening of the offensive... the Government withdrew all diplomatic privileges from its representatives of foreign powers - excluding only Russia \u0026amp; the U.S.A... No couriers can enter or leave the country, no coded telegrams... Heavy raids continue... Details of the Navy's use of 'human torpedoes' as long ago as Jan 1943 have just been released... yet another suicide job. Their only hope lies in being taken prisoner, as occurred in the Palmero raid... workers are feeling the strain of 4 1/2 years of ever increasing work and many are ready to strike... Leave in the Army is still suspended.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5 May 1944. 'Tonight at the NAAFI 'X' and I learned that E's posting has come through. She is leaving Wednesday. I am not at all sure that these notes are the right place to discuss the 'E' affairs...\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e13 May 1944. \"... cycle ride to Aylesbury... the opening of 'Salute the Soldier Week'... strange influence of visitors... Glider Pilot Regiment, Crippled Dutch Sailor, Yanks, Polish Air Cadets, woofs from the West Indies, Pilots form Australia, New Zealand and Ceylon, Nursing Auxiliaries, and the Services from all over England Scotland \u0026amp; Wales - all rubbing shoulders with the good people of Bucks...\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e8 June 1944. 'The long drawn out overture has ended. The curtain has gone up. Two days ago, June 6th... Allied command had issued a statement that a new bombing phase had begun... warning the people of occupied Europe... German naval forces were in contact with Allied landing craft. So came D Day... At 9.30 came the official communqiue No. 1 from SHEAEF and statement from Eisenhower... the first reaction was of relief that at last the period of waiting was over. How that period affected us, has, I hope, been shown in these notes... I set out to record pre-invasion England. That England no longer exists... So it is with all major changes in the world... the beginning of a chain of events that slowly encompass us all... Everyone of them whether they cross the channel or stay here in Bletchley.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3 June 1944. 'The preparations as they affect our unit are as complete now as they are ever likely to be. We live then on short notice. /left Bletchley on the 8-1 5 train May 22 \u0026amp; returned by the 5-45 pm on May 24th. I had been home... for a few hours one leads a private life... For those hours one becomes Mr. So and So - Private Citizens. Back in Bletchley I entered an altered existence. For the first time for two \u0026amp; a half years I stopped working on shifts and became a 9 till 5 worker. An immediate result being my time for odd jobs such as writing journals seemed to disappear.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e19 June 1944. \"A few hundred miles to the south fierce fighting... The Americans have succeeded in reaching the West Coast of the Cherbourg peninsula... all reports indicate that - at least in Normandy - the behaviour of the German troops has been 'correct'... they have been accepted by the younger section of the population... the Germans have been sending pilot-less aircraft against London... too early to say how effective this new weapon s likely to be... the layman us inclined to the view that they must be very expensive in man-hours for construction and therefore the attack may dwindle... technical detailed are awaited with keen interest. 01\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEpilogue, written at Minehead, Somerset, 2 July 1944: We left Bletchley 23rd June. We heard of our departure on the 19th - just after writing general notes of the previous pages... most of us went off feeling as though we were going to war - and a few hours later were settling in comfort at St. A Here there is a short memory of events after the last recordings... How am I to round off this diary? I feel that it must stand or fall on what has already been written. It is an account of someone in search of entertainment \u0026amp; a little enlightenment in a country that has been at war for too long. Frankly I have enjoyed these months despite their artificiality. And yet at the same time I have hated them. The war has always been in the background nagging at us... We had a job to do and we did it as well as we were able until the middle of May. We were asked to join a unit that offered little but discomfort... I hate discomfort. I am afraid of danger. I think war is unnecessary and the greatest of man's inhumanity towards man. But I want to see things f or myself. I can only hope that I will always believe in intellect rather than instrument and force.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFive volumes containing a profusion of succinct manuscript short notes penned by Hawker years after the war, dealing with all aspects of intelligence operatives executed not only by the British but others, such as Das Englandspiel (\"The England Game\"), also called Unternehmen Nordpol (Operation North Pole), launched by the German intelligence agency 'Abwehr.' Over and above his \"tech notes\" and pivotal events in the history of Morse code and ciphering, we find the names and roles of numerous intelligence personnel and colleagues, some by this time deceased, including some important figures from Bletchley Park such as Alan Turing (cryptologist, designer of the bomber, 'father of artificial intelligence'), V-2 rocket expert Reginald Victor Jones, and head of SIS (MI6) Sir Richard Gambier-Parry. Also named are Dutch SOE intelligence agents, notable BBC and Radio Londres announcers with pseudonyms and true identities, French Secret Intelligence officers, key Army and Navy leaders relating to clandestine communications, etc. The abundant volumes of data culminate into what appears to be an unpublished work by Hawker titled, \"War in The (A) Ether. Europe 1939-45: Radio Countermeasures in Bomber Command. An Historical Note.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"A Bit of Controversy: Pat Hawker- A Radio Life.\" by Steve White on John Patrick Hawker and a seven page article on Hawker from an unknown source.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Not To Be Published - Reception Sets R.107. General Description and Working Instructions.\" A classified manual issued by British military circa 1942, with 40 pages of text, 10 fold-out plates to illustrate circuit diagrams, components, etc.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBletchley Park News Bulletin, Issue No. 25, March 2002, which highlights an internal breach which resulted in the theft, and subsequent return, of a rare Abwehr Enigma machine. Together with other printed reports on the same incident, and a letter dated 1987 introducing Pat Hawker to a book titled, 'The Unknown War: North China 1937-1945\" by Beijing university professor Michael Lindsay, being his heroic account of constructing a transmitter sufficient to communicate with San Francisco the state of affairs in Communist China, especially with the Yenan Regime. The lot housed in a postmarked envelope addressed to Hawker.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFurther miscellaneous papers including a chart of events, correspondence, book reviews, a map of the Milton Keynes area showing Weald Station, and several notes on British and German intelligence, the lot of a similar nature to the above groupings of data.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn unpublished work titled \"Broadband Communications Link: An Introductory Survey\" by Hawker. 52 pages.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Cryptography Colossus\" in two folders containing numerous articles such as 'Cracking the Ciphers,' 'The Colossus of Bletchley Park,' 'Electronic Cryptography', 'Breaking the Enemy's Code,' 'Enigma,' 'The M209 cipher machine,' 'Privacy and Authentication: An Introduction To Cryptography,' 'Colossus: godfather of the computer,\" 'The Early Models of the Siemens and Halske T52 Cipher Machine,\" and others.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTyped synopsis by Hawker titled \"Clandestine Radio Links of the Second World War (Western Europe)\" 6 pages, accompanied by several pages of related manuscript notes, subjects such as Abwehr Afu equipment, intercept stations for Enigma, certain Bletchley Park personneL and more, contained in an envelope sent from Robert \"Bob\" Hawes of Tottenham in London - WWII pacifist and objector, author of several books on vintage wireless.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA second envelope contains yet more related notes, expounding further on German radio security (Funkabwehr), as well as French Special Services, Yugoslavia SOE. and the Enigma machine. Assortment of manuscript jottings which appear to contain details deciphered by intelligence, dated and occasionally cryptic, for example, \"Intelligence from TR - Col. Barils 2nd B ... setting up of largest Abwehr network in North Africa ... \" Notes on the capture of British radio operators, the fate of other colleagues, and notable events from 1940-1942, also some wireless radio specs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAnnotated typed drafts of articles written by Hawker headed \"Radio Amateurs and World War II\" and \"Clandestine Radio in World War II\" together with manuscript notes mainly dealing with Polish intelligence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNewspaper clippings, a list of headlines in 'The Times' in 1944, manuscript lecture notes, excerpts from published works, information obtained from three visits to the Imperial War Museum Reference Library, a photocopy of a 1950 issue of the 'Mercury' journal of the Royal Signals Amateur Radio Society, the March 1983 issue of \"Amateur Radio\" Magazine featuring a 12 page article by Hawker titled ''The Secrets of Wartime Radio.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eManuscript transcripts of 1980s BBC documentary films \"The Hunger Winter\" which describes the Dutch famine of 1944, \"All the King's Men\" revealing the SOE's Greatest Wartime Disaster, and Part II of 'The Profession of Intelligence\" by historian Dr. Christopher Andrew.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA group of seven copies of his lectures and illustrated publications headed 'Clandestine Radio', most being the same or similar in content, as well as two other articles in the same format.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA grouping of four letters being correspondence between Hawker and V-2 rocket expert R. V . Jones pertaining to the Germans using the Eiffel Tower to send television transmissions during the war. These include three signed letters from Jones, a copy of Hawker's signed manuscript reply letter. Excerpt from Hawker's letter: \": Yes, I can confirm at third hand that there were 44 1-line television transmissions on about 45MHz from the Eiffel Tower from January 1943 until August 16, 1944 intended for German forces in hospitals and soldiers' clubs etc, and that these transmissions were monitored at Beachy Head.\" There is also an additional letter, perhaps by Hawker, on the subject of A.D. Blumlein.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo folders devoted mainly to correspondence with Geoffrey Pigeon, containing several signed letters and just as many SCU newsletters which accompanied them. In 1942 Pigeon worked for Ml6 (Section VIII), was enlisted with the Royal Corps of Signals at Whaddon HaiL and later authored ''The Secret Wireless War\" for which he is famed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFurther war related notes, hand trimmed and pasted into 3 small cardstock booklets, autobiographical and instructional in nature (for field radio agents}, also containing names of colleagues and types of radio equipment.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo folders featuring Hawker's personal wartime accounts Including an autobiographical sketch which includes his important service with SCU9, a description of his arrival in Paris , an insider's perspective of the Ml6 and MI5, further filled with manuscript notes on Russian Clandestine Radio, a calendar of events relating to Czechoslovakia from 1939 to 1942, exposes on sabotages and secret Allied-German collaboration, resistance in Holland, and a timeline history of the Government Code and Cipher School (GC\u0026amp;CS}.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA substantial collection of copied printed material on the German two-way radio system, replete with diagrams and illustration, featuring a German manual for equipment used by their military intelligence division, titled \"Funkgerate des Militarischen Nachrichtendienstes \" and an account on short waves titled \"Die Funkpeilung der Kurzen Wellen.\" Also with information in German dealing with the R-350 and R-350M Russian spy radio sets developed in the former USS R in the mid 1950s, this lot of papers facilitates a technical study of various instruments such as suitcase radios. their mechanical design, specific components, application and efficiency. Together with a letter from a friend enquiring about Eastern Bloc B2 spyset radios.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Substantial document archive of significant intelligence content, written and compiled by John Patrick Hawker, British SOE (Special Operations Executive), pertaining to British intelligence, cryptography and clandestine radio in the Second World War. A veritable cornucopia of information in the form of Hawker's personal notes, mainly in manuscript and including a wartime diary kept by him while at Bletchley. Includes later research, interviews, articles, a few letters, and such starting about the time that Bletchley Park's secret operations were made known to the public in the 1970s. The lot concentrating on World War II military intelligence, the devices which served to decipher and transmit confidential data, the organizations and notable individuals dutifully engaged in clandestine communication operations. Together with his biography, written by Steve White in 2008, titled \"A Bit of Controversy: Pat Hawker- A Radio Life.\"","The manuscript journal was penned from 6 March to 19 June 1944, while at SIS Tattenhoe Camp in Far Bletchley, part of the Bletchley Park network, (a Secret Army Camp at the junction of Whaddon Way and Buckingham Road). Pat Hawker, then 22 years of age, inquisitive, ambitious, and exceptionally proficient in radio communications, describes his wartime experience with the covert establishments of British Intelligence divisions, mainly interaction with Bletchley colleagues, descriptions of the NAAFI, recreational excursions, entertainment, as well as his thoughts on the war as it unfolds. With only cryptic references such as \"Hut E\" of which he names his colleagues, remembering his time at 'H' [Hanslope Park], and working 'night shifts', he is mindful not to record specifics about his training, duties, or achievements, nor anything of the clandestine operations, though some commentary reveals the temptation to do. At the end of the volume a single page consists of a calendar of field assignments made with SCU9 unit to connect the Army with British intelligence agents during the final stages of the war. He travelled from London to Leigh-on-Sea, then Saint-Gabriei-Brécy and Paris, to Brussels then Eindhoven and Helmond in Holland, circling to and fro between these places and others, penetrating Germany in the North Rhine-Westphalia district and arriving at Süchteln approximately the 21st of May 1944, subsequently making his way to Bad Salzuflen, Bad Godesberg [the first major German city to be transferred to Allied forces control without a battle], and the district of Uedorf in the city of Bornheim (near Bonn). Together with a small photograph of 8 men in military uniform, loosely placed inside the volume. 118 pages.","Excerpts from Hawker's wartime diary:","March 6th 1944 - Tattenhoe. \"... the next few weeks will see for me and for millions like me - the ending of an era. The shadow has been cast - only the events themselves remain as yet unrevealed...\"\"l am a Lance Corporal in the Royal Corps of Signals engaged on wireless duties ... I, and some of my friends, will most probably be in on the 'Second Front' ... A party of twenty... My guess would be for April 5th. On that date I shall be twenty-two ... To be quite frank I do not particularly want this type of adventure... The Jack of civilized amenities... We may see things in other lands that will make us wonder how we ever tolerated life in dull Bletchley Bucks.\" \"... Tattenhoe Camp. I am writing this in my cubicle E7 ...this chronicle is not only a diary of events but of thoughts and ideas I do not feel bound to keep to the confines of time.\" \"Bletchley is a town of one street... leading up to the Park - that is at the Eight Bells - it wanders on under the railway bridge - past the Chi/tern Library past the dingy snack cafe, the many poor little shops to the Garden Cafe and the Studio Cinema and then meanders into Fenny Stratford... it is peopled by the strange mixture that work at the Park. The wrens, waafs and ats and most superior civil servants and dashing naval officers and slovenly army officers and occasional Americans... Unlike the other small towns in Bucks it cannot retain its own features. It seems to have been swamped by the invading army... All the local inhabitants have a timid frightened look in their eye as though wondering by what grace of God or Mr Griffin the Billeting Officer they are still allowed to retain part of their homes...\"","15 March 1944. \"Russian Events\" \"In Russia an important offensive on the whole of the Southern Front appears to be under way with an immediate objective in the port \u0026 base of Nikolaev [Mykolaiv] 20 miles from advancing Russians... With the crossing of this river, Odessa would be directly threatened and a general invasion of Bessarabia possible. Peace convoys from Russia are rumoured to be active in Istanbul following the Finnish-Soviet talks... apparently made little headway... further advance by the Red Army will almost certainly bring about peace talks...\"","22 March 1944. \"World at War [Htl..] has occupied the territory of his ally - Hungary... The seizure has been in Grand style. Regent Horthy the fleetless Admiral was summoned to meet [Htl..] and detained. Troops poured into Budapest at dawn... Spasmodic raids on London continue... In America, pre-Presidential elections activities are already clouding the picture...\"","[Here a list of personnel in 'Hut E' interjects the chronicle of daily events.]","25 March 1944. \"News from H [Hanslope Park].\" \"... the greatest surprise of the week... Bill Bernard... informed us that he had come to stay and gave us remarkable news of the old unit. This is no place for any discussion of the position there but many of my closest friends in that unit have suddenly been moved due to their 'suppressive' activities. Also caught in the storm were a number of the officers blamed for having allowed discontent to arise. For a long time my friends have been pressing for improved conditions in that camp...\"","31 March 1944. \"The Russian advance continues. Nikolaev has fallen and the Red Army is racing towards Odessa... are within a few miles of Hungary \u0026 Czechoslovakia. The German retreat is becoming disordered and reports of disintegration are... [On March 28, 1944 the city was liberated from German control, in part because of Soviet Senior Lieutenant Konstantin F. Olshansky's paratroopers and their daring raid, during which the majority of his troops were killed]\" .... 'The Air Ministry has announced that we have a new fighter. The make and its name are 'official secrets'. But several weeks ago an American magazine article stated that the new Hawker 'Tempest' was being used by the RAF!\"","3 April 1944. \"Cycled to Newport Pagnell... Met several of the old crowd Wilt Allen, Dick Draper, Alf Taylor. Heard of several new moves, Jim Roghly to N.W. area, Fred Graham, Wilt Elmore to B ...it is now a place of haunting memories of people whom I have known but now seldom see. The old original fellows who went to H in 1941 - Des Downing, Matt Smith, Les Gorley, Stan Thomas, Peter Camello, Bill Windle, Bill Robertson, Bill Hutchford, Smudger Smith, Gilbert Moss, and many others. What talk did that dimly lit room hear... We were bound together by necessity. The only place in the neighbourhood where food was to be bought. In the days before WVS Canteens [Women's Voluntary Service] ...\"","21 April 1944. 'The period covered by these notes has already been far greater than I had originally anticipated. How much longer before the balloon goes up? I believe that early May will witness the opening of the offensive... the Government withdrew all diplomatic privileges from its representatives of foreign powers - excluding only Russia \u0026 the U.S.A... No couriers can enter or leave the country, no coded telegrams... Heavy raids continue... Details of the Navy's use of 'human torpedoes' as long ago as Jan 1943 have just been released... yet another suicide job. Their only hope lies in being taken prisoner, as occurred in the Palmero raid... workers are feeling the strain of 4 1/2 years of ever increasing work and many are ready to strike... Leave in the Army is still suspended.","5 May 1944. 'Tonight at the NAAFI 'X' and I learned that E's posting has come through. She is leaving Wednesday. I am not at all sure that these notes are the right place to discuss the 'E' affairs...\"","13 May 1944. \"... cycle ride to Aylesbury... the opening of 'Salute the Soldier Week'... strange influence of visitors... Glider Pilot Regiment, Crippled Dutch Sailor, Yanks, Polish Air Cadets, woofs from the West Indies, Pilots form Australia, New Zealand and Ceylon, Nursing Auxiliaries, and the Services from all over England Scotland \u0026 Wales - all rubbing shoulders with the good people of Bucks...\"","8 June 1944. 'The long drawn out overture has ended. The curtain has gone up. Two days ago, June 6th... Allied command had issued a statement that a new bombing phase had begun... warning the people of occupied Europe... German naval forces were in contact with Allied landing craft. So came D Day... At 9.30 came the official communqiue No. 1 from SHEAEF and statement from Eisenhower... the first reaction was of relief that at last the period of waiting was over. How that period affected us, has, I hope, been shown in these notes... I set out to record pre-invasion England. That England no longer exists... So it is with all major changes in the world... the beginning of a chain of events that slowly encompass us all... Everyone of them whether they cross the channel or stay here in Bletchley.\"","3 June 1944. 'The preparations as they affect our unit are as complete now as they are ever likely to be. We live then on short notice. /left Bletchley on the 8-1 5 train May 22 \u0026 returned by the 5-45 pm on May 24th. I had been home... for a few hours one leads a private life... For those hours one becomes Mr. So and So - Private Citizens. Back in Bletchley I entered an altered existence. For the first time for two \u0026 a half years I stopped working on shifts and became a 9 till 5 worker. An immediate result being my time for odd jobs such as writing journals seemed to disappear.\"","19 June 1944. \"A few hundred miles to the south fierce fighting... The Americans have succeeded in reaching the West Coast of the Cherbourg peninsula... all reports indicate that - at least in Normandy - the behaviour of the German troops has been 'correct'... they have been accepted by the younger section of the population... the Germans have been sending pilot-less aircraft against London... too early to say how effective this new weapon s likely to be... the layman us inclined to the view that they must be very expensive in man-hours for construction and therefore the attack may dwindle... technical detailed are awaited with keen interest. 01","Epilogue, written at Minehead, Somerset, 2 July 1944: We left Bletchley 23rd June. We heard of our departure on the 19th - just after writing general notes of the previous pages... most of us went off feeling as though we were going to war - and a few hours later were settling in comfort at St. A Here there is a short memory of events after the last recordings... How am I to round off this diary? I feel that it must stand or fall on what has already been written. It is an account of someone in search of entertainment \u0026 a little enlightenment in a country that has been at war for too long. Frankly I have enjoyed these months despite their artificiality. And yet at the same time I have hated them. The war has always been in the background nagging at us... We had a job to do and we did it as well as we were able until the middle of May. We were asked to join a unit that offered little but discomfort... I hate discomfort. I am afraid of danger. I think war is unnecessary and the greatest of man's inhumanity towards man. But I want to see things f or myself. I can only hope that I will always believe in intellect rather than instrument and force.","Five volumes containing a profusion of succinct manuscript short notes penned by Hawker years after the war, dealing with all aspects of intelligence operatives executed not only by the British but others, such as Das Englandspiel (\"The England Game\"), also called Unternehmen Nordpol (Operation North Pole), launched by the German intelligence agency 'Abwehr.' Over and above his \"tech notes\" and pivotal events in the history of Morse code and ciphering, we find the names and roles of numerous intelligence personnel and colleagues, some by this time deceased, including some important figures from Bletchley Park such as Alan Turing (cryptologist, designer of the bomber, 'father of artificial intelligence'), V-2 rocket expert Reginald Victor Jones, and head of SIS (MI6) Sir Richard Gambier-Parry. Also named are Dutch SOE intelligence agents, notable BBC and Radio Londres announcers with pseudonyms and true identities, French Secret Intelligence officers, key Army and Navy leaders relating to clandestine communications, etc. The abundant volumes of data culminate into what appears to be an unpublished work by Hawker titled, \"War in The (A) Ether. Europe 1939-45: Radio Countermeasures in Bomber Command. An Historical Note.\"","\"A Bit of Controversy: Pat Hawker- A Radio Life.\" by Steve White on John Patrick Hawker and a seven page article on Hawker from an unknown source.","\"Not To Be Published - Reception Sets R.107. General Description and Working Instructions.\" A classified manual issued by British military circa 1942, with 40 pages of text, 10 fold-out plates to illustrate circuit diagrams, components, etc.","Bletchley Park News Bulletin, Issue No. 25, March 2002, which highlights an internal breach which resulted in the theft, and subsequent return, of a rare Abwehr Enigma machine. Together with other printed reports on the same incident, and a letter dated 1987 introducing Pat Hawker to a book titled, 'The Unknown War: North China 1937-1945\" by Beijing university professor Michael Lindsay, being his heroic account of constructing a transmitter sufficient to communicate with San Francisco the state of affairs in Communist China, especially with the Yenan Regime. The lot housed in a postmarked envelope addressed to Hawker.","Further miscellaneous papers including a chart of events, correspondence, book reviews, a map of the Milton Keynes area showing Weald Station, and several notes on British and German intelligence, the lot of a similar nature to the above groupings of data.","An unpublished work titled \"Broadband Communications Link: An Introductory Survey\" by Hawker. 52 pages.","\"Cryptography Colossus\" in two folders containing numerous articles such as 'Cracking the Ciphers,' 'The Colossus of Bletchley Park,' 'Electronic Cryptography', 'Breaking the Enemy's Code,' 'Enigma,' 'The M209 cipher machine,' 'Privacy and Authentication: An Introduction To Cryptography,' 'Colossus: godfather of the computer,\" 'The Early Models of the Siemens and Halske T52 Cipher Machine,\" and others.","Typed synopsis by Hawker titled \"Clandestine Radio Links of the Second World War (Western Europe)\" 6 pages, accompanied by several pages of related manuscript notes, subjects such as Abwehr Afu equipment, intercept stations for Enigma, certain Bletchley Park personneL and more, contained in an envelope sent from Robert \"Bob\" Hawes of Tottenham in London - WWII pacifist and objector, author of several books on vintage wireless.","A second envelope contains yet more related notes, expounding further on German radio security (Funkabwehr), as well as French Special Services, Yugoslavia SOE. and the Enigma machine. Assortment of manuscript jottings which appear to contain details deciphered by intelligence, dated and occasionally cryptic, for example, \"Intelligence from TR - Col. Barils 2nd B ... setting up of largest Abwehr network in North Africa ... \" Notes on the capture of British radio operators, the fate of other colleagues, and notable events from 1940-1942, also some wireless radio specs.","Annotated typed drafts of articles written by Hawker headed \"Radio Amateurs and World War II\" and \"Clandestine Radio in World War II\" together with manuscript notes mainly dealing with Polish intelligence.","Newspaper clippings, a list of headlines in 'The Times' in 1944, manuscript lecture notes, excerpts from published works, information obtained from three visits to the Imperial War Museum Reference Library, a photocopy of a 1950 issue of the 'Mercury' journal of the Royal Signals Amateur Radio Society, the March 1983 issue of \"Amateur Radio\" Magazine featuring a 12 page article by Hawker titled ''The Secrets of Wartime Radio.\"","Manuscript transcripts of 1980s BBC documentary films \"The Hunger Winter\" which describes the Dutch famine of 1944, \"All the King's Men\" revealing the SOE's Greatest Wartime Disaster, and Part II of 'The Profession of Intelligence\" by historian Dr. Christopher Andrew.","A group of seven copies of his lectures and illustrated publications headed 'Clandestine Radio', most being the same or similar in content, as well as two other articles in the same format.","A grouping of four letters being correspondence between Hawker and V-2 rocket expert R. V . Jones pertaining to the Germans using the Eiffel Tower to send television transmissions during the war. These include three signed letters from Jones, a copy of Hawker's signed manuscript reply letter. Excerpt from Hawker's letter: \": Yes, I can confirm at third hand that there were 44 1-line television transmissions on about 45MHz from the Eiffel Tower from January 1943 until August 16, 1944 intended for German forces in hospitals and soldiers' clubs etc, and that these transmissions were monitored at Beachy Head.\" There is also an additional letter, perhaps by Hawker, on the subject of A.D. Blumlein.","","Two folders devoted mainly to correspondence with Geoffrey Pigeon, containing several signed letters and just as many SCU newsletters which accompanied them. In 1942 Pigeon worked for Ml6 (Section VIII), was enlisted with the Royal Corps of Signals at Whaddon HaiL and later authored ''The Secret Wireless War\" for which he is famed.","Further war related notes, hand trimmed and pasted into 3 small cardstock booklets, autobiographical and instructional in nature (for field radio agents}, also containing names of colleagues and types of radio equipment.","Two folders featuring Hawker's personal wartime accounts Including an autobiographical sketch which includes his important service with SCU9, a description of his arrival in Paris , an insider's perspective of the Ml6 and MI5, further filled with manuscript notes on Russian Clandestine Radio, a calendar of events relating to Czechoslovakia from 1939 to 1942, exposes on sabotages and secret Allied-German collaboration, resistance in Holland, and a timeline history of the Government Code and Cipher School (GC\u0026CS}.","A substantial collection of copied printed material on the German two-way radio system, replete with diagrams and illustration, featuring a German manual for equipment used by their military intelligence division, titled \"Funkgerate des Militarischen Nachrichtendienstes \" and an account on short waves titled \"Die Funkpeilung der Kurzen Wellen.\" Also with information in German dealing with the R-350 and R-350M Russian spy radio sets developed in the former USS R in the mid 1950s, this lot of papers facilitates a technical study of various instruments such as suitcase radios. their mechanical design, specific components, application and efficiency. Together with a letter from a friend enquiring about Eastern Bloc B2 spyset radios."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the John Patrick Hawker papers must be obtained from Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the John Patrick Hawker papers must be obtained from Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"ref40\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eSubstantial document archive of significant intelligence content, written and compiled by John Patrick Hawker, British SOE (Special Operations Executive), pertaining to British intelligence, cryptography and clandestine radio in the Second World War.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Substantial document archive of significant intelligence content, written and compiled by John Patrick Hawker, British SOE (Special Operations Executive), pertaining to British intelligence, cryptography and clandestine radio in the Second World War."],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Hawker, John Patrick"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections \u0026 Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Hawker, John Patrick"],"language_ssim":["English\n\t"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":19,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T06:33:36.071Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_hawker","ead_ssi":"vifgm_hawker","_root_":"vifgm_hawker","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_hawker","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/gmu/hawker.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://sca.gmu.edu/finding_aids/hawker.html","title_ssm":["John Patrick Hawker papers"],"title_tesim":["John Patrick Hawker papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1942-2009"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1942-2009"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0275"],"text":["C0275","John Patrick Hawker papers","Military intelligence--Germany.","Military intelligence--Great Britain.","World War, 1939-1945.","There are no access restrictions.","Organized by subject and date.","John Patrick Hawker MBE (1922-2013), G3VA, popularly known as Pat Hawker, was a professional and amateur radio engineer, who during the Second World War was actively engaged in British Intelligence services, and Is associated with the Bletchley Park code-breaking center, working with clandestine radio to support resistance units. Hawker was involved in many aspects of radio, beginning in World War II as a member of the Radio Security Service (RSS) and its connections to British Security Service Military Intelligence Ml5 and the Secret Intelligence Service Ml6. In 1941 at the young age of 19 he started at Bletchley Park as an intercept operator. The bay he worked in contained two HRO receivers, each operator being given a specific list of signals to listen for. In April 1943 he was transferred to Section VIII unit, and served at Weald Station as a two-way radio operator, under Morse code expert Captain Robert Henry \"Harry\" Tricker. In 1944 Pat joined unit SCU9 and was sent Into war zones where covert communications were required . After the D-Day Allied invasion of Europe in June, with the small mobile unit headed to Normandy under the direction of Tricker who was now a Major, Pat went to Normandy, where he remained until August. He subsequently travelled to Paris, Brussels, Eindhoven, etc. and into Germany, with the same British intelligence services unit, mainly to report German troop movements and to connect 21st Army Group with Secret Intelligence Service field agents and SUSSEX intelligence teams.","At the end of October 1944 he was assigned as a personal operator for an Intelligence officer heading for Nijmegen (Nimeguen) in the Netherlands, and was provided with a double transposition poem cipher (LMT cipher) , which was unprecedented in the Ml6 as radio operating and ciphering were usually separate. [Double transposition was generall y regarded as the most complicated cipher that an agent could operate reliably under difficult field conditions]. At Nijmegen he became involved with the IS9 which was another 'private army' and which organized escape and evasion of Allied troops and breakaways. For a brief time in 1945 he worked with Holland's Bureau of National Security. At the Abbe Museum in Eindhoven, which served as British Intelligence headquarters, he worked for the remainder of the war as chief operator in a Dutch network for cipher de-coding, he being the only English speaking person there. At war's end in Europe, Pat rejoined SCU9 in the British Zone of Germany, sending six months in Rhineland and gaining much insight into the complexities of the utmost secret intelligence operations. After the war Hawker was regarded as an authority on clandestine radio. He became a key figure in British radio and television, and was Vice President of the Radio Society of Great Britain (RSGB) . The Bletchley Park 'Summary of Service' lists John Patrick Hawker with the British Army Royal Signals, working at Hanslope Park and Whaddon Hall in the years 1941-1946, the centers for disseminating Bletchley Park's intelligence reports, situated near Bletchley.","Collection is unprocessed. Description of collection abstracted from vendor catalog. EAD markup completed by Jordan Patty in August 2015.","Special Collections and Archives also holds an extensive collection of rare books on military intelligence.","Substantial document archive of significant intelligence content, written and compiled by John Patrick Hawker, British SOE (Special Operations Executive), pertaining to British intelligence, cryptography and clandestine radio in the Second World War. A veritable cornucopia of information in the form of Hawker's personal notes, mainly in manuscript and including a wartime diary kept by him while at Bletchley. Includes later research, interviews, articles, a few letters, and such starting about the time that Bletchley Park's secret operations were made known to the public in the 1970s. The lot concentrating on World War II military intelligence, the devices which served to decipher and transmit confidential data, the organizations and notable individuals dutifully engaged in clandestine communication operations. Together with his biography, written by Steve White in 2008, titled \"A Bit of Controversy: Pat Hawker- A Radio Life.\"","The manuscript journal was penned from 6 March to 19 June 1944, while at SIS Tattenhoe Camp in Far Bletchley, part of the Bletchley Park network, (a Secret Army Camp at the junction of Whaddon Way and Buckingham Road). Pat Hawker, then 22 years of age, inquisitive, ambitious, and exceptionally proficient in radio communications, describes his wartime experience with the covert establishments of British Intelligence divisions, mainly interaction with Bletchley colleagues, descriptions of the NAAFI, recreational excursions, entertainment, as well as his thoughts on the war as it unfolds. With only cryptic references such as \"Hut E\" of which he names his colleagues, remembering his time at 'H' [Hanslope Park], and working 'night shifts', he is mindful not to record specifics about his training, duties, or achievements, nor anything of the clandestine operations, though some commentary reveals the temptation to do. At the end of the volume a single page consists of a calendar of field assignments made with SCU9 unit to connect the Army with British intelligence agents during the final stages of the war. He travelled from London to Leigh-on-Sea, then Saint-Gabriei-Brécy and Paris, to Brussels then Eindhoven and Helmond in Holland, circling to and fro between these places and others, penetrating Germany in the North Rhine-Westphalia district and arriving at Süchteln approximately the 21st of May 1944, subsequently making his way to Bad Salzuflen, Bad Godesberg [the first major German city to be transferred to Allied forces control without a battle], and the district of Uedorf in the city of Bornheim (near Bonn). Together with a small photograph of 8 men in military uniform, loosely placed inside the volume. 118 pages.","Excerpts from Hawker's wartime diary:","March 6th 1944 - Tattenhoe. \"... the next few weeks will see for me and for millions like me - the ending of an era. The shadow has been cast - only the events themselves remain as yet unrevealed...\"\"l am a Lance Corporal in the Royal Corps of Signals engaged on wireless duties ... I, and some of my friends, will most probably be in on the 'Second Front' ... A party of twenty... My guess would be for April 5th. On that date I shall be twenty-two ... To be quite frank I do not particularly want this type of adventure... The Jack of civilized amenities... We may see things in other lands that will make us wonder how we ever tolerated life in dull Bletchley Bucks.\" \"... Tattenhoe Camp. I am writing this in my cubicle E7 ...this chronicle is not only a diary of events but of thoughts and ideas I do not feel bound to keep to the confines of time.\" \"Bletchley is a town of one street... leading up to the Park - that is at the Eight Bells - it wanders on under the railway bridge - past the Chi/tern Library past the dingy snack cafe, the many poor little shops to the Garden Cafe and the Studio Cinema and then meanders into Fenny Stratford... it is peopled by the strange mixture that work at the Park. The wrens, waafs and ats and most superior civil servants and dashing naval officers and slovenly army officers and occasional Americans... Unlike the other small towns in Bucks it cannot retain its own features. It seems to have been swamped by the invading army... All the local inhabitants have a timid frightened look in their eye as though wondering by what grace of God or Mr Griffin the Billeting Officer they are still allowed to retain part of their homes...\"","15 March 1944. \"Russian Events\" \"In Russia an important offensive on the whole of the Southern Front appears to be under way with an immediate objective in the port \u0026 base of Nikolaev [Mykolaiv] 20 miles from advancing Russians... With the crossing of this river, Odessa would be directly threatened and a general invasion of Bessarabia possible. Peace convoys from Russia are rumoured to be active in Istanbul following the Finnish-Soviet talks... apparently made little headway... further advance by the Red Army will almost certainly bring about peace talks...\"","22 March 1944. \"World at War [Htl..] has occupied the territory of his ally - Hungary... The seizure has been in Grand style. Regent Horthy the fleetless Admiral was summoned to meet [Htl..] and detained. Troops poured into Budapest at dawn... Spasmodic raids on London continue... In America, pre-Presidential elections activities are already clouding the picture...\"","[Here a list of personnel in 'Hut E' interjects the chronicle of daily events.]","25 March 1944. \"News from H [Hanslope Park].\" \"... the greatest surprise of the week... Bill Bernard... informed us that he had come to stay and gave us remarkable news of the old unit. This is no place for any discussion of the position there but many of my closest friends in that unit have suddenly been moved due to their 'suppressive' activities. Also caught in the storm were a number of the officers blamed for having allowed discontent to arise. For a long time my friends have been pressing for improved conditions in that camp...\"","31 March 1944. \"The Russian advance continues. Nikolaev has fallen and the Red Army is racing towards Odessa... are within a few miles of Hungary \u0026 Czechoslovakia. The German retreat is becoming disordered and reports of disintegration are... [On March 28, 1944 the city was liberated from German control, in part because of Soviet Senior Lieutenant Konstantin F. Olshansky's paratroopers and their daring raid, during which the majority of his troops were killed]\" .... 'The Air Ministry has announced that we have a new fighter. The make and its name are 'official secrets'. But several weeks ago an American magazine article stated that the new Hawker 'Tempest' was being used by the RAF!\"","3 April 1944. \"Cycled to Newport Pagnell... Met several of the old crowd Wilt Allen, Dick Draper, Alf Taylor. Heard of several new moves, Jim Roghly to N.W. area, Fred Graham, Wilt Elmore to B ...it is now a place of haunting memories of people whom I have known but now seldom see. The old original fellows who went to H in 1941 - Des Downing, Matt Smith, Les Gorley, Stan Thomas, Peter Camello, Bill Windle, Bill Robertson, Bill Hutchford, Smudger Smith, Gilbert Moss, and many others. What talk did that dimly lit room hear... We were bound together by necessity. The only place in the neighbourhood where food was to be bought. In the days before WVS Canteens [Women's Voluntary Service] ...\"","21 April 1944. 'The period covered by these notes has already been far greater than I had originally anticipated. How much longer before the balloon goes up? I believe that early May will witness the opening of the offensive... the Government withdrew all diplomatic privileges from its representatives of foreign powers - excluding only Russia \u0026 the U.S.A... No couriers can enter or leave the country, no coded telegrams... Heavy raids continue... Details of the Navy's use of 'human torpedoes' as long ago as Jan 1943 have just been released... yet another suicide job. Their only hope lies in being taken prisoner, as occurred in the Palmero raid... workers are feeling the strain of 4 1/2 years of ever increasing work and many are ready to strike... Leave in the Army is still suspended.","5 May 1944. 'Tonight at the NAAFI 'X' and I learned that E's posting has come through. She is leaving Wednesday. I am not at all sure that these notes are the right place to discuss the 'E' affairs...\"","13 May 1944. \"... cycle ride to Aylesbury... the opening of 'Salute the Soldier Week'... strange influence of visitors... Glider Pilot Regiment, Crippled Dutch Sailor, Yanks, Polish Air Cadets, woofs from the West Indies, Pilots form Australia, New Zealand and Ceylon, Nursing Auxiliaries, and the Services from all over England Scotland \u0026 Wales - all rubbing shoulders with the good people of Bucks...\"","8 June 1944. 'The long drawn out overture has ended. The curtain has gone up. Two days ago, June 6th... Allied command had issued a statement that a new bombing phase had begun... warning the people of occupied Europe... German naval forces were in contact with Allied landing craft. So came D Day... At 9.30 came the official communqiue No. 1 from SHEAEF and statement from Eisenhower... the first reaction was of relief that at last the period of waiting was over. How that period affected us, has, I hope, been shown in these notes... I set out to record pre-invasion England. That England no longer exists... So it is with all major changes in the world... the beginning of a chain of events that slowly encompass us all... Everyone of them whether they cross the channel or stay here in Bletchley.\"","3 June 1944. 'The preparations as they affect our unit are as complete now as they are ever likely to be. We live then on short notice. /left Bletchley on the 8-1 5 train May 22 \u0026 returned by the 5-45 pm on May 24th. I had been home... for a few hours one leads a private life... For those hours one becomes Mr. So and So - Private Citizens. Back in Bletchley I entered an altered existence. For the first time for two \u0026 a half years I stopped working on shifts and became a 9 till 5 worker. An immediate result being my time for odd jobs such as writing journals seemed to disappear.\"","19 June 1944. \"A few hundred miles to the south fierce fighting... The Americans have succeeded in reaching the West Coast of the Cherbourg peninsula... all reports indicate that - at least in Normandy - the behaviour of the German troops has been 'correct'... they have been accepted by the younger section of the population... the Germans have been sending pilot-less aircraft against London... too early to say how effective this new weapon s likely to be... the layman us inclined to the view that they must be very expensive in man-hours for construction and therefore the attack may dwindle... technical detailed are awaited with keen interest. 01","Epilogue, written at Minehead, Somerset, 2 July 1944: We left Bletchley 23rd June. We heard of our departure on the 19th - just after writing general notes of the previous pages... most of us went off feeling as though we were going to war - and a few hours later were settling in comfort at St. A Here there is a short memory of events after the last recordings... How am I to round off this diary? I feel that it must stand or fall on what has already been written. It is an account of someone in search of entertainment \u0026 a little enlightenment in a country that has been at war for too long. Frankly I have enjoyed these months despite their artificiality. And yet at the same time I have hated them. The war has always been in the background nagging at us... We had a job to do and we did it as well as we were able until the middle of May. We were asked to join a unit that offered little but discomfort... I hate discomfort. I am afraid of danger. I think war is unnecessary and the greatest of man's inhumanity towards man. But I want to see things f or myself. I can only hope that I will always believe in intellect rather than instrument and force.","Five volumes containing a profusion of succinct manuscript short notes penned by Hawker years after the war, dealing with all aspects of intelligence operatives executed not only by the British but others, such as Das Englandspiel (\"The England Game\"), also called Unternehmen Nordpol (Operation North Pole), launched by the German intelligence agency 'Abwehr.' Over and above his \"tech notes\" and pivotal events in the history of Morse code and ciphering, we find the names and roles of numerous intelligence personnel and colleagues, some by this time deceased, including some important figures from Bletchley Park such as Alan Turing (cryptologist, designer of the bomber, 'father of artificial intelligence'), V-2 rocket expert Reginald Victor Jones, and head of SIS (MI6) Sir Richard Gambier-Parry. Also named are Dutch SOE intelligence agents, notable BBC and Radio Londres announcers with pseudonyms and true identities, French Secret Intelligence officers, key Army and Navy leaders relating to clandestine communications, etc. The abundant volumes of data culminate into what appears to be an unpublished work by Hawker titled, \"War in The (A) Ether. Europe 1939-45: Radio Countermeasures in Bomber Command. An Historical Note.\"","\"A Bit of Controversy: Pat Hawker- A Radio Life.\" by Steve White on John Patrick Hawker and a seven page article on Hawker from an unknown source.","\"Not To Be Published - Reception Sets R.107. General Description and Working Instructions.\" A classified manual issued by British military circa 1942, with 40 pages of text, 10 fold-out plates to illustrate circuit diagrams, components, etc.","Bletchley Park News Bulletin, Issue No. 25, March 2002, which highlights an internal breach which resulted in the theft, and subsequent return, of a rare Abwehr Enigma machine. Together with other printed reports on the same incident, and a letter dated 1987 introducing Pat Hawker to a book titled, 'The Unknown War: North China 1937-1945\" by Beijing university professor Michael Lindsay, being his heroic account of constructing a transmitter sufficient to communicate with San Francisco the state of affairs in Communist China, especially with the Yenan Regime. The lot housed in a postmarked envelope addressed to Hawker.","Further miscellaneous papers including a chart of events, correspondence, book reviews, a map of the Milton Keynes area showing Weald Station, and several notes on British and German intelligence, the lot of a similar nature to the above groupings of data.","An unpublished work titled \"Broadband Communications Link: An Introductory Survey\" by Hawker. 52 pages.","\"Cryptography Colossus\" in two folders containing numerous articles such as 'Cracking the Ciphers,' 'The Colossus of Bletchley Park,' 'Electronic Cryptography', 'Breaking the Enemy's Code,' 'Enigma,' 'The M209 cipher machine,' 'Privacy and Authentication: An Introduction To Cryptography,' 'Colossus: godfather of the computer,\" 'The Early Models of the Siemens and Halske T52 Cipher Machine,\" and others.","Typed synopsis by Hawker titled \"Clandestine Radio Links of the Second World War (Western Europe)\" 6 pages, accompanied by several pages of related manuscript notes, subjects such as Abwehr Afu equipment, intercept stations for Enigma, certain Bletchley Park personneL and more, contained in an envelope sent from Robert \"Bob\" Hawes of Tottenham in London - WWII pacifist and objector, author of several books on vintage wireless.","A second envelope contains yet more related notes, expounding further on German radio security (Funkabwehr), as well as French Special Services, Yugoslavia SOE. and the Enigma machine. Assortment of manuscript jottings which appear to contain details deciphered by intelligence, dated and occasionally cryptic, for example, \"Intelligence from TR - Col. Barils 2nd B ... setting up of largest Abwehr network in North Africa ... \" Notes on the capture of British radio operators, the fate of other colleagues, and notable events from 1940-1942, also some wireless radio specs.","Annotated typed drafts of articles written by Hawker headed \"Radio Amateurs and World War II\" and \"Clandestine Radio in World War II\" together with manuscript notes mainly dealing with Polish intelligence.","Newspaper clippings, a list of headlines in 'The Times' in 1944, manuscript lecture notes, excerpts from published works, information obtained from three visits to the Imperial War Museum Reference Library, a photocopy of a 1950 issue of the 'Mercury' journal of the Royal Signals Amateur Radio Society, the March 1983 issue of \"Amateur Radio\" Magazine featuring a 12 page article by Hawker titled ''The Secrets of Wartime Radio.\"","Manuscript transcripts of 1980s BBC documentary films \"The Hunger Winter\" which describes the Dutch famine of 1944, \"All the King's Men\" revealing the SOE's Greatest Wartime Disaster, and Part II of 'The Profession of Intelligence\" by historian Dr. Christopher Andrew.","A group of seven copies of his lectures and illustrated publications headed 'Clandestine Radio', most being the same or similar in content, as well as two other articles in the same format.","A grouping of four letters being correspondence between Hawker and V-2 rocket expert R. V . Jones pertaining to the Germans using the Eiffel Tower to send television transmissions during the war. These include three signed letters from Jones, a copy of Hawker's signed manuscript reply letter. Excerpt from Hawker's letter: \": Yes, I can confirm at third hand that there were 44 1-line television transmissions on about 45MHz from the Eiffel Tower from January 1943 until August 16, 1944 intended for German forces in hospitals and soldiers' clubs etc, and that these transmissions were monitored at Beachy Head.\" There is also an additional letter, perhaps by Hawker, on the subject of A.D. Blumlein.","","Two folders devoted mainly to correspondence with Geoffrey Pigeon, containing several signed letters and just as many SCU newsletters which accompanied them. In 1942 Pigeon worked for Ml6 (Section VIII), was enlisted with the Royal Corps of Signals at Whaddon HaiL and later authored ''The Secret Wireless War\" for which he is famed.","Further war related notes, hand trimmed and pasted into 3 small cardstock booklets, autobiographical and instructional in nature (for field radio agents}, also containing names of colleagues and types of radio equipment.","Two folders featuring Hawker's personal wartime accounts Including an autobiographical sketch which includes his important service with SCU9, a description of his arrival in Paris , an insider's perspective of the Ml6 and MI5, further filled with manuscript notes on Russian Clandestine Radio, a calendar of events relating to Czechoslovakia from 1939 to 1942, exposes on sabotages and secret Allied-German collaboration, resistance in Holland, and a timeline history of the Government Code and Cipher School (GC\u0026CS}.","A substantial collection of copied printed material on the German two-way radio system, replete with diagrams and illustration, featuring a German manual for equipment used by their military intelligence division, titled \"Funkgerate des Militarischen Nachrichtendienstes \" and an account on short waves titled \"Die Funkpeilung der Kurzen Wellen.\" Also with information in German dealing with the R-350 and R-350M Russian spy radio sets developed in the former USS R in the mid 1950s, this lot of papers facilitates a technical study of various instruments such as suitcase radios. their mechanical design, specific components, application and efficiency. Together with a letter from a friend enquiring about Eastern Bloc B2 spyset radios.","There are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the John Patrick Hawker papers must be obtained from Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries.","Substantial document archive of significant intelligence content, written and compiled by John Patrick Hawker, British SOE (Special Operations Executive), pertaining to British intelligence, cryptography and clandestine radio in the Second World War.","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Hawker, John Patrick","English\n\t"],"unitid_tesim":["C0275"],"normalized_title_ssm":["John Patrick Hawker papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["John Patrick Hawker papers"],"collection_ssim":["John Patrick Hawker papers"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["Hawker, John Patrick"],"creator_ssim":["Hawker, John Patrick"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Hawker, John Patrick"],"creators_ssim":["Hawker, John Patrick"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the John Patrick Hawker papers must be obtained from Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased from Voyager Press Rare Books and Manuscripts in July 2015."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Military intelligence--Germany.","Military intelligence--Great Britain.","World War, 1939-1945."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Military intelligence--Germany.","Military intelligence--Great Britain.","World War, 1939-1945."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.75 linear feet (3 boxes)"],"extent_tesim":["1.75 linear feet (3 boxes)"],"date_range_isim":[1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOrganized by subject and date.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Organized by subject and date."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn Patrick Hawker MBE (1922-2013), G3VA, popularly known as Pat Hawker, was a professional and amateur radio engineer, who during the Second World War was actively engaged in British Intelligence services, and Is associated with the Bletchley Park code-breaking center, working with clandestine radio to support resistance units. Hawker was involved in many aspects of radio, beginning in World War II as a member of the Radio Security Service (RSS) and its connections to British Security Service Military Intelligence Ml5 and the Secret Intelligence Service Ml6. In 1941 at the young age of 19 he started at Bletchley Park as an intercept operator. The bay he worked in contained two HRO receivers, each operator being given a specific list of signals to listen for. In April 1943 he was transferred to Section VIII unit, and served at Weald Station as a two-way radio operator, under Morse code expert Captain Robert Henry \"Harry\" Tricker. In 1944 Pat joined unit SCU9 and was sent Into war zones where covert communications were required . After the D-Day Allied invasion of Europe in June, with the small mobile unit headed to Normandy under the direction of Tricker who was now a Major, Pat went to Normandy, where he remained until August. He subsequently travelled to Paris, Brussels, Eindhoven, etc. and into Germany, with the same British intelligence services unit, mainly to report German troop movements and to connect 21st Army Group with Secret Intelligence Service field agents and SUSSEX intelligence teams.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAt the end of October 1944 he was assigned as a personal operator for an Intelligence officer heading for Nijmegen (Nimeguen) in the Netherlands, and was provided with a double transposition poem cipher (LMT cipher) , which was unprecedented in the Ml6 as radio operating and ciphering were usually separate. [Double transposition was generall y regarded as the most complicated cipher that an agent could operate reliably under difficult field conditions]. At Nijmegen he became involved with the IS9 which was another 'private army' and which organized escape and evasion of Allied troops and breakaways. For a brief time in 1945 he worked with Holland's Bureau of National Security. At the Abbe Museum in Eindhoven, which served as British Intelligence headquarters, he worked for the remainder of the war as chief operator in a Dutch network for cipher de-coding, he being the only English speaking person there. At war's end in Europe, Pat rejoined SCU9 in the British Zone of Germany, sending six months in Rhineland and gaining much insight into the complexities of the utmost secret intelligence operations. After the war Hawker was regarded as an authority on clandestine radio. He became a key figure in British radio and television, and was Vice President of the Radio Society of Great Britain (RSGB) . The Bletchley Park 'Summary of Service' lists John Patrick Hawker with the British Army Royal Signals, working at Hanslope Park and Whaddon Hall in the years 1941-1946, the centers for disseminating Bletchley Park's intelligence reports, situated near Bletchley.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["John Patrick Hawker MBE (1922-2013), G3VA, popularly known as Pat Hawker, was a professional and amateur radio engineer, who during the Second World War was actively engaged in British Intelligence services, and Is associated with the Bletchley Park code-breaking center, working with clandestine radio to support resistance units. Hawker was involved in many aspects of radio, beginning in World War II as a member of the Radio Security Service (RSS) and its connections to British Security Service Military Intelligence Ml5 and the Secret Intelligence Service Ml6. In 1941 at the young age of 19 he started at Bletchley Park as an intercept operator. The bay he worked in contained two HRO receivers, each operator being given a specific list of signals to listen for. In April 1943 he was transferred to Section VIII unit, and served at Weald Station as a two-way radio operator, under Morse code expert Captain Robert Henry \"Harry\" Tricker. In 1944 Pat joined unit SCU9 and was sent Into war zones where covert communications were required . After the D-Day Allied invasion of Europe in June, with the small mobile unit headed to Normandy under the direction of Tricker who was now a Major, Pat went to Normandy, where he remained until August. He subsequently travelled to Paris, Brussels, Eindhoven, etc. and into Germany, with the same British intelligence services unit, mainly to report German troop movements and to connect 21st Army Group with Secret Intelligence Service field agents and SUSSEX intelligence teams.","At the end of October 1944 he was assigned as a personal operator for an Intelligence officer heading for Nijmegen (Nimeguen) in the Netherlands, and was provided with a double transposition poem cipher (LMT cipher) , which was unprecedented in the Ml6 as radio operating and ciphering were usually separate. [Double transposition was generall y regarded as the most complicated cipher that an agent could operate reliably under difficult field conditions]. At Nijmegen he became involved with the IS9 which was another 'private army' and which organized escape and evasion of Allied troops and breakaways. For a brief time in 1945 he worked with Holland's Bureau of National Security. At the Abbe Museum in Eindhoven, which served as British Intelligence headquarters, he worked for the remainder of the war as chief operator in a Dutch network for cipher de-coding, he being the only English speaking person there. At war's end in Europe, Pat rejoined SCU9 in the British Zone of Germany, sending six months in Rhineland and gaining much insight into the complexities of the utmost secret intelligence operations. After the war Hawker was regarded as an authority on clandestine radio. He became a key figure in British radio and television, and was Vice President of the Radio Society of Great Britain (RSGB) . The Bletchley Park 'Summary of Service' lists John Patrick Hawker with the British Army Royal Signals, working at Hanslope Park and Whaddon Hall in the years 1941-1946, the centers for disseminating Bletchley Park's intelligence reports, situated near Bletchley."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn Patrick Hawker papers, C0275, Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["John Patrick Hawker papers, C0275, Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is unprocessed. Description of collection abstracted from vendor catalog. EAD markup completed by Jordan Patty in August 2015.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Collection is unprocessed. Description of collection abstracted from vendor catalog. EAD markup completed by Jordan Patty in August 2015."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections and Archives also holds an extensive collection of rare books on military intelligence.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Special Collections and Archives also holds an extensive collection of rare books on military intelligence."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSubstantial document archive of significant intelligence content, written and compiled by John Patrick Hawker, British SOE (Special Operations Executive), pertaining to British intelligence, cryptography and clandestine radio in the Second World War. A veritable cornucopia of information in the form of Hawker's personal notes, mainly in manuscript and including a wartime diary kept by him while at Bletchley. Includes later research, interviews, articles, a few letters, and such starting about the time that Bletchley Park's secret operations were made known to the public in the 1970s. The lot concentrating on World War II military intelligence, the devices which served to decipher and transmit confidential data, the organizations and notable individuals dutifully engaged in clandestine communication operations. Together with his biography, written by Steve White in 2008, titled \"A Bit of Controversy: Pat Hawker- A Radio Life.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe manuscript journal was penned from 6 March to 19 June 1944, while at SIS Tattenhoe Camp in Far Bletchley, part of the Bletchley Park network, (a Secret Army Camp at the junction of Whaddon Way and Buckingham Road). Pat Hawker, then 22 years of age, inquisitive, ambitious, and exceptionally proficient in radio communications, describes his wartime experience with the covert establishments of British Intelligence divisions, mainly interaction with Bletchley colleagues, descriptions of the NAAFI, recreational excursions, entertainment, as well as his thoughts on the war as it unfolds. With only cryptic references such as \"Hut E\" of which he names his colleagues, remembering his time at 'H' [Hanslope Park], and working 'night shifts', he is mindful not to record specifics about his training, duties, or achievements, nor anything of the clandestine operations, though some commentary reveals the temptation to do. At the end of the volume a single page consists of a calendar of field assignments made with SCU9 unit to connect the Army with British intelligence agents during the final stages of the war. He travelled from London to Leigh-on-Sea, then Saint-Gabriei-Brécy and Paris, to Brussels then Eindhoven and Helmond in Holland, circling to and fro between these places and others, penetrating Germany in the North Rhine-Westphalia district and arriving at Süchteln approximately the 21st of May 1944, subsequently making his way to Bad Salzuflen, Bad Godesberg [the first major German city to be transferred to Allied forces control without a battle], and the district of Uedorf in the city of Bornheim (near Bonn). Together with a small photograph of 8 men in military uniform, loosely placed inside the volume. 118 pages.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExcerpts from Hawker's wartime diary:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 6th 1944 - Tattenhoe. \"... the next few weeks will see for me and for millions like me - the ending of an era. The shadow has been cast - only the events themselves remain as yet unrevealed...\"\"l am a Lance Corporal in the Royal Corps of Signals engaged on wireless duties ... I, and some of my friends, will most probably be in on the 'Second Front' ... A party of twenty... My guess would be for April 5th. On that date I shall be twenty-two ... To be quite frank I do not particularly want this type of adventure... The Jack of civilized amenities... We may see things in other lands that will make us wonder how we ever tolerated life in dull Bletchley Bucks.\" \"... Tattenhoe Camp. I am writing this in my cubicle E7 ...this chronicle is not only a diary of events but of thoughts and ideas I do not feel bound to keep to the confines of time.\" \"Bletchley is a town of one street... leading up to the Park - that is at the Eight Bells - it wanders on under the railway bridge - past the Chi/tern Library past the dingy snack cafe, the many poor little shops to the Garden Cafe and the Studio Cinema and then meanders into Fenny Stratford... it is peopled by the strange mixture that work at the Park. The wrens, waafs and ats and most superior civil servants and dashing naval officers and slovenly army officers and occasional Americans... Unlike the other small towns in Bucks it cannot retain its own features. It seems to have been swamped by the invading army... All the local inhabitants have a timid frightened look in their eye as though wondering by what grace of God or Mr Griffin the Billeting Officer they are still allowed to retain part of their homes...\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e15 March 1944. \"Russian Events\" \"In Russia an important offensive on the whole of the Southern Front appears to be under way with an immediate objective in the port \u0026amp; base of Nikolaev [Mykolaiv] 20 miles from advancing Russians... With the crossing of this river, Odessa would be directly threatened and a general invasion of Bessarabia possible. Peace convoys from Russia are rumoured to be active in Istanbul following the Finnish-Soviet talks... apparently made little headway... further advance by the Red Army will almost certainly bring about peace talks...\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e22 March 1944. \"World at War [Htl..] has occupied the territory of his ally - Hungary... The seizure has been in Grand style. Regent Horthy the fleetless Admiral was summoned to meet [Htl..] and detained. Troops poured into Budapest at dawn... Spasmodic raids on London continue... In America, pre-Presidential elections activities are already clouding the picture...\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Here a list of personnel in 'Hut E' interjects the chronicle of daily events.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e25 March 1944. \"News from H [Hanslope Park].\" \"... the greatest surprise of the week... Bill Bernard... informed us that he had come to stay and gave us remarkable news of the old unit. This is no place for any discussion of the position there but many of my closest friends in that unit have suddenly been moved due to their 'suppressive' activities. Also caught in the storm were a number of the officers blamed for having allowed discontent to arise. For a long time my friends have been pressing for improved conditions in that camp...\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e31 March 1944. \"The Russian advance continues. Nikolaev has fallen and the Red Army is racing towards Odessa... are within a few miles of Hungary \u0026amp; Czechoslovakia. The German retreat is becoming disordered and reports of disintegration are... [On March 28, 1944 the city was liberated from German control, in part because of Soviet Senior Lieutenant Konstantin F. Olshansky's paratroopers and their daring raid, during which the majority of his troops were killed]\" .... 'The Air Ministry has announced that we have a new fighter. The make and its name are 'official secrets'. But several weeks ago an American magazine article stated that the new Hawker 'Tempest' was being used by the RAF!\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3 April 1944. \"Cycled to Newport Pagnell... Met several of the old crowd Wilt Allen, Dick Draper, Alf Taylor. Heard of several new moves, Jim Roghly to N.W. area, Fred Graham, Wilt Elmore to B ...it is now a place of haunting memories of people whom I have known but now seldom see. The old original fellows who went to H in 1941 - Des Downing, Matt Smith, Les Gorley, Stan Thomas, Peter Camello, Bill Windle, Bill Robertson, Bill Hutchford, Smudger Smith, Gilbert Moss, and many others. What talk did that dimly lit room hear... We were bound together by necessity. The only place in the neighbourhood where food was to be bought. In the days before WVS Canteens [Women's Voluntary Service] ...\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e21 April 1944. 'The period covered by these notes has already been far greater than I had originally anticipated. How much longer before the balloon goes up? I believe that early May will witness the opening of the offensive... the Government withdrew all diplomatic privileges from its representatives of foreign powers - excluding only Russia \u0026amp; the U.S.A... No couriers can enter or leave the country, no coded telegrams... Heavy raids continue... Details of the Navy's use of 'human torpedoes' as long ago as Jan 1943 have just been released... yet another suicide job. Their only hope lies in being taken prisoner, as occurred in the Palmero raid... workers are feeling the strain of 4 1/2 years of ever increasing work and many are ready to strike... Leave in the Army is still suspended.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5 May 1944. 'Tonight at the NAAFI 'X' and I learned that E's posting has come through. She is leaving Wednesday. I am not at all sure that these notes are the right place to discuss the 'E' affairs...\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e13 May 1944. \"... cycle ride to Aylesbury... the opening of 'Salute the Soldier Week'... strange influence of visitors... Glider Pilot Regiment, Crippled Dutch Sailor, Yanks, Polish Air Cadets, woofs from the West Indies, Pilots form Australia, New Zealand and Ceylon, Nursing Auxiliaries, and the Services from all over England Scotland \u0026amp; Wales - all rubbing shoulders with the good people of Bucks...\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e8 June 1944. 'The long drawn out overture has ended. The curtain has gone up. Two days ago, June 6th... Allied command had issued a statement that a new bombing phase had begun... warning the people of occupied Europe... German naval forces were in contact with Allied landing craft. So came D Day... At 9.30 came the official communqiue No. 1 from SHEAEF and statement from Eisenhower... the first reaction was of relief that at last the period of waiting was over. How that period affected us, has, I hope, been shown in these notes... I set out to record pre-invasion England. That England no longer exists... So it is with all major changes in the world... the beginning of a chain of events that slowly encompass us all... Everyone of them whether they cross the channel or stay here in Bletchley.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3 June 1944. 'The preparations as they affect our unit are as complete now as they are ever likely to be. We live then on short notice. /left Bletchley on the 8-1 5 train May 22 \u0026amp; returned by the 5-45 pm on May 24th. I had been home... for a few hours one leads a private life... For those hours one becomes Mr. So and So - Private Citizens. Back in Bletchley I entered an altered existence. For the first time for two \u0026amp; a half years I stopped working on shifts and became a 9 till 5 worker. An immediate result being my time for odd jobs such as writing journals seemed to disappear.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e19 June 1944. \"A few hundred miles to the south fierce fighting... The Americans have succeeded in reaching the West Coast of the Cherbourg peninsula... all reports indicate that - at least in Normandy - the behaviour of the German troops has been 'correct'... they have been accepted by the younger section of the population... the Germans have been sending pilot-less aircraft against London... too early to say how effective this new weapon s likely to be... the layman us inclined to the view that they must be very expensive in man-hours for construction and therefore the attack may dwindle... technical detailed are awaited with keen interest. 01\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEpilogue, written at Minehead, Somerset, 2 July 1944: We left Bletchley 23rd June. We heard of our departure on the 19th - just after writing general notes of the previous pages... most of us went off feeling as though we were going to war - and a few hours later were settling in comfort at St. A Here there is a short memory of events after the last recordings... How am I to round off this diary? I feel that it must stand or fall on what has already been written. It is an account of someone in search of entertainment \u0026amp; a little enlightenment in a country that has been at war for too long. Frankly I have enjoyed these months despite their artificiality. And yet at the same time I have hated them. The war has always been in the background nagging at us... We had a job to do and we did it as well as we were able until the middle of May. We were asked to join a unit that offered little but discomfort... I hate discomfort. I am afraid of danger. I think war is unnecessary and the greatest of man's inhumanity towards man. But I want to see things f or myself. I can only hope that I will always believe in intellect rather than instrument and force.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFive volumes containing a profusion of succinct manuscript short notes penned by Hawker years after the war, dealing with all aspects of intelligence operatives executed not only by the British but others, such as Das Englandspiel (\"The England Game\"), also called Unternehmen Nordpol (Operation North Pole), launched by the German intelligence agency 'Abwehr.' Over and above his \"tech notes\" and pivotal events in the history of Morse code and ciphering, we find the names and roles of numerous intelligence personnel and colleagues, some by this time deceased, including some important figures from Bletchley Park such as Alan Turing (cryptologist, designer of the bomber, 'father of artificial intelligence'), V-2 rocket expert Reginald Victor Jones, and head of SIS (MI6) Sir Richard Gambier-Parry. Also named are Dutch SOE intelligence agents, notable BBC and Radio Londres announcers with pseudonyms and true identities, French Secret Intelligence officers, key Army and Navy leaders relating to clandestine communications, etc. The abundant volumes of data culminate into what appears to be an unpublished work by Hawker titled, \"War in The (A) Ether. Europe 1939-45: Radio Countermeasures in Bomber Command. An Historical Note.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"A Bit of Controversy: Pat Hawker- A Radio Life.\" by Steve White on John Patrick Hawker and a seven page article on Hawker from an unknown source.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Not To Be Published - Reception Sets R.107. General Description and Working Instructions.\" A classified manual issued by British military circa 1942, with 40 pages of text, 10 fold-out plates to illustrate circuit diagrams, components, etc.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBletchley Park News Bulletin, Issue No. 25, March 2002, which highlights an internal breach which resulted in the theft, and subsequent return, of a rare Abwehr Enigma machine. Together with other printed reports on the same incident, and a letter dated 1987 introducing Pat Hawker to a book titled, 'The Unknown War: North China 1937-1945\" by Beijing university professor Michael Lindsay, being his heroic account of constructing a transmitter sufficient to communicate with San Francisco the state of affairs in Communist China, especially with the Yenan Regime. The lot housed in a postmarked envelope addressed to Hawker.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFurther miscellaneous papers including a chart of events, correspondence, book reviews, a map of the Milton Keynes area showing Weald Station, and several notes on British and German intelligence, the lot of a similar nature to the above groupings of data.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn unpublished work titled \"Broadband Communications Link: An Introductory Survey\" by Hawker. 52 pages.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Cryptography Colossus\" in two folders containing numerous articles such as 'Cracking the Ciphers,' 'The Colossus of Bletchley Park,' 'Electronic Cryptography', 'Breaking the Enemy's Code,' 'Enigma,' 'The M209 cipher machine,' 'Privacy and Authentication: An Introduction To Cryptography,' 'Colossus: godfather of the computer,\" 'The Early Models of the Siemens and Halske T52 Cipher Machine,\" and others.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTyped synopsis by Hawker titled \"Clandestine Radio Links of the Second World War (Western Europe)\" 6 pages, accompanied by several pages of related manuscript notes, subjects such as Abwehr Afu equipment, intercept stations for Enigma, certain Bletchley Park personneL and more, contained in an envelope sent from Robert \"Bob\" Hawes of Tottenham in London - WWII pacifist and objector, author of several books on vintage wireless.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA second envelope contains yet more related notes, expounding further on German radio security (Funkabwehr), as well as French Special Services, Yugoslavia SOE. and the Enigma machine. Assortment of manuscript jottings which appear to contain details deciphered by intelligence, dated and occasionally cryptic, for example, \"Intelligence from TR - Col. Barils 2nd B ... setting up of largest Abwehr network in North Africa ... \" Notes on the capture of British radio operators, the fate of other colleagues, and notable events from 1940-1942, also some wireless radio specs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAnnotated typed drafts of articles written by Hawker headed \"Radio Amateurs and World War II\" and \"Clandestine Radio in World War II\" together with manuscript notes mainly dealing with Polish intelligence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNewspaper clippings, a list of headlines in 'The Times' in 1944, manuscript lecture notes, excerpts from published works, information obtained from three visits to the Imperial War Museum Reference Library, a photocopy of a 1950 issue of the 'Mercury' journal of the Royal Signals Amateur Radio Society, the March 1983 issue of \"Amateur Radio\" Magazine featuring a 12 page article by Hawker titled ''The Secrets of Wartime Radio.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eManuscript transcripts of 1980s BBC documentary films \"The Hunger Winter\" which describes the Dutch famine of 1944, \"All the King's Men\" revealing the SOE's Greatest Wartime Disaster, and Part II of 'The Profession of Intelligence\" by historian Dr. Christopher Andrew.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA group of seven copies of his lectures and illustrated publications headed 'Clandestine Radio', most being the same or similar in content, as well as two other articles in the same format.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA grouping of four letters being correspondence between Hawker and V-2 rocket expert R. V . Jones pertaining to the Germans using the Eiffel Tower to send television transmissions during the war. These include three signed letters from Jones, a copy of Hawker's signed manuscript reply letter. Excerpt from Hawker's letter: \": Yes, I can confirm at third hand that there were 44 1-line television transmissions on about 45MHz from the Eiffel Tower from January 1943 until August 16, 1944 intended for German forces in hospitals and soldiers' clubs etc, and that these transmissions were monitored at Beachy Head.\" There is also an additional letter, perhaps by Hawker, on the subject of A.D. Blumlein.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo folders devoted mainly to correspondence with Geoffrey Pigeon, containing several signed letters and just as many SCU newsletters which accompanied them. In 1942 Pigeon worked for Ml6 (Section VIII), was enlisted with the Royal Corps of Signals at Whaddon HaiL and later authored ''The Secret Wireless War\" for which he is famed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFurther war related notes, hand trimmed and pasted into 3 small cardstock booklets, autobiographical and instructional in nature (for field radio agents}, also containing names of colleagues and types of radio equipment.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo folders featuring Hawker's personal wartime accounts Including an autobiographical sketch which includes his important service with SCU9, a description of his arrival in Paris , an insider's perspective of the Ml6 and MI5, further filled with manuscript notes on Russian Clandestine Radio, a calendar of events relating to Czechoslovakia from 1939 to 1942, exposes on sabotages and secret Allied-German collaboration, resistance in Holland, and a timeline history of the Government Code and Cipher School (GC\u0026amp;CS}.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA substantial collection of copied printed material on the German two-way radio system, replete with diagrams and illustration, featuring a German manual for equipment used by their military intelligence division, titled \"Funkgerate des Militarischen Nachrichtendienstes \" and an account on short waves titled \"Die Funkpeilung der Kurzen Wellen.\" Also with information in German dealing with the R-350 and R-350M Russian spy radio sets developed in the former USS R in the mid 1950s, this lot of papers facilitates a technical study of various instruments such as suitcase radios. their mechanical design, specific components, application and efficiency. Together with a letter from a friend enquiring about Eastern Bloc B2 spyset radios.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Substantial document archive of significant intelligence content, written and compiled by John Patrick Hawker, British SOE (Special Operations Executive), pertaining to British intelligence, cryptography and clandestine radio in the Second World War. A veritable cornucopia of information in the form of Hawker's personal notes, mainly in manuscript and including a wartime diary kept by him while at Bletchley. Includes later research, interviews, articles, a few letters, and such starting about the time that Bletchley Park's secret operations were made known to the public in the 1970s. The lot concentrating on World War II military intelligence, the devices which served to decipher and transmit confidential data, the organizations and notable individuals dutifully engaged in clandestine communication operations. Together with his biography, written by Steve White in 2008, titled \"A Bit of Controversy: Pat Hawker- A Radio Life.\"","The manuscript journal was penned from 6 March to 19 June 1944, while at SIS Tattenhoe Camp in Far Bletchley, part of the Bletchley Park network, (a Secret Army Camp at the junction of Whaddon Way and Buckingham Road). Pat Hawker, then 22 years of age, inquisitive, ambitious, and exceptionally proficient in radio communications, describes his wartime experience with the covert establishments of British Intelligence divisions, mainly interaction with Bletchley colleagues, descriptions of the NAAFI, recreational excursions, entertainment, as well as his thoughts on the war as it unfolds. With only cryptic references such as \"Hut E\" of which he names his colleagues, remembering his time at 'H' [Hanslope Park], and working 'night shifts', he is mindful not to record specifics about his training, duties, or achievements, nor anything of the clandestine operations, though some commentary reveals the temptation to do. At the end of the volume a single page consists of a calendar of field assignments made with SCU9 unit to connect the Army with British intelligence agents during the final stages of the war. He travelled from London to Leigh-on-Sea, then Saint-Gabriei-Brécy and Paris, to Brussels then Eindhoven and Helmond in Holland, circling to and fro between these places and others, penetrating Germany in the North Rhine-Westphalia district and arriving at Süchteln approximately the 21st of May 1944, subsequently making his way to Bad Salzuflen, Bad Godesberg [the first major German city to be transferred to Allied forces control without a battle], and the district of Uedorf in the city of Bornheim (near Bonn). Together with a small photograph of 8 men in military uniform, loosely placed inside the volume. 118 pages.","Excerpts from Hawker's wartime diary:","March 6th 1944 - Tattenhoe. \"... the next few weeks will see for me and for millions like me - the ending of an era. The shadow has been cast - only the events themselves remain as yet unrevealed...\"\"l am a Lance Corporal in the Royal Corps of Signals engaged on wireless duties ... I, and some of my friends, will most probably be in on the 'Second Front' ... A party of twenty... My guess would be for April 5th. On that date I shall be twenty-two ... To be quite frank I do not particularly want this type of adventure... The Jack of civilized amenities... We may see things in other lands that will make us wonder how we ever tolerated life in dull Bletchley Bucks.\" \"... Tattenhoe Camp. I am writing this in my cubicle E7 ...this chronicle is not only a diary of events but of thoughts and ideas I do not feel bound to keep to the confines of time.\" \"Bletchley is a town of one street... leading up to the Park - that is at the Eight Bells - it wanders on under the railway bridge - past the Chi/tern Library past the dingy snack cafe, the many poor little shops to the Garden Cafe and the Studio Cinema and then meanders into Fenny Stratford... it is peopled by the strange mixture that work at the Park. The wrens, waafs and ats and most superior civil servants and dashing naval officers and slovenly army officers and occasional Americans... Unlike the other small towns in Bucks it cannot retain its own features. It seems to have been swamped by the invading army... All the local inhabitants have a timid frightened look in their eye as though wondering by what grace of God or Mr Griffin the Billeting Officer they are still allowed to retain part of their homes...\"","15 March 1944. \"Russian Events\" \"In Russia an important offensive on the whole of the Southern Front appears to be under way with an immediate objective in the port \u0026 base of Nikolaev [Mykolaiv] 20 miles from advancing Russians... With the crossing of this river, Odessa would be directly threatened and a general invasion of Bessarabia possible. Peace convoys from Russia are rumoured to be active in Istanbul following the Finnish-Soviet talks... apparently made little headway... further advance by the Red Army will almost certainly bring about peace talks...\"","22 March 1944. \"World at War [Htl..] has occupied the territory of his ally - Hungary... The seizure has been in Grand style. Regent Horthy the fleetless Admiral was summoned to meet [Htl..] and detained. Troops poured into Budapest at dawn... Spasmodic raids on London continue... In America, pre-Presidential elections activities are already clouding the picture...\"","[Here a list of personnel in 'Hut E' interjects the chronicle of daily events.]","25 March 1944. \"News from H [Hanslope Park].\" \"... the greatest surprise of the week... Bill Bernard... informed us that he had come to stay and gave us remarkable news of the old unit. This is no place for any discussion of the position there but many of my closest friends in that unit have suddenly been moved due to their 'suppressive' activities. Also caught in the storm were a number of the officers blamed for having allowed discontent to arise. For a long time my friends have been pressing for improved conditions in that camp...\"","31 March 1944. \"The Russian advance continues. Nikolaev has fallen and the Red Army is racing towards Odessa... are within a few miles of Hungary \u0026 Czechoslovakia. The German retreat is becoming disordered and reports of disintegration are... [On March 28, 1944 the city was liberated from German control, in part because of Soviet Senior Lieutenant Konstantin F. Olshansky's paratroopers and their daring raid, during which the majority of his troops were killed]\" .... 'The Air Ministry has announced that we have a new fighter. The make and its name are 'official secrets'. But several weeks ago an American magazine article stated that the new Hawker 'Tempest' was being used by the RAF!\"","3 April 1944. \"Cycled to Newport Pagnell... Met several of the old crowd Wilt Allen, Dick Draper, Alf Taylor. Heard of several new moves, Jim Roghly to N.W. area, Fred Graham, Wilt Elmore to B ...it is now a place of haunting memories of people whom I have known but now seldom see. The old original fellows who went to H in 1941 - Des Downing, Matt Smith, Les Gorley, Stan Thomas, Peter Camello, Bill Windle, Bill Robertson, Bill Hutchford, Smudger Smith, Gilbert Moss, and many others. What talk did that dimly lit room hear... We were bound together by necessity. The only place in the neighbourhood where food was to be bought. In the days before WVS Canteens [Women's Voluntary Service] ...\"","21 April 1944. 'The period covered by these notes has already been far greater than I had originally anticipated. How much longer before the balloon goes up? I believe that early May will witness the opening of the offensive... the Government withdrew all diplomatic privileges from its representatives of foreign powers - excluding only Russia \u0026 the U.S.A... No couriers can enter or leave the country, no coded telegrams... Heavy raids continue... Details of the Navy's use of 'human torpedoes' as long ago as Jan 1943 have just been released... yet another suicide job. Their only hope lies in being taken prisoner, as occurred in the Palmero raid... workers are feeling the strain of 4 1/2 years of ever increasing work and many are ready to strike... Leave in the Army is still suspended.","5 May 1944. 'Tonight at the NAAFI 'X' and I learned that E's posting has come through. She is leaving Wednesday. I am not at all sure that these notes are the right place to discuss the 'E' affairs...\"","13 May 1944. \"... cycle ride to Aylesbury... the opening of 'Salute the Soldier Week'... strange influence of visitors... Glider Pilot Regiment, Crippled Dutch Sailor, Yanks, Polish Air Cadets, woofs from the West Indies, Pilots form Australia, New Zealand and Ceylon, Nursing Auxiliaries, and the Services from all over England Scotland \u0026 Wales - all rubbing shoulders with the good people of Bucks...\"","8 June 1944. 'The long drawn out overture has ended. The curtain has gone up. Two days ago, June 6th... Allied command had issued a statement that a new bombing phase had begun... warning the people of occupied Europe... German naval forces were in contact with Allied landing craft. So came D Day... At 9.30 came the official communqiue No. 1 from SHEAEF and statement from Eisenhower... the first reaction was of relief that at last the period of waiting was over. How that period affected us, has, I hope, been shown in these notes... I set out to record pre-invasion England. That England no longer exists... So it is with all major changes in the world... the beginning of a chain of events that slowly encompass us all... Everyone of them whether they cross the channel or stay here in Bletchley.\"","3 June 1944. 'The preparations as they affect our unit are as complete now as they are ever likely to be. We live then on short notice. /left Bletchley on the 8-1 5 train May 22 \u0026 returned by the 5-45 pm on May 24th. I had been home... for a few hours one leads a private life... For those hours one becomes Mr. So and So - Private Citizens. Back in Bletchley I entered an altered existence. For the first time for two \u0026 a half years I stopped working on shifts and became a 9 till 5 worker. An immediate result being my time for odd jobs such as writing journals seemed to disappear.\"","19 June 1944. \"A few hundred miles to the south fierce fighting... The Americans have succeeded in reaching the West Coast of the Cherbourg peninsula... all reports indicate that - at least in Normandy - the behaviour of the German troops has been 'correct'... they have been accepted by the younger section of the population... the Germans have been sending pilot-less aircraft against London... too early to say how effective this new weapon s likely to be... the layman us inclined to the view that they must be very expensive in man-hours for construction and therefore the attack may dwindle... technical detailed are awaited with keen interest. 01","Epilogue, written at Minehead, Somerset, 2 July 1944: We left Bletchley 23rd June. We heard of our departure on the 19th - just after writing general notes of the previous pages... most of us went off feeling as though we were going to war - and a few hours later were settling in comfort at St. A Here there is a short memory of events after the last recordings... How am I to round off this diary? I feel that it must stand or fall on what has already been written. It is an account of someone in search of entertainment \u0026 a little enlightenment in a country that has been at war for too long. Frankly I have enjoyed these months despite their artificiality. And yet at the same time I have hated them. The war has always been in the background nagging at us... We had a job to do and we did it as well as we were able until the middle of May. We were asked to join a unit that offered little but discomfort... I hate discomfort. I am afraid of danger. I think war is unnecessary and the greatest of man's inhumanity towards man. But I want to see things f or myself. I can only hope that I will always believe in intellect rather than instrument and force.","Five volumes containing a profusion of succinct manuscript short notes penned by Hawker years after the war, dealing with all aspects of intelligence operatives executed not only by the British but others, such as Das Englandspiel (\"The England Game\"), also called Unternehmen Nordpol (Operation North Pole), launched by the German intelligence agency 'Abwehr.' Over and above his \"tech notes\" and pivotal events in the history of Morse code and ciphering, we find the names and roles of numerous intelligence personnel and colleagues, some by this time deceased, including some important figures from Bletchley Park such as Alan Turing (cryptologist, designer of the bomber, 'father of artificial intelligence'), V-2 rocket expert Reginald Victor Jones, and head of SIS (MI6) Sir Richard Gambier-Parry. Also named are Dutch SOE intelligence agents, notable BBC and Radio Londres announcers with pseudonyms and true identities, French Secret Intelligence officers, key Army and Navy leaders relating to clandestine communications, etc. The abundant volumes of data culminate into what appears to be an unpublished work by Hawker titled, \"War in The (A) Ether. Europe 1939-45: Radio Countermeasures in Bomber Command. An Historical Note.\"","\"A Bit of Controversy: Pat Hawker- A Radio Life.\" by Steve White on John Patrick Hawker and a seven page article on Hawker from an unknown source.","\"Not To Be Published - Reception Sets R.107. General Description and Working Instructions.\" A classified manual issued by British military circa 1942, with 40 pages of text, 10 fold-out plates to illustrate circuit diagrams, components, etc.","Bletchley Park News Bulletin, Issue No. 25, March 2002, which highlights an internal breach which resulted in the theft, and subsequent return, of a rare Abwehr Enigma machine. Together with other printed reports on the same incident, and a letter dated 1987 introducing Pat Hawker to a book titled, 'The Unknown War: North China 1937-1945\" by Beijing university professor Michael Lindsay, being his heroic account of constructing a transmitter sufficient to communicate with San Francisco the state of affairs in Communist China, especially with the Yenan Regime. The lot housed in a postmarked envelope addressed to Hawker.","Further miscellaneous papers including a chart of events, correspondence, book reviews, a map of the Milton Keynes area showing Weald Station, and several notes on British and German intelligence, the lot of a similar nature to the above groupings of data.","An unpublished work titled \"Broadband Communications Link: An Introductory Survey\" by Hawker. 52 pages.","\"Cryptography Colossus\" in two folders containing numerous articles such as 'Cracking the Ciphers,' 'The Colossus of Bletchley Park,' 'Electronic Cryptography', 'Breaking the Enemy's Code,' 'Enigma,' 'The M209 cipher machine,' 'Privacy and Authentication: An Introduction To Cryptography,' 'Colossus: godfather of the computer,\" 'The Early Models of the Siemens and Halske T52 Cipher Machine,\" and others.","Typed synopsis by Hawker titled \"Clandestine Radio Links of the Second World War (Western Europe)\" 6 pages, accompanied by several pages of related manuscript notes, subjects such as Abwehr Afu equipment, intercept stations for Enigma, certain Bletchley Park personneL and more, contained in an envelope sent from Robert \"Bob\" Hawes of Tottenham in London - WWII pacifist and objector, author of several books on vintage wireless.","A second envelope contains yet more related notes, expounding further on German radio security (Funkabwehr), as well as French Special Services, Yugoslavia SOE. and the Enigma machine. Assortment of manuscript jottings which appear to contain details deciphered by intelligence, dated and occasionally cryptic, for example, \"Intelligence from TR - Col. Barils 2nd B ... setting up of largest Abwehr network in North Africa ... \" Notes on the capture of British radio operators, the fate of other colleagues, and notable events from 1940-1942, also some wireless radio specs.","Annotated typed drafts of articles written by Hawker headed \"Radio Amateurs and World War II\" and \"Clandestine Radio in World War II\" together with manuscript notes mainly dealing with Polish intelligence.","Newspaper clippings, a list of headlines in 'The Times' in 1944, manuscript lecture notes, excerpts from published works, information obtained from three visits to the Imperial War Museum Reference Library, a photocopy of a 1950 issue of the 'Mercury' journal of the Royal Signals Amateur Radio Society, the March 1983 issue of \"Amateur Radio\" Magazine featuring a 12 page article by Hawker titled ''The Secrets of Wartime Radio.\"","Manuscript transcripts of 1980s BBC documentary films \"The Hunger Winter\" which describes the Dutch famine of 1944, \"All the King's Men\" revealing the SOE's Greatest Wartime Disaster, and Part II of 'The Profession of Intelligence\" by historian Dr. Christopher Andrew.","A group of seven copies of his lectures and illustrated publications headed 'Clandestine Radio', most being the same or similar in content, as well as two other articles in the same format.","A grouping of four letters being correspondence between Hawker and V-2 rocket expert R. V . Jones pertaining to the Germans using the Eiffel Tower to send television transmissions during the war. These include three signed letters from Jones, a copy of Hawker's signed manuscript reply letter. Excerpt from Hawker's letter: \": Yes, I can confirm at third hand that there were 44 1-line television transmissions on about 45MHz from the Eiffel Tower from January 1943 until August 16, 1944 intended for German forces in hospitals and soldiers' clubs etc, and that these transmissions were monitored at Beachy Head.\" There is also an additional letter, perhaps by Hawker, on the subject of A.D. Blumlein.","","Two folders devoted mainly to correspondence with Geoffrey Pigeon, containing several signed letters and just as many SCU newsletters which accompanied them. In 1942 Pigeon worked for Ml6 (Section VIII), was enlisted with the Royal Corps of Signals at Whaddon HaiL and later authored ''The Secret Wireless War\" for which he is famed.","Further war related notes, hand trimmed and pasted into 3 small cardstock booklets, autobiographical and instructional in nature (for field radio agents}, also containing names of colleagues and types of radio equipment.","Two folders featuring Hawker's personal wartime accounts Including an autobiographical sketch which includes his important service with SCU9, a description of his arrival in Paris , an insider's perspective of the Ml6 and MI5, further filled with manuscript notes on Russian Clandestine Radio, a calendar of events relating to Czechoslovakia from 1939 to 1942, exposes on sabotages and secret Allied-German collaboration, resistance in Holland, and a timeline history of the Government Code and Cipher School (GC\u0026CS}.","A substantial collection of copied printed material on the German two-way radio system, replete with diagrams and illustration, featuring a German manual for equipment used by their military intelligence division, titled \"Funkgerate des Militarischen Nachrichtendienstes \" and an account on short waves titled \"Die Funkpeilung der Kurzen Wellen.\" Also with information in German dealing with the R-350 and R-350M Russian spy radio sets developed in the former USS R in the mid 1950s, this lot of papers facilitates a technical study of various instruments such as suitcase radios. their mechanical design, specific components, application and efficiency. Together with a letter from a friend enquiring about Eastern Bloc B2 spyset radios."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the John Patrick Hawker papers must be obtained from Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions on personal use. Permission to publish material from the John Patrick Hawker papers must be obtained from Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"ref40\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eSubstantial document archive of significant intelligence content, written and compiled by John Patrick Hawker, British SOE (Special Operations Executive), pertaining to British intelligence, cryptography and clandestine radio in the Second World War.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Substantial document archive of significant intelligence content, written and compiled by John Patrick Hawker, British SOE (Special Operations Executive), pertaining to British intelligence, cryptography and clandestine radio in the Second World War."],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections \u0026 Archives","Hawker, John Patrick"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. 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Jackson papers","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_545#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Jackson, Ray A., Jr., 1925-2013","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_545#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSeries 1: Correspondence\u003c/strong\u003e Correspondence from Ray Jackson home while stationed in Europe, covering the years 1944-1946. A few early 1946 letters are mistakenly dated 1945. Letters are addressed to his mother, father and/or brother. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_545#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_545","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_545","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_545","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_545","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_545.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Jackson, Ray A., Papers","title_ssm":["Ray A. Jackson papers"],"title_tesim":["Ray A. Jackson papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1944-2011"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1944-2011"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 500","/repositories/5/resources/545"],"text":["M 500","/repositories/5/resources/545","Ray A. Jackson papers","World War, 1939-1945.","Collection is open to research. 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Jackson stayed busy in his retirement, serving as a consultant, and later as an appointed member of the Waterworks Advisory Committee of the Virginia Department of Health. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJackson was a lifelong Episcopalian, and was very involved in the activities of his church, St. Thomas's in Ginter Park. He led the food service work for the Food Pantry at St. Thomas, providing food in large quantities to those who need it most. In 2013, the food pantry was serving approximately 70 households a week, and Jackson was rightfully proud of his work in this area, and well respected for it. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRay Jackson passed away at the age of 88 on November 4, 2013\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Ray Arthur Jackson was born in 1925 in Evanston Illinois. His father, also named Ray, was a member of the United States Army Corps of Engineers. In 1941, the family moved to Norfolk, Virginia, where Jackson graduated from Maury High School in 1943. Anticipating an appointment to the United States Military Academy at West Point, Ray spent the next nine months at Millard West Point Preparatory School in Washington, D.C. preparing for the Academy's entrance exam. Unfortunately for Jackson, after obtaining the appointment and passing his written exams, he was disqualified from attending West Point by his physical exams, failing the blood pressure test three times. After this great disappointment, Ray enlisted directly into the Army despite his earlier high blood pressure. Jackson was assigned to Fort Croft, SC, for training where he learned the ins and outs of Army life. After 5 months in South Carolina, Jackson reported to Fort Meade, fully qualified for Rifleman, Military Occupational Specialist 745. On January 3, 1945, Jackson embarked for France, arriving in Le Havre on 15 January where he got his first exposure to the toll the war was taking on European towns and cities. He served in Europe until July 1946, and received the Bronze Star for his service. ","Upon returning to civilian life, Jackson married his sweetheart Anne in June 1950. They would remain married until her death. The couple had no children, but had numerous nephews and nieces. Jackson studied civil engineering, graduating from Virginia Tech in 1950. He spent most of his career working for the City of Richmond, retiring as the Chief of Utility Operations for the Department of Public Operations in 1987. The Ray A. Jackson scholarship is awarded annually in his honor by the Virginia section of the American Water Works Association. Jackson stayed busy in his retirement, serving as a consultant, and later as an appointed member of the Waterworks Advisory Committee of the Virginia Department of Health. ","Jackson was a lifelong Episcopalian, and was very involved in the activities of his church, St. Thomas's in Ginter Park. He led the food service work for the Food Pantry at St. Thomas, providing food in large quantities to those who need it most. In 2013, the food pantry was serving approximately 70 households a week, and Jackson was rightfully proud of his work in this area, and well respected for it. ","Ray Jackson passed away at the age of 88 on November 4, 2013"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBox/folder, Ray A. Jackson papers, M500, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University , Accession # 2014.09.04, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Box/folder, Ray A. Jackson papers, M500, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University , Accession # 2014.09.04, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection processed in 2015\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Collection processed in 2015"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 1: Correspondence\u003c/emph\u003e Correspondence from Ray Jackson home while stationed in Europe, covering the years 1944-1946. A few early 1946 letters are mistakenly dated 1945. Letters are addressed to his mother, father and/or brother. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 2: Photographs.\u003c/emph\u003e Includes photographs from Jackson's time in the Army during WWII and the Richmond City Public Works.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 3: Printed.\u003c/emph\u003e Includes a memoir primarily concerned with Jackson's WWII experience. It details his childhood, training at a military school in preparation for admittance into West Point, his time in Europe as a GI, and his experiences in France while still in the military in post-war Europe.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 4: Awards.\u003c/emph\u003e Awards given to Jackson during his career.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Series 1: Correspondence  Correspondence from Ray Jackson home while stationed in Europe, covering the years 1944-1946. A few early 1946 letters are mistakenly dated 1945. Letters are addressed to his mother, father and/or brother. ","Series 2: Photographs.  Includes photographs from Jackson's time in the Army during WWII and the Richmond City Public Works.","Series 3: Printed.  Includes a memoir primarily concerned with Jackson's WWII experience. It details his childhood, training at a military school in preparation for admittance into West Point, his time in Europe as a GI, and his experiences in France while still in the military in post-war Europe.","Series 4: Awards.  Awards given to Jackson during his career."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_coll_ssim":["Richmond (Va.). Department of Public Works","Jackson, Ray A., Jr., 1925-2013","Jackson, Ray A., Jr., 1925-2013"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Richmond (Va.). Department of Public Works","Jackson, Ray A., Jr., 1925-2013"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Richmond (Va.). Department of Public Works"],"persname_ssim":["Jackson, Ray A., Jr., 1925-2013"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":14,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T04:34:30.260Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_545","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_545","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_545","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_545","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_545.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Jackson, Ray A., Papers","title_ssm":["Ray A. Jackson papers"],"title_tesim":["Ray A. Jackson papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1944-2011"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1944-2011"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 500","/repositories/5/resources/545"],"text":["M 500","/repositories/5/resources/545","Ray A. Jackson papers","World War, 1939-1945.","Collection is open to research. Due to the fragile nature of some pieces of correspondence, the fragile pieces have been removed for preservation. Photocopies of the originals have been put in their proper location for use.","The Ray A. Jackson, Jr. papers are divided into four series. Series 1, Correspondence, contains each year's correspondence in a separate folder. The materials are arranged chronologically within each folder. Folder 1:5 contains originals of fragile correspondence that have been photocopied; the folder is restricted. Photocopies have been placed in their proper place for use, and the fragile materials removed to a restricted folder for preservation purposes. ","  Series 2, Photographs, which includes loose photographs and photographs in scrapbooks, follow the original arrangement within their respective folders or scrapbook. Series 3, Published materials, are arranged alphabetically. Oversized items are in a flat box. Series 4, Awards are arranged alphabetically.","Ray Arthur Jackson was born in 1925 in Evanston Illinois. His father, also named Ray, was a member of the United States Army Corps of Engineers. In 1941, the family moved to Norfolk, Virginia, where Jackson graduated from Maury High School in 1943. Anticipating an appointment to the United States Military Academy at West Point, Ray spent the next nine months at Millard West Point Preparatory School in Washington, D.C. preparing for the Academy's entrance exam. Unfortunately for Jackson, after obtaining the appointment and passing his written exams, he was disqualified from attending West Point by his physical exams, failing the blood pressure test three times. After this great disappointment, Ray enlisted directly into the Army despite his earlier high blood pressure. Jackson was assigned to Fort Croft, SC, for training where he learned the ins and outs of Army life. After 5 months in South Carolina, Jackson reported to Fort Meade, fully qualified for Rifleman, Military Occupational Specialist 745. On January 3, 1945, Jackson embarked for France, arriving in Le Havre on 15 January where he got his first exposure to the toll the war was taking on European towns and cities. He served in Europe until July 1946, and received the Bronze Star for his service. ","Upon returning to civilian life, Jackson married his sweetheart Anne in June 1950. They would remain married until her death. The couple had no children, but had numerous nephews and nieces. Jackson studied civil engineering, graduating from Virginia Tech in 1950. He spent most of his career working for the City of Richmond, retiring as the Chief of Utility Operations for the Department of Public Operations in 1987. The Ray A. Jackson scholarship is awarded annually in his honor by the Virginia section of the American Water Works Association. Jackson stayed busy in his retirement, serving as a consultant, and later as an appointed member of the Waterworks Advisory Committee of the Virginia Department of Health. ","Jackson was a lifelong Episcopalian, and was very involved in the activities of his church, St. Thomas's in Ginter Park. He led the food service work for the Food Pantry at St. Thomas, providing food in large quantities to those who need it most. In 2013, the food pantry was serving approximately 70 households a week, and Jackson was rightfully proud of his work in this area, and well respected for it. ","Ray Jackson passed away at the age of 88 on November 4, 2013","Collection processed in 2015","Series 1: Correspondence  Correspondence from Ray Jackson home while stationed in Europe, covering the years 1944-1946. A few early 1946 letters are mistakenly dated 1945. Letters are addressed to his mother, father and/or brother. ","Series 2: Photographs.  Includes photographs from Jackson's time in the Army during WWII and the Richmond City Public Works.","Series 3: Printed.  Includes a memoir primarily concerned with Jackson's WWII experience. It details his childhood, training at a military school in preparation for admittance into West Point, his time in Europe as a GI, and his experiences in France while still in the military in post-war Europe.","Series 4: Awards.  Awards given to Jackson during his career.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Richmond (Va.). Department of Public Works","Jackson, Ray A., Jr., 1925-2013","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["M 500","/repositories/5/resources/545"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ray A. Jackson papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Ray A. Jackson papers"],"collection_ssim":["Ray A. Jackson papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Jackson, Ray A., Jr., 1925-2013"],"creator_ssim":["Jackson, Ray A., Jr., 1925-2013"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Jackson, Ray A., Jr., 1925-2013"],"creators_ssim":["Jackson, Ray A., Jr., 1925-2013"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Corinne F. Dorsey in September 2014"],"access_subjects_ssim":["World War, 1939-1945."],"access_subjects_ssm":["World War, 1939-1945."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.89 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["0.89 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research. Due to the fragile nature of some pieces of correspondence, the fragile pieces have been removed for preservation. Photocopies of the originals have been put in their proper location for use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research. Due to the fragile nature of some pieces of correspondence, the fragile pieces have been removed for preservation. Photocopies of the originals have been put in their proper location for use."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Ray A. Jackson, Jr. papers are divided into four series. Series 1, Correspondence, contains each year's correspondence in a separate folder. The materials are arranged chronologically within each folder. Folder 1:5 contains originals of fragile correspondence that have been photocopied; the folder is restricted. Photocopies have been placed in their proper place for use, and the fragile materials removed to a restricted folder for preservation purposes. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Series 2, Photographs, which includes loose photographs and photographs in scrapbooks, follow the original arrangement within their respective folders or scrapbook. Series 3, Published materials, are arranged alphabetically. Oversized items are in a flat box. Series 4, Awards are arranged alphabetically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Ray A. Jackson, Jr. papers are divided into four series. Series 1, Correspondence, contains each year's correspondence in a separate folder. The materials are arranged chronologically within each folder. Folder 1:5 contains originals of fragile correspondence that have been photocopied; the folder is restricted. Photocopies have been placed in their proper place for use, and the fragile materials removed to a restricted folder for preservation purposes. ","  Series 2, Photographs, which includes loose photographs and photographs in scrapbooks, follow the original arrangement within their respective folders or scrapbook. Series 3, Published materials, are arranged alphabetically. Oversized items are in a flat box. Series 4, Awards are arranged alphabetically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRay Arthur Jackson was born in 1925 in Evanston Illinois. His father, also named Ray, was a member of the United States Army Corps of Engineers. In 1941, the family moved to Norfolk, Virginia, where Jackson graduated from Maury High School in 1943. Anticipating an appointment to the United States Military Academy at West Point, Ray spent the next nine months at Millard West Point Preparatory School in Washington, D.C. preparing for the Academy's entrance exam. Unfortunately for Jackson, after obtaining the appointment and passing his written exams, he was disqualified from attending West Point by his physical exams, failing the blood pressure test three times. After this great disappointment, Ray enlisted directly into the Army despite his earlier high blood pressure. Jackson was assigned to Fort Croft, SC, for training where he learned the ins and outs of Army life. After 5 months in South Carolina, Jackson reported to Fort Meade, fully qualified for Rifleman, Military Occupational Specialist 745. On January 3, 1945, Jackson embarked for France, arriving in Le Havre on 15 January where he got his first exposure to the toll the war was taking on European towns and cities. He served in Europe until July 1946, and received the Bronze Star for his service. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUpon returning to civilian life, Jackson married his sweetheart Anne in June 1950. They would remain married until her death. The couple had no children, but had numerous nephews and nieces. Jackson studied civil engineering, graduating from Virginia Tech in 1950. He spent most of his career working for the City of Richmond, retiring as the Chief of Utility Operations for the Department of Public Operations in 1987. The Ray A. Jackson scholarship is awarded annually in his honor by the Virginia section of the American Water Works Association. Jackson stayed busy in his retirement, serving as a consultant, and later as an appointed member of the Waterworks Advisory Committee of the Virginia Department of Health. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJackson was a lifelong Episcopalian, and was very involved in the activities of his church, St. Thomas's in Ginter Park. He led the food service work for the Food Pantry at St. Thomas, providing food in large quantities to those who need it most. In 2013, the food pantry was serving approximately 70 households a week, and Jackson was rightfully proud of his work in this area, and well respected for it. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRay Jackson passed away at the age of 88 on November 4, 2013\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Ray Arthur Jackson was born in 1925 in Evanston Illinois. His father, also named Ray, was a member of the United States Army Corps of Engineers. In 1941, the family moved to Norfolk, Virginia, where Jackson graduated from Maury High School in 1943. Anticipating an appointment to the United States Military Academy at West Point, Ray spent the next nine months at Millard West Point Preparatory School in Washington, D.C. preparing for the Academy's entrance exam. Unfortunately for Jackson, after obtaining the appointment and passing his written exams, he was disqualified from attending West Point by his physical exams, failing the blood pressure test three times. After this great disappointment, Ray enlisted directly into the Army despite his earlier high blood pressure. Jackson was assigned to Fort Croft, SC, for training where he learned the ins and outs of Army life. After 5 months in South Carolina, Jackson reported to Fort Meade, fully qualified for Rifleman, Military Occupational Specialist 745. On January 3, 1945, Jackson embarked for France, arriving in Le Havre on 15 January where he got his first exposure to the toll the war was taking on European towns and cities. He served in Europe until July 1946, and received the Bronze Star for his service. ","Upon returning to civilian life, Jackson married his sweetheart Anne in June 1950. They would remain married until her death. The couple had no children, but had numerous nephews and nieces. Jackson studied civil engineering, graduating from Virginia Tech in 1950. He spent most of his career working for the City of Richmond, retiring as the Chief of Utility Operations for the Department of Public Operations in 1987. The Ray A. Jackson scholarship is awarded annually in his honor by the Virginia section of the American Water Works Association. Jackson stayed busy in his retirement, serving as a consultant, and later as an appointed member of the Waterworks Advisory Committee of the Virginia Department of Health. ","Jackson was a lifelong Episcopalian, and was very involved in the activities of his church, St. Thomas's in Ginter Park. He led the food service work for the Food Pantry at St. Thomas, providing food in large quantities to those who need it most. In 2013, the food pantry was serving approximately 70 households a week, and Jackson was rightfully proud of his work in this area, and well respected for it. ","Ray Jackson passed away at the age of 88 on November 4, 2013"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBox/folder, Ray A. Jackson papers, M500, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University , Accession # 2014.09.04, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Box/folder, Ray A. Jackson papers, M500, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University , Accession # 2014.09.04, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection processed in 2015\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Collection processed in 2015"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 1: Correspondence\u003c/emph\u003e Correspondence from Ray Jackson home while stationed in Europe, covering the years 1944-1946. A few early 1946 letters are mistakenly dated 1945. Letters are addressed to his mother, father and/or brother. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 2: Photographs.\u003c/emph\u003e Includes photographs from Jackson's time in the Army during WWII and the Richmond City Public Works.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 3: Printed.\u003c/emph\u003e Includes a memoir primarily concerned with Jackson's WWII experience. It details his childhood, training at a military school in preparation for admittance into West Point, his time in Europe as a GI, and his experiences in France while still in the military in post-war Europe.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries 4: Awards.\u003c/emph\u003e Awards given to Jackson during his career.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Series 1: Correspondence  Correspondence from Ray Jackson home while stationed in Europe, covering the years 1944-1946. A few early 1946 letters are mistakenly dated 1945. Letters are addressed to his mother, father and/or brother. ","Series 2: Photographs.  Includes photographs from Jackson's time in the Army during WWII and the Richmond City Public Works.","Series 3: Printed.  Includes a memoir primarily concerned with Jackson's WWII experience. It details his childhood, training at a military school in preparation for admittance into West Point, his time in Europe as a GI, and his experiences in France while still in the military in post-war Europe.","Series 4: Awards.  Awards given to Jackson during his career."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_coll_ssim":["Richmond (Va.). Department of Public Works","Jackson, Ray A., Jr., 1925-2013","Jackson, Ray A., Jr., 1925-2013"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Richmond (Va.). Department of Public Works","Jackson, Ray A., Jr., 1925-2013"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Richmond (Va.). Department of Public Works"],"persname_ssim":["Jackson, Ray A., Jr., 1925-2013"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":14,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T04:34:30.260Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_545"}},{"id":"viw_viw00148","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Title:: Blizzard Family Papers\n\t1930-19491942-1945","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_viw00148#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Blizzard, Arlie Raymond, 1909-1966 Blizzard, Arthur Roy, 1918-1992 Blizzard, William Russell, 1912-2000","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_viw00148#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Correspondence, papers, and a photograph concerning three Franklin, West Virginia brothers who served in the United States military during the Second World War. Collection consists of nearly 200 letters of outgoing correspondence penned by three brothers, Arlie, Arthur, and W. Russell Blizzard to their mother and sisters in Franklin, West Virginia. Most correspondence concerns training, work, and soldier life on military bases in the United States during World War II. Also included is Arlie Blizzard's visit to Japan and Korea in late 1945. Collection also contains a few pre and post-war letters and school papers.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_viw00148#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_viw00148","ead_ssi":"viw_viw00148","_root_":"viw_viw00148","_nest_parent_":"viw_viw00148","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/wm/viw00148.xml","title_ssm":["Title:: Blizzard Family Papers\n\t1930-19491942-1945"],"title_tesim":["Title:: Blizzard Family Papers\n\t1930-19491942-1945"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["01/Mss. Acc. 2007.28"],"text":["01/Mss. Acc. 2007.28","Title:: Blizzard Family Papers\n\t1930-19491942-1945","World War, 1939-1945--Pacific Front","World War, 1939-1945.","Certificates","Correspondence","Photographs","Collection is open to all researchers.","Arlie Raymond Blizzard (17 Sept. 1909 - 20 Oct. 1966) of Franklin, West Virginia and son of Granville Harris (1874-1934) and Sarah Jane Dahmer Blizzard, enlisted in the United States Army in 1940. In mid 1942, as First Sergeant, he was assigned to Camp Forrest, Tennessee. In the fall of 1942 he moved to army bases in Maryland, Virginia, and North Carolina. In 1943 he was promoted to the rank of First Lieutenant and was assigned to various bases in the western United States; including bases in Montana, Oregon, and Washington. Throughout 1944 and early 1945 he was stationed in Hawaii. He spent July and August 1945 in the Pacific, part of it at Okinawa, Japan, and later at a base in Korea. As a Captain, in late December 1945 Blizzard was honorably discharged and returned home to West Virginia. Blizzard died at Rockingham, Virginia in 1966.","Processed by Zach Jones in 2007.","Correspondence, papers, and a photograph concerning three Franklin, West Virginia brothers who served in the United States military during the Second World War. Collection consists of nearly 200 letters of outgoing correspondence penned by three brothers, Arlie, Arthur, and W. Russell Blizzard to their mother and sisters in Franklin, West Virginia. Most correspondence concerns training, work, and soldier life on military bases in the United States during World War II. Also included is Arlie Blizzard's visit to Japan and Korea in late 1945. Collection also contains a few pre and post-war letters and school papers.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Correspondence, papers, and a photograph concerning three Franklin, West Virginia brothers who served in the United States military during the Second World War. Collection consists of nearly 200 letters of outgoing correspondence penned by three brothers, Arlie, Arthur, and W. Russell Blizzard to their mother and sisters in Franklin, West Virginia. Most correspondence concerns training, work, and soldier life on military bases in the United States during World War II. Also included is Arlie Blizzard's visit to Japan and Korea in late 1945. Collection also contains a few pre and post-war letters and school papers.","Special Collections Research Center","Blizzard, Arlie Raymond, 1909-1966","Blizzard, Arthur Roy, 1918-1992","Blizzard, William Russell, 1912-2000","\n\t  The papers are in:\n English"],"unitid_tesim":["01/Mss. Acc. 2007.28"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Title:: Blizzard Family Papers\n\t1930-19491942-1945"],"collection_title_tesim":["Title:: Blizzard Family Papers\n\t1930-19491942-1945"],"collection_ssim":["Title:: Blizzard Family Papers\n\t1930-19491942-1945"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"creator_ssm":["Blizzard, Arlie Raymond, 1909-1966 Blizzard, Arthur Roy, 1918-1992 Blizzard, William Russell, 1912-2000"],"creator_ssim":["Blizzard, Arlie Raymond, 1909-1966 Blizzard, Arthur Roy, 1918-1992 Blizzard, William Russell, 1912-2000"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Blizzard, Arlie Raymond, 1909-1966","Blizzard, Arthur Roy, 1918-1992","Blizzard, William Russell, 1912-2000"],"creators_ssim":["Blizzard, Arlie Raymond, 1909-1966","Blizzard, Arthur Roy, 1918-1992","Blizzard, William Russell, 1912-2000"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The materials were acquired by Special Collections Research Center from eBay on 04/01/2007."],"access_subjects_ssim":["World War, 1939-1945--Pacific Front","World War, 1939-1945.","Certificates","Correspondence","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["World War, 1939-1945--Pacific Front","World War, 1939-1945.","Certificates","Correspondence","Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["211.00"],"extent_tesim":["211.00"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArlie Raymond Blizzard (17 Sept. 1909 - 20 Oct. 1966) of Franklin, West Virginia and son of Granville Harris (1874-1934) and Sarah Jane Dahmer Blizzard, enlisted in the United States Army in 1940. In mid 1942, as First Sergeant, he was assigned to Camp Forrest, Tennessee. In the fall of 1942 he moved to army bases in Maryland, Virginia, and North Carolina. In 1943 he was promoted to the rank of First Lieutenant and was assigned to various bases in the western United States; including bases in Montana, Oregon, and Washington. Throughout 1944 and early 1945 he was stationed in Hawaii. He spent July and August 1945 in the Pacific, part of it at Okinawa, Japan, and later at a base in Korea. As a Captain, in late December 1945 Blizzard was honorably discharged and returned home to West Virginia. Blizzard died at Rockingham, Virginia in 1966.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Arlie Raymond Blizzard (17 Sept. 1909 - 20 Oct. 1966) of Franklin, West Virginia and son of Granville Harris (1874-1934) and Sarah Jane Dahmer Blizzard, enlisted in the United States Army in 1940. In mid 1942, as First Sergeant, he was assigned to Camp Forrest, Tennessee. In the fall of 1942 he moved to army bases in Maryland, Virginia, and North Carolina. In 1943 he was promoted to the rank of First Lieutenant and was assigned to various bases in the western United States; including bases in Montana, Oregon, and Washington. Throughout 1944 and early 1945 he was stationed in Hawaii. He spent July and August 1945 in the Pacific, part of it at Okinawa, Japan, and later at a base in Korea. As a Captain, in late December 1945 Blizzard was honorably discharged and returned home to West Virginia. Blizzard died at Rockingham, Virginia in 1966."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBlizzard Family Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Blizzard Family Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Zach Jones in 2007.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Zach Jones in 2007."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, papers, and a photograph concerning three Franklin, West Virginia brothers who served in the United States military during the Second World War. Collection consists of nearly 200 letters of outgoing correspondence penned by three brothers, Arlie, Arthur, and W. Russell Blizzard to their mother and sisters in Franklin, West Virginia. Most correspondence concerns training, work, and soldier life on military bases in the United States during World War II. Also included is Arlie Blizzard's visit to Japan and Korea in late 1945. Collection also contains a few pre and post-war letters and school papers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Correspondence, papers, and a photograph concerning three Franklin, West Virginia brothers who served in the United States military during the Second World War. Collection consists of nearly 200 letters of outgoing correspondence penned by three brothers, Arlie, Arthur, and W. Russell Blizzard to their mother and sisters in Franklin, West Virginia. Most correspondence concerns training, work, and soldier life on military bases in the United States during World War II. Also included is Arlie Blizzard's visit to Japan and Korea in late 1945. Collection also contains a few pre and post-war letters and school papers."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract encodinganalog=\"520$a\" label=\"Abstract:\"\u003eCorrespondence, papers, and a photograph concerning three Franklin, West Virginia brothers who served in the United States military during the Second World War. Collection consists of nearly 200 letters of outgoing correspondence penned by three brothers, Arlie, Arthur, and W. Russell Blizzard to their mother and sisters in Franklin, West Virginia. Most correspondence concerns training, work, and soldier life on military bases in the United States during World War II. Also included is Arlie Blizzard's visit to Japan and Korea in late 1945. Collection also contains a few pre and post-war letters and school papers.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Correspondence, papers, and a photograph concerning three Franklin, West Virginia brothers who served in the United States military during the Second World War. Collection consists of nearly 200 letters of outgoing correspondence penned by three brothers, Arlie, Arthur, and W. Russell Blizzard to their mother and sisters in Franklin, West Virginia. Most correspondence concerns training, work, and soldier life on military bases in the United States during World War II. Also included is Arlie Blizzard's visit to Japan and Korea in late 1945. Collection also contains a few pre and post-war letters and school papers."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Blizzard, Arlie Raymond, 1909-1966","Blizzard, Arthur Roy, 1918-1992","Blizzard, William Russell, 1912-2000"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Blizzard, Arlie Raymond, 1909-1966","Blizzard, Arthur Roy, 1918-1992","Blizzard, William Russell, 1912-2000"],"language_ssim":["\n\t  The papers are in:\n English"],"total_component_count_is":26,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T15:04:40.226Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_viw00148","ead_ssi":"viw_viw00148","_root_":"viw_viw00148","_nest_parent_":"viw_viw00148","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/wm/viw00148.xml","title_ssm":["Title:: Blizzard Family Papers\n\t1930-19491942-1945"],"title_tesim":["Title:: Blizzard Family Papers\n\t1930-19491942-1945"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["01/Mss. Acc. 2007.28"],"text":["01/Mss. Acc. 2007.28","Title:: Blizzard Family Papers\n\t1930-19491942-1945","World War, 1939-1945--Pacific Front","World War, 1939-1945.","Certificates","Correspondence","Photographs","Collection is open to all researchers.","Arlie Raymond Blizzard (17 Sept. 1909 - 20 Oct. 1966) of Franklin, West Virginia and son of Granville Harris (1874-1934) and Sarah Jane Dahmer Blizzard, enlisted in the United States Army in 1940. In mid 1942, as First Sergeant, he was assigned to Camp Forrest, Tennessee. In the fall of 1942 he moved to army bases in Maryland, Virginia, and North Carolina. In 1943 he was promoted to the rank of First Lieutenant and was assigned to various bases in the western United States; including bases in Montana, Oregon, and Washington. Throughout 1944 and early 1945 he was stationed in Hawaii. He spent July and August 1945 in the Pacific, part of it at Okinawa, Japan, and later at a base in Korea. As a Captain, in late December 1945 Blizzard was honorably discharged and returned home to West Virginia. Blizzard died at Rockingham, Virginia in 1966.","Processed by Zach Jones in 2007.","Correspondence, papers, and a photograph concerning three Franklin, West Virginia brothers who served in the United States military during the Second World War. Collection consists of nearly 200 letters of outgoing correspondence penned by three brothers, Arlie, Arthur, and W. Russell Blizzard to their mother and sisters in Franklin, West Virginia. Most correspondence concerns training, work, and soldier life on military bases in the United States during World War II. Also included is Arlie Blizzard's visit to Japan and Korea in late 1945. Collection also contains a few pre and post-war letters and school papers.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Correspondence, papers, and a photograph concerning three Franklin, West Virginia brothers who served in the United States military during the Second World War. Collection consists of nearly 200 letters of outgoing correspondence penned by three brothers, Arlie, Arthur, and W. Russell Blizzard to their mother and sisters in Franklin, West Virginia. Most correspondence concerns training, work, and soldier life on military bases in the United States during World War II. Also included is Arlie Blizzard's visit to Japan and Korea in late 1945. Collection also contains a few pre and post-war letters and school papers.","Special Collections Research Center","Blizzard, Arlie Raymond, 1909-1966","Blizzard, Arthur Roy, 1918-1992","Blizzard, William Russell, 1912-2000","\n\t  The papers are in:\n English"],"unitid_tesim":["01/Mss. Acc. 2007.28"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Title:: Blizzard Family Papers\n\t1930-19491942-1945"],"collection_title_tesim":["Title:: Blizzard Family Papers\n\t1930-19491942-1945"],"collection_ssim":["Title:: Blizzard Family Papers\n\t1930-19491942-1945"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"creator_ssm":["Blizzard, Arlie Raymond, 1909-1966 Blizzard, Arthur Roy, 1918-1992 Blizzard, William Russell, 1912-2000"],"creator_ssim":["Blizzard, Arlie Raymond, 1909-1966 Blizzard, Arthur Roy, 1918-1992 Blizzard, William Russell, 1912-2000"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Blizzard, Arlie Raymond, 1909-1966","Blizzard, Arthur Roy, 1918-1992","Blizzard, William Russell, 1912-2000"],"creators_ssim":["Blizzard, Arlie Raymond, 1909-1966","Blizzard, Arthur Roy, 1918-1992","Blizzard, William Russell, 1912-2000"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The materials were acquired by Special Collections Research Center from eBay on 04/01/2007."],"access_subjects_ssim":["World War, 1939-1945--Pacific Front","World War, 1939-1945.","Certificates","Correspondence","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["World War, 1939-1945--Pacific Front","World War, 1939-1945.","Certificates","Correspondence","Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["211.00"],"extent_tesim":["211.00"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArlie Raymond Blizzard (17 Sept. 1909 - 20 Oct. 1966) of Franklin, West Virginia and son of Granville Harris (1874-1934) and Sarah Jane Dahmer Blizzard, enlisted in the United States Army in 1940. In mid 1942, as First Sergeant, he was assigned to Camp Forrest, Tennessee. In the fall of 1942 he moved to army bases in Maryland, Virginia, and North Carolina. In 1943 he was promoted to the rank of First Lieutenant and was assigned to various bases in the western United States; including bases in Montana, Oregon, and Washington. Throughout 1944 and early 1945 he was stationed in Hawaii. He spent July and August 1945 in the Pacific, part of it at Okinawa, Japan, and later at a base in Korea. As a Captain, in late December 1945 Blizzard was honorably discharged and returned home to West Virginia. Blizzard died at Rockingham, Virginia in 1966.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Arlie Raymond Blizzard (17 Sept. 1909 - 20 Oct. 1966) of Franklin, West Virginia and son of Granville Harris (1874-1934) and Sarah Jane Dahmer Blizzard, enlisted in the United States Army in 1940. In mid 1942, as First Sergeant, he was assigned to Camp Forrest, Tennessee. In the fall of 1942 he moved to army bases in Maryland, Virginia, and North Carolina. In 1943 he was promoted to the rank of First Lieutenant and was assigned to various bases in the western United States; including bases in Montana, Oregon, and Washington. Throughout 1944 and early 1945 he was stationed in Hawaii. He spent July and August 1945 in the Pacific, part of it at Okinawa, Japan, and later at a base in Korea. As a Captain, in late December 1945 Blizzard was honorably discharged and returned home to West Virginia. Blizzard died at Rockingham, Virginia in 1966."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBlizzard Family Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Blizzard Family Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Zach Jones in 2007.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Zach Jones in 2007."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, papers, and a photograph concerning three Franklin, West Virginia brothers who served in the United States military during the Second World War. Collection consists of nearly 200 letters of outgoing correspondence penned by three brothers, Arlie, Arthur, and W. Russell Blizzard to their mother and sisters in Franklin, West Virginia. Most correspondence concerns training, work, and soldier life on military bases in the United States during World War II. Also included is Arlie Blizzard's visit to Japan and Korea in late 1945. Collection also contains a few pre and post-war letters and school papers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Correspondence, papers, and a photograph concerning three Franklin, West Virginia brothers who served in the United States military during the Second World War. Collection consists of nearly 200 letters of outgoing correspondence penned by three brothers, Arlie, Arthur, and W. Russell Blizzard to their mother and sisters in Franklin, West Virginia. Most correspondence concerns training, work, and soldier life on military bases in the United States during World War II. Also included is Arlie Blizzard's visit to Japan and Korea in late 1945. Collection also contains a few pre and post-war letters and school papers."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract encodinganalog=\"520$a\" label=\"Abstract:\"\u003eCorrespondence, papers, and a photograph concerning three Franklin, West Virginia brothers who served in the United States military during the Second World War. Collection consists of nearly 200 letters of outgoing correspondence penned by three brothers, Arlie, Arthur, and W. Russell Blizzard to their mother and sisters in Franklin, West Virginia. Most correspondence concerns training, work, and soldier life on military bases in the United States during World War II. Also included is Arlie Blizzard's visit to Japan and Korea in late 1945. Collection also contains a few pre and post-war letters and school papers.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Correspondence, papers, and a photograph concerning three Franklin, West Virginia brothers who served in the United States military during the Second World War. Collection consists of nearly 200 letters of outgoing correspondence penned by three brothers, Arlie, Arthur, and W. Russell Blizzard to their mother and sisters in Franklin, West Virginia. Most correspondence concerns training, work, and soldier life on military bases in the United States during World War II. Also included is Arlie Blizzard's visit to Japan and Korea in late 1945. Collection also contains a few pre and post-war letters and school papers."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Blizzard, Arlie Raymond, 1909-1966","Blizzard, Arthur Roy, 1918-1992","Blizzard, William Russell, 1912-2000"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Blizzard, Arlie Raymond, 1909-1966","Blizzard, Arthur Roy, 1918-1992","Blizzard, William Russell, 1912-2000"],"language_ssim":["\n\t  The papers are in:\n English"],"total_component_count_is":26,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T15:04:40.226Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_viw00148"}},{"id":"viw_viw00276","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Title:: Lina Nancy Potter Papers\t1942-1945","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_viw00276#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Potter, Lina Nancy, 1907-1975 \narrangement\n\t","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_viw00276#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Correspondence, photographs, and military papers concerning the World War II service of 2nd Lt. A.N.C. Lina Nancy Potter (1901-1975) of Narragansett, Rhode Island. Potter enlisted in the United States Armed Forces in 1942 and served as a nurse in a military hospital in India from 1943-1945. This collection consists of 23 letters of her outgoing wartime correspondence to family (her Aunt Harriet E. Weaver and Uncle Charles Weaver of Rhode Island) in the United States, her military papers, and three wartime photographs of Potter and her fellow nurses. Potter's correspondence is of special interest because Potter was allowed to censor her own letters (perhaps because she was an officer) before they were sent to the United States. Thus, Potter's correspondence contains a log of wartime conditions at a hospital near Burma, India. Her letters discuss poor food and housing conditions, status of her work in India, the war in India and China, and aspects relative to women's history during the Second World War.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_viw00276#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_viw00276","ead_ssi":"viw_viw00276","_root_":"viw_viw00276","_nest_parent_":"viw_viw00276","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/wm/viw00276.xml","title_ssm":["Title:: Lina Nancy Potter Papers\t1942-1945"],"title_tesim":["Title:: Lina Nancy Potter Papers\t1942-1945"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["01/Mss. Acc. 2007.55"],"text":["01/Mss. Acc. 2007.55","Title:: Lina Nancy Potter Papers\t1942-1945","India--History--20th century.","Medicine, Military--India.","United States--Women--History","World War, 1939-1945--Medical and sanitary affairs.","World War, 1939-1945--Pacific Area","World War, 1939-1945.","Certificates","Correspondence","Photographs","28 items","Collection is open to all researchers.","Collection has been arranged into three series: Series I: Correspondence, Series II: Military Papers, and Series III: Photographs. Correspondence has been arranged chronologically.","Lina Nancy Potter (1901-1975) of Narragansett, Rhode Island, enlisted in the United States Armed Forces in 1942 and served as a 2nd Lt. A.N.C. nurse in a military hospital in India from 1943-1945. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: \u003ca href=\"http://scrc.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Lina Nancy Potter\"\u003ehttp://scrc.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Lina Nancy Potter\u003c/a\u003e.","Processed by Zachary R. Jones in 2007.","Correspondence, photographs, and military papers concerning the World War II service of 2nd Lt. A.N.C. Lina Nancy Potter (1901-1975) of Narragansett, Rhode Island. Potter enlisted in the United States Armed Forces in 1942 and served as a nurse in a military hospital in India from 1943-1945. This collection consists of 23 letters of her outgoing wartime correspondence to family (her Aunt Harriet E. Weaver and Uncle Charles Weaver of Rhode Island) in the United States, her military papers, and three wartime photographs of Potter and her fellow nurses. Potter's correspondence is of special interest because Potter was allowed to censor her own letters (perhaps because she was an officer) before they were sent to the United States. Thus, Potter's correspondence contains a log of wartime conditions at a hospital near Burma, India. Her letters discuss poor food and housing conditions, status of her work in India, the war in India and China, and aspects relative to women's history during the Second World War.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Correspondence, photographs, and military papers concerning the World War II service of 2nd Lt. A.N.C. Lina Nancy Potter (1901-1975) of Narragansett, Rhode Island. Potter enlisted in the United States Armed Forces in 1942 and served as a nurse in a military hospital in India from 1943-1945. This collection consists of 23 letters of her outgoing wartime correspondence to family (her Aunt Harriet E. Weaver and Uncle Charles Weaver of Rhode Island) in the United States, her military papers, and three wartime photographs of Potter and her fellow nurses. Potter's correspondence is of special interest because Potter was allowed to censor her own letters (perhaps because she was an officer) before they were sent to the United States. Thus, Potter's correspondence contains a log of wartime conditions at a hospital near Burma, India. Her letters discuss poor food and housing conditions, status of her work in India, the war in India and China, and aspects relative to women's history during the Second World War.","Special Collections Research Center","Potter, Lina Nancy, 1907-1975","\n\t  The papers are in:\n English"],"unitid_tesim":["01/Mss. Acc. 2007.55"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Title:: Lina Nancy Potter Papers\t1942-1945"],"collection_title_tesim":["Title:: Lina Nancy Potter Papers\t1942-1945"],"collection_ssim":["Title:: Lina Nancy Potter Papers\t1942-1945"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"creator_ssm":["Potter, Lina Nancy, 1907-1975 \narrangement\n\t"],"creator_ssim":["Potter, Lina Nancy, 1907-1975 \narrangement\n\t"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Potter, Lina Nancy, 1907-1975"],"creators_ssim":["Potter, Lina Nancy, 1907-1975"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The materials were acquired by Special Collections Research Center from ebay.com on 04/22/2007."],"access_subjects_ssim":["India--History--20th century.","Medicine, Military--India.","United States--Women--History","World War, 1939-1945--Medical and sanitary affairs.","World War, 1939-1945--Pacific Area","World War, 1939-1945.","Certificates","Correspondence","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["India--History--20th century.","Medicine, Military--India.","United States--Women--History","World War, 1939-1945--Medical and sanitary affairs.","World War, 1939-1945--Pacific Area","World War, 1939-1945.","Certificates","Correspondence","Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["28 items"],"extent_ssm":["0.20"],"extent_tesim":["0.20"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection has been arranged into three series: Series I: Correspondence, Series II: Military Papers, and Series III: Photographs. Correspondence has been arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement of Materials"],"arrangement_tesim":["Collection has been arranged into three series: Series I: Correspondence, Series II: Military Papers, and Series III: Photographs. Correspondence has been arranged chronologically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLina Nancy Potter (1901-1975) of Narragansett, Rhode Island, enlisted in the United States Armed Forces in 1942 and served as a 2nd Lt. A.N.C. nurse in a military hospital in India from 1943-1945. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: \u0026lt;a href=\"http://scrc.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Lina Nancy Potter\"\u0026gt;http://scrc.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Lina Nancy Potter\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Lina Nancy Potter (1901-1975) of Narragansett, Rhode Island, enlisted in the United States Armed Forces in 1942 and served as a 2nd Lt. A.N.C. nurse in a military hospital in India from 1943-1945. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: \u003ca href=\"http://scrc.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Lina Nancy Potter\"\u003ehttp://scrc.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Lina Nancy Potter\u003c/a\u003e."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLina Nancy Potter WWII Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Lina Nancy Potter WWII Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Zachary R. Jones in 2007.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Zachary R. Jones in 2007."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, photographs, and military papers concerning the World War II service of 2nd Lt. A.N.C. Lina Nancy Potter (1901-1975) of Narragansett, Rhode Island. Potter enlisted in the United States Armed Forces in 1942 and served as a nurse in a military hospital in India from 1943-1945. This collection consists of 23 letters of her outgoing wartime correspondence to family (her Aunt Harriet E. Weaver and Uncle Charles Weaver of Rhode Island) in the United States, her military papers, and three wartime photographs of Potter and her fellow nurses. Potter's correspondence is of special interest because Potter was allowed to censor her own letters (perhaps because she was an officer) before they were sent to the United States. Thus, Potter's correspondence contains a log of wartime conditions at a hospital near Burma, India. Her letters discuss poor food and housing conditions, status of her work in India, the war in India and China, and aspects relative to women's history during the Second World War.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Correspondence, photographs, and military papers concerning the World War II service of 2nd Lt. A.N.C. Lina Nancy Potter (1901-1975) of Narragansett, Rhode Island. Potter enlisted in the United States Armed Forces in 1942 and served as a nurse in a military hospital in India from 1943-1945. This collection consists of 23 letters of her outgoing wartime correspondence to family (her Aunt Harriet E. Weaver and Uncle Charles Weaver of Rhode Island) in the United States, her military papers, and three wartime photographs of Potter and her fellow nurses. Potter's correspondence is of special interest because Potter was allowed to censor her own letters (perhaps because she was an officer) before they were sent to the United States. Thus, Potter's correspondence contains a log of wartime conditions at a hospital near Burma, India. Her letters discuss poor food and housing conditions, status of her work in India, the war in India and China, and aspects relative to women's history during the Second World War."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract encodinganalog=\"520$a\" label=\"Abstract:\"\u003eCorrespondence, photographs, and military papers concerning the World War II service of 2nd Lt. A.N.C. Lina Nancy Potter (1901-1975) of Narragansett, Rhode Island. Potter enlisted in the United States Armed Forces in 1942 and served as a nurse in a military hospital in India from 1943-1945. This collection consists of 23 letters of her outgoing wartime correspondence to family (her Aunt Harriet E. Weaver and Uncle Charles Weaver of Rhode Island) in the United States, her military papers, and three wartime photographs of Potter and her fellow nurses. Potter's correspondence is of special interest because Potter was allowed to censor her own letters (perhaps because she was an officer) before they were sent to the United States. Thus, Potter's correspondence contains a log of wartime conditions at a hospital near Burma, India. Her letters discuss poor food and housing conditions, status of her work in India, the war in India and China, and aspects relative to women's history during the Second World War.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Correspondence, photographs, and military papers concerning the World War II service of 2nd Lt. A.N.C. Lina Nancy Potter (1901-1975) of Narragansett, Rhode Island. Potter enlisted in the United States Armed Forces in 1942 and served as a nurse in a military hospital in India from 1943-1945. This collection consists of 23 letters of her outgoing wartime correspondence to family (her Aunt Harriet E. Weaver and Uncle Charles Weaver of Rhode Island) in the United States, her military papers, and three wartime photographs of Potter and her fellow nurses. Potter's correspondence is of special interest because Potter was allowed to censor her own letters (perhaps because she was an officer) before they were sent to the United States. Thus, Potter's correspondence contains a log of wartime conditions at a hospital near Burma, India. Her letters discuss poor food and housing conditions, status of her work in India, the war in India and China, and aspects relative to women's history during the Second World War."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Potter, Lina Nancy, 1907-1975"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Potter, Lina Nancy, 1907-1975"],"language_ssim":["\n\t  The papers are in:\n English"],"total_component_count_is":11,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T15:03:58.810Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_viw00276","ead_ssi":"viw_viw00276","_root_":"viw_viw00276","_nest_parent_":"viw_viw00276","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/wm/viw00276.xml","title_ssm":["Title:: Lina Nancy Potter Papers\t1942-1945"],"title_tesim":["Title:: Lina Nancy Potter Papers\t1942-1945"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["01/Mss. Acc. 2007.55"],"text":["01/Mss. Acc. 2007.55","Title:: Lina Nancy Potter Papers\t1942-1945","India--History--20th century.","Medicine, Military--India.","United States--Women--History","World War, 1939-1945--Medical and sanitary affairs.","World War, 1939-1945--Pacific Area","World War, 1939-1945.","Certificates","Correspondence","Photographs","28 items","Collection is open to all researchers.","Collection has been arranged into three series: Series I: Correspondence, Series II: Military Papers, and Series III: Photographs. Correspondence has been arranged chronologically.","Lina Nancy Potter (1901-1975) of Narragansett, Rhode Island, enlisted in the United States Armed Forces in 1942 and served as a 2nd Lt. A.N.C. nurse in a military hospital in India from 1943-1945. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: \u003ca href=\"http://scrc.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Lina Nancy Potter\"\u003ehttp://scrc.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Lina Nancy Potter\u003c/a\u003e.","Processed by Zachary R. Jones in 2007.","Correspondence, photographs, and military papers concerning the World War II service of 2nd Lt. A.N.C. Lina Nancy Potter (1901-1975) of Narragansett, Rhode Island. Potter enlisted in the United States Armed Forces in 1942 and served as a nurse in a military hospital in India from 1943-1945. This collection consists of 23 letters of her outgoing wartime correspondence to family (her Aunt Harriet E. Weaver and Uncle Charles Weaver of Rhode Island) in the United States, her military papers, and three wartime photographs of Potter and her fellow nurses. Potter's correspondence is of special interest because Potter was allowed to censor her own letters (perhaps because she was an officer) before they were sent to the United States. Thus, Potter's correspondence contains a log of wartime conditions at a hospital near Burma, India. Her letters discuss poor food and housing conditions, status of her work in India, the war in India and China, and aspects relative to women's history during the Second World War.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Correspondence, photographs, and military papers concerning the World War II service of 2nd Lt. A.N.C. Lina Nancy Potter (1901-1975) of Narragansett, Rhode Island. Potter enlisted in the United States Armed Forces in 1942 and served as a nurse in a military hospital in India from 1943-1945. This collection consists of 23 letters of her outgoing wartime correspondence to family (her Aunt Harriet E. Weaver and Uncle Charles Weaver of Rhode Island) in the United States, her military papers, and three wartime photographs of Potter and her fellow nurses. Potter's correspondence is of special interest because Potter was allowed to censor her own letters (perhaps because she was an officer) before they were sent to the United States. Thus, Potter's correspondence contains a log of wartime conditions at a hospital near Burma, India. Her letters discuss poor food and housing conditions, status of her work in India, the war in India and China, and aspects relative to women's history during the Second World War.","Special Collections Research Center","Potter, Lina Nancy, 1907-1975","\n\t  The papers are in:\n English"],"unitid_tesim":["01/Mss. 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Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: \u0026lt;a href=\"http://scrc.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Lina Nancy Potter\"\u0026gt;http://scrc.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Lina Nancy Potter\u0026lt;/a\u0026gt;.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Lina Nancy Potter (1901-1975) of Narragansett, Rhode Island, enlisted in the United States Armed Forces in 1942 and served as a 2nd Lt. A.N.C. nurse in a military hospital in India from 1943-1945. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: \u003ca href=\"http://scrc.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Lina Nancy Potter\"\u003ehttp://scrc.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Lina Nancy Potter\u003c/a\u003e."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLina Nancy Potter WWII Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Lina Nancy Potter WWII Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Zachary R. Jones in 2007.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Zachary R. Jones in 2007."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, photographs, and military papers concerning the World War II service of 2nd Lt. A.N.C. Lina Nancy Potter (1901-1975) of Narragansett, Rhode Island. Potter enlisted in the United States Armed Forces in 1942 and served as a nurse in a military hospital in India from 1943-1945. This collection consists of 23 letters of her outgoing wartime correspondence to family (her Aunt Harriet E. Weaver and Uncle Charles Weaver of Rhode Island) in the United States, her military papers, and three wartime photographs of Potter and her fellow nurses. Potter's correspondence is of special interest because Potter was allowed to censor her own letters (perhaps because she was an officer) before they were sent to the United States. Thus, Potter's correspondence contains a log of wartime conditions at a hospital near Burma, India. Her letters discuss poor food and housing conditions, status of her work in India, the war in India and China, and aspects relative to women's history during the Second World War.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Correspondence, photographs, and military papers concerning the World War II service of 2nd Lt. A.N.C. Lina Nancy Potter (1901-1975) of Narragansett, Rhode Island. Potter enlisted in the United States Armed Forces in 1942 and served as a nurse in a military hospital in India from 1943-1945. This collection consists of 23 letters of her outgoing wartime correspondence to family (her Aunt Harriet E. Weaver and Uncle Charles Weaver of Rhode Island) in the United States, her military papers, and three wartime photographs of Potter and her fellow nurses. Potter's correspondence is of special interest because Potter was allowed to censor her own letters (perhaps because she was an officer) before they were sent to the United States. Thus, Potter's correspondence contains a log of wartime conditions at a hospital near Burma, India. Her letters discuss poor food and housing conditions, status of her work in India, the war in India and China, and aspects relative to women's history during the Second World War."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract encodinganalog=\"520$a\" label=\"Abstract:\"\u003eCorrespondence, photographs, and military papers concerning the World War II service of 2nd Lt. A.N.C. Lina Nancy Potter (1901-1975) of Narragansett, Rhode Island. Potter enlisted in the United States Armed Forces in 1942 and served as a nurse in a military hospital in India from 1943-1945. This collection consists of 23 letters of her outgoing wartime correspondence to family (her Aunt Harriet E. Weaver and Uncle Charles Weaver of Rhode Island) in the United States, her military papers, and three wartime photographs of Potter and her fellow nurses. Potter's correspondence is of special interest because Potter was allowed to censor her own letters (perhaps because she was an officer) before they were sent to the United States. Thus, Potter's correspondence contains a log of wartime conditions at a hospital near Burma, India. Her letters discuss poor food and housing conditions, status of her work in India, the war in India and China, and aspects relative to women's history during the Second World War.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Correspondence, photographs, and military papers concerning the World War II service of 2nd Lt. A.N.C. Lina Nancy Potter (1901-1975) of Narragansett, Rhode Island. Potter enlisted in the United States Armed Forces in 1942 and served as a nurse in a military hospital in India from 1943-1945. This collection consists of 23 letters of her outgoing wartime correspondence to family (her Aunt Harriet E. Weaver and Uncle Charles Weaver of Rhode Island) in the United States, her military papers, and three wartime photographs of Potter and her fellow nurses. Potter's correspondence is of special interest because Potter was allowed to censor her own letters (perhaps because she was an officer) before they were sent to the United States. Thus, Potter's correspondence contains a log of wartime conditions at a hospital near Burma, India. Her letters discuss poor food and housing conditions, status of her work in India, the war in India and China, and aspects relative to women's history during the Second World War."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Potter, Lina Nancy, 1907-1975"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Potter, Lina Nancy, 1907-1975"],"language_ssim":["\n\t  The papers are in:\n English"],"total_component_count_is":11,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T15:03:58.810Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_viw00276"}},{"id":"viw_viw00296","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Title:: Max R. Decker Diary\t1930-19431930-1943","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_viw00296#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Decker, Max R., 1910-2002 Decker, Carl Decker, Ivan \narrangement\n\t","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_viw00296#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Six diaries, 1930-1943 (with gaps) of Max R. Decker describing his life during the Great Depression and World War II. Decker is located in Buffalo, Kansas, but he and his brothers hop freight trains traveling through Nebraska, Colorado, Utah, Kansas and Iowa. The diaries also describe the family searching for work and camping at various locations. The family ends up in Gaither, Arkansas. Decker joined Civilian Conservation Camp # 743 in the Ozark National Forest. The final diary describes his days in the 302nd Battalion of Artillery at Fort Meade, Maryland, Camp A. P. 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Max Decker lived in various locales during the Great Depression and World War II including Kansas and Arkansas. Decker joined Civilian Conservation Camp # 743 in the Ozark National Forest. The final diary describes his days in the 302nd Battalion of Artillery at Fort Meade, Maryland, Camp A. P. Hill, Virginia and Camp McCoy, Wisconsin. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: \u003ca href=\"http://scrc.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Max R. Decker\"\u003ehttp://scrc.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Max R. Decker\u003c/a\u003e.","Six diaries, 1930-1943 (with gaps) of Max R. Decker describing his life during the Great Depression and World War II. Decker is located in Buffalo, Kansas, but he and his brothers hop freight trains traveling through Nebraska, Colorado, Utah, Kansas and Iowa. The diaries also describe the family searching for work and camping at various locations. The family ends up in Gaither, Arkansas. 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Decker joined Civilian Conservation Camp # 743 in the Ozark National Forest. The final diary describes his days in the 302nd Battalion of Artillery at Fort Meade, Maryland, Camp A. P. Hill, Virginia and Camp McCoy, Wisconsin. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: \u003ca href=\"http://scrc.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Max R. Decker\"\u003ehttp://scrc.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Max R. Decker\u003c/a\u003e."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMax R. Decker Diary, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Max R. Decker Diary, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSix diaries, 1930-1943 (with gaps) of Max R. Decker describing his life during the Great Depression and World War II. 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Decker joined Civilian Conservation Camp # 743 in the Ozark National Forest. The final diary describes his days in the 302nd Battalion of Artillery at Fort Meade, Maryland, Camp A. P. Hill, Virginia and Camp McCoy, Wisconsin."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract encodinganalog=\"520$a\" label=\"Abstract:\"\u003eSix diaries, 1930-1943 (with gaps) of Max R. Decker describing his life during the Great Depression and World War II. 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Decker joined Civilian Conservation Camp # 743 in the Ozark National Forest. The final diary describes his days in the 302nd Battalion of Artillery at Fort Meade, Maryland, Camp A. P. 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