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Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased by Steve Gerber from Schubertiade Music on March 5, 2012."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Art","Nazis","World War, 1939-1945","World politics -- Caricatures and cartoons"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Art","Nazis","World War, 1939-1945","World politics -- Caricatures and cartoons"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".01 Linear Feet 1 item"],"extent_tesim":[".01 Linear Feet 1 item"],"date_range_isim":[1940],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis is a single item collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This is a single item collection."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\"The Nazi Party: Background \u0026amp; Overview.\" Background \u0026amp; Overview of the Nazi Party (NSDAP). https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/background-and-overview-of-the-nazi-party-nsdap. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. \"Serbia in World War II.\" Encyclopædia Britannica. 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Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCarl S. Worboys Letters, 1943-1945, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Carl S. Worboys Letters, 1943-1945, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, William and Mary."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCarl Stape Worboys, MD (1911-1992), Captain, US Army WWII. 27 letters and VMails from Dr. Worboys to his family, written from Europe between 1943-1945 while he served in the US Army aboard the USS Seminole and USS Acadia, both hospital ships.  Dr. Worboys writes about his travel across the Atlantic, weather and conditions in Europe and the Mediterranean, books he has read, church services, and the lack of alcohol to the troops.  He states in one letter that some of the men are torn of where they will go first once they are back in the United States, home or to the nearest saloon.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Carl Stape Worboys, MD (1911-1992), Captain, US Army WWII. 27 letters and VMails from Dr. Worboys to his family, written from Europe between 1943-1945 while he served in the US Army aboard the USS Seminole and USS Acadia, both hospital ships.  Dr. Worboys writes about his travel across the Atlantic, weather and conditions in Europe and the Mediterranean, books he has read, church services, and the lack of alcohol to the troops.  He states in one letter that some of the men are torn of where they will go first once they are back in the United States, home or to the nearest saloon."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","United States Navy","United States. Navy (General subdivision: Hospital ships)"],"names_coll_ssim":["United States Navy","United States. Navy (General subdivision: Hospital ships)"],"persname_ssim":["Worboys, Carl S."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","United States Navy","United States. Navy (General subdivision: Hospital ships)","Worboys, Carl S."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":3,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:45:26.564Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_7741"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_206","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Carter Glass Papers, 1820/1946","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_206#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Carter Glass papers, 1820-1946, 141 cubic feet, consist of correspondence, manuscripts, newspaper articles, photographs, speeches, and printed materials from his work in the Banking and Currency Committee, the Secretary of the Treasury (1918-1920), and the United States Senate (1920-1946). Subjects include: The Federal Reserve Banking Act of 1913, the Federal Reserve system, and the Banking Act of 1933 (1932 Glass-Steagall Act). \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_206#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_206","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_206","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_206","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_206","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_206.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/146110","title_filing_ssi":"Glass, Carter, papers","title_ssm":["Carter Glass Papers"],"title_tesim":["Carter Glass Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1820-1946"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1820-1946"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1820/1946"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Carter Glass Papers, 1820/1946"],"text":["Carter Glass Papers, 1820/1946","MSS 2913","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/206","Virginia -- Politics and government -- 20th century","Banks and banking -- United States","Judges -- Selection and appointment","Depressions -- 1929 -- United States","Labor laws and legislation -- United States","World War, 1939-1945","World War, 1914-1918","This collection is open for research. Restrictions apply to veterans claims.","The collection is arranged into four series: Series 1. Banking: Subseries banking correspondence,  banking printed, Series 2. Correspondence: Subseries legislative, military, political, topical, greeting cards, business and related cards, honors, constituent (patronage, praise),veterans claim (restricted), and veterinary (farming), Series 3. Manuscripts and miscellaneous, Series 4. Printed and miscellaneous: Subseries newspaper clippings, articles, bills, reports and photographs, speeches, and election tickets.","Due to the large size of this collection these categories are meant as general guidelines and some cross over of subjects can be expected throughout the series. Similarly,further searching may be necessary if an area of research is not found in the identified series of the guide, for example military correspondence is located chronologically throughout the collection and as a subseries.","Series 1 Banking Correspondence is in boxes 1-43, 171-177; Banking Printed is in boxes 44-47; Series 2 Correspondence: Legislative Correspondence is in boxes 47-105, 178-180; Military Correspondence is in boxes 105-109; Political Correspondence is in boxes 109-143, 180-183; Topical Correspondence is in boxes 143-169; 183-193; Greeting Cards are in boxes 169-170; Honors are in box 170; Constituent Correspondence is in boxes 194-220; Patronage Correspondence is in boxes 220-249; Praise for Carter Glass is in boxes 250-258; Invitations are in boxes 259-264; Veteran's Claims (restricted) are in boxes 265-268; Veterinarian and farming (cows) are in box 269; Series 3 Manuscripts and Miscellaneous are in box 270; Series 4 Printed(including newspaper articles, photographs, and speeches) are in boxes 271-279; Letterbooks for 1918-1919 are in boxes 281-282.","Carter Glass (January 4, 1858 – May 28, 1946) was born on January 4, 1858, in Lynchburg, Virginia, to Robert Henry Glass and Augusta Elizabeth Christian. He became a newspaper publisher (like his father)and after hearing a speech by William Jenning Bryan in 1896, entered politics in 1902 as a Democrat in the United States House of Representatives and was re-elected to eight terms. He was a United States Senator from Lynchburg, Virginia from 1920 until his death in 1946.  In 1913, he became Chairman of the House Committee on Banking and Currency, where he worked with President Woodrow Wilson to pass the Glass-Owen Federal Reserve Act and he went on to pass the Glass-Steagall Act in 1932 and the Banking Act in 1933 that made banking more stable in the United States. In 1918, President Wilson appointed him Secretary of the Treasury, where he marketed Victory Liberty Loans for World War I debts.  At the 1920 Democratic National Convention Glass was nominated for President of the United States. Many of his supporters have said that at 5'4 inches tall, his speeches and political prowess made him seem larger than life.","Carter Glass became an apprentice printer to his father when he was 13 years old, and continued his education through reading literature in his father's library. At the age of 22, Glass became a reporter, a job he had long sought, for the \"Lynchburg News\". He rose to become the morning newspaper's editor by 1887. After acquiring the afternoon \"Daily Advance\", the competing \"Daily Republican\",  he became Lynchburg's sole newspaper publisher. The \"Lynchburg News and Advance\" is the successor publication to his newspapers.","Carter Glass played a major role in the establishment of the U.S. financial regulatory system, helping to establish the Federal Reserve System and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. He co-sponsored the 1933 Banking Act, also known as the Glass–Steagall Act, which created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and enforced the separation of investment banking firms and commercial banks. His banking reforms (Banking Act of 1913, Glass Steagall Act 1932, Banking Act of 1933) earned him gratitude across the country, landing him on the cover of Time Magazine twice, and honoring him with many degrees from universities.  Prior to Glass's reforms, the country's banking system was chaotic and regulated by bankers. The Glass-Steagall bill restricted banks from engaging in invesment banking. The country had suffered eight recessions between 1890 and 1914. Portions of the Glass-Steagall bill were repealed in 1999, allowing banks to combine their own investment activity with commercial banking and possibly contributing to the recession in 2008.","Not as well-publicized was Carter Glass's lifelong opposition to voting rights for African Americans. One of Glass's first political exploits was helping craft the revised 1902 Virginia Constitution to bar [African American] citizens from voting. The 1902 Constitution instituted a poll tax and required bulk payment after a voter missed elections, making voting a luxury. The Constitution also required that voters pass a literacy test with their performance graded by the registrar. When questioned as to whether these measures were potentially discriminatory, Glass exclaimed, \"Discrimination! Why that is exactly what we propose. To remove every [African American] voter who can be gotten rid of, legally, without materially impairing the numerical strength of the white electorate.\" Indeed, the number of African Americans qualified to vote dropped from 147,000 to 21,000 immediately. More than 50 years after it was ratified, the Lynchburg senator remained opposed to the 15th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which granted African Americans the right to vote. He said in the 1920's it \"constituted an attempt to destroy white civilization in nearly one-third of the nation and to erect on its ruins an Ethiopian state ignorant, profligate, corrupt, controlled by manumitted slaves.\" Glass was in step with his white constituents in Virginia, where African Americans did not receive equal voting rights until the 1960s. In 1928, during a debate involving prohibition, Glass said, \"people of the original thirteen Southern States curse and deride and spit upon the Fifteenth Amendment — and have no intention of letting the [African American] vote\" all the while maintaining Virginia was complying with the law.","Carter Glass remained one of the strongest advocates of segregation and continued to dedicate much of his political career to the perpetuation of Jim Crow laws in the South. He sponsored massive resistance legislation along with Virginia Senator Harry F. Byrd of Winchester, another Virginia newspaperman who shared many of Glass's political views. Both Glass and Byrd were opposed to Roosevelt's New Deal policies. Each was a strong supporter of fiscal conservatism and states' rights. Carter Glass supported President Roosevelt but later criticized his policies, including the New Deal, attempts to pack the Supreme Court, third term presidency, and nominations for Federal Judgeships.","Glass had suffered from ill health throughout his life, and usually walked on tip toes because he believed that would help with his indigestion. He kept his seat in his final term in the Senate even though he was not able to be in attendance. He died in his hotel apartment in Washington, D.C., on May 28, 1946. His funeral in Lynchburg was attended by the Chief Justice, the Secretary of State, 11 Senators, 11 House members, and other notables. History remembers Carter Glass as the Father of the Federal Reserve Act but today history also considers his role in the 1902 Constitution that disenfranchised virtually every black voter in the state. The reduction in African American votes helped him politically and put him in a postion to create the banking reform legislation. Nationally, Glass might have been the architect of financial reform that stabilized the nation's banking system, but at home, historian J. Douglas Smith calls him, \"the architect of disenfranchisement in the Old Dominion.\" Harvard University named their business school, Glass House, after Carter Glass achievements in banking, but they have now changed the name to Cash House, for James Cash, the first African American tenured professor at Harvard.","Sources: \nWikipedia\nJoe Stinnett, retired editor of The News \u0026 Advance and The Roanoke Times.\nThe Roanoke Times","The Carter Glass papers, 1820-1946, 141 cubic feet, consist of correspondence, manuscripts, newspaper articles, photographs, speeches, and printed materials from his work in the Banking and Currency Committee, the Secretary of the Treasury (1918-1920), and the United States Senate (1920-1946). Subjects include: The Federal Reserve Banking Act of 1913, the Federal Reserve system, and the Banking Act of 1933 (1932 Glass-Steagall Act).","Other topics include international, national and state issues reflected in the politics of this time period including opposition to the National Industrial Recovery Act; National Labor Relations Act; Bank Holding Company Bill; Office of Price Administration; World Wars I and II; League of Nations; World Court; Democratic Party platforms and policies; presidential elections of 1912, 1920, 1924, 1928, and 1940; Senator Huey P. Long; Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal; attempted packing of the Supreme Court; neutrality legislation; disarmament; regulation of the coal industry; (business) products and services; child labor; anti-lynching law; immigration restriction (especially Chinese in Hawaii); Muscle Shoals; trade with Russia; diplomatic relations with the Vatican; Four-Power Treaty; soldiers' bonus bill; tariffs and protectionism; and national defense.","Virginia topics of concern to Glass or his constituents include poll tax elimination; African American suffrage; women's suffrage; highways; intrastate commerce; University of Virginia Board of Visitors;  Woodrow Wilson Foundation; national Patrick Henry shrine at \"Red Hill\"; gubernatorial election of 1924; Bishop James Cannon, Jr., prohibition and the Anti-saloon League; Skyline Drive; Spotsylvania Battlefield Park; Virginia Fight For Freedom Committee; operation of the Lynchburg News and Advance; and patronage requests from Lynchburg, Roanoke, and Bedford, Campbell, Floyd, Montgomery, and Roanoke Counties, Va.","Miscellaneous items of interest include a letter describing the early life of Booker T. Washington, election tickets for 1848, a 1906 recipe book, and letters concerning Glass' belief in the Baconian theory of Shakespeare authorship.","Among the many correspondents are Edwin A. Alderman, Newton Baker, Ray Stannard Baker, Alben Barkley, Bernard Baruch, William E. Borah, Chester Bowles, John Stewart Bryan, William Jennings Bryan, Harry F. Byrd, Richard E. Byrd, Calvin Coolidge, John W. Daniel, Josephus Daniels, Colgate W. Darden, Westmoreland Davis, Frederic A. Delano, the Democratic National Committee, Marriner S. Eccles, James A. Farley, Henry Ford, Douglas Southall Freeman, James A. Garfield, Samuel Gompers, Cary T. Grayson, Charles S. Hamlin, William P.G. Harding, Warren G. Harding, George L. Harrison, J. Edgar Hoover,Herbert Hoover, Edwin M. House, Cordell Hull, Harold Ickes, Hugh S. Johnson, Jesse Jones, Joseph P. Kennedy, Russell C. Leffingwell, Walter Lippmann, Huey Long, William Gibbs McAdoo, George Walter Mapp, Andrew Mellon, Eugene and Agnes Meyer, Andrew J. Montague, R. Walton Moore, Henry Morgenthau, Jr., Robert L. Owen, George C. Peery, Edmund Platt, John Garland Pollard, A. Willis Robertson, Eleanor Roosevelt, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Dave E. Satterfield, C. Bascom Slemp, Rixey Smith, Billy Sunday, Claude A. Swanson, Harry S. Truman, Joseph P. Tumulty, Oscar W. Underwood, Samuel Untermeyer, Arthur H. Vandenberg, Robert F. Wagner, Henry A. Wallace, Paul Moritz Warburg, Richard S. Whaley, William Allen White, John Skelton Williams, Henry Parker Willis, , Edith Bolling Wilson, Woodrow Wilson, Clifton A. Woodrum, and Walter Wyatt.","Correspondents include President Woodrow Wilson, Samuel Untermyer, Henry Parker Willis, Charles G. Hamlin, William Gibbs McAdoo, Robert Owen, Victor Morawetz, Harry F. Byrd, John Skelton Williams, Henry Moehlenpah, Paul M. Warburg (under revision)","Box summaries\nBox 1: The Federal Reserve Bank Act and Federal Reserve system; the Federal Farm Loan Act; Panic of 1912; The Aldrich Bill; branch banks; central banking board; gold reserves; Currency [reform] Bill of 1913; Emergency Banking Act, 1933; the Banking Act of 1933 (Glass-Steagall Act; the Bank Bill of 1935; opposition to the National Industrial Recovery Act; the National Labor Relations Act; the Bank Holding Company Bill; and the Office of Price Administration.","Box 2: Federal Reserve Act (Glass-Owen Bill)6454, 2639, 7837;Aldrich-Vreeland Law;Federal Farm Loan Act Rural Credits Bill;and Clayton Anti-Trust Bill","Box 3: Federal Reserve Act; Federal Reserve Banks; Federal Farm Loan Act; Land Mortgage Bank Bill; Branch banking; Kern Bill; Hollis Buckley Bill; Usury laws; Charles S. Hamlin; Edmund D. Hulbert; William Gibbs McAdoo; J. H. Tregoe; Woodrow Wilson; John Skelton Williams; Henry A. Moehlenpah; Frederic A. Delano; and Carter Glass","Box 4: Federal Farm Loan Act;Rural credits;Federal Reserve Amendments and responses; McFadden Bill; Hollis Buckley Bill; and gold certificates","Box 5: Federal Reserve Amendments and responses (Kitchin and Hardwick Bill);and Pomerene Bill. Charles S. Hamlin,William Gibbs McAdoo,Woodrow Wilson,Clayton Act,George M. Reynolds,Paul M. Warburg,John Skelton Williams,and Carter Glass","Box 6: Federal Reserve Amendments and responses (Kitchin and Hardwick Bill); Federal Reserve Act authorship; Capital Issues Committee; Federal Land Bank of Baltimore; and the Revenue Act of 1918.George Norris,Edmund Platt, Frederic A. Delano, William P. G. Harding,Paul M. Warburg,Charles S. Hamlin, John Skelton Williams,Henry Parker Willis,Eugene Meyer,and Carter Glass","Box 7: Federal Reserve Act authorship; Federal Farm Loan Amendments; Federal Land Banks; currency shortage; check collection; Smoot Bill; Liberty loans; Federal Reserve Bank of New York; railroad and shipping costs; War Finance Corporation; and Second Pan American Conference. William P. G. Harding,George W. Norris,Robert L. Owen,Russell C. Leffingwell,Benjamin Strong,John Skelton Williams renomination,William Gibbs McAdoo,Charles S. Hamlin,and Carter Glass","Box 8: Federal Reserve Act authorship; Clayton Anti-Trust Act; Smoot Bill; check collecting fees; branch banking; Virginia-Carolina Joint StockLandBank; budget bill; excess profits tax; gold; and Liberty bonds. Walter Edward Harris, Charles A. Korbly,Edmund Platt,William Skelton Williams,William P. G. Harding,William Gibbs McAdoo, Hollins N. Randolph,Henry Parker Willis,Russell C. Leffingwell,Arthur Capper,Thomas B. McAdams,and Carter Glass","Box 9: Federal Reserve Act and authorship; Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond; Bank of Haysi; Bank of New York; Open market commercial paper rates; McFadden Bill; discount rates; Overman Resolution; Liberty bonds; Pan American Conference; and Russian trade.William P. G. Harding,John Skelton Williams,Thomas B. McAdams,Russell C. Leffingwell,Edmund Platt,John Thomas Heflin,Hollins N. Randolph,William Gibbs McAdoo,George J. Seay,Henry Parker Willis, George Armstrong,Benjamin Strong,and Carter Glass","Box 10: Federal Reserve System; McFadden Bill H. R. 2; Farm Loan Mortgage; discount rates and eligible paper; Pittman Silver Act; Frank A. Vanderlip banking plan; War Finance Corporation; Bank of New York; bank failure; Anderson Bill; Lenroot Bill; and William P. G. Harding reappointment.John Skelton Williams,Reed Smoot,Hollins N. Randolph,Russell C. Leffingwell,Thomas B. McAdams,Paul M. Warburg,Edmund Platt,Henry Parker Willis,Woodrow Wilson,Benjamin Strong, Daniel C. Roper, William Gibbs McAdoo,Charles S. Hamlin,George W. Norris,and Carter Glass","Box 12:Federal Reserve Act authorship; McNary-Haugen Billand (speech responses); McFadden Bill; Federal Farm Loan Act; and Carter Glass book. Walter Edward Harris,Paul Warburg,Norman Davis,Walter E. Edge,Charles W. Collins,Charles S. Hamlin,Henry Parker Willis,George J. Seay,Benjamin Strong,and Edmund Platt","Box 13: Pascagoula case; Federal Reserve Act authorship; McFadden Bill; \"Committee of One Hundred\"; Carter Glass book; and the McNary-Haugen Bill. Henry Parker Willis,William P. G. Harding,George J. Seay,Harry Flood Byrd,Bernard M. Baruch,Russell C. Leffingwell,Charles S. Hamlin,Charles W. Collins,Walter Edward Harris,Thomas B. McAdams,George W. Norris,and Edmund Platt","Box 14 Federal Reserve Act authorship; McFadden Bill; Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas; Lafollette Resolution; \"Committee of One Hundred\"; Federal Home Loan Bill; misuse of Federal Reserve System; President Roosevelt criticism of Federal Reserve System; Charles E. Mitchell; and bank failures. Eugene Meyer,Edmund Platt,Henry Parker Willis,Bishop James Cannon, Jr., Thomas B. McAdams,Russell C. Plainwell,and Elben C. Folks","Box 15: Federal Reserve Act authorship; responses to Depression and banking crisis; Bank of Kentucky; curb stock speculations; security abuses; Charles E. Mitchell; McFadden Bill; and criticism of Herbert Hoover. Thomas B. McAdams,Walter B. Mahoney,John W. Pole,Edmund Platt,Henry Parker Willis,Bernard M. Baruch,Eugene Meyer,William P. G. Harding,George L. Harrison,George W. Norris,George J. Seay,and Richard C. Whitney","Box 16: Responses to the Depressionand(banking crisis); and Bank of Kentucky.Jouett Shouse,Henry Parker Willis,Henry B. Steagall,Eugene Meyer,Charles S. Hamlin,Milton S. Florsheim,Samuel M. Kaplan,and Elben C. Folkes","Box 17: Responses to the Depression and banking crisis; President Hoover Plan; Federal Land Banks; Wall Street bankers; bank failures; Bank of Kentucky; Federal Reserve Act authorship; Federal Farm Loan Act; Federal Home Loan; and Hoover moratorium. Bernard M. Baruch,Jouett Shouse,Richard C. Whitney,Charles S. Hamlin,Henry A. Moehlenpah,Millard E. Tydings,Henry Parker Willis,Andrew W. Mellon,Edmund Platt,Eugene Meyer,Russell C. Leffingwell,and Thomas B. McAdams","Box 18:Depression and banking crisis; Bank of Kentucky; Senate Committee on Banking and Currency Hearings; Reconstruction Finance Corporation; Nye Report; Pan American Finance Conference; Gold; Silver; and death of E. C. Glass. Elben C. Folkes,Al Kaplan,Herbert Hoover,Jouett Shouse,Charles S. Hamlin,George L. Harrison, Thorwald Siegfried, Eugene Meyer,and Pat H. Drewery","Box 19:Federal Home Loan Bank; Federal Land Bank of Baltimore; foreclosures; Glass-Steagall; and Henry Parker Willis articles in France on gold upsetting to colleagues.Franklin Delano Roosevelt,John W. Pole,Henry B. Steagall,Oliver J. Sands,Russell C. Leffingwell,Charles W. Collins,Charles S. Hamlin,and George L. Harrison","Box 20-24: Glass Steagall responses; and Glass speech on gold","Box 25: Glass-Steagall Act; Goldsborough Bill; gold standard; Reconstruction Finance Corporation; Joint Stock Land Banks;Revenue Act of 1932; responses to Carter Glass speech;praise for Carter Glass; bank failures; Banking study; Holiday proclamation by President Roosevelt; Funding for projects such as the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, and a bridge across the Potomac River; Herbert Hoover;Newton D. Baker;Russell C. Leffingwell;George L. Harrison; Eugene Meyer; Samuel Untermyer; Chester Morrill; George W. Norris; Richard S. Whaley;Princess Amelie Rives Troubetzkoy;James F. Byrnes;Louis Wiley; Robert J. Bulkley;John W. Owens;HenryParker Willis; and the Dallas Chamber of Commerce","Box 26: Responses to banking crisis and Depressionand criticism of Herbert Hoover","Box 27: Responses to Depression; McNary-Haugen Bill; Home Loan Bill; Emergency Farm Mortgage Act of 1933; Thomas Bill; Federal Reserve Amendment Section 10b; Glass-Steagall Banking Act; and Credit Report U.S. S. R. (George N. Peek).George L. Harrison,Chester Morrill,Russell C. Leffingwell,Louis T. McFadden,Emmanuel Kaplan,Hugh S. Johnson,and the National Recovery Act","Box 28: Glass-Steagall Act responses; Emergency Bank Bill; California banks; and Goldsborough Amendment. Edmund Platt and Frank A. Vanderlip","Box 29: Glass-Steagall Act responses, and Section 19 Statewide branch banking for national banks; Huey Long filibuster; bank guarantees; Charles E. Mitchell investigation; and continued moratorium on closing banks. Duncan U. Fletcher; Ferdinand Pecora; and Virginia Governor John Garland Pollard","Box 30: Gold, Reconstruction Finance Corporation, Senate Banking and Currency Committee investigation of J. P. Morgan; Glass-Steagall Banking Act; National Recovery Act; Emergency Banking Act relief; Morris Plan; and criticism of Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Duncan U. Fletcher; and William Gibbs McAdoo","Box 31: Senate investigation of J. P. Morgan;Gold standard; Expand use of silver; stability of the dollar; praise for Carter Glass radio speech \"Facts about Fiscal Policy of Our Government During the Past Few Years\" and \"Shall We Go Over the Precipice?\" Duncan U. Fletcher; Edmund Platt; and Herbert L. Myrick","Box 32: Rsponses to Glass speech [\"Shall We Go Over the Precipice?\"] against Roosevelt inflation bill; Emergency Bank Bill; Bankruptcy legislation; Banking Act of 1935; Credit Union Act; Marriner S. Eccles as Governor of the Federal Reserve Board; Branchbanking; Bank of the United States; death of Eugerne R. Black; and Philippine currency. Charles S. Hamlin; Edmund Platt; George W. Norris; George L. Harrison; Herny Parker Willis; Paul M. Warburg; Henry B. Steagall; Clifton A. Woodrum; Edward W. Kemmerer;Rudolph Spreckels; Sam M. Kaplan; John Foster Dulles; Milton Friedman; T. F. Wentworth; Dean Acheson; Chester Morrill; Walter Wyatt; Eugene R. Black; James P. Warburg; and James Elliott Heath","Box 33: (Fletcher-Rayburn Bill, Kean Bill; National Securities Exchange Act, McLeod Bill, or the Banking Act of 1935); Federal Reserve Amendment Section 12b; Morris-Sheppard Bill; Chester Morrill; Thomas B. McAdams; William Gibbs McAdoo; Elmer Thomas; Henry Morgenthau, Jr.; Eugene Meyer; Duncan U. Fletcher; Jesse H. Jones; and Richard C. Whitney","Box 34: Banking Act of 1933; National Securities Exchange Act; Kean Bill; Fletcher-Rayburn Bill; misuse of the Federal Reserve System; de-evaluation of the dollar; and Gold Reserve Act","Box 35: Banking Act of 1935; Gold Reserve Act; Gold speech of Russell C. Leffingwell; National Recovery Act; Hugh S. Johnson; Kaplan Plan; Robert L. Owen inquiry; Huey Long; Goldsborough Amendment;Elmer Thomas; Charles S. Hamlin; George Wharton Pepper; Henry H. Heiman; Henry Parker Willis; George W. Norris; Duncan U. Fletcher; J. F. T. O'Connor; Robert D. Kent; Royal S. Copeland; Edward W. Kemmerer; and A. Willis Robertson","Box 36: Responses to the Banking Act of 1935; Harry Flood Byrd; Duncan U. Fletcher; A. Willis Robertson; Leo T. Crowley; Jesse H. Jones; Edmund Platt; Henry Morgenthau, Jr.; J. F. T. O'Connor; Thomas B. McAdams; and Thomas P. Gore","Box 37: Responses to the Banking Act of 1935; Glass concerns about Marriner S. Eccles as Governor of the Federal Reserve Board and criticism of government and political control of banking; Federal Reserve Act authorship; Goldsborough Amendment; Townsend Plan; A. H. Dobson; Frank A. Vanderlip; Irving Fisher; Walter Lichtenstein; Arthur Capper; Duncan U. Fletcher; Bennett Champ Clark; Thomas P. Gore; Henry Heiman; Thomas B. McAdams; Hollins N. Randolph; Hugo L. Black; and Thorwald Siegfried","Box 38: Banking Act of 1935; Gold clause; Comptroller of the Currency; silver; Robert L. Owen inquiry; Reconstruction Finance Corporation; repeal of Thomas Amendment; concern about Marriner S. Eccles as Governor of the Federal Reserve Board; portrait of John Skelton Williams; Edmund Platt; Agnes and Eugene Meyer; Chester Morrill; Robert F. Wagner; Kenneth D. McKellar; George L. Harrison; Harry S. Truman; George W. Norris; Henry Parker Willis; Henry Morgenthau, Jr.; Marriner S. Eccles and Russell C. Leffingwell(Treasury and Nye Report)","Box 39: Repeal Thomas Amendment; Branch banking; Bankhead-Jones Farm Act; Federal Land Bank of Baltimore Bank Holding companies; and Reconstruction Finance Corporation.William Gibbs McAdoo,Edmund Platt,Thomas B. McAdams,Henry Heiman,Jesse H. Jones,Henry Morgenthau, Jr.,Robert L. Owen,and the death of Henry Parker Willis","Box 40: Henry Parker Willis Foundation; Federal Reserve Act anniversary; J. F. T. O'Connor resignation; misuse of the Federal Reserve System; Robert L. Owen and Carter Glass accusations against Marriner S. Eccles; Reconstruction Finance Corporation; Clayton Act; Mead Bill; De-evaluation of the dollar;silver program; Gold Act; Home Owners Loan Corporation Act; Self-liquidating Bill; and Barden Bill.Edmund Platt,Jesse H. Jones, William Gibbs McAdoo,Henry Morgenthau, Jr.,Robert F. Wagner,and Marriner S. Eccles","Box 41: Tribute to Edmund Platt; Embargo Act; Banking and Currency Committee pending legislation; Branch banking; Silver Purchase Act; de-evaluation of the dollar; Trust Indenture Act (Robert F.Wagner); Bank Holding company; Jones Wheeler Bill; Federal Home Loan Bank Act; Clayton Act; Townsend Plan; FDIC; Pittman Amendment; Farm Relief Bill; Reconstruction Finance Corporation; Wagner Lea Bill; and disappointment with Marriner S. Eccles;Harry Flood Byrd,Jesse H. Jones,Henry Heiman,Frederic Delano,and Leo T. Crowley","Box 42: Tribute to Carter Glass; Banking and Currency Committee pending legislation; FDIC and excess profits tax; Federal Reserve Amendment Section 23; medal for Howard Hughes; American Palestine Committee (Robert F. Wagner); Farm credit; Credit Union Act; price control; Bank Holding Company; Reconstruction Finance Corporation; de-evaluation of the dollar Federal Reserve Act authorship; and criticism of Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Cordell Hull; Walter Lichtenstein; Chester Morrill; Robert F. Wagner; and Leo T. Crowley","H. S. Trout, president First National Bank, hoping that the bill will be defeated","Glass expressses concern that Untermeyer is trying to push the Aldrich Bill. Other correspondents include William A. Glasgow, A. P. Pujo, Hubert D. Stephens, and Henry Parker Willis","Glasgow to act as counsel to the Banking and Currency Committee of the Senate","Set up a meeting with the President to revise the currency system; Henry Parker Willis; and reference to Aldrich Bill","J. C. Goodloe suggests the need for new banking laws in order to help the farmers","Offering methods to create calmness in banking instead of panic","Banking and Currency Committee of the Senate Banking survey questions about banking","Criticism of S. 4129 and H.R. 13570 to place tax on real estate instead of stocks and bonds to help relieve bankrupt Treasury","Colonel House wants to set up a secret meeting for Samuel Untermeyer with President Wilson in order to promote the Aldrich Bill","Glass apologizes for his reaction to a speech given by Forgan","Charles McCulloch, Andrew J. Montague, and William GibbsMcAdoo","Includes correspondence about the banking bills from January to April 1916. (Carter Glass correspondence with Clement C. Dickinson January 22, 1916 defending the Federal Reserve.)","Bankruptcy laws, World War I","Mentions medal for Howard Hughes","includes correspondence Carter Glass","See also 1933","Woodrow Wilson typed speech to the House of Representatives","Historic moment when Glass takes the first transatlantic flight to Europe with the loan from Treasurer Russell C. Leffingwell","Agriculture Appropriation Bill; Smith-lever funds; and African Americans in Virginia","See also Trade Farmers' and Growers Association Box 52 Folder 1","printed item \"The Aluminum Monopoly\"","Virginia Polytechnic Institute request for captured German cannon","mention of J. G. Ferneyhough and cows also","Edwin Anderson Alderman, Governor E.Lee Trinkle, Jr.","Glass S. 4029 to determine location for engagement of war vessels and memorial; interview with last survivor of the Merrimac, Richard Curtis; and John Stewart Bryan","Sibley lawsuit claim H. B. 3436","Elben C. Folkes requests help for his son; lawsuit J. G. Ferneyhough; Senator Couzens; and Florence Adams nomination for AppleBlossom Princess","Edwin Anderson Alderman letter advocating for a hospital in Charlottesville","Memorial Bridge approach bill; H. R. 796; furlough and shorter work week; claims; capital punishment for kidnappers H. R. 96; transportation of persons or property in commerce by motor carrier S. 2793; opposition to income tax;Montgomery county Civic Federation special meeting; Tariff Act of 1930 to import science books for teaching purposes; stamp tax on bank checks (banking); Public Works Program; equal protection of voters in Puerto Rico S. 4691; unemployment relief bills; Railroad pension bill H. R. 10023 and S. 3892, H. R. 9891; Hatfield Bill; Keller Bill 4646; S. 4161; Boulder Dam; Home Loan Bank S. 2959; Emergency Industries Preservation Act; Stuart Junior High School; Albemarle County Medical Society S. 3090 and H. R. 8077; prohibit experiments on living dogs in District of Columbia S. 2146; night work pay H. R. 11267; District of Columbia appropriation bill H. R. 11361; Brookhart Bill censorship of moving pictures; vocational rehabilitation S. 3818; opposition to abolishment of Army Transports and Panama Railroad Steamship Line; Federal relief for unemployed; Capper-Kelly bill to relief excise taxes on druggist; patenting of original designs of silk patterns; Georgetown Branch Library Building and District of Columbia appropriation bill; radio lottery advertising H. R. 7716; Injunction measure S. 936; strengthen immigration laws H. B. 1967; crime to advocate overthrow of government H. B. 8549; issue two or three billions in bonds of small denominations for soldiers bonus or as currency;intrinsic property values vs market values in depression times; and President Hoover's Bankers-Industrialists Committee of Twelve for Credit Expansion","Ernie Adamson","immigration; Tangiers Island; and Colgate W. Darden, Jr.","Harry Flood Byrd","Frances Perkins","Robert F. Wagner","Kenneth McKellar; and Astor case","See also Political correspondence","See also Political correspondence","See also Legislative correspondence 1921","Colgate Darden Jr.","Schuyler O. Bland","\"Pump Priming Bill\" Harry Flood Byrd; Public Works Administration; Equal Rights Bill; and Industrial Profits Tax","There are no restrictions in this collection except for veterans claims.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Carter Glass Papers, 1820/1946"],"collection_ssim":["Carter Glass Papers, 1820/1946"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 2913","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/206"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 2913","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/206"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia -- Politics and government -- 20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia -- Politics and government -- 20th century"],"places_ssim":["Virginia -- Politics and government -- 20th century"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions in this collection except for veterans claims."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a gift from the Glass family to the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia in 1948."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Banks and banking -- United States","Judges -- Selection and appointment","Depressions -- 1929 -- United States","Labor laws and legislation -- United States","World War, 1939-1945","World War, 1914-1918"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Banks and banking -- United States","Judges -- Selection and appointment","Depressions -- 1929 -- United States","Labor laws and legislation -- United States","World War, 1939-1945","World War, 1914-1918"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["141 Cubic Feet 285 document boxes, 3 oversize flat boxes"],"extent_tesim":["141 Cubic Feet 285 document boxes, 3 oversize flat boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research. Restrictions apply to veterans claims.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research. Restrictions apply to veterans claims."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into four series: Series 1. Banking: Subseries banking correspondence,  banking printed, Series 2. Correspondence: Subseries legislative, military, political, topical, greeting cards, business and related cards, honors, constituent (patronage, praise),veterans claim (restricted), and veterinary (farming), Series 3. Manuscripts and miscellaneous, Series 4. Printed and miscellaneous: Subseries newspaper clippings, articles, bills, reports and photographs, speeches, and election tickets. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDue to the large size of this collection these categories are meant as general guidelines and some cross over of subjects can be expected throughout the series. Similarly,further searching may be necessary if an area of research is not found in the identified series of the guide, for example military correspondence is located chronologically throughout the collection and as a subseries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1 Banking Correspondence is in boxes 1-43, 171-177; Banking Printed is in boxes 44-47; Series 2 Correspondence: Legislative Correspondence is in boxes 47-105, 178-180; Military Correspondence is in boxes 105-109; Political Correspondence is in boxes 109-143, 180-183; Topical Correspondence is in boxes 143-169; 183-193; Greeting Cards are in boxes 169-170; Honors are in box 170; Constituent Correspondence is in boxes 194-220; Patronage Correspondence is in boxes 220-249; Praise for Carter Glass is in boxes 250-258; Invitations are in boxes 259-264; Veteran's Claims (restricted) are in boxes 265-268; Veterinarian and farming (cows) are in box 269; Series 3 Manuscripts and Miscellaneous are in box 270; Series 4 Printed(including newspaper articles, photographs, and speeches) are in boxes 271-279; Letterbooks for 1918-1919 are in boxes 281-282.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into four series: Series 1. Banking: Subseries banking correspondence,  banking printed, Series 2. Correspondence: Subseries legislative, military, political, topical, greeting cards, business and related cards, honors, constituent (patronage, praise),veterans claim (restricted), and veterinary (farming), Series 3. Manuscripts and miscellaneous, Series 4. Printed and miscellaneous: Subseries newspaper clippings, articles, bills, reports and photographs, speeches, and election tickets.","Due to the large size of this collection these categories are meant as general guidelines and some cross over of subjects can be expected throughout the series. Similarly,further searching may be necessary if an area of research is not found in the identified series of the guide, for example military correspondence is located chronologically throughout the collection and as a subseries.","Series 1 Banking Correspondence is in boxes 1-43, 171-177; Banking Printed is in boxes 44-47; Series 2 Correspondence: Legislative Correspondence is in boxes 47-105, 178-180; Military Correspondence is in boxes 105-109; Political Correspondence is in boxes 109-143, 180-183; Topical Correspondence is in boxes 143-169; 183-193; Greeting Cards are in boxes 169-170; Honors are in box 170; Constituent Correspondence is in boxes 194-220; Patronage Correspondence is in boxes 220-249; Praise for Carter Glass is in boxes 250-258; Invitations are in boxes 259-264; Veteran's Claims (restricted) are in boxes 265-268; Veterinarian and farming (cows) are in box 269; Series 3 Manuscripts and Miscellaneous are in box 270; Series 4 Printed(including newspaper articles, photographs, and speeches) are in boxes 271-279; Letterbooks for 1918-1919 are in boxes 281-282."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e Carter Glass (January 4, 1858 – May 28, 1946) was born on January 4, 1858, in Lynchburg, Virginia, to Robert Henry Glass and Augusta Elizabeth Christian. He became a newspaper publisher (like his father)and after hearing a speech by William Jenning Bryan in 1896, entered politics in 1902 as a Democrat in the United States House of Representatives and was re-elected to eight terms. He was a United States Senator from Lynchburg, Virginia from 1920 until his death in 1946.  In 1913, he became Chairman of the House Committee on Banking and Currency, where he worked with President Woodrow Wilson to pass the Glass-Owen Federal Reserve Act and he went on to pass the Glass-Steagall Act in 1932 and the Banking Act in 1933 that made banking more stable in the United States. In 1918, President Wilson appointed him Secretary of the Treasury, where he marketed Victory Liberty Loans for World War I debts.  At the 1920 Democratic National Convention Glass was nominated for President of the United States. Many of his supporters have said that at 5'4 inches tall, his speeches and political prowess made him seem larger than life.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCarter Glass became an apprentice printer to his father when he was 13 years old, and continued his education through reading literature in his father's library. At the age of 22, Glass became a reporter, a job he had long sought, for the \"Lynchburg News\". He rose to become the morning newspaper's editor by 1887. After acquiring the afternoon \"Daily Advance\", the competing \"Daily Republican\",  he became Lynchburg's sole newspaper publisher. The \"Lynchburg News and Advance\" is the successor publication to his newspapers. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Carter Glass played a major role in the establishment of the U.S. financial regulatory system, helping to establish the Federal Reserve System and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. He co-sponsored the 1933 Banking Act, also known as the Glass–Steagall Act, which created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and enforced the separation of investment banking firms and commercial banks. His banking reforms (Banking Act of 1913, Glass Steagall Act 1932, Banking Act of 1933) earned him gratitude across the country, landing him on the cover of Time Magazine twice, and honoring him with many degrees from universities.  Prior to Glass's reforms, the country's banking system was chaotic and regulated by bankers. The Glass-Steagall bill restricted banks from engaging in invesment banking. The country had suffered eight recessions between 1890 and 1914. Portions of the Glass-Steagall bill were repealed in 1999, allowing banks to combine their own investment activity with commercial banking and possibly contributing to the recession in 2008.\n \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNot as well-publicized was Carter Glass's lifelong opposition to voting rights for African Americans. One of Glass's first political exploits was helping craft the revised 1902 Virginia Constitution to bar [African American] citizens from voting. The 1902 Constitution instituted a poll tax and required bulk payment after a voter missed elections, making voting a luxury. The Constitution also required that voters pass a literacy test with their performance graded by the registrar. When questioned as to whether these measures were potentially discriminatory, Glass exclaimed, \"Discrimination! Why that is exactly what we propose. To remove every [African American] voter who can be gotten rid of, legally, without materially impairing the numerical strength of the white electorate.\" Indeed, the number of African Americans qualified to vote dropped from 147,000 to 21,000 immediately. More than 50 years after it was ratified, the Lynchburg senator remained opposed to the 15th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which granted African Americans the right to vote. He said in the 1920's it \"constituted an attempt to destroy white civilization in nearly one-third of the nation and to erect on its ruins an Ethiopian state ignorant, profligate, corrupt, controlled by manumitted slaves.\" Glass was in step with his white constituents in Virginia, where African Americans did not receive equal voting rights until the 1960s. In 1928, during a debate involving prohibition, Glass said, \"people of the original thirteen Southern States curse and deride and spit upon the Fifteenth Amendment — and have no intention of letting the [African American] vote\" all the while maintaining Virginia was complying with the law.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nCarter Glass remained one of the strongest advocates of segregation and continued to dedicate much of his political career to the perpetuation of Jim Crow laws in the South. He sponsored massive resistance legislation along with Virginia Senator Harry F. Byrd of Winchester, another Virginia newspaperman who shared many of Glass's political views. Both Glass and Byrd were opposed to Roosevelt's New Deal policies. Each was a strong supporter of fiscal conservatism and states' rights. Carter Glass supported President Roosevelt but later criticized his policies, including the New Deal, attempts to pack the Supreme Court, third term presidency, and nominations for Federal Judgeships.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGlass had suffered from ill health throughout his life, and usually walked on tip toes because he believed that would help with his indigestion. He kept his seat in his final term in the Senate even though he was not able to be in attendance. He died in his hotel apartment in Washington, D.C., on May 28, 1946. His funeral in Lynchburg was attended by the Chief Justice, the Secretary of State, 11 Senators, 11 House members, and other notables. History remembers Carter Glass as the Father of the Federal Reserve Act but today history also considers his role in the 1902 Constitution that disenfranchised virtually every black voter in the state. The reduction in African American votes helped him politically and put him in a postion to create the banking reform legislation. Nationally, Glass might have been the architect of financial reform that stabilized the nation's banking system, but at home, historian J. Douglas Smith calls him, \"the architect of disenfranchisement in the Old Dominion.\" Harvard University named their business school, Glass House, after Carter Glass achievements in banking, but they have now changed the name to Cash House, for James Cash, the first African American tenured professor at Harvard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSources: \nWikipedia\nJoe Stinnett, retired editor of The News \u0026amp; Advance and The Roanoke Times.\nThe Roanoke Times\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Carter Glass (January 4, 1858 – May 28, 1946) was born on January 4, 1858, in Lynchburg, Virginia, to Robert Henry Glass and Augusta Elizabeth Christian. He became a newspaper publisher (like his father)and after hearing a speech by William Jenning Bryan in 1896, entered politics in 1902 as a Democrat in the United States House of Representatives and was re-elected to eight terms. He was a United States Senator from Lynchburg, Virginia from 1920 until his death in 1946.  In 1913, he became Chairman of the House Committee on Banking and Currency, where he worked with President Woodrow Wilson to pass the Glass-Owen Federal Reserve Act and he went on to pass the Glass-Steagall Act in 1932 and the Banking Act in 1933 that made banking more stable in the United States. In 1918, President Wilson appointed him Secretary of the Treasury, where he marketed Victory Liberty Loans for World War I debts.  At the 1920 Democratic National Convention Glass was nominated for President of the United States. Many of his supporters have said that at 5'4 inches tall, his speeches and political prowess made him seem larger than life.","Carter Glass became an apprentice printer to his father when he was 13 years old, and continued his education through reading literature in his father's library. At the age of 22, Glass became a reporter, a job he had long sought, for the \"Lynchburg News\". He rose to become the morning newspaper's editor by 1887. After acquiring the afternoon \"Daily Advance\", the competing \"Daily Republican\",  he became Lynchburg's sole newspaper publisher. The \"Lynchburg News and Advance\" is the successor publication to his newspapers.","Carter Glass played a major role in the establishment of the U.S. financial regulatory system, helping to establish the Federal Reserve System and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. He co-sponsored the 1933 Banking Act, also known as the Glass–Steagall Act, which created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and enforced the separation of investment banking firms and commercial banks. His banking reforms (Banking Act of 1913, Glass Steagall Act 1932, Banking Act of 1933) earned him gratitude across the country, landing him on the cover of Time Magazine twice, and honoring him with many degrees from universities.  Prior to Glass's reforms, the country's banking system was chaotic and regulated by bankers. The Glass-Steagall bill restricted banks from engaging in invesment banking. The country had suffered eight recessions between 1890 and 1914. Portions of the Glass-Steagall bill were repealed in 1999, allowing banks to combine their own investment activity with commercial banking and possibly contributing to the recession in 2008.","Not as well-publicized was Carter Glass's lifelong opposition to voting rights for African Americans. One of Glass's first political exploits was helping craft the revised 1902 Virginia Constitution to bar [African American] citizens from voting. The 1902 Constitution instituted a poll tax and required bulk payment after a voter missed elections, making voting a luxury. The Constitution also required that voters pass a literacy test with their performance graded by the registrar. When questioned as to whether these measures were potentially discriminatory, Glass exclaimed, \"Discrimination! Why that is exactly what we propose. To remove every [African American] voter who can be gotten rid of, legally, without materially impairing the numerical strength of the white electorate.\" Indeed, the number of African Americans qualified to vote dropped from 147,000 to 21,000 immediately. More than 50 years after it was ratified, the Lynchburg senator remained opposed to the 15th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which granted African Americans the right to vote. He said in the 1920's it \"constituted an attempt to destroy white civilization in nearly one-third of the nation and to erect on its ruins an Ethiopian state ignorant, profligate, corrupt, controlled by manumitted slaves.\" Glass was in step with his white constituents in Virginia, where African Americans did not receive equal voting rights until the 1960s. In 1928, during a debate involving prohibition, Glass said, \"people of the original thirteen Southern States curse and deride and spit upon the Fifteenth Amendment — and have no intention of letting the [African American] vote\" all the while maintaining Virginia was complying with the law.","Carter Glass remained one of the strongest advocates of segregation and continued to dedicate much of his political career to the perpetuation of Jim Crow laws in the South. He sponsored massive resistance legislation along with Virginia Senator Harry F. Byrd of Winchester, another Virginia newspaperman who shared many of Glass's political views. Both Glass and Byrd were opposed to Roosevelt's New Deal policies. Each was a strong supporter of fiscal conservatism and states' rights. Carter Glass supported President Roosevelt but later criticized his policies, including the New Deal, attempts to pack the Supreme Court, third term presidency, and nominations for Federal Judgeships.","Glass had suffered from ill health throughout his life, and usually walked on tip toes because he believed that would help with his indigestion. He kept his seat in his final term in the Senate even though he was not able to be in attendance. He died in his hotel apartment in Washington, D.C., on May 28, 1946. His funeral in Lynchburg was attended by the Chief Justice, the Secretary of State, 11 Senators, 11 House members, and other notables. History remembers Carter Glass as the Father of the Federal Reserve Act but today history also considers his role in the 1902 Constitution that disenfranchised virtually every black voter in the state. The reduction in African American votes helped him politically and put him in a postion to create the banking reform legislation. Nationally, Glass might have been the architect of financial reform that stabilized the nation's banking system, but at home, historian J. Douglas Smith calls him, \"the architect of disenfranchisement in the Old Dominion.\" Harvard University named their business school, Glass House, after Carter Glass achievements in banking, but they have now changed the name to Cash House, for James Cash, the first African American tenured professor at Harvard.","Sources: \nWikipedia\nJoe Stinnett, retired editor of The News \u0026 Advance and The Roanoke Times.\nThe Roanoke Times"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 2913, Carter Glass papers, Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 2913, Carter Glass papers, Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Carter Glass papers, 1820-1946, 141 cubic feet, consist of correspondence, manuscripts, newspaper articles, photographs, speeches, and printed materials from his work in the Banking and Currency Committee, the Secretary of the Treasury (1918-1920), and the United States Senate (1920-1946). Subjects include: The Federal Reserve Banking Act of 1913, the Federal Reserve system, and the Banking Act of 1933 (1932 Glass-Steagall Act).  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOther topics include international, national and state issues reflected in the politics of this time period including opposition to the National Industrial Recovery Act; National Labor Relations Act; Bank Holding Company Bill; Office of Price Administration; World Wars I and II; League of Nations; World Court; Democratic Party platforms and policies; presidential elections of 1912, 1920, 1924, 1928, and 1940; Senator Huey P. Long; Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal; attempted packing of the Supreme Court; neutrality legislation; disarmament; regulation of the coal industry; (business) products and services; child labor; anti-lynching law; immigration restriction (especially Chinese in Hawaii); Muscle Shoals; trade with Russia; diplomatic relations with the Vatican; Four-Power Treaty; soldiers' bonus bill; tariffs and protectionism; and national defense.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVirginia topics of concern to Glass or his constituents include poll tax elimination; African American suffrage; women's suffrage; highways; intrastate commerce; University of Virginia Board of Visitors;  Woodrow Wilson Foundation; national Patrick Henry shrine at \"Red Hill\"; gubernatorial election of 1924; Bishop James Cannon, Jr., prohibition and the Anti-saloon League; Skyline Drive; Spotsylvania Battlefield Park; Virginia Fight For Freedom Committee; operation of the Lynchburg News and Advance; and patronage requests from Lynchburg, Roanoke, and Bedford, Campbell, Floyd, Montgomery, and Roanoke Counties, Va.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMiscellaneous items of interest include a letter describing the early life of Booker T. Washington, election tickets for 1848, a 1906 recipe book, and letters concerning Glass' belief in the Baconian theory of Shakespeare authorship.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmong the many correspondents are Edwin A. Alderman, Newton Baker, Ray Stannard Baker, Alben Barkley, Bernard Baruch, William E. Borah, Chester Bowles, John Stewart Bryan, William Jennings Bryan, Harry F. Byrd, Richard E. Byrd, Calvin Coolidge, John W. Daniel, Josephus Daniels, Colgate W. Darden, Westmoreland Davis, Frederic A. Delano, the Democratic National Committee, Marriner S. Eccles, James A. Farley, Henry Ford, Douglas Southall Freeman, James A. Garfield, Samuel Gompers, Cary T. Grayson, Charles S. Hamlin, William P.G. Harding, Warren G. Harding, George L. Harrison, J. Edgar Hoover,Herbert Hoover, Edwin M. House, Cordell Hull, Harold Ickes, Hugh S. Johnson, Jesse Jones, Joseph P. Kennedy, Russell C. Leffingwell, Walter Lippmann, Huey Long, William Gibbs McAdoo, George Walter Mapp, Andrew Mellon, Eugene and Agnes Meyer, Andrew J. Montague, R. Walton Moore, Henry Morgenthau, Jr., Robert L. Owen, George C. Peery, Edmund Platt, John Garland Pollard, A. Willis Robertson, Eleanor Roosevelt, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Dave E. Satterfield, C. Bascom Slemp, Rixey Smith, Billy Sunday, Claude A. Swanson, Harry S. Truman, Joseph P. Tumulty, Oscar W. Underwood, Samuel Untermeyer, Arthur H. Vandenberg, Robert F. Wagner, Henry A. Wallace, Paul Moritz Warburg, Richard S. Whaley, William Allen White, John Skelton Williams, Henry Parker Willis, , Edith Bolling Wilson, Woodrow Wilson, Clifton A. Woodrum, and Walter Wyatt.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents include President Woodrow Wilson, Samuel Untermyer, Henry Parker Willis, Charles G. Hamlin, William Gibbs McAdoo, Robert Owen, Victor Morawetz, Harry F. Byrd, John Skelton Williams, Henry Moehlenpah, Paul M. Warburg (under revision)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox summaries\nBox 1: The Federal Reserve Bank Act and Federal Reserve system; the Federal Farm Loan Act; Panic of 1912; The Aldrich Bill; branch banks; central banking board; gold reserves; Currency [reform] Bill of 1913; Emergency Banking Act, 1933; the Banking Act of 1933 (Glass-Steagall Act; the Bank Bill of 1935; opposition to the National Industrial Recovery Act; the National Labor Relations Act; the Bank Holding Company Bill; and the Office of Price Administration.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 2: Federal Reserve Act (Glass-Owen Bill)6454, 2639, 7837;Aldrich-Vreeland Law;Federal Farm Loan Act Rural Credits Bill;and Clayton Anti-Trust Bill\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 3: Federal Reserve Act; Federal Reserve Banks; Federal Farm Loan Act; Land Mortgage Bank Bill; Branch banking; Kern Bill; Hollis Buckley Bill; Usury laws; Charles S. Hamlin; Edmund D. Hulbert; William Gibbs McAdoo; J. H. Tregoe; Woodrow Wilson; John Skelton Williams; Henry A. Moehlenpah; Frederic A. Delano; and Carter Glass\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 4: Federal Farm Loan Act;Rural credits;Federal Reserve Amendments and responses; McFadden Bill; Hollis Buckley Bill; and gold certificates\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 5: Federal Reserve Amendments and responses (Kitchin and Hardwick Bill);and Pomerene Bill. Charles S. Hamlin,William Gibbs McAdoo,Woodrow Wilson,Clayton Act,George M. Reynolds,Paul M. Warburg,John Skelton Williams,and Carter Glass\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 6: Federal Reserve Amendments and responses (Kitchin and Hardwick Bill); Federal Reserve Act authorship; Capital Issues Committee; Federal Land Bank of Baltimore; and the Revenue Act of 1918.George Norris,Edmund Platt, Frederic A. Delano, William P. G. Harding,Paul M. Warburg,Charles S. Hamlin, John Skelton Williams,Henry Parker Willis,Eugene Meyer,and Carter Glass\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 7: Federal Reserve Act authorship; Federal Farm Loan Amendments; Federal Land Banks; currency shortage; check collection; Smoot Bill; Liberty loans; Federal Reserve Bank of New York; railroad and shipping costs; War Finance Corporation; and Second Pan American Conference. William P. G. Harding,George W. Norris,Robert L. Owen,Russell C. Leffingwell,Benjamin Strong,John Skelton Williams renomination,William Gibbs McAdoo,Charles S. Hamlin,and Carter Glass\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 8: Federal Reserve Act authorship; Clayton Anti-Trust Act; Smoot Bill; check collecting fees; branch banking; Virginia-Carolina Joint StockLandBank; budget bill; excess profits tax; gold; and Liberty bonds. Walter Edward Harris, Charles A. Korbly,Edmund Platt,William Skelton Williams,William P. G. Harding,William Gibbs McAdoo, Hollins N. Randolph,Henry Parker Willis,Russell C. Leffingwell,Arthur Capper,Thomas B. McAdams,and Carter Glass\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 9: Federal Reserve Act and authorship; Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond; Bank of Haysi; Bank of New York; Open market commercial paper rates; McFadden Bill; discount rates; Overman Resolution; Liberty bonds; Pan American Conference; and Russian trade.William P. G. Harding,John Skelton Williams,Thomas B. McAdams,Russell C. Leffingwell,Edmund Platt,John Thomas Heflin,Hollins N. Randolph,William Gibbs McAdoo,George J. Seay,Henry Parker Willis, George Armstrong,Benjamin Strong,and Carter Glass\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 10: Federal Reserve System; McFadden Bill H. R. 2; Farm Loan Mortgage; discount rates and eligible paper; Pittman Silver Act; Frank A. Vanderlip banking plan; War Finance Corporation; Bank of New York; bank failure; Anderson Bill; Lenroot Bill; and William P. G. Harding reappointment.John Skelton Williams,Reed Smoot,Hollins N. Randolph,Russell C. Leffingwell,Thomas B. McAdams,Paul M. Warburg,Edmund Platt,Henry Parker Willis,Woodrow Wilson,Benjamin Strong, Daniel C. Roper, William Gibbs McAdoo,Charles S. Hamlin,George W. Norris,and Carter Glass\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 12:Federal Reserve Act authorship; McNary-Haugen Billand (speech responses); McFadden Bill; Federal Farm Loan Act; and Carter Glass book. Walter Edward Harris,Paul Warburg,Norman Davis,Walter E. Edge,Charles W. Collins,Charles S. Hamlin,Henry Parker Willis,George J. Seay,Benjamin Strong,and Edmund Platt\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 13: Pascagoula case; Federal Reserve Act authorship; McFadden Bill; \"Committee of One Hundred\"; Carter Glass book; and the McNary-Haugen Bill. Henry Parker Willis,William P. G. Harding,George J. Seay,Harry Flood Byrd,Bernard M. Baruch,Russell C. Leffingwell,Charles S. Hamlin,Charles W. Collins,Walter Edward Harris,Thomas B. McAdams,George W. Norris,and Edmund Platt\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 14 Federal Reserve Act authorship; McFadden Bill; Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas; Lafollette Resolution; \"Committee of One Hundred\"; Federal Home Loan Bill; misuse of Federal Reserve System; President Roosevelt criticism of Federal Reserve System; Charles E. Mitchell; and bank failures. Eugene Meyer,Edmund Platt,Henry Parker Willis,Bishop James Cannon, Jr., Thomas B. McAdams,Russell C. Plainwell,and Elben C. Folks\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 15: Federal Reserve Act authorship; responses to Depression and banking crisis; Bank of Kentucky; curb stock speculations; security abuses; Charles E. Mitchell; McFadden Bill; and criticism of Herbert Hoover. Thomas B. McAdams,Walter B. Mahoney,John W. Pole,Edmund Platt,Henry Parker Willis,Bernard M. Baruch,Eugene Meyer,William P. G. Harding,George L. Harrison,George W. Norris,George J. Seay,and Richard C. Whitney\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 16: Responses to the Depressionand(banking crisis); and Bank of Kentucky.Jouett Shouse,Henry Parker Willis,Henry B. Steagall,Eugene Meyer,Charles S. Hamlin,Milton S. Florsheim,Samuel M. Kaplan,and Elben C. Folkes\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 17: Responses to the Depression and banking crisis; President Hoover Plan; Federal Land Banks; Wall Street bankers; bank failures; Bank of Kentucky; Federal Reserve Act authorship; Federal Farm Loan Act; Federal Home Loan; and Hoover moratorium. Bernard M. Baruch,Jouett Shouse,Richard C. Whitney,Charles S. Hamlin,Henry A. Moehlenpah,Millard E. Tydings,Henry Parker Willis,Andrew W. Mellon,Edmund Platt,Eugene Meyer,Russell C. Leffingwell,and Thomas B. McAdams\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 18:Depression and banking crisis; Bank of Kentucky; Senate Committee on Banking and Currency Hearings; Reconstruction Finance Corporation; Nye Report; Pan American Finance Conference; Gold; Silver; and death of E. C. Glass. Elben C. Folkes,Al Kaplan,Herbert Hoover,Jouett Shouse,Charles S. Hamlin,George L. Harrison, Thorwald Siegfried, Eugene Meyer,and Pat H. Drewery\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 19:Federal Home Loan Bank; Federal Land Bank of Baltimore; foreclosures; Glass-Steagall; and Henry Parker Willis articles in France on gold upsetting to colleagues.Franklin Delano Roosevelt,John W. Pole,Henry B. Steagall,Oliver J. Sands,Russell C. Leffingwell,Charles W. Collins,Charles S. Hamlin,and George L. Harrison\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 20-24: Glass Steagall responses; and Glass speech on gold\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 25: Glass-Steagall Act; Goldsborough Bill; gold standard; Reconstruction Finance Corporation; Joint Stock Land Banks;Revenue Act of 1932; responses to Carter Glass speech;praise for Carter Glass; bank failures; Banking study; Holiday proclamation by President Roosevelt; Funding for projects such as the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, and a bridge across the Potomac River; Herbert Hoover;Newton D. Baker;Russell C. Leffingwell;George L. Harrison; Eugene Meyer; Samuel Untermyer; Chester Morrill; George W. Norris; Richard S. Whaley;Princess Amelie Rives Troubetzkoy;James F. Byrnes;Louis Wiley; Robert J. Bulkley;John W. Owens;HenryParker Willis; and the Dallas Chamber of Commerce\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 26: Responses to banking crisis and Depressionand criticism of Herbert Hoover\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 27: Responses to Depression; McNary-Haugen Bill; Home Loan Bill; Emergency Farm Mortgage Act of 1933; Thomas Bill; Federal Reserve Amendment Section 10b; Glass-Steagall Banking Act; and Credit Report U.S. S. R. (George N. Peek).George L. Harrison,Chester Morrill,Russell C. Leffingwell,Louis T. McFadden,Emmanuel Kaplan,Hugh S. Johnson,and the National Recovery Act\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 28: Glass-Steagall Act responses; Emergency Bank Bill; California banks; and Goldsborough Amendment. Edmund Platt and Frank A. Vanderlip\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 29: Glass-Steagall Act responses, and Section 19 Statewide branch banking for national banks; Huey Long filibuster; bank guarantees; Charles E. Mitchell investigation; and continued moratorium on closing banks. Duncan U. Fletcher; Ferdinand Pecora; and Virginia Governor John Garland Pollard\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 30: Gold, Reconstruction Finance Corporation, Senate Banking and Currency Committee investigation of J. P. Morgan; Glass-Steagall Banking Act; National Recovery Act; Emergency Banking Act relief; Morris Plan; and criticism of Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Duncan U. Fletcher; and William Gibbs McAdoo\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 31: Senate investigation of J. P. Morgan;Gold standard; Expand use of silver; stability of the dollar; praise for Carter Glass radio speech \"Facts about Fiscal Policy of Our Government During the Past Few Years\" and \"Shall We Go Over the Precipice?\" Duncan U. Fletcher; Edmund Platt; and Herbert L. Myrick\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 32: Rsponses to Glass speech [\"Shall We Go Over the Precipice?\"] against Roosevelt inflation bill; Emergency Bank Bill; Bankruptcy legislation; Banking Act of 1935; Credit Union Act; Marriner S. Eccles as Governor of the Federal Reserve Board; Branchbanking; Bank of the United States; death of Eugerne R. Black; and Philippine currency. Charles S. Hamlin; Edmund Platt; George W. Norris; George L. Harrison; Herny Parker Willis; Paul M. Warburg; Henry B. Steagall; Clifton A. Woodrum; Edward W. Kemmerer;Rudolph Spreckels; Sam M. Kaplan; John Foster Dulles; Milton Friedman; T. F. Wentworth; Dean Acheson; Chester Morrill; Walter Wyatt; Eugene R. Black; James P. Warburg; and James Elliott Heath\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 33: (Fletcher-Rayburn Bill, Kean Bill; National Securities Exchange Act, McLeod Bill, or the Banking Act of 1935); Federal Reserve Amendment Section 12b; Morris-Sheppard Bill; Chester Morrill; Thomas B. McAdams; William Gibbs McAdoo; Elmer Thomas; Henry Morgenthau, Jr.; Eugene Meyer; Duncan U. Fletcher; Jesse H. Jones; and Richard C. Whitney\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 34: Banking Act of 1933; National Securities Exchange Act; Kean Bill; Fletcher-Rayburn Bill; misuse of the Federal Reserve System; de-evaluation of the dollar; and Gold Reserve Act\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 35: Banking Act of 1935; Gold Reserve Act; Gold speech of Russell C. Leffingwell; National Recovery Act; Hugh S. Johnson; Kaplan Plan; Robert L. Owen inquiry; Huey Long; Goldsborough Amendment;Elmer Thomas; Charles S. Hamlin; George Wharton Pepper; Henry H. Heiman; Henry Parker Willis; George W. Norris; Duncan U. Fletcher; J. F. T. O'Connor; Robert D. Kent; Royal S. Copeland; Edward W. Kemmerer; and A. Willis Robertson\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 36: Responses to the Banking Act of 1935; Harry Flood Byrd; Duncan U. Fletcher; A. Willis Robertson; Leo T. Crowley; Jesse H. Jones; Edmund Platt; Henry Morgenthau, Jr.; J. F. T. O'Connor; Thomas B. McAdams; and Thomas P. Gore\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 37: Responses to the Banking Act of 1935; Glass concerns about Marriner S. Eccles as Governor of the Federal Reserve Board and criticism of government and political control of banking; Federal Reserve Act authorship; Goldsborough Amendment; Townsend Plan; A. H. Dobson; Frank A. Vanderlip; Irving Fisher; Walter Lichtenstein; Arthur Capper; Duncan U. Fletcher; Bennett Champ Clark; Thomas P. Gore; Henry Heiman; Thomas B. McAdams; Hollins N. Randolph; Hugo L. Black; and Thorwald Siegfried\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 38: Banking Act of 1935; Gold clause; Comptroller of the Currency; silver; Robert L. Owen inquiry; Reconstruction Finance Corporation; repeal of Thomas Amendment; concern about Marriner S. Eccles as Governor of the Federal Reserve Board; portrait of John Skelton Williams; Edmund Platt; Agnes and Eugene Meyer; Chester Morrill; Robert F. Wagner; Kenneth D. McKellar; George L. Harrison; Harry S. Truman; George W. Norris; Henry Parker Willis; Henry Morgenthau, Jr.; Marriner S. Eccles and Russell C. Leffingwell(Treasury and Nye Report)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 39: Repeal Thomas Amendment; Branch banking; Bankhead-Jones Farm Act; Federal Land Bank of Baltimore Bank Holding companies; and Reconstruction Finance Corporation.William Gibbs McAdoo,Edmund Platt,Thomas B. McAdams,Henry Heiman,Jesse H. Jones,Henry Morgenthau, Jr.,Robert L. Owen,and the death of Henry Parker Willis\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 40: Henry Parker Willis Foundation; Federal Reserve Act anniversary; J. F. T. O'Connor resignation; misuse of the Federal Reserve System; Robert L. Owen and Carter Glass accusations against Marriner S. Eccles; Reconstruction Finance Corporation; Clayton Act; Mead Bill; De-evaluation of the dollar;silver program; Gold Act; Home Owners Loan Corporation Act; Self-liquidating Bill; and Barden Bill.Edmund Platt,Jesse H. Jones, William Gibbs McAdoo,Henry Morgenthau, Jr.,Robert F. Wagner,and Marriner S. Eccles\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 41: Tribute to Edmund Platt; Embargo Act; Banking and Currency Committee pending legislation; Branch banking; Silver Purchase Act; de-evaluation of the dollar; Trust Indenture Act (Robert F.Wagner); Bank Holding company; Jones Wheeler Bill; Federal Home Loan Bank Act; Clayton Act; Townsend Plan; FDIC; Pittman Amendment; Farm Relief Bill; Reconstruction Finance Corporation; Wagner Lea Bill; and disappointment with Marriner S. Eccles;Harry Flood Byrd,Jesse H. Jones,Henry Heiman,Frederic Delano,and Leo T. Crowley\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 42: Tribute to Carter Glass; Banking and Currency Committee pending legislation; FDIC and excess profits tax; Federal Reserve Amendment Section 23; medal for Howard Hughes; American Palestine Committee (Robert F. Wagner); Farm credit; Credit Union Act; price control; Bank Holding Company; Reconstruction Finance Corporation; de-evaluation of the dollar Federal Reserve Act authorship; and criticism of Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Cordell Hull; Walter Lichtenstein; Chester Morrill; Robert F. Wagner; and Leo T. Crowley\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eH. S. Trout, president First National Bank, hoping that the bill will be defeated\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGlass expressses concern that Untermeyer is trying to push the Aldrich Bill. Other correspondents include William A. Glasgow, A. P. Pujo, Hubert D. Stephens, and Henry Parker Willis\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGlasgow to act as counsel to the Banking and Currency Committee of the Senate\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSet up a meeting with the President to revise the currency system; Henry Parker Willis; and reference to Aldrich Bill\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJ. C. Goodloe suggests the need for new banking laws in order to help the farmers\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOffering methods to create calmness in banking instead of panic\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBanking and Currency Committee of the Senate Banking survey questions about banking\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCriticism of S. 4129 and H.R. 13570 to place tax on real estate instead of stocks and bonds to help relieve bankrupt Treasury\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColonel House wants to set up a secret meeting for Samuel Untermeyer with President Wilson in order to promote the Aldrich Bill\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGlass apologizes for his reaction to a speech given by Forgan\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharles McCulloch, Andrew J. Montague, and William GibbsMcAdoo\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes correspondence about the banking bills from January to April 1916. (Carter Glass correspondence with Clement C. Dickinson January 22, 1916 defending the Federal Reserve.)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBankruptcy laws, World War I\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMentions medal for Howard Hughes\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eincludes correspondence Carter Glass\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee also 1933\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWoodrow Wilson typed speech to the House of Representatives\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHistoric moment when Glass takes the first transatlantic flight to Europe with the loan from Treasurer Russell C. Leffingwell\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAgriculture Appropriation Bill; Smith-lever funds; and African Americans in Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee also Trade Farmers' and Growers Association Box 52 Folder 1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eprinted item \"The Aluminum Monopoly\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVirginia Polytechnic Institute request for captured German cannon\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003emention of J. G. Ferneyhough and cows also\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEdwin Anderson Alderman, Governor E.Lee Trinkle, Jr.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGlass S. 4029 to determine location for engagement of war vessels and memorial; interview with last survivor of the Merrimac, Richard Curtis; and John Stewart Bryan\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSibley lawsuit claim H. B. 3436\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eElben C. Folkes requests help for his son; lawsuit J. G. Ferneyhough; Senator Couzens; and Florence Adams nomination for AppleBlossom Princess\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEdwin Anderson Alderman letter advocating for a hospital in Charlottesville\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMemorial Bridge approach bill; H. R. 796; furlough and shorter work week; claims; capital punishment for kidnappers H. R. 96; transportation of persons or property in commerce by motor carrier S. 2793; opposition to income tax;Montgomery county Civic Federation special meeting; Tariff Act of 1930 to import science books for teaching purposes; stamp tax on bank checks (banking); Public Works Program; equal protection of voters in Puerto Rico S. 4691; unemployment relief bills; Railroad pension bill H. R. 10023 and S. 3892, H. R. 9891; Hatfield Bill; Keller Bill 4646; S. 4161; Boulder Dam; Home Loan Bank S. 2959; Emergency Industries Preservation Act; Stuart Junior High School; Albemarle County Medical Society S. 3090 and H. R. 8077; prohibit experiments on living dogs in District of Columbia S. 2146; night work pay H. R. 11267; District of Columbia appropriation bill H. R. 11361; Brookhart Bill censorship of moving pictures; vocational rehabilitation S. 3818; opposition to abolishment of Army Transports and Panama Railroad Steamship Line; Federal relief for unemployed; Capper-Kelly bill to relief excise taxes on druggist; patenting of original designs of silk patterns; Georgetown Branch Library Building and District of Columbia appropriation bill; radio lottery advertising H. R. 7716; Injunction measure S. 936; strengthen immigration laws H. B. 1967; crime to advocate overthrow of government H. B. 8549; issue two or three billions in bonds of small denominations for soldiers bonus or as currency;intrinsic property values vs market values in depression times; and President Hoover's Bankers-Industrialists Committee of Twelve for Credit Expansion\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eErnie Adamson\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eimmigration; Tangiers Island; and Colgate W. Darden, Jr.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarry Flood Byrd\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrances Perkins\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRobert F. Wagner\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eKenneth McKellar; and Astor case\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee also Political correspondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee also Political correspondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee also Legislative correspondence 1921\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColgate Darden Jr.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSchuyler O. Bland\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Pump Priming Bill\" Harry Flood Byrd; Public Works Administration; Equal Rights Bill; and Industrial Profits Tax\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Carter Glass papers, 1820-1946, 141 cubic feet, consist of correspondence, manuscripts, newspaper articles, photographs, speeches, and printed materials from his work in the Banking and Currency Committee, the Secretary of the Treasury (1918-1920), and the United States Senate (1920-1946). Subjects include: The Federal Reserve Banking Act of 1913, the Federal Reserve system, and the Banking Act of 1933 (1932 Glass-Steagall Act).","Other topics include international, national and state issues reflected in the politics of this time period including opposition to the National Industrial Recovery Act; National Labor Relations Act; Bank Holding Company Bill; Office of Price Administration; World Wars I and II; League of Nations; World Court; Democratic Party platforms and policies; presidential elections of 1912, 1920, 1924, 1928, and 1940; Senator Huey P. Long; Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal; attempted packing of the Supreme Court; neutrality legislation; disarmament; regulation of the coal industry; (business) products and services; child labor; anti-lynching law; immigration restriction (especially Chinese in Hawaii); Muscle Shoals; trade with Russia; diplomatic relations with the Vatican; Four-Power Treaty; soldiers' bonus bill; tariffs and protectionism; and national defense.","Virginia topics of concern to Glass or his constituents include poll tax elimination; African American suffrage; women's suffrage; highways; intrastate commerce; University of Virginia Board of Visitors;  Woodrow Wilson Foundation; national Patrick Henry shrine at \"Red Hill\"; gubernatorial election of 1924; Bishop James Cannon, Jr., prohibition and the Anti-saloon League; Skyline Drive; Spotsylvania Battlefield Park; Virginia Fight For Freedom Committee; operation of the Lynchburg News and Advance; and patronage requests from Lynchburg, Roanoke, and Bedford, Campbell, Floyd, Montgomery, and Roanoke Counties, Va.","Miscellaneous items of interest include a letter describing the early life of Booker T. Washington, election tickets for 1848, a 1906 recipe book, and letters concerning Glass' belief in the Baconian theory of Shakespeare authorship.","Among the many correspondents are Edwin A. Alderman, Newton Baker, Ray Stannard Baker, Alben Barkley, Bernard Baruch, William E. Borah, Chester Bowles, John Stewart Bryan, William Jennings Bryan, Harry F. Byrd, Richard E. Byrd, Calvin Coolidge, John W. Daniel, Josephus Daniels, Colgate W. Darden, Westmoreland Davis, Frederic A. Delano, the Democratic National Committee, Marriner S. Eccles, James A. Farley, Henry Ford, Douglas Southall Freeman, James A. Garfield, Samuel Gompers, Cary T. Grayson, Charles S. Hamlin, William P.G. Harding, Warren G. Harding, George L. Harrison, J. Edgar Hoover,Herbert Hoover, Edwin M. House, Cordell Hull, Harold Ickes, Hugh S. Johnson, Jesse Jones, Joseph P. Kennedy, Russell C. Leffingwell, Walter Lippmann, Huey Long, William Gibbs McAdoo, George Walter Mapp, Andrew Mellon, Eugene and Agnes Meyer, Andrew J. Montague, R. Walton Moore, Henry Morgenthau, Jr., Robert L. Owen, George C. Peery, Edmund Platt, John Garland Pollard, A. Willis Robertson, Eleanor Roosevelt, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Dave E. Satterfield, C. Bascom Slemp, Rixey Smith, Billy Sunday, Claude A. Swanson, Harry S. Truman, Joseph P. Tumulty, Oscar W. Underwood, Samuel Untermeyer, Arthur H. Vandenberg, Robert F. Wagner, Henry A. Wallace, Paul Moritz Warburg, Richard S. Whaley, William Allen White, John Skelton Williams, Henry Parker Willis, , Edith Bolling Wilson, Woodrow Wilson, Clifton A. Woodrum, and Walter Wyatt.","Correspondents include President Woodrow Wilson, Samuel Untermyer, Henry Parker Willis, Charles G. Hamlin, William Gibbs McAdoo, Robert Owen, Victor Morawetz, Harry F. Byrd, John Skelton Williams, Henry Moehlenpah, Paul M. Warburg (under revision)","Box summaries\nBox 1: The Federal Reserve Bank Act and Federal Reserve system; the Federal Farm Loan Act; Panic of 1912; The Aldrich Bill; branch banks; central banking board; gold reserves; Currency [reform] Bill of 1913; Emergency Banking Act, 1933; the Banking Act of 1933 (Glass-Steagall Act; the Bank Bill of 1935; opposition to the National Industrial Recovery Act; the National Labor Relations Act; the Bank Holding Company Bill; and the Office of Price Administration.","Box 2: Federal Reserve Act (Glass-Owen Bill)6454, 2639, 7837;Aldrich-Vreeland Law;Federal Farm Loan Act Rural Credits Bill;and Clayton Anti-Trust Bill","Box 3: Federal Reserve Act; Federal Reserve Banks; Federal Farm Loan Act; Land Mortgage Bank Bill; Branch banking; Kern Bill; Hollis Buckley Bill; Usury laws; Charles S. Hamlin; Edmund D. Hulbert; William Gibbs McAdoo; J. H. Tregoe; Woodrow Wilson; John Skelton Williams; Henry A. Moehlenpah; Frederic A. Delano; and Carter Glass","Box 4: Federal Farm Loan Act;Rural credits;Federal Reserve Amendments and responses; McFadden Bill; Hollis Buckley Bill; and gold certificates","Box 5: Federal Reserve Amendments and responses (Kitchin and Hardwick Bill);and Pomerene Bill. Charles S. Hamlin,William Gibbs McAdoo,Woodrow Wilson,Clayton Act,George M. Reynolds,Paul M. Warburg,John Skelton Williams,and Carter Glass","Box 6: Federal Reserve Amendments and responses (Kitchin and Hardwick Bill); Federal Reserve Act authorship; Capital Issues Committee; Federal Land Bank of Baltimore; and the Revenue Act of 1918.George Norris,Edmund Platt, Frederic A. Delano, William P. G. Harding,Paul M. Warburg,Charles S. Hamlin, John Skelton Williams,Henry Parker Willis,Eugene Meyer,and Carter Glass","Box 7: Federal Reserve Act authorship; Federal Farm Loan Amendments; Federal Land Banks; currency shortage; check collection; Smoot Bill; Liberty loans; Federal Reserve Bank of New York; railroad and shipping costs; War Finance Corporation; and Second Pan American Conference. William P. G. Harding,George W. Norris,Robert L. Owen,Russell C. Leffingwell,Benjamin Strong,John Skelton Williams renomination,William Gibbs McAdoo,Charles S. Hamlin,and Carter Glass","Box 8: Federal Reserve Act authorship; Clayton Anti-Trust Act; Smoot Bill; check collecting fees; branch banking; Virginia-Carolina Joint StockLandBank; budget bill; excess profits tax; gold; and Liberty bonds. Walter Edward Harris, Charles A. Korbly,Edmund Platt,William Skelton Williams,William P. G. Harding,William Gibbs McAdoo, Hollins N. Randolph,Henry Parker Willis,Russell C. Leffingwell,Arthur Capper,Thomas B. McAdams,and Carter Glass","Box 9: Federal Reserve Act and authorship; Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond; Bank of Haysi; Bank of New York; Open market commercial paper rates; McFadden Bill; discount rates; Overman Resolution; Liberty bonds; Pan American Conference; and Russian trade.William P. G. Harding,John Skelton Williams,Thomas B. McAdams,Russell C. Leffingwell,Edmund Platt,John Thomas Heflin,Hollins N. Randolph,William Gibbs McAdoo,George J. Seay,Henry Parker Willis, George Armstrong,Benjamin Strong,and Carter Glass","Box 10: Federal Reserve System; McFadden Bill H. R. 2; Farm Loan Mortgage; discount rates and eligible paper; Pittman Silver Act; Frank A. Vanderlip banking plan; War Finance Corporation; Bank of New York; bank failure; Anderson Bill; Lenroot Bill; and William P. G. Harding reappointment.John Skelton Williams,Reed Smoot,Hollins N. Randolph,Russell C. Leffingwell,Thomas B. McAdams,Paul M. Warburg,Edmund Platt,Henry Parker Willis,Woodrow Wilson,Benjamin Strong, Daniel C. Roper, William Gibbs McAdoo,Charles S. Hamlin,George W. Norris,and Carter Glass","Box 12:Federal Reserve Act authorship; McNary-Haugen Billand (speech responses); McFadden Bill; Federal Farm Loan Act; and Carter Glass book. Walter Edward Harris,Paul Warburg,Norman Davis,Walter E. Edge,Charles W. Collins,Charles S. Hamlin,Henry Parker Willis,George J. Seay,Benjamin Strong,and Edmund Platt","Box 13: Pascagoula case; Federal Reserve Act authorship; McFadden Bill; \"Committee of One Hundred\"; Carter Glass book; and the McNary-Haugen Bill. Henry Parker Willis,William P. G. Harding,George J. Seay,Harry Flood Byrd,Bernard M. Baruch,Russell C. Leffingwell,Charles S. Hamlin,Charles W. Collins,Walter Edward Harris,Thomas B. McAdams,George W. Norris,and Edmund Platt","Box 14 Federal Reserve Act authorship; McFadden Bill; Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas; Lafollette Resolution; \"Committee of One Hundred\"; Federal Home Loan Bill; misuse of Federal Reserve System; President Roosevelt criticism of Federal Reserve System; Charles E. Mitchell; and bank failures. Eugene Meyer,Edmund Platt,Henry Parker Willis,Bishop James Cannon, Jr., Thomas B. McAdams,Russell C. Plainwell,and Elben C. Folks","Box 15: Federal Reserve Act authorship; responses to Depression and banking crisis; Bank of Kentucky; curb stock speculations; security abuses; Charles E. Mitchell; McFadden Bill; and criticism of Herbert Hoover. Thomas B. McAdams,Walter B. Mahoney,John W. Pole,Edmund Platt,Henry Parker Willis,Bernard M. Baruch,Eugene Meyer,William P. G. Harding,George L. Harrison,George W. Norris,George J. Seay,and Richard C. Whitney","Box 16: Responses to the Depressionand(banking crisis); and Bank of Kentucky.Jouett Shouse,Henry Parker Willis,Henry B. Steagall,Eugene Meyer,Charles S. Hamlin,Milton S. Florsheim,Samuel M. Kaplan,and Elben C. Folkes","Box 17: Responses to the Depression and banking crisis; President Hoover Plan; Federal Land Banks; Wall Street bankers; bank failures; Bank of Kentucky; Federal Reserve Act authorship; Federal Farm Loan Act; Federal Home Loan; and Hoover moratorium. Bernard M. Baruch,Jouett Shouse,Richard C. Whitney,Charles S. Hamlin,Henry A. Moehlenpah,Millard E. Tydings,Henry Parker Willis,Andrew W. Mellon,Edmund Platt,Eugene Meyer,Russell C. Leffingwell,and Thomas B. McAdams","Box 18:Depression and banking crisis; Bank of Kentucky; Senate Committee on Banking and Currency Hearings; Reconstruction Finance Corporation; Nye Report; Pan American Finance Conference; Gold; Silver; and death of E. C. Glass. Elben C. Folkes,Al Kaplan,Herbert Hoover,Jouett Shouse,Charles S. Hamlin,George L. Harrison, Thorwald Siegfried, Eugene Meyer,and Pat H. Drewery","Box 19:Federal Home Loan Bank; Federal Land Bank of Baltimore; foreclosures; Glass-Steagall; and Henry Parker Willis articles in France on gold upsetting to colleagues.Franklin Delano Roosevelt,John W. Pole,Henry B. Steagall,Oliver J. Sands,Russell C. Leffingwell,Charles W. Collins,Charles S. Hamlin,and George L. Harrison","Box 20-24: Glass Steagall responses; and Glass speech on gold","Box 25: Glass-Steagall Act; Goldsborough Bill; gold standard; Reconstruction Finance Corporation; Joint Stock Land Banks;Revenue Act of 1932; responses to Carter Glass speech;praise for Carter Glass; bank failures; Banking study; Holiday proclamation by President Roosevelt; Funding for projects such as the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, and a bridge across the Potomac River; Herbert Hoover;Newton D. Baker;Russell C. Leffingwell;George L. Harrison; Eugene Meyer; Samuel Untermyer; Chester Morrill; George W. Norris; Richard S. Whaley;Princess Amelie Rives Troubetzkoy;James F. Byrnes;Louis Wiley; Robert J. Bulkley;John W. Owens;HenryParker Willis; and the Dallas Chamber of Commerce","Box 26: Responses to banking crisis and Depressionand criticism of Herbert Hoover","Box 27: Responses to Depression; McNary-Haugen Bill; Home Loan Bill; Emergency Farm Mortgage Act of 1933; Thomas Bill; Federal Reserve Amendment Section 10b; Glass-Steagall Banking Act; and Credit Report U.S. S. R. (George N. Peek).George L. Harrison,Chester Morrill,Russell C. Leffingwell,Louis T. McFadden,Emmanuel Kaplan,Hugh S. Johnson,and the National Recovery Act","Box 28: Glass-Steagall Act responses; Emergency Bank Bill; California banks; and Goldsborough Amendment. Edmund Platt and Frank A. Vanderlip","Box 29: Glass-Steagall Act responses, and Section 19 Statewide branch banking for national banks; Huey Long filibuster; bank guarantees; Charles E. Mitchell investigation; and continued moratorium on closing banks. Duncan U. Fletcher; Ferdinand Pecora; and Virginia Governor John Garland Pollard","Box 30: Gold, Reconstruction Finance Corporation, Senate Banking and Currency Committee investigation of J. P. Morgan; Glass-Steagall Banking Act; National Recovery Act; Emergency Banking Act relief; Morris Plan; and criticism of Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Duncan U. Fletcher; and William Gibbs McAdoo","Box 31: Senate investigation of J. P. Morgan;Gold standard; Expand use of silver; stability of the dollar; praise for Carter Glass radio speech \"Facts about Fiscal Policy of Our Government During the Past Few Years\" and \"Shall We Go Over the Precipice?\" Duncan U. Fletcher; Edmund Platt; and Herbert L. Myrick","Box 32: Rsponses to Glass speech [\"Shall We Go Over the Precipice?\"] against Roosevelt inflation bill; Emergency Bank Bill; Bankruptcy legislation; Banking Act of 1935; Credit Union Act; Marriner S. Eccles as Governor of the Federal Reserve Board; Branchbanking; Bank of the United States; death of Eugerne R. Black; and Philippine currency. Charles S. Hamlin; Edmund Platt; George W. Norris; George L. Harrison; Herny Parker Willis; Paul M. Warburg; Henry B. Steagall; Clifton A. Woodrum; Edward W. Kemmerer;Rudolph Spreckels; Sam M. Kaplan; John Foster Dulles; Milton Friedman; T. F. Wentworth; Dean Acheson; Chester Morrill; Walter Wyatt; Eugene R. Black; James P. Warburg; and James Elliott Heath","Box 33: (Fletcher-Rayburn Bill, Kean Bill; National Securities Exchange Act, McLeod Bill, or the Banking Act of 1935); Federal Reserve Amendment Section 12b; Morris-Sheppard Bill; Chester Morrill; Thomas B. McAdams; William Gibbs McAdoo; Elmer Thomas; Henry Morgenthau, Jr.; Eugene Meyer; Duncan U. Fletcher; Jesse H. Jones; and Richard C. Whitney","Box 34: Banking Act of 1933; National Securities Exchange Act; Kean Bill; Fletcher-Rayburn Bill; misuse of the Federal Reserve System; de-evaluation of the dollar; and Gold Reserve Act","Box 35: Banking Act of 1935; Gold Reserve Act; Gold speech of Russell C. Leffingwell; National Recovery Act; Hugh S. Johnson; Kaplan Plan; Robert L. Owen inquiry; Huey Long; Goldsborough Amendment;Elmer Thomas; Charles S. Hamlin; George Wharton Pepper; Henry H. Heiman; Henry Parker Willis; George W. Norris; Duncan U. Fletcher; J. F. T. O'Connor; Robert D. Kent; Royal S. Copeland; Edward W. Kemmerer; and A. Willis Robertson","Box 36: Responses to the Banking Act of 1935; Harry Flood Byrd; Duncan U. Fletcher; A. Willis Robertson; Leo T. Crowley; Jesse H. Jones; Edmund Platt; Henry Morgenthau, Jr.; J. F. T. O'Connor; Thomas B. McAdams; and Thomas P. Gore","Box 37: Responses to the Banking Act of 1935; Glass concerns about Marriner S. Eccles as Governor of the Federal Reserve Board and criticism of government and political control of banking; Federal Reserve Act authorship; Goldsborough Amendment; Townsend Plan; A. H. Dobson; Frank A. Vanderlip; Irving Fisher; Walter Lichtenstein; Arthur Capper; Duncan U. Fletcher; Bennett Champ Clark; Thomas P. Gore; Henry Heiman; Thomas B. McAdams; Hollins N. Randolph; Hugo L. Black; and Thorwald Siegfried","Box 38: Banking Act of 1935; Gold clause; Comptroller of the Currency; silver; Robert L. Owen inquiry; Reconstruction Finance Corporation; repeal of Thomas Amendment; concern about Marriner S. Eccles as Governor of the Federal Reserve Board; portrait of John Skelton Williams; Edmund Platt; Agnes and Eugene Meyer; Chester Morrill; Robert F. Wagner; Kenneth D. McKellar; George L. Harrison; Harry S. Truman; George W. Norris; Henry Parker Willis; Henry Morgenthau, Jr.; Marriner S. Eccles and Russell C. Leffingwell(Treasury and Nye Report)","Box 39: Repeal Thomas Amendment; Branch banking; Bankhead-Jones Farm Act; Federal Land Bank of Baltimore Bank Holding companies; and Reconstruction Finance Corporation.William Gibbs McAdoo,Edmund Platt,Thomas B. McAdams,Henry Heiman,Jesse H. Jones,Henry Morgenthau, Jr.,Robert L. Owen,and the death of Henry Parker Willis","Box 40: Henry Parker Willis Foundation; Federal Reserve Act anniversary; J. F. T. O'Connor resignation; misuse of the Federal Reserve System; Robert L. Owen and Carter Glass accusations against Marriner S. Eccles; Reconstruction Finance Corporation; Clayton Act; Mead Bill; De-evaluation of the dollar;silver program; Gold Act; Home Owners Loan Corporation Act; Self-liquidating Bill; and Barden Bill.Edmund Platt,Jesse H. Jones, William Gibbs McAdoo,Henry Morgenthau, Jr.,Robert F. Wagner,and Marriner S. Eccles","Box 41: Tribute to Edmund Platt; Embargo Act; Banking and Currency Committee pending legislation; Branch banking; Silver Purchase Act; de-evaluation of the dollar; Trust Indenture Act (Robert F.Wagner); Bank Holding company; Jones Wheeler Bill; Federal Home Loan Bank Act; Clayton Act; Townsend Plan; FDIC; Pittman Amendment; Farm Relief Bill; Reconstruction Finance Corporation; Wagner Lea Bill; and disappointment with Marriner S. Eccles;Harry Flood Byrd,Jesse H. Jones,Henry Heiman,Frederic Delano,and Leo T. Crowley","Box 42: Tribute to Carter Glass; Banking and Currency Committee pending legislation; FDIC and excess profits tax; Federal Reserve Amendment Section 23; medal for Howard Hughes; American Palestine Committee (Robert F. Wagner); Farm credit; Credit Union Act; price control; Bank Holding Company; Reconstruction Finance Corporation; de-evaluation of the dollar Federal Reserve Act authorship; and criticism of Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Cordell Hull; Walter Lichtenstein; Chester Morrill; Robert F. Wagner; and Leo T. Crowley","H. S. Trout, president First National Bank, hoping that the bill will be defeated","Glass expressses concern that Untermeyer is trying to push the Aldrich Bill. Other correspondents include William A. Glasgow, A. P. Pujo, Hubert D. Stephens, and Henry Parker Willis","Glasgow to act as counsel to the Banking and Currency Committee of the Senate","Set up a meeting with the President to revise the currency system; Henry Parker Willis; and reference to Aldrich Bill","J. C. Goodloe suggests the need for new banking laws in order to help the farmers","Offering methods to create calmness in banking instead of panic","Banking and Currency Committee of the Senate Banking survey questions about banking","Criticism of S. 4129 and H.R. 13570 to place tax on real estate instead of stocks and bonds to help relieve bankrupt Treasury","Colonel House wants to set up a secret meeting for Samuel Untermeyer with President Wilson in order to promote the Aldrich Bill","Glass apologizes for his reaction to a speech given by Forgan","Charles McCulloch, Andrew J. Montague, and William GibbsMcAdoo","Includes correspondence about the banking bills from January to April 1916. (Carter Glass correspondence with Clement C. Dickinson January 22, 1916 defending the Federal Reserve.)","Bankruptcy laws, World War I","Mentions medal for Howard Hughes","includes correspondence Carter Glass","See also 1933","Woodrow Wilson typed speech to the House of Representatives","Historic moment when Glass takes the first transatlantic flight to Europe with the loan from Treasurer Russell C. Leffingwell","Agriculture Appropriation Bill; Smith-lever funds; and African Americans in Virginia","See also Trade Farmers' and Growers Association Box 52 Folder 1","printed item \"The Aluminum Monopoly\"","Virginia Polytechnic Institute request for captured German cannon","mention of J. G. Ferneyhough and cows also","Edwin Anderson Alderman, Governor E.Lee Trinkle, Jr.","Glass S. 4029 to determine location for engagement of war vessels and memorial; interview with last survivor of the Merrimac, Richard Curtis; and John Stewart Bryan","Sibley lawsuit claim H. B. 3436","Elben C. Folkes requests help for his son; lawsuit J. G. Ferneyhough; Senator Couzens; and Florence Adams nomination for AppleBlossom Princess","Edwin Anderson Alderman letter advocating for a hospital in Charlottesville","Memorial Bridge approach bill; H. R. 796; furlough and shorter work week; claims; capital punishment for kidnappers H. R. 96; transportation of persons or property in commerce by motor carrier S. 2793; opposition to income tax;Montgomery county Civic Federation special meeting; Tariff Act of 1930 to import science books for teaching purposes; stamp tax on bank checks (banking); Public Works Program; equal protection of voters in Puerto Rico S. 4691; unemployment relief bills; Railroad pension bill H. R. 10023 and S. 3892, H. R. 9891; Hatfield Bill; Keller Bill 4646; S. 4161; Boulder Dam; Home Loan Bank S. 2959; Emergency Industries Preservation Act; Stuart Junior High School; Albemarle County Medical Society S. 3090 and H. R. 8077; prohibit experiments on living dogs in District of Columbia S. 2146; night work pay H. R. 11267; District of Columbia appropriation bill H. R. 11361; Brookhart Bill censorship of moving pictures; vocational rehabilitation S. 3818; opposition to abolishment of Army Transports and Panama Railroad Steamship Line; Federal relief for unemployed; Capper-Kelly bill to relief excise taxes on druggist; patenting of original designs of silk patterns; Georgetown Branch Library Building and District of Columbia appropriation bill; radio lottery advertising H. R. 7716; Injunction measure S. 936; strengthen immigration laws H. B. 1967; crime to advocate overthrow of government H. B. 8549; issue two or three billions in bonds of small denominations for soldiers bonus or as currency;intrinsic property values vs market values in depression times; and President Hoover's Bankers-Industrialists Committee of Twelve for Credit Expansion","Ernie Adamson","immigration; Tangiers Island; and Colgate W. Darden, Jr.","Harry Flood Byrd","Frances Perkins","Robert F. Wagner","Kenneth McKellar; and Astor case","See also Political correspondence","See also Political correspondence","See also Legislative correspondence 1921","Colgate Darden Jr.","Schuyler O. Bland","\"Pump Priming Bill\" Harry Flood Byrd; Public Works Administration; Equal Rights Bill; and Industrial Profits Tax"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions in this collection except for veterans claims.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions in this collection except for veterans claims."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":4648,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:28:59.529Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_206","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_206","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_206","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_206","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_206.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/146110","title_filing_ssi":"Glass, Carter, papers","title_ssm":["Carter Glass Papers"],"title_tesim":["Carter Glass Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1820-1946"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1820-1946"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1820/1946"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Carter Glass Papers, 1820/1946"],"text":["Carter Glass Papers, 1820/1946","MSS 2913","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/206","Virginia -- Politics and government -- 20th century","Banks and banking -- United States","Judges -- Selection and appointment","Depressions -- 1929 -- United States","Labor laws and legislation -- United States","World War, 1939-1945","World War, 1914-1918","This collection is open for research. Restrictions apply to veterans claims.","The collection is arranged into four series: Series 1. Banking: Subseries banking correspondence,  banking printed, Series 2. Correspondence: Subseries legislative, military, political, topical, greeting cards, business and related cards, honors, constituent (patronage, praise),veterans claim (restricted), and veterinary (farming), Series 3. Manuscripts and miscellaneous, Series 4. Printed and miscellaneous: Subseries newspaper clippings, articles, bills, reports and photographs, speeches, and election tickets.","Due to the large size of this collection these categories are meant as general guidelines and some cross over of subjects can be expected throughout the series. Similarly,further searching may be necessary if an area of research is not found in the identified series of the guide, for example military correspondence is located chronologically throughout the collection and as a subseries.","Series 1 Banking Correspondence is in boxes 1-43, 171-177; Banking Printed is in boxes 44-47; Series 2 Correspondence: Legislative Correspondence is in boxes 47-105, 178-180; Military Correspondence is in boxes 105-109; Political Correspondence is in boxes 109-143, 180-183; Topical Correspondence is in boxes 143-169; 183-193; Greeting Cards are in boxes 169-170; Honors are in box 170; Constituent Correspondence is in boxes 194-220; Patronage Correspondence is in boxes 220-249; Praise for Carter Glass is in boxes 250-258; Invitations are in boxes 259-264; Veteran's Claims (restricted) are in boxes 265-268; Veterinarian and farming (cows) are in box 269; Series 3 Manuscripts and Miscellaneous are in box 270; Series 4 Printed(including newspaper articles, photographs, and speeches) are in boxes 271-279; Letterbooks for 1918-1919 are in boxes 281-282.","Carter Glass (January 4, 1858 – May 28, 1946) was born on January 4, 1858, in Lynchburg, Virginia, to Robert Henry Glass and Augusta Elizabeth Christian. He became a newspaper publisher (like his father)and after hearing a speech by William Jenning Bryan in 1896, entered politics in 1902 as a Democrat in the United States House of Representatives and was re-elected to eight terms. He was a United States Senator from Lynchburg, Virginia from 1920 until his death in 1946.  In 1913, he became Chairman of the House Committee on Banking and Currency, where he worked with President Woodrow Wilson to pass the Glass-Owen Federal Reserve Act and he went on to pass the Glass-Steagall Act in 1932 and the Banking Act in 1933 that made banking more stable in the United States. In 1918, President Wilson appointed him Secretary of the Treasury, where he marketed Victory Liberty Loans for World War I debts.  At the 1920 Democratic National Convention Glass was nominated for President of the United States. Many of his supporters have said that at 5'4 inches tall, his speeches and political prowess made him seem larger than life.","Carter Glass became an apprentice printer to his father when he was 13 years old, and continued his education through reading literature in his father's library. At the age of 22, Glass became a reporter, a job he had long sought, for the \"Lynchburg News\". He rose to become the morning newspaper's editor by 1887. After acquiring the afternoon \"Daily Advance\", the competing \"Daily Republican\",  he became Lynchburg's sole newspaper publisher. The \"Lynchburg News and Advance\" is the successor publication to his newspapers.","Carter Glass played a major role in the establishment of the U.S. financial regulatory system, helping to establish the Federal Reserve System and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. He co-sponsored the 1933 Banking Act, also known as the Glass–Steagall Act, which created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and enforced the separation of investment banking firms and commercial banks. His banking reforms (Banking Act of 1913, Glass Steagall Act 1932, Banking Act of 1933) earned him gratitude across the country, landing him on the cover of Time Magazine twice, and honoring him with many degrees from universities.  Prior to Glass's reforms, the country's banking system was chaotic and regulated by bankers. The Glass-Steagall bill restricted banks from engaging in invesment banking. The country had suffered eight recessions between 1890 and 1914. Portions of the Glass-Steagall bill were repealed in 1999, allowing banks to combine their own investment activity with commercial banking and possibly contributing to the recession in 2008.","Not as well-publicized was Carter Glass's lifelong opposition to voting rights for African Americans. One of Glass's first political exploits was helping craft the revised 1902 Virginia Constitution to bar [African American] citizens from voting. The 1902 Constitution instituted a poll tax and required bulk payment after a voter missed elections, making voting a luxury. The Constitution also required that voters pass a literacy test with their performance graded by the registrar. When questioned as to whether these measures were potentially discriminatory, Glass exclaimed, \"Discrimination! Why that is exactly what we propose. To remove every [African American] voter who can be gotten rid of, legally, without materially impairing the numerical strength of the white electorate.\" Indeed, the number of African Americans qualified to vote dropped from 147,000 to 21,000 immediately. More than 50 years after it was ratified, the Lynchburg senator remained opposed to the 15th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which granted African Americans the right to vote. He said in the 1920's it \"constituted an attempt to destroy white civilization in nearly one-third of the nation and to erect on its ruins an Ethiopian state ignorant, profligate, corrupt, controlled by manumitted slaves.\" Glass was in step with his white constituents in Virginia, where African Americans did not receive equal voting rights until the 1960s. In 1928, during a debate involving prohibition, Glass said, \"people of the original thirteen Southern States curse and deride and spit upon the Fifteenth Amendment — and have no intention of letting the [African American] vote\" all the while maintaining Virginia was complying with the law.","Carter Glass remained one of the strongest advocates of segregation and continued to dedicate much of his political career to the perpetuation of Jim Crow laws in the South. He sponsored massive resistance legislation along with Virginia Senator Harry F. Byrd of Winchester, another Virginia newspaperman who shared many of Glass's political views. Both Glass and Byrd were opposed to Roosevelt's New Deal policies. Each was a strong supporter of fiscal conservatism and states' rights. Carter Glass supported President Roosevelt but later criticized his policies, including the New Deal, attempts to pack the Supreme Court, third term presidency, and nominations for Federal Judgeships.","Glass had suffered from ill health throughout his life, and usually walked on tip toes because he believed that would help with his indigestion. He kept his seat in his final term in the Senate even though he was not able to be in attendance. He died in his hotel apartment in Washington, D.C., on May 28, 1946. His funeral in Lynchburg was attended by the Chief Justice, the Secretary of State, 11 Senators, 11 House members, and other notables. History remembers Carter Glass as the Father of the Federal Reserve Act but today history also considers his role in the 1902 Constitution that disenfranchised virtually every black voter in the state. The reduction in African American votes helped him politically and put him in a postion to create the banking reform legislation. Nationally, Glass might have been the architect of financial reform that stabilized the nation's banking system, but at home, historian J. Douglas Smith calls him, \"the architect of disenfranchisement in the Old Dominion.\" Harvard University named their business school, Glass House, after Carter Glass achievements in banking, but they have now changed the name to Cash House, for James Cash, the first African American tenured professor at Harvard.","Sources: \nWikipedia\nJoe Stinnett, retired editor of The News \u0026 Advance and The Roanoke Times.\nThe Roanoke Times","The Carter Glass papers, 1820-1946, 141 cubic feet, consist of correspondence, manuscripts, newspaper articles, photographs, speeches, and printed materials from his work in the Banking and Currency Committee, the Secretary of the Treasury (1918-1920), and the United States Senate (1920-1946). Subjects include: The Federal Reserve Banking Act of 1913, the Federal Reserve system, and the Banking Act of 1933 (1932 Glass-Steagall Act).","Other topics include international, national and state issues reflected in the politics of this time period including opposition to the National Industrial Recovery Act; National Labor Relations Act; Bank Holding Company Bill; Office of Price Administration; World Wars I and II; League of Nations; World Court; Democratic Party platforms and policies; presidential elections of 1912, 1920, 1924, 1928, and 1940; Senator Huey P. Long; Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal; attempted packing of the Supreme Court; neutrality legislation; disarmament; regulation of the coal industry; (business) products and services; child labor; anti-lynching law; immigration restriction (especially Chinese in Hawaii); Muscle Shoals; trade with Russia; diplomatic relations with the Vatican; Four-Power Treaty; soldiers' bonus bill; tariffs and protectionism; and national defense.","Virginia topics of concern to Glass or his constituents include poll tax elimination; African American suffrage; women's suffrage; highways; intrastate commerce; University of Virginia Board of Visitors;  Woodrow Wilson Foundation; national Patrick Henry shrine at \"Red Hill\"; gubernatorial election of 1924; Bishop James Cannon, Jr., prohibition and the Anti-saloon League; Skyline Drive; Spotsylvania Battlefield Park; Virginia Fight For Freedom Committee; operation of the Lynchburg News and Advance; and patronage requests from Lynchburg, Roanoke, and Bedford, Campbell, Floyd, Montgomery, and Roanoke Counties, Va.","Miscellaneous items of interest include a letter describing the early life of Booker T. Washington, election tickets for 1848, a 1906 recipe book, and letters concerning Glass' belief in the Baconian theory of Shakespeare authorship.","Among the many correspondents are Edwin A. Alderman, Newton Baker, Ray Stannard Baker, Alben Barkley, Bernard Baruch, William E. Borah, Chester Bowles, John Stewart Bryan, William Jennings Bryan, Harry F. Byrd, Richard E. Byrd, Calvin Coolidge, John W. Daniel, Josephus Daniels, Colgate W. Darden, Westmoreland Davis, Frederic A. Delano, the Democratic National Committee, Marriner S. Eccles, James A. Farley, Henry Ford, Douglas Southall Freeman, James A. Garfield, Samuel Gompers, Cary T. Grayson, Charles S. Hamlin, William P.G. Harding, Warren G. Harding, George L. Harrison, J. Edgar Hoover,Herbert Hoover, Edwin M. House, Cordell Hull, Harold Ickes, Hugh S. Johnson, Jesse Jones, Joseph P. Kennedy, Russell C. Leffingwell, Walter Lippmann, Huey Long, William Gibbs McAdoo, George Walter Mapp, Andrew Mellon, Eugene and Agnes Meyer, Andrew J. Montague, R. Walton Moore, Henry Morgenthau, Jr., Robert L. Owen, George C. Peery, Edmund Platt, John Garland Pollard, A. Willis Robertson, Eleanor Roosevelt, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Dave E. Satterfield, C. Bascom Slemp, Rixey Smith, Billy Sunday, Claude A. Swanson, Harry S. Truman, Joseph P. Tumulty, Oscar W. Underwood, Samuel Untermeyer, Arthur H. Vandenberg, Robert F. Wagner, Henry A. Wallace, Paul Moritz Warburg, Richard S. Whaley, William Allen White, John Skelton Williams, Henry Parker Willis, , Edith Bolling Wilson, Woodrow Wilson, Clifton A. Woodrum, and Walter Wyatt.","Correspondents include President Woodrow Wilson, Samuel Untermyer, Henry Parker Willis, Charles G. Hamlin, William Gibbs McAdoo, Robert Owen, Victor Morawetz, Harry F. Byrd, John Skelton Williams, Henry Moehlenpah, Paul M. Warburg (under revision)","Box summaries\nBox 1: The Federal Reserve Bank Act and Federal Reserve system; the Federal Farm Loan Act; Panic of 1912; The Aldrich Bill; branch banks; central banking board; gold reserves; Currency [reform] Bill of 1913; Emergency Banking Act, 1933; the Banking Act of 1933 (Glass-Steagall Act; the Bank Bill of 1935; opposition to the National Industrial Recovery Act; the National Labor Relations Act; the Bank Holding Company Bill; and the Office of Price Administration.","Box 2: Federal Reserve Act (Glass-Owen Bill)6454, 2639, 7837;Aldrich-Vreeland Law;Federal Farm Loan Act Rural Credits Bill;and Clayton Anti-Trust Bill","Box 3: Federal Reserve Act; Federal Reserve Banks; Federal Farm Loan Act; Land Mortgage Bank Bill; Branch banking; Kern Bill; Hollis Buckley Bill; Usury laws; Charles S. Hamlin; Edmund D. Hulbert; William Gibbs McAdoo; J. H. Tregoe; Woodrow Wilson; John Skelton Williams; Henry A. Moehlenpah; Frederic A. Delano; and Carter Glass","Box 4: Federal Farm Loan Act;Rural credits;Federal Reserve Amendments and responses; McFadden Bill; Hollis Buckley Bill; and gold certificates","Box 5: Federal Reserve Amendments and responses (Kitchin and Hardwick Bill);and Pomerene Bill. Charles S. Hamlin,William Gibbs McAdoo,Woodrow Wilson,Clayton Act,George M. Reynolds,Paul M. Warburg,John Skelton Williams,and Carter Glass","Box 6: Federal Reserve Amendments and responses (Kitchin and Hardwick Bill); Federal Reserve Act authorship; Capital Issues Committee; Federal Land Bank of Baltimore; and the Revenue Act of 1918.George Norris,Edmund Platt, Frederic A. Delano, William P. G. Harding,Paul M. Warburg,Charles S. Hamlin, John Skelton Williams,Henry Parker Willis,Eugene Meyer,and Carter Glass","Box 7: Federal Reserve Act authorship; Federal Farm Loan Amendments; Federal Land Banks; currency shortage; check collection; Smoot Bill; Liberty loans; Federal Reserve Bank of New York; railroad and shipping costs; War Finance Corporation; and Second Pan American Conference. William P. G. Harding,George W. Norris,Robert L. Owen,Russell C. Leffingwell,Benjamin Strong,John Skelton Williams renomination,William Gibbs McAdoo,Charles S. Hamlin,and Carter Glass","Box 8: Federal Reserve Act authorship; Clayton Anti-Trust Act; Smoot Bill; check collecting fees; branch banking; Virginia-Carolina Joint StockLandBank; budget bill; excess profits tax; gold; and Liberty bonds. Walter Edward Harris, Charles A. Korbly,Edmund Platt,William Skelton Williams,William P. G. Harding,William Gibbs McAdoo, Hollins N. Randolph,Henry Parker Willis,Russell C. Leffingwell,Arthur Capper,Thomas B. McAdams,and Carter Glass","Box 9: Federal Reserve Act and authorship; Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond; Bank of Haysi; Bank of New York; Open market commercial paper rates; McFadden Bill; discount rates; Overman Resolution; Liberty bonds; Pan American Conference; and Russian trade.William P. G. Harding,John Skelton Williams,Thomas B. McAdams,Russell C. Leffingwell,Edmund Platt,John Thomas Heflin,Hollins N. Randolph,William Gibbs McAdoo,George J. Seay,Henry Parker Willis, George Armstrong,Benjamin Strong,and Carter Glass","Box 10: Federal Reserve System; McFadden Bill H. R. 2; Farm Loan Mortgage; discount rates and eligible paper; Pittman Silver Act; Frank A. Vanderlip banking plan; War Finance Corporation; Bank of New York; bank failure; Anderson Bill; Lenroot Bill; and William P. G. Harding reappointment.John Skelton Williams,Reed Smoot,Hollins N. Randolph,Russell C. Leffingwell,Thomas B. McAdams,Paul M. Warburg,Edmund Platt,Henry Parker Willis,Woodrow Wilson,Benjamin Strong, Daniel C. Roper, William Gibbs McAdoo,Charles S. Hamlin,George W. Norris,and Carter Glass","Box 12:Federal Reserve Act authorship; McNary-Haugen Billand (speech responses); McFadden Bill; Federal Farm Loan Act; and Carter Glass book. Walter Edward Harris,Paul Warburg,Norman Davis,Walter E. Edge,Charles W. Collins,Charles S. Hamlin,Henry Parker Willis,George J. Seay,Benjamin Strong,and Edmund Platt","Box 13: Pascagoula case; Federal Reserve Act authorship; McFadden Bill; \"Committee of One Hundred\"; Carter Glass book; and the McNary-Haugen Bill. Henry Parker Willis,William P. G. Harding,George J. Seay,Harry Flood Byrd,Bernard M. Baruch,Russell C. Leffingwell,Charles S. Hamlin,Charles W. Collins,Walter Edward Harris,Thomas B. McAdams,George W. Norris,and Edmund Platt","Box 14 Federal Reserve Act authorship; McFadden Bill; Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas; Lafollette Resolution; \"Committee of One Hundred\"; Federal Home Loan Bill; misuse of Federal Reserve System; President Roosevelt criticism of Federal Reserve System; Charles E. Mitchell; and bank failures. Eugene Meyer,Edmund Platt,Henry Parker Willis,Bishop James Cannon, Jr., Thomas B. McAdams,Russell C. Plainwell,and Elben C. Folks","Box 15: Federal Reserve Act authorship; responses to Depression and banking crisis; Bank of Kentucky; curb stock speculations; security abuses; Charles E. Mitchell; McFadden Bill; and criticism of Herbert Hoover. Thomas B. McAdams,Walter B. Mahoney,John W. Pole,Edmund Platt,Henry Parker Willis,Bernard M. Baruch,Eugene Meyer,William P. G. Harding,George L. Harrison,George W. Norris,George J. Seay,and Richard C. Whitney","Box 16: Responses to the Depressionand(banking crisis); and Bank of Kentucky.Jouett Shouse,Henry Parker Willis,Henry B. Steagall,Eugene Meyer,Charles S. Hamlin,Milton S. Florsheim,Samuel M. Kaplan,and Elben C. Folkes","Box 17: Responses to the Depression and banking crisis; President Hoover Plan; Federal Land Banks; Wall Street bankers; bank failures; Bank of Kentucky; Federal Reserve Act authorship; Federal Farm Loan Act; Federal Home Loan; and Hoover moratorium. Bernard M. Baruch,Jouett Shouse,Richard C. Whitney,Charles S. Hamlin,Henry A. Moehlenpah,Millard E. Tydings,Henry Parker Willis,Andrew W. Mellon,Edmund Platt,Eugene Meyer,Russell C. Leffingwell,and Thomas B. McAdams","Box 18:Depression and banking crisis; Bank of Kentucky; Senate Committee on Banking and Currency Hearings; Reconstruction Finance Corporation; Nye Report; Pan American Finance Conference; Gold; Silver; and death of E. C. Glass. Elben C. Folkes,Al Kaplan,Herbert Hoover,Jouett Shouse,Charles S. Hamlin,George L. Harrison, Thorwald Siegfried, Eugene Meyer,and Pat H. Drewery","Box 19:Federal Home Loan Bank; Federal Land Bank of Baltimore; foreclosures; Glass-Steagall; and Henry Parker Willis articles in France on gold upsetting to colleagues.Franklin Delano Roosevelt,John W. Pole,Henry B. Steagall,Oliver J. Sands,Russell C. Leffingwell,Charles W. Collins,Charles S. Hamlin,and George L. Harrison","Box 20-24: Glass Steagall responses; and Glass speech on gold","Box 25: Glass-Steagall Act; Goldsborough Bill; gold standard; Reconstruction Finance Corporation; Joint Stock Land Banks;Revenue Act of 1932; responses to Carter Glass speech;praise for Carter Glass; bank failures; Banking study; Holiday proclamation by President Roosevelt; Funding for projects such as the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, and a bridge across the Potomac River; Herbert Hoover;Newton D. Baker;Russell C. Leffingwell;George L. Harrison; Eugene Meyer; Samuel Untermyer; Chester Morrill; George W. Norris; Richard S. Whaley;Princess Amelie Rives Troubetzkoy;James F. Byrnes;Louis Wiley; Robert J. Bulkley;John W. Owens;HenryParker Willis; and the Dallas Chamber of Commerce","Box 26: Responses to banking crisis and Depressionand criticism of Herbert Hoover","Box 27: Responses to Depression; McNary-Haugen Bill; Home Loan Bill; Emergency Farm Mortgage Act of 1933; Thomas Bill; Federal Reserve Amendment Section 10b; Glass-Steagall Banking Act; and Credit Report U.S. S. R. (George N. Peek).George L. Harrison,Chester Morrill,Russell C. Leffingwell,Louis T. McFadden,Emmanuel Kaplan,Hugh S. Johnson,and the National Recovery Act","Box 28: Glass-Steagall Act responses; Emergency Bank Bill; California banks; and Goldsborough Amendment. Edmund Platt and Frank A. Vanderlip","Box 29: Glass-Steagall Act responses, and Section 19 Statewide branch banking for national banks; Huey Long filibuster; bank guarantees; Charles E. Mitchell investigation; and continued moratorium on closing banks. Duncan U. Fletcher; Ferdinand Pecora; and Virginia Governor John Garland Pollard","Box 30: Gold, Reconstruction Finance Corporation, Senate Banking and Currency Committee investigation of J. P. Morgan; Glass-Steagall Banking Act; National Recovery Act; Emergency Banking Act relief; Morris Plan; and criticism of Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Duncan U. Fletcher; and William Gibbs McAdoo","Box 31: Senate investigation of J. P. Morgan;Gold standard; Expand use of silver; stability of the dollar; praise for Carter Glass radio speech \"Facts about Fiscal Policy of Our Government During the Past Few Years\" and \"Shall We Go Over the Precipice?\" Duncan U. Fletcher; Edmund Platt; and Herbert L. Myrick","Box 32: Rsponses to Glass speech [\"Shall We Go Over the Precipice?\"] against Roosevelt inflation bill; Emergency Bank Bill; Bankruptcy legislation; Banking Act of 1935; Credit Union Act; Marriner S. Eccles as Governor of the Federal Reserve Board; Branchbanking; Bank of the United States; death of Eugerne R. Black; and Philippine currency. Charles S. Hamlin; Edmund Platt; George W. Norris; George L. Harrison; Herny Parker Willis; Paul M. Warburg; Henry B. Steagall; Clifton A. Woodrum; Edward W. Kemmerer;Rudolph Spreckels; Sam M. Kaplan; John Foster Dulles; Milton Friedman; T. F. Wentworth; Dean Acheson; Chester Morrill; Walter Wyatt; Eugene R. Black; James P. Warburg; and James Elliott Heath","Box 33: (Fletcher-Rayburn Bill, Kean Bill; National Securities Exchange Act, McLeod Bill, or the Banking Act of 1935); Federal Reserve Amendment Section 12b; Morris-Sheppard Bill; Chester Morrill; Thomas B. McAdams; William Gibbs McAdoo; Elmer Thomas; Henry Morgenthau, Jr.; Eugene Meyer; Duncan U. Fletcher; Jesse H. Jones; and Richard C. Whitney","Box 34: Banking Act of 1933; National Securities Exchange Act; Kean Bill; Fletcher-Rayburn Bill; misuse of the Federal Reserve System; de-evaluation of the dollar; and Gold Reserve Act","Box 35: Banking Act of 1935; Gold Reserve Act; Gold speech of Russell C. Leffingwell; National Recovery Act; Hugh S. Johnson; Kaplan Plan; Robert L. Owen inquiry; Huey Long; Goldsborough Amendment;Elmer Thomas; Charles S. Hamlin; George Wharton Pepper; Henry H. Heiman; Henry Parker Willis; George W. Norris; Duncan U. Fletcher; J. F. T. O'Connor; Robert D. Kent; Royal S. Copeland; Edward W. Kemmerer; and A. Willis Robertson","Box 36: Responses to the Banking Act of 1935; Harry Flood Byrd; Duncan U. Fletcher; A. Willis Robertson; Leo T. Crowley; Jesse H. Jones; Edmund Platt; Henry Morgenthau, Jr.; J. F. T. O'Connor; Thomas B. McAdams; and Thomas P. Gore","Box 37: Responses to the Banking Act of 1935; Glass concerns about Marriner S. Eccles as Governor of the Federal Reserve Board and criticism of government and political control of banking; Federal Reserve Act authorship; Goldsborough Amendment; Townsend Plan; A. H. Dobson; Frank A. Vanderlip; Irving Fisher; Walter Lichtenstein; Arthur Capper; Duncan U. Fletcher; Bennett Champ Clark; Thomas P. Gore; Henry Heiman; Thomas B. McAdams; Hollins N. Randolph; Hugo L. Black; and Thorwald Siegfried","Box 38: Banking Act of 1935; Gold clause; Comptroller of the Currency; silver; Robert L. Owen inquiry; Reconstruction Finance Corporation; repeal of Thomas Amendment; concern about Marriner S. Eccles as Governor of the Federal Reserve Board; portrait of John Skelton Williams; Edmund Platt; Agnes and Eugene Meyer; Chester Morrill; Robert F. Wagner; Kenneth D. McKellar; George L. Harrison; Harry S. Truman; George W. Norris; Henry Parker Willis; Henry Morgenthau, Jr.; Marriner S. Eccles and Russell C. Leffingwell(Treasury and Nye Report)","Box 39: Repeal Thomas Amendment; Branch banking; Bankhead-Jones Farm Act; Federal Land Bank of Baltimore Bank Holding companies; and Reconstruction Finance Corporation.William Gibbs McAdoo,Edmund Platt,Thomas B. McAdams,Henry Heiman,Jesse H. Jones,Henry Morgenthau, Jr.,Robert L. Owen,and the death of Henry Parker Willis","Box 40: Henry Parker Willis Foundation; Federal Reserve Act anniversary; J. F. T. O'Connor resignation; misuse of the Federal Reserve System; Robert L. Owen and Carter Glass accusations against Marriner S. Eccles; Reconstruction Finance Corporation; Clayton Act; Mead Bill; De-evaluation of the dollar;silver program; Gold Act; Home Owners Loan Corporation Act; Self-liquidating Bill; and Barden Bill.Edmund Platt,Jesse H. Jones, William Gibbs McAdoo,Henry Morgenthau, Jr.,Robert F. Wagner,and Marriner S. Eccles","Box 41: Tribute to Edmund Platt; Embargo Act; Banking and Currency Committee pending legislation; Branch banking; Silver Purchase Act; de-evaluation of the dollar; Trust Indenture Act (Robert F.Wagner); Bank Holding company; Jones Wheeler Bill; Federal Home Loan Bank Act; Clayton Act; Townsend Plan; FDIC; Pittman Amendment; Farm Relief Bill; Reconstruction Finance Corporation; Wagner Lea Bill; and disappointment with Marriner S. Eccles;Harry Flood Byrd,Jesse H. Jones,Henry Heiman,Frederic Delano,and Leo T. Crowley","Box 42: Tribute to Carter Glass; Banking and Currency Committee pending legislation; FDIC and excess profits tax; Federal Reserve Amendment Section 23; medal for Howard Hughes; American Palestine Committee (Robert F. Wagner); Farm credit; Credit Union Act; price control; Bank Holding Company; Reconstruction Finance Corporation; de-evaluation of the dollar Federal Reserve Act authorship; and criticism of Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Cordell Hull; Walter Lichtenstein; Chester Morrill; Robert F. Wagner; and Leo T. Crowley","H. S. Trout, president First National Bank, hoping that the bill will be defeated","Glass expressses concern that Untermeyer is trying to push the Aldrich Bill. Other correspondents include William A. Glasgow, A. P. Pujo, Hubert D. Stephens, and Henry Parker Willis","Glasgow to act as counsel to the Banking and Currency Committee of the Senate","Set up a meeting with the President to revise the currency system; Henry Parker Willis; and reference to Aldrich Bill","J. C. Goodloe suggests the need for new banking laws in order to help the farmers","Offering methods to create calmness in banking instead of panic","Banking and Currency Committee of the Senate Banking survey questions about banking","Criticism of S. 4129 and H.R. 13570 to place tax on real estate instead of stocks and bonds to help relieve bankrupt Treasury","Colonel House wants to set up a secret meeting for Samuel Untermeyer with President Wilson in order to promote the Aldrich Bill","Glass apologizes for his reaction to a speech given by Forgan","Charles McCulloch, Andrew J. Montague, and William GibbsMcAdoo","Includes correspondence about the banking bills from January to April 1916. (Carter Glass correspondence with Clement C. Dickinson January 22, 1916 defending the Federal Reserve.)","Bankruptcy laws, World War I","Mentions medal for Howard Hughes","includes correspondence Carter Glass","See also 1933","Woodrow Wilson typed speech to the House of Representatives","Historic moment when Glass takes the first transatlantic flight to Europe with the loan from Treasurer Russell C. Leffingwell","Agriculture Appropriation Bill; Smith-lever funds; and African Americans in Virginia","See also Trade Farmers' and Growers Association Box 52 Folder 1","printed item \"The Aluminum Monopoly\"","Virginia Polytechnic Institute request for captured German cannon","mention of J. G. Ferneyhough and cows also","Edwin Anderson Alderman, Governor E.Lee Trinkle, Jr.","Glass S. 4029 to determine location for engagement of war vessels and memorial; interview with last survivor of the Merrimac, Richard Curtis; and John Stewart Bryan","Sibley lawsuit claim H. B. 3436","Elben C. Folkes requests help for his son; lawsuit J. G. Ferneyhough; Senator Couzens; and Florence Adams nomination for AppleBlossom Princess","Edwin Anderson Alderman letter advocating for a hospital in Charlottesville","Memorial Bridge approach bill; H. R. 796; furlough and shorter work week; claims; capital punishment for kidnappers H. R. 96; transportation of persons or property in commerce by motor carrier S. 2793; opposition to income tax;Montgomery county Civic Federation special meeting; Tariff Act of 1930 to import science books for teaching purposes; stamp tax on bank checks (banking); Public Works Program; equal protection of voters in Puerto Rico S. 4691; unemployment relief bills; Railroad pension bill H. R. 10023 and S. 3892, H. R. 9891; Hatfield Bill; Keller Bill 4646; S. 4161; Boulder Dam; Home Loan Bank S. 2959; Emergency Industries Preservation Act; Stuart Junior High School; Albemarle County Medical Society S. 3090 and H. R. 8077; prohibit experiments on living dogs in District of Columbia S. 2146; night work pay H. R. 11267; District of Columbia appropriation bill H. R. 11361; Brookhart Bill censorship of moving pictures; vocational rehabilitation S. 3818; opposition to abolishment of Army Transports and Panama Railroad Steamship Line; Federal relief for unemployed; Capper-Kelly bill to relief excise taxes on druggist; patenting of original designs of silk patterns; Georgetown Branch Library Building and District of Columbia appropriation bill; radio lottery advertising H. R. 7716; Injunction measure S. 936; strengthen immigration laws H. B. 1967; crime to advocate overthrow of government H. B. 8549; issue two or three billions in bonds of small denominations for soldiers bonus or as currency;intrinsic property values vs market values in depression times; and President Hoover's Bankers-Industrialists Committee of Twelve for Credit Expansion","Ernie Adamson","immigration; Tangiers Island; and Colgate W. Darden, Jr.","Harry Flood Byrd","Frances Perkins","Robert F. Wagner","Kenneth McKellar; and Astor case","See also Political correspondence","See also Political correspondence","See also Legislative correspondence 1921","Colgate Darden Jr.","Schuyler O. Bland","\"Pump Priming Bill\" Harry Flood Byrd; Public Works Administration; Equal Rights Bill; and Industrial Profits Tax","There are no restrictions in this collection except for veterans claims.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Carter Glass Papers, 1820/1946"],"collection_ssim":["Carter Glass Papers, 1820/1946"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 2913","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/206"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 2913","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/206"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia -- Politics and government -- 20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia -- Politics and government -- 20th century"],"places_ssim":["Virginia -- Politics and government -- 20th century"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions in this collection except for veterans claims."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a gift from the Glass family to the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia in 1948."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Banks and banking -- United States","Judges -- Selection and appointment","Depressions -- 1929 -- United States","Labor laws and legislation -- United States","World War, 1939-1945","World War, 1914-1918"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Banks and banking -- United States","Judges -- Selection and appointment","Depressions -- 1929 -- United States","Labor laws and legislation -- United States","World War, 1939-1945","World War, 1914-1918"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["141 Cubic Feet 285 document boxes, 3 oversize flat boxes"],"extent_tesim":["141 Cubic Feet 285 document boxes, 3 oversize flat boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research. Restrictions apply to veterans claims.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research. Restrictions apply to veterans claims."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into four series: Series 1. Banking: Subseries banking correspondence,  banking printed, Series 2. Correspondence: Subseries legislative, military, political, topical, greeting cards, business and related cards, honors, constituent (patronage, praise),veterans claim (restricted), and veterinary (farming), Series 3. Manuscripts and miscellaneous, Series 4. Printed and miscellaneous: Subseries newspaper clippings, articles, bills, reports and photographs, speeches, and election tickets. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDue to the large size of this collection these categories are meant as general guidelines and some cross over of subjects can be expected throughout the series. Similarly,further searching may be necessary if an area of research is not found in the identified series of the guide, for example military correspondence is located chronologically throughout the collection and as a subseries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1 Banking Correspondence is in boxes 1-43, 171-177; Banking Printed is in boxes 44-47; Series 2 Correspondence: Legislative Correspondence is in boxes 47-105, 178-180; Military Correspondence is in boxes 105-109; Political Correspondence is in boxes 109-143, 180-183; Topical Correspondence is in boxes 143-169; 183-193; Greeting Cards are in boxes 169-170; Honors are in box 170; Constituent Correspondence is in boxes 194-220; Patronage Correspondence is in boxes 220-249; Praise for Carter Glass is in boxes 250-258; Invitations are in boxes 259-264; Veteran's Claims (restricted) are in boxes 265-268; Veterinarian and farming (cows) are in box 269; Series 3 Manuscripts and Miscellaneous are in box 270; Series 4 Printed(including newspaper articles, photographs, and speeches) are in boxes 271-279; Letterbooks for 1918-1919 are in boxes 281-282.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into four series: Series 1. Banking: Subseries banking correspondence,  banking printed, Series 2. Correspondence: Subseries legislative, military, political, topical, greeting cards, business and related cards, honors, constituent (patronage, praise),veterans claim (restricted), and veterinary (farming), Series 3. Manuscripts and miscellaneous, Series 4. Printed and miscellaneous: Subseries newspaper clippings, articles, bills, reports and photographs, speeches, and election tickets.","Due to the large size of this collection these categories are meant as general guidelines and some cross over of subjects can be expected throughout the series. Similarly,further searching may be necessary if an area of research is not found in the identified series of the guide, for example military correspondence is located chronologically throughout the collection and as a subseries.","Series 1 Banking Correspondence is in boxes 1-43, 171-177; Banking Printed is in boxes 44-47; Series 2 Correspondence: Legislative Correspondence is in boxes 47-105, 178-180; Military Correspondence is in boxes 105-109; Political Correspondence is in boxes 109-143, 180-183; Topical Correspondence is in boxes 143-169; 183-193; Greeting Cards are in boxes 169-170; Honors are in box 170; Constituent Correspondence is in boxes 194-220; Patronage Correspondence is in boxes 220-249; Praise for Carter Glass is in boxes 250-258; Invitations are in boxes 259-264; Veteran's Claims (restricted) are in boxes 265-268; Veterinarian and farming (cows) are in box 269; Series 3 Manuscripts and Miscellaneous are in box 270; Series 4 Printed(including newspaper articles, photographs, and speeches) are in boxes 271-279; Letterbooks for 1918-1919 are in boxes 281-282."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e Carter Glass (January 4, 1858 – May 28, 1946) was born on January 4, 1858, in Lynchburg, Virginia, to Robert Henry Glass and Augusta Elizabeth Christian. He became a newspaper publisher (like his father)and after hearing a speech by William Jenning Bryan in 1896, entered politics in 1902 as a Democrat in the United States House of Representatives and was re-elected to eight terms. He was a United States Senator from Lynchburg, Virginia from 1920 until his death in 1946.  In 1913, he became Chairman of the House Committee on Banking and Currency, where he worked with President Woodrow Wilson to pass the Glass-Owen Federal Reserve Act and he went on to pass the Glass-Steagall Act in 1932 and the Banking Act in 1933 that made banking more stable in the United States. In 1918, President Wilson appointed him Secretary of the Treasury, where he marketed Victory Liberty Loans for World War I debts.  At the 1920 Democratic National Convention Glass was nominated for President of the United States. Many of his supporters have said that at 5'4 inches tall, his speeches and political prowess made him seem larger than life.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCarter Glass became an apprentice printer to his father when he was 13 years old, and continued his education through reading literature in his father's library. At the age of 22, Glass became a reporter, a job he had long sought, for the \"Lynchburg News\". He rose to become the morning newspaper's editor by 1887. After acquiring the afternoon \"Daily Advance\", the competing \"Daily Republican\",  he became Lynchburg's sole newspaper publisher. The \"Lynchburg News and Advance\" is the successor publication to his newspapers. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Carter Glass played a major role in the establishment of the U.S. financial regulatory system, helping to establish the Federal Reserve System and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. He co-sponsored the 1933 Banking Act, also known as the Glass–Steagall Act, which created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and enforced the separation of investment banking firms and commercial banks. His banking reforms (Banking Act of 1913, Glass Steagall Act 1932, Banking Act of 1933) earned him gratitude across the country, landing him on the cover of Time Magazine twice, and honoring him with many degrees from universities.  Prior to Glass's reforms, the country's banking system was chaotic and regulated by bankers. The Glass-Steagall bill restricted banks from engaging in invesment banking. The country had suffered eight recessions between 1890 and 1914. Portions of the Glass-Steagall bill were repealed in 1999, allowing banks to combine their own investment activity with commercial banking and possibly contributing to the recession in 2008.\n \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNot as well-publicized was Carter Glass's lifelong opposition to voting rights for African Americans. One of Glass's first political exploits was helping craft the revised 1902 Virginia Constitution to bar [African American] citizens from voting. The 1902 Constitution instituted a poll tax and required bulk payment after a voter missed elections, making voting a luxury. The Constitution also required that voters pass a literacy test with their performance graded by the registrar. When questioned as to whether these measures were potentially discriminatory, Glass exclaimed, \"Discrimination! Why that is exactly what we propose. To remove every [African American] voter who can be gotten rid of, legally, without materially impairing the numerical strength of the white electorate.\" Indeed, the number of African Americans qualified to vote dropped from 147,000 to 21,000 immediately. More than 50 years after it was ratified, the Lynchburg senator remained opposed to the 15th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which granted African Americans the right to vote. He said in the 1920's it \"constituted an attempt to destroy white civilization in nearly one-third of the nation and to erect on its ruins an Ethiopian state ignorant, profligate, corrupt, controlled by manumitted slaves.\" Glass was in step with his white constituents in Virginia, where African Americans did not receive equal voting rights until the 1960s. In 1928, during a debate involving prohibition, Glass said, \"people of the original thirteen Southern States curse and deride and spit upon the Fifteenth Amendment — and have no intention of letting the [African American] vote\" all the while maintaining Virginia was complying with the law.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nCarter Glass remained one of the strongest advocates of segregation and continued to dedicate much of his political career to the perpetuation of Jim Crow laws in the South. He sponsored massive resistance legislation along with Virginia Senator Harry F. Byrd of Winchester, another Virginia newspaperman who shared many of Glass's political views. Both Glass and Byrd were opposed to Roosevelt's New Deal policies. Each was a strong supporter of fiscal conservatism and states' rights. Carter Glass supported President Roosevelt but later criticized his policies, including the New Deal, attempts to pack the Supreme Court, third term presidency, and nominations for Federal Judgeships.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGlass had suffered from ill health throughout his life, and usually walked on tip toes because he believed that would help with his indigestion. He kept his seat in his final term in the Senate even though he was not able to be in attendance. He died in his hotel apartment in Washington, D.C., on May 28, 1946. His funeral in Lynchburg was attended by the Chief Justice, the Secretary of State, 11 Senators, 11 House members, and other notables. History remembers Carter Glass as the Father of the Federal Reserve Act but today history also considers his role in the 1902 Constitution that disenfranchised virtually every black voter in the state. The reduction in African American votes helped him politically and put him in a postion to create the banking reform legislation. Nationally, Glass might have been the architect of financial reform that stabilized the nation's banking system, but at home, historian J. Douglas Smith calls him, \"the architect of disenfranchisement in the Old Dominion.\" Harvard University named their business school, Glass House, after Carter Glass achievements in banking, but they have now changed the name to Cash House, for James Cash, the first African American tenured professor at Harvard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSources: \nWikipedia\nJoe Stinnett, retired editor of The News \u0026amp; Advance and The Roanoke Times.\nThe Roanoke Times\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Carter Glass (January 4, 1858 – May 28, 1946) was born on January 4, 1858, in Lynchburg, Virginia, to Robert Henry Glass and Augusta Elizabeth Christian. He became a newspaper publisher (like his father)and after hearing a speech by William Jenning Bryan in 1896, entered politics in 1902 as a Democrat in the United States House of Representatives and was re-elected to eight terms. He was a United States Senator from Lynchburg, Virginia from 1920 until his death in 1946.  In 1913, he became Chairman of the House Committee on Banking and Currency, where he worked with President Woodrow Wilson to pass the Glass-Owen Federal Reserve Act and he went on to pass the Glass-Steagall Act in 1932 and the Banking Act in 1933 that made banking more stable in the United States. In 1918, President Wilson appointed him Secretary of the Treasury, where he marketed Victory Liberty Loans for World War I debts.  At the 1920 Democratic National Convention Glass was nominated for President of the United States. Many of his supporters have said that at 5'4 inches tall, his speeches and political prowess made him seem larger than life.","Carter Glass became an apprentice printer to his father when he was 13 years old, and continued his education through reading literature in his father's library. At the age of 22, Glass became a reporter, a job he had long sought, for the \"Lynchburg News\". He rose to become the morning newspaper's editor by 1887. After acquiring the afternoon \"Daily Advance\", the competing \"Daily Republican\",  he became Lynchburg's sole newspaper publisher. The \"Lynchburg News and Advance\" is the successor publication to his newspapers.","Carter Glass played a major role in the establishment of the U.S. financial regulatory system, helping to establish the Federal Reserve System and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. He co-sponsored the 1933 Banking Act, also known as the Glass–Steagall Act, which created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and enforced the separation of investment banking firms and commercial banks. His banking reforms (Banking Act of 1913, Glass Steagall Act 1932, Banking Act of 1933) earned him gratitude across the country, landing him on the cover of Time Magazine twice, and honoring him with many degrees from universities.  Prior to Glass's reforms, the country's banking system was chaotic and regulated by bankers. The Glass-Steagall bill restricted banks from engaging in invesment banking. The country had suffered eight recessions between 1890 and 1914. Portions of the Glass-Steagall bill were repealed in 1999, allowing banks to combine their own investment activity with commercial banking and possibly contributing to the recession in 2008.","Not as well-publicized was Carter Glass's lifelong opposition to voting rights for African Americans. One of Glass's first political exploits was helping craft the revised 1902 Virginia Constitution to bar [African American] citizens from voting. The 1902 Constitution instituted a poll tax and required bulk payment after a voter missed elections, making voting a luxury. The Constitution also required that voters pass a literacy test with their performance graded by the registrar. When questioned as to whether these measures were potentially discriminatory, Glass exclaimed, \"Discrimination! Why that is exactly what we propose. To remove every [African American] voter who can be gotten rid of, legally, without materially impairing the numerical strength of the white electorate.\" Indeed, the number of African Americans qualified to vote dropped from 147,000 to 21,000 immediately. More than 50 years after it was ratified, the Lynchburg senator remained opposed to the 15th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which granted African Americans the right to vote. He said in the 1920's it \"constituted an attempt to destroy white civilization in nearly one-third of the nation and to erect on its ruins an Ethiopian state ignorant, profligate, corrupt, controlled by manumitted slaves.\" Glass was in step with his white constituents in Virginia, where African Americans did not receive equal voting rights until the 1960s. In 1928, during a debate involving prohibition, Glass said, \"people of the original thirteen Southern States curse and deride and spit upon the Fifteenth Amendment — and have no intention of letting the [African American] vote\" all the while maintaining Virginia was complying with the law.","Carter Glass remained one of the strongest advocates of segregation and continued to dedicate much of his political career to the perpetuation of Jim Crow laws in the South. He sponsored massive resistance legislation along with Virginia Senator Harry F. Byrd of Winchester, another Virginia newspaperman who shared many of Glass's political views. Both Glass and Byrd were opposed to Roosevelt's New Deal policies. Each was a strong supporter of fiscal conservatism and states' rights. Carter Glass supported President Roosevelt but later criticized his policies, including the New Deal, attempts to pack the Supreme Court, third term presidency, and nominations for Federal Judgeships.","Glass had suffered from ill health throughout his life, and usually walked on tip toes because he believed that would help with his indigestion. He kept his seat in his final term in the Senate even though he was not able to be in attendance. He died in his hotel apartment in Washington, D.C., on May 28, 1946. His funeral in Lynchburg was attended by the Chief Justice, the Secretary of State, 11 Senators, 11 House members, and other notables. History remembers Carter Glass as the Father of the Federal Reserve Act but today history also considers his role in the 1902 Constitution that disenfranchised virtually every black voter in the state. The reduction in African American votes helped him politically and put him in a postion to create the banking reform legislation. Nationally, Glass might have been the architect of financial reform that stabilized the nation's banking system, but at home, historian J. Douglas Smith calls him, \"the architect of disenfranchisement in the Old Dominion.\" Harvard University named their business school, Glass House, after Carter Glass achievements in banking, but they have now changed the name to Cash House, for James Cash, the first African American tenured professor at Harvard.","Sources: \nWikipedia\nJoe Stinnett, retired editor of The News \u0026 Advance and The Roanoke Times.\nThe Roanoke Times"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 2913, Carter Glass papers, Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 2913, Carter Glass papers, Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Carter Glass papers, 1820-1946, 141 cubic feet, consist of correspondence, manuscripts, newspaper articles, photographs, speeches, and printed materials from his work in the Banking and Currency Committee, the Secretary of the Treasury (1918-1920), and the United States Senate (1920-1946). Subjects include: The Federal Reserve Banking Act of 1913, the Federal Reserve system, and the Banking Act of 1933 (1932 Glass-Steagall Act).  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOther topics include international, national and state issues reflected in the politics of this time period including opposition to the National Industrial Recovery Act; National Labor Relations Act; Bank Holding Company Bill; Office of Price Administration; World Wars I and II; League of Nations; World Court; Democratic Party platforms and policies; presidential elections of 1912, 1920, 1924, 1928, and 1940; Senator Huey P. Long; Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal; attempted packing of the Supreme Court; neutrality legislation; disarmament; regulation of the coal industry; (business) products and services; child labor; anti-lynching law; immigration restriction (especially Chinese in Hawaii); Muscle Shoals; trade with Russia; diplomatic relations with the Vatican; Four-Power Treaty; soldiers' bonus bill; tariffs and protectionism; and national defense.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVirginia topics of concern to Glass or his constituents include poll tax elimination; African American suffrage; women's suffrage; highways; intrastate commerce; University of Virginia Board of Visitors;  Woodrow Wilson Foundation; national Patrick Henry shrine at \"Red Hill\"; gubernatorial election of 1924; Bishop James Cannon, Jr., prohibition and the Anti-saloon League; Skyline Drive; Spotsylvania Battlefield Park; Virginia Fight For Freedom Committee; operation of the Lynchburg News and Advance; and patronage requests from Lynchburg, Roanoke, and Bedford, Campbell, Floyd, Montgomery, and Roanoke Counties, Va.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMiscellaneous items of interest include a letter describing the early life of Booker T. Washington, election tickets for 1848, a 1906 recipe book, and letters concerning Glass' belief in the Baconian theory of Shakespeare authorship.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmong the many correspondents are Edwin A. Alderman, Newton Baker, Ray Stannard Baker, Alben Barkley, Bernard Baruch, William E. Borah, Chester Bowles, John Stewart Bryan, William Jennings Bryan, Harry F. Byrd, Richard E. Byrd, Calvin Coolidge, John W. Daniel, Josephus Daniels, Colgate W. Darden, Westmoreland Davis, Frederic A. Delano, the Democratic National Committee, Marriner S. Eccles, James A. Farley, Henry Ford, Douglas Southall Freeman, James A. Garfield, Samuel Gompers, Cary T. Grayson, Charles S. Hamlin, William P.G. Harding, Warren G. Harding, George L. Harrison, J. Edgar Hoover,Herbert Hoover, Edwin M. House, Cordell Hull, Harold Ickes, Hugh S. Johnson, Jesse Jones, Joseph P. Kennedy, Russell C. Leffingwell, Walter Lippmann, Huey Long, William Gibbs McAdoo, George Walter Mapp, Andrew Mellon, Eugene and Agnes Meyer, Andrew J. Montague, R. Walton Moore, Henry Morgenthau, Jr., Robert L. Owen, George C. Peery, Edmund Platt, John Garland Pollard, A. Willis Robertson, Eleanor Roosevelt, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Dave E. Satterfield, C. Bascom Slemp, Rixey Smith, Billy Sunday, Claude A. Swanson, Harry S. Truman, Joseph P. Tumulty, Oscar W. Underwood, Samuel Untermeyer, Arthur H. Vandenberg, Robert F. Wagner, Henry A. Wallace, Paul Moritz Warburg, Richard S. Whaley, William Allen White, John Skelton Williams, Henry Parker Willis, , Edith Bolling Wilson, Woodrow Wilson, Clifton A. Woodrum, and Walter Wyatt.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondents include President Woodrow Wilson, Samuel Untermyer, Henry Parker Willis, Charles G. Hamlin, William Gibbs McAdoo, Robert Owen, Victor Morawetz, Harry F. Byrd, John Skelton Williams, Henry Moehlenpah, Paul M. Warburg (under revision)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox summaries\nBox 1: The Federal Reserve Bank Act and Federal Reserve system; the Federal Farm Loan Act; Panic of 1912; The Aldrich Bill; branch banks; central banking board; gold reserves; Currency [reform] Bill of 1913; Emergency Banking Act, 1933; the Banking Act of 1933 (Glass-Steagall Act; the Bank Bill of 1935; opposition to the National Industrial Recovery Act; the National Labor Relations Act; the Bank Holding Company Bill; and the Office of Price Administration.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 2: Federal Reserve Act (Glass-Owen Bill)6454, 2639, 7837;Aldrich-Vreeland Law;Federal Farm Loan Act Rural Credits Bill;and Clayton Anti-Trust Bill\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 3: Federal Reserve Act; Federal Reserve Banks; Federal Farm Loan Act; Land Mortgage Bank Bill; Branch banking; Kern Bill; Hollis Buckley Bill; Usury laws; Charles S. Hamlin; Edmund D. Hulbert; William Gibbs McAdoo; J. H. Tregoe; Woodrow Wilson; John Skelton Williams; Henry A. Moehlenpah; Frederic A. Delano; and Carter Glass\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 4: Federal Farm Loan Act;Rural credits;Federal Reserve Amendments and responses; McFadden Bill; Hollis Buckley Bill; and gold certificates\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 5: Federal Reserve Amendments and responses (Kitchin and Hardwick Bill);and Pomerene Bill. Charles S. Hamlin,William Gibbs McAdoo,Woodrow Wilson,Clayton Act,George M. Reynolds,Paul M. Warburg,John Skelton Williams,and Carter Glass\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 6: Federal Reserve Amendments and responses (Kitchin and Hardwick Bill); Federal Reserve Act authorship; Capital Issues Committee; Federal Land Bank of Baltimore; and the Revenue Act of 1918.George Norris,Edmund Platt, Frederic A. Delano, William P. G. Harding,Paul M. Warburg,Charles S. Hamlin, John Skelton Williams,Henry Parker Willis,Eugene Meyer,and Carter Glass\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 7: Federal Reserve Act authorship; Federal Farm Loan Amendments; Federal Land Banks; currency shortage; check collection; Smoot Bill; Liberty loans; Federal Reserve Bank of New York; railroad and shipping costs; War Finance Corporation; and Second Pan American Conference. William P. G. Harding,George W. Norris,Robert L. Owen,Russell C. Leffingwell,Benjamin Strong,John Skelton Williams renomination,William Gibbs McAdoo,Charles S. Hamlin,and Carter Glass\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 8: Federal Reserve Act authorship; Clayton Anti-Trust Act; Smoot Bill; check collecting fees; branch banking; Virginia-Carolina Joint StockLandBank; budget bill; excess profits tax; gold; and Liberty bonds. Walter Edward Harris, Charles A. Korbly,Edmund Platt,William Skelton Williams,William P. G. Harding,William Gibbs McAdoo, Hollins N. Randolph,Henry Parker Willis,Russell C. Leffingwell,Arthur Capper,Thomas B. McAdams,and Carter Glass\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 9: Federal Reserve Act and authorship; Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond; Bank of Haysi; Bank of New York; Open market commercial paper rates; McFadden Bill; discount rates; Overman Resolution; Liberty bonds; Pan American Conference; and Russian trade.William P. G. Harding,John Skelton Williams,Thomas B. McAdams,Russell C. Leffingwell,Edmund Platt,John Thomas Heflin,Hollins N. Randolph,William Gibbs McAdoo,George J. Seay,Henry Parker Willis, George Armstrong,Benjamin Strong,and Carter Glass\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 10: Federal Reserve System; McFadden Bill H. R. 2; Farm Loan Mortgage; discount rates and eligible paper; Pittman Silver Act; Frank A. Vanderlip banking plan; War Finance Corporation; Bank of New York; bank failure; Anderson Bill; Lenroot Bill; and William P. G. Harding reappointment.John Skelton Williams,Reed Smoot,Hollins N. Randolph,Russell C. Leffingwell,Thomas B. McAdams,Paul M. Warburg,Edmund Platt,Henry Parker Willis,Woodrow Wilson,Benjamin Strong, Daniel C. Roper, William Gibbs McAdoo,Charles S. Hamlin,George W. Norris,and Carter Glass\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 12:Federal Reserve Act authorship; McNary-Haugen Billand (speech responses); McFadden Bill; Federal Farm Loan Act; and Carter Glass book. Walter Edward Harris,Paul Warburg,Norman Davis,Walter E. Edge,Charles W. Collins,Charles S. Hamlin,Henry Parker Willis,George J. Seay,Benjamin Strong,and Edmund Platt\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 13: Pascagoula case; Federal Reserve Act authorship; McFadden Bill; \"Committee of One Hundred\"; Carter Glass book; and the McNary-Haugen Bill. Henry Parker Willis,William P. G. Harding,George J. Seay,Harry Flood Byrd,Bernard M. Baruch,Russell C. Leffingwell,Charles S. Hamlin,Charles W. Collins,Walter Edward Harris,Thomas B. McAdams,George W. Norris,and Edmund Platt\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 14 Federal Reserve Act authorship; McFadden Bill; Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas; Lafollette Resolution; \"Committee of One Hundred\"; Federal Home Loan Bill; misuse of Federal Reserve System; President Roosevelt criticism of Federal Reserve System; Charles E. Mitchell; and bank failures. Eugene Meyer,Edmund Platt,Henry Parker Willis,Bishop James Cannon, Jr., Thomas B. McAdams,Russell C. Plainwell,and Elben C. Folks\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 15: Federal Reserve Act authorship; responses to Depression and banking crisis; Bank of Kentucky; curb stock speculations; security abuses; Charles E. Mitchell; McFadden Bill; and criticism of Herbert Hoover. Thomas B. McAdams,Walter B. Mahoney,John W. Pole,Edmund Platt,Henry Parker Willis,Bernard M. Baruch,Eugene Meyer,William P. G. Harding,George L. Harrison,George W. Norris,George J. Seay,and Richard C. Whitney\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 16: Responses to the Depressionand(banking crisis); and Bank of Kentucky.Jouett Shouse,Henry Parker Willis,Henry B. Steagall,Eugene Meyer,Charles S. Hamlin,Milton S. Florsheim,Samuel M. Kaplan,and Elben C. Folkes\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 17: Responses to the Depression and banking crisis; President Hoover Plan; Federal Land Banks; Wall Street bankers; bank failures; Bank of Kentucky; Federal Reserve Act authorship; Federal Farm Loan Act; Federal Home Loan; and Hoover moratorium. Bernard M. Baruch,Jouett Shouse,Richard C. Whitney,Charles S. Hamlin,Henry A. Moehlenpah,Millard E. Tydings,Henry Parker Willis,Andrew W. Mellon,Edmund Platt,Eugene Meyer,Russell C. Leffingwell,and Thomas B. McAdams\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 18:Depression and banking crisis; Bank of Kentucky; Senate Committee on Banking and Currency Hearings; Reconstruction Finance Corporation; Nye Report; Pan American Finance Conference; Gold; Silver; and death of E. C. Glass. Elben C. Folkes,Al Kaplan,Herbert Hoover,Jouett Shouse,Charles S. Hamlin,George L. Harrison, Thorwald Siegfried, Eugene Meyer,and Pat H. Drewery\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 19:Federal Home Loan Bank; Federal Land Bank of Baltimore; foreclosures; Glass-Steagall; and Henry Parker Willis articles in France on gold upsetting to colleagues.Franklin Delano Roosevelt,John W. Pole,Henry B. Steagall,Oliver J. Sands,Russell C. Leffingwell,Charles W. Collins,Charles S. Hamlin,and George L. Harrison\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 20-24: Glass Steagall responses; and Glass speech on gold\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 25: Glass-Steagall Act; Goldsborough Bill; gold standard; Reconstruction Finance Corporation; Joint Stock Land Banks;Revenue Act of 1932; responses to Carter Glass speech;praise for Carter Glass; bank failures; Banking study; Holiday proclamation by President Roosevelt; Funding for projects such as the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, and a bridge across the Potomac River; Herbert Hoover;Newton D. Baker;Russell C. Leffingwell;George L. Harrison; Eugene Meyer; Samuel Untermyer; Chester Morrill; George W. Norris; Richard S. Whaley;Princess Amelie Rives Troubetzkoy;James F. Byrnes;Louis Wiley; Robert J. Bulkley;John W. Owens;HenryParker Willis; and the Dallas Chamber of Commerce\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 26: Responses to banking crisis and Depressionand criticism of Herbert Hoover\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 27: Responses to Depression; McNary-Haugen Bill; Home Loan Bill; Emergency Farm Mortgage Act of 1933; Thomas Bill; Federal Reserve Amendment Section 10b; Glass-Steagall Banking Act; and Credit Report U.S. S. R. (George N. Peek).George L. Harrison,Chester Morrill,Russell C. Leffingwell,Louis T. McFadden,Emmanuel Kaplan,Hugh S. Johnson,and the National Recovery Act\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 28: Glass-Steagall Act responses; Emergency Bank Bill; California banks; and Goldsborough Amendment. Edmund Platt and Frank A. Vanderlip\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 29: Glass-Steagall Act responses, and Section 19 Statewide branch banking for national banks; Huey Long filibuster; bank guarantees; Charles E. Mitchell investigation; and continued moratorium on closing banks. Duncan U. Fletcher; Ferdinand Pecora; and Virginia Governor John Garland Pollard\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 30: Gold, Reconstruction Finance Corporation, Senate Banking and Currency Committee investigation of J. P. Morgan; Glass-Steagall Banking Act; National Recovery Act; Emergency Banking Act relief; Morris Plan; and criticism of Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Duncan U. Fletcher; and William Gibbs McAdoo\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 31: Senate investigation of J. P. Morgan;Gold standard; Expand use of silver; stability of the dollar; praise for Carter Glass radio speech \"Facts about Fiscal Policy of Our Government During the Past Few Years\" and \"Shall We Go Over the Precipice?\" Duncan U. Fletcher; Edmund Platt; and Herbert L. Myrick\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 32: Rsponses to Glass speech [\"Shall We Go Over the Precipice?\"] against Roosevelt inflation bill; Emergency Bank Bill; Bankruptcy legislation; Banking Act of 1935; Credit Union Act; Marriner S. Eccles as Governor of the Federal Reserve Board; Branchbanking; Bank of the United States; death of Eugerne R. Black; and Philippine currency. Charles S. Hamlin; Edmund Platt; George W. Norris; George L. Harrison; Herny Parker Willis; Paul M. Warburg; Henry B. Steagall; Clifton A. Woodrum; Edward W. Kemmerer;Rudolph Spreckels; Sam M. Kaplan; John Foster Dulles; Milton Friedman; T. F. Wentworth; Dean Acheson; Chester Morrill; Walter Wyatt; Eugene R. Black; James P. Warburg; and James Elliott Heath\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 33: (Fletcher-Rayburn Bill, Kean Bill; National Securities Exchange Act, McLeod Bill, or the Banking Act of 1935); Federal Reserve Amendment Section 12b; Morris-Sheppard Bill; Chester Morrill; Thomas B. McAdams; William Gibbs McAdoo; Elmer Thomas; Henry Morgenthau, Jr.; Eugene Meyer; Duncan U. Fletcher; Jesse H. Jones; and Richard C. Whitney\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 34: Banking Act of 1933; National Securities Exchange Act; Kean Bill; Fletcher-Rayburn Bill; misuse of the Federal Reserve System; de-evaluation of the dollar; and Gold Reserve Act\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 35: Banking Act of 1935; Gold Reserve Act; Gold speech of Russell C. Leffingwell; National Recovery Act; Hugh S. Johnson; Kaplan Plan; Robert L. Owen inquiry; Huey Long; Goldsborough Amendment;Elmer Thomas; Charles S. Hamlin; George Wharton Pepper; Henry H. Heiman; Henry Parker Willis; George W. Norris; Duncan U. Fletcher; J. F. T. O'Connor; Robert D. Kent; Royal S. Copeland; Edward W. Kemmerer; and A. Willis Robertson\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 36: Responses to the Banking Act of 1935; Harry Flood Byrd; Duncan U. Fletcher; A. Willis Robertson; Leo T. Crowley; Jesse H. Jones; Edmund Platt; Henry Morgenthau, Jr.; J. F. T. O'Connor; Thomas B. McAdams; and Thomas P. Gore\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 37: Responses to the Banking Act of 1935; Glass concerns about Marriner S. Eccles as Governor of the Federal Reserve Board and criticism of government and political control of banking; Federal Reserve Act authorship; Goldsborough Amendment; Townsend Plan; A. H. Dobson; Frank A. Vanderlip; Irving Fisher; Walter Lichtenstein; Arthur Capper; Duncan U. Fletcher; Bennett Champ Clark; Thomas P. Gore; Henry Heiman; Thomas B. McAdams; Hollins N. Randolph; Hugo L. Black; and Thorwald Siegfried\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 38: Banking Act of 1935; Gold clause; Comptroller of the Currency; silver; Robert L. Owen inquiry; Reconstruction Finance Corporation; repeal of Thomas Amendment; concern about Marriner S. Eccles as Governor of the Federal Reserve Board; portrait of John Skelton Williams; Edmund Platt; Agnes and Eugene Meyer; Chester Morrill; Robert F. Wagner; Kenneth D. McKellar; George L. Harrison; Harry S. Truman; George W. Norris; Henry Parker Willis; Henry Morgenthau, Jr.; Marriner S. Eccles and Russell C. Leffingwell(Treasury and Nye Report)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 39: Repeal Thomas Amendment; Branch banking; Bankhead-Jones Farm Act; Federal Land Bank of Baltimore Bank Holding companies; and Reconstruction Finance Corporation.William Gibbs McAdoo,Edmund Platt,Thomas B. McAdams,Henry Heiman,Jesse H. Jones,Henry Morgenthau, Jr.,Robert L. Owen,and the death of Henry Parker Willis\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 40: Henry Parker Willis Foundation; Federal Reserve Act anniversary; J. F. T. O'Connor resignation; misuse of the Federal Reserve System; Robert L. Owen and Carter Glass accusations against Marriner S. Eccles; Reconstruction Finance Corporation; Clayton Act; Mead Bill; De-evaluation of the dollar;silver program; Gold Act; Home Owners Loan Corporation Act; Self-liquidating Bill; and Barden Bill.Edmund Platt,Jesse H. Jones, William Gibbs McAdoo,Henry Morgenthau, Jr.,Robert F. Wagner,and Marriner S. Eccles\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 41: Tribute to Edmund Platt; Embargo Act; Banking and Currency Committee pending legislation; Branch banking; Silver Purchase Act; de-evaluation of the dollar; Trust Indenture Act (Robert F.Wagner); Bank Holding company; Jones Wheeler Bill; Federal Home Loan Bank Act; Clayton Act; Townsend Plan; FDIC; Pittman Amendment; Farm Relief Bill; Reconstruction Finance Corporation; Wagner Lea Bill; and disappointment with Marriner S. Eccles;Harry Flood Byrd,Jesse H. Jones,Henry Heiman,Frederic Delano,and Leo T. Crowley\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 42: Tribute to Carter Glass; Banking and Currency Committee pending legislation; FDIC and excess profits tax; Federal Reserve Amendment Section 23; medal for Howard Hughes; American Palestine Committee (Robert F. Wagner); Farm credit; Credit Union Act; price control; Bank Holding Company; Reconstruction Finance Corporation; de-evaluation of the dollar Federal Reserve Act authorship; and criticism of Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Cordell Hull; Walter Lichtenstein; Chester Morrill; Robert F. Wagner; and Leo T. Crowley\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eH. S. Trout, president First National Bank, hoping that the bill will be defeated\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGlass expressses concern that Untermeyer is trying to push the Aldrich Bill. Other correspondents include William A. Glasgow, A. P. Pujo, Hubert D. Stephens, and Henry Parker Willis\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGlasgow to act as counsel to the Banking and Currency Committee of the Senate\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSet up a meeting with the President to revise the currency system; Henry Parker Willis; and reference to Aldrich Bill\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJ. C. Goodloe suggests the need for new banking laws in order to help the farmers\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOffering methods to create calmness in banking instead of panic\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBanking and Currency Committee of the Senate Banking survey questions about banking\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCriticism of S. 4129 and H.R. 13570 to place tax on real estate instead of stocks and bonds to help relieve bankrupt Treasury\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColonel House wants to set up a secret meeting for Samuel Untermeyer with President Wilson in order to promote the Aldrich Bill\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGlass apologizes for his reaction to a speech given by Forgan\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharles McCulloch, Andrew J. Montague, and William GibbsMcAdoo\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes correspondence about the banking bills from January to April 1916. (Carter Glass correspondence with Clement C. Dickinson January 22, 1916 defending the Federal Reserve.)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBankruptcy laws, World War I\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMentions medal for Howard Hughes\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eincludes correspondence Carter Glass\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee also 1933\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWoodrow Wilson typed speech to the House of Representatives\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHistoric moment when Glass takes the first transatlantic flight to Europe with the loan from Treasurer Russell C. Leffingwell\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAgriculture Appropriation Bill; Smith-lever funds; and African Americans in Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee also Trade Farmers' and Growers Association Box 52 Folder 1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eprinted item \"The Aluminum Monopoly\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVirginia Polytechnic Institute request for captured German cannon\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003emention of J. G. Ferneyhough and cows also\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEdwin Anderson Alderman, Governor E.Lee Trinkle, Jr.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGlass S. 4029 to determine location for engagement of war vessels and memorial; interview with last survivor of the Merrimac, Richard Curtis; and John Stewart Bryan\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSibley lawsuit claim H. B. 3436\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eElben C. Folkes requests help for his son; lawsuit J. G. Ferneyhough; Senator Couzens; and Florence Adams nomination for AppleBlossom Princess\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEdwin Anderson Alderman letter advocating for a hospital in Charlottesville\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMemorial Bridge approach bill; H. R. 796; furlough and shorter work week; claims; capital punishment for kidnappers H. R. 96; transportation of persons or property in commerce by motor carrier S. 2793; opposition to income tax;Montgomery county Civic Federation special meeting; Tariff Act of 1930 to import science books for teaching purposes; stamp tax on bank checks (banking); Public Works Program; equal protection of voters in Puerto Rico S. 4691; unemployment relief bills; Railroad pension bill H. R. 10023 and S. 3892, H. R. 9891; Hatfield Bill; Keller Bill 4646; S. 4161; Boulder Dam; Home Loan Bank S. 2959; Emergency Industries Preservation Act; Stuart Junior High School; Albemarle County Medical Society S. 3090 and H. R. 8077; prohibit experiments on living dogs in District of Columbia S. 2146; night work pay H. R. 11267; District of Columbia appropriation bill H. R. 11361; Brookhart Bill censorship of moving pictures; vocational rehabilitation S. 3818; opposition to abolishment of Army Transports and Panama Railroad Steamship Line; Federal relief for unemployed; Capper-Kelly bill to relief excise taxes on druggist; patenting of original designs of silk patterns; Georgetown Branch Library Building and District of Columbia appropriation bill; radio lottery advertising H. R. 7716; Injunction measure S. 936; strengthen immigration laws H. B. 1967; crime to advocate overthrow of government H. B. 8549; issue two or three billions in bonds of small denominations for soldiers bonus or as currency;intrinsic property values vs market values in depression times; and President Hoover's Bankers-Industrialists Committee of Twelve for Credit Expansion\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eErnie Adamson\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eimmigration; Tangiers Island; and Colgate W. Darden, Jr.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarry Flood Byrd\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrances Perkins\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRobert F. Wagner\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eKenneth McKellar; and Astor case\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee also Political correspondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee also Political correspondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee also Legislative correspondence 1921\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eColgate Darden Jr.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSchuyler O. Bland\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Pump Priming Bill\" Harry Flood Byrd; Public Works Administration; Equal Rights Bill; and Industrial Profits Tax\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Carter Glass papers, 1820-1946, 141 cubic feet, consist of correspondence, manuscripts, newspaper articles, photographs, speeches, and printed materials from his work in the Banking and Currency Committee, the Secretary of the Treasury (1918-1920), and the United States Senate (1920-1946). Subjects include: The Federal Reserve Banking Act of 1913, the Federal Reserve system, and the Banking Act of 1933 (1932 Glass-Steagall Act).","Other topics include international, national and state issues reflected in the politics of this time period including opposition to the National Industrial Recovery Act; National Labor Relations Act; Bank Holding Company Bill; Office of Price Administration; World Wars I and II; League of Nations; World Court; Democratic Party platforms and policies; presidential elections of 1912, 1920, 1924, 1928, and 1940; Senator Huey P. Long; Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal; attempted packing of the Supreme Court; neutrality legislation; disarmament; regulation of the coal industry; (business) products and services; child labor; anti-lynching law; immigration restriction (especially Chinese in Hawaii); Muscle Shoals; trade with Russia; diplomatic relations with the Vatican; Four-Power Treaty; soldiers' bonus bill; tariffs and protectionism; and national defense.","Virginia topics of concern to Glass or his constituents include poll tax elimination; African American suffrage; women's suffrage; highways; intrastate commerce; University of Virginia Board of Visitors;  Woodrow Wilson Foundation; national Patrick Henry shrine at \"Red Hill\"; gubernatorial election of 1924; Bishop James Cannon, Jr., prohibition and the Anti-saloon League; Skyline Drive; Spotsylvania Battlefield Park; Virginia Fight For Freedom Committee; operation of the Lynchburg News and Advance; and patronage requests from Lynchburg, Roanoke, and Bedford, Campbell, Floyd, Montgomery, and Roanoke Counties, Va.","Miscellaneous items of interest include a letter describing the early life of Booker T. Washington, election tickets for 1848, a 1906 recipe book, and letters concerning Glass' belief in the Baconian theory of Shakespeare authorship.","Among the many correspondents are Edwin A. Alderman, Newton Baker, Ray Stannard Baker, Alben Barkley, Bernard Baruch, William E. Borah, Chester Bowles, John Stewart Bryan, William Jennings Bryan, Harry F. Byrd, Richard E. Byrd, Calvin Coolidge, John W. Daniel, Josephus Daniels, Colgate W. Darden, Westmoreland Davis, Frederic A. Delano, the Democratic National Committee, Marriner S. Eccles, James A. Farley, Henry Ford, Douglas Southall Freeman, James A. Garfield, Samuel Gompers, Cary T. Grayson, Charles S. Hamlin, William P.G. Harding, Warren G. Harding, George L. Harrison, J. Edgar Hoover,Herbert Hoover, Edwin M. House, Cordell Hull, Harold Ickes, Hugh S. Johnson, Jesse Jones, Joseph P. Kennedy, Russell C. Leffingwell, Walter Lippmann, Huey Long, William Gibbs McAdoo, George Walter Mapp, Andrew Mellon, Eugene and Agnes Meyer, Andrew J. Montague, R. Walton Moore, Henry Morgenthau, Jr., Robert L. Owen, George C. Peery, Edmund Platt, John Garland Pollard, A. Willis Robertson, Eleanor Roosevelt, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Dave E. Satterfield, C. Bascom Slemp, Rixey Smith, Billy Sunday, Claude A. Swanson, Harry S. Truman, Joseph P. Tumulty, Oscar W. Underwood, Samuel Untermeyer, Arthur H. Vandenberg, Robert F. Wagner, Henry A. Wallace, Paul Moritz Warburg, Richard S. Whaley, William Allen White, John Skelton Williams, Henry Parker Willis, , Edith Bolling Wilson, Woodrow Wilson, Clifton A. Woodrum, and Walter Wyatt.","Correspondents include President Woodrow Wilson, Samuel Untermyer, Henry Parker Willis, Charles G. Hamlin, William Gibbs McAdoo, Robert Owen, Victor Morawetz, Harry F. Byrd, John Skelton Williams, Henry Moehlenpah, Paul M. Warburg (under revision)","Box summaries\nBox 1: The Federal Reserve Bank Act and Federal Reserve system; the Federal Farm Loan Act; Panic of 1912; The Aldrich Bill; branch banks; central banking board; gold reserves; Currency [reform] Bill of 1913; Emergency Banking Act, 1933; the Banking Act of 1933 (Glass-Steagall Act; the Bank Bill of 1935; opposition to the National Industrial Recovery Act; the National Labor Relations Act; the Bank Holding Company Bill; and the Office of Price Administration.","Box 2: Federal Reserve Act (Glass-Owen Bill)6454, 2639, 7837;Aldrich-Vreeland Law;Federal Farm Loan Act Rural Credits Bill;and Clayton Anti-Trust Bill","Box 3: Federal Reserve Act; Federal Reserve Banks; Federal Farm Loan Act; Land Mortgage Bank Bill; Branch banking; Kern Bill; Hollis Buckley Bill; Usury laws; Charles S. Hamlin; Edmund D. Hulbert; William Gibbs McAdoo; J. H. Tregoe; Woodrow Wilson; John Skelton Williams; Henry A. Moehlenpah; Frederic A. Delano; and Carter Glass","Box 4: Federal Farm Loan Act;Rural credits;Federal Reserve Amendments and responses; McFadden Bill; Hollis Buckley Bill; and gold certificates","Box 5: Federal Reserve Amendments and responses (Kitchin and Hardwick Bill);and Pomerene Bill. Charles S. Hamlin,William Gibbs McAdoo,Woodrow Wilson,Clayton Act,George M. Reynolds,Paul M. Warburg,John Skelton Williams,and Carter Glass","Box 6: Federal Reserve Amendments and responses (Kitchin and Hardwick Bill); Federal Reserve Act authorship; Capital Issues Committee; Federal Land Bank of Baltimore; and the Revenue Act of 1918.George Norris,Edmund Platt, Frederic A. Delano, William P. G. Harding,Paul M. Warburg,Charles S. Hamlin, John Skelton Williams,Henry Parker Willis,Eugene Meyer,and Carter Glass","Box 7: Federal Reserve Act authorship; Federal Farm Loan Amendments; Federal Land Banks; currency shortage; check collection; Smoot Bill; Liberty loans; Federal Reserve Bank of New York; railroad and shipping costs; War Finance Corporation; and Second Pan American Conference. William P. G. Harding,George W. Norris,Robert L. Owen,Russell C. Leffingwell,Benjamin Strong,John Skelton Williams renomination,William Gibbs McAdoo,Charles S. Hamlin,and Carter Glass","Box 8: Federal Reserve Act authorship; Clayton Anti-Trust Act; Smoot Bill; check collecting fees; branch banking; Virginia-Carolina Joint StockLandBank; budget bill; excess profits tax; gold; and Liberty bonds. Walter Edward Harris, Charles A. Korbly,Edmund Platt,William Skelton Williams,William P. G. Harding,William Gibbs McAdoo, Hollins N. Randolph,Henry Parker Willis,Russell C. Leffingwell,Arthur Capper,Thomas B. McAdams,and Carter Glass","Box 9: Federal Reserve Act and authorship; Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond; Bank of Haysi; Bank of New York; Open market commercial paper rates; McFadden Bill; discount rates; Overman Resolution; Liberty bonds; Pan American Conference; and Russian trade.William P. G. Harding,John Skelton Williams,Thomas B. McAdams,Russell C. Leffingwell,Edmund Platt,John Thomas Heflin,Hollins N. Randolph,William Gibbs McAdoo,George J. Seay,Henry Parker Willis, George Armstrong,Benjamin Strong,and Carter Glass","Box 10: Federal Reserve System; McFadden Bill H. R. 2; Farm Loan Mortgage; discount rates and eligible paper; Pittman Silver Act; Frank A. Vanderlip banking plan; War Finance Corporation; Bank of New York; bank failure; Anderson Bill; Lenroot Bill; and William P. G. Harding reappointment.John Skelton Williams,Reed Smoot,Hollins N. Randolph,Russell C. Leffingwell,Thomas B. McAdams,Paul M. Warburg,Edmund Platt,Henry Parker Willis,Woodrow Wilson,Benjamin Strong, Daniel C. Roper, William Gibbs McAdoo,Charles S. Hamlin,George W. Norris,and Carter Glass","Box 12:Federal Reserve Act authorship; McNary-Haugen Billand (speech responses); McFadden Bill; Federal Farm Loan Act; and Carter Glass book. Walter Edward Harris,Paul Warburg,Norman Davis,Walter E. Edge,Charles W. Collins,Charles S. Hamlin,Henry Parker Willis,George J. Seay,Benjamin Strong,and Edmund Platt","Box 13: Pascagoula case; Federal Reserve Act authorship; McFadden Bill; \"Committee of One Hundred\"; Carter Glass book; and the McNary-Haugen Bill. Henry Parker Willis,William P. G. Harding,George J. Seay,Harry Flood Byrd,Bernard M. Baruch,Russell C. Leffingwell,Charles S. Hamlin,Charles W. Collins,Walter Edward Harris,Thomas B. McAdams,George W. Norris,and Edmund Platt","Box 14 Federal Reserve Act authorship; McFadden Bill; Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas; Lafollette Resolution; \"Committee of One Hundred\"; Federal Home Loan Bill; misuse of Federal Reserve System; President Roosevelt criticism of Federal Reserve System; Charles E. Mitchell; and bank failures. Eugene Meyer,Edmund Platt,Henry Parker Willis,Bishop James Cannon, Jr., Thomas B. McAdams,Russell C. Plainwell,and Elben C. Folks","Box 15: Federal Reserve Act authorship; responses to Depression and banking crisis; Bank of Kentucky; curb stock speculations; security abuses; Charles E. Mitchell; McFadden Bill; and criticism of Herbert Hoover. Thomas B. McAdams,Walter B. Mahoney,John W. Pole,Edmund Platt,Henry Parker Willis,Bernard M. Baruch,Eugene Meyer,William P. G. Harding,George L. Harrison,George W. Norris,George J. Seay,and Richard C. Whitney","Box 16: Responses to the Depressionand(banking crisis); and Bank of Kentucky.Jouett Shouse,Henry Parker Willis,Henry B. Steagall,Eugene Meyer,Charles S. Hamlin,Milton S. Florsheim,Samuel M. Kaplan,and Elben C. Folkes","Box 17: Responses to the Depression and banking crisis; President Hoover Plan; Federal Land Banks; Wall Street bankers; bank failures; Bank of Kentucky; Federal Reserve Act authorship; Federal Farm Loan Act; Federal Home Loan; and Hoover moratorium. Bernard M. Baruch,Jouett Shouse,Richard C. Whitney,Charles S. Hamlin,Henry A. Moehlenpah,Millard E. Tydings,Henry Parker Willis,Andrew W. Mellon,Edmund Platt,Eugene Meyer,Russell C. Leffingwell,and Thomas B. McAdams","Box 18:Depression and banking crisis; Bank of Kentucky; Senate Committee on Banking and Currency Hearings; Reconstruction Finance Corporation; Nye Report; Pan American Finance Conference; Gold; Silver; and death of E. C. Glass. Elben C. Folkes,Al Kaplan,Herbert Hoover,Jouett Shouse,Charles S. Hamlin,George L. Harrison, Thorwald Siegfried, Eugene Meyer,and Pat H. Drewery","Box 19:Federal Home Loan Bank; Federal Land Bank of Baltimore; foreclosures; Glass-Steagall; and Henry Parker Willis articles in France on gold upsetting to colleagues.Franklin Delano Roosevelt,John W. Pole,Henry B. Steagall,Oliver J. Sands,Russell C. Leffingwell,Charles W. Collins,Charles S. Hamlin,and George L. Harrison","Box 20-24: Glass Steagall responses; and Glass speech on gold","Box 25: Glass-Steagall Act; Goldsborough Bill; gold standard; Reconstruction Finance Corporation; Joint Stock Land Banks;Revenue Act of 1932; responses to Carter Glass speech;praise for Carter Glass; bank failures; Banking study; Holiday proclamation by President Roosevelt; Funding for projects such as the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, and a bridge across the Potomac River; Herbert Hoover;Newton D. Baker;Russell C. Leffingwell;George L. Harrison; Eugene Meyer; Samuel Untermyer; Chester Morrill; George W. Norris; Richard S. Whaley;Princess Amelie Rives Troubetzkoy;James F. Byrnes;Louis Wiley; Robert J. Bulkley;John W. Owens;HenryParker Willis; and the Dallas Chamber of Commerce","Box 26: Responses to banking crisis and Depressionand criticism of Herbert Hoover","Box 27: Responses to Depression; McNary-Haugen Bill; Home Loan Bill; Emergency Farm Mortgage Act of 1933; Thomas Bill; Federal Reserve Amendment Section 10b; Glass-Steagall Banking Act; and Credit Report U.S. S. R. (George N. Peek).George L. Harrison,Chester Morrill,Russell C. Leffingwell,Louis T. McFadden,Emmanuel Kaplan,Hugh S. Johnson,and the National Recovery Act","Box 28: Glass-Steagall Act responses; Emergency Bank Bill; California banks; and Goldsborough Amendment. Edmund Platt and Frank A. Vanderlip","Box 29: Glass-Steagall Act responses, and Section 19 Statewide branch banking for national banks; Huey Long filibuster; bank guarantees; Charles E. Mitchell investigation; and continued moratorium on closing banks. Duncan U. Fletcher; Ferdinand Pecora; and Virginia Governor John Garland Pollard","Box 30: Gold, Reconstruction Finance Corporation, Senate Banking and Currency Committee investigation of J. P. Morgan; Glass-Steagall Banking Act; National Recovery Act; Emergency Banking Act relief; Morris Plan; and criticism of Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Duncan U. Fletcher; and William Gibbs McAdoo","Box 31: Senate investigation of J. P. Morgan;Gold standard; Expand use of silver; stability of the dollar; praise for Carter Glass radio speech \"Facts about Fiscal Policy of Our Government During the Past Few Years\" and \"Shall We Go Over the Precipice?\" Duncan U. Fletcher; Edmund Platt; and Herbert L. Myrick","Box 32: Rsponses to Glass speech [\"Shall We Go Over the Precipice?\"] against Roosevelt inflation bill; Emergency Bank Bill; Bankruptcy legislation; Banking Act of 1935; Credit Union Act; Marriner S. Eccles as Governor of the Federal Reserve Board; Branchbanking; Bank of the United States; death of Eugerne R. Black; and Philippine currency. Charles S. Hamlin; Edmund Platt; George W. Norris; George L. Harrison; Herny Parker Willis; Paul M. Warburg; Henry B. Steagall; Clifton A. Woodrum; Edward W. Kemmerer;Rudolph Spreckels; Sam M. Kaplan; John Foster Dulles; Milton Friedman; T. F. Wentworth; Dean Acheson; Chester Morrill; Walter Wyatt; Eugene R. Black; James P. Warburg; and James Elliott Heath","Box 33: (Fletcher-Rayburn Bill, Kean Bill; National Securities Exchange Act, McLeod Bill, or the Banking Act of 1935); Federal Reserve Amendment Section 12b; Morris-Sheppard Bill; Chester Morrill; Thomas B. McAdams; William Gibbs McAdoo; Elmer Thomas; Henry Morgenthau, Jr.; Eugene Meyer; Duncan U. Fletcher; Jesse H. Jones; and Richard C. Whitney","Box 34: Banking Act of 1933; National Securities Exchange Act; Kean Bill; Fletcher-Rayburn Bill; misuse of the Federal Reserve System; de-evaluation of the dollar; and Gold Reserve Act","Box 35: Banking Act of 1935; Gold Reserve Act; Gold speech of Russell C. Leffingwell; National Recovery Act; Hugh S. Johnson; Kaplan Plan; Robert L. Owen inquiry; Huey Long; Goldsborough Amendment;Elmer Thomas; Charles S. Hamlin; George Wharton Pepper; Henry H. Heiman; Henry Parker Willis; George W. Norris; Duncan U. Fletcher; J. F. T. O'Connor; Robert D. Kent; Royal S. Copeland; Edward W. Kemmerer; and A. Willis Robertson","Box 36: Responses to the Banking Act of 1935; Harry Flood Byrd; Duncan U. Fletcher; A. Willis Robertson; Leo T. Crowley; Jesse H. Jones; Edmund Platt; Henry Morgenthau, Jr.; J. F. T. O'Connor; Thomas B. McAdams; and Thomas P. Gore","Box 37: Responses to the Banking Act of 1935; Glass concerns about Marriner S. Eccles as Governor of the Federal Reserve Board and criticism of government and political control of banking; Federal Reserve Act authorship; Goldsborough Amendment; Townsend Plan; A. H. Dobson; Frank A. Vanderlip; Irving Fisher; Walter Lichtenstein; Arthur Capper; Duncan U. Fletcher; Bennett Champ Clark; Thomas P. Gore; Henry Heiman; Thomas B. McAdams; Hollins N. Randolph; Hugo L. Black; and Thorwald Siegfried","Box 38: Banking Act of 1935; Gold clause; Comptroller of the Currency; silver; Robert L. Owen inquiry; Reconstruction Finance Corporation; repeal of Thomas Amendment; concern about Marriner S. Eccles as Governor of the Federal Reserve Board; portrait of John Skelton Williams; Edmund Platt; Agnes and Eugene Meyer; Chester Morrill; Robert F. Wagner; Kenneth D. McKellar; George L. Harrison; Harry S. Truman; George W. Norris; Henry Parker Willis; Henry Morgenthau, Jr.; Marriner S. Eccles and Russell C. Leffingwell(Treasury and Nye Report)","Box 39: Repeal Thomas Amendment; Branch banking; Bankhead-Jones Farm Act; Federal Land Bank of Baltimore Bank Holding companies; and Reconstruction Finance Corporation.William Gibbs McAdoo,Edmund Platt,Thomas B. McAdams,Henry Heiman,Jesse H. Jones,Henry Morgenthau, Jr.,Robert L. Owen,and the death of Henry Parker Willis","Box 40: Henry Parker Willis Foundation; Federal Reserve Act anniversary; J. F. T. O'Connor resignation; misuse of the Federal Reserve System; Robert L. Owen and Carter Glass accusations against Marriner S. Eccles; Reconstruction Finance Corporation; Clayton Act; Mead Bill; De-evaluation of the dollar;silver program; Gold Act; Home Owners Loan Corporation Act; Self-liquidating Bill; and Barden Bill.Edmund Platt,Jesse H. Jones, William Gibbs McAdoo,Henry Morgenthau, Jr.,Robert F. Wagner,and Marriner S. Eccles","Box 41: Tribute to Edmund Platt; Embargo Act; Banking and Currency Committee pending legislation; Branch banking; Silver Purchase Act; de-evaluation of the dollar; Trust Indenture Act (Robert F.Wagner); Bank Holding company; Jones Wheeler Bill; Federal Home Loan Bank Act; Clayton Act; Townsend Plan; FDIC; Pittman Amendment; Farm Relief Bill; Reconstruction Finance Corporation; Wagner Lea Bill; and disappointment with Marriner S. Eccles;Harry Flood Byrd,Jesse H. Jones,Henry Heiman,Frederic Delano,and Leo T. Crowley","Box 42: Tribute to Carter Glass; Banking and Currency Committee pending legislation; FDIC and excess profits tax; Federal Reserve Amendment Section 23; medal for Howard Hughes; American Palestine Committee (Robert F. Wagner); Farm credit; Credit Union Act; price control; Bank Holding Company; Reconstruction Finance Corporation; de-evaluation of the dollar Federal Reserve Act authorship; and criticism of Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Cordell Hull; Walter Lichtenstein; Chester Morrill; Robert F. Wagner; and Leo T. Crowley","H. S. Trout, president First National Bank, hoping that the bill will be defeated","Glass expressses concern that Untermeyer is trying to push the Aldrich Bill. Other correspondents include William A. Glasgow, A. P. Pujo, Hubert D. Stephens, and Henry Parker Willis","Glasgow to act as counsel to the Banking and Currency Committee of the Senate","Set up a meeting with the President to revise the currency system; Henry Parker Willis; and reference to Aldrich Bill","J. C. Goodloe suggests the need for new banking laws in order to help the farmers","Offering methods to create calmness in banking instead of panic","Banking and Currency Committee of the Senate Banking survey questions about banking","Criticism of S. 4129 and H.R. 13570 to place tax on real estate instead of stocks and bonds to help relieve bankrupt Treasury","Colonel House wants to set up a secret meeting for Samuel Untermeyer with President Wilson in order to promote the Aldrich Bill","Glass apologizes for his reaction to a speech given by Forgan","Charles McCulloch, Andrew J. Montague, and William GibbsMcAdoo","Includes correspondence about the banking bills from January to April 1916. (Carter Glass correspondence with Clement C. Dickinson January 22, 1916 defending the Federal Reserve.)","Bankruptcy laws, World War I","Mentions medal for Howard Hughes","includes correspondence Carter Glass","See also 1933","Woodrow Wilson typed speech to the House of Representatives","Historic moment when Glass takes the first transatlantic flight to Europe with the loan from Treasurer Russell C. Leffingwell","Agriculture Appropriation Bill; Smith-lever funds; and African Americans in Virginia","See also Trade Farmers' and Growers Association Box 52 Folder 1","printed item \"The Aluminum Monopoly\"","Virginia Polytechnic Institute request for captured German cannon","mention of J. G. Ferneyhough and cows also","Edwin Anderson Alderman, Governor E.Lee Trinkle, Jr.","Glass S. 4029 to determine location for engagement of war vessels and memorial; interview with last survivor of the Merrimac, Richard Curtis; and John Stewart Bryan","Sibley lawsuit claim H. B. 3436","Elben C. Folkes requests help for his son; lawsuit J. G. Ferneyhough; Senator Couzens; and Florence Adams nomination for AppleBlossom Princess","Edwin Anderson Alderman letter advocating for a hospital in Charlottesville","Memorial Bridge approach bill; H. R. 796; furlough and shorter work week; claims; capital punishment for kidnappers H. R. 96; transportation of persons or property in commerce by motor carrier S. 2793; opposition to income tax;Montgomery county Civic Federation special meeting; Tariff Act of 1930 to import science books for teaching purposes; stamp tax on bank checks (banking); Public Works Program; equal protection of voters in Puerto Rico S. 4691; unemployment relief bills; Railroad pension bill H. R. 10023 and S. 3892, H. R. 9891; Hatfield Bill; Keller Bill 4646; S. 4161; Boulder Dam; Home Loan Bank S. 2959; Emergency Industries Preservation Act; Stuart Junior High School; Albemarle County Medical Society S. 3090 and H. R. 8077; prohibit experiments on living dogs in District of Columbia S. 2146; night work pay H. R. 11267; District of Columbia appropriation bill H. R. 11361; Brookhart Bill censorship of moving pictures; vocational rehabilitation S. 3818; opposition to abolishment of Army Transports and Panama Railroad Steamship Line; Federal relief for unemployed; Capper-Kelly bill to relief excise taxes on druggist; patenting of original designs of silk patterns; Georgetown Branch Library Building and District of Columbia appropriation bill; radio lottery advertising H. R. 7716; Injunction measure S. 936; strengthen immigration laws H. B. 1967; crime to advocate overthrow of government H. B. 8549; issue two or three billions in bonds of small denominations for soldiers bonus or as currency;intrinsic property values vs market values in depression times; and President Hoover's Bankers-Industrialists Committee of Twelve for Credit Expansion","Ernie Adamson","immigration; Tangiers Island; and Colgate W. Darden, Jr.","Harry Flood Byrd","Frances Perkins","Robert F. Wagner","Kenneth McKellar; and Astor case","See also Political correspondence","See also Political correspondence","See also Legislative correspondence 1921","Colgate Darden Jr.","Schuyler O. Bland","\"Pump Priming Bill\" Harry Flood Byrd; Public Works Administration; Equal Rights Bill; and Industrial Profits Tax"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions in this collection except for veterans claims.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions in this collection except for veterans claims."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":4648,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:28:59.529Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_206"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_9121","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Carter Lowance Papers, 1860/1993, bulk 1942/1988","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9121#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Lowance, Carter, 1910-","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_9121#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe personal and professional papers of Carter Lowance, executive assistant to six governors of Virginia: William M. Tuck, John S. Battle, Thomas B. Stanley, J. Lindsay Almond, Albertis S. Harrison and Mills Edwin Godwin. Papers also concern Harry F. Byrd, Sr. and Harry F. Byrd, Jr., and John N. Dalton. There are speeches, papers relating to Lowance's military career (including correspondence with his wife, Elizabeth Austin Lowance), awards received by Lowance, photographs, and papers concerning his funeral. There is also correspondence received by Mrs. Lowance after his death. 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(Charles Clement), 1933-1984"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:59:54.976Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_824"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_7835","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Charles Avery Letters, 1944/1945","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_7835#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Avery, Charles Franklin","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_7835#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains letters from Private First Class Charles Avery to his sister Ruth Dunlap in Pocono Pines, Pennsylvania during and immediately after World War II. Charles writes about the training and attending school at the University of Connecticut while in the Army, health problems in his family, the leisure activities available to him, a little about his combat experience, and the death of his mother. During the war he trains in Virginia (Camp Pickett), North Carolina, and Louisiana, before going overseas and fighting on the front lines in Germany as a member of the 78th \"Lightning\" Division Infantry.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_7835#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_7835","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_7835","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_7835","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_7835","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_7835.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Avery, Charles, Letters","title_ssm":["Charles Avery Letters"],"title_tesim":["Charles Avery Letters"],"unitdate_ssm":["1944-1945"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1944-1945"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1944/1945"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charles Avery Letters, 1944/1945"],"text":["Charles Avery Letters, 1944/1945","MS 00116","/repositories/2/resources/7835","World War, 1939-1945","World War, 1939-1945--Germany","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","This collection contains letters from Private First Class Charles Avery to his sister Ruth Dunlap in Pocono Pines, Pennsylvania during and immediately after World War II.  Charles writes about the training and attending school at the University of Connecticut while in the Army, health problems in his family, the leisure activities available to him, a little about his combat experience, and the death of his mother.   During the war he trains in Virginia (Camp Pickett), North Carolina, and Louisiana, before going overseas and fighting on the front lines in Germany as a member of the 78th \"Lightning\" Division Infantry.","Five letters, one each from May, June, and September, and two from August.  Correspondence from Charles Avery to Ruth and Willis Dunlap while stationed at Camp Butner, North Carolina following a furlough.  Charles is attending several classes for college credit.  Includes talk of what to do with his belongings in their house, and time spent in the infirmary.","Five letters, one from September and October and three from November.  The letters involve national testing in Charles's classes, meeting his girlfriend Ang in New York, and planning for Christmas.","Five letters, one from February, three from April, and one from May.  After passing his tests, Charles is transferred to the 78th Infantry Division, called the Lightning  Division.  Discussion begins of whether he will be shipped overseas soon.","Five letters, two from June and three from July.  Charles talks about whether the 78th will be going overseas soon, Charles being advanced to the rank of Private First Class, and how training is going.","Six letters, four from August, one from September, and one circa September.  Letters involving training, a flare-up of tonsillitis, and spending time with Ang in Philadelphia where she has taken a job as a teacher.","Five letters, two from September and one from October before shipping overseas, one from November in England and one from December in Germany.  When in Germany, Charles is seeing active combat on the front lines.","One letter from a rest camp in the Netherlands in December and four from the front in Germany, December 1944 to January 1945.  Includes letters about paying his dentist bill, meeting people from back home who are in the army now, and setting up a joint bank account with Ang.","One letter from occupied Germany after the war is over in Europe, and three from Biarritz, France, where Charles is attending more classes.  Also a newspaper mailed from within Germany in May 1945 with an article about Charles's regiment, the 311th.","Five letters, three from September (one missing a page) and two from October.  Charles writes from Biarritz, France, about his classes and leisure activities.  The Dunlaps have informed Charles that his mother is dying. Charles tries to get an emergency furlough to see her.","Two letters from October and one from November, from outside Kasell, Germany, where Charles has learned that his and Ruth's mother died before he could get a furlough.  In the final letter, he has received the furlough and plans to come home after spending time alone in France.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","United States. Army. Division, 78th","Avery, Charles Franklin","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Charles Avery Letters, 1944/1945"],"collection_ssim":["Charles Avery Letters, 1944/1945"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS 00116","/repositories/2/resources/7835"],"unitid_tesim":["MS 00116","/repositories/2/resources/7835"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"creator_ssm":["Avery, Charles Franklin"],"creator_ssim":["Avery, Charles Franklin"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Avery, Charles Franklin"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","United States. Army. Division, 78th"],"creators_ssim":["Avery, Charles Franklin","Special Collections Research Center","United States. Army. Division, 78th"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"access_subjects_ssim":["World War, 1939-1945","World War, 1939-1945--Germany"],"access_subjects_ssm":["World War, 1939-1945","World War, 1939-1945--Germany"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.25 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["0.25 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1944,1945],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCharles Avery Letters, 1943-1945, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Charles Avery Letters, 1943-1945, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, William and Mary."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains letters from Private First Class Charles Avery to his sister Ruth Dunlap in Pocono Pines, Pennsylvania during and immediately after World War II.  Charles writes about the training and attending school at the University of Connecticut while in the Army, health problems in his family, the leisure activities available to him, a little about his combat experience, and the death of his mother.   During the war he trains in Virginia (Camp Pickett), North Carolina, and Louisiana, before going overseas and fighting on the front lines in Germany as a member of the 78th \"Lightning\" Division Infantry.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eFive letters, one each from May, June, and September, and two from August.  Correspondence from Charles Avery to Ruth and Willis Dunlap while stationed at Camp Butner, North Carolina following a furlough.  Charles is attending several classes for college credit.  Includes talk of what to do with his belongings in their house, and time spent in the infirmary.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFive letters, one from September and October and three from November.  The letters involve national testing in Charles's classes, meeting his girlfriend Ang in New York, and planning for Christmas.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFive letters, one from February, three from April, and one from May.  After passing his tests, Charles is transferred to the 78th Infantry Division, called the Lightning  Division.  Discussion begins of whether he will be shipped overseas soon.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFive letters, two from June and three from July.  Charles talks about whether the 78th will be going overseas soon, Charles being advanced to the rank of Private First Class, and how training is going.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSix letters, four from August, one from September, and one circa September.  Letters involving training, a flare-up of tonsillitis, and spending time with Ang in Philadelphia where she has taken a job as a teacher.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFive letters, two from September and one from October before shipping overseas, one from November in England and one from December in Germany.  When in Germany, Charles is seeing active combat on the front lines.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOne letter from a rest camp in the Netherlands in December and four from the front in Germany, December 1944 to January 1945.  Includes letters about paying his dentist bill, meeting people from back home who are in the army now, and setting up a joint bank account with Ang.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOne letter from occupied Germany after the war is over in Europe, and three from Biarritz, France, where Charles is attending more classes.  Also a newspaper mailed from within Germany in May 1945 with an article about Charles's regiment, the 311th.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFive letters, three from September (one missing a page) and two from October.  Charles writes from Biarritz, France, about his classes and leisure activities.  The Dunlaps have informed Charles that his mother is dying. Charles tries to get an emergency furlough to see her.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo letters from October and one from November, from outside Kasell, Germany, where Charles has learned that his and Ruth's mother died before he could get a furlough.  In the final letter, he has received the furlough and plans to come home after spending time alone in France.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains letters from Private First Class Charles Avery to his sister Ruth Dunlap in Pocono Pines, Pennsylvania during and immediately after World War II.  Charles writes about the training and attending school at the University of Connecticut while in the Army, health problems in his family, the leisure activities available to him, a little about his combat experience, and the death of his mother.   During the war he trains in Virginia (Camp Pickett), North Carolina, and Louisiana, before going overseas and fighting on the front lines in Germany as a member of the 78th \"Lightning\" Division Infantry.","Five letters, one each from May, June, and September, and two from August.  Correspondence from Charles Avery to Ruth and Willis Dunlap while stationed at Camp Butner, North Carolina following a furlough.  Charles is attending several classes for college credit.  Includes talk of what to do with his belongings in their house, and time spent in the infirmary.","Five letters, one from September and October and three from November.  The letters involve national testing in Charles's classes, meeting his girlfriend Ang in New York, and planning for Christmas.","Five letters, one from February, three from April, and one from May.  After passing his tests, Charles is transferred to the 78th Infantry Division, called the Lightning  Division.  Discussion begins of whether he will be shipped overseas soon.","Five letters, two from June and three from July.  Charles talks about whether the 78th will be going overseas soon, Charles being advanced to the rank of Private First Class, and how training is going.","Six letters, four from August, one from September, and one circa September.  Letters involving training, a flare-up of tonsillitis, and spending time with Ang in Philadelphia where she has taken a job as a teacher.","Five letters, two from September and one from October before shipping overseas, one from November in England and one from December in Germany.  When in Germany, Charles is seeing active combat on the front lines.","One letter from a rest camp in the Netherlands in December and four from the front in Germany, December 1944 to January 1945.  Includes letters about paying his dentist bill, meeting people from back home who are in the army now, and setting up a joint bank account with Ang.","One letter from occupied Germany after the war is over in Europe, and three from Biarritz, France, where Charles is attending more classes.  Also a newspaper mailed from within Germany in May 1945 with an article about Charles's regiment, the 311th.","Five letters, three from September (one missing a page) and two from October.  Charles writes from Biarritz, France, about his classes and leisure activities.  The Dunlaps have informed Charles that his mother is dying. Charles tries to get an emergency furlough to see her.","Two letters from October and one from November, from outside Kasell, Germany, where Charles has learned that his and Ruth's mother died before he could get a furlough.  In the final letter, he has received the furlough and plans to come home after spending time alone in France."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","United States. Army. Division, 78th"],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Army. Division, 78th"],"persname_ssim":["Avery, Charles Franklin"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","United States. Army. Division, 78th","Avery, Charles Franklin"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":10,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:45:26.564Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_7835","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_7835","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_7835","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_7835","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_7835.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Avery, Charles, Letters","title_ssm":["Charles Avery Letters"],"title_tesim":["Charles Avery Letters"],"unitdate_ssm":["1944-1945"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1944-1945"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1944/1945"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charles Avery Letters, 1944/1945"],"text":["Charles Avery Letters, 1944/1945","MS 00116","/repositories/2/resources/7835","World War, 1939-1945","World War, 1939-1945--Germany","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","This collection contains letters from Private First Class Charles Avery to his sister Ruth Dunlap in Pocono Pines, Pennsylvania during and immediately after World War II.  Charles writes about the training and attending school at the University of Connecticut while in the Army, health problems in his family, the leisure activities available to him, a little about his combat experience, and the death of his mother.   During the war he trains in Virginia (Camp Pickett), North Carolina, and Louisiana, before going overseas and fighting on the front lines in Germany as a member of the 78th \"Lightning\" Division Infantry.","Five letters, one each from May, June, and September, and two from August.  Correspondence from Charles Avery to Ruth and Willis Dunlap while stationed at Camp Butner, North Carolina following a furlough.  Charles is attending several classes for college credit.  Includes talk of what to do with his belongings in their house, and time spent in the infirmary.","Five letters, one from September and October and three from November.  The letters involve national testing in Charles's classes, meeting his girlfriend Ang in New York, and planning for Christmas.","Five letters, one from February, three from April, and one from May.  After passing his tests, Charles is transferred to the 78th Infantry Division, called the Lightning  Division.  Discussion begins of whether he will be shipped overseas soon.","Five letters, two from June and three from July.  Charles talks about whether the 78th will be going overseas soon, Charles being advanced to the rank of Private First Class, and how training is going.","Six letters, four from August, one from September, and one circa September.  Letters involving training, a flare-up of tonsillitis, and spending time with Ang in Philadelphia where she has taken a job as a teacher.","Five letters, two from September and one from October before shipping overseas, one from November in England and one from December in Germany.  When in Germany, Charles is seeing active combat on the front lines.","One letter from a rest camp in the Netherlands in December and four from the front in Germany, December 1944 to January 1945.  Includes letters about paying his dentist bill, meeting people from back home who are in the army now, and setting up a joint bank account with Ang.","One letter from occupied Germany after the war is over in Europe, and three from Biarritz, France, where Charles is attending more classes.  Also a newspaper mailed from within Germany in May 1945 with an article about Charles's regiment, the 311th.","Five letters, three from September (one missing a page) and two from October.  Charles writes from Biarritz, France, about his classes and leisure activities.  The Dunlaps have informed Charles that his mother is dying. Charles tries to get an emergency furlough to see her.","Two letters from October and one from November, from outside Kasell, Germany, where Charles has learned that his and Ruth's mother died before he could get a furlough.  In the final letter, he has received the furlough and plans to come home after spending time alone in France.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","United States. Army. Division, 78th","Avery, Charles Franklin","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Charles Avery Letters, 1944/1945"],"collection_ssim":["Charles Avery Letters, 1944/1945"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS 00116","/repositories/2/resources/7835"],"unitid_tesim":["MS 00116","/repositories/2/resources/7835"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"creator_ssm":["Avery, Charles Franklin"],"creator_ssim":["Avery, Charles Franklin"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Avery, Charles Franklin"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","United States. Army. Division, 78th"],"creators_ssim":["Avery, Charles Franklin","Special Collections Research Center","United States. Army. 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Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCharles Avery Letters, 1943-1945, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Charles Avery Letters, 1943-1945, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, William and Mary."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains letters from Private First Class Charles Avery to his sister Ruth Dunlap in Pocono Pines, Pennsylvania during and immediately after World War II.  Charles writes about the training and attending school at the University of Connecticut while in the Army, health problems in his family, the leisure activities available to him, a little about his combat experience, and the death of his mother.   During the war he trains in Virginia (Camp Pickett), North Carolina, and Louisiana, before going overseas and fighting on the front lines in Germany as a member of the 78th \"Lightning\" Division Infantry.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eFive letters, one each from May, June, and September, and two from August.  Correspondence from Charles Avery to Ruth and Willis Dunlap while stationed at Camp Butner, North Carolina following a furlough.  Charles is attending several classes for college credit.  Includes talk of what to do with his belongings in their house, and time spent in the infirmary.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFive letters, one from September and October and three from November.  The letters involve national testing in Charles's classes, meeting his girlfriend Ang in New York, and planning for Christmas.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFive letters, one from February, three from April, and one from May.  After passing his tests, Charles is transferred to the 78th Infantry Division, called the Lightning  Division.  Discussion begins of whether he will be shipped overseas soon.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFive letters, two from June and three from July.  Charles talks about whether the 78th will be going overseas soon, Charles being advanced to the rank of Private First Class, and how training is going.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSix letters, four from August, one from September, and one circa September.  Letters involving training, a flare-up of tonsillitis, and spending time with Ang in Philadelphia where she has taken a job as a teacher.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFive letters, two from September and one from October before shipping overseas, one from November in England and one from December in Germany.  When in Germany, Charles is seeing active combat on the front lines.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOne letter from a rest camp in the Netherlands in December and four from the front in Germany, December 1944 to January 1945.  Includes letters about paying his dentist bill, meeting people from back home who are in the army now, and setting up a joint bank account with Ang.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOne letter from occupied Germany after the war is over in Europe, and three from Biarritz, France, where Charles is attending more classes.  Also a newspaper mailed from within Germany in May 1945 with an article about Charles's regiment, the 311th.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFive letters, three from September (one missing a page) and two from October.  Charles writes from Biarritz, France, about his classes and leisure activities.  The Dunlaps have informed Charles that his mother is dying. Charles tries to get an emergency furlough to see her.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo letters from October and one from November, from outside Kasell, Germany, where Charles has learned that his and Ruth's mother died before he could get a furlough.  In the final letter, he has received the furlough and plans to come home after spending time alone in France.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains letters from Private First Class Charles Avery to his sister Ruth Dunlap in Pocono Pines, Pennsylvania during and immediately after World War II.  Charles writes about the training and attending school at the University of Connecticut while in the Army, health problems in his family, the leisure activities available to him, a little about his combat experience, and the death of his mother.   During the war he trains in Virginia (Camp Pickett), North Carolina, and Louisiana, before going overseas and fighting on the front lines in Germany as a member of the 78th \"Lightning\" Division Infantry.","Five letters, one each from May, June, and September, and two from August.  Correspondence from Charles Avery to Ruth and Willis Dunlap while stationed at Camp Butner, North Carolina following a furlough.  Charles is attending several classes for college credit.  Includes talk of what to do with his belongings in their house, and time spent in the infirmary.","Five letters, one from September and October and three from November.  The letters involve national testing in Charles's classes, meeting his girlfriend Ang in New York, and planning for Christmas.","Five letters, one from February, three from April, and one from May.  After passing his tests, Charles is transferred to the 78th Infantry Division, called the Lightning  Division.  Discussion begins of whether he will be shipped overseas soon.","Five letters, two from June and three from July.  Charles talks about whether the 78th will be going overseas soon, Charles being advanced to the rank of Private First Class, and how training is going.","Six letters, four from August, one from September, and one circa September.  Letters involving training, a flare-up of tonsillitis, and spending time with Ang in Philadelphia where she has taken a job as a teacher.","Five letters, two from September and one from October before shipping overseas, one from November in England and one from December in Germany.  When in Germany, Charles is seeing active combat on the front lines.","One letter from a rest camp in the Netherlands in December and four from the front in Germany, December 1944 to January 1945.  Includes letters about paying his dentist bill, meeting people from back home who are in the army now, and setting up a joint bank account with Ang.","One letter from occupied Germany after the war is over in Europe, and three from Biarritz, France, where Charles is attending more classes.  Also a newspaper mailed from within Germany in May 1945 with an article about Charles's regiment, the 311th.","Five letters, three from September (one missing a page) and two from October.  Charles writes from Biarritz, France, about his classes and leisure activities.  The Dunlaps have informed Charles that his mother is dying. Charles tries to get an emergency furlough to see her.","Two letters from October and one from November, from outside Kasell, Germany, where Charles has learned that his and Ruth's mother died before he could get a furlough.  In the final letter, he has received the furlough and plans to come home after spending time alone in France."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","United States. Army. Division, 78th"],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Army. Division, 78th"],"persname_ssim":["Avery, Charles Franklin"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","United States. Army. Division, 78th","Avery, Charles Franklin"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":10,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:45:26.564Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_7835"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_7733","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Charles Burleigh Papers, 1939/1945","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_7733#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Burleigh, Charles","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_7733#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eTwenty-six letters written by four U. S. servicemen during World War II, plus fifty-two photographs and four artifacts. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_7733#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_7733","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_7733","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_7733","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_7733","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_7733.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Charles Burleigh Papers","title_ssm":["Charles Burleigh Papers"],"title_tesim":["Charles Burleigh Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1939-1945"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1939-1945"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1939/1945"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charles Burleigh Papers, 1939/1945"],"text":["Charles Burleigh Papers, 1939/1945","MS 00224","/repositories/2/resources/7733","World War, 1939-1945","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Twenty-three of the letters (1939-1944) were written by Charles A. Burleigh to his schoolgirl cousin Betty Jean Burleigh, who was living with her family in Hampden, Massachusetts.  Burleigh's first letter (1939) was from college in Durham, New Hampshire; three (1941) were from Oklahoma and Colorado during his training to be an aircraft armaments officer in the Army Air Forces; and the remainder (1943-1944) were from air bases in North Africa and Italy.  Burleigh was commissioned as a First Lieutenant and assigned to the 353rd Bombardment Squadron of the 301st Bombardment Group.  He was promoted to Captain in 1943.  The 353rd was a B-17 Flying Fortress squadron.  Burleigh was a ground-based officer who serviced the bombs, guns, and other armaments that the bombers carried.","Twenty-six letters written by four U. S. servicemen during World War II, plus fifty-two photographs and four artifacts.","Charles Burleigh's letters are short and chatty.  He wrote about his work in general, with frequent references to being tired, but he never mentioned the B-17s or their missions.  He commented on living conditions, the dearth of comforts, camels, Arabs, and the relatively better situation in Italy.  He wrote about activities during breaks, including day trips into Tunis and sightseeing in Italy.  He spent three weeks in a hospital with yellow jaundice.  He was engaged to be married when he returned to the U. S., which, as of his last letter in December 1944, he expected to be in February 1945.  In response to letters and photos he received from Betty Jean, Burleigh sometimes mentioned her interests in horses, flying, and boys.  A torn fragment of an unfinished letter was in the envelope with Charles Burleigh's letter postmarked 1941 November 14; it possibly was the start of a reply from Betty Jean.","Three letters in this collection were written by three other servicemen.  Two brothers, L. E. \"Lew\" Loyd and Cpl. Jimmy W. Loyd, wrote to their parents in Springfield, Massachusetts.  Lew Loyd wrote from the USS Arkansas (1943 May 8); his letter is in the form of a poem about the restraints imposed by wartime censorship.  Jimmy Loyd was a petroleum distribution officer based in South Asia (789th Engineer Petroleum Distribution Company); he wrote (1944 September 4) about managing a warehouse and his pending divorce.  Pete Podner[?] served on the USS Ricketts, a convoy escort vessel; in his letter to Betty Jean Burleigh (1945 February 28), he mentioned having visited her in Massachusetts just before Christmas.","Charlie B[urleigh] to Betty, on roommate's stationery (Franklin Mullon [Moon], S.A.E. House, Durham, NH)    [Univ of New Hampshire?]","\"Went sailing w/Moon \u0026 another boy; boat tipped over; rescued; was very cold; should have worn rubbers; bet Aunt Dot makes you wear yours when wet out.  How are your kittens?  How is Barbara \u0026 \"Mush-face\"?  How did operetta come out? Well, \"Little one\", I must get to work or will never become a forester \u0026 ride a big white horse.  Thank your Mom \u0026 Dad for taking good care of me.  Love, Charlie B.\"","Charlie B, to Miss Betty Jean B, Hampden, Mass.  Return: C.A.B. Jr., SACTD, Box 2649, Barracks #10, Tulsa, Okla.","\"Have seen cowboys, not as goodlooking as in movies; wear tall hats \u0026high boots, but otherwise kind of dirty; their horses are smaller than riding horses in east, but kept in better condition, healthier, happier.  Not doing any more flying; to be transferred to Airplane Armament; may get leave for couple wks, or may go directly to Lowry Field, Denver.  You asked who was my girl; have one in Main, last June; she may be waiting for me to come east, but can't be sure; in the Army, especially the air corps, you can't worry about girls, for too many things come first.  In the Armament branch I'll be in charge of all the bombs, machine guns \u0026 37mm guns on the plane; have to have 7 mos training; hope to enter Sept 15 class; if not will get couple wks leave to come home.\"","Charlie B to Betty Jean, Hampden.  Air Corps Technical School, Lowry Field, CO; A/C Charles A. Burleigh","\"Sorry haven't written; been very busy; Armament school gets more complicated, so more studying.  Take weekends off to go hunting \u0026 see the country.  Met a few cowboys; some are illiterate.  Got letter from Aunt Ester.  Sent   the Breck boys a picture of me like the one you have.  Things looking good now, so might be commissioned Jan or Feb; just finished wk of machine gunning \u0026 now working w/airplane bombing.  Beautiful weather last couple wks, and beautiful view of mts.  Get up 3am \u0026 go to school to 12:30pm; grunts \u0026 groans of 150 men trying to pull selves out of bed.  Give my regards to your sister \u0026 your Mom \u0026 Dad.  Love, Charlie B.\"","Enclosed[?]:  A torn page of the beginning of a letter to \"Junior\", dated 1941-11-17, from Chapin Road, Hampden, MA:  Wish you could be here for Thanksgiving.  [Stops halfway down page in mid-sentence.]","Denver, to Betty Jean B, Hampden, on Lowry Field stationery","\"Rec'd your letter; am interested in Westover[?] field \u0026 the bombing practice you have had.  Food here very good, but miss home cooking.  Just about finished w/class; all are pleased to be getting commissions early; can hardly wait to get into an officer's uniform.  Weekends off, go into Denver to big Cadet Club w/lots of activities.  The mts are beautiful at Sunrise.  Might see you this Christmas if I get up near Hampden.  Love, Charlie B.\"","To BJB, Chapin Rd, Hampden, from 1st Lt. Charles A. Burleigh 0-434810[?], 353 Bomb Sqd., A.P.O. 520 c/o Postmaster, NY","\"Been years since I last wrote, though I dropped you a card in England; it is this war, that keeps us moving day \u0026 night.  I hear things have happened to Burleigh family; Aunt Louise wrote that Molly is married.  Yes, there are camels in Africia [sic]; we have them here \u0026 lots of little burros.  The Arabs look like in books, only more ragged \u0026 dirty; head of the town is old dignified Arab w/beautiful white flowing robes; all the townsmen kiss his turban \u0026 then shake hands w/him.  Enclosing picture I took [not present]  Love, Charlie B.\"","L. E. Loyd, S 2/c, Div L, U.S.S. Arkansas, c/o Fleet P.O., NY, NY;  to Mr \u0026 Mrs Wm B Loyd, Sr, 41 Fairview St., Springfield, Mass. ; on Lewis E. Loyd, A.S., stationery w/monogram \u0026 US Navy, \u0026 printed address: Co. 556, U.S.N.T.S., Newport, R.I.  Passed by. . .Censor stamp on env.","\"Dear Folks, I'm censored, Can't write a thing, Just say that I'm well And sign my name. . .\nIn form of a poem, mentioning kinds of things can't do or write about.  Love, Lew.\"","Charles Jr. to Betty Jean, Chapin Rd, Hampden.  353 Bomb Sqd, 301st Bomb Gp, APO 520 NY; on Desert Hotel stationery, Spokane, Wash.  Passed by US Army Examiner stamp on env.","\"Nice to hear from you; letters much appreciated over here.  It's 8:15pm, just finished work; nice to sit down \u0026 write w/bottle of fairly good wine; we all work long hrs, but if you could see our result you'd understand why everyone is so eager to do a good job.  Ray is stationed in NJ; I'm glad he gets to see Mom every once in a while, for she gets quite lonesome.  Tell me more about this Navy man of yours.  Tell your Dad to be sure those engines are made right, for it's difference betw live or dead over here.  [Writes lyric of an English marching song: \"Bless 'em All\".]  Love, Charles Jr.\"","[Two paragraphs are circled w/red crayon, perhaps by censor.]","Charles Jr. to Betty Jean, Chapin Rd, Hampden.  353 Bomb Sqd, 301st Bomb Gp, APO 520 NY, not on DH stationery.","\"Afraid I can't jam a camel in my bag; they're huge \u0026 smell like a back house on a hot summer day; we have very cute 'Burros\", 3 feet from hoof to shoulder \u0026 covered w/thick fur; the Arabs put a ton of hay on them w/a rug on top \u0026 then climb up on them; looks like a moving haystack w/Mahatma Gandi sitting on top.  I smoke a pipe here, much to disgust of my tent mates; if you find one w/a large hole, I'd much appreciate; we get Am. tobacco here.  Can't write about most interesting parts of the war;  life here dull, monotonous, except for the work; sit around in evening \u0026 read or tell stories; after 10 mos of this, very tiresome.  Love, Charlie B.\"","Charles Jr. to Betty Jean, and BJB's address is Box 104, Hampden, MA. On Desert Hotel stationery.","\"Hurry along w/the picture for me; want to see what you look like now that you're grown up.  Thanks for the letter from my Dad to yours [not present]; interesting that 20, 40, \u0026 60 yrs ago people lived, played, \u0026 fought wars the same as now.  Have not heard of \"The Constant Nymph\" w/ Charles Boyer over here; personally I think Ch Boyer's brand of love is a bit windy \u0026 awfully sticky; I prefer the direct attack \u0026 the short answer system, just yes! or no!  Anyway I haven't rec'd any complaints on that sys and it works for me.  Who says you were gawky the last time I saw you; anyone not nearsighted would have seen you'll be darn cute if not beautiful, like your mother.  Time for me to get back to fighting the war, so I'll sign off; been overseas more than a year now: no fresh milk, doughnuts, Am beer, ice cream, or coca cola.  Give my best to all the folks.  Love, Charlie B.\"","Burleigh is Captain now; Betty Jean Burleigh's address is Glendale Rd, Hampden.","\"Got your long letter \u0026 the pic today; pic like that is what this Army needs to keep up morale; been 14 mos since I saw a pretty girl in shorts.  Writes of 3 small photos he encloses: Arab girl in robes and head cover, male Arab beggar, \u0026 CB in front of his Armament shop [a tent].  Here's a little dope on the philosophy of a Soldier; eat, drink, and play now for tomorrow you will have moved on; has no past and no hopes for the future; was never born \u0026 will never die; always happy for has a full stomach; if you want a good time, date a soldier, but don't take him seriously; have met many girls, but only two I've bothered to write to; wish I was going to that dance w/you; haven't danced since I left England.  Work here goes along, until I hate the sight of airplanes; wonder if I should have joined infantry; things are pretty smooth[?] w/the jump in rank; more paper signing, less physical work, so caught up on sleep and get into town once or twice a week.  Ever thought of going to college when you finish High School?  It's a great life, fun, 4 yrs of thrills.  Over here after lights out, you lie in bed and daydream of things you miss [a list], until you pass into a sweet sleep w/pleasant dreams.  Love, Charlie B.\"","Same addresses on a V-Mail, 3 ½ x 4[?]; looks like a photographic copy; envelope is postmarked New York, 1943-12-10 [sic], War \u0026 Navy Depts, V-Mail Service; Official business.","\"Wishing you a Merry Xmas \u0026 a Happy New Year; my early Christmas greeting to you \u0026 all the folks in Hampden; so busy here, not possible to write to all; you will have to give my wishes to others.  Love, Charlie B.\"","\"Was in Tunis other day for first time in several wks, w/Capt. Katz, wandering about town, in \u0026 out of Bars; found nothing we needed at Officers' PX; ice cream \u0026 sandwiches at the Red Cross; ate dinner and supper at the Tunisian Palace Hotel; home by truck at 8:30, for the town is closed a 9pm.","Go to bed early; get up at 4 or 5 every other morning, 6:30 other days \u0026 Sunday\nYou're hereby invited to Boston for a wedding when I get to the States; we'll have several evenings of parties, \u0026 fix you up with a date, making the best shows \u0026 dinner dances; sleep all day, play all night.  Best regards to all.  Love, Charlie B.\"","\"Another Merry Christmas wish to you.","Now I'm a very much engaged man even though I do not act it; supposed to be married (Boy I'm henpecked already) as soon as I hit the States; I hope you'll be present as one of the chief mourners; you can come up to Boston w/my Mom; will be some great times.\nWork here slowing up for the winter: fixing up our tent \u0026 getting ready for a big spring; still fight the war but has slacked off \u0026 we can get some sleep.\nAbout this country: a hell hole of filth \u0026 disease; once I get back in States, I'll stay there, probably in New England.","Wish you luck on your flying; lot of fun in a small place; these large ships are very monotonous, much like riding a train without the click of the rails; to be a good pilot, must know your engines.  Love, Charlie B.\"","\"Plans for a big time in Boston include you; will be very well chaperoned by myself, \u0026 escorted by a date, arranged by my girl.","You asked about my Army job: I'm Squadron Armament Officer; I take care of and repair all guns, bombs, ammo, gun turrets, bombsights, gun cameras, flares, flare pistols, and all small arms; also I'm Chemical Warfare \u0026 Base Defense Officer; have to check out all bombardiers \u0026 gunners, explain how to use equipment for best results ; supervise loading all bombs \u0026 ammo;","I do not fly in combat; my only flying is checking men \u0026 equipment in the air.\nWork itself is not hard, but changes, modifications, \u0026 little inventions we add for better performance make a lot of work \u0026 long hours.","Please send another picture of yourself.  Love, Charlie B.\"","Envelope is postmarked U.S.Postal Service No. 1, 1944-2-25 [sic], War \u0026 Navy Depts, V-Mail Service; Official business.","\"I've been 3 wks in the hospital w/yellow jaundice; doc says I'll be out of here in 3 or 4 days; I'm feeling fine.","A Sgt Thomas here is going on medical leave \u0026 may get to visit his folks in Westfield, Mass; I gave him Aunt Louise's \u0026 Aunt Ester's addresses so he can phone them and tell what goes on here \u0026 how I am; picked them 'cause they have phones, but told him to ask how he could call you.  Write your very best cousin ASAP.   Love, Charlie B.\"","\"Opened by U. S. Army Examiner\" tape detached from env.","\"So you want my girl's address: Miss Marcia Weatherill, 35 Temple Street, Arlington, Mass.  Drop Marci a line; I've told her to put you on the list as an extra special house guest for the wedding.","I'm out of the \"butcher shop', all well, back in action, raring to go.\nI can hardly keep up with you, for the rate you change boyfriends; good work: keep 'em on the run; I thought I had one on the run, but if it wasn't for 5000 miles of water I'd be a married man.","Sounds like you have an interesting course to follow at Tec High; when I get home I'll tell you how they fly \u0026 fight them over here.","Keeping busy here; it's now 19 mos of combat work for me; we work w/speed and at all hours; if not finished, work by flashlight at night.  Love, Charlies B.\"","\"Got your letter about your operation; it's good you had them out, for a flying person gets into some awful places; I'm still waiting for the letter you sent w/the pictures.\nBeen seeing the sights of Italy for two wks; just back to the outfit last night; traveling over here is fun \u0026 easy; go to an Officers' mess \u0026 eat all you want; I've covered most of England, Africa, and parts of Italy that way, \u0026 it works.","My chances of going home soon seem quite slim; kind of used to this life now and will be nicer w/warm weather coming, except for mosquitoes, malaria, flies \u0026 dysentery [about 'sirocco', wind \u0026 sand storm]  Love, Charlie B.","P.S.  Sgt Thomas didn't get home; he was sent back here.\"","On personal stationery w/his name \u0026 address printed on env \u0026 paper: Capt. Charles A. Burleigh, 0-434810 / 353 Bomb. Sqdn. 301 Bomb. Group. (H) A.A.F. / A. P. O. 520 c/o Postmaster / New York City, New York.  Image of a red plane on paper. [Had printed by an Italian in town.]","\"Sorry the pics you sent have never arrived.  School out soon \u0026 you'll have summer ahead; plans?  I have mighty large plans, but probably delayed 'cause so much work to do; enjoying life here but would trade it for a chicken dinner, Am beer, \u0026 a good dance orchestra.","Wonderful weather, but we work most evenings; get up betw 2 \u0026 6am; take turns lighting fire, then back in bed until tent warms up; usually midday we get a slack period \u0026 can rest up for the afternoon \u0026 evening work.  Write me soon.  Love, Charlie B.\"","\"Glad to get your letter after such a long time; \"your [you're?] a Wolf\": in all these letters you have a new man on the line or angling for one.","Keeping busy over here, and probably all summer; nothing new concerning me going home.\nDrew all kinds of rations in town today: 6 choc bars, 11 packs of tobacco, cigars and soap, and stuff; not the same war as in Africa [consistently spells it 'Africia']: if we got the soap, we couldn't get the water.  Life here pretty good, but looking forward to the States and all you \"Beautiful Female Wolves\".\"","\"Just finished long trip getting supplies I needed very badly.","According to latest rumors, I may be seeing you soon; 'soon' in Army means in next 3 mos.\nHave an unmounted cameo I'll bring to you; Italy is original home of cameos.\nMade another trip to rest camp last wk and did horse back riding and fishing, without much luck in either. Work here a little rough at times, but we lead a pretty good life.\nHoping to see you soon..  Love, Charlie B.\"","\"Got letter w/the 3 pics yesterday, and what a cousin I've got; very easy on the eyes; the extra 20 lbs seems to be in the right spots.","Hoping to be home in Sept; will stop in to see you on way to Boston; might feel lost among all the Eng-speaking people.  Tell your Dad we have the war in the bag: only a matter of time before we make the kill.  Sgt. Thomas is on way home; has promised to stop in and see you; if you have time, fix him a chicken dinner.\nI hope Aunt Dot is coming along all right.  Love, Charlie B.\"","Charlie B. to Betty Jean.  Capt. CAB, Headquarters 301 Bomb Gp (H) AAF, APO 520 c/o Postmaster N.Y., to Betty Jean Burleigh, Glendale Road, Hampden, Mass.","\"Been long time since I've written, but as you can see I've moved; lot of work to get used to has kept me busy.  Gave your address to a favorite Sgt to write you, a damned good looking man.","Have things well under control here \u0026 getting along fine; hope soon can go home, maybe Dec or Jan.  Love, Charlie B.\"","On U.S. Air Forces stationery.  No censor stamp on env.","\"Very glad to get your letter.","Will try to give you the dope on Sgt. Joe: he's around 23yo, about 5'7\" or 8\", 160 lbs, mostly well placed muscle; good looking, though his shoulders are too wide for his height; as smart as they come, full of hell \u0026 fun, a good man to have around for a party or a fight, but usually quiet spoken \u0026 a real gentleman.","Hope to be home early Feb if all goes well, though still nothing definite about it.\nGive my best to all the folks \u0026 write soon.  Love, Charlie B.\"","A V-Mail.  From Pete Podner[?] C.M. 3/c, U. S. S. Ricketts D. E. 254, c/o Fleet P.O. N.Y.C., to Miss Betty Burleigh, Glendale Road, Hampden, Mass.","\"Hi \"Lucky Strike\"; to stay on friendly side, thought I'd better answer your letters.\nI'm tops \u0026 so are all the rest of the gang; too bad we didn't have that snow-ball duel when I was in Mass.  Night life isn't good for you; you saw what happened to Dude Xmas Eve; Dude sends you his deepest love; he's got it pretty bad, and you are the cause; just kidding, but he does want me to say Hello for him.","If you see Peterson family, say Hello for me.  Always Pete.\"","Three small photographs were enclosed with Charles Burleigh's letter dated 1943 October 9; these three have annotations indicating \"Arab Woman of Better Type, July 1943\", \"Arab Begger [sic], July 1943\", and \"Charles A, Burleigh, Capt. A. C., Sept. 1943\".","The remaining forty-nine photographs are of varying sizes and have either brief annotations or no annotations.  Subjects are mainly military personnel and war zone sights.  Names appear on only one photograph of \"Corpsmen of Marine Fighter Squadron 311\".","One is a good conduct medal with ribbon, in addition to three gold-colored metal disks.  One disk is embossed with 'U.S.', and two have images of a triple-turreted castle, which is associated with U. S. Army engineers.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","Burleigh, Charles","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Charles Burleigh Papers, 1939/1945"],"collection_ssim":["Charles Burleigh Papers, 1939/1945"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS 00224","/repositories/2/resources/7733"],"unitid_tesim":["MS 00224","/repositories/2/resources/7733"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"creator_ssm":["Burleigh, Charles"],"creator_ssim":["Burleigh, Charles"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Burleigh, Charles"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Burleigh, Charles","Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Gary Barranger, class of '73 Law '76."],"access_subjects_ssim":["World War, 1939-1945"],"access_subjects_ssm":["World War, 1939-1945"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.25 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["0.25 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTwenty-three of the letters (1939-1944) were written by Charles A. Burleigh to his schoolgirl cousin Betty Jean Burleigh, who was living with her family in Hampden, Massachusetts.  Burleigh's first letter (1939) was from college in Durham, New Hampshire; three (1941) were from Oklahoma and Colorado during his training to be an aircraft armaments officer in the Army Air Forces; and the remainder (1943-1944) were from air bases in North Africa and Italy.  Burleigh was commissioned as a First Lieutenant and assigned to the 353rd Bombardment Squadron of the 301st Bombardment Group.  He was promoted to Captain in 1943.  The 353rd was a B-17 Flying Fortress squadron.  Burleigh was a ground-based officer who serviced the bombs, guns, and other armaments that the bombers carried.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Twenty-three of the letters (1939-1944) were written by Charles A. Burleigh to his schoolgirl cousin Betty Jean Burleigh, who was living with her family in Hampden, Massachusetts.  Burleigh's first letter (1939) was from college in Durham, New Hampshire; three (1941) were from Oklahoma and Colorado during his training to be an aircraft armaments officer in the Army Air Forces; and the remainder (1943-1944) were from air bases in North Africa and Italy.  Burleigh was commissioned as a First Lieutenant and assigned to the 353rd Bombardment Squadron of the 301st Bombardment Group.  He was promoted to Captain in 1943.  The 353rd was a B-17 Flying Fortress squadron.  Burleigh was a ground-based officer who serviced the bombs, guns, and other armaments that the bombers carried."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTwenty-six letters written by four U. S. servicemen during World War II, plus fifty-two photographs and four artifacts.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharles Burleigh's letters are short and chatty.  He wrote about his work in general, with frequent references to being tired, but he never mentioned the B-17s or their missions.  He commented on living conditions, the dearth of comforts, camels, Arabs, and the relatively better situation in Italy.  He wrote about activities during breaks, including day trips into Tunis and sightseeing in Italy.  He spent three weeks in a hospital with yellow jaundice.  He was engaged to be married when he returned to the U. S., which, as of his last letter in December 1944, he expected to be in February 1945.  In response to letters and photos he received from Betty Jean, Burleigh sometimes mentioned her interests in horses, flying, and boys.  A torn fragment of an unfinished letter was in the envelope with Charles Burleigh's letter postmarked 1941 November 14; it possibly was the start of a reply from Betty Jean.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThree letters in this collection were written by three other servicemen.  Two brothers, L. E. \"Lew\" Loyd and Cpl. Jimmy W. Loyd, wrote to their parents in Springfield, Massachusetts.  Lew Loyd wrote from the USS Arkansas (1943 May 8); his letter is in the form of a poem about the restraints imposed by wartime censorship.  Jimmy Loyd was a petroleum distribution officer based in South Asia (789th Engineer Petroleum Distribution Company); he wrote (1944 September 4) about managing a warehouse and his pending divorce.  Pete Podner[?] served on the USS Ricketts, a convoy escort vessel; in his letter to Betty Jean Burleigh (1945 February 28), he mentioned having visited her in Massachusetts just before Christmas.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eCharlie B[urleigh] to Betty, on roommate's stationery (Franklin Mullon [Moon], S.A.E. House, Durham, NH)    [Univ of New Hampshire?]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Went sailing w/Moon \u0026amp; another boy; boat tipped over; rescued; was very cold; should have worn rubbers; bet Aunt Dot makes you wear yours when wet out.  How are your kittens?  How is Barbara \u0026amp; \"Mush-face\"?  How did operetta come out? Well, \"Little one\", I must get to work or will never become a forester \u0026amp; ride a big white horse.  Thank your Mom \u0026amp; Dad for taking good care of me.  Love, Charlie B.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharlie B, to Miss Betty Jean B, Hampden, Mass.  Return: C.A.B. Jr., SACTD, Box 2649, Barracks #10, Tulsa, Okla.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Have seen cowboys, not as goodlooking as in movies; wear tall hats \u0026amp;high boots, but otherwise kind of dirty; their horses are smaller than riding horses in east, but kept in better condition, healthier, happier.  Not doing any more flying; to be transferred to Airplane Armament; may get leave for couple wks, or may go directly to Lowry Field, Denver.  You asked who was my girl; have one in Main, last June; she may be waiting for me to come east, but can't be sure; in the Army, especially the air corps, you can't worry about girls, for too many things come first.  In the Armament branch I'll be in charge of all the bombs, machine guns \u0026amp; 37mm guns on the plane; have to have 7 mos training; hope to enter Sept 15 class; if not will get couple wks leave to come home.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharlie B to Betty Jean, Hampden.  Air Corps Technical School, Lowry Field, CO; A/C Charles A. Burleigh\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Sorry haven't written; been very busy; Armament school gets more complicated, so more studying.  Take weekends off to go hunting \u0026amp; see the country.  Met a few cowboys; some are illiterate.  Got letter from Aunt Ester.  Sent   the Breck boys a picture of me like the one you have.  Things looking good now, so might be commissioned Jan or Feb; just finished wk of machine gunning \u0026amp; now working w/airplane bombing.  Beautiful weather last couple wks, and beautiful view of mts.  Get up 3am \u0026amp; go to school to 12:30pm; grunts \u0026amp; groans of 150 men trying to pull selves out of bed.  Give my regards to your sister \u0026amp; your Mom \u0026amp; Dad.  Love, Charlie B.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnclosed[?]:  A torn page of the beginning of a letter to \"Junior\", dated 1941-11-17, from Chapin Road, Hampden, MA:  Wish you could be here for Thanksgiving.  [Stops halfway down page in mid-sentence.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDenver, to Betty Jean B, Hampden, on Lowry Field stationery\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Rec'd your letter; am interested in Westover[?] field \u0026amp; the bombing practice you have had.  Food here very good, but miss home cooking.  Just about finished w/class; all are pleased to be getting commissions early; can hardly wait to get into an officer's uniform.  Weekends off, go into Denver to big Cadet Club w/lots of activities.  The mts are beautiful at Sunrise.  Might see you this Christmas if I get up near Hampden.  Love, Charlie B.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTo BJB, Chapin Rd, Hampden, from 1st Lt. Charles A. Burleigh 0-434810[?], 353 Bomb Sqd., A.P.O. 520 c/o Postmaster, NY\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Been years since I last wrote, though I dropped you a card in England; it is this war, that keeps us moving day \u0026amp; night.  I hear things have happened to Burleigh family; Aunt Louise wrote that Molly is married.  Yes, there are camels in Africia [sic]; we have them here \u0026amp; lots of little burros.  The Arabs look like in books, only more ragged \u0026amp; dirty; head of the town is old dignified Arab w/beautiful white flowing robes; all the townsmen kiss his turban \u0026amp; then shake hands w/him.  Enclosing picture I took [not present]  Love, Charlie B.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eL. E. Loyd, S 2/c, Div L, U.S.S. Arkansas, c/o Fleet P.O., NY, NY;  to Mr \u0026amp; Mrs Wm B Loyd, Sr, 41 Fairview St., Springfield, Mass. ; on Lewis E. Loyd, A.S., stationery w/monogram \u0026amp; US Navy, \u0026amp; printed address: Co. 556, U.S.N.T.S., Newport, R.I.  Passed by. . .Censor stamp on env.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Dear Folks, I'm censored, Can't write a thing, Just say that I'm well And sign my name. . .\nIn form of a poem, mentioning kinds of things can't do or write about.  Love, Lew.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharles Jr. to Betty Jean, Chapin Rd, Hampden.  353 Bomb Sqd, 301st Bomb Gp, APO 520 NY; on Desert Hotel stationery, Spokane, Wash.  Passed by US Army Examiner stamp on env.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Nice to hear from you; letters much appreciated over here.  It's 8:15pm, just finished work; nice to sit down \u0026amp; write w/bottle of fairly good wine; we all work long hrs, but if you could see our result you'd understand why everyone is so eager to do a good job.  Ray is stationed in NJ; I'm glad he gets to see Mom every once in a while, for she gets quite lonesome.  Tell me more about this Navy man of yours.  Tell your Dad to be sure those engines are made right, for it's difference betw live or dead over here.  [Writes lyric of an English marching song: \"Bless 'em All\".]  Love, Charles Jr.\"   \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Two paragraphs are circled w/red crayon, perhaps by censor.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharles Jr. to Betty Jean, Chapin Rd, Hampden.  353 Bomb Sqd, 301st Bomb Gp, APO 520 NY, not on DH stationery.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Afraid I can't jam a camel in my bag; they're huge \u0026amp; smell like a back house on a hot summer day; we have very cute 'Burros\", 3 feet from hoof to shoulder \u0026amp; covered w/thick fur; the Arabs put a ton of hay on them w/a rug on top \u0026amp; then climb up on them; looks like a moving haystack w/Mahatma Gandi sitting on top.  I smoke a pipe here, much to disgust of my tent mates; if you find one w/a large hole, I'd much appreciate; we get Am. tobacco here.  Can't write about most interesting parts of the war;  life here dull, monotonous, except for the work; sit around in evening \u0026amp; read or tell stories; after 10 mos of this, very tiresome.  Love, Charlie B.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharles Jr. to Betty Jean, and BJB's address is Box 104, Hampden, MA. On Desert Hotel stationery. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Hurry along w/the picture for me; want to see what you look like now that you're grown up.  Thanks for the letter from my Dad to yours [not present]; interesting that 20, 40, \u0026amp; 60 yrs ago people lived, played, \u0026amp; fought wars the same as now.  Have not heard of \"The Constant Nymph\" w/ Charles Boyer over here; personally I think Ch Boyer's brand of love is a bit windy \u0026amp; awfully sticky; I prefer the direct attack \u0026amp; the short answer system, just yes! or no!  Anyway I haven't rec'd any complaints on that sys and it works for me.  Who says you were gawky the last time I saw you; anyone not nearsighted would have seen you'll be darn cute if not beautiful, like your mother.  Time for me to get back to fighting the war, so I'll sign off; been overseas more than a year now: no fresh milk, doughnuts, Am beer, ice cream, or coca cola.  Give my best to all the folks.  Love, Charlie B.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBurleigh is Captain now; Betty Jean Burleigh's address is Glendale Rd, Hampden.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Got your long letter \u0026amp; the pic today; pic like that is what this Army needs to keep up morale; been 14 mos since I saw a pretty girl in shorts.  Writes of 3 small photos he encloses: Arab girl in robes and head cover, male Arab beggar, \u0026amp; CB in front of his Armament shop [a tent].  Here's a little dope on the philosophy of a Soldier; eat, drink, and play now for tomorrow you will have moved on; has no past and no hopes for the future; was never born \u0026amp; will never die; always happy for has a full stomach; if you want a good time, date a soldier, but don't take him seriously; have met many girls, but only two I've bothered to write to; wish I was going to that dance w/you; haven't danced since I left England.  Work here goes along, until I hate the sight of airplanes; wonder if I should have joined infantry; things are pretty smooth[?] w/the jump in rank; more paper signing, less physical work, so caught up on sleep and get into town once or twice a week.  Ever thought of going to college when you finish High School?  It's a great life, fun, 4 yrs of thrills.  Over here after lights out, you lie in bed and daydream of things you miss [a list], until you pass into a sweet sleep w/pleasant dreams.  Love, Charlie B.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSame addresses on a V-Mail, 3 ½ x 4[?]; looks like a photographic copy; envelope is postmarked New York, 1943-12-10 [sic], War \u0026amp; Navy Depts, V-Mail Service; Official business.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Wishing you a Merry Xmas \u0026amp; a Happy New Year; my early Christmas greeting to you \u0026amp; all the folks in Hampden; so busy here, not possible to write to all; you will have to give my wishes to others.  Love, Charlie B.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Was in Tunis other day for first time in several wks, w/Capt. Katz, wandering about town, in \u0026amp; out of Bars; found nothing we needed at Officers' PX; ice cream \u0026amp; sandwiches at the Red Cross; ate dinner and supper at the Tunisian Palace Hotel; home by truck at 8:30, for the town is closed a 9pm.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGo to bed early; get up at 4 or 5 every other morning, 6:30 other days \u0026amp; Sunday\nYou're hereby invited to Boston for a wedding when I get to the States; we'll have several evenings of parties, \u0026amp; fix you up with a date, making the best shows \u0026amp; dinner dances; sleep all day, play all night.  Best regards to all.  Love, Charlie B.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Another Merry Christmas wish to you.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNow I'm a very much engaged man even though I do not act it; supposed to be married (Boy I'm henpecked already) as soon as I hit the States; I hope you'll be present as one of the chief mourners; you can come up to Boston w/my Mom; will be some great times.\nWork here slowing up for the winter: fixing up our tent \u0026amp; getting ready for a big spring; still fight the war but has slacked off \u0026amp; we can get some sleep.\nAbout this country: a hell hole of filth \u0026amp; disease; once I get back in States, I'll stay there, probably in New England.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWish you luck on your flying; lot of fun in a small place; these large ships are very monotonous, much like riding a train without the click of the rails; to be a good pilot, must know your engines.  Love, Charlie B.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Plans for a big time in Boston include you; will be very well chaperoned by myself, \u0026amp; escorted by a date, arranged by my girl.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eYou asked about my Army job: I'm Squadron Armament Officer; I take care of and repair all guns, bombs, ammo, gun turrets, bombsights, gun cameras, flares, flare pistols, and all small arms; also I'm Chemical Warfare \u0026amp; Base Defense Officer; have to check out all bombardiers \u0026amp; gunners, explain how to use equipment for best results ; supervise loading all bombs \u0026amp; ammo;\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI do not fly in combat; my only flying is checking men \u0026amp; equipment in the air.\nWork itself is not hard, but changes, modifications, \u0026amp; little inventions we add for better performance make a lot of work \u0026amp; long hours.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePlease send another picture of yourself.  Love, Charlie B.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnvelope is postmarked U.S.Postal Service No. 1, 1944-2-25 [sic], War \u0026amp; Navy Depts, V-Mail Service; Official business.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"I've been 3 wks in the hospital w/yellow jaundice; doc says I'll be out of here in 3 or 4 days; I'm feeling fine.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA Sgt Thomas here is going on medical leave \u0026amp; may get to visit his folks in Westfield, Mass; I gave him Aunt Louise's \u0026amp; Aunt Ester's addresses so he can phone them and tell what goes on here \u0026amp; how I am; picked them 'cause they have phones, but told him to ask how he could call you.  Write your very best cousin ASAP.   Love, Charlie B.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Opened by U. S. Army Examiner\" tape detached from env.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"So you want my girl's address: Miss Marcia Weatherill, 35 Temple Street, Arlington, Mass.  Drop Marci a line; I've told her to put you on the list as an extra special house guest for the wedding.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI'm out of the \"butcher shop', all well, back in action, raring to go.\nI can hardly keep up with you, for the rate you change boyfriends; good work: keep 'em on the run; I thought I had one on the run, but if it wasn't for 5000 miles of water I'd be a married man.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSounds like you have an interesting course to follow at Tec High; when I get home I'll tell you how they fly \u0026amp; fight them over here.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eKeeping busy here; it's now 19 mos of combat work for me; we work w/speed and at all hours; if not finished, work by flashlight at night.  Love, Charlies B.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Got your letter about your operation; it's good you had them out, for a flying person gets into some awful places; I'm still waiting for the letter you sent w/the pictures.\nBeen seeing the sights of Italy for two wks; just back to the outfit last night; traveling over here is fun \u0026amp; easy; go to an Officers' mess \u0026amp; eat all you want; I've covered most of England, Africa, and parts of Italy that way, \u0026amp; it works.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMy chances of going home soon seem quite slim; kind of used to this life now and will be nicer w/warm weather coming, except for mosquitoes, malaria, flies \u0026amp; dysentery [about 'sirocco', wind \u0026amp; sand storm]  Love, Charlie B.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eP.S.  Sgt Thomas didn't get home; he was sent back here.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn personal stationery w/his name \u0026amp; address printed on env \u0026amp; paper: Capt. Charles A. Burleigh, 0-434810 / 353 Bomb. Sqdn. 301 Bomb. Group. (H) A.A.F. / A. P. O. 520 c/o Postmaster / New York City, New York.  Image of a red plane on paper. [Had printed by an Italian in town.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Sorry the pics you sent have never arrived.  School out soon \u0026amp; you'll have summer ahead; plans?  I have mighty large plans, but probably delayed 'cause so much work to do; enjoying life here but would trade it for a chicken dinner, Am beer, \u0026amp; a good dance orchestra.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWonderful weather, but we work most evenings; get up betw 2 \u0026amp; 6am; take turns lighting fire, then back in bed until tent warms up; usually midday we get a slack period \u0026amp; can rest up for the afternoon \u0026amp; evening work.  Write me soon.  Love, Charlie B.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Glad to get your letter after such a long time; \"your [you're?] a Wolf\": in all these letters you have a new man on the line or angling for one.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eKeeping busy over here, and probably all summer; nothing new concerning me going home.\nDrew all kinds of rations in town today: 6 choc bars, 11 packs of tobacco, cigars and soap, and stuff; not the same war as in Africa [consistently spells it 'Africia']: if we got the soap, we couldn't get the water.  Life here pretty good, but looking forward to the States and all you \"Beautiful Female Wolves\".\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Just finished long trip getting supplies I needed very badly.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccording to latest rumors, I may be seeing you soon; 'soon' in Army means in next 3 mos.\nHave an unmounted cameo I'll bring to you; Italy is original home of cameos.\nMade another trip to rest camp last wk and did horse back riding and fishing, without much luck in either. Work here a little rough at times, but we lead a pretty good life.\nHoping to see you soon..  Love, Charlie B.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Got letter w/the 3 pics yesterday, and what a cousin I've got; very easy on the eyes; the extra 20 lbs seems to be in the right spots.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHoping to be home in Sept; will stop in to see you on way to Boston; might feel lost among all the Eng-speaking people.  Tell your Dad we have the war in the bag: only a matter of time before we make the kill.  Sgt. Thomas is on way home; has promised to stop in and see you; if you have time, fix him a chicken dinner.\nI hope Aunt Dot is coming along all right.  Love, Charlie B.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharlie B. to Betty Jean.  Capt. CAB, Headquarters 301 Bomb Gp (H) AAF, APO 520 c/o Postmaster N.Y., to Betty Jean Burleigh, Glendale Road, Hampden, Mass.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Been long time since I've written, but as you can see I've moved; lot of work to get used to has kept me busy.  Gave your address to a favorite Sgt to write you, a damned good looking man.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHave things well under control here \u0026amp; getting along fine; hope soon can go home, maybe Dec or Jan.  Love, Charlie B.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn U.S. Air Forces stationery.  No censor stamp on env.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Very glad to get your letter.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWill try to give you the dope on Sgt. Joe: he's around 23yo, about 5'7\" or 8\", 160 lbs, mostly well placed muscle; good looking, though his shoulders are too wide for his height; as smart as they come, full of hell \u0026amp; fun, a good man to have around for a party or a fight, but usually quiet spoken \u0026amp; a real gentleman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHope to be home early Feb if all goes well, though still nothing definite about it.\nGive my best to all the folks \u0026amp; write soon.  Love, Charlie B.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA V-Mail.  From Pete Podner[?] C.M. 3/c, U. S. S. Ricketts D. E. 254, c/o Fleet P.O. N.Y.C., to Miss Betty Burleigh, Glendale Road, Hampden, Mass.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Hi \"Lucky Strike\"; to stay on friendly side, thought I'd better answer your letters.\nI'm tops \u0026amp; so are all the rest of the gang; too bad we didn't have that snow-ball duel when I was in Mass.  Night life isn't good for you; you saw what happened to Dude Xmas Eve; Dude sends you his deepest love; he's got it pretty bad, and you are the cause; just kidding, but he does want me to say Hello for him.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIf you see Peterson family, say Hello for me.  Always Pete.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThree small photographs were enclosed with Charles Burleigh's letter dated 1943 October 9; these three have annotations indicating \"Arab Woman of Better Type, July 1943\", \"Arab Begger [sic], July 1943\", and \"Charles A, Burleigh, Capt. A. C., Sept. 1943\".  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe remaining forty-nine photographs are of varying sizes and have either brief annotations or no annotations.  Subjects are mainly military personnel and war zone sights.  Names appear on only one photograph of \"Corpsmen of Marine Fighter Squadron 311\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOne is a good conduct medal with ribbon, in addition to three gold-colored metal disks.  One disk is embossed with 'U.S.', and two have images of a triple-turreted castle, which is associated with U. S. Army engineers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Twenty-six letters written by four U. S. servicemen during World War II, plus fifty-two photographs and four artifacts.","Charles Burleigh's letters are short and chatty.  He wrote about his work in general, with frequent references to being tired, but he never mentioned the B-17s or their missions.  He commented on living conditions, the dearth of comforts, camels, Arabs, and the relatively better situation in Italy.  He wrote about activities during breaks, including day trips into Tunis and sightseeing in Italy.  He spent three weeks in a hospital with yellow jaundice.  He was engaged to be married when he returned to the U. S., which, as of his last letter in December 1944, he expected to be in February 1945.  In response to letters and photos he received from Betty Jean, Burleigh sometimes mentioned her interests in horses, flying, and boys.  A torn fragment of an unfinished letter was in the envelope with Charles Burleigh's letter postmarked 1941 November 14; it possibly was the start of a reply from Betty Jean.","Three letters in this collection were written by three other servicemen.  Two brothers, L. E. \"Lew\" Loyd and Cpl. Jimmy W. Loyd, wrote to their parents in Springfield, Massachusetts.  Lew Loyd wrote from the USS Arkansas (1943 May 8); his letter is in the form of a poem about the restraints imposed by wartime censorship.  Jimmy Loyd was a petroleum distribution officer based in South Asia (789th Engineer Petroleum Distribution Company); he wrote (1944 September 4) about managing a warehouse and his pending divorce.  Pete Podner[?] served on the USS Ricketts, a convoy escort vessel; in his letter to Betty Jean Burleigh (1945 February 28), he mentioned having visited her in Massachusetts just before Christmas.","Charlie B[urleigh] to Betty, on roommate's stationery (Franklin Mullon [Moon], S.A.E. House, Durham, NH)    [Univ of New Hampshire?]","\"Went sailing w/Moon \u0026 another boy; boat tipped over; rescued; was very cold; should have worn rubbers; bet Aunt Dot makes you wear yours when wet out.  How are your kittens?  How is Barbara \u0026 \"Mush-face\"?  How did operetta come out? Well, \"Little one\", I must get to work or will never become a forester \u0026 ride a big white horse.  Thank your Mom \u0026 Dad for taking good care of me.  Love, Charlie B.\"","Charlie B, to Miss Betty Jean B, Hampden, Mass.  Return: C.A.B. Jr., SACTD, Box 2649, Barracks #10, Tulsa, Okla.","\"Have seen cowboys, not as goodlooking as in movies; wear tall hats \u0026high boots, but otherwise kind of dirty; their horses are smaller than riding horses in east, but kept in better condition, healthier, happier.  Not doing any more flying; to be transferred to Airplane Armament; may get leave for couple wks, or may go directly to Lowry Field, Denver.  You asked who was my girl; have one in Main, last June; she may be waiting for me to come east, but can't be sure; in the Army, especially the air corps, you can't worry about girls, for too many things come first.  In the Armament branch I'll be in charge of all the bombs, machine guns \u0026 37mm guns on the plane; have to have 7 mos training; hope to enter Sept 15 class; if not will get couple wks leave to come home.\"","Charlie B to Betty Jean, Hampden.  Air Corps Technical School, Lowry Field, CO; A/C Charles A. Burleigh","\"Sorry haven't written; been very busy; Armament school gets more complicated, so more studying.  Take weekends off to go hunting \u0026 see the country.  Met a few cowboys; some are illiterate.  Got letter from Aunt Ester.  Sent   the Breck boys a picture of me like the one you have.  Things looking good now, so might be commissioned Jan or Feb; just finished wk of machine gunning \u0026 now working w/airplane bombing.  Beautiful weather last couple wks, and beautiful view of mts.  Get up 3am \u0026 go to school to 12:30pm; grunts \u0026 groans of 150 men trying to pull selves out of bed.  Give my regards to your sister \u0026 your Mom \u0026 Dad.  Love, Charlie B.\"","Enclosed[?]:  A torn page of the beginning of a letter to \"Junior\", dated 1941-11-17, from Chapin Road, Hampden, MA:  Wish you could be here for Thanksgiving.  [Stops halfway down page in mid-sentence.]","Denver, to Betty Jean B, Hampden, on Lowry Field stationery","\"Rec'd your letter; am interested in Westover[?] field \u0026 the bombing practice you have had.  Food here very good, but miss home cooking.  Just about finished w/class; all are pleased to be getting commissions early; can hardly wait to get into an officer's uniform.  Weekends off, go into Denver to big Cadet Club w/lots of activities.  The mts are beautiful at Sunrise.  Might see you this Christmas if I get up near Hampden.  Love, Charlie B.\"","To BJB, Chapin Rd, Hampden, from 1st Lt. Charles A. Burleigh 0-434810[?], 353 Bomb Sqd., A.P.O. 520 c/o Postmaster, NY","\"Been years since I last wrote, though I dropped you a card in England; it is this war, that keeps us moving day \u0026 night.  I hear things have happened to Burleigh family; Aunt Louise wrote that Molly is married.  Yes, there are camels in Africia [sic]; we have them here \u0026 lots of little burros.  The Arabs look like in books, only more ragged \u0026 dirty; head of the town is old dignified Arab w/beautiful white flowing robes; all the townsmen kiss his turban \u0026 then shake hands w/him.  Enclosing picture I took [not present]  Love, Charlie B.\"","L. E. Loyd, S 2/c, Div L, U.S.S. Arkansas, c/o Fleet P.O., NY, NY;  to Mr \u0026 Mrs Wm B Loyd, Sr, 41 Fairview St., Springfield, Mass. ; on Lewis E. Loyd, A.S., stationery w/monogram \u0026 US Navy, \u0026 printed address: Co. 556, U.S.N.T.S., Newport, R.I.  Passed by. . .Censor stamp on env.","\"Dear Folks, I'm censored, Can't write a thing, Just say that I'm well And sign my name. . .\nIn form of a poem, mentioning kinds of things can't do or write about.  Love, Lew.\"","Charles Jr. to Betty Jean, Chapin Rd, Hampden.  353 Bomb Sqd, 301st Bomb Gp, APO 520 NY; on Desert Hotel stationery, Spokane, Wash.  Passed by US Army Examiner stamp on env.","\"Nice to hear from you; letters much appreciated over here.  It's 8:15pm, just finished work; nice to sit down \u0026 write w/bottle of fairly good wine; we all work long hrs, but if you could see our result you'd understand why everyone is so eager to do a good job.  Ray is stationed in NJ; I'm glad he gets to see Mom every once in a while, for she gets quite lonesome.  Tell me more about this Navy man of yours.  Tell your Dad to be sure those engines are made right, for it's difference betw live or dead over here.  [Writes lyric of an English marching song: \"Bless 'em All\".]  Love, Charles Jr.\"","[Two paragraphs are circled w/red crayon, perhaps by censor.]","Charles Jr. to Betty Jean, Chapin Rd, Hampden.  353 Bomb Sqd, 301st Bomb Gp, APO 520 NY, not on DH stationery.","\"Afraid I can't jam a camel in my bag; they're huge \u0026 smell like a back house on a hot summer day; we have very cute 'Burros\", 3 feet from hoof to shoulder \u0026 covered w/thick fur; the Arabs put a ton of hay on them w/a rug on top \u0026 then climb up on them; looks like a moving haystack w/Mahatma Gandi sitting on top.  I smoke a pipe here, much to disgust of my tent mates; if you find one w/a large hole, I'd much appreciate; we get Am. tobacco here.  Can't write about most interesting parts of the war;  life here dull, monotonous, except for the work; sit around in evening \u0026 read or tell stories; after 10 mos of this, very tiresome.  Love, Charlie B.\"","Charles Jr. to Betty Jean, and BJB's address is Box 104, Hampden, MA. On Desert Hotel stationery.","\"Hurry along w/the picture for me; want to see what you look like now that you're grown up.  Thanks for the letter from my Dad to yours [not present]; interesting that 20, 40, \u0026 60 yrs ago people lived, played, \u0026 fought wars the same as now.  Have not heard of \"The Constant Nymph\" w/ Charles Boyer over here; personally I think Ch Boyer's brand of love is a bit windy \u0026 awfully sticky; I prefer the direct attack \u0026 the short answer system, just yes! or no!  Anyway I haven't rec'd any complaints on that sys and it works for me.  Who says you were gawky the last time I saw you; anyone not nearsighted would have seen you'll be darn cute if not beautiful, like your mother.  Time for me to get back to fighting the war, so I'll sign off; been overseas more than a year now: no fresh milk, doughnuts, Am beer, ice cream, or coca cola.  Give my best to all the folks.  Love, Charlie B.\"","Burleigh is Captain now; Betty Jean Burleigh's address is Glendale Rd, Hampden.","\"Got your long letter \u0026 the pic today; pic like that is what this Army needs to keep up morale; been 14 mos since I saw a pretty girl in shorts.  Writes of 3 small photos he encloses: Arab girl in robes and head cover, male Arab beggar, \u0026 CB in front of his Armament shop [a tent].  Here's a little dope on the philosophy of a Soldier; eat, drink, and play now for tomorrow you will have moved on; has no past and no hopes for the future; was never born \u0026 will never die; always happy for has a full stomach; if you want a good time, date a soldier, but don't take him seriously; have met many girls, but only two I've bothered to write to; wish I was going to that dance w/you; haven't danced since I left England.  Work here goes along, until I hate the sight of airplanes; wonder if I should have joined infantry; things are pretty smooth[?] w/the jump in rank; more paper signing, less physical work, so caught up on sleep and get into town once or twice a week.  Ever thought of going to college when you finish High School?  It's a great life, fun, 4 yrs of thrills.  Over here after lights out, you lie in bed and daydream of things you miss [a list], until you pass into a sweet sleep w/pleasant dreams.  Love, Charlie B.\"","Same addresses on a V-Mail, 3 ½ x 4[?]; looks like a photographic copy; envelope is postmarked New York, 1943-12-10 [sic], War \u0026 Navy Depts, V-Mail Service; Official business.","\"Wishing you a Merry Xmas \u0026 a Happy New Year; my early Christmas greeting to you \u0026 all the folks in Hampden; so busy here, not possible to write to all; you will have to give my wishes to others.  Love, Charlie B.\"","\"Was in Tunis other day for first time in several wks, w/Capt. Katz, wandering about town, in \u0026 out of Bars; found nothing we needed at Officers' PX; ice cream \u0026 sandwiches at the Red Cross; ate dinner and supper at the Tunisian Palace Hotel; home by truck at 8:30, for the town is closed a 9pm.","Go to bed early; get up at 4 or 5 every other morning, 6:30 other days \u0026 Sunday\nYou're hereby invited to Boston for a wedding when I get to the States; we'll have several evenings of parties, \u0026 fix you up with a date, making the best shows \u0026 dinner dances; sleep all day, play all night.  Best regards to all.  Love, Charlie B.\"","\"Another Merry Christmas wish to you.","Now I'm a very much engaged man even though I do not act it; supposed to be married (Boy I'm henpecked already) as soon as I hit the States; I hope you'll be present as one of the chief mourners; you can come up to Boston w/my Mom; will be some great times.\nWork here slowing up for the winter: fixing up our tent \u0026 getting ready for a big spring; still fight the war but has slacked off \u0026 we can get some sleep.\nAbout this country: a hell hole of filth \u0026 disease; once I get back in States, I'll stay there, probably in New England.","Wish you luck on your flying; lot of fun in a small place; these large ships are very monotonous, much like riding a train without the click of the rails; to be a good pilot, must know your engines.  Love, Charlie B.\"","\"Plans for a big time in Boston include you; will be very well chaperoned by myself, \u0026 escorted by a date, arranged by my girl.","You asked about my Army job: I'm Squadron Armament Officer; I take care of and repair all guns, bombs, ammo, gun turrets, bombsights, gun cameras, flares, flare pistols, and all small arms; also I'm Chemical Warfare \u0026 Base Defense Officer; have to check out all bombardiers \u0026 gunners, explain how to use equipment for best results ; supervise loading all bombs \u0026 ammo;","I do not fly in combat; my only flying is checking men \u0026 equipment in the air.\nWork itself is not hard, but changes, modifications, \u0026 little inventions we add for better performance make a lot of work \u0026 long hours.","Please send another picture of yourself.  Love, Charlie B.\"","Envelope is postmarked U.S.Postal Service No. 1, 1944-2-25 [sic], War \u0026 Navy Depts, V-Mail Service; Official business.","\"I've been 3 wks in the hospital w/yellow jaundice; doc says I'll be out of here in 3 or 4 days; I'm feeling fine.","A Sgt Thomas here is going on medical leave \u0026 may get to visit his folks in Westfield, Mass; I gave him Aunt Louise's \u0026 Aunt Ester's addresses so he can phone them and tell what goes on here \u0026 how I am; picked them 'cause they have phones, but told him to ask how he could call you.  Write your very best cousin ASAP.   Love, Charlie B.\"","\"Opened by U. S. Army Examiner\" tape detached from env.","\"So you want my girl's address: Miss Marcia Weatherill, 35 Temple Street, Arlington, Mass.  Drop Marci a line; I've told her to put you on the list as an extra special house guest for the wedding.","I'm out of the \"butcher shop', all well, back in action, raring to go.\nI can hardly keep up with you, for the rate you change boyfriends; good work: keep 'em on the run; I thought I had one on the run, but if it wasn't for 5000 miles of water I'd be a married man.","Sounds like you have an interesting course to follow at Tec High; when I get home I'll tell you how they fly \u0026 fight them over here.","Keeping busy here; it's now 19 mos of combat work for me; we work w/speed and at all hours; if not finished, work by flashlight at night.  Love, Charlies B.\"","\"Got your letter about your operation; it's good you had them out, for a flying person gets into some awful places; I'm still waiting for the letter you sent w/the pictures.\nBeen seeing the sights of Italy for two wks; just back to the outfit last night; traveling over here is fun \u0026 easy; go to an Officers' mess \u0026 eat all you want; I've covered most of England, Africa, and parts of Italy that way, \u0026 it works.","My chances of going home soon seem quite slim; kind of used to this life now and will be nicer w/warm weather coming, except for mosquitoes, malaria, flies \u0026 dysentery [about 'sirocco', wind \u0026 sand storm]  Love, Charlie B.","P.S.  Sgt Thomas didn't get home; he was sent back here.\"","On personal stationery w/his name \u0026 address printed on env \u0026 paper: Capt. Charles A. Burleigh, 0-434810 / 353 Bomb. Sqdn. 301 Bomb. Group. (H) A.A.F. / A. P. O. 520 c/o Postmaster / New York City, New York.  Image of a red plane on paper. [Had printed by an Italian in town.]","\"Sorry the pics you sent have never arrived.  School out soon \u0026 you'll have summer ahead; plans?  I have mighty large plans, but probably delayed 'cause so much work to do; enjoying life here but would trade it for a chicken dinner, Am beer, \u0026 a good dance orchestra.","Wonderful weather, but we work most evenings; get up betw 2 \u0026 6am; take turns lighting fire, then back in bed until tent warms up; usually midday we get a slack period \u0026 can rest up for the afternoon \u0026 evening work.  Write me soon.  Love, Charlie B.\"","\"Glad to get your letter after such a long time; \"your [you're?] a Wolf\": in all these letters you have a new man on the line or angling for one.","Keeping busy over here, and probably all summer; nothing new concerning me going home.\nDrew all kinds of rations in town today: 6 choc bars, 11 packs of tobacco, cigars and soap, and stuff; not the same war as in Africa [consistently spells it 'Africia']: if we got the soap, we couldn't get the water.  Life here pretty good, but looking forward to the States and all you \"Beautiful Female Wolves\".\"","\"Just finished long trip getting supplies I needed very badly.","According to latest rumors, I may be seeing you soon; 'soon' in Army means in next 3 mos.\nHave an unmounted cameo I'll bring to you; Italy is original home of cameos.\nMade another trip to rest camp last wk and did horse back riding and fishing, without much luck in either. Work here a little rough at times, but we lead a pretty good life.\nHoping to see you soon..  Love, Charlie B.\"","\"Got letter w/the 3 pics yesterday, and what a cousin I've got; very easy on the eyes; the extra 20 lbs seems to be in the right spots.","Hoping to be home in Sept; will stop in to see you on way to Boston; might feel lost among all the Eng-speaking people.  Tell your Dad we have the war in the bag: only a matter of time before we make the kill.  Sgt. Thomas is on way home; has promised to stop in and see you; if you have time, fix him a chicken dinner.\nI hope Aunt Dot is coming along all right.  Love, Charlie B.\"","Charlie B. to Betty Jean.  Capt. CAB, Headquarters 301 Bomb Gp (H) AAF, APO 520 c/o Postmaster N.Y., to Betty Jean Burleigh, Glendale Road, Hampden, Mass.","\"Been long time since I've written, but as you can see I've moved; lot of work to get used to has kept me busy.  Gave your address to a favorite Sgt to write you, a damned good looking man.","Have things well under control here \u0026 getting along fine; hope soon can go home, maybe Dec or Jan.  Love, Charlie B.\"","On U.S. Air Forces stationery.  No censor stamp on env.","\"Very glad to get your letter.","Will try to give you the dope on Sgt. Joe: he's around 23yo, about 5'7\" or 8\", 160 lbs, mostly well placed muscle; good looking, though his shoulders are too wide for his height; as smart as they come, full of hell \u0026 fun, a good man to have around for a party or a fight, but usually quiet spoken \u0026 a real gentleman.","Hope to be home early Feb if all goes well, though still nothing definite about it.\nGive my best to all the folks \u0026 write soon.  Love, Charlie B.\"","A V-Mail.  From Pete Podner[?] C.M. 3/c, U. S. S. Ricketts D. E. 254, c/o Fleet P.O. N.Y.C., to Miss Betty Burleigh, Glendale Road, Hampden, Mass.","\"Hi \"Lucky Strike\"; to stay on friendly side, thought I'd better answer your letters.\nI'm tops \u0026 so are all the rest of the gang; too bad we didn't have that snow-ball duel when I was in Mass.  Night life isn't good for you; you saw what happened to Dude Xmas Eve; Dude sends you his deepest love; he's got it pretty bad, and you are the cause; just kidding, but he does want me to say Hello for him.","If you see Peterson family, say Hello for me.  Always Pete.\"","Three small photographs were enclosed with Charles Burleigh's letter dated 1943 October 9; these three have annotations indicating \"Arab Woman of Better Type, July 1943\", \"Arab Begger [sic], July 1943\", and \"Charles A, Burleigh, Capt. A. C., Sept. 1943\".","The remaining forty-nine photographs are of varying sizes and have either brief annotations or no annotations.  Subjects are mainly military personnel and war zone sights.  Names appear on only one photograph of \"Corpsmen of Marine Fighter Squadron 311\".","One is a good conduct medal with ribbon, in addition to three gold-colored metal disks.  One disk is embossed with 'U.S.', and two have images of a triple-turreted castle, which is associated with U. S. Army engineers."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Burleigh, Charles"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Burleigh, Charles"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":31,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:45:26.564Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_7733","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_7733","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_7733","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_7733","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_7733.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Charles Burleigh Papers","title_ssm":["Charles Burleigh Papers"],"title_tesim":["Charles Burleigh Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1939-1945"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1939-1945"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1939/1945"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charles Burleigh Papers, 1939/1945"],"text":["Charles Burleigh Papers, 1939/1945","MS 00224","/repositories/2/resources/7733","World War, 1939-1945","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Twenty-three of the letters (1939-1944) were written by Charles A. Burleigh to his schoolgirl cousin Betty Jean Burleigh, who was living with her family in Hampden, Massachusetts.  Burleigh's first letter (1939) was from college in Durham, New Hampshire; three (1941) were from Oklahoma and Colorado during his training to be an aircraft armaments officer in the Army Air Forces; and the remainder (1943-1944) were from air bases in North Africa and Italy.  Burleigh was commissioned as a First Lieutenant and assigned to the 353rd Bombardment Squadron of the 301st Bombardment Group.  He was promoted to Captain in 1943.  The 353rd was a B-17 Flying Fortress squadron.  Burleigh was a ground-based officer who serviced the bombs, guns, and other armaments that the bombers carried.","Twenty-six letters written by four U. S. servicemen during World War II, plus fifty-two photographs and four artifacts.","Charles Burleigh's letters are short and chatty.  He wrote about his work in general, with frequent references to being tired, but he never mentioned the B-17s or their missions.  He commented on living conditions, the dearth of comforts, camels, Arabs, and the relatively better situation in Italy.  He wrote about activities during breaks, including day trips into Tunis and sightseeing in Italy.  He spent three weeks in a hospital with yellow jaundice.  He was engaged to be married when he returned to the U. S., which, as of his last letter in December 1944, he expected to be in February 1945.  In response to letters and photos he received from Betty Jean, Burleigh sometimes mentioned her interests in horses, flying, and boys.  A torn fragment of an unfinished letter was in the envelope with Charles Burleigh's letter postmarked 1941 November 14; it possibly was the start of a reply from Betty Jean.","Three letters in this collection were written by three other servicemen.  Two brothers, L. E. \"Lew\" Loyd and Cpl. Jimmy W. Loyd, wrote to their parents in Springfield, Massachusetts.  Lew Loyd wrote from the USS Arkansas (1943 May 8); his letter is in the form of a poem about the restraints imposed by wartime censorship.  Jimmy Loyd was a petroleum distribution officer based in South Asia (789th Engineer Petroleum Distribution Company); he wrote (1944 September 4) about managing a warehouse and his pending divorce.  Pete Podner[?] served on the USS Ricketts, a convoy escort vessel; in his letter to Betty Jean Burleigh (1945 February 28), he mentioned having visited her in Massachusetts just before Christmas.","Charlie B[urleigh] to Betty, on roommate's stationery (Franklin Mullon [Moon], S.A.E. House, Durham, NH)    [Univ of New Hampshire?]","\"Went sailing w/Moon \u0026 another boy; boat tipped over; rescued; was very cold; should have worn rubbers; bet Aunt Dot makes you wear yours when wet out.  How are your kittens?  How is Barbara \u0026 \"Mush-face\"?  How did operetta come out? Well, \"Little one\", I must get to work or will never become a forester \u0026 ride a big white horse.  Thank your Mom \u0026 Dad for taking good care of me.  Love, Charlie B.\"","Charlie B, to Miss Betty Jean B, Hampden, Mass.  Return: C.A.B. Jr., SACTD, Box 2649, Barracks #10, Tulsa, Okla.","\"Have seen cowboys, not as goodlooking as in movies; wear tall hats \u0026high boots, but otherwise kind of dirty; their horses are smaller than riding horses in east, but kept in better condition, healthier, happier.  Not doing any more flying; to be transferred to Airplane Armament; may get leave for couple wks, or may go directly to Lowry Field, Denver.  You asked who was my girl; have one in Main, last June; she may be waiting for me to come east, but can't be sure; in the Army, especially the air corps, you can't worry about girls, for too many things come first.  In the Armament branch I'll be in charge of all the bombs, machine guns \u0026 37mm guns on the plane; have to have 7 mos training; hope to enter Sept 15 class; if not will get couple wks leave to come home.\"","Charlie B to Betty Jean, Hampden.  Air Corps Technical School, Lowry Field, CO; A/C Charles A. Burleigh","\"Sorry haven't written; been very busy; Armament school gets more complicated, so more studying.  Take weekends off to go hunting \u0026 see the country.  Met a few cowboys; some are illiterate.  Got letter from Aunt Ester.  Sent   the Breck boys a picture of me like the one you have.  Things looking good now, so might be commissioned Jan or Feb; just finished wk of machine gunning \u0026 now working w/airplane bombing.  Beautiful weather last couple wks, and beautiful view of mts.  Get up 3am \u0026 go to school to 12:30pm; grunts \u0026 groans of 150 men trying to pull selves out of bed.  Give my regards to your sister \u0026 your Mom \u0026 Dad.  Love, Charlie B.\"","Enclosed[?]:  A torn page of the beginning of a letter to \"Junior\", dated 1941-11-17, from Chapin Road, Hampden, MA:  Wish you could be here for Thanksgiving.  [Stops halfway down page in mid-sentence.]","Denver, to Betty Jean B, Hampden, on Lowry Field stationery","\"Rec'd your letter; am interested in Westover[?] field \u0026 the bombing practice you have had.  Food here very good, but miss home cooking.  Just about finished w/class; all are pleased to be getting commissions early; can hardly wait to get into an officer's uniform.  Weekends off, go into Denver to big Cadet Club w/lots of activities.  The mts are beautiful at Sunrise.  Might see you this Christmas if I get up near Hampden.  Love, Charlie B.\"","To BJB, Chapin Rd, Hampden, from 1st Lt. Charles A. Burleigh 0-434810[?], 353 Bomb Sqd., A.P.O. 520 c/o Postmaster, NY","\"Been years since I last wrote, though I dropped you a card in England; it is this war, that keeps us moving day \u0026 night.  I hear things have happened to Burleigh family; Aunt Louise wrote that Molly is married.  Yes, there are camels in Africia [sic]; we have them here \u0026 lots of little burros.  The Arabs look like in books, only more ragged \u0026 dirty; head of the town is old dignified Arab w/beautiful white flowing robes; all the townsmen kiss his turban \u0026 then shake hands w/him.  Enclosing picture I took [not present]  Love, Charlie B.\"","L. E. Loyd, S 2/c, Div L, U.S.S. Arkansas, c/o Fleet P.O., NY, NY;  to Mr \u0026 Mrs Wm B Loyd, Sr, 41 Fairview St., Springfield, Mass. ; on Lewis E. Loyd, A.S., stationery w/monogram \u0026 US Navy, \u0026 printed address: Co. 556, U.S.N.T.S., Newport, R.I.  Passed by. . .Censor stamp on env.","\"Dear Folks, I'm censored, Can't write a thing, Just say that I'm well And sign my name. . .\nIn form of a poem, mentioning kinds of things can't do or write about.  Love, Lew.\"","Charles Jr. to Betty Jean, Chapin Rd, Hampden.  353 Bomb Sqd, 301st Bomb Gp, APO 520 NY; on Desert Hotel stationery, Spokane, Wash.  Passed by US Army Examiner stamp on env.","\"Nice to hear from you; letters much appreciated over here.  It's 8:15pm, just finished work; nice to sit down \u0026 write w/bottle of fairly good wine; we all work long hrs, but if you could see our result you'd understand why everyone is so eager to do a good job.  Ray is stationed in NJ; I'm glad he gets to see Mom every once in a while, for she gets quite lonesome.  Tell me more about this Navy man of yours.  Tell your Dad to be sure those engines are made right, for it's difference betw live or dead over here.  [Writes lyric of an English marching song: \"Bless 'em All\".]  Love, Charles Jr.\"","[Two paragraphs are circled w/red crayon, perhaps by censor.]","Charles Jr. to Betty Jean, Chapin Rd, Hampden.  353 Bomb Sqd, 301st Bomb Gp, APO 520 NY, not on DH stationery.","\"Afraid I can't jam a camel in my bag; they're huge \u0026 smell like a back house on a hot summer day; we have very cute 'Burros\", 3 feet from hoof to shoulder \u0026 covered w/thick fur; the Arabs put a ton of hay on them w/a rug on top \u0026 then climb up on them; looks like a moving haystack w/Mahatma Gandi sitting on top.  I smoke a pipe here, much to disgust of my tent mates; if you find one w/a large hole, I'd much appreciate; we get Am. tobacco here.  Can't write about most interesting parts of the war;  life here dull, monotonous, except for the work; sit around in evening \u0026 read or tell stories; after 10 mos of this, very tiresome.  Love, Charlie B.\"","Charles Jr. to Betty Jean, and BJB's address is Box 104, Hampden, MA. On Desert Hotel stationery.","\"Hurry along w/the picture for me; want to see what you look like now that you're grown up.  Thanks for the letter from my Dad to yours [not present]; interesting that 20, 40, \u0026 60 yrs ago people lived, played, \u0026 fought wars the same as now.  Have not heard of \"The Constant Nymph\" w/ Charles Boyer over here; personally I think Ch Boyer's brand of love is a bit windy \u0026 awfully sticky; I prefer the direct attack \u0026 the short answer system, just yes! or no!  Anyway I haven't rec'd any complaints on that sys and it works for me.  Who says you were gawky the last time I saw you; anyone not nearsighted would have seen you'll be darn cute if not beautiful, like your mother.  Time for me to get back to fighting the war, so I'll sign off; been overseas more than a year now: no fresh milk, doughnuts, Am beer, ice cream, or coca cola.  Give my best to all the folks.  Love, Charlie B.\"","Burleigh is Captain now; Betty Jean Burleigh's address is Glendale Rd, Hampden.","\"Got your long letter \u0026 the pic today; pic like that is what this Army needs to keep up morale; been 14 mos since I saw a pretty girl in shorts.  Writes of 3 small photos he encloses: Arab girl in robes and head cover, male Arab beggar, \u0026 CB in front of his Armament shop [a tent].  Here's a little dope on the philosophy of a Soldier; eat, drink, and play now for tomorrow you will have moved on; has no past and no hopes for the future; was never born \u0026 will never die; always happy for has a full stomach; if you want a good time, date a soldier, but don't take him seriously; have met many girls, but only two I've bothered to write to; wish I was going to that dance w/you; haven't danced since I left England.  Work here goes along, until I hate the sight of airplanes; wonder if I should have joined infantry; things are pretty smooth[?] w/the jump in rank; more paper signing, less physical work, so caught up on sleep and get into town once or twice a week.  Ever thought of going to college when you finish High School?  It's a great life, fun, 4 yrs of thrills.  Over here after lights out, you lie in bed and daydream of things you miss [a list], until you pass into a sweet sleep w/pleasant dreams.  Love, Charlie B.\"","Same addresses on a V-Mail, 3 ½ x 4[?]; looks like a photographic copy; envelope is postmarked New York, 1943-12-10 [sic], War \u0026 Navy Depts, V-Mail Service; Official business.","\"Wishing you a Merry Xmas \u0026 a Happy New Year; my early Christmas greeting to you \u0026 all the folks in Hampden; so busy here, not possible to write to all; you will have to give my wishes to others.  Love, Charlie B.\"","\"Was in Tunis other day for first time in several wks, w/Capt. Katz, wandering about town, in \u0026 out of Bars; found nothing we needed at Officers' PX; ice cream \u0026 sandwiches at the Red Cross; ate dinner and supper at the Tunisian Palace Hotel; home by truck at 8:30, for the town is closed a 9pm.","Go to bed early; get up at 4 or 5 every other morning, 6:30 other days \u0026 Sunday\nYou're hereby invited to Boston for a wedding when I get to the States; we'll have several evenings of parties, \u0026 fix you up with a date, making the best shows \u0026 dinner dances; sleep all day, play all night.  Best regards to all.  Love, Charlie B.\"","\"Another Merry Christmas wish to you.","Now I'm a very much engaged man even though I do not act it; supposed to be married (Boy I'm henpecked already) as soon as I hit the States; I hope you'll be present as one of the chief mourners; you can come up to Boston w/my Mom; will be some great times.\nWork here slowing up for the winter: fixing up our tent \u0026 getting ready for a big spring; still fight the war but has slacked off \u0026 we can get some sleep.\nAbout this country: a hell hole of filth \u0026 disease; once I get back in States, I'll stay there, probably in New England.","Wish you luck on your flying; lot of fun in a small place; these large ships are very monotonous, much like riding a train without the click of the rails; to be a good pilot, must know your engines.  Love, Charlie B.\"","\"Plans for a big time in Boston include you; will be very well chaperoned by myself, \u0026 escorted by a date, arranged by my girl.","You asked about my Army job: I'm Squadron Armament Officer; I take care of and repair all guns, bombs, ammo, gun turrets, bombsights, gun cameras, flares, flare pistols, and all small arms; also I'm Chemical Warfare \u0026 Base Defense Officer; have to check out all bombardiers \u0026 gunners, explain how to use equipment for best results ; supervise loading all bombs \u0026 ammo;","I do not fly in combat; my only flying is checking men \u0026 equipment in the air.\nWork itself is not hard, but changes, modifications, \u0026 little inventions we add for better performance make a lot of work \u0026 long hours.","Please send another picture of yourself.  Love, Charlie B.\"","Envelope is postmarked U.S.Postal Service No. 1, 1944-2-25 [sic], War \u0026 Navy Depts, V-Mail Service; Official business.","\"I've been 3 wks in the hospital w/yellow jaundice; doc says I'll be out of here in 3 or 4 days; I'm feeling fine.","A Sgt Thomas here is going on medical leave \u0026 may get to visit his folks in Westfield, Mass; I gave him Aunt Louise's \u0026 Aunt Ester's addresses so he can phone them and tell what goes on here \u0026 how I am; picked them 'cause they have phones, but told him to ask how he could call you.  Write your very best cousin ASAP.   Love, Charlie B.\"","\"Opened by U. S. Army Examiner\" tape detached from env.","\"So you want my girl's address: Miss Marcia Weatherill, 35 Temple Street, Arlington, Mass.  Drop Marci a line; I've told her to put you on the list as an extra special house guest for the wedding.","I'm out of the \"butcher shop', all well, back in action, raring to go.\nI can hardly keep up with you, for the rate you change boyfriends; good work: keep 'em on the run; I thought I had one on the run, but if it wasn't for 5000 miles of water I'd be a married man.","Sounds like you have an interesting course to follow at Tec High; when I get home I'll tell you how they fly \u0026 fight them over here.","Keeping busy here; it's now 19 mos of combat work for me; we work w/speed and at all hours; if not finished, work by flashlight at night.  Love, Charlies B.\"","\"Got your letter about your operation; it's good you had them out, for a flying person gets into some awful places; I'm still waiting for the letter you sent w/the pictures.\nBeen seeing the sights of Italy for two wks; just back to the outfit last night; traveling over here is fun \u0026 easy; go to an Officers' mess \u0026 eat all you want; I've covered most of England, Africa, and parts of Italy that way, \u0026 it works.","My chances of going home soon seem quite slim; kind of used to this life now and will be nicer w/warm weather coming, except for mosquitoes, malaria, flies \u0026 dysentery [about 'sirocco', wind \u0026 sand storm]  Love, Charlie B.","P.S.  Sgt Thomas didn't get home; he was sent back here.\"","On personal stationery w/his name \u0026 address printed on env \u0026 paper: Capt. Charles A. Burleigh, 0-434810 / 353 Bomb. Sqdn. 301 Bomb. Group. (H) A.A.F. / A. P. O. 520 c/o Postmaster / New York City, New York.  Image of a red plane on paper. [Had printed by an Italian in town.]","\"Sorry the pics you sent have never arrived.  School out soon \u0026 you'll have summer ahead; plans?  I have mighty large plans, but probably delayed 'cause so much work to do; enjoying life here but would trade it for a chicken dinner, Am beer, \u0026 a good dance orchestra.","Wonderful weather, but we work most evenings; get up betw 2 \u0026 6am; take turns lighting fire, then back in bed until tent warms up; usually midday we get a slack period \u0026 can rest up for the afternoon \u0026 evening work.  Write me soon.  Love, Charlie B.\"","\"Glad to get your letter after such a long time; \"your [you're?] a Wolf\": in all these letters you have a new man on the line or angling for one.","Keeping busy over here, and probably all summer; nothing new concerning me going home.\nDrew all kinds of rations in town today: 6 choc bars, 11 packs of tobacco, cigars and soap, and stuff; not the same war as in Africa [consistently spells it 'Africia']: if we got the soap, we couldn't get the water.  Life here pretty good, but looking forward to the States and all you \"Beautiful Female Wolves\".\"","\"Just finished long trip getting supplies I needed very badly.","According to latest rumors, I may be seeing you soon; 'soon' in Army means in next 3 mos.\nHave an unmounted cameo I'll bring to you; Italy is original home of cameos.\nMade another trip to rest camp last wk and did horse back riding and fishing, without much luck in either. Work here a little rough at times, but we lead a pretty good life.\nHoping to see you soon..  Love, Charlie B.\"","\"Got letter w/the 3 pics yesterday, and what a cousin I've got; very easy on the eyes; the extra 20 lbs seems to be in the right spots.","Hoping to be home in Sept; will stop in to see you on way to Boston; might feel lost among all the Eng-speaking people.  Tell your Dad we have the war in the bag: only a matter of time before we make the kill.  Sgt. Thomas is on way home; has promised to stop in and see you; if you have time, fix him a chicken dinner.\nI hope Aunt Dot is coming along all right.  Love, Charlie B.\"","Charlie B. to Betty Jean.  Capt. CAB, Headquarters 301 Bomb Gp (H) AAF, APO 520 c/o Postmaster N.Y., to Betty Jean Burleigh, Glendale Road, Hampden, Mass.","\"Been long time since I've written, but as you can see I've moved; lot of work to get used to has kept me busy.  Gave your address to a favorite Sgt to write you, a damned good looking man.","Have things well under control here \u0026 getting along fine; hope soon can go home, maybe Dec or Jan.  Love, Charlie B.\"","On U.S. Air Forces stationery.  No censor stamp on env.","\"Very glad to get your letter.","Will try to give you the dope on Sgt. Joe: he's around 23yo, about 5'7\" or 8\", 160 lbs, mostly well placed muscle; good looking, though his shoulders are too wide for his height; as smart as they come, full of hell \u0026 fun, a good man to have around for a party or a fight, but usually quiet spoken \u0026 a real gentleman.","Hope to be home early Feb if all goes well, though still nothing definite about it.\nGive my best to all the folks \u0026 write soon.  Love, Charlie B.\"","A V-Mail.  From Pete Podner[?] C.M. 3/c, U. S. S. Ricketts D. E. 254, c/o Fleet P.O. N.Y.C., to Miss Betty Burleigh, Glendale Road, Hampden, Mass.","\"Hi \"Lucky Strike\"; to stay on friendly side, thought I'd better answer your letters.\nI'm tops \u0026 so are all the rest of the gang; too bad we didn't have that snow-ball duel when I was in Mass.  Night life isn't good for you; you saw what happened to Dude Xmas Eve; Dude sends you his deepest love; he's got it pretty bad, and you are the cause; just kidding, but he does want me to say Hello for him.","If you see Peterson family, say Hello for me.  Always Pete.\"","Three small photographs were enclosed with Charles Burleigh's letter dated 1943 October 9; these three have annotations indicating \"Arab Woman of Better Type, July 1943\", \"Arab Begger [sic], July 1943\", and \"Charles A, Burleigh, Capt. A. C., Sept. 1943\".","The remaining forty-nine photographs are of varying sizes and have either brief annotations or no annotations.  Subjects are mainly military personnel and war zone sights.  Names appear on only one photograph of \"Corpsmen of Marine Fighter Squadron 311\".","One is a good conduct medal with ribbon, in addition to three gold-colored metal disks.  One disk is embossed with 'U.S.', and two have images of a triple-turreted castle, which is associated with U. S. Army engineers.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","Burleigh, Charles","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Charles Burleigh Papers, 1939/1945"],"collection_ssim":["Charles Burleigh Papers, 1939/1945"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS 00224","/repositories/2/resources/7733"],"unitid_tesim":["MS 00224","/repositories/2/resources/7733"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"creator_ssm":["Burleigh, Charles"],"creator_ssim":["Burleigh, Charles"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Burleigh, Charles"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Burleigh, Charles","Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Gary Barranger, class of '73 Law '76."],"access_subjects_ssim":["World War, 1939-1945"],"access_subjects_ssm":["World War, 1939-1945"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.25 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["0.25 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTwenty-three of the letters (1939-1944) were written by Charles A. Burleigh to his schoolgirl cousin Betty Jean Burleigh, who was living with her family in Hampden, Massachusetts.  Burleigh's first letter (1939) was from college in Durham, New Hampshire; three (1941) were from Oklahoma and Colorado during his training to be an aircraft armaments officer in the Army Air Forces; and the remainder (1943-1944) were from air bases in North Africa and Italy.  Burleigh was commissioned as a First Lieutenant and assigned to the 353rd Bombardment Squadron of the 301st Bombardment Group.  He was promoted to Captain in 1943.  The 353rd was a B-17 Flying Fortress squadron.  Burleigh was a ground-based officer who serviced the bombs, guns, and other armaments that the bombers carried.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Twenty-three of the letters (1939-1944) were written by Charles A. Burleigh to his schoolgirl cousin Betty Jean Burleigh, who was living with her family in Hampden, Massachusetts.  Burleigh's first letter (1939) was from college in Durham, New Hampshire; three (1941) were from Oklahoma and Colorado during his training to be an aircraft armaments officer in the Army Air Forces; and the remainder (1943-1944) were from air bases in North Africa and Italy.  Burleigh was commissioned as a First Lieutenant and assigned to the 353rd Bombardment Squadron of the 301st Bombardment Group.  He was promoted to Captain in 1943.  The 353rd was a B-17 Flying Fortress squadron.  Burleigh was a ground-based officer who serviced the bombs, guns, and other armaments that the bombers carried."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTwenty-six letters written by four U. S. servicemen during World War II, plus fifty-two photographs and four artifacts.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharles Burleigh's letters are short and chatty.  He wrote about his work in general, with frequent references to being tired, but he never mentioned the B-17s or their missions.  He commented on living conditions, the dearth of comforts, camels, Arabs, and the relatively better situation in Italy.  He wrote about activities during breaks, including day trips into Tunis and sightseeing in Italy.  He spent three weeks in a hospital with yellow jaundice.  He was engaged to be married when he returned to the U. S., which, as of his last letter in December 1944, he expected to be in February 1945.  In response to letters and photos he received from Betty Jean, Burleigh sometimes mentioned her interests in horses, flying, and boys.  A torn fragment of an unfinished letter was in the envelope with Charles Burleigh's letter postmarked 1941 November 14; it possibly was the start of a reply from Betty Jean.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThree letters in this collection were written by three other servicemen.  Two brothers, L. E. \"Lew\" Loyd and Cpl. Jimmy W. Loyd, wrote to their parents in Springfield, Massachusetts.  Lew Loyd wrote from the USS Arkansas (1943 May 8); his letter is in the form of a poem about the restraints imposed by wartime censorship.  Jimmy Loyd was a petroleum distribution officer based in South Asia (789th Engineer Petroleum Distribution Company); he wrote (1944 September 4) about managing a warehouse and his pending divorce.  Pete Podner[?] served on the USS Ricketts, a convoy escort vessel; in his letter to Betty Jean Burleigh (1945 February 28), he mentioned having visited her in Massachusetts just before Christmas.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eCharlie B[urleigh] to Betty, on roommate's stationery (Franklin Mullon [Moon], S.A.E. House, Durham, NH)    [Univ of New Hampshire?]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Went sailing w/Moon \u0026amp; another boy; boat tipped over; rescued; was very cold; should have worn rubbers; bet Aunt Dot makes you wear yours when wet out.  How are your kittens?  How is Barbara \u0026amp; \"Mush-face\"?  How did operetta come out? Well, \"Little one\", I must get to work or will never become a forester \u0026amp; ride a big white horse.  Thank your Mom \u0026amp; Dad for taking good care of me.  Love, Charlie B.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharlie B, to Miss Betty Jean B, Hampden, Mass.  Return: C.A.B. Jr., SACTD, Box 2649, Barracks #10, Tulsa, Okla.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Have seen cowboys, not as goodlooking as in movies; wear tall hats \u0026amp;high boots, but otherwise kind of dirty; their horses are smaller than riding horses in east, but kept in better condition, healthier, happier.  Not doing any more flying; to be transferred to Airplane Armament; may get leave for couple wks, or may go directly to Lowry Field, Denver.  You asked who was my girl; have one in Main, last June; she may be waiting for me to come east, but can't be sure; in the Army, especially the air corps, you can't worry about girls, for too many things come first.  In the Armament branch I'll be in charge of all the bombs, machine guns \u0026amp; 37mm guns on the plane; have to have 7 mos training; hope to enter Sept 15 class; if not will get couple wks leave to come home.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharlie B to Betty Jean, Hampden.  Air Corps Technical School, Lowry Field, CO; A/C Charles A. Burleigh\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Sorry haven't written; been very busy; Armament school gets more complicated, so more studying.  Take weekends off to go hunting \u0026amp; see the country.  Met a few cowboys; some are illiterate.  Got letter from Aunt Ester.  Sent   the Breck boys a picture of me like the one you have.  Things looking good now, so might be commissioned Jan or Feb; just finished wk of machine gunning \u0026amp; now working w/airplane bombing.  Beautiful weather last couple wks, and beautiful view of mts.  Get up 3am \u0026amp; go to school to 12:30pm; grunts \u0026amp; groans of 150 men trying to pull selves out of bed.  Give my regards to your sister \u0026amp; your Mom \u0026amp; Dad.  Love, Charlie B.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnclosed[?]:  A torn page of the beginning of a letter to \"Junior\", dated 1941-11-17, from Chapin Road, Hampden, MA:  Wish you could be here for Thanksgiving.  [Stops halfway down page in mid-sentence.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDenver, to Betty Jean B, Hampden, on Lowry Field stationery\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Rec'd your letter; am interested in Westover[?] field \u0026amp; the bombing practice you have had.  Food here very good, but miss home cooking.  Just about finished w/class; all are pleased to be getting commissions early; can hardly wait to get into an officer's uniform.  Weekends off, go into Denver to big Cadet Club w/lots of activities.  The mts are beautiful at Sunrise.  Might see you this Christmas if I get up near Hampden.  Love, Charlie B.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTo BJB, Chapin Rd, Hampden, from 1st Lt. Charles A. Burleigh 0-434810[?], 353 Bomb Sqd., A.P.O. 520 c/o Postmaster, NY\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Been years since I last wrote, though I dropped you a card in England; it is this war, that keeps us moving day \u0026amp; night.  I hear things have happened to Burleigh family; Aunt Louise wrote that Molly is married.  Yes, there are camels in Africia [sic]; we have them here \u0026amp; lots of little burros.  The Arabs look like in books, only more ragged \u0026amp; dirty; head of the town is old dignified Arab w/beautiful white flowing robes; all the townsmen kiss his turban \u0026amp; then shake hands w/him.  Enclosing picture I took [not present]  Love, Charlie B.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eL. E. Loyd, S 2/c, Div L, U.S.S. Arkansas, c/o Fleet P.O., NY, NY;  to Mr \u0026amp; Mrs Wm B Loyd, Sr, 41 Fairview St., Springfield, Mass. ; on Lewis E. Loyd, A.S., stationery w/monogram \u0026amp; US Navy, \u0026amp; printed address: Co. 556, U.S.N.T.S., Newport, R.I.  Passed by. . .Censor stamp on env.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Dear Folks, I'm censored, Can't write a thing, Just say that I'm well And sign my name. . .\nIn form of a poem, mentioning kinds of things can't do or write about.  Love, Lew.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharles Jr. to Betty Jean, Chapin Rd, Hampden.  353 Bomb Sqd, 301st Bomb Gp, APO 520 NY; on Desert Hotel stationery, Spokane, Wash.  Passed by US Army Examiner stamp on env.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Nice to hear from you; letters much appreciated over here.  It's 8:15pm, just finished work; nice to sit down \u0026amp; write w/bottle of fairly good wine; we all work long hrs, but if you could see our result you'd understand why everyone is so eager to do a good job.  Ray is stationed in NJ; I'm glad he gets to see Mom every once in a while, for she gets quite lonesome.  Tell me more about this Navy man of yours.  Tell your Dad to be sure those engines are made right, for it's difference betw live or dead over here.  [Writes lyric of an English marching song: \"Bless 'em All\".]  Love, Charles Jr.\"   \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Two paragraphs are circled w/red crayon, perhaps by censor.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharles Jr. to Betty Jean, Chapin Rd, Hampden.  353 Bomb Sqd, 301st Bomb Gp, APO 520 NY, not on DH stationery.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Afraid I can't jam a camel in my bag; they're huge \u0026amp; smell like a back house on a hot summer day; we have very cute 'Burros\", 3 feet from hoof to shoulder \u0026amp; covered w/thick fur; the Arabs put a ton of hay on them w/a rug on top \u0026amp; then climb up on them; looks like a moving haystack w/Mahatma Gandi sitting on top.  I smoke a pipe here, much to disgust of my tent mates; if you find one w/a large hole, I'd much appreciate; we get Am. tobacco here.  Can't write about most interesting parts of the war;  life here dull, monotonous, except for the work; sit around in evening \u0026amp; read or tell stories; after 10 mos of this, very tiresome.  Love, Charlie B.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharles Jr. to Betty Jean, and BJB's address is Box 104, Hampden, MA. On Desert Hotel stationery. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Hurry along w/the picture for me; want to see what you look like now that you're grown up.  Thanks for the letter from my Dad to yours [not present]; interesting that 20, 40, \u0026amp; 60 yrs ago people lived, played, \u0026amp; fought wars the same as now.  Have not heard of \"The Constant Nymph\" w/ Charles Boyer over here; personally I think Ch Boyer's brand of love is a bit windy \u0026amp; awfully sticky; I prefer the direct attack \u0026amp; the short answer system, just yes! or no!  Anyway I haven't rec'd any complaints on that sys and it works for me.  Who says you were gawky the last time I saw you; anyone not nearsighted would have seen you'll be darn cute if not beautiful, like your mother.  Time for me to get back to fighting the war, so I'll sign off; been overseas more than a year now: no fresh milk, doughnuts, Am beer, ice cream, or coca cola.  Give my best to all the folks.  Love, Charlie B.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBurleigh is Captain now; Betty Jean Burleigh's address is Glendale Rd, Hampden.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Got your long letter \u0026amp; the pic today; pic like that is what this Army needs to keep up morale; been 14 mos since I saw a pretty girl in shorts.  Writes of 3 small photos he encloses: Arab girl in robes and head cover, male Arab beggar, \u0026amp; CB in front of his Armament shop [a tent].  Here's a little dope on the philosophy of a Soldier; eat, drink, and play now for tomorrow you will have moved on; has no past and no hopes for the future; was never born \u0026amp; will never die; always happy for has a full stomach; if you want a good time, date a soldier, but don't take him seriously; have met many girls, but only two I've bothered to write to; wish I was going to that dance w/you; haven't danced since I left England.  Work here goes along, until I hate the sight of airplanes; wonder if I should have joined infantry; things are pretty smooth[?] w/the jump in rank; more paper signing, less physical work, so caught up on sleep and get into town once or twice a week.  Ever thought of going to college when you finish High School?  It's a great life, fun, 4 yrs of thrills.  Over here after lights out, you lie in bed and daydream of things you miss [a list], until you pass into a sweet sleep w/pleasant dreams.  Love, Charlie B.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSame addresses on a V-Mail, 3 ½ x 4[?]; looks like a photographic copy; envelope is postmarked New York, 1943-12-10 [sic], War \u0026amp; Navy Depts, V-Mail Service; Official business.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Wishing you a Merry Xmas \u0026amp; a Happy New Year; my early Christmas greeting to you \u0026amp; all the folks in Hampden; so busy here, not possible to write to all; you will have to give my wishes to others.  Love, Charlie B.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Was in Tunis other day for first time in several wks, w/Capt. Katz, wandering about town, in \u0026amp; out of Bars; found nothing we needed at Officers' PX; ice cream \u0026amp; sandwiches at the Red Cross; ate dinner and supper at the Tunisian Palace Hotel; home by truck at 8:30, for the town is closed a 9pm.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGo to bed early; get up at 4 or 5 every other morning, 6:30 other days \u0026amp; Sunday\nYou're hereby invited to Boston for a wedding when I get to the States; we'll have several evenings of parties, \u0026amp; fix you up with a date, making the best shows \u0026amp; dinner dances; sleep all day, play all night.  Best regards to all.  Love, Charlie B.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Another Merry Christmas wish to you.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNow I'm a very much engaged man even though I do not act it; supposed to be married (Boy I'm henpecked already) as soon as I hit the States; I hope you'll be present as one of the chief mourners; you can come up to Boston w/my Mom; will be some great times.\nWork here slowing up for the winter: fixing up our tent \u0026amp; getting ready for a big spring; still fight the war but has slacked off \u0026amp; we can get some sleep.\nAbout this country: a hell hole of filth \u0026amp; disease; once I get back in States, I'll stay there, probably in New England.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWish you luck on your flying; lot of fun in a small place; these large ships are very monotonous, much like riding a train without the click of the rails; to be a good pilot, must know your engines.  Love, Charlie B.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Plans for a big time in Boston include you; will be very well chaperoned by myself, \u0026amp; escorted by a date, arranged by my girl.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eYou asked about my Army job: I'm Squadron Armament Officer; I take care of and repair all guns, bombs, ammo, gun turrets, bombsights, gun cameras, flares, flare pistols, and all small arms; also I'm Chemical Warfare \u0026amp; Base Defense Officer; have to check out all bombardiers \u0026amp; gunners, explain how to use equipment for best results ; supervise loading all bombs \u0026amp; ammo;\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI do not fly in combat; my only flying is checking men \u0026amp; equipment in the air.\nWork itself is not hard, but changes, modifications, \u0026amp; little inventions we add for better performance make a lot of work \u0026amp; long hours.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePlease send another picture of yourself.  Love, Charlie B.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnvelope is postmarked U.S.Postal Service No. 1, 1944-2-25 [sic], War \u0026amp; Navy Depts, V-Mail Service; Official business.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"I've been 3 wks in the hospital w/yellow jaundice; doc says I'll be out of here in 3 or 4 days; I'm feeling fine.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA Sgt Thomas here is going on medical leave \u0026amp; may get to visit his folks in Westfield, Mass; I gave him Aunt Louise's \u0026amp; Aunt Ester's addresses so he can phone them and tell what goes on here \u0026amp; how I am; picked them 'cause they have phones, but told him to ask how he could call you.  Write your very best cousin ASAP.   Love, Charlie B.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Opened by U. S. Army Examiner\" tape detached from env.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"So you want my girl's address: Miss Marcia Weatherill, 35 Temple Street, Arlington, Mass.  Drop Marci a line; I've told her to put you on the list as an extra special house guest for the wedding.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI'm out of the \"butcher shop', all well, back in action, raring to go.\nI can hardly keep up with you, for the rate you change boyfriends; good work: keep 'em on the run; I thought I had one on the run, but if it wasn't for 5000 miles of water I'd be a married man.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSounds like you have an interesting course to follow at Tec High; when I get home I'll tell you how they fly \u0026amp; fight them over here.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eKeeping busy here; it's now 19 mos of combat work for me; we work w/speed and at all hours; if not finished, work by flashlight at night.  Love, Charlies B.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Got your letter about your operation; it's good you had them out, for a flying person gets into some awful places; I'm still waiting for the letter you sent w/the pictures.\nBeen seeing the sights of Italy for two wks; just back to the outfit last night; traveling over here is fun \u0026amp; easy; go to an Officers' mess \u0026amp; eat all you want; I've covered most of England, Africa, and parts of Italy that way, \u0026amp; it works.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMy chances of going home soon seem quite slim; kind of used to this life now and will be nicer w/warm weather coming, except for mosquitoes, malaria, flies \u0026amp; dysentery [about 'sirocco', wind \u0026amp; sand storm]  Love, Charlie B.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eP.S.  Sgt Thomas didn't get home; he was sent back here.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn personal stationery w/his name \u0026amp; address printed on env \u0026amp; paper: Capt. Charles A. Burleigh, 0-434810 / 353 Bomb. Sqdn. 301 Bomb. Group. (H) A.A.F. / A. P. O. 520 c/o Postmaster / New York City, New York.  Image of a red plane on paper. [Had printed by an Italian in town.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Sorry the pics you sent have never arrived.  School out soon \u0026amp; you'll have summer ahead; plans?  I have mighty large plans, but probably delayed 'cause so much work to do; enjoying life here but would trade it for a chicken dinner, Am beer, \u0026amp; a good dance orchestra.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWonderful weather, but we work most evenings; get up betw 2 \u0026amp; 6am; take turns lighting fire, then back in bed until tent warms up; usually midday we get a slack period \u0026amp; can rest up for the afternoon \u0026amp; evening work.  Write me soon.  Love, Charlie B.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Glad to get your letter after such a long time; \"your [you're?] a Wolf\": in all these letters you have a new man on the line or angling for one.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eKeeping busy over here, and probably all summer; nothing new concerning me going home.\nDrew all kinds of rations in town today: 6 choc bars, 11 packs of tobacco, cigars and soap, and stuff; not the same war as in Africa [consistently spells it 'Africia']: if we got the soap, we couldn't get the water.  Life here pretty good, but looking forward to the States and all you \"Beautiful Female Wolves\".\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Just finished long trip getting supplies I needed very badly.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccording to latest rumors, I may be seeing you soon; 'soon' in Army means in next 3 mos.\nHave an unmounted cameo I'll bring to you; Italy is original home of cameos.\nMade another trip to rest camp last wk and did horse back riding and fishing, without much luck in either. Work here a little rough at times, but we lead a pretty good life.\nHoping to see you soon..  Love, Charlie B.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Got letter w/the 3 pics yesterday, and what a cousin I've got; very easy on the eyes; the extra 20 lbs seems to be in the right spots.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHoping to be home in Sept; will stop in to see you on way to Boston; might feel lost among all the Eng-speaking people.  Tell your Dad we have the war in the bag: only a matter of time before we make the kill.  Sgt. Thomas is on way home; has promised to stop in and see you; if you have time, fix him a chicken dinner.\nI hope Aunt Dot is coming along all right.  Love, Charlie B.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharlie B. to Betty Jean.  Capt. CAB, Headquarters 301 Bomb Gp (H) AAF, APO 520 c/o Postmaster N.Y., to Betty Jean Burleigh, Glendale Road, Hampden, Mass.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Been long time since I've written, but as you can see I've moved; lot of work to get used to has kept me busy.  Gave your address to a favorite Sgt to write you, a damned good looking man.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHave things well under control here \u0026amp; getting along fine; hope soon can go home, maybe Dec or Jan.  Love, Charlie B.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn U.S. Air Forces stationery.  No censor stamp on env.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Very glad to get your letter.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWill try to give you the dope on Sgt. Joe: he's around 23yo, about 5'7\" or 8\", 160 lbs, mostly well placed muscle; good looking, though his shoulders are too wide for his height; as smart as they come, full of hell \u0026amp; fun, a good man to have around for a party or a fight, but usually quiet spoken \u0026amp; a real gentleman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHope to be home early Feb if all goes well, though still nothing definite about it.\nGive my best to all the folks \u0026amp; write soon.  Love, Charlie B.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA V-Mail.  From Pete Podner[?] C.M. 3/c, U. S. S. Ricketts D. E. 254, c/o Fleet P.O. N.Y.C., to Miss Betty Burleigh, Glendale Road, Hampden, Mass.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Hi \"Lucky Strike\"; to stay on friendly side, thought I'd better answer your letters.\nI'm tops \u0026amp; so are all the rest of the gang; too bad we didn't have that snow-ball duel when I was in Mass.  Night life isn't good for you; you saw what happened to Dude Xmas Eve; Dude sends you his deepest love; he's got it pretty bad, and you are the cause; just kidding, but he does want me to say Hello for him.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIf you see Peterson family, say Hello for me.  Always Pete.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThree small photographs were enclosed with Charles Burleigh's letter dated 1943 October 9; these three have annotations indicating \"Arab Woman of Better Type, July 1943\", \"Arab Begger [sic], July 1943\", and \"Charles A, Burleigh, Capt. A. C., Sept. 1943\".  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe remaining forty-nine photographs are of varying sizes and have either brief annotations or no annotations.  Subjects are mainly military personnel and war zone sights.  Names appear on only one photograph of \"Corpsmen of Marine Fighter Squadron 311\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOne is a good conduct medal with ribbon, in addition to three gold-colored metal disks.  One disk is embossed with 'U.S.', and two have images of a triple-turreted castle, which is associated with U. S. Army engineers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Twenty-six letters written by four U. S. servicemen during World War II, plus fifty-two photographs and four artifacts.","Charles Burleigh's letters are short and chatty.  He wrote about his work in general, with frequent references to being tired, but he never mentioned the B-17s or their missions.  He commented on living conditions, the dearth of comforts, camels, Arabs, and the relatively better situation in Italy.  He wrote about activities during breaks, including day trips into Tunis and sightseeing in Italy.  He spent three weeks in a hospital with yellow jaundice.  He was engaged to be married when he returned to the U. S., which, as of his last letter in December 1944, he expected to be in February 1945.  In response to letters and photos he received from Betty Jean, Burleigh sometimes mentioned her interests in horses, flying, and boys.  A torn fragment of an unfinished letter was in the envelope with Charles Burleigh's letter postmarked 1941 November 14; it possibly was the start of a reply from Betty Jean.","Three letters in this collection were written by three other servicemen.  Two brothers, L. E. \"Lew\" Loyd and Cpl. Jimmy W. Loyd, wrote to their parents in Springfield, Massachusetts.  Lew Loyd wrote from the USS Arkansas (1943 May 8); his letter is in the form of a poem about the restraints imposed by wartime censorship.  Jimmy Loyd was a petroleum distribution officer based in South Asia (789th Engineer Petroleum Distribution Company); he wrote (1944 September 4) about managing a warehouse and his pending divorce.  Pete Podner[?] served on the USS Ricketts, a convoy escort vessel; in his letter to Betty Jean Burleigh (1945 February 28), he mentioned having visited her in Massachusetts just before Christmas.","Charlie B[urleigh] to Betty, on roommate's stationery (Franklin Mullon [Moon], S.A.E. House, Durham, NH)    [Univ of New Hampshire?]","\"Went sailing w/Moon \u0026 another boy; boat tipped over; rescued; was very cold; should have worn rubbers; bet Aunt Dot makes you wear yours when wet out.  How are your kittens?  How is Barbara \u0026 \"Mush-face\"?  How did operetta come out? Well, \"Little one\", I must get to work or will never become a forester \u0026 ride a big white horse.  Thank your Mom \u0026 Dad for taking good care of me.  Love, Charlie B.\"","Charlie B, to Miss Betty Jean B, Hampden, Mass.  Return: C.A.B. Jr., SACTD, Box 2649, Barracks #10, Tulsa, Okla.","\"Have seen cowboys, not as goodlooking as in movies; wear tall hats \u0026high boots, but otherwise kind of dirty; their horses are smaller than riding horses in east, but kept in better condition, healthier, happier.  Not doing any more flying; to be transferred to Airplane Armament; may get leave for couple wks, or may go directly to Lowry Field, Denver.  You asked who was my girl; have one in Main, last June; she may be waiting for me to come east, but can't be sure; in the Army, especially the air corps, you can't worry about girls, for too many things come first.  In the Armament branch I'll be in charge of all the bombs, machine guns \u0026 37mm guns on the plane; have to have 7 mos training; hope to enter Sept 15 class; if not will get couple wks leave to come home.\"","Charlie B to Betty Jean, Hampden.  Air Corps Technical School, Lowry Field, CO; A/C Charles A. Burleigh","\"Sorry haven't written; been very busy; Armament school gets more complicated, so more studying.  Take weekends off to go hunting \u0026 see the country.  Met a few cowboys; some are illiterate.  Got letter from Aunt Ester.  Sent   the Breck boys a picture of me like the one you have.  Things looking good now, so might be commissioned Jan or Feb; just finished wk of machine gunning \u0026 now working w/airplane bombing.  Beautiful weather last couple wks, and beautiful view of mts.  Get up 3am \u0026 go to school to 12:30pm; grunts \u0026 groans of 150 men trying to pull selves out of bed.  Give my regards to your sister \u0026 your Mom \u0026 Dad.  Love, Charlie B.\"","Enclosed[?]:  A torn page of the beginning of a letter to \"Junior\", dated 1941-11-17, from Chapin Road, Hampden, MA:  Wish you could be here for Thanksgiving.  [Stops halfway down page in mid-sentence.]","Denver, to Betty Jean B, Hampden, on Lowry Field stationery","\"Rec'd your letter; am interested in Westover[?] field \u0026 the bombing practice you have had.  Food here very good, but miss home cooking.  Just about finished w/class; all are pleased to be getting commissions early; can hardly wait to get into an officer's uniform.  Weekends off, go into Denver to big Cadet Club w/lots of activities.  The mts are beautiful at Sunrise.  Might see you this Christmas if I get up near Hampden.  Love, Charlie B.\"","To BJB, Chapin Rd, Hampden, from 1st Lt. Charles A. Burleigh 0-434810[?], 353 Bomb Sqd., A.P.O. 520 c/o Postmaster, NY","\"Been years since I last wrote, though I dropped you a card in England; it is this war, that keeps us moving day \u0026 night.  I hear things have happened to Burleigh family; Aunt Louise wrote that Molly is married.  Yes, there are camels in Africia [sic]; we have them here \u0026 lots of little burros.  The Arabs look like in books, only more ragged \u0026 dirty; head of the town is old dignified Arab w/beautiful white flowing robes; all the townsmen kiss his turban \u0026 then shake hands w/him.  Enclosing picture I took [not present]  Love, Charlie B.\"","L. E. Loyd, S 2/c, Div L, U.S.S. Arkansas, c/o Fleet P.O., NY, NY;  to Mr \u0026 Mrs Wm B Loyd, Sr, 41 Fairview St., Springfield, Mass. ; on Lewis E. Loyd, A.S., stationery w/monogram \u0026 US Navy, \u0026 printed address: Co. 556, U.S.N.T.S., Newport, R.I.  Passed by. . .Censor stamp on env.","\"Dear Folks, I'm censored, Can't write a thing, Just say that I'm well And sign my name. . .\nIn form of a poem, mentioning kinds of things can't do or write about.  Love, Lew.\"","Charles Jr. to Betty Jean, Chapin Rd, Hampden.  353 Bomb Sqd, 301st Bomb Gp, APO 520 NY; on Desert Hotel stationery, Spokane, Wash.  Passed by US Army Examiner stamp on env.","\"Nice to hear from you; letters much appreciated over here.  It's 8:15pm, just finished work; nice to sit down \u0026 write w/bottle of fairly good wine; we all work long hrs, but if you could see our result you'd understand why everyone is so eager to do a good job.  Ray is stationed in NJ; I'm glad he gets to see Mom every once in a while, for she gets quite lonesome.  Tell me more about this Navy man of yours.  Tell your Dad to be sure those engines are made right, for it's difference betw live or dead over here.  [Writes lyric of an English marching song: \"Bless 'em All\".]  Love, Charles Jr.\"","[Two paragraphs are circled w/red crayon, perhaps by censor.]","Charles Jr. to Betty Jean, Chapin Rd, Hampden.  353 Bomb Sqd, 301st Bomb Gp, APO 520 NY, not on DH stationery.","\"Afraid I can't jam a camel in my bag; they're huge \u0026 smell like a back house on a hot summer day; we have very cute 'Burros\", 3 feet from hoof to shoulder \u0026 covered w/thick fur; the Arabs put a ton of hay on them w/a rug on top \u0026 then climb up on them; looks like a moving haystack w/Mahatma Gandi sitting on top.  I smoke a pipe here, much to disgust of my tent mates; if you find one w/a large hole, I'd much appreciate; we get Am. tobacco here.  Can't write about most interesting parts of the war;  life here dull, monotonous, except for the work; sit around in evening \u0026 read or tell stories; after 10 mos of this, very tiresome.  Love, Charlie B.\"","Charles Jr. to Betty Jean, and BJB's address is Box 104, Hampden, MA. On Desert Hotel stationery.","\"Hurry along w/the picture for me; want to see what you look like now that you're grown up.  Thanks for the letter from my Dad to yours [not present]; interesting that 20, 40, \u0026 60 yrs ago people lived, played, \u0026 fought wars the same as now.  Have not heard of \"The Constant Nymph\" w/ Charles Boyer over here; personally I think Ch Boyer's brand of love is a bit windy \u0026 awfully sticky; I prefer the direct attack \u0026 the short answer system, just yes! or no!  Anyway I haven't rec'd any complaints on that sys and it works for me.  Who says you were gawky the last time I saw you; anyone not nearsighted would have seen you'll be darn cute if not beautiful, like your mother.  Time for me to get back to fighting the war, so I'll sign off; been overseas more than a year now: no fresh milk, doughnuts, Am beer, ice cream, or coca cola.  Give my best to all the folks.  Love, Charlie B.\"","Burleigh is Captain now; Betty Jean Burleigh's address is Glendale Rd, Hampden.","\"Got your long letter \u0026 the pic today; pic like that is what this Army needs to keep up morale; been 14 mos since I saw a pretty girl in shorts.  Writes of 3 small photos he encloses: Arab girl in robes and head cover, male Arab beggar, \u0026 CB in front of his Armament shop [a tent].  Here's a little dope on the philosophy of a Soldier; eat, drink, and play now for tomorrow you will have moved on; has no past and no hopes for the future; was never born \u0026 will never die; always happy for has a full stomach; if you want a good time, date a soldier, but don't take him seriously; have met many girls, but only two I've bothered to write to; wish I was going to that dance w/you; haven't danced since I left England.  Work here goes along, until I hate the sight of airplanes; wonder if I should have joined infantry; things are pretty smooth[?] w/the jump in rank; more paper signing, less physical work, so caught up on sleep and get into town once or twice a week.  Ever thought of going to college when you finish High School?  It's a great life, fun, 4 yrs of thrills.  Over here after lights out, you lie in bed and daydream of things you miss [a list], until you pass into a sweet sleep w/pleasant dreams.  Love, Charlie B.\"","Same addresses on a V-Mail, 3 ½ x 4[?]; looks like a photographic copy; envelope is postmarked New York, 1943-12-10 [sic], War \u0026 Navy Depts, V-Mail Service; Official business.","\"Wishing you a Merry Xmas \u0026 a Happy New Year; my early Christmas greeting to you \u0026 all the folks in Hampden; so busy here, not possible to write to all; you will have to give my wishes to others.  Love, Charlie B.\"","\"Was in Tunis other day for first time in several wks, w/Capt. Katz, wandering about town, in \u0026 out of Bars; found nothing we needed at Officers' PX; ice cream \u0026 sandwiches at the Red Cross; ate dinner and supper at the Tunisian Palace Hotel; home by truck at 8:30, for the town is closed a 9pm.","Go to bed early; get up at 4 or 5 every other morning, 6:30 other days \u0026 Sunday\nYou're hereby invited to Boston for a wedding when I get to the States; we'll have several evenings of parties, \u0026 fix you up with a date, making the best shows \u0026 dinner dances; sleep all day, play all night.  Best regards to all.  Love, Charlie B.\"","\"Another Merry Christmas wish to you.","Now I'm a very much engaged man even though I do not act it; supposed to be married (Boy I'm henpecked already) as soon as I hit the States; I hope you'll be present as one of the chief mourners; you can come up to Boston w/my Mom; will be some great times.\nWork here slowing up for the winter: fixing up our tent \u0026 getting ready for a big spring; still fight the war but has slacked off \u0026 we can get some sleep.\nAbout this country: a hell hole of filth \u0026 disease; once I get back in States, I'll stay there, probably in New England.","Wish you luck on your flying; lot of fun in a small place; these large ships are very monotonous, much like riding a train without the click of the rails; to be a good pilot, must know your engines.  Love, Charlie B.\"","\"Plans for a big time in Boston include you; will be very well chaperoned by myself, \u0026 escorted by a date, arranged by my girl.","You asked about my Army job: I'm Squadron Armament Officer; I take care of and repair all guns, bombs, ammo, gun turrets, bombsights, gun cameras, flares, flare pistols, and all small arms; also I'm Chemical Warfare \u0026 Base Defense Officer; have to check out all bombardiers \u0026 gunners, explain how to use equipment for best results ; supervise loading all bombs \u0026 ammo;","I do not fly in combat; my only flying is checking men \u0026 equipment in the air.\nWork itself is not hard, but changes, modifications, \u0026 little inventions we add for better performance make a lot of work \u0026 long hours.","Please send another picture of yourself.  Love, Charlie B.\"","Envelope is postmarked U.S.Postal Service No. 1, 1944-2-25 [sic], War \u0026 Navy Depts, V-Mail Service; Official business.","\"I've been 3 wks in the hospital w/yellow jaundice; doc says I'll be out of here in 3 or 4 days; I'm feeling fine.","A Sgt Thomas here is going on medical leave \u0026 may get to visit his folks in Westfield, Mass; I gave him Aunt Louise's \u0026 Aunt Ester's addresses so he can phone them and tell what goes on here \u0026 how I am; picked them 'cause they have phones, but told him to ask how he could call you.  Write your very best cousin ASAP.   Love, Charlie B.\"","\"Opened by U. S. Army Examiner\" tape detached from env.","\"So you want my girl's address: Miss Marcia Weatherill, 35 Temple Street, Arlington, Mass.  Drop Marci a line; I've told her to put you on the list as an extra special house guest for the wedding.","I'm out of the \"butcher shop', all well, back in action, raring to go.\nI can hardly keep up with you, for the rate you change boyfriends; good work: keep 'em on the run; I thought I had one on the run, but if it wasn't for 5000 miles of water I'd be a married man.","Sounds like you have an interesting course to follow at Tec High; when I get home I'll tell you how they fly \u0026 fight them over here.","Keeping busy here; it's now 19 mos of combat work for me; we work w/speed and at all hours; if not finished, work by flashlight at night.  Love, Charlies B.\"","\"Got your letter about your operation; it's good you had them out, for a flying person gets into some awful places; I'm still waiting for the letter you sent w/the pictures.\nBeen seeing the sights of Italy for two wks; just back to the outfit last night; traveling over here is fun \u0026 easy; go to an Officers' mess \u0026 eat all you want; I've covered most of England, Africa, and parts of Italy that way, \u0026 it works.","My chances of going home soon seem quite slim; kind of used to this life now and will be nicer w/warm weather coming, except for mosquitoes, malaria, flies \u0026 dysentery [about 'sirocco', wind \u0026 sand storm]  Love, Charlie B.","P.S.  Sgt Thomas didn't get home; he was sent back here.\"","On personal stationery w/his name \u0026 address printed on env \u0026 paper: Capt. Charles A. Burleigh, 0-434810 / 353 Bomb. Sqdn. 301 Bomb. Group. (H) A.A.F. / A. P. O. 520 c/o Postmaster / New York City, New York.  Image of a red plane on paper. [Had printed by an Italian in town.]","\"Sorry the pics you sent have never arrived.  School out soon \u0026 you'll have summer ahead; plans?  I have mighty large plans, but probably delayed 'cause so much work to do; enjoying life here but would trade it for a chicken dinner, Am beer, \u0026 a good dance orchestra.","Wonderful weather, but we work most evenings; get up betw 2 \u0026 6am; take turns lighting fire, then back in bed until tent warms up; usually midday we get a slack period \u0026 can rest up for the afternoon \u0026 evening work.  Write me soon.  Love, Charlie B.\"","\"Glad to get your letter after such a long time; \"your [you're?] a Wolf\": in all these letters you have a new man on the line or angling for one.","Keeping busy over here, and probably all summer; nothing new concerning me going home.\nDrew all kinds of rations in town today: 6 choc bars, 11 packs of tobacco, cigars and soap, and stuff; not the same war as in Africa [consistently spells it 'Africia']: if we got the soap, we couldn't get the water.  Life here pretty good, but looking forward to the States and all you \"Beautiful Female Wolves\".\"","\"Just finished long trip getting supplies I needed very badly.","According to latest rumors, I may be seeing you soon; 'soon' in Army means in next 3 mos.\nHave an unmounted cameo I'll bring to you; Italy is original home of cameos.\nMade another trip to rest camp last wk and did horse back riding and fishing, without much luck in either. Work here a little rough at times, but we lead a pretty good life.\nHoping to see you soon..  Love, Charlie B.\"","\"Got letter w/the 3 pics yesterday, and what a cousin I've got; very easy on the eyes; the extra 20 lbs seems to be in the right spots.","Hoping to be home in Sept; will stop in to see you on way to Boston; might feel lost among all the Eng-speaking people.  Tell your Dad we have the war in the bag: only a matter of time before we make the kill.  Sgt. Thomas is on way home; has promised to stop in and see you; if you have time, fix him a chicken dinner.\nI hope Aunt Dot is coming along all right.  Love, Charlie B.\"","Charlie B. to Betty Jean.  Capt. CAB, Headquarters 301 Bomb Gp (H) AAF, APO 520 c/o Postmaster N.Y., to Betty Jean Burleigh, Glendale Road, Hampden, Mass.","\"Been long time since I've written, but as you can see I've moved; lot of work to get used to has kept me busy.  Gave your address to a favorite Sgt to write you, a damned good looking man.","Have things well under control here \u0026 getting along fine; hope soon can go home, maybe Dec or Jan.  Love, Charlie B.\"","On U.S. Air Forces stationery.  No censor stamp on env.","\"Very glad to get your letter.","Will try to give you the dope on Sgt. Joe: he's around 23yo, about 5'7\" or 8\", 160 lbs, mostly well placed muscle; good looking, though his shoulders are too wide for his height; as smart as they come, full of hell \u0026 fun, a good man to have around for a party or a fight, but usually quiet spoken \u0026 a real gentleman.","Hope to be home early Feb if all goes well, though still nothing definite about it.\nGive my best to all the folks \u0026 write soon.  Love, Charlie B.\"","A V-Mail.  From Pete Podner[?] C.M. 3/c, U. S. S. Ricketts D. E. 254, c/o Fleet P.O. N.Y.C., to Miss Betty Burleigh, Glendale Road, Hampden, Mass.","\"Hi \"Lucky Strike\"; to stay on friendly side, thought I'd better answer your letters.\nI'm tops \u0026 so are all the rest of the gang; too bad we didn't have that snow-ball duel when I was in Mass.  Night life isn't good for you; you saw what happened to Dude Xmas Eve; Dude sends you his deepest love; he's got it pretty bad, and you are the cause; just kidding, but he does want me to say Hello for him.","If you see Peterson family, say Hello for me.  Always Pete.\"","Three small photographs were enclosed with Charles Burleigh's letter dated 1943 October 9; these three have annotations indicating \"Arab Woman of Better Type, July 1943\", \"Arab Begger [sic], July 1943\", and \"Charles A, Burleigh, Capt. A. C., Sept. 1943\".","The remaining forty-nine photographs are of varying sizes and have either brief annotations or no annotations.  Subjects are mainly military personnel and war zone sights.  Names appear on only one photograph of \"Corpsmen of Marine Fighter Squadron 311\".","One is a good conduct medal with ribbon, in addition to three gold-colored metal disks.  One disk is embossed with 'U.S.', and two have images of a triple-turreted castle, which is associated with U. S. Army engineers."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Burleigh, Charles"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Burleigh, Charles"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":31,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:45:26.564Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_7733"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_105","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Charles Edward Gary, Jr. Papers, 1870/2000, bulk 1940/1980","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_105#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Gary, Charles Edward Jr. , 1907-2001","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_105#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThese papers contain correspondence, photographs, business papers, artifacts, certificates, and other materials related to Charles Edward Gary, Jr. Mr. Gary was a prominent African American business owner in Williamsburg, operating for decades the West End Valet Shop off Prince George Street. The collection comprises business ledgers and other West End Valet Shop records over several years, as well as legal documents pertaining to the Valet Shop and Gary family estates such as leases and deeds. Personal materials pertain especially to Mr. Gary's schooling, his miltiary service during World War II, family photographs, and some of Mrs. Zelda Gary's personal papers. An active member of the Williamsburg community, Mr. Gary served in several civic, fraternal, and religious organizations. Centering on his involvement in local baptist churches and in the Improved Benevolent Protective Order of Elks of the World - Old Capitol Lodge, Mr. Gary's papers include speeches he prepared for religious and I.B.P.O.E.W. meeting touching on religion, family, and race issues in America. The collection thus contains materials relevant to the study of twentieth-century Williamsburg history and African American history.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_105#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_105","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_105","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_105","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_105","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_105.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Charles Edward Gary, Jr. Papers","title_ssm":["Charles Edward Gary, Jr. Papers"],"title_tesim":["Charles Edward Gary, Jr. Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1870s-2000s","1940-1980"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1870s-2000s"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1940-1980"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1870/2000, bulk 1940/1980"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charles Edward Gary, Jr. Papers, 1870/2000, bulk 1940/1980"],"text":["Charles Edward Gary, Jr. Papers, 1870/2000, bulk 1940/1980","MS 00017","/repositories/2/resources/105","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--Photographs","African Americans--Virginia--Williamsburg","Merchants--Virginia--Williamsburg","World War, 1939-1945","Artifacts","Business records","Certificates","Correspondence","Photographs","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Organized thematically, the collection contains three series: Personal and Family Papers, Legal and Business Records; and Civic Life.","Born in Norge, VA, in 1907 to Charles Edward Gary Sr. (1871-1929) and Georgia Parker Gary Randall (circa 1886-d.1958), Charles Edward Gary Jr. attended the James City County Training School, followed by the Hampton Institute. He graduated in 1931 with a degree in tailoring and dry-cleaning, having as well played on the baseball team from 1928 through 1931 and joined Phi Alpha Kappa. In 1933, he additionally completed a degree in mortuary science from Frelinghusen University in Washington DC.","A longtime resident of the Williamsburg area, Mr. Gary owned and operated the West End Valet Shop, a tailoring and dry-cleaning service, for decades. Mr. Gary opened his business in 1934 and worked as the Williamsburg Inn's first valet from 1937 to 1949. He was then responsible for pressing clothing and cleaning employee uniforms. The West End Valet Shop, long situated at 607 Prince George Street, remained in full operation until 1973. Mr. Gary also worked as a notary public for several years.","Mr. Gary actively participated in the civic life of the Williamsburg community and of baptist churches in the area. He was a member of the Improved Benevolent Protective Order of Elks of the World (I.B.P.O.E.W.), an African American fraternal order, for more than seventy years, being especially involved in the Old Capitol Lodge no. 629. Mr. Gary once served as the lodge's Exalted Ruler. Among many others, organizations in which Mr. Gary served include the Williamsburg James City County Chamber of Commerce, the Virginia Board of Elections, the Shiloh Baptist Church, the Colonial Youth Center, the boy scouts, and the Frontiers Club.","In May 1944, Mr. Gary married Zelda DeBerry (d. 2010), a native of North Carolina and daughter of Rev. William DeBerry and Fanny Hammond DeBerry. Mrs. Gary studied nursing at Augustine College in Raleigh, NC, and anesthetics at Cook County Graduate School of Medicine, IL. She worked in Williamsburg for the Blayton clinic and the Williamsburg-James City School System.","Accessioned and minimally described by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in June 2015. Fully processed and described by Eve Bourbeau-Allard, graduate assistant in June 2015.","Added as an addition to the collection in 2022 by Veronica Parker.","These papers contain correspondence, photographs, business papers, artifacts, certificates, and other materials related to Charles Edward Gary, Jr. Mr. Gary was a prominent African American business owner in Williamsburg, operating for decades the West End Valet Shop off Prince George Street. The collection comprises business ledgers and other West End Valet Shop records over several years, as well as legal documents pertaining to the Valet Shop and Gary family estates such as leases and deeds. Personal materials pertain especially to Mr. Gary's schooling, his miltiary service during World War II, family photographs, and some of Mrs. Zelda Gary's personal papers. An active member of the Williamsburg community, Mr. Gary served in several civic, fraternal, and religious organizations. Centering on his involvement in local baptist churches and in the Improved Benevolent Protective Order of Elks of the World - Old Capitol Lodge, Mr. Gary's papers include speeches he prepared for religious and I.B.P.O.E.W. meeting touching on religion, family, and race issues in America. The collection thus contains materials relevant to the study of twentieth-century Williamsburg history and African American history.","Organized thematically, this series comprises documents relating to Mr. and Mrs. Gary's schooling, letters sent to Mr. Gary by relatives and friends during World War II, other wartime documents, numerous family photographs and negatives, as well as other miscellaneous materials. Again following a thematic organization, the vast majority of photographs feature unidentified individuals and are undated. When found inside an annotated or dated photo developing envelope, photographs and negatives have been kept together. A nitrate negative, an informal portrait of two men, has been placed in special storage for preservation reasons; consult SCRC staff member.","Includes a photocopy of label on original frame, which was removed for preservation purposes.","Two photographs of Mr. and Mrs. Gary's nieces inserted.","Copy of letter sent by Mr. Gary to Mrs. Elizabeth W. Crichlow in Boston","Two letters written by Cordelia to Charles found in the same envelope. In one, dated 1943, Cordelia says she is glad Charles adapts well to army life, compared to her brothers' negative experiences. In the second letter, Cordelia reflects on happiness and their past. Also includes a birthday card from Cordelia. An additional letter from 1944, signed by E. C. Broadus, was found in an envelope bearing the same Washington D.C. adress as Cordelia's envelopes. Broadus discusses office work as an inventory clerk suplying furniture for a division at the Pentagon building, and her/his experience as an African American clerk supervising a white employee. Touches on race, education, and the meaning of the war.","Writing to Charles from Chicago, Zelda talks about her feelings for him and her thoughts about him joining the army. 3 letters and a valentine card.","Writing to Charles from Williamsburg, Zelda gives news of her errands and friends, and of Charles' family members and shop. 3 letters.","Letters and forms related to Wallace Randall Parker's application for soldier dependents' benefits. Charles's uncle, Parker also gives family news.","Two letters to Charles from his mother Georgia Randall giving news of her health and of their relatives. One letter from his niece Audrey Piggott and one from his sister Edith, who conveys news from home and says their mother is worried about him being in the army.","3 Letters and a postcard from a fellow soldier. Kinnamon sends news of Charles' family and shop, which he has visited while on furlough; gives advice on being in the army; promises to keep sending Charles the Virginia Gazette; plans on meeting in Lousiana; and details an itinerary from New Orleans to Williamsburg for Charles' furlough.","Private Carol Carter from the air force, talking about his experience since drafted; Postcard from private Robert Gibson; Richard F. Hammond, writing from the U.S. Naval Mine Depot in Yorktown about his health and advising Charles to seek fellow Elks in New Orleans; Thank you note from Lieut. Byron C. Herbert Jr; Private George M. Jackson, giving news of health and problems with mail; Mary B. King, sending news of Williamsburg's friends and her husband's army address.","Postcard from soldier Randolph; V-Mail from Sgt Allen Vaughn, serving in the Pacific; two V-Mail messages from soldier Edward Ward, asking Charles to visit his girlfriend to bring her news; letters from private Richard \"Dick\" West about his Texas unit, which is to be broken up soon.","Notebook kept by Mr. Gary, likely while training for becoming an officer. Contains notes on teaching techniques, building morale, crafting lesson plans, analysis skills, map reading, and a diagram of the Allied high command.","Includes a document \"Instructions to Port Checkers for Tallying Oversea Shipments Received at N.O.P.E.\" and an application form for national service life insurance.","Two photographs, one of a couple and one of Mr. Gary and a friend in soldiers' uniforms.","5 items circa 1880s-1910s","Circa 1940s-1950s","4 items in cardboard frames. Signed by Ann Bruce, Betty [niece], Skipper, and Edythe [niece] to Mr. and Mrs. Gary.","One portrait in cardboard frame, to \"Nurse Gary\" from her nephew Clifton. Frame included other loose school portraits, one identified as Jerome Randolph Jr.","Likely a wedding photograph from circa 1950s. Cardboard frame included 5 loose portraits of children.","Includes one from class of 1980, signed Annette Richard, and one from class of 2005. Most unidentified and undated.","Labeled \"Service S[?], Williamsburg VA.\" Possibly a valet and service team at a Williamsburg hotel.","Most unidentified and undated.","Includes a few matching negatives.","Includes a photocopy of the original envelope labeled \"Mrs. Williams Xmas Party Gary.\" One negative identified as \"Little Eddie A. Sasl[is]\".","On Duke of Gloucester Street, circa 1970s-1980s.","Features nautical scenes and a show.","Various photographs and negatives found together in photo developing envelopes. Photocopies of original envelope included.","Larger materials","Recognizing two years of membership for Mr. Gary","Hamlet Public School District, NC, 1936; Saint Agnes Hospital Training School for Nurses, NC, 1939; North Carolina Board of Nurse Examiners, 1939; Cook County Graduate School of Medicine, IL, 1944. Folder also includes 3 flower prints kept behind the diplomas in original frames.","Photograph album pages with informal portraits, circa 1940s. Some photographs are identified. The folder also houses several documents relating to Mrs. Zelda Gary that were found loose in the album, including report cards from Hamlet Public Schools for the years 1932-1936, an employment offer, North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company documents, a 1976 certificate of service from the Union Batptist Church, as well as loose photographs. Damaged album binding removed for preservation purposes.","Personal artifacts comprise Mr. Gary's World War II dog tag, an Eastern Connecticut State University watch, two address rubber stamps, and a 1933 Maryland Public Schools medal for the Playground Athletic League.","This series contains legal and business records documenting the operations of Mr. Gary's tailoring and dry-cleaning business, the West End Valet Shop, as well as family estates. Detailed business ledgers survive for the years 1944 to 1953. Legal documents comprise leases and deeds signed by Mr. and Mrs. Gary, as well as deeds, plats, and other materials about estate settlements concerning the related Gary, Randall, Parker, Peagley, Baker, and Outten families.","Monthly reports of spendings and earnings at the West End Valet Shop sent to Mr. Gary during his military service by the shop's secretary, H.J. Sasser. Also includes a letter with news of the shop.","Monthly reports from H.J. Sasser kept with two letters about the business and news of Williamsburg connections.","Monthly reports from H. J. Sasser and one letter.","Folder also includes a \"Home Plan Service Building Contract,\" inserted in the binder with the ledger pages. Original binder containing ledger pages from 1947 Oct.-1948 Dec. and the 1948 payroll separated for preservation reasons.","Original binder containing ledger pages for the year 1949 separated for preservation reasons.","Some pages are missing.","Also includes personal spendings and loose computation sheets.","Original binder containing ledger pages from 1951 Dec.-1952 Dec. and the 1952 payroll separated for preservation reasons.","Also includes a loose 1948 check on the West End Valet Shop.","Original binder containing ledger pages from 1953 Jan.-1954 Jan. and the 1953 payroll separated for preservation reasons.","Copies of letters sent by Mr. Gary with information about orders and supplies.","Copies of 3 letters sent by Mr. Gary transmitting information about the shop and proposals for advertisements.","Copies of 3 letters sent by Mr. Gary","Includes a series of photographs of Mr. Gary in his shop and of his equipment taken by a Colonial Williamsburg photographer in 1977, one of which was selected for the newspaper article \"A Tailor-made Gift for CW.\"","Articles \"Dry Cleaning Equipment Given to CW\" and \"A Tailor-Made Gift for CW\" regarding Mr. Gary's donation of his 1948 Hoffman dry cleaner to Colonial Williamsburg","Includes, among others, a 1956 guidebook \"Laws Relating to Notaries Public\" by the Commonwealth of Virginia, and a certificate and membership card from the Notaries Public Association.","Rolled-up and brittle item","Documents found in a folder labeled \"Buck Henry Randall Estate,\" of which Charles Gary was a beneficiary. Randall married Charles' mother Georgia Parker after her divorce with Charlie Gary Sr.","Legal documents concerning Mr. Gary's sister Celestine and her husband.","Documentation about the partition of Mr. Gary's father's property between the related Gary, Peagler, Parker, Outten, and Baker families.","Charles Gary's uncle on his mother's side. Comprises a bill of estate settlement costs and a plat of Parker's estate near Ironbound Rd.","Letter and deeds pertaining to a court case about Randall family property.","Documents found in a folder labeled \"Peagler File\" pertaining to Mr. Gary's nephew Owen Peagley, including a curriculum vitae (see Civic Life, series 3, box 5, folder 11), notes about a deed and family property transaction, and a survey map of the Charles E. Gary Sr. estate to be partitioned.","Includes inspection reports of the Ironbound Road property and copy of the deed.","Documents found in a folder labeled \"Charles Gary Life Estate Parcel 041\" from the Virginia Department of Transportation about rights of way for the Ironbound Road property.","Short testimony about the history of businesses at 204 Armistead Avenue, letters, and maps regarding a Williamsburg development project.","Mostly regarding loans and deeds of trust","Suit label from the West End Valet Shop in Williamsburg, Virginia, circa 1965. The shop was owned and operated by Charles Gary. Mr. Gary made two suits for Mr. Jerry Van Voorhis between 1964 and 1965. This label is from one of those suits which Mr. Van Voorhis' used as his wedding suit in 1966. At the time of the label donation, the suit was still in the possession of Mr. Van Voorhis and was reported to be in excellent condition, a testament to the talent of Mr. Gary and his workmanship.","Artifacts relating to Mr. Gary's business and professional life comprise four West End Valet Shop rubber stamps, a table bell, a clothing label customized to Mr. Gary, a measuring tape, two signature rubber stamps, a notary public rubber stamp, and a notary public metal stamp.","This series encompasses materials and artifacts documenting Mr. Gary's active civic life in the Williamsburg area community. In addition to serving on a citizen advisory committee, the Williamsburg James City County Chamber of Commerce, and the Virginia State Board of Elections, Mr. Gary participated in the services of several local baptist churches and was a member of the Improved Benevolent Protective Order of Elks of the World (Old Capitol Lodge No. 629) for over 70 years. The bulk of this series relates to church and Order of Elks service. Of note are several typescripts and handwritten drafts of speeches delivered by Mr. Gary in those contexts. Most are unsigned but accompanied of the official service programs listing speakers.","Certificates highlighting Mr. Gary's involvement and support of various institutions such as the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis, the National Council of Negro Women, the Williamsburg James City County Chamber of Commerce, the Frontiers of America, and the New Zion Baptist Church.","Mostly from the Order of Elks","1975 voter registration record, and documents pertaining to Mr. Gary's appointment as an officer on the Board, including a 1983 manual \"Instructions for Officers of Elections.\"","Ceremony programs, as well as annotated typescripts and handwritten drafts of speeches given by Mr. Gary during Men's Day services at the First Baptist Church of Williamsburg and Shiloh Baptist Church. Includes welcome addresses and a 1967 speech entitled \"The Negro Man and his Family\" in which Mr. Gary reflects on the history of African American families in the United States, current social and racial issues, and biblical views on the importance of the family.","Speech delivered by Mr. Gary during a service with the Order of Elks held at Mount Ararat Baptist Church, discussing death, community service, the principles of the order, and the limits of wealth and materialism. Also includes a program of the ceremony.","Delivered at a Brotherhood [Order of Elks?] breakfast. Discusses employer and employee behavior, black and white patronage, racial pride; compares the fate of African American and Jewish businesses in America; and suggests avenues for the future.","Includes service programs, typescripts of introduction speeches, and biographical notes relating to various speakers at baptist churches: Rev. Ed. Bailey, Dr. Ollie Bowman, Dr. George W. Grayson, Rev. J. H. Moody.","Speakers Shade Joseph Palmer, R. G. Parker, and Owen F. Peagler.","Speakers Att. William T. Stone, Rev. James B. Tabb, Alfred K. Talbot Jr., Wilbert Wallace.","Typescripts and handwritten drafts of speeches given during anniversary, appreciation, and dedication services at various baptist churches in the Williamsburg area. Also includes some corresponding service programs.","Photocopy of a typescript of a speech discussing family in the Bible, religion and church in African American communities, family as a social formation in the United States, and the role of men and women in church and family. Undated and unsigned. Clipped to a 1970 note from Ollie M. Bowman, a professor at Hampton Institute and deacon in the Presbyterian church, who was perhaps the author or the sender of the speech.","Five items from different baptist churches in the Williamsburg area.","Found in a folder labeled \"Church Paperwork\"","Certificate of award, membership card, and undated bank form for deposit by authority of lodge.","36 photographs and several negative slides found in a photo developing enveloped labeled \"Elks.\"","Among other photographs are four formal group portraits.","Found in a photo developing envelope without any annotation, possibly of an Order of Elks ceremony.","Artifacts related to Mr. Gary's civic involvement comprise a 1936 Order of Elks delegate medal, a small Frontiers of America metal pin, another small metal pin with unreadable association, and an Order of Elks Old Capital Lodge rubber stamp.","Textile artifacts relating to Mr. Gary's civic involvement comprise an \"I.B.P.O.E. of W.\" stiched hat, an American Legion of Williamsburg, VA, hat, as well as an Order of Elks ceremonial collar.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","Improved Benevolent Protective Order of Elks of the World","West End Valet Shop (Williamsburg, Va.)","Gary, Charles Edward Jr. , 1907-2001","Gary, Zelda DeBerry","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Charles Edward Gary, Jr. Papers, 1870/2000, bulk 1940/1980"],"collection_ssim":["Charles Edward Gary, Jr. Papers, 1870/2000, bulk 1940/1980"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS 00017","/repositories/2/resources/105"],"unitid_tesim":["MS 00017","/repositories/2/resources/105"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"geogname_ssm":["Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--Photographs"],"geogname_ssim":["Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--Photographs"],"places_ssim":["Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--Photographs"],"creator_ssm":["Gary, Charles Edward Jr. , 1907-2001"],"creator_ssim":["Gary, Charles Edward Jr. , 1907-2001"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Gary, Charles Edward Jr. , 1907-2001","Gary, Zelda DeBerry"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Improved Benevolent Protective Order of Elks of the World","West End Valet Shop (Williamsburg, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["Gary, Charles Edward Jr. , 1907-2001","Gary, Zelda DeBerry","Special Collections Research Center","Improved Benevolent Protective Order of Elks of the World","West End Valet Shop (Williamsburg, Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Acc. 2015.150 was found on college property and was received by Special Collections on 6/5/2015."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans--Virginia--Williamsburg","Merchants--Virginia--Williamsburg","World War, 1939-1945","Artifacts","Business records","Certificates","Correspondence","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans--Virginia--Williamsburg","Merchants--Virginia--Williamsburg","World War, 1939-1945","Artifacts","Business records","Certificates","Correspondence","Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["5.00 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["5.00 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Artifacts","Business records","Certificates","Correspondence","Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOrganized thematically, the collection contains three series: Personal and Family Papers, Legal and Business Records; and Civic Life.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement of Materials:"],"arrangement_tesim":["Organized thematically, the collection contains three series: Personal and Family Papers, Legal and Business Records; and Civic Life."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBorn in Norge, VA, in 1907 to Charles Edward Gary Sr. (1871-1929) and Georgia Parker Gary Randall (circa 1886-d.1958), Charles Edward Gary Jr. attended the James City County Training School, followed by the Hampton Institute. He graduated in 1931 with a degree in tailoring and dry-cleaning, having as well played on the baseball team from 1928 through 1931 and joined Phi Alpha Kappa. In 1933, he additionally completed a degree in mortuary science from Frelinghusen University in Washington DC.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e A longtime resident of the Williamsburg area, Mr. Gary owned and operated the West End Valet Shop, a tailoring and dry-cleaning service, for decades. Mr. Gary opened his business in 1934 and worked as the Williamsburg Inn's first valet from 1937 to 1949. He was then responsible for pressing clothing and cleaning employee uniforms. The West End Valet Shop, long situated at 607 Prince George Street, remained in full operation until 1973. Mr. Gary also worked as a notary public for several years.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Mr. Gary actively participated in the civic life of the Williamsburg community and of baptist churches in the area. He was a member of the Improved Benevolent Protective Order of Elks of the World (I.B.P.O.E.W.), an African American fraternal order, for more than seventy years, being especially involved in the Old Capitol Lodge no. 629. Mr. Gary once served as the lodge's Exalted Ruler. Among many others, organizations in which Mr. Gary served include the Williamsburg James City County Chamber of Commerce, the Virginia Board of Elections, the Shiloh Baptist Church, the Colonial Youth Center, the boy scouts, and the Frontiers Club.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e In May 1944, Mr. Gary married Zelda DeBerry (d. 2010), a native of North Carolina and daughter of Rev. William DeBerry and Fanny Hammond DeBerry. Mrs. Gary studied nursing at Augustine College in Raleigh, NC, and anesthetics at Cook County Graduate School of Medicine, IL. She worked in Williamsburg for the Blayton clinic and the Williamsburg-James City School System.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Administrative History:"],"bioghist_tesim":["Born in Norge, VA, in 1907 to Charles Edward Gary Sr. (1871-1929) and Georgia Parker Gary Randall (circa 1886-d.1958), Charles Edward Gary Jr. attended the James City County Training School, followed by the Hampton Institute. He graduated in 1931 with a degree in tailoring and dry-cleaning, having as well played on the baseball team from 1928 through 1931 and joined Phi Alpha Kappa. In 1933, he additionally completed a degree in mortuary science from Frelinghusen University in Washington DC.","A longtime resident of the Williamsburg area, Mr. Gary owned and operated the West End Valet Shop, a tailoring and dry-cleaning service, for decades. Mr. Gary opened his business in 1934 and worked as the Williamsburg Inn's first valet from 1937 to 1949. He was then responsible for pressing clothing and cleaning employee uniforms. The West End Valet Shop, long situated at 607 Prince George Street, remained in full operation until 1973. Mr. Gary also worked as a notary public for several years.","Mr. Gary actively participated in the civic life of the Williamsburg community and of baptist churches in the area. He was a member of the Improved Benevolent Protective Order of Elks of the World (I.B.P.O.E.W.), an African American fraternal order, for more than seventy years, being especially involved in the Old Capitol Lodge no. 629. Mr. Gary once served as the lodge's Exalted Ruler. Among many others, organizations in which Mr. Gary served include the Williamsburg James City County Chamber of Commerce, the Virginia Board of Elections, the Shiloh Baptist Church, the Colonial Youth Center, the boy scouts, and the Frontiers Club.","In May 1944, Mr. Gary married Zelda DeBerry (d. 2010), a native of North Carolina and daughter of Rev. William DeBerry and Fanny Hammond DeBerry. Mrs. Gary studied nursing at Augustine College in Raleigh, NC, and anesthetics at Cook County Graduate School of Medicine, IL. She worked in Williamsburg for the Blayton clinic and the Williamsburg-James City School System."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGary Family Papers, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026amp; Mary Libraries\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Gary Family Papers, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026 Mary Libraries"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAccessioned and minimally described by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in June 2015. Fully processed and described by Eve Bourbeau-Allard, graduate assistant in June 2015.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eAdded as an addition to the collection in 2022 by Veronica Parker.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information:","Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Accessioned and minimally described by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in June 2015. Fully processed and described by Eve Bourbeau-Allard, graduate assistant in June 2015.","Added as an addition to the collection in 2022 by Veronica Parker."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThese papers contain correspondence, photographs, business papers, artifacts, certificates, and other materials related to Charles Edward Gary, Jr. Mr. Gary was a prominent African American business owner in Williamsburg, operating for decades the West End Valet Shop off Prince George Street. The collection comprises business ledgers and other West End Valet Shop records over several years, as well as legal documents pertaining to the Valet Shop and Gary family estates such as leases and deeds. Personal materials pertain especially to Mr. Gary's schooling, his miltiary service during World War II, family photographs, and some of Mrs. Zelda Gary's personal papers. An active member of the Williamsburg community, Mr. Gary served in several civic, fraternal, and religious organizations. Centering on his involvement in local baptist churches and in the Improved Benevolent Protective Order of Elks of the World - Old Capitol Lodge, Mr. Gary's papers include speeches he prepared for religious and I.B.P.O.E.W. meeting touching on religion, family, and race issues in America. The collection thus contains materials relevant to the study of twentieth-century Williamsburg history and African American history.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eOrganized thematically, this series comprises documents relating to Mr. and Mrs. Gary's schooling, letters sent to Mr. Gary by relatives and friends during World War II, other wartime documents, numerous family photographs and negatives, as well as other miscellaneous materials. Again following a thematic organization, the vast majority of photographs feature unidentified individuals and are undated. When found inside an annotated or dated photo developing envelope, photographs and negatives have been kept together. A nitrate negative, an informal portrait of two men, has been placed in special storage for preservation reasons; consult SCRC staff member.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a photocopy of label on original frame, which was removed for preservation purposes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo photographs of Mr. and Mrs. Gary's nieces inserted.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopy of letter sent by Mr. Gary to Mrs. Elizabeth W. Crichlow in Boston\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo letters written by Cordelia to Charles found in the same envelope. In one, dated 1943, Cordelia says she is glad Charles adapts well to army life, compared to her brothers' negative experiences. In the second letter, Cordelia reflects on happiness and their past. Also includes a birthday card from Cordelia. An additional letter from 1944, signed by E. C. Broadus, was found in an envelope bearing the same Washington D.C. adress as Cordelia's envelopes. Broadus discusses office work as an inventory clerk suplying furniture for a division at the Pentagon building, and her/his experience as an African American clerk supervising a white employee. Touches on race, education, and the meaning of the war.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWriting to Charles from Chicago, Zelda talks about her feelings for him and her thoughts about him joining the army. 3 letters and a valentine card.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWriting to Charles from Williamsburg, Zelda gives news of her errands and friends, and of Charles' family members and shop. 3 letters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters and forms related to Wallace Randall Parker's application for soldier dependents' benefits. Charles's uncle, Parker also gives family news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo letters to Charles from his mother Georgia Randall giving news of her health and of their relatives. One letter from his niece Audrey Piggott and one from his sister Edith, who conveys news from home and says their mother is worried about him being in the army.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3 Letters and a postcard from a fellow soldier. Kinnamon sends news of Charles' family and shop, which he has visited while on furlough; gives advice on being in the army; promises to keep sending Charles the Virginia Gazette; plans on meeting in Lousiana; and details an itinerary from New Orleans to Williamsburg for Charles' furlough.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrivate Carol Carter from the air force, talking about his experience since drafted; Postcard from private Robert Gibson; Richard F. Hammond, writing from the U.S. Naval Mine Depot in Yorktown about his health and advising Charles to seek fellow Elks in New Orleans; Thank you note from Lieut. Byron C. Herbert Jr; Private George M. Jackson, giving news of health and problems with mail; Mary B. King, sending news of Williamsburg's friends and her husband's army address.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePostcard from soldier Randolph; V-Mail from Sgt Allen Vaughn, serving in the Pacific; two V-Mail messages from soldier Edward Ward, asking Charles to visit his girlfriend to bring her news; letters from private Richard \"Dick\" West about his Texas unit, which is to be broken up soon.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotebook kept by Mr. Gary, likely while training for becoming an officer. Contains notes on teaching techniques, building morale, crafting lesson plans, analysis skills, map reading, and a diagram of the Allied high command.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a document \"Instructions to Port Checkers for Tallying Oversea Shipments Received at N.O.P.E.\" and an application form for national service life insurance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo photographs, one of a couple and one of Mr. Gary and a friend in soldiers' uniforms.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5 items circa 1880s-1910s\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCirca 1940s-1950s\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4 items in cardboard frames. Signed by Ann Bruce, Betty [niece], Skipper, and Edythe [niece] to Mr. and Mrs. Gary.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOne portrait in cardboard frame, to \"Nurse Gary\" from her nephew Clifton. Frame included other loose school portraits, one identified as Jerome Randolph Jr.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLikely a wedding photograph from circa 1950s. Cardboard frame included 5 loose portraits of children.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes one from class of 1980, signed Annette Richard, and one from class of 2005. Most unidentified and undated.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLabeled \"Service S[?], Williamsburg VA.\" Possibly a valet and service team at a Williamsburg hotel.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMost unidentified and undated.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a few matching negatives.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a photocopy of the original envelope labeled \"Mrs. Williams Xmas Party Gary.\" One negative identified as \"Little Eddie A. Sasl[is]\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn Duke of Gloucester Street, circa 1970s-1980s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFeatures nautical scenes and a show.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVarious photographs and negatives found together in photo developing envelopes. Photocopies of original envelope included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLarger materials\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecognizing two years of membership for Mr. Gary\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHamlet Public School District, NC, 1936; Saint Agnes Hospital Training School for Nurses, NC, 1939; North Carolina Board of Nurse Examiners, 1939; Cook County Graduate School of Medicine, IL, 1944. Folder also includes 3 flower prints kept behind the diplomas in original frames.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotograph album pages with informal portraits, circa 1940s. Some photographs are identified. The folder also houses several documents relating to Mrs. Zelda Gary that were found loose in the album, including report cards from Hamlet Public Schools for the years 1932-1936, an employment offer, North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company documents, a 1976 certificate of service from the Union Batptist Church, as well as loose photographs. Damaged album binding removed for preservation purposes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePersonal artifacts comprise Mr. Gary's World War II dog tag, an Eastern Connecticut State University watch, two address rubber stamps, and a 1933 Maryland Public Schools medal for the Playground Athletic League.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains legal and business records documenting the operations of Mr. Gary's tailoring and dry-cleaning business, the West End Valet Shop, as well as family estates. Detailed business ledgers survive for the years 1944 to 1953. Legal documents comprise leases and deeds signed by Mr. and Mrs. Gary, as well as deeds, plats, and other materials about estate settlements concerning the related Gary, Randall, Parker, Peagley, Baker, and Outten families.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMonthly reports of spendings and earnings at the West End Valet Shop sent to Mr. Gary during his military service by the shop's secretary, H.J. Sasser. Also includes a letter with news of the shop.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMonthly reports from H.J. Sasser kept with two letters about the business and news of Williamsburg connections.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMonthly reports from H. J. Sasser and one letter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder also includes a \"Home Plan Service Building Contract,\" inserted in the binder with the ledger pages. Original binder containing ledger pages from 1947 Oct.-1948 Dec. and the 1948 payroll separated for preservation reasons.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal binder containing ledger pages for the year 1949 separated for preservation reasons.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSome pages are missing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso includes personal spendings and loose computation sheets.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal binder containing ledger pages from 1951 Dec.-1952 Dec. and the 1952 payroll separated for preservation reasons.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso includes a loose 1948 check on the West End Valet Shop.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal binder containing ledger pages from 1953 Jan.-1954 Jan. and the 1953 payroll separated for preservation reasons.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopies of letters sent by Mr. Gary with information about orders and supplies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopies of 3 letters sent by Mr. Gary transmitting information about the shop and proposals for advertisements.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopies of 3 letters sent by Mr. Gary\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a series of photographs of Mr. Gary in his shop and of his equipment taken by a Colonial Williamsburg photographer in 1977, one of which was selected for the newspaper article \"A Tailor-made Gift for CW.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArticles \"Dry Cleaning Equipment Given to CW\" and \"A Tailor-Made Gift for CW\" regarding Mr. Gary's donation of his 1948 Hoffman dry cleaner to Colonial Williamsburg\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes, among others, a 1956 guidebook \"Laws Relating to Notaries Public\" by the Commonwealth of Virginia, and a certificate and membership card from the Notaries Public Association.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRolled-up and brittle item\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocuments found in a folder labeled \"Buck Henry Randall Estate,\" of which Charles Gary was a beneficiary. Randall married Charles' mother Georgia Parker after her divorce with Charlie Gary Sr.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLegal documents concerning Mr. Gary's sister Celestine and her husband.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocumentation about the partition of Mr. Gary's father's property between the related Gary, Peagler, Parker, Outten, and Baker families.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharles Gary's uncle on his mother's side. Comprises a bill of estate settlement costs and a plat of Parker's estate near Ironbound Rd.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter and deeds pertaining to a court case about Randall family property.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocuments found in a folder labeled \"Peagler File\" pertaining to Mr. Gary's nephew Owen Peagley, including a curriculum vitae (see Civic Life, series 3, box 5, folder 11), notes about a deed and family property transaction, and a survey map of the Charles E. Gary Sr. estate to be partitioned.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes inspection reports of the Ironbound Road property and copy of the deed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocuments found in a folder labeled \"Charles Gary Life Estate Parcel 041\" from the Virginia Department of Transportation about rights of way for the Ironbound Road property.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShort testimony about the history of businesses at 204 Armistead Avenue, letters, and maps regarding a Williamsburg development project.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMostly regarding loans and deeds of trust\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSuit label from the West End Valet Shop in Williamsburg, Virginia, circa 1965. The shop was owned and operated by Charles Gary. Mr. Gary made two suits for Mr. Jerry Van Voorhis between 1964 and 1965. This label is from one of those suits which Mr. Van Voorhis' used as his wedding suit in 1966. At the time of the label donation, the suit was still in the possession of Mr. Van Voorhis and was reported to be in excellent condition, a testament to the talent of Mr. Gary and his workmanship.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArtifacts relating to Mr. Gary's business and professional life comprise four West End Valet Shop rubber stamps, a table bell, a clothing label customized to Mr. Gary, a measuring tape, two signature rubber stamps, a notary public rubber stamp, and a notary public metal stamp.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series encompasses materials and artifacts documenting Mr. Gary's active civic life in the Williamsburg area community. In addition to serving on a citizen advisory committee, the Williamsburg James City County Chamber of Commerce, and the Virginia State Board of Elections, Mr. Gary participated in the services of several local baptist churches and was a member of the Improved Benevolent Protective Order of Elks of the World (Old Capitol Lodge No. 629) for over 70 years. The bulk of this series relates to church and Order of Elks service. Of note are several typescripts and handwritten drafts of speeches delivered by Mr. Gary in those contexts. Most are unsigned but accompanied of the official service programs listing speakers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCertificates highlighting Mr. Gary's involvement and support of various institutions such as the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis, the National Council of Negro Women, the Williamsburg James City County Chamber of Commerce, the Frontiers of America, and the New Zion Baptist Church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMostly from the Order of Elks\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1975 voter registration record, and documents pertaining to Mr. Gary's appointment as an officer on the Board, including a 1983 manual \"Instructions for Officers of Elections.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCeremony programs, as well as annotated typescripts and handwritten drafts of speeches given by Mr. Gary during Men's Day services at the First Baptist Church of Williamsburg and Shiloh Baptist Church. Includes welcome addresses and a 1967 speech entitled \"The Negro Man and his Family\" in which Mr. Gary reflects on the history of African American families in the United States, current social and racial issues, and biblical views on the importance of the family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSpeech delivered by Mr. Gary during a service with the Order of Elks held at Mount Ararat Baptist Church, discussing death, community service, the principles of the order, and the limits of wealth and materialism. Also includes a program of the ceremony.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDelivered at a Brotherhood [Order of Elks?] breakfast. Discusses employer and employee behavior, black and white patronage, racial pride; compares the fate of African American and Jewish businesses in America; and suggests avenues for the future.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes service programs, typescripts of introduction speeches, and biographical notes relating to various speakers at baptist churches: Rev. Ed. Bailey, Dr. Ollie Bowman, Dr. George W. Grayson, Rev. J. H. Moody.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSpeakers Shade Joseph Palmer, R. G. Parker, and Owen F. Peagler.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSpeakers Att. William T. Stone, Rev. James B. Tabb, Alfred K. Talbot Jr., Wilbert Wallace.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTypescripts and handwritten drafts of speeches given during anniversary, appreciation, and dedication services at various baptist churches in the Williamsburg area. Also includes some corresponding service programs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotocopy of a typescript of a speech discussing family in the Bible, religion and church in African American communities, family as a social formation in the United States, and the role of men and women in church and family. Undated and unsigned. Clipped to a 1970 note from Ollie M. Bowman, a professor at Hampton Institute and deacon in the Presbyterian church, who was perhaps the author or the sender of the speech.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFive items from different baptist churches in the Williamsburg area.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFound in a folder labeled \"Church Paperwork\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCertificate of award, membership card, and undated bank form for deposit by authority of lodge.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e36 photographs and several negative slides found in a photo developing enveloped labeled \"Elks.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmong other photographs are four formal group portraits.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFound in a photo developing envelope without any annotation, possibly of an Order of Elks ceremony.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArtifacts related to Mr. Gary's civic involvement comprise a 1936 Order of Elks delegate medal, a small Frontiers of America metal pin, another small metal pin with unreadable association, and an Order of Elks Old Capital Lodge rubber stamp.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTextile artifacts relating to Mr. Gary's civic involvement comprise an \"I.B.P.O.E. of W.\" stiched hat, an American Legion of Williamsburg, VA, hat, as well as an Order of Elks ceremonial collar.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["These papers contain correspondence, photographs, business papers, artifacts, certificates, and other materials related to Charles Edward Gary, Jr. Mr. Gary was a prominent African American business owner in Williamsburg, operating for decades the West End Valet Shop off Prince George Street. The collection comprises business ledgers and other West End Valet Shop records over several years, as well as legal documents pertaining to the Valet Shop and Gary family estates such as leases and deeds. Personal materials pertain especially to Mr. Gary's schooling, his miltiary service during World War II, family photographs, and some of Mrs. Zelda Gary's personal papers. An active member of the Williamsburg community, Mr. Gary served in several civic, fraternal, and religious organizations. Centering on his involvement in local baptist churches and in the Improved Benevolent Protective Order of Elks of the World - Old Capitol Lodge, Mr. Gary's papers include speeches he prepared for religious and I.B.P.O.E.W. meeting touching on religion, family, and race issues in America. The collection thus contains materials relevant to the study of twentieth-century Williamsburg history and African American history.","Organized thematically, this series comprises documents relating to Mr. and Mrs. Gary's schooling, letters sent to Mr. Gary by relatives and friends during World War II, other wartime documents, numerous family photographs and negatives, as well as other miscellaneous materials. Again following a thematic organization, the vast majority of photographs feature unidentified individuals and are undated. When found inside an annotated or dated photo developing envelope, photographs and negatives have been kept together. A nitrate negative, an informal portrait of two men, has been placed in special storage for preservation reasons; consult SCRC staff member.","Includes a photocopy of label on original frame, which was removed for preservation purposes.","Two photographs of Mr. and Mrs. Gary's nieces inserted.","Copy of letter sent by Mr. Gary to Mrs. Elizabeth W. Crichlow in Boston","Two letters written by Cordelia to Charles found in the same envelope. In one, dated 1943, Cordelia says she is glad Charles adapts well to army life, compared to her brothers' negative experiences. In the second letter, Cordelia reflects on happiness and their past. Also includes a birthday card from Cordelia. An additional letter from 1944, signed by E. C. Broadus, was found in an envelope bearing the same Washington D.C. adress as Cordelia's envelopes. Broadus discusses office work as an inventory clerk suplying furniture for a division at the Pentagon building, and her/his experience as an African American clerk supervising a white employee. Touches on race, education, and the meaning of the war.","Writing to Charles from Chicago, Zelda talks about her feelings for him and her thoughts about him joining the army. 3 letters and a valentine card.","Writing to Charles from Williamsburg, Zelda gives news of her errands and friends, and of Charles' family members and shop. 3 letters.","Letters and forms related to Wallace Randall Parker's application for soldier dependents' benefits. Charles's uncle, Parker also gives family news.","Two letters to Charles from his mother Georgia Randall giving news of her health and of their relatives. One letter from his niece Audrey Piggott and one from his sister Edith, who conveys news from home and says their mother is worried about him being in the army.","3 Letters and a postcard from a fellow soldier. Kinnamon sends news of Charles' family and shop, which he has visited while on furlough; gives advice on being in the army; promises to keep sending Charles the Virginia Gazette; plans on meeting in Lousiana; and details an itinerary from New Orleans to Williamsburg for Charles' furlough.","Private Carol Carter from the air force, talking about his experience since drafted; Postcard from private Robert Gibson; Richard F. Hammond, writing from the U.S. Naval Mine Depot in Yorktown about his health and advising Charles to seek fellow Elks in New Orleans; Thank you note from Lieut. Byron C. Herbert Jr; Private George M. Jackson, giving news of health and problems with mail; Mary B. King, sending news of Williamsburg's friends and her husband's army address.","Postcard from soldier Randolph; V-Mail from Sgt Allen Vaughn, serving in the Pacific; two V-Mail messages from soldier Edward Ward, asking Charles to visit his girlfriend to bring her news; letters from private Richard \"Dick\" West about his Texas unit, which is to be broken up soon.","Notebook kept by Mr. Gary, likely while training for becoming an officer. Contains notes on teaching techniques, building morale, crafting lesson plans, analysis skills, map reading, and a diagram of the Allied high command.","Includes a document \"Instructions to Port Checkers for Tallying Oversea Shipments Received at N.O.P.E.\" and an application form for national service life insurance.","Two photographs, one of a couple and one of Mr. Gary and a friend in soldiers' uniforms.","5 items circa 1880s-1910s","Circa 1940s-1950s","4 items in cardboard frames. Signed by Ann Bruce, Betty [niece], Skipper, and Edythe [niece] to Mr. and Mrs. Gary.","One portrait in cardboard frame, to \"Nurse Gary\" from her nephew Clifton. Frame included other loose school portraits, one identified as Jerome Randolph Jr.","Likely a wedding photograph from circa 1950s. Cardboard frame included 5 loose portraits of children.","Includes one from class of 1980, signed Annette Richard, and one from class of 2005. Most unidentified and undated.","Labeled \"Service S[?], Williamsburg VA.\" Possibly a valet and service team at a Williamsburg hotel.","Most unidentified and undated.","Includes a few matching negatives.","Includes a photocopy of the original envelope labeled \"Mrs. Williams Xmas Party Gary.\" One negative identified as \"Little Eddie A. Sasl[is]\".","On Duke of Gloucester Street, circa 1970s-1980s.","Features nautical scenes and a show.","Various photographs and negatives found together in photo developing envelopes. Photocopies of original envelope included.","Larger materials","Recognizing two years of membership for Mr. Gary","Hamlet Public School District, NC, 1936; Saint Agnes Hospital Training School for Nurses, NC, 1939; North Carolina Board of Nurse Examiners, 1939; Cook County Graduate School of Medicine, IL, 1944. Folder also includes 3 flower prints kept behind the diplomas in original frames.","Photograph album pages with informal portraits, circa 1940s. Some photographs are identified. The folder also houses several documents relating to Mrs. Zelda Gary that were found loose in the album, including report cards from Hamlet Public Schools for the years 1932-1936, an employment offer, North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company documents, a 1976 certificate of service from the Union Batptist Church, as well as loose photographs. Damaged album binding removed for preservation purposes.","Personal artifacts comprise Mr. Gary's World War II dog tag, an Eastern Connecticut State University watch, two address rubber stamps, and a 1933 Maryland Public Schools medal for the Playground Athletic League.","This series contains legal and business records documenting the operations of Mr. Gary's tailoring and dry-cleaning business, the West End Valet Shop, as well as family estates. Detailed business ledgers survive for the years 1944 to 1953. Legal documents comprise leases and deeds signed by Mr. and Mrs. Gary, as well as deeds, plats, and other materials about estate settlements concerning the related Gary, Randall, Parker, Peagley, Baker, and Outten families.","Monthly reports of spendings and earnings at the West End Valet Shop sent to Mr. Gary during his military service by the shop's secretary, H.J. Sasser. Also includes a letter with news of the shop.","Monthly reports from H.J. Sasser kept with two letters about the business and news of Williamsburg connections.","Monthly reports from H. J. Sasser and one letter.","Folder also includes a \"Home Plan Service Building Contract,\" inserted in the binder with the ledger pages. Original binder containing ledger pages from 1947 Oct.-1948 Dec. and the 1948 payroll separated for preservation reasons.","Original binder containing ledger pages for the year 1949 separated for preservation reasons.","Some pages are missing.","Also includes personal spendings and loose computation sheets.","Original binder containing ledger pages from 1951 Dec.-1952 Dec. and the 1952 payroll separated for preservation reasons.","Also includes a loose 1948 check on the West End Valet Shop.","Original binder containing ledger pages from 1953 Jan.-1954 Jan. and the 1953 payroll separated for preservation reasons.","Copies of letters sent by Mr. Gary with information about orders and supplies.","Copies of 3 letters sent by Mr. Gary transmitting information about the shop and proposals for advertisements.","Copies of 3 letters sent by Mr. Gary","Includes a series of photographs of Mr. Gary in his shop and of his equipment taken by a Colonial Williamsburg photographer in 1977, one of which was selected for the newspaper article \"A Tailor-made Gift for CW.\"","Articles \"Dry Cleaning Equipment Given to CW\" and \"A Tailor-Made Gift for CW\" regarding Mr. Gary's donation of his 1948 Hoffman dry cleaner to Colonial Williamsburg","Includes, among others, a 1956 guidebook \"Laws Relating to Notaries Public\" by the Commonwealth of Virginia, and a certificate and membership card from the Notaries Public Association.","Rolled-up and brittle item","Documents found in a folder labeled \"Buck Henry Randall Estate,\" of which Charles Gary was a beneficiary. Randall married Charles' mother Georgia Parker after her divorce with Charlie Gary Sr.","Legal documents concerning Mr. Gary's sister Celestine and her husband.","Documentation about the partition of Mr. Gary's father's property between the related Gary, Peagler, Parker, Outten, and Baker families.","Charles Gary's uncle on his mother's side. Comprises a bill of estate settlement costs and a plat of Parker's estate near Ironbound Rd.","Letter and deeds pertaining to a court case about Randall family property.","Documents found in a folder labeled \"Peagler File\" pertaining to Mr. Gary's nephew Owen Peagley, including a curriculum vitae (see Civic Life, series 3, box 5, folder 11), notes about a deed and family property transaction, and a survey map of the Charles E. Gary Sr. estate to be partitioned.","Includes inspection reports of the Ironbound Road property and copy of the deed.","Documents found in a folder labeled \"Charles Gary Life Estate Parcel 041\" from the Virginia Department of Transportation about rights of way for the Ironbound Road property.","Short testimony about the history of businesses at 204 Armistead Avenue, letters, and maps regarding a Williamsburg development project.","Mostly regarding loans and deeds of trust","Suit label from the West End Valet Shop in Williamsburg, Virginia, circa 1965. The shop was owned and operated by Charles Gary. Mr. Gary made two suits for Mr. Jerry Van Voorhis between 1964 and 1965. This label is from one of those suits which Mr. Van Voorhis' used as his wedding suit in 1966. At the time of the label donation, the suit was still in the possession of Mr. Van Voorhis and was reported to be in excellent condition, a testament to the talent of Mr. Gary and his workmanship.","Artifacts relating to Mr. Gary's business and professional life comprise four West End Valet Shop rubber stamps, a table bell, a clothing label customized to Mr. Gary, a measuring tape, two signature rubber stamps, a notary public rubber stamp, and a notary public metal stamp.","This series encompasses materials and artifacts documenting Mr. Gary's active civic life in the Williamsburg area community. In addition to serving on a citizen advisory committee, the Williamsburg James City County Chamber of Commerce, and the Virginia State Board of Elections, Mr. Gary participated in the services of several local baptist churches and was a member of the Improved Benevolent Protective Order of Elks of the World (Old Capitol Lodge No. 629) for over 70 years. The bulk of this series relates to church and Order of Elks service. Of note are several typescripts and handwritten drafts of speeches delivered by Mr. Gary in those contexts. Most are unsigned but accompanied of the official service programs listing speakers.","Certificates highlighting Mr. Gary's involvement and support of various institutions such as the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis, the National Council of Negro Women, the Williamsburg James City County Chamber of Commerce, the Frontiers of America, and the New Zion Baptist Church.","Mostly from the Order of Elks","1975 voter registration record, and documents pertaining to Mr. Gary's appointment as an officer on the Board, including a 1983 manual \"Instructions for Officers of Elections.\"","Ceremony programs, as well as annotated typescripts and handwritten drafts of speeches given by Mr. Gary during Men's Day services at the First Baptist Church of Williamsburg and Shiloh Baptist Church. Includes welcome addresses and a 1967 speech entitled \"The Negro Man and his Family\" in which Mr. Gary reflects on the history of African American families in the United States, current social and racial issues, and biblical views on the importance of the family.","Speech delivered by Mr. Gary during a service with the Order of Elks held at Mount Ararat Baptist Church, discussing death, community service, the principles of the order, and the limits of wealth and materialism. Also includes a program of the ceremony.","Delivered at a Brotherhood [Order of Elks?] breakfast. Discusses employer and employee behavior, black and white patronage, racial pride; compares the fate of African American and Jewish businesses in America; and suggests avenues for the future.","Includes service programs, typescripts of introduction speeches, and biographical notes relating to various speakers at baptist churches: Rev. Ed. Bailey, Dr. Ollie Bowman, Dr. George W. Grayson, Rev. J. H. Moody.","Speakers Shade Joseph Palmer, R. G. Parker, and Owen F. Peagler.","Speakers Att. William T. Stone, Rev. James B. Tabb, Alfred K. Talbot Jr., Wilbert Wallace.","Typescripts and handwritten drafts of speeches given during anniversary, appreciation, and dedication services at various baptist churches in the Williamsburg area. Also includes some corresponding service programs.","Photocopy of a typescript of a speech discussing family in the Bible, religion and church in African American communities, family as a social formation in the United States, and the role of men and women in church and family. Undated and unsigned. Clipped to a 1970 note from Ollie M. Bowman, a professor at Hampton Institute and deacon in the Presbyterian church, who was perhaps the author or the sender of the speech.","Five items from different baptist churches in the Williamsburg area.","Found in a folder labeled \"Church Paperwork\"","Certificate of award, membership card, and undated bank form for deposit by authority of lodge.","36 photographs and several negative slides found in a photo developing enveloped labeled \"Elks.\"","Among other photographs are four formal group portraits.","Found in a photo developing envelope without any annotation, possibly of an Order of Elks ceremony.","Artifacts related to Mr. Gary's civic involvement comprise a 1936 Order of Elks delegate medal, a small Frontiers of America metal pin, another small metal pin with unreadable association, and an Order of Elks Old Capital Lodge rubber stamp.","Textile artifacts relating to Mr. Gary's civic involvement comprise an \"I.B.P.O.E. of W.\" stiched hat, an American Legion of Williamsburg, VA, hat, as well as an Order of Elks ceremonial collar."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Improved Benevolent Protective Order of Elks of the World","West End Valet Shop (Williamsburg, Va.)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Improved Benevolent Protective Order of Elks of the World","West End Valet Shop (Williamsburg, Va.)","Gary, Zelda DeBerry"],"persname_ssim":["Gary, Charles Edward Jr. , 1907-2001","Gary, Zelda DeBerry"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Improved Benevolent Protective Order of Elks of the World","West End Valet Shop (Williamsburg, Va.)","Gary, Charles Edward Jr. , 1907-2001","Gary, Zelda DeBerry"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":142,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:41:18.235Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_105","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_105","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_105","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_105","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_105.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Charles Edward Gary, Jr. Papers","title_ssm":["Charles Edward Gary, Jr. Papers"],"title_tesim":["Charles Edward Gary, Jr. Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1870s-2000s","1940-1980"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1870s-2000s"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1940-1980"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1870/2000, bulk 1940/1980"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charles Edward Gary, Jr. Papers, 1870/2000, bulk 1940/1980"],"text":["Charles Edward Gary, Jr. Papers, 1870/2000, bulk 1940/1980","MS 00017","/repositories/2/resources/105","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--Photographs","African Americans--Virginia--Williamsburg","Merchants--Virginia--Williamsburg","World War, 1939-1945","Artifacts","Business records","Certificates","Correspondence","Photographs","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Organized thematically, the collection contains three series: Personal and Family Papers, Legal and Business Records; and Civic Life.","Born in Norge, VA, in 1907 to Charles Edward Gary Sr. (1871-1929) and Georgia Parker Gary Randall (circa 1886-d.1958), Charles Edward Gary Jr. attended the James City County Training School, followed by the Hampton Institute. He graduated in 1931 with a degree in tailoring and dry-cleaning, having as well played on the baseball team from 1928 through 1931 and joined Phi Alpha Kappa. In 1933, he additionally completed a degree in mortuary science from Frelinghusen University in Washington DC.","A longtime resident of the Williamsburg area, Mr. Gary owned and operated the West End Valet Shop, a tailoring and dry-cleaning service, for decades. Mr. Gary opened his business in 1934 and worked as the Williamsburg Inn's first valet from 1937 to 1949. He was then responsible for pressing clothing and cleaning employee uniforms. The West End Valet Shop, long situated at 607 Prince George Street, remained in full operation until 1973. Mr. Gary also worked as a notary public for several years.","Mr. Gary actively participated in the civic life of the Williamsburg community and of baptist churches in the area. He was a member of the Improved Benevolent Protective Order of Elks of the World (I.B.P.O.E.W.), an African American fraternal order, for more than seventy years, being especially involved in the Old Capitol Lodge no. 629. Mr. Gary once served as the lodge's Exalted Ruler. Among many others, organizations in which Mr. Gary served include the Williamsburg James City County Chamber of Commerce, the Virginia Board of Elections, the Shiloh Baptist Church, the Colonial Youth Center, the boy scouts, and the Frontiers Club.","In May 1944, Mr. Gary married Zelda DeBerry (d. 2010), a native of North Carolina and daughter of Rev. William DeBerry and Fanny Hammond DeBerry. Mrs. Gary studied nursing at Augustine College in Raleigh, NC, and anesthetics at Cook County Graduate School of Medicine, IL. She worked in Williamsburg for the Blayton clinic and the Williamsburg-James City School System.","Accessioned and minimally described by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in June 2015. Fully processed and described by Eve Bourbeau-Allard, graduate assistant in June 2015.","Added as an addition to the collection in 2022 by Veronica Parker.","These papers contain correspondence, photographs, business papers, artifacts, certificates, and other materials related to Charles Edward Gary, Jr. Mr. Gary was a prominent African American business owner in Williamsburg, operating for decades the West End Valet Shop off Prince George Street. The collection comprises business ledgers and other West End Valet Shop records over several years, as well as legal documents pertaining to the Valet Shop and Gary family estates such as leases and deeds. Personal materials pertain especially to Mr. Gary's schooling, his miltiary service during World War II, family photographs, and some of Mrs. Zelda Gary's personal papers. An active member of the Williamsburg community, Mr. Gary served in several civic, fraternal, and religious organizations. Centering on his involvement in local baptist churches and in the Improved Benevolent Protective Order of Elks of the World - Old Capitol Lodge, Mr. Gary's papers include speeches he prepared for religious and I.B.P.O.E.W. meeting touching on religion, family, and race issues in America. The collection thus contains materials relevant to the study of twentieth-century Williamsburg history and African American history.","Organized thematically, this series comprises documents relating to Mr. and Mrs. Gary's schooling, letters sent to Mr. Gary by relatives and friends during World War II, other wartime documents, numerous family photographs and negatives, as well as other miscellaneous materials. Again following a thematic organization, the vast majority of photographs feature unidentified individuals and are undated. When found inside an annotated or dated photo developing envelope, photographs and negatives have been kept together. A nitrate negative, an informal portrait of two men, has been placed in special storage for preservation reasons; consult SCRC staff member.","Includes a photocopy of label on original frame, which was removed for preservation purposes.","Two photographs of Mr. and Mrs. Gary's nieces inserted.","Copy of letter sent by Mr. Gary to Mrs. Elizabeth W. Crichlow in Boston","Two letters written by Cordelia to Charles found in the same envelope. In one, dated 1943, Cordelia says she is glad Charles adapts well to army life, compared to her brothers' negative experiences. In the second letter, Cordelia reflects on happiness and their past. Also includes a birthday card from Cordelia. An additional letter from 1944, signed by E. C. Broadus, was found in an envelope bearing the same Washington D.C. adress as Cordelia's envelopes. Broadus discusses office work as an inventory clerk suplying furniture for a division at the Pentagon building, and her/his experience as an African American clerk supervising a white employee. Touches on race, education, and the meaning of the war.","Writing to Charles from Chicago, Zelda talks about her feelings for him and her thoughts about him joining the army. 3 letters and a valentine card.","Writing to Charles from Williamsburg, Zelda gives news of her errands and friends, and of Charles' family members and shop. 3 letters.","Letters and forms related to Wallace Randall Parker's application for soldier dependents' benefits. Charles's uncle, Parker also gives family news.","Two letters to Charles from his mother Georgia Randall giving news of her health and of their relatives. One letter from his niece Audrey Piggott and one from his sister Edith, who conveys news from home and says their mother is worried about him being in the army.","3 Letters and a postcard from a fellow soldier. Kinnamon sends news of Charles' family and shop, which he has visited while on furlough; gives advice on being in the army; promises to keep sending Charles the Virginia Gazette; plans on meeting in Lousiana; and details an itinerary from New Orleans to Williamsburg for Charles' furlough.","Private Carol Carter from the air force, talking about his experience since drafted; Postcard from private Robert Gibson; Richard F. Hammond, writing from the U.S. Naval Mine Depot in Yorktown about his health and advising Charles to seek fellow Elks in New Orleans; Thank you note from Lieut. Byron C. Herbert Jr; Private George M. Jackson, giving news of health and problems with mail; Mary B. King, sending news of Williamsburg's friends and her husband's army address.","Postcard from soldier Randolph; V-Mail from Sgt Allen Vaughn, serving in the Pacific; two V-Mail messages from soldier Edward Ward, asking Charles to visit his girlfriend to bring her news; letters from private Richard \"Dick\" West about his Texas unit, which is to be broken up soon.","Notebook kept by Mr. Gary, likely while training for becoming an officer. Contains notes on teaching techniques, building morale, crafting lesson plans, analysis skills, map reading, and a diagram of the Allied high command.","Includes a document \"Instructions to Port Checkers for Tallying Oversea Shipments Received at N.O.P.E.\" and an application form for national service life insurance.","Two photographs, one of a couple and one of Mr. Gary and a friend in soldiers' uniforms.","5 items circa 1880s-1910s","Circa 1940s-1950s","4 items in cardboard frames. Signed by Ann Bruce, Betty [niece], Skipper, and Edythe [niece] to Mr. and Mrs. Gary.","One portrait in cardboard frame, to \"Nurse Gary\" from her nephew Clifton. Frame included other loose school portraits, one identified as Jerome Randolph Jr.","Likely a wedding photograph from circa 1950s. Cardboard frame included 5 loose portraits of children.","Includes one from class of 1980, signed Annette Richard, and one from class of 2005. Most unidentified and undated.","Labeled \"Service S[?], Williamsburg VA.\" Possibly a valet and service team at a Williamsburg hotel.","Most unidentified and undated.","Includes a few matching negatives.","Includes a photocopy of the original envelope labeled \"Mrs. Williams Xmas Party Gary.\" One negative identified as \"Little Eddie A. Sasl[is]\".","On Duke of Gloucester Street, circa 1970s-1980s.","Features nautical scenes and a show.","Various photographs and negatives found together in photo developing envelopes. Photocopies of original envelope included.","Larger materials","Recognizing two years of membership for Mr. Gary","Hamlet Public School District, NC, 1936; Saint Agnes Hospital Training School for Nurses, NC, 1939; North Carolina Board of Nurse Examiners, 1939; Cook County Graduate School of Medicine, IL, 1944. Folder also includes 3 flower prints kept behind the diplomas in original frames.","Photograph album pages with informal portraits, circa 1940s. Some photographs are identified. The folder also houses several documents relating to Mrs. Zelda Gary that were found loose in the album, including report cards from Hamlet Public Schools for the years 1932-1936, an employment offer, North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company documents, a 1976 certificate of service from the Union Batptist Church, as well as loose photographs. Damaged album binding removed for preservation purposes.","Personal artifacts comprise Mr. Gary's World War II dog tag, an Eastern Connecticut State University watch, two address rubber stamps, and a 1933 Maryland Public Schools medal for the Playground Athletic League.","This series contains legal and business records documenting the operations of Mr. Gary's tailoring and dry-cleaning business, the West End Valet Shop, as well as family estates. Detailed business ledgers survive for the years 1944 to 1953. Legal documents comprise leases and deeds signed by Mr. and Mrs. Gary, as well as deeds, plats, and other materials about estate settlements concerning the related Gary, Randall, Parker, Peagley, Baker, and Outten families.","Monthly reports of spendings and earnings at the West End Valet Shop sent to Mr. Gary during his military service by the shop's secretary, H.J. Sasser. Also includes a letter with news of the shop.","Monthly reports from H.J. Sasser kept with two letters about the business and news of Williamsburg connections.","Monthly reports from H. J. Sasser and one letter.","Folder also includes a \"Home Plan Service Building Contract,\" inserted in the binder with the ledger pages. Original binder containing ledger pages from 1947 Oct.-1948 Dec. and the 1948 payroll separated for preservation reasons.","Original binder containing ledger pages for the year 1949 separated for preservation reasons.","Some pages are missing.","Also includes personal spendings and loose computation sheets.","Original binder containing ledger pages from 1951 Dec.-1952 Dec. and the 1952 payroll separated for preservation reasons.","Also includes a loose 1948 check on the West End Valet Shop.","Original binder containing ledger pages from 1953 Jan.-1954 Jan. and the 1953 payroll separated for preservation reasons.","Copies of letters sent by Mr. Gary with information about orders and supplies.","Copies of 3 letters sent by Mr. Gary transmitting information about the shop and proposals for advertisements.","Copies of 3 letters sent by Mr. Gary","Includes a series of photographs of Mr. Gary in his shop and of his equipment taken by a Colonial Williamsburg photographer in 1977, one of which was selected for the newspaper article \"A Tailor-made Gift for CW.\"","Articles \"Dry Cleaning Equipment Given to CW\" and \"A Tailor-Made Gift for CW\" regarding Mr. Gary's donation of his 1948 Hoffman dry cleaner to Colonial Williamsburg","Includes, among others, a 1956 guidebook \"Laws Relating to Notaries Public\" by the Commonwealth of Virginia, and a certificate and membership card from the Notaries Public Association.","Rolled-up and brittle item","Documents found in a folder labeled \"Buck Henry Randall Estate,\" of which Charles Gary was a beneficiary. Randall married Charles' mother Georgia Parker after her divorce with Charlie Gary Sr.","Legal documents concerning Mr. Gary's sister Celestine and her husband.","Documentation about the partition of Mr. Gary's father's property between the related Gary, Peagler, Parker, Outten, and Baker families.","Charles Gary's uncle on his mother's side. Comprises a bill of estate settlement costs and a plat of Parker's estate near Ironbound Rd.","Letter and deeds pertaining to a court case about Randall family property.","Documents found in a folder labeled \"Peagler File\" pertaining to Mr. Gary's nephew Owen Peagley, including a curriculum vitae (see Civic Life, series 3, box 5, folder 11), notes about a deed and family property transaction, and a survey map of the Charles E. Gary Sr. estate to be partitioned.","Includes inspection reports of the Ironbound Road property and copy of the deed.","Documents found in a folder labeled \"Charles Gary Life Estate Parcel 041\" from the Virginia Department of Transportation about rights of way for the Ironbound Road property.","Short testimony about the history of businesses at 204 Armistead Avenue, letters, and maps regarding a Williamsburg development project.","Mostly regarding loans and deeds of trust","Suit label from the West End Valet Shop in Williamsburg, Virginia, circa 1965. The shop was owned and operated by Charles Gary. Mr. Gary made two suits for Mr. Jerry Van Voorhis between 1964 and 1965. This label is from one of those suits which Mr. Van Voorhis' used as his wedding suit in 1966. At the time of the label donation, the suit was still in the possession of Mr. Van Voorhis and was reported to be in excellent condition, a testament to the talent of Mr. Gary and his workmanship.","Artifacts relating to Mr. Gary's business and professional life comprise four West End Valet Shop rubber stamps, a table bell, a clothing label customized to Mr. Gary, a measuring tape, two signature rubber stamps, a notary public rubber stamp, and a notary public metal stamp.","This series encompasses materials and artifacts documenting Mr. Gary's active civic life in the Williamsburg area community. In addition to serving on a citizen advisory committee, the Williamsburg James City County Chamber of Commerce, and the Virginia State Board of Elections, Mr. Gary participated in the services of several local baptist churches and was a member of the Improved Benevolent Protective Order of Elks of the World (Old Capitol Lodge No. 629) for over 70 years. The bulk of this series relates to church and Order of Elks service. Of note are several typescripts and handwritten drafts of speeches delivered by Mr. Gary in those contexts. Most are unsigned but accompanied of the official service programs listing speakers.","Certificates highlighting Mr. Gary's involvement and support of various institutions such as the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis, the National Council of Negro Women, the Williamsburg James City County Chamber of Commerce, the Frontiers of America, and the New Zion Baptist Church.","Mostly from the Order of Elks","1975 voter registration record, and documents pertaining to Mr. Gary's appointment as an officer on the Board, including a 1983 manual \"Instructions for Officers of Elections.\"","Ceremony programs, as well as annotated typescripts and handwritten drafts of speeches given by Mr. Gary during Men's Day services at the First Baptist Church of Williamsburg and Shiloh Baptist Church. Includes welcome addresses and a 1967 speech entitled \"The Negro Man and his Family\" in which Mr. Gary reflects on the history of African American families in the United States, current social and racial issues, and biblical views on the importance of the family.","Speech delivered by Mr. Gary during a service with the Order of Elks held at Mount Ararat Baptist Church, discussing death, community service, the principles of the order, and the limits of wealth and materialism. Also includes a program of the ceremony.","Delivered at a Brotherhood [Order of Elks?] breakfast. Discusses employer and employee behavior, black and white patronage, racial pride; compares the fate of African American and Jewish businesses in America; and suggests avenues for the future.","Includes service programs, typescripts of introduction speeches, and biographical notes relating to various speakers at baptist churches: Rev. Ed. Bailey, Dr. Ollie Bowman, Dr. George W. Grayson, Rev. J. H. Moody.","Speakers Shade Joseph Palmer, R. G. Parker, and Owen F. Peagler.","Speakers Att. William T. Stone, Rev. James B. Tabb, Alfred K. Talbot Jr., Wilbert Wallace.","Typescripts and handwritten drafts of speeches given during anniversary, appreciation, and dedication services at various baptist churches in the Williamsburg area. Also includes some corresponding service programs.","Photocopy of a typescript of a speech discussing family in the Bible, religion and church in African American communities, family as a social formation in the United States, and the role of men and women in church and family. Undated and unsigned. Clipped to a 1970 note from Ollie M. Bowman, a professor at Hampton Institute and deacon in the Presbyterian church, who was perhaps the author or the sender of the speech.","Five items from different baptist churches in the Williamsburg area.","Found in a folder labeled \"Church Paperwork\"","Certificate of award, membership card, and undated bank form for deposit by authority of lodge.","36 photographs and several negative slides found in a photo developing enveloped labeled \"Elks.\"","Among other photographs are four formal group portraits.","Found in a photo developing envelope without any annotation, possibly of an Order of Elks ceremony.","Artifacts related to Mr. Gary's civic involvement comprise a 1936 Order of Elks delegate medal, a small Frontiers of America metal pin, another small metal pin with unreadable association, and an Order of Elks Old Capital Lodge rubber stamp.","Textile artifacts relating to Mr. Gary's civic involvement comprise an \"I.B.P.O.E. of W.\" stiched hat, an American Legion of Williamsburg, VA, hat, as well as an Order of Elks ceremonial collar.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","Improved Benevolent Protective Order of Elks of the World","West End Valet Shop (Williamsburg, Va.)","Gary, Charles Edward Jr. , 1907-2001","Gary, Zelda DeBerry","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Charles Edward Gary, Jr. Papers, 1870/2000, bulk 1940/1980"],"collection_ssim":["Charles Edward Gary, Jr. Papers, 1870/2000, bulk 1940/1980"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS 00017","/repositories/2/resources/105"],"unitid_tesim":["MS 00017","/repositories/2/resources/105"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"geogname_ssm":["Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--Photographs"],"geogname_ssim":["Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--Photographs"],"places_ssim":["Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century","Williamsburg (Va.)--Photographs"],"creator_ssm":["Gary, Charles Edward Jr. , 1907-2001"],"creator_ssim":["Gary, Charles Edward Jr. , 1907-2001"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Gary, Charles Edward Jr. , 1907-2001","Gary, Zelda DeBerry"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Improved Benevolent Protective Order of Elks of the World","West End Valet Shop (Williamsburg, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["Gary, Charles Edward Jr. , 1907-2001","Gary, Zelda DeBerry","Special Collections Research Center","Improved Benevolent Protective Order of Elks of the World","West End Valet Shop (Williamsburg, Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Acc. 2015.150 was found on college property and was received by Special Collections on 6/5/2015."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans--Virginia--Williamsburg","Merchants--Virginia--Williamsburg","World War, 1939-1945","Artifacts","Business records","Certificates","Correspondence","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans--Virginia--Williamsburg","Merchants--Virginia--Williamsburg","World War, 1939-1945","Artifacts","Business records","Certificates","Correspondence","Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["5.00 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["5.00 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Artifacts","Business records","Certificates","Correspondence","Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOrganized thematically, the collection contains three series: Personal and Family Papers, Legal and Business Records; and Civic Life.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement of Materials:"],"arrangement_tesim":["Organized thematically, the collection contains three series: Personal and Family Papers, Legal and Business Records; and Civic Life."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBorn in Norge, VA, in 1907 to Charles Edward Gary Sr. (1871-1929) and Georgia Parker Gary Randall (circa 1886-d.1958), Charles Edward Gary Jr. attended the James City County Training School, followed by the Hampton Institute. He graduated in 1931 with a degree in tailoring and dry-cleaning, having as well played on the baseball team from 1928 through 1931 and joined Phi Alpha Kappa. In 1933, he additionally completed a degree in mortuary science from Frelinghusen University in Washington DC.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e A longtime resident of the Williamsburg area, Mr. Gary owned and operated the West End Valet Shop, a tailoring and dry-cleaning service, for decades. Mr. Gary opened his business in 1934 and worked as the Williamsburg Inn's first valet from 1937 to 1949. He was then responsible for pressing clothing and cleaning employee uniforms. The West End Valet Shop, long situated at 607 Prince George Street, remained in full operation until 1973. Mr. Gary also worked as a notary public for several years.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Mr. Gary actively participated in the civic life of the Williamsburg community and of baptist churches in the area. He was a member of the Improved Benevolent Protective Order of Elks of the World (I.B.P.O.E.W.), an African American fraternal order, for more than seventy years, being especially involved in the Old Capitol Lodge no. 629. Mr. Gary once served as the lodge's Exalted Ruler. Among many others, organizations in which Mr. Gary served include the Williamsburg James City County Chamber of Commerce, the Virginia Board of Elections, the Shiloh Baptist Church, the Colonial Youth Center, the boy scouts, and the Frontiers Club.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e In May 1944, Mr. Gary married Zelda DeBerry (d. 2010), a native of North Carolina and daughter of Rev. William DeBerry and Fanny Hammond DeBerry. Mrs. Gary studied nursing at Augustine College in Raleigh, NC, and anesthetics at Cook County Graduate School of Medicine, IL. She worked in Williamsburg for the Blayton clinic and the Williamsburg-James City School System.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Administrative History:"],"bioghist_tesim":["Born in Norge, VA, in 1907 to Charles Edward Gary Sr. (1871-1929) and Georgia Parker Gary Randall (circa 1886-d.1958), Charles Edward Gary Jr. attended the James City County Training School, followed by the Hampton Institute. He graduated in 1931 with a degree in tailoring and dry-cleaning, having as well played on the baseball team from 1928 through 1931 and joined Phi Alpha Kappa. In 1933, he additionally completed a degree in mortuary science from Frelinghusen University in Washington DC.","A longtime resident of the Williamsburg area, Mr. Gary owned and operated the West End Valet Shop, a tailoring and dry-cleaning service, for decades. Mr. Gary opened his business in 1934 and worked as the Williamsburg Inn's first valet from 1937 to 1949. He was then responsible for pressing clothing and cleaning employee uniforms. The West End Valet Shop, long situated at 607 Prince George Street, remained in full operation until 1973. Mr. Gary also worked as a notary public for several years.","Mr. Gary actively participated in the civic life of the Williamsburg community and of baptist churches in the area. He was a member of the Improved Benevolent Protective Order of Elks of the World (I.B.P.O.E.W.), an African American fraternal order, for more than seventy years, being especially involved in the Old Capitol Lodge no. 629. Mr. Gary once served as the lodge's Exalted Ruler. Among many others, organizations in which Mr. Gary served include the Williamsburg James City County Chamber of Commerce, the Virginia Board of Elections, the Shiloh Baptist Church, the Colonial Youth Center, the boy scouts, and the Frontiers Club.","In May 1944, Mr. Gary married Zelda DeBerry (d. 2010), a native of North Carolina and daughter of Rev. William DeBerry and Fanny Hammond DeBerry. Mrs. Gary studied nursing at Augustine College in Raleigh, NC, and anesthetics at Cook County Graduate School of Medicine, IL. She worked in Williamsburg for the Blayton clinic and the Williamsburg-James City School System."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGary Family Papers, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026amp; Mary Libraries\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Gary Family Papers, Special Collections Research Center, William \u0026 Mary Libraries"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAccessioned and minimally described by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in June 2015. Fully processed and described by Eve Bourbeau-Allard, graduate assistant in June 2015.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eAdded as an addition to the collection in 2022 by Veronica Parker.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information:","Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Accessioned and minimally described by Steven Bookman, University Archives Specialist, in June 2015. Fully processed and described by Eve Bourbeau-Allard, graduate assistant in June 2015.","Added as an addition to the collection in 2022 by Veronica Parker."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThese papers contain correspondence, photographs, business papers, artifacts, certificates, and other materials related to Charles Edward Gary, Jr. Mr. Gary was a prominent African American business owner in Williamsburg, operating for decades the West End Valet Shop off Prince George Street. The collection comprises business ledgers and other West End Valet Shop records over several years, as well as legal documents pertaining to the Valet Shop and Gary family estates such as leases and deeds. Personal materials pertain especially to Mr. Gary's schooling, his miltiary service during World War II, family photographs, and some of Mrs. Zelda Gary's personal papers. An active member of the Williamsburg community, Mr. Gary served in several civic, fraternal, and religious organizations. Centering on his involvement in local baptist churches and in the Improved Benevolent Protective Order of Elks of the World - Old Capitol Lodge, Mr. Gary's papers include speeches he prepared for religious and I.B.P.O.E.W. meeting touching on religion, family, and race issues in America. The collection thus contains materials relevant to the study of twentieth-century Williamsburg history and African American history.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eOrganized thematically, this series comprises documents relating to Mr. and Mrs. Gary's schooling, letters sent to Mr. Gary by relatives and friends during World War II, other wartime documents, numerous family photographs and negatives, as well as other miscellaneous materials. Again following a thematic organization, the vast majority of photographs feature unidentified individuals and are undated. When found inside an annotated or dated photo developing envelope, photographs and negatives have been kept together. A nitrate negative, an informal portrait of two men, has been placed in special storage for preservation reasons; consult SCRC staff member.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a photocopy of label on original frame, which was removed for preservation purposes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo photographs of Mr. and Mrs. Gary's nieces inserted.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopy of letter sent by Mr. Gary to Mrs. Elizabeth W. Crichlow in Boston\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo letters written by Cordelia to Charles found in the same envelope. In one, dated 1943, Cordelia says she is glad Charles adapts well to army life, compared to her brothers' negative experiences. In the second letter, Cordelia reflects on happiness and their past. Also includes a birthday card from Cordelia. An additional letter from 1944, signed by E. C. Broadus, was found in an envelope bearing the same Washington D.C. adress as Cordelia's envelopes. Broadus discusses office work as an inventory clerk suplying furniture for a division at the Pentagon building, and her/his experience as an African American clerk supervising a white employee. Touches on race, education, and the meaning of the war.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWriting to Charles from Chicago, Zelda talks about her feelings for him and her thoughts about him joining the army. 3 letters and a valentine card.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWriting to Charles from Williamsburg, Zelda gives news of her errands and friends, and of Charles' family members and shop. 3 letters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetters and forms related to Wallace Randall Parker's application for soldier dependents' benefits. Charles's uncle, Parker also gives family news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo letters to Charles from his mother Georgia Randall giving news of her health and of their relatives. One letter from his niece Audrey Piggott and one from his sister Edith, who conveys news from home and says their mother is worried about him being in the army.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e3 Letters and a postcard from a fellow soldier. Kinnamon sends news of Charles' family and shop, which he has visited while on furlough; gives advice on being in the army; promises to keep sending Charles the Virginia Gazette; plans on meeting in Lousiana; and details an itinerary from New Orleans to Williamsburg for Charles' furlough.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrivate Carol Carter from the air force, talking about his experience since drafted; Postcard from private Robert Gibson; Richard F. Hammond, writing from the U.S. Naval Mine Depot in Yorktown about his health and advising Charles to seek fellow Elks in New Orleans; Thank you note from Lieut. Byron C. Herbert Jr; Private George M. Jackson, giving news of health and problems with mail; Mary B. King, sending news of Williamsburg's friends and her husband's army address.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePostcard from soldier Randolph; V-Mail from Sgt Allen Vaughn, serving in the Pacific; two V-Mail messages from soldier Edward Ward, asking Charles to visit his girlfriend to bring her news; letters from private Richard \"Dick\" West about his Texas unit, which is to be broken up soon.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNotebook kept by Mr. Gary, likely while training for becoming an officer. Contains notes on teaching techniques, building morale, crafting lesson plans, analysis skills, map reading, and a diagram of the Allied high command.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a document \"Instructions to Port Checkers for Tallying Oversea Shipments Received at N.O.P.E.\" and an application form for national service life insurance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo photographs, one of a couple and one of Mr. Gary and a friend in soldiers' uniforms.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5 items circa 1880s-1910s\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCirca 1940s-1950s\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e4 items in cardboard frames. Signed by Ann Bruce, Betty [niece], Skipper, and Edythe [niece] to Mr. and Mrs. Gary.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOne portrait in cardboard frame, to \"Nurse Gary\" from her nephew Clifton. Frame included other loose school portraits, one identified as Jerome Randolph Jr.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLikely a wedding photograph from circa 1950s. Cardboard frame included 5 loose portraits of children.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes one from class of 1980, signed Annette Richard, and one from class of 2005. Most unidentified and undated.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLabeled \"Service S[?], Williamsburg VA.\" Possibly a valet and service team at a Williamsburg hotel.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMost unidentified and undated.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a few matching negatives.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a photocopy of the original envelope labeled \"Mrs. Williams Xmas Party Gary.\" One negative identified as \"Little Eddie A. Sasl[is]\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn Duke of Gloucester Street, circa 1970s-1980s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFeatures nautical scenes and a show.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVarious photographs and negatives found together in photo developing envelopes. Photocopies of original envelope included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLarger materials\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecognizing two years of membership for Mr. Gary\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHamlet Public School District, NC, 1936; Saint Agnes Hospital Training School for Nurses, NC, 1939; North Carolina Board of Nurse Examiners, 1939; Cook County Graduate School of Medicine, IL, 1944. Folder also includes 3 flower prints kept behind the diplomas in original frames.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotograph album pages with informal portraits, circa 1940s. Some photographs are identified. The folder also houses several documents relating to Mrs. Zelda Gary that were found loose in the album, including report cards from Hamlet Public Schools for the years 1932-1936, an employment offer, North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company documents, a 1976 certificate of service from the Union Batptist Church, as well as loose photographs. Damaged album binding removed for preservation purposes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePersonal artifacts comprise Mr. Gary's World War II dog tag, an Eastern Connecticut State University watch, two address rubber stamps, and a 1933 Maryland Public Schools medal for the Playground Athletic League.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains legal and business records documenting the operations of Mr. Gary's tailoring and dry-cleaning business, the West End Valet Shop, as well as family estates. Detailed business ledgers survive for the years 1944 to 1953. Legal documents comprise leases and deeds signed by Mr. and Mrs. Gary, as well as deeds, plats, and other materials about estate settlements concerning the related Gary, Randall, Parker, Peagley, Baker, and Outten families.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMonthly reports of spendings and earnings at the West End Valet Shop sent to Mr. Gary during his military service by the shop's secretary, H.J. Sasser. Also includes a letter with news of the shop.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMonthly reports from H.J. Sasser kept with two letters about the business and news of Williamsburg connections.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMonthly reports from H. J. Sasser and one letter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder also includes a \"Home Plan Service Building Contract,\" inserted in the binder with the ledger pages. Original binder containing ledger pages from 1947 Oct.-1948 Dec. and the 1948 payroll separated for preservation reasons.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal binder containing ledger pages for the year 1949 separated for preservation reasons.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSome pages are missing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso includes personal spendings and loose computation sheets.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal binder containing ledger pages from 1951 Dec.-1952 Dec. and the 1952 payroll separated for preservation reasons.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso includes a loose 1948 check on the West End Valet Shop.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal binder containing ledger pages from 1953 Jan.-1954 Jan. and the 1953 payroll separated for preservation reasons.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopies of letters sent by Mr. Gary with information about orders and supplies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopies of 3 letters sent by Mr. Gary transmitting information about the shop and proposals for advertisements.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCopies of 3 letters sent by Mr. Gary\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes a series of photographs of Mr. Gary in his shop and of his equipment taken by a Colonial Williamsburg photographer in 1977, one of which was selected for the newspaper article \"A Tailor-made Gift for CW.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArticles \"Dry Cleaning Equipment Given to CW\" and \"A Tailor-Made Gift for CW\" regarding Mr. Gary's donation of his 1948 Hoffman dry cleaner to Colonial Williamsburg\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes, among others, a 1956 guidebook \"Laws Relating to Notaries Public\" by the Commonwealth of Virginia, and a certificate and membership card from the Notaries Public Association.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRolled-up and brittle item\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocuments found in a folder labeled \"Buck Henry Randall Estate,\" of which Charles Gary was a beneficiary. Randall married Charles' mother Georgia Parker after her divorce with Charlie Gary Sr.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLegal documents concerning Mr. Gary's sister Celestine and her husband.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocumentation about the partition of Mr. Gary's father's property between the related Gary, Peagler, Parker, Outten, and Baker families.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharles Gary's uncle on his mother's side. Comprises a bill of estate settlement costs and a plat of Parker's estate near Ironbound Rd.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter and deeds pertaining to a court case about Randall family property.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocuments found in a folder labeled \"Peagler File\" pertaining to Mr. Gary's nephew Owen Peagley, including a curriculum vitae (see Civic Life, series 3, box 5, folder 11), notes about a deed and family property transaction, and a survey map of the Charles E. Gary Sr. estate to be partitioned.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes inspection reports of the Ironbound Road property and copy of the deed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocuments found in a folder labeled \"Charles Gary Life Estate Parcel 041\" from the Virginia Department of Transportation about rights of way for the Ironbound Road property.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShort testimony about the history of businesses at 204 Armistead Avenue, letters, and maps regarding a Williamsburg development project.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMostly regarding loans and deeds of trust\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSuit label from the West End Valet Shop in Williamsburg, Virginia, circa 1965. The shop was owned and operated by Charles Gary. Mr. Gary made two suits for Mr. Jerry Van Voorhis between 1964 and 1965. This label is from one of those suits which Mr. Van Voorhis' used as his wedding suit in 1966. At the time of the label donation, the suit was still in the possession of Mr. Van Voorhis and was reported to be in excellent condition, a testament to the talent of Mr. Gary and his workmanship.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArtifacts relating to Mr. Gary's business and professional life comprise four West End Valet Shop rubber stamps, a table bell, a clothing label customized to Mr. Gary, a measuring tape, two signature rubber stamps, a notary public rubber stamp, and a notary public metal stamp.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series encompasses materials and artifacts documenting Mr. Gary's active civic life in the Williamsburg area community. In addition to serving on a citizen advisory committee, the Williamsburg James City County Chamber of Commerce, and the Virginia State Board of Elections, Mr. Gary participated in the services of several local baptist churches and was a member of the Improved Benevolent Protective Order of Elks of the World (Old Capitol Lodge No. 629) for over 70 years. The bulk of this series relates to church and Order of Elks service. Of note are several typescripts and handwritten drafts of speeches delivered by Mr. Gary in those contexts. Most are unsigned but accompanied of the official service programs listing speakers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCertificates highlighting Mr. Gary's involvement and support of various institutions such as the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis, the National Council of Negro Women, the Williamsburg James City County Chamber of Commerce, the Frontiers of America, and the New Zion Baptist Church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMostly from the Order of Elks\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1975 voter registration record, and documents pertaining to Mr. Gary's appointment as an officer on the Board, including a 1983 manual \"Instructions for Officers of Elections.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCeremony programs, as well as annotated typescripts and handwritten drafts of speeches given by Mr. Gary during Men's Day services at the First Baptist Church of Williamsburg and Shiloh Baptist Church. Includes welcome addresses and a 1967 speech entitled \"The Negro Man and his Family\" in which Mr. Gary reflects on the history of African American families in the United States, current social and racial issues, and biblical views on the importance of the family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSpeech delivered by Mr. Gary during a service with the Order of Elks held at Mount Ararat Baptist Church, discussing death, community service, the principles of the order, and the limits of wealth and materialism. Also includes a program of the ceremony.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDelivered at a Brotherhood [Order of Elks?] breakfast. Discusses employer and employee behavior, black and white patronage, racial pride; compares the fate of African American and Jewish businesses in America; and suggests avenues for the future.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes service programs, typescripts of introduction speeches, and biographical notes relating to various speakers at baptist churches: Rev. Ed. Bailey, Dr. Ollie Bowman, Dr. George W. Grayson, Rev. J. H. Moody.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSpeakers Shade Joseph Palmer, R. G. Parker, and Owen F. Peagler.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSpeakers Att. William T. Stone, Rev. James B. Tabb, Alfred K. Talbot Jr., Wilbert Wallace.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTypescripts and handwritten drafts of speeches given during anniversary, appreciation, and dedication services at various baptist churches in the Williamsburg area. Also includes some corresponding service programs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotocopy of a typescript of a speech discussing family in the Bible, religion and church in African American communities, family as a social formation in the United States, and the role of men and women in church and family. Undated and unsigned. Clipped to a 1970 note from Ollie M. Bowman, a professor at Hampton Institute and deacon in the Presbyterian church, who was perhaps the author or the sender of the speech.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFive items from different baptist churches in the Williamsburg area.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFound in a folder labeled \"Church Paperwork\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCertificate of award, membership card, and undated bank form for deposit by authority of lodge.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e36 photographs and several negative slides found in a photo developing enveloped labeled \"Elks.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmong other photographs are four formal group portraits.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFound in a photo developing envelope without any annotation, possibly of an Order of Elks ceremony.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArtifacts related to Mr. Gary's civic involvement comprise a 1936 Order of Elks delegate medal, a small Frontiers of America metal pin, another small metal pin with unreadable association, and an Order of Elks Old Capital Lodge rubber stamp.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTextile artifacts relating to Mr. Gary's civic involvement comprise an \"I.B.P.O.E. of W.\" stiched hat, an American Legion of Williamsburg, VA, hat, as well as an Order of Elks ceremonial collar.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["These papers contain correspondence, photographs, business papers, artifacts, certificates, and other materials related to Charles Edward Gary, Jr. Mr. Gary was a prominent African American business owner in Williamsburg, operating for decades the West End Valet Shop off Prince George Street. The collection comprises business ledgers and other West End Valet Shop records over several years, as well as legal documents pertaining to the Valet Shop and Gary family estates such as leases and deeds. Personal materials pertain especially to Mr. Gary's schooling, his miltiary service during World War II, family photographs, and some of Mrs. Zelda Gary's personal papers. An active member of the Williamsburg community, Mr. Gary served in several civic, fraternal, and religious organizations. Centering on his involvement in local baptist churches and in the Improved Benevolent Protective Order of Elks of the World - Old Capitol Lodge, Mr. Gary's papers include speeches he prepared for religious and I.B.P.O.E.W. meeting touching on religion, family, and race issues in America. The collection thus contains materials relevant to the study of twentieth-century Williamsburg history and African American history.","Organized thematically, this series comprises documents relating to Mr. and Mrs. Gary's schooling, letters sent to Mr. Gary by relatives and friends during World War II, other wartime documents, numerous family photographs and negatives, as well as other miscellaneous materials. Again following a thematic organization, the vast majority of photographs feature unidentified individuals and are undated. When found inside an annotated or dated photo developing envelope, photographs and negatives have been kept together. A nitrate negative, an informal portrait of two men, has been placed in special storage for preservation reasons; consult SCRC staff member.","Includes a photocopy of label on original frame, which was removed for preservation purposes.","Two photographs of Mr. and Mrs. Gary's nieces inserted.","Copy of letter sent by Mr. Gary to Mrs. Elizabeth W. Crichlow in Boston","Two letters written by Cordelia to Charles found in the same envelope. In one, dated 1943, Cordelia says she is glad Charles adapts well to army life, compared to her brothers' negative experiences. In the second letter, Cordelia reflects on happiness and their past. Also includes a birthday card from Cordelia. An additional letter from 1944, signed by E. C. Broadus, was found in an envelope bearing the same Washington D.C. adress as Cordelia's envelopes. Broadus discusses office work as an inventory clerk suplying furniture for a division at the Pentagon building, and her/his experience as an African American clerk supervising a white employee. Touches on race, education, and the meaning of the war.","Writing to Charles from Chicago, Zelda talks about her feelings for him and her thoughts about him joining the army. 3 letters and a valentine card.","Writing to Charles from Williamsburg, Zelda gives news of her errands and friends, and of Charles' family members and shop. 3 letters.","Letters and forms related to Wallace Randall Parker's application for soldier dependents' benefits. Charles's uncle, Parker also gives family news.","Two letters to Charles from his mother Georgia Randall giving news of her health and of their relatives. One letter from his niece Audrey Piggott and one from his sister Edith, who conveys news from home and says their mother is worried about him being in the army.","3 Letters and a postcard from a fellow soldier. Kinnamon sends news of Charles' family and shop, which he has visited while on furlough; gives advice on being in the army; promises to keep sending Charles the Virginia Gazette; plans on meeting in Lousiana; and details an itinerary from New Orleans to Williamsburg for Charles' furlough.","Private Carol Carter from the air force, talking about his experience since drafted; Postcard from private Robert Gibson; Richard F. Hammond, writing from the U.S. Naval Mine Depot in Yorktown about his health and advising Charles to seek fellow Elks in New Orleans; Thank you note from Lieut. Byron C. Herbert Jr; Private George M. Jackson, giving news of health and problems with mail; Mary B. King, sending news of Williamsburg's friends and her husband's army address.","Postcard from soldier Randolph; V-Mail from Sgt Allen Vaughn, serving in the Pacific; two V-Mail messages from soldier Edward Ward, asking Charles to visit his girlfriend to bring her news; letters from private Richard \"Dick\" West about his Texas unit, which is to be broken up soon.","Notebook kept by Mr. Gary, likely while training for becoming an officer. Contains notes on teaching techniques, building morale, crafting lesson plans, analysis skills, map reading, and a diagram of the Allied high command.","Includes a document \"Instructions to Port Checkers for Tallying Oversea Shipments Received at N.O.P.E.\" and an application form for national service life insurance.","Two photographs, one of a couple and one of Mr. Gary and a friend in soldiers' uniforms.","5 items circa 1880s-1910s","Circa 1940s-1950s","4 items in cardboard frames. Signed by Ann Bruce, Betty [niece], Skipper, and Edythe [niece] to Mr. and Mrs. Gary.","One portrait in cardboard frame, to \"Nurse Gary\" from her nephew Clifton. Frame included other loose school portraits, one identified as Jerome Randolph Jr.","Likely a wedding photograph from circa 1950s. Cardboard frame included 5 loose portraits of children.","Includes one from class of 1980, signed Annette Richard, and one from class of 2005. Most unidentified and undated.","Labeled \"Service S[?], Williamsburg VA.\" Possibly a valet and service team at a Williamsburg hotel.","Most unidentified and undated.","Includes a few matching negatives.","Includes a photocopy of the original envelope labeled \"Mrs. Williams Xmas Party Gary.\" One negative identified as \"Little Eddie A. Sasl[is]\".","On Duke of Gloucester Street, circa 1970s-1980s.","Features nautical scenes and a show.","Various photographs and negatives found together in photo developing envelopes. Photocopies of original envelope included.","Larger materials","Recognizing two years of membership for Mr. Gary","Hamlet Public School District, NC, 1936; Saint Agnes Hospital Training School for Nurses, NC, 1939; North Carolina Board of Nurse Examiners, 1939; Cook County Graduate School of Medicine, IL, 1944. Folder also includes 3 flower prints kept behind the diplomas in original frames.","Photograph album pages with informal portraits, circa 1940s. Some photographs are identified. The folder also houses several documents relating to Mrs. Zelda Gary that were found loose in the album, including report cards from Hamlet Public Schools for the years 1932-1936, an employment offer, North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company documents, a 1976 certificate of service from the Union Batptist Church, as well as loose photographs. Damaged album binding removed for preservation purposes.","Personal artifacts comprise Mr. Gary's World War II dog tag, an Eastern Connecticut State University watch, two address rubber stamps, and a 1933 Maryland Public Schools medal for the Playground Athletic League.","This series contains legal and business records documenting the operations of Mr. Gary's tailoring and dry-cleaning business, the West End Valet Shop, as well as family estates. Detailed business ledgers survive for the years 1944 to 1953. Legal documents comprise leases and deeds signed by Mr. and Mrs. Gary, as well as deeds, plats, and other materials about estate settlements concerning the related Gary, Randall, Parker, Peagley, Baker, and Outten families.","Monthly reports of spendings and earnings at the West End Valet Shop sent to Mr. Gary during his military service by the shop's secretary, H.J. Sasser. Also includes a letter with news of the shop.","Monthly reports from H.J. Sasser kept with two letters about the business and news of Williamsburg connections.","Monthly reports from H. J. Sasser and one letter.","Folder also includes a \"Home Plan Service Building Contract,\" inserted in the binder with the ledger pages. Original binder containing ledger pages from 1947 Oct.-1948 Dec. and the 1948 payroll separated for preservation reasons.","Original binder containing ledger pages for the year 1949 separated for preservation reasons.","Some pages are missing.","Also includes personal spendings and loose computation sheets.","Original binder containing ledger pages from 1951 Dec.-1952 Dec. and the 1952 payroll separated for preservation reasons.","Also includes a loose 1948 check on the West End Valet Shop.","Original binder containing ledger pages from 1953 Jan.-1954 Jan. and the 1953 payroll separated for preservation reasons.","Copies of letters sent by Mr. Gary with information about orders and supplies.","Copies of 3 letters sent by Mr. Gary transmitting information about the shop and proposals for advertisements.","Copies of 3 letters sent by Mr. Gary","Includes a series of photographs of Mr. Gary in his shop and of his equipment taken by a Colonial Williamsburg photographer in 1977, one of which was selected for the newspaper article \"A Tailor-made Gift for CW.\"","Articles \"Dry Cleaning Equipment Given to CW\" and \"A Tailor-Made Gift for CW\" regarding Mr. Gary's donation of his 1948 Hoffman dry cleaner to Colonial Williamsburg","Includes, among others, a 1956 guidebook \"Laws Relating to Notaries Public\" by the Commonwealth of Virginia, and a certificate and membership card from the Notaries Public Association.","Rolled-up and brittle item","Documents found in a folder labeled \"Buck Henry Randall Estate,\" of which Charles Gary was a beneficiary. Randall married Charles' mother Georgia Parker after her divorce with Charlie Gary Sr.","Legal documents concerning Mr. Gary's sister Celestine and her husband.","Documentation about the partition of Mr. Gary's father's property between the related Gary, Peagler, Parker, Outten, and Baker families.","Charles Gary's uncle on his mother's side. Comprises a bill of estate settlement costs and a plat of Parker's estate near Ironbound Rd.","Letter and deeds pertaining to a court case about Randall family property.","Documents found in a folder labeled \"Peagler File\" pertaining to Mr. Gary's nephew Owen Peagley, including a curriculum vitae (see Civic Life, series 3, box 5, folder 11), notes about a deed and family property transaction, and a survey map of the Charles E. Gary Sr. estate to be partitioned.","Includes inspection reports of the Ironbound Road property and copy of the deed.","Documents found in a folder labeled \"Charles Gary Life Estate Parcel 041\" from the Virginia Department of Transportation about rights of way for the Ironbound Road property.","Short testimony about the history of businesses at 204 Armistead Avenue, letters, and maps regarding a Williamsburg development project.","Mostly regarding loans and deeds of trust","Suit label from the West End Valet Shop in Williamsburg, Virginia, circa 1965. The shop was owned and operated by Charles Gary. Mr. Gary made two suits for Mr. Jerry Van Voorhis between 1964 and 1965. This label is from one of those suits which Mr. Van Voorhis' used as his wedding suit in 1966. At the time of the label donation, the suit was still in the possession of Mr. Van Voorhis and was reported to be in excellent condition, a testament to the talent of Mr. Gary and his workmanship.","Artifacts relating to Mr. Gary's business and professional life comprise four West End Valet Shop rubber stamps, a table bell, a clothing label customized to Mr. Gary, a measuring tape, two signature rubber stamps, a notary public rubber stamp, and a notary public metal stamp.","This series encompasses materials and artifacts documenting Mr. Gary's active civic life in the Williamsburg area community. In addition to serving on a citizen advisory committee, the Williamsburg James City County Chamber of Commerce, and the Virginia State Board of Elections, Mr. Gary participated in the services of several local baptist churches and was a member of the Improved Benevolent Protective Order of Elks of the World (Old Capitol Lodge No. 629) for over 70 years. The bulk of this series relates to church and Order of Elks service. Of note are several typescripts and handwritten drafts of speeches delivered by Mr. Gary in those contexts. Most are unsigned but accompanied of the official service programs listing speakers.","Certificates highlighting Mr. Gary's involvement and support of various institutions such as the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis, the National Council of Negro Women, the Williamsburg James City County Chamber of Commerce, the Frontiers of America, and the New Zion Baptist Church.","Mostly from the Order of Elks","1975 voter registration record, and documents pertaining to Mr. Gary's appointment as an officer on the Board, including a 1983 manual \"Instructions for Officers of Elections.\"","Ceremony programs, as well as annotated typescripts and handwritten drafts of speeches given by Mr. Gary during Men's Day services at the First Baptist Church of Williamsburg and Shiloh Baptist Church. Includes welcome addresses and a 1967 speech entitled \"The Negro Man and his Family\" in which Mr. Gary reflects on the history of African American families in the United States, current social and racial issues, and biblical views on the importance of the family.","Speech delivered by Mr. Gary during a service with the Order of Elks held at Mount Ararat Baptist Church, discussing death, community service, the principles of the order, and the limits of wealth and materialism. Also includes a program of the ceremony.","Delivered at a Brotherhood [Order of Elks?] breakfast. Discusses employer and employee behavior, black and white patronage, racial pride; compares the fate of African American and Jewish businesses in America; and suggests avenues for the future.","Includes service programs, typescripts of introduction speeches, and biographical notes relating to various speakers at baptist churches: Rev. Ed. Bailey, Dr. Ollie Bowman, Dr. George W. Grayson, Rev. J. H. Moody.","Speakers Shade Joseph Palmer, R. G. Parker, and Owen F. Peagler.","Speakers Att. William T. Stone, Rev. James B. Tabb, Alfred K. Talbot Jr., Wilbert Wallace.","Typescripts and handwritten drafts of speeches given during anniversary, appreciation, and dedication services at various baptist churches in the Williamsburg area. Also includes some corresponding service programs.","Photocopy of a typescript of a speech discussing family in the Bible, religion and church in African American communities, family as a social formation in the United States, and the role of men and women in church and family. Undated and unsigned. Clipped to a 1970 note from Ollie M. Bowman, a professor at Hampton Institute and deacon in the Presbyterian church, who was perhaps the author or the sender of the speech.","Five items from different baptist churches in the Williamsburg area.","Found in a folder labeled \"Church Paperwork\"","Certificate of award, membership card, and undated bank form for deposit by authority of lodge.","36 photographs and several negative slides found in a photo developing enveloped labeled \"Elks.\"","Among other photographs are four formal group portraits.","Found in a photo developing envelope without any annotation, possibly of an Order of Elks ceremony.","Artifacts related to Mr. Gary's civic involvement comprise a 1936 Order of Elks delegate medal, a small Frontiers of America metal pin, another small metal pin with unreadable association, and an Order of Elks Old Capital Lodge rubber stamp.","Textile artifacts relating to Mr. Gary's civic involvement comprise an \"I.B.P.O.E. of W.\" stiched hat, an American Legion of Williamsburg, VA, hat, as well as an Order of Elks ceremonial collar."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Improved Benevolent Protective Order of Elks of the World","West End Valet Shop (Williamsburg, Va.)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Improved Benevolent Protective Order of Elks of the World","West End Valet Shop (Williamsburg, Va.)","Gary, Zelda DeBerry"],"persname_ssim":["Gary, Charles Edward Jr. , 1907-2001","Gary, Zelda DeBerry"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Improved Benevolent Protective Order of Elks of the World","West End Valet Shop (Williamsburg, Va.)","Gary, Charles Edward Jr. , 1907-2001","Gary, Zelda DeBerry"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":142,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:41:18.235Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_105"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"College of William and Mary","value":"College of William and Mary","hits":167},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=World+War%2C+1939-1945\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=College+of+William+and+Mary\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"George Mason University","value":"George Mason 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Washington","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=World+War%2C+1939-1945\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Mary+Washington\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"University of Richmond","value":"University of Richmond","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=World+War%2C+1939-1945\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Richmond\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept.","value":"University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept.","hits":13},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=World+War%2C+1939-1945\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept.\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Virginia Military Institute Archives","value":"Virginia Military Institute 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Franklin Kibler papers, 1943/1952","value":"A. Franklin Kibler papers, 1943/1952","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=World+War%2C+1939-1945\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=A.+Franklin+Kibler+papers%2C+1943%2F1952\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A. L. Monk letter, 1944","value":"A. L. 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