{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=World+War%2C+1914-1918\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1928\u0026page=5","prev":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=World+War%2C+1914-1918\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1928\u0026page=4","next":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=World+War%2C+1914-1918\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1928\u0026page=6","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=World+War%2C+1914-1918\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1928\u0026page=8"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":5,"next_page":6,"prev_page":4,"total_pages":8,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":40,"total_count":79,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_509","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"John W. Downer collection, 1914/1966","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_509#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Downer, John W. (John Walter), 1881-1977","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_509#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection (three items) consists of items related to John W. Downer, including: \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOne cased scrapbook presented to him on his 85th birthday in November 1966. The scrapbook contains biographical information, and documents and photographs detailing his military career, including his service in France during World War I.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOne mounted photograph of Downer.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDowner's presentation copy of the book \"Report of the American Olympic Committee, Seventh Olympic Games, Antwerp, Belgium, 1920.\"\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_509#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_509","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_509","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_509","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_509","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_509.xml","title_ssm":["John W. Downer collection"],"title_tesim":["John W. 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In 1920 he was a member of the United States Riding Team at the Seventh Olympic Games and served as an American representative on the United States Olympic Committee.","This collection (three items) consists of items related to John W. Downer, including:\n\nOne cased scrapbook presented to him on his 85th birthday in November 1966. The scrapbook contains biographical information, and documents and photographs detailing his military career, including his service in France during World War I.\nOne mounted photograph of Downer.\nDowner's presentation copy of the book \"Report of the American Olympic Committee, Seventh Olympic Games, Antwerp, Belgium, 1920.\"","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Downer, John W. (John Walter), 1881-1977","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["John W. Downer collection, 1914/1966"],"collection_ssim":["John W. Downer collection, 1914/1966"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0430","/repositories/3/resources/509"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0430","/repositories/3/resources/509"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Downer, John W. (John Walter), 1881-1977"],"creator_ssim":["Downer, John W. (John Walter), 1881-1977"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Downer, John W. (John Walter), 1881-1977"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creators_ssim":["Downer, John W. (John Walter), 1881-1977","Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["United States. Army—Officers—Biography","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1902","Olympics -- History","World War, 1914-1918","United States. Army—American Expeditionary Forces","United States. -- Army. -- Field Artillery, 6th","Scrapbooks","Keepsakes (books)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["United States. Army—Officers—Biography","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1902","Olympics -- History","World War, 1914-1918","United States. 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From 1901 to 1943 he served in the United States Army and was with the American Expeditionary Force, commanding 1st and later 2nd Battalions, 6th Field Artillery in France during World War I. In 1920 he was a member of the United States Riding Team at the Seventh Olympic Games and served as an American representative on the United States Olympic Committee.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["John Walter Downer (1881-1977) graduated from VMI in 1902. From 1901 to 1943 he served in the United States Army and was with the American Expeditionary Force, commanding 1st and later 2nd Battalions, 6th Field Artillery in France during World War I. In 1920 he was a member of the United States Riding Team at the Seventh Olympic Games and served as an American representative on the United States Olympic Committee."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn W. Downer collection, 1914-1966. MS 0430. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["John W. Downer collection, 1914-1966. MS 0430. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection (three items) consists of items related to John W. Downer, including:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOne cased scrapbook presented to him on his 85th birthday in November 1966. The scrapbook contains biographical information, and documents and photographs detailing his military career, including his service in France during World War I.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOne mounted photograph of Downer.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDowner's presentation copy of the book \"Report of the American Olympic Committee, Seventh Olympic Games, Antwerp, Belgium, 1920.\"\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection (three items) consists of items related to John W. Downer, including:\n\nOne cased scrapbook presented to him on his 85th birthday in November 1966. The scrapbook contains biographical information, and documents and photographs detailing his military career, including his service in France during World War I.\nOne mounted photograph of Downer.\nDowner's presentation copy of the book \"Report of the American Olympic Committee, Seventh Olympic Games, Antwerp, Belgium, 1920.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_4ff52da58a847fb4341c4229d4278372\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Downer, John W. (John Walter), 1881-1977"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Downer, John W. (John Walter), 1881-1977"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:37:30.860Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_509","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_509","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_509","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_509","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_509.xml","title_ssm":["John W. Downer collection"],"title_tesim":["John W. Downer collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1914-1966"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1914-1966"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1914/1966"],"normalized_title_ssm":["John W. Downer collection, 1914/1966"],"text":["John W. Downer collection, 1914/1966","MS.0430","/repositories/3/resources/509","United States. Army—Officers—Biography","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1902","Olympics -- History","World War, 1914-1918","United States. Army—American Expeditionary Forces","United States. -- Army. -- Field Artillery, 6th","Scrapbooks","Keepsakes (books)","There are no restrictions.","World War I service record and documents are available online","John Walter Downer (1881-1977) graduated from VMI in 1902. From 1901 to 1943 he served in the United States Army and was with the American Expeditionary Force, commanding 1st and later 2nd Battalions, 6th Field Artillery in France during World War I. In 1920 he was a member of the United States Riding Team at the Seventh Olympic Games and served as an American representative on the United States Olympic Committee.","This collection (three items) consists of items related to John W. Downer, including:\n\nOne cased scrapbook presented to him on his 85th birthday in November 1966. The scrapbook contains biographical information, and documents and photographs detailing his military career, including his service in France during World War I.\nOne mounted photograph of Downer.\nDowner's presentation copy of the book \"Report of the American Olympic Committee, Seventh Olympic Games, Antwerp, Belgium, 1920.\"","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Downer, John W. (John Walter), 1881-1977","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["John W. Downer collection, 1914/1966"],"collection_ssim":["John W. Downer collection, 1914/1966"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0430","/repositories/3/resources/509"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0430","/repositories/3/resources/509"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Downer, John W. (John Walter), 1881-1977"],"creator_ssim":["Downer, John W. (John Walter), 1881-1977"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Downer, John W. (John Walter), 1881-1977"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creators_ssim":["Downer, John W. (John Walter), 1881-1977","Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["United States. Army—Officers—Biography","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1902","Olympics -- History","World War, 1914-1918","United States. Army—American Expeditionary Forces","United States. -- Army. -- Field Artillery, 6th","Scrapbooks","Keepsakes (books)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["United States. Army—Officers—Biography","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1902","Olympics -- History","World War, 1914-1918","United States. 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From 1901 to 1943 he served in the United States Army and was with the American Expeditionary Force, commanding 1st and later 2nd Battalions, 6th Field Artillery in France during World War I. In 1920 he was a member of the United States Riding Team at the Seventh Olympic Games and served as an American representative on the United States Olympic Committee.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["John Walter Downer (1881-1977) graduated from VMI in 1902. From 1901 to 1943 he served in the United States Army and was with the American Expeditionary Force, commanding 1st and later 2nd Battalions, 6th Field Artillery in France during World War I. In 1920 he was a member of the United States Riding Team at the Seventh Olympic Games and served as an American representative on the United States Olympic Committee."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn W. Downer collection, 1914-1966. MS 0430. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["John W. Downer collection, 1914-1966. MS 0430. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection (three items) consists of items related to John W. Downer, including:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOne cased scrapbook presented to him on his 85th birthday in November 1966. The scrapbook contains biographical information, and documents and photographs detailing his military career, including his service in France during World War I.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOne mounted photograph of Downer.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDowner's presentation copy of the book \"Report of the American Olympic Committee, Seventh Olympic Games, Antwerp, Belgium, 1920.\"\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection (three items) consists of items related to John W. Downer, including:\n\nOne cased scrapbook presented to him on his 85th birthday in November 1966. The scrapbook contains biographical information, and documents and photographs detailing his military career, including his service in France during World War I.\nOne mounted photograph of Downer.\nDowner's presentation copy of the book \"Report of the American Olympic Committee, Seventh Olympic Games, Antwerp, Belgium, 1920.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_4ff52da58a847fb4341c4229d4278372\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Downer, John W. (John Walter), 1881-1977"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Downer, John W. (John Walter), 1881-1977"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:37:30.860Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_509"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2575","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Joseph F. Ware Collection, 1900/1971, bulk 1915/1920","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2575#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Ware, Joseph F., 1880-1969","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2575#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The collection contains 102 letters from Joseph F. Ware to his wife, Susie, in Blacksburg, Virginia, while he was serving overseas during and after World War I. The other significant portion of this collection contains nearly 200 photographs.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2575#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2575","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2575","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2575","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2575","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2575.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Ware, Joseph F., Collection","title_ssm":["Joseph F. Ware Collection"],"title_tesim":["Joseph F. Ware Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1900-1971","1915-1920"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1900-1971"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1915-1920"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1900/1971, bulk 1915/1920"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Joseph F. Ware Collection, 1900/1971, bulk 1915/1920"],"text":["Joseph F. Ware Collection, 1900/1971, bulk 1915/1920","Ms.2010.022","Blacksburg (Va.)","Faculty and staff","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)","Students and alumni","University History","World War, 1914-1918","The collection is open for research.","There is a photograph of Joseph F. Ware archived online.","The collection is arranged in three series:","Series I: Correspondence, 1910-1928, contains over 100 letters written by Joseph F. Ware or members of the Robinson-Ware families.","The early letters were written to Susie from Ware's station at Empire, Panama at the beginning of what would become their extended separation. One letter describes this painful separation when Ware writes, \"I cannot explain the terrible agony of this separation and if I think of it I will go mad. Surely you know . . . you can never doubt my love.\" Typical letters reflect the difficulties of communication in a long-distance marriage and discuss family events like the birth of Joseph Ware Jr. and the loss of their second child soon after his birth. The separation took a toll on their relationship, as well. In one letter, he refers to a note previously written by Susie that compared being married to a man she never sees as being \"worse than a myth-not present or tangible but still a reality.\"","The letters from Europe are purposefully vague to abide by the military censorship standards of the time. As Ware tells Susie, \"my letters must all go through the Central Censor's Office so you must learn to read between the lines.\" Throughout the European letters, Ware gives us hints of the military life and his action \"in the trenches\". He makes mention of his many responsibilities and frequent travels as the Chief Signal Officer. Ware refers to himself as being known as \"the hardest-boiled officer in these forces.\" Ware contemplates resigning from the military when he bemoans that the \"services are run by politics.\" Ware captures the sentiment of many at the time when he writes, \"When I think of the many excellent men who did not come back, it seems that we have paid an awful price.\" This series is arranged chronologically.","Series II: Photographs has three subseries. Subseries A: Identified, contents identified by first name only with a few exceptions. Subseries B: Dated, c.1900s-1971, contents include photographs that are dated, but have little to no additional information. This series is in chronological order. Subseries C: Unidentified, contents include photographs with no information.","Series III: Ephemera, 1912-1950s, n.d., contents include cards, announcements, programs, and receipts. This series is arranged by material type.","Joseph Fulton Ware served as Commandant to the the Virginia Polytechnic Institute Corps of Cadets and professor of Military Science and Tactics from 1911 to 1914. Ware was First Lieutenant of the 16th U. S. Infantry and was assigned the State Militia rank of Colonel. Ware was nicknamed \"Bald Knob\" in reference to his lack of hair.","Joseph Ware was born December 22, 1880 in Fort Monroe, Virginia from an Army family. He enrolled at Virginia Tech as a cadet and graduated in 1903. While a student at Virginia Tech, Ware excelled in sports and academics. He played both baseball and football and was an All-Southern end for the Gridmen. He was a cadet Lieutenant in the Artillery Battery, assistant manager of The Bugle, vice-president of the Athletic Association, and Captain of the baseball team and was voted \"Best All-Around Cadet.\"","After his tenure at VPI, Ware received a Second Lieutenant of Infantry commission in the Regular United States Army and served in the Philippines, Alaska, and Europe during World War I. In World War I, Ware served in three divisions: the 4th, 80th, and 83rd; two corps: the 3rd and the 9th; and two armies: the 1st and the 2nd. Ware received the position of Chief Signal Officer and the rank of Major. Ware was a part of the major American movements in France: Soissons, Chateau Thierry, St. Mihiel, the Argonne, and the push of the 2nd before Armistice Day. He received injuries from gas and shrapnel from fighting in the trenches and was recommended for the Distinguished Service Cross from the United States government. The French Ordre de 'lEtoile Noire awarded Ware the Legion of Honor and the Croix de Guerre.","Ware married Susana \"Susie\" Howe Robinson on October 29, 1914, at the Blacksburg Presbyterian Church in Blacksburg, Virginia. Susie gave birth to their son, Joseph Fulton Ware, Jr., in 1917. Joseph Ware, Jr. also attended Virginia Tech and received one of the first mechanical engineering degrees with an aeronautical option offered by Virginia Tech in 1937. Joseph Ware, Jr. subsequently received a master's degree from Cal Tech and spent his career as a flight test engineer at Lockheed Corporation. Virginia Tech has an engineering lab named after him, the \"Joseph Fulton Ware, Jr. Advanced Engineering Lab.\"","External sources:","Ancestry.com. 1900 United States Federal Census [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2004.","Temple, Harry Downing, and Floyd Richard Vranian. The Bugle's Echo: A Chronology of Cadet Life at the Military College at Blacksburg, Virginia, the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and the Virginia Polytechnic Institute. [Blacksburg, Va.]: Virginia Tech Corps of Cadets Alumni, 1996.","The guide to the Joseph F. Ware Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Joseph F. Ware Collection commenced in March 2010 and was completed in May 2010.","The collection contains correspondence, photographs, and ephemera. The majority of the letters are from Joseph Ware, but the collection includes a few other letters from extended family and friends.","Joseph Ware wrote many letters while he was in military service to his wife, Susie, back home in Blacksburg, Virginia. These letters were written while Ware was stationed in Panama, New York, France, and Germany, and detail the challenges of military life. The European letters were written during WWI and include descriptions of Ware's time in the trenches and his responsibilities as Chief Signal Officer. A significant portion of the letters denote family events and relationships.","In addition to letters, the collection also contains approximately 200 photographs of the Ware family and friends. Other materials include miscellaneous photographs, cards, receipts, and memorabilia.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The collection contains 102 letters from Joseph F. Ware to his wife, Susie, in Blacksburg, Virginia, while he was serving overseas during and after World War I. The other significant portion of this collection contains nearly 200 photographs.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute. Corps of Cadets (1896-1944)","Ware, Joseph F., 1880-1969","Ware, Susana Howe Robinson, b. abt. 1897","The material in the collection is in English."],"collection_title_tesim":["Joseph F. Ware Collection, 1900/1971, bulk 1915/1920"],"collection_ssim":["Joseph F. Ware Collection, 1900/1971, bulk 1915/1920"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2010.022"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2010.022"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Blacksburg (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Blacksburg (Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Blacksburg (Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Ware, Joseph F., 1880-1969","Ware, Susana Howe Robinson, b. abt. 1897"],"creator_ssim":["Ware, Joseph F., 1880-1969","Ware, Susana Howe Robinson, b. abt. 1897"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Ware, Joseph F., 1880-1969","Ware, Susana Howe Robinson, b. abt. 1897"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute. Corps of Cadets (1896-1944)"],"creators_ssim":["Ware, Joseph F., 1880-1969","Ware, Susana Howe Robinson, b. abt. 1897","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute. Corps of Cadets (1896-1944)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Joseph F. Ware Collection was purchased by Special Collections in November 2009."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Faculty and staff","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)","Students and alumni","University History","World War, 1914-1918"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Faculty and staff","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)","Students and alumni","University History","World War, 1914-1918"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.8 Cubic Feet 2 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["0.8 Cubic Feet 2 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere is \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20100807015324/spec.lib.vt.edu/specgen/images/jware\"\u003ea photograph of Joseph F. Ware archived online\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["There is a photograph of Joseph F. Ware archived online."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in three series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries I: Correspondence, 1910-1928, contains over 100 letters written by Joseph F. Ware or members of the Robinson-Ware families. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe early letters were written to Susie from Ware's station at Empire, Panama at the beginning of what would become their extended separation. One letter describes this painful separation when Ware writes, \"I cannot explain the terrible agony of this separation and if I think of it I will go mad. Surely you know . . . you can never doubt my love.\" Typical letters reflect the difficulties of communication in a long-distance marriage and discuss family events like the birth of Joseph Ware Jr. and the loss of their second child soon after his birth. The separation took a toll on their relationship, as well. In one letter, he refers to a note previously written by Susie that compared being married to a man she never sees as being \"worse than a myth-not present or tangible but still a reality.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe letters from Europe are purposefully vague to abide by the military censorship standards of the time. As Ware tells Susie, \"my letters must all go through the Central Censor's Office so you must learn to read between the lines.\" Throughout the European letters, Ware gives us hints of the military life and his action \"in the trenches\". He makes mention of his many responsibilities and frequent travels as the Chief Signal Officer. Ware refers to himself as being known as \"the hardest-boiled officer in these forces.\" Ware contemplates resigning from the military when he bemoans that the \"services are run by politics.\" Ware captures the sentiment of many at the time when he writes, \"When I think of the many excellent men who did not come back, it seems that we have paid an awful price.\" This series is arranged chronologically. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries II: Photographs has three subseries. Subseries A: Identified, contents identified by first name only with a few exceptions. Subseries B: Dated, c.1900s-1971, contents include photographs that are dated, but have little to no additional information. This series is in chronological order. Subseries C: Unidentified, contents include photographs with no information. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries III: Ephemera, 1912-1950s, n.d., contents include cards, announcements, programs, and receipts. This series is arranged by material type.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in three series:","Series I: Correspondence, 1910-1928, contains over 100 letters written by Joseph F. Ware or members of the Robinson-Ware families.","The early letters were written to Susie from Ware's station at Empire, Panama at the beginning of what would become their extended separation. One letter describes this painful separation when Ware writes, \"I cannot explain the terrible agony of this separation and if I think of it I will go mad. Surely you know . . . you can never doubt my love.\" Typical letters reflect the difficulties of communication in a long-distance marriage and discuss family events like the birth of Joseph Ware Jr. and the loss of their second child soon after his birth. The separation took a toll on their relationship, as well. In one letter, he refers to a note previously written by Susie that compared being married to a man she never sees as being \"worse than a myth-not present or tangible but still a reality.\"","The letters from Europe are purposefully vague to abide by the military censorship standards of the time. As Ware tells Susie, \"my letters must all go through the Central Censor's Office so you must learn to read between the lines.\" Throughout the European letters, Ware gives us hints of the military life and his action \"in the trenches\". He makes mention of his many responsibilities and frequent travels as the Chief Signal Officer. Ware refers to himself as being known as \"the hardest-boiled officer in these forces.\" Ware contemplates resigning from the military when he bemoans that the \"services are run by politics.\" Ware captures the sentiment of many at the time when he writes, \"When I think of the many excellent men who did not come back, it seems that we have paid an awful price.\" This series is arranged chronologically.","Series II: Photographs has three subseries. Subseries A: Identified, contents identified by first name only with a few exceptions. Subseries B: Dated, c.1900s-1971, contents include photographs that are dated, but have little to no additional information. This series is in chronological order. Subseries C: Unidentified, contents include photographs with no information.","Series III: Ephemera, 1912-1950s, n.d., contents include cards, announcements, programs, and receipts. This series is arranged by material type."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJoseph Fulton Ware served as Commandant to the the Virginia Polytechnic Institute Corps of Cadets and professor of Military Science and Tactics from 1911 to 1914. Ware was First Lieutenant of the 16th U. S. Infantry and was assigned the State Militia rank of Colonel. Ware was nicknamed \"Bald Knob\" in reference to his lack of hair. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJoseph Ware was born December 22, 1880 in Fort Monroe, Virginia from an Army family. He enrolled at Virginia Tech as a cadet and graduated in 1903. While a student at Virginia Tech, Ware excelled in sports and academics. He played both baseball and football and was an All-Southern end for the Gridmen. He was a cadet Lieutenant in the Artillery Battery, assistant manager of The Bugle, vice-president of the Athletic Association, and Captain of the baseball team and was voted \"Best All-Around Cadet.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter his tenure at VPI, Ware received a Second Lieutenant of Infantry commission in the Regular United States Army and served in the Philippines, Alaska, and Europe during World War I. In World War I, Ware served in three divisions: the 4th, 80th, and 83rd; two corps: the 3rd and the 9th; and two armies: the 1st and the 2nd. Ware received the position of Chief Signal Officer and the rank of Major. Ware was a part of the major American movements in France: Soissons, Chateau Thierry, St. Mihiel, the Argonne, and the push of the 2nd before Armistice Day. He received injuries from gas and shrapnel from fighting in the trenches and was recommended for the Distinguished Service Cross from the United States government. The French Ordre de 'lEtoile Noire awarded Ware the Legion of Honor and the Croix de Guerre.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWare married Susana \"Susie\" Howe Robinson on October 29, 1914, at the Blacksburg Presbyterian Church in Blacksburg, Virginia. Susie gave birth to their son, Joseph Fulton Ware, Jr., in 1917. Joseph Ware, Jr. also attended Virginia Tech and received one of the first mechanical engineering degrees with an aeronautical option offered by Virginia Tech in 1937. Joseph Ware, Jr. subsequently received a master's degree from Cal Tech and spent his career as a flight test engineer at Lockheed Corporation. Virginia Tech has an engineering lab named after him, the \"Joseph Fulton Ware, Jr. Advanced Engineering Lab.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExternal sources:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAncestry.com. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003e1900 United States Federal Census\u003c/title\u003e [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2004. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTemple, Harry Downing, and Floyd Richard Vranian. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Bugle's Echo: A Chronology of Cadet Life at the Military College at Blacksburg, Virginia, the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and the Virginia Polytechnic Institute.\u003c/title\u003e [Blacksburg, Va.]: Virginia Tech Corps of Cadets Alumni, 1996. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Joseph Fulton Ware served as Commandant to the the Virginia Polytechnic Institute Corps of Cadets and professor of Military Science and Tactics from 1911 to 1914. Ware was First Lieutenant of the 16th U. S. Infantry and was assigned the State Militia rank of Colonel. Ware was nicknamed \"Bald Knob\" in reference to his lack of hair.","Joseph Ware was born December 22, 1880 in Fort Monroe, Virginia from an Army family. He enrolled at Virginia Tech as a cadet and graduated in 1903. While a student at Virginia Tech, Ware excelled in sports and academics. He played both baseball and football and was an All-Southern end for the Gridmen. He was a cadet Lieutenant in the Artillery Battery, assistant manager of The Bugle, vice-president of the Athletic Association, and Captain of the baseball team and was voted \"Best All-Around Cadet.\"","After his tenure at VPI, Ware received a Second Lieutenant of Infantry commission in the Regular United States Army and served in the Philippines, Alaska, and Europe during World War I. In World War I, Ware served in three divisions: the 4th, 80th, and 83rd; two corps: the 3rd and the 9th; and two armies: the 1st and the 2nd. Ware received the position of Chief Signal Officer and the rank of Major. Ware was a part of the major American movements in France: Soissons, Chateau Thierry, St. Mihiel, the Argonne, and the push of the 2nd before Armistice Day. He received injuries from gas and shrapnel from fighting in the trenches and was recommended for the Distinguished Service Cross from the United States government. The French Ordre de 'lEtoile Noire awarded Ware the Legion of Honor and the Croix de Guerre.","Ware married Susana \"Susie\" Howe Robinson on October 29, 1914, at the Blacksburg Presbyterian Church in Blacksburg, Virginia. Susie gave birth to their son, Joseph Fulton Ware, Jr., in 1917. Joseph Ware, Jr. also attended Virginia Tech and received one of the first mechanical engineering degrees with an aeronautical option offered by Virginia Tech in 1937. Joseph Ware, Jr. subsequently received a master's degree from Cal Tech and spent his career as a flight test engineer at Lockheed Corporation. Virginia Tech has an engineering lab named after him, the \"Joseph Fulton Ware, Jr. Advanced Engineering Lab.\"","External sources:","Ancestry.com. 1900 United States Federal Census [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2004.","Temple, Harry Downing, and Floyd Richard Vranian. The Bugle's Echo: A Chronology of Cadet Life at the Military College at Blacksburg, Virginia, the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and the Virginia Polytechnic Institute. [Blacksburg, Va.]: Virginia Tech Corps of Cadets Alumni, 1996."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Joseph F. Ware Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Joseph F. Ware Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Joseph F. Ware Collection , Ms2010-022, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Joseph F. Ware Collection , Ms2010-022, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Joseph F. Ware Collection commenced in March 2010 and was completed in May 2010.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Joseph F. Ware Collection commenced in March 2010 and was completed in May 2010."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains correspondence, photographs, and ephemera. The majority of the letters are from Joseph Ware, but the collection includes a few other letters from extended family and friends. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJoseph Ware wrote many letters while he was in military service to his wife, Susie, back home in Blacksburg, Virginia. These letters were written while Ware was stationed in Panama, New York, France, and Germany, and detail the challenges of military life. The European letters were written during WWI and include descriptions of Ware's time in the trenches and his responsibilities as Chief Signal Officer. A significant portion of the letters denote family events and relationships. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to letters, the collection also contains approximately 200 photographs of the Ware family and friends. Other materials include miscellaneous photographs, cards, receipts, and memorabilia. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains correspondence, photographs, and ephemera. The majority of the letters are from Joseph Ware, but the collection includes a few other letters from extended family and friends.","Joseph Ware wrote many letters while he was in military service to his wife, Susie, back home in Blacksburg, Virginia. These letters were written while Ware was stationed in Panama, New York, France, and Germany, and detail the challenges of military life. The European letters were written during WWI and include descriptions of Ware's time in the trenches and his responsibilities as Chief Signal Officer. A significant portion of the letters denote family events and relationships.","In addition to letters, the collection also contains approximately 200 photographs of the Ware family and friends. Other materials include miscellaneous photographs, cards, receipts, and memorabilia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_0496a1066cf423a4646afa20d869bb22\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection contains 102 letters from Joseph F. Ware to his wife, Susie, in Blacksburg, Virginia, while he was serving overseas during and after World War I. The other significant portion of this collection contains nearly 200 photographs.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The collection contains 102 letters from Joseph F. Ware to his wife, Susie, in Blacksburg, Virginia, while he was serving overseas during and after World War I. The other significant portion of this collection contains nearly 200 photographs."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute. Corps of Cadets (1896-1944)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute. Corps of Cadets (1896-1944)"],"persname_ssim":["Ware, Joseph F., 1880-1969","Ware, Susana Howe Robinson, b. abt. 1897"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute. Corps of Cadets (1896-1944)","Ware, Joseph F., 1880-1969","Ware, Susana Howe Robinson, b. abt. 1897"],"language_ssim":["The material in the collection is in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":16,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:30:59.961Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2575","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2575","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2575","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2575","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2575.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Ware, Joseph F., Collection","title_ssm":["Joseph F. Ware Collection"],"title_tesim":["Joseph F. Ware Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1900-1971","1915-1920"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1900-1971"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1915-1920"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1900/1971, bulk 1915/1920"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Joseph F. Ware Collection, 1900/1971, bulk 1915/1920"],"text":["Joseph F. Ware Collection, 1900/1971, bulk 1915/1920","Ms.2010.022","Blacksburg (Va.)","Faculty and staff","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)","Students and alumni","University History","World War, 1914-1918","The collection is open for research.","There is a photograph of Joseph F. Ware archived online.","The collection is arranged in three series:","Series I: Correspondence, 1910-1928, contains over 100 letters written by Joseph F. Ware or members of the Robinson-Ware families.","The early letters were written to Susie from Ware's station at Empire, Panama at the beginning of what would become their extended separation. One letter describes this painful separation when Ware writes, \"I cannot explain the terrible agony of this separation and if I think of it I will go mad. Surely you know . . . you can never doubt my love.\" Typical letters reflect the difficulties of communication in a long-distance marriage and discuss family events like the birth of Joseph Ware Jr. and the loss of their second child soon after his birth. The separation took a toll on their relationship, as well. In one letter, he refers to a note previously written by Susie that compared being married to a man she never sees as being \"worse than a myth-not present or tangible but still a reality.\"","The letters from Europe are purposefully vague to abide by the military censorship standards of the time. As Ware tells Susie, \"my letters must all go through the Central Censor's Office so you must learn to read between the lines.\" Throughout the European letters, Ware gives us hints of the military life and his action \"in the trenches\". He makes mention of his many responsibilities and frequent travels as the Chief Signal Officer. Ware refers to himself as being known as \"the hardest-boiled officer in these forces.\" Ware contemplates resigning from the military when he bemoans that the \"services are run by politics.\" Ware captures the sentiment of many at the time when he writes, \"When I think of the many excellent men who did not come back, it seems that we have paid an awful price.\" This series is arranged chronologically.","Series II: Photographs has three subseries. Subseries A: Identified, contents identified by first name only with a few exceptions. Subseries B: Dated, c.1900s-1971, contents include photographs that are dated, but have little to no additional information. This series is in chronological order. Subseries C: Unidentified, contents include photographs with no information.","Series III: Ephemera, 1912-1950s, n.d., contents include cards, announcements, programs, and receipts. This series is arranged by material type.","Joseph Fulton Ware served as Commandant to the the Virginia Polytechnic Institute Corps of Cadets and professor of Military Science and Tactics from 1911 to 1914. Ware was First Lieutenant of the 16th U. S. Infantry and was assigned the State Militia rank of Colonel. Ware was nicknamed \"Bald Knob\" in reference to his lack of hair.","Joseph Ware was born December 22, 1880 in Fort Monroe, Virginia from an Army family. He enrolled at Virginia Tech as a cadet and graduated in 1903. While a student at Virginia Tech, Ware excelled in sports and academics. He played both baseball and football and was an All-Southern end for the Gridmen. He was a cadet Lieutenant in the Artillery Battery, assistant manager of The Bugle, vice-president of the Athletic Association, and Captain of the baseball team and was voted \"Best All-Around Cadet.\"","After his tenure at VPI, Ware received a Second Lieutenant of Infantry commission in the Regular United States Army and served in the Philippines, Alaska, and Europe during World War I. In World War I, Ware served in three divisions: the 4th, 80th, and 83rd; two corps: the 3rd and the 9th; and two armies: the 1st and the 2nd. Ware received the position of Chief Signal Officer and the rank of Major. Ware was a part of the major American movements in France: Soissons, Chateau Thierry, St. Mihiel, the Argonne, and the push of the 2nd before Armistice Day. He received injuries from gas and shrapnel from fighting in the trenches and was recommended for the Distinguished Service Cross from the United States government. The French Ordre de 'lEtoile Noire awarded Ware the Legion of Honor and the Croix de Guerre.","Ware married Susana \"Susie\" Howe Robinson on October 29, 1914, at the Blacksburg Presbyterian Church in Blacksburg, Virginia. Susie gave birth to their son, Joseph Fulton Ware, Jr., in 1917. Joseph Ware, Jr. also attended Virginia Tech and received one of the first mechanical engineering degrees with an aeronautical option offered by Virginia Tech in 1937. Joseph Ware, Jr. subsequently received a master's degree from Cal Tech and spent his career as a flight test engineer at Lockheed Corporation. Virginia Tech has an engineering lab named after him, the \"Joseph Fulton Ware, Jr. Advanced Engineering Lab.\"","External sources:","Ancestry.com. 1900 United States Federal Census [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2004.","Temple, Harry Downing, and Floyd Richard Vranian. The Bugle's Echo: A Chronology of Cadet Life at the Military College at Blacksburg, Virginia, the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and the Virginia Polytechnic Institute. [Blacksburg, Va.]: Virginia Tech Corps of Cadets Alumni, 1996.","The guide to the Joseph F. Ware Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Joseph F. Ware Collection commenced in March 2010 and was completed in May 2010.","The collection contains correspondence, photographs, and ephemera. The majority of the letters are from Joseph Ware, but the collection includes a few other letters from extended family and friends.","Joseph Ware wrote many letters while he was in military service to his wife, Susie, back home in Blacksburg, Virginia. These letters were written while Ware was stationed in Panama, New York, France, and Germany, and detail the challenges of military life. The European letters were written during WWI and include descriptions of Ware's time in the trenches and his responsibilities as Chief Signal Officer. A significant portion of the letters denote family events and relationships.","In addition to letters, the collection also contains approximately 200 photographs of the Ware family and friends. Other materials include miscellaneous photographs, cards, receipts, and memorabilia.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The collection contains 102 letters from Joseph F. Ware to his wife, Susie, in Blacksburg, Virginia, while he was serving overseas during and after World War I. The other significant portion of this collection contains nearly 200 photographs.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute. Corps of Cadets (1896-1944)","Ware, Joseph F., 1880-1969","Ware, Susana Howe Robinson, b. abt. 1897","The material in the collection is in English."],"collection_title_tesim":["Joseph F. Ware Collection, 1900/1971, bulk 1915/1920"],"collection_ssim":["Joseph F. Ware Collection, 1900/1971, bulk 1915/1920"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2010.022"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2010.022"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Blacksburg (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Blacksburg (Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Blacksburg (Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Ware, Joseph F., 1880-1969","Ware, Susana Howe Robinson, b. abt. 1897"],"creator_ssim":["Ware, Joseph F., 1880-1969","Ware, Susana Howe Robinson, b. abt. 1897"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Ware, Joseph F., 1880-1969","Ware, Susana Howe Robinson, b. abt. 1897"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute. Corps of Cadets (1896-1944)"],"creators_ssim":["Ware, Joseph F., 1880-1969","Ware, Susana Howe Robinson, b. abt. 1897","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute. Corps of Cadets (1896-1944)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Joseph F. Ware Collection was purchased by Special Collections in November 2009."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Faculty and staff","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)","Students and alumni","University History","World War, 1914-1918"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Faculty and staff","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)","Students and alumni","University History","World War, 1914-1918"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.8 Cubic Feet 2 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["0.8 Cubic Feet 2 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere is \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20100807015324/spec.lib.vt.edu/specgen/images/jware\"\u003ea photograph of Joseph F. Ware archived online\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["There is a photograph of Joseph F. Ware archived online."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in three series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries I: Correspondence, 1910-1928, contains over 100 letters written by Joseph F. Ware or members of the Robinson-Ware families. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe early letters were written to Susie from Ware's station at Empire, Panama at the beginning of what would become their extended separation. One letter describes this painful separation when Ware writes, \"I cannot explain the terrible agony of this separation and if I think of it I will go mad. Surely you know . . . you can never doubt my love.\" Typical letters reflect the difficulties of communication in a long-distance marriage and discuss family events like the birth of Joseph Ware Jr. and the loss of their second child soon after his birth. The separation took a toll on their relationship, as well. In one letter, he refers to a note previously written by Susie that compared being married to a man she never sees as being \"worse than a myth-not present or tangible but still a reality.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe letters from Europe are purposefully vague to abide by the military censorship standards of the time. As Ware tells Susie, \"my letters must all go through the Central Censor's Office so you must learn to read between the lines.\" Throughout the European letters, Ware gives us hints of the military life and his action \"in the trenches\". He makes mention of his many responsibilities and frequent travels as the Chief Signal Officer. Ware refers to himself as being known as \"the hardest-boiled officer in these forces.\" Ware contemplates resigning from the military when he bemoans that the \"services are run by politics.\" Ware captures the sentiment of many at the time when he writes, \"When I think of the many excellent men who did not come back, it seems that we have paid an awful price.\" This series is arranged chronologically. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries II: Photographs has three subseries. Subseries A: Identified, contents identified by first name only with a few exceptions. Subseries B: Dated, c.1900s-1971, contents include photographs that are dated, but have little to no additional information. This series is in chronological order. Subseries C: Unidentified, contents include photographs with no information. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries III: Ephemera, 1912-1950s, n.d., contents include cards, announcements, programs, and receipts. This series is arranged by material type.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in three series:","Series I: Correspondence, 1910-1928, contains over 100 letters written by Joseph F. Ware or members of the Robinson-Ware families.","The early letters were written to Susie from Ware's station at Empire, Panama at the beginning of what would become their extended separation. One letter describes this painful separation when Ware writes, \"I cannot explain the terrible agony of this separation and if I think of it I will go mad. Surely you know . . . you can never doubt my love.\" Typical letters reflect the difficulties of communication in a long-distance marriage and discuss family events like the birth of Joseph Ware Jr. and the loss of their second child soon after his birth. The separation took a toll on their relationship, as well. In one letter, he refers to a note previously written by Susie that compared being married to a man she never sees as being \"worse than a myth-not present or tangible but still a reality.\"","The letters from Europe are purposefully vague to abide by the military censorship standards of the time. As Ware tells Susie, \"my letters must all go through the Central Censor's Office so you must learn to read between the lines.\" Throughout the European letters, Ware gives us hints of the military life and his action \"in the trenches\". He makes mention of his many responsibilities and frequent travels as the Chief Signal Officer. Ware refers to himself as being known as \"the hardest-boiled officer in these forces.\" Ware contemplates resigning from the military when he bemoans that the \"services are run by politics.\" Ware captures the sentiment of many at the time when he writes, \"When I think of the many excellent men who did not come back, it seems that we have paid an awful price.\" This series is arranged chronologically.","Series II: Photographs has three subseries. Subseries A: Identified, contents identified by first name only with a few exceptions. Subseries B: Dated, c.1900s-1971, contents include photographs that are dated, but have little to no additional information. This series is in chronological order. Subseries C: Unidentified, contents include photographs with no information.","Series III: Ephemera, 1912-1950s, n.d., contents include cards, announcements, programs, and receipts. This series is arranged by material type."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJoseph Fulton Ware served as Commandant to the the Virginia Polytechnic Institute Corps of Cadets and professor of Military Science and Tactics from 1911 to 1914. Ware was First Lieutenant of the 16th U. S. Infantry and was assigned the State Militia rank of Colonel. Ware was nicknamed \"Bald Knob\" in reference to his lack of hair. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJoseph Ware was born December 22, 1880 in Fort Monroe, Virginia from an Army family. He enrolled at Virginia Tech as a cadet and graduated in 1903. While a student at Virginia Tech, Ware excelled in sports and academics. He played both baseball and football and was an All-Southern end for the Gridmen. He was a cadet Lieutenant in the Artillery Battery, assistant manager of The Bugle, vice-president of the Athletic Association, and Captain of the baseball team and was voted \"Best All-Around Cadet.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter his tenure at VPI, Ware received a Second Lieutenant of Infantry commission in the Regular United States Army and served in the Philippines, Alaska, and Europe during World War I. In World War I, Ware served in three divisions: the 4th, 80th, and 83rd; two corps: the 3rd and the 9th; and two armies: the 1st and the 2nd. Ware received the position of Chief Signal Officer and the rank of Major. Ware was a part of the major American movements in France: Soissons, Chateau Thierry, St. Mihiel, the Argonne, and the push of the 2nd before Armistice Day. He received injuries from gas and shrapnel from fighting in the trenches and was recommended for the Distinguished Service Cross from the United States government. The French Ordre de 'lEtoile Noire awarded Ware the Legion of Honor and the Croix de Guerre.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWare married Susana \"Susie\" Howe Robinson on October 29, 1914, at the Blacksburg Presbyterian Church in Blacksburg, Virginia. Susie gave birth to their son, Joseph Fulton Ware, Jr., in 1917. Joseph Ware, Jr. also attended Virginia Tech and received one of the first mechanical engineering degrees with an aeronautical option offered by Virginia Tech in 1937. Joseph Ware, Jr. subsequently received a master's degree from Cal Tech and spent his career as a flight test engineer at Lockheed Corporation. Virginia Tech has an engineering lab named after him, the \"Joseph Fulton Ware, Jr. Advanced Engineering Lab.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExternal sources:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAncestry.com. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003e1900 United States Federal Census\u003c/title\u003e [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2004. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTemple, Harry Downing, and Floyd Richard Vranian. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Bugle's Echo: A Chronology of Cadet Life at the Military College at Blacksburg, Virginia, the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and the Virginia Polytechnic Institute.\u003c/title\u003e [Blacksburg, Va.]: Virginia Tech Corps of Cadets Alumni, 1996. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Joseph Fulton Ware served as Commandant to the the Virginia Polytechnic Institute Corps of Cadets and professor of Military Science and Tactics from 1911 to 1914. Ware was First Lieutenant of the 16th U. S. Infantry and was assigned the State Militia rank of Colonel. Ware was nicknamed \"Bald Knob\" in reference to his lack of hair.","Joseph Ware was born December 22, 1880 in Fort Monroe, Virginia from an Army family. He enrolled at Virginia Tech as a cadet and graduated in 1903. While a student at Virginia Tech, Ware excelled in sports and academics. He played both baseball and football and was an All-Southern end for the Gridmen. He was a cadet Lieutenant in the Artillery Battery, assistant manager of The Bugle, vice-president of the Athletic Association, and Captain of the baseball team and was voted \"Best All-Around Cadet.\"","After his tenure at VPI, Ware received a Second Lieutenant of Infantry commission in the Regular United States Army and served in the Philippines, Alaska, and Europe during World War I. In World War I, Ware served in three divisions: the 4th, 80th, and 83rd; two corps: the 3rd and the 9th; and two armies: the 1st and the 2nd. Ware received the position of Chief Signal Officer and the rank of Major. Ware was a part of the major American movements in France: Soissons, Chateau Thierry, St. Mihiel, the Argonne, and the push of the 2nd before Armistice Day. He received injuries from gas and shrapnel from fighting in the trenches and was recommended for the Distinguished Service Cross from the United States government. The French Ordre de 'lEtoile Noire awarded Ware the Legion of Honor and the Croix de Guerre.","Ware married Susana \"Susie\" Howe Robinson on October 29, 1914, at the Blacksburg Presbyterian Church in Blacksburg, Virginia. Susie gave birth to their son, Joseph Fulton Ware, Jr., in 1917. Joseph Ware, Jr. also attended Virginia Tech and received one of the first mechanical engineering degrees with an aeronautical option offered by Virginia Tech in 1937. Joseph Ware, Jr. subsequently received a master's degree from Cal Tech and spent his career as a flight test engineer at Lockheed Corporation. Virginia Tech has an engineering lab named after him, the \"Joseph Fulton Ware, Jr. Advanced Engineering Lab.\"","External sources:","Ancestry.com. 1900 United States Federal Census [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2004.","Temple, Harry Downing, and Floyd Richard Vranian. The Bugle's Echo: A Chronology of Cadet Life at the Military College at Blacksburg, Virginia, the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and the Virginia Polytechnic Institute. [Blacksburg, Va.]: Virginia Tech Corps of Cadets Alumni, 1996."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Joseph F. Ware Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Joseph F. Ware Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Joseph F. Ware Collection , Ms2010-022, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Joseph F. Ware Collection , Ms2010-022, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Joseph F. Ware Collection commenced in March 2010 and was completed in May 2010.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Joseph F. Ware Collection commenced in March 2010 and was completed in May 2010."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains correspondence, photographs, and ephemera. The majority of the letters are from Joseph Ware, but the collection includes a few other letters from extended family and friends. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJoseph Ware wrote many letters while he was in military service to his wife, Susie, back home in Blacksburg, Virginia. These letters were written while Ware was stationed in Panama, New York, France, and Germany, and detail the challenges of military life. The European letters were written during WWI and include descriptions of Ware's time in the trenches and his responsibilities as Chief Signal Officer. A significant portion of the letters denote family events and relationships. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to letters, the collection also contains approximately 200 photographs of the Ware family and friends. Other materials include miscellaneous photographs, cards, receipts, and memorabilia. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains correspondence, photographs, and ephemera. The majority of the letters are from Joseph Ware, but the collection includes a few other letters from extended family and friends.","Joseph Ware wrote many letters while he was in military service to his wife, Susie, back home in Blacksburg, Virginia. These letters were written while Ware was stationed in Panama, New York, France, and Germany, and detail the challenges of military life. The European letters were written during WWI and include descriptions of Ware's time in the trenches and his responsibilities as Chief Signal Officer. A significant portion of the letters denote family events and relationships.","In addition to letters, the collection also contains approximately 200 photographs of the Ware family and friends. Other materials include miscellaneous photographs, cards, receipts, and memorabilia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_0496a1066cf423a4646afa20d869bb22\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection contains 102 letters from Joseph F. Ware to his wife, Susie, in Blacksburg, Virginia, while he was serving overseas during and after World War I. The other significant portion of this collection contains nearly 200 photographs.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The collection contains 102 letters from Joseph F. Ware to his wife, Susie, in Blacksburg, Virginia, while he was serving overseas during and after World War I. The other significant portion of this collection contains nearly 200 photographs."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute. Corps of Cadets (1896-1944)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute. Corps of Cadets (1896-1944)"],"persname_ssim":["Ware, Joseph F., 1880-1969","Ware, Susana Howe Robinson, b. abt. 1897"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute. Corps of Cadets (1896-1944)","Ware, Joseph F., 1880-1969","Ware, Susana Howe Robinson, b. abt. 1897"],"language_ssim":["The material in the collection is in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":16,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:30:59.961Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2575"}},{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_602","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr. papers, 1913/1990","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_602#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Shepherd, Lemuel C., Jr. (Lemuel Cornick), 1896-1990","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_602#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr. papers consist primarily of the following: \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUnpublished memoirs and accompanying documents\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePhotograph albums and scrapbooks dating from Shepherd's years as a VMI cadet, as Commandant of the United States Marine Corps, and from his service as President of the Inter-American Defense Board\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAn interview with Shepherd conducted by the archivist of the MacArthur Library regarding Shepherd's role during the Korean War, assault at Inchon\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCorrespondence\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eClippings\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCertificates and resolutions\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePrinted material\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e The unpublished memoirs include detailed information about Shepherd's early Marine Corps career and his participation in World War I. They include copies of his World War I diary and personal correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_602#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_602","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_602","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_602","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_602","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_602.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vmi/vilxv00017.xml","title_ssm":["Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr. papers"],"title_tesim":["Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr. papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1913-1990"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1913-1990"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1913/1990"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr. papers, 1913/1990"],"text":["Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr. papers, 1913/1990","MS.0006","/repositories/3/resources/602","United States. Marine Corps—Officers—Biography","Generals—United States—Biography","World War, 1939-1945","Inter-American Defense Board","World War, 1914-1918","United States. Marine Corps—History—World War, 1939-1945","Scrapbooks","Photographs","There are no restrictions.","Lemuel C. Shepherd Jr.'s World War I memoirs, diary, and letters are available  online.","Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr. (1896-1990) was a United States Marine Corps four-star general, and saw distinguished service in World War I, World War II, and the Korean War. He was appointed the 20th Commandant of the Marine Corps in 1952.","1896 February 10\n        \n          Born in Norfolk, Virginia\n        \n      \n      \n        1917 May\n        \n          Graduated from the VMI. Shepherd, along with many other classmates, were declared graduates a month early, having been called into active duty.\n        \n      \n      \n        1917-1919\n        \n          Served with the 2nd Battalion, 5th Marines, American Expeditionary Forces, France\n        \n      \n      \n        1920-1922\n        \n          Aide to the Commandant of the Marines Corps\n          Junior White House aide\n        \n      \n      \n        1922\n        \n          Married Virginia Tunstall Driver and the couple had four children.\n        \n      \n      \n        1922-1925\n        \n          Served on United States ships Idaho and Nevada\n        \n      \n      \n        1927-1929\n        \n          Served with the 4th Marines in China\n        \n      \n      \n        1937-1939\n        \n          Commander, 2nd Battalion, 5th Marines, 1st Marine Brigade, Fleet Marine Force\n        \n      \n      \n        1939-1942\n        \n          Staff member, Marine Corps School\n        \n      \n      \n        1942-1943\n        \n          Regimental Commander, 9th Marines, 3rd Marine Division\n        \n      \n      \n        1943-1944\n        \n          Assistant Division Commander, 1st Marine Division\n        \n      \n      \n        1944-1945\n        \n          Commanding General, 6th Marine Division\n        \n      \n      \n        1946-1948\n        \n          Assistant Commandant and Chief of Staff, Marine Corps\n        \n      \n      \n        1948-1950\n        \n          Commandant, Marine Corps Schools\n        \n      \n      \n        1950-1951\n        \n          Commanding General, Fleet Marine Force, Pacific\n        \n      \n      \n        1952-1956\n        \n          Commandant, Marine Corps\n        \n      \n      \n        1956 January 1\n        \n          Retired from Marine Corps\n        \n      \n      \n        1956 March\n        \n          Recalled to active duty\n          Chairman, Inter-American Defense Board, 1956-1959\n        \n      \n      \n        1959 October\n        \n          Retired from active duty for second time\n        \n      \n      \n        1990 August 6\n        \n          Died at his home in La Jolla, California, and is buried at Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia.","The memoirs and addenda were copied from originals that are no longer extant, according to family sources. The Shepherd family believes that the originals once held by Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr. were lost following his death.","Other repositories holding papers relating to Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr. include the United States Marine Corps History Division (Quantico, Virginia).","The Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr. papers consist primarily of the following:\n\nUnpublished memoirs and accompanying documents\nPhotograph albums and scrapbooks dating from Shepherd's years as a VMI cadet, as Commandant of the United States Marine Corps, and from his service as President of the Inter-American Defense Board\nAn interview with Shepherd conducted by the archivist of the MacArthur Library regarding Shepherd's role during the Korean War, assault at Inchon\nCorrespondence\nClippings\nCertificates and resolutions\nPrinted material\n     \n         \nThe unpublished memoirs include detailed information about Shepherd's early Marine Corps career and his participation in World War I. They include copies of his World War I diary and personal correspondence.","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Shepherd, Lemuel C., Jr. (Lemuel Cornick), 1896-1990","MacArthur, Douglas, 1880-1964","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr. papers, 1913/1990"],"collection_ssim":["Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr. papers, 1913/1990"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0006","/repositories/3/resources/602"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0006","/repositories/3/resources/602"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Shepherd, Lemuel C., Jr. (Lemuel Cornick), 1896-1990"],"creator_ssim":["Shepherd, Lemuel C., Jr. (Lemuel Cornick), 1896-1990"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Shepherd, Lemuel C., Jr. (Lemuel Cornick), 1896-1990","MacArthur, Douglas, 1880-1964"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creators_ssim":["Shepherd, Lemuel C., Jr. (Lemuel Cornick), 1896-1990","MacArthur, Douglas, 1880-1964","Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["United States. Marine Corps—Officers—Biography","Generals—United States—Biography","World War, 1939-1945","Inter-American Defense Board","World War, 1914-1918","United States. Marine Corps—History—World War, 1939-1945","Scrapbooks","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["United States. Marine Corps—Officers—Biography","Generals—United States—Biography","World War, 1939-1945","Inter-American Defense Board","World War, 1914-1918","United States. Marine Corps—History—World War, 1939-1945","Scrapbooks","Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["6 cubic feet"],"extent_tesim":["6 cubic feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Scrapbooks","Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLemuel C. Shepherd Jr.'s World War I memoirs, diary, and letters are available \u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/search/collection/p15821coll11/field/descri/searchterm/MS%200006/mode/exact\"\u003e online\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Online Access"],"altformavail_tesim":["Lemuel C. Shepherd Jr.'s World War I memoirs, diary, and letters are available  online."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLemuel C. Shepherd, Jr. (1896-1990) was a United States Marine Corps four-star general, and saw distinguished service in World War I, World War II, and the Korean War. He was appointed the 20th Commandant of the Marine Corps in 1952.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003cchronlist\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1896 February 10\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eBorn in Norfolk, Virginia\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1917 May\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eGraduated from the VMI. Shepherd, along with many other classmates, were declared graduates a month early, having been called into active duty.\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1917-1919\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eServed with the 2nd Battalion, 5th Marines, American Expeditionary Forces, France\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1920-1922\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eAide to the Commandant of the Marines Corps\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eJunior White House aide\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1922\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eMarried Virginia Tunstall Driver and the couple had four children.\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1922-1925\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eServed on United States ships Idaho and Nevada\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1927-1929\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eServed with the 4th Marines in China\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1937-1939\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eCommander, 2nd Battalion, 5th Marines, 1st Marine Brigade, Fleet Marine Force\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1939-1942\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eStaff member, Marine Corps School\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1942-1943\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eRegimental Commander, 9th Marines, 3rd Marine Division\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1943-1944\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eAssistant Division Commander, 1st Marine Division\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1944-1945\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eCommanding General, 6th Marine Division\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1946-1948\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eAssistant Commandant and Chief of Staff, Marine Corps\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1948-1950\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eCommandant, Marine Corps Schools\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1950-1951\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eCommanding General, Fleet Marine Force, Pacific\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1952-1956\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eCommandant, Marine Corps\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1956 January 1\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eRetired from Marine Corps\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1956 March\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eRecalled to active duty\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eChairman, Inter-American Defense Board, 1956-1959\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1959 October\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eRetired from active duty for second time\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1990 August 6\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eDied at his home in La Jolla, California, and is buried at Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia.\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n    \u003c/chronlist\u003e\n  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr. (1896-1990) was a United States Marine Corps four-star general, and saw distinguished service in World War I, World War II, and the Korean War. He was appointed the 20th Commandant of the Marine Corps in 1952.","1896 February 10\n        \n          Born in Norfolk, Virginia\n        \n      \n      \n        1917 May\n        \n          Graduated from the VMI. Shepherd, along with many other classmates, were declared graduates a month early, having been called into active duty.\n        \n      \n      \n        1917-1919\n        \n          Served with the 2nd Battalion, 5th Marines, American Expeditionary Forces, France\n        \n      \n      \n        1920-1922\n        \n          Aide to the Commandant of the Marines Corps\n          Junior White House aide\n        \n      \n      \n        1922\n        \n          Married Virginia Tunstall Driver and the couple had four children.\n        \n      \n      \n        1922-1925\n        \n          Served on United States ships Idaho and Nevada\n        \n      \n      \n        1927-1929\n        \n          Served with the 4th Marines in China\n        \n      \n      \n        1937-1939\n        \n          Commander, 2nd Battalion, 5th Marines, 1st Marine Brigade, Fleet Marine Force\n        \n      \n      \n        1939-1942\n        \n          Staff member, Marine Corps School\n        \n      \n      \n        1942-1943\n        \n          Regimental Commander, 9th Marines, 3rd Marine Division\n        \n      \n      \n        1943-1944\n        \n          Assistant Division Commander, 1st Marine Division\n        \n      \n      \n        1944-1945\n        \n          Commanding General, 6th Marine Division\n        \n      \n      \n        1946-1948\n        \n          Assistant Commandant and Chief of Staff, Marine Corps\n        \n      \n      \n        1948-1950\n        \n          Commandant, Marine Corps Schools\n        \n      \n      \n        1950-1951\n        \n          Commanding General, Fleet Marine Force, Pacific\n        \n      \n      \n        1952-1956\n        \n          Commandant, Marine Corps\n        \n      \n      \n        1956 January 1\n        \n          Retired from Marine Corps\n        \n      \n      \n        1956 March\n        \n          Recalled to active duty\n          Chairman, Inter-American Defense Board, 1956-1959\n        \n      \n      \n        1959 October\n        \n          Retired from active duty for second time\n        \n      \n      \n        1990 August 6\n        \n          Died at his home in La Jolla, California, and is buried at Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia."],"originalsloc_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe memoirs and addenda were copied from originals that are no longer extant, according to family sources. The Shepherd family believes that the originals once held by Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr. were lost following his death.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"originalsloc_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Originals"],"originalsloc_tesim":["The memoirs and addenda were copied from originals that are no longer extant, according to family sources. The Shepherd family believes that the originals once held by Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr. were lost following his death."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLemuel C. Shepherd, Jr. papers, 1913-1990. MS 0006. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr. papers, 1913-1990. MS 0006. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOther repositories holding papers relating to Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr. include the United States Marine Corps History Division (Quantico, Virginia).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Other repositories holding papers relating to Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr. include the United States Marine Corps History Division (Quantico, Virginia)."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr. papers consist primarily of the following:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUnpublished memoirs and accompanying documents\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePhotograph albums and scrapbooks dating from Shepherd's years as a VMI cadet, as Commandant of the United States Marine Corps, and from his service as President of the Inter-American Defense Board\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAn interview with Shepherd conducted by the archivist of the MacArthur Library regarding Shepherd's role during the Korean War, assault at Inchon\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCorrespondence\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eClippings\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCertificates and resolutions\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePrinted material\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e     \n         \nThe unpublished memoirs include detailed information about Shepherd's early Marine Corps career and his participation in World War I. They include copies of his World War I diary and personal correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr. papers consist primarily of the following:\n\nUnpublished memoirs and accompanying documents\nPhotograph albums and scrapbooks dating from Shepherd's years as a VMI cadet, as Commandant of the United States Marine Corps, and from his service as President of the Inter-American Defense Board\nAn interview with Shepherd conducted by the archivist of the MacArthur Library regarding Shepherd's role during the Korean War, assault at Inchon\nCorrespondence\nClippings\nCertificates and resolutions\nPrinted material\n     \n         \nThe unpublished memoirs include detailed information about Shepherd's early Marine Corps career and his participation in World War I. They include copies of his World War I diary and personal correspondence."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_359bc0d39157035d4751de5d0c2f19d1\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Shepherd, Lemuel C., Jr. (Lemuel Cornick), 1896-1990","MacArthur, Douglas, 1880-1964"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Shepherd, Lemuel C., Jr. (Lemuel Cornick), 1896-1990","MacArthur, Douglas, 1880-1964"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":26,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:37:30.860Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_602","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_602","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_602","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_602","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_602.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vmi/vilxv00017.xml","title_ssm":["Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr. papers"],"title_tesim":["Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr. papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1913-1990"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1913-1990"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1913/1990"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr. papers, 1913/1990"],"text":["Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr. papers, 1913/1990","MS.0006","/repositories/3/resources/602","United States. Marine Corps—Officers—Biography","Generals—United States—Biography","World War, 1939-1945","Inter-American Defense Board","World War, 1914-1918","United States. Marine Corps—History—World War, 1939-1945","Scrapbooks","Photographs","There are no restrictions.","Lemuel C. Shepherd Jr.'s World War I memoirs, diary, and letters are available  online.","Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr. (1896-1990) was a United States Marine Corps four-star general, and saw distinguished service in World War I, World War II, and the Korean War. He was appointed the 20th Commandant of the Marine Corps in 1952.","1896 February 10\n        \n          Born in Norfolk, Virginia\n        \n      \n      \n        1917 May\n        \n          Graduated from the VMI. Shepherd, along with many other classmates, were declared graduates a month early, having been called into active duty.\n        \n      \n      \n        1917-1919\n        \n          Served with the 2nd Battalion, 5th Marines, American Expeditionary Forces, France\n        \n      \n      \n        1920-1922\n        \n          Aide to the Commandant of the Marines Corps\n          Junior White House aide\n        \n      \n      \n        1922\n        \n          Married Virginia Tunstall Driver and the couple had four children.\n        \n      \n      \n        1922-1925\n        \n          Served on United States ships Idaho and Nevada\n        \n      \n      \n        1927-1929\n        \n          Served with the 4th Marines in China\n        \n      \n      \n        1937-1939\n        \n          Commander, 2nd Battalion, 5th Marines, 1st Marine Brigade, Fleet Marine Force\n        \n      \n      \n        1939-1942\n        \n          Staff member, Marine Corps School\n        \n      \n      \n        1942-1943\n        \n          Regimental Commander, 9th Marines, 3rd Marine Division\n        \n      \n      \n        1943-1944\n        \n          Assistant Division Commander, 1st Marine Division\n        \n      \n      \n        1944-1945\n        \n          Commanding General, 6th Marine Division\n        \n      \n      \n        1946-1948\n        \n          Assistant Commandant and Chief of Staff, Marine Corps\n        \n      \n      \n        1948-1950\n        \n          Commandant, Marine Corps Schools\n        \n      \n      \n        1950-1951\n        \n          Commanding General, Fleet Marine Force, Pacific\n        \n      \n      \n        1952-1956\n        \n          Commandant, Marine Corps\n        \n      \n      \n        1956 January 1\n        \n          Retired from Marine Corps\n        \n      \n      \n        1956 March\n        \n          Recalled to active duty\n          Chairman, Inter-American Defense Board, 1956-1959\n        \n      \n      \n        1959 October\n        \n          Retired from active duty for second time\n        \n      \n      \n        1990 August 6\n        \n          Died at his home in La Jolla, California, and is buried at Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia.","The memoirs and addenda were copied from originals that are no longer extant, according to family sources. The Shepherd family believes that the originals once held by Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr. were lost following his death.","Other repositories holding papers relating to Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr. include the United States Marine Corps History Division (Quantico, Virginia).","The Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr. papers consist primarily of the following:\n\nUnpublished memoirs and accompanying documents\nPhotograph albums and scrapbooks dating from Shepherd's years as a VMI cadet, as Commandant of the United States Marine Corps, and from his service as President of the Inter-American Defense Board\nAn interview with Shepherd conducted by the archivist of the MacArthur Library regarding Shepherd's role during the Korean War, assault at Inchon\nCorrespondence\nClippings\nCertificates and resolutions\nPrinted material\n     \n         \nThe unpublished memoirs include detailed information about Shepherd's early Marine Corps career and his participation in World War I. They include copies of his World War I diary and personal correspondence.","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Shepherd, Lemuel C., Jr. (Lemuel Cornick), 1896-1990","MacArthur, Douglas, 1880-1964","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr. papers, 1913/1990"],"collection_ssim":["Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr. papers, 1913/1990"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0006","/repositories/3/resources/602"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0006","/repositories/3/resources/602"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Shepherd, Lemuel C., Jr. (Lemuel Cornick), 1896-1990"],"creator_ssim":["Shepherd, Lemuel C., Jr. (Lemuel Cornick), 1896-1990"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Shepherd, Lemuel C., Jr. (Lemuel Cornick), 1896-1990","MacArthur, Douglas, 1880-1964"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creators_ssim":["Shepherd, Lemuel C., Jr. (Lemuel Cornick), 1896-1990","MacArthur, Douglas, 1880-1964","Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["United States. Marine Corps—Officers—Biography","Generals—United States—Biography","World War, 1939-1945","Inter-American Defense Board","World War, 1914-1918","United States. Marine Corps—History—World War, 1939-1945","Scrapbooks","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["United States. Marine Corps—Officers—Biography","Generals—United States—Biography","World War, 1939-1945","Inter-American Defense Board","World War, 1914-1918","United States. Marine Corps—History—World War, 1939-1945","Scrapbooks","Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["6 cubic feet"],"extent_tesim":["6 cubic feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Scrapbooks","Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLemuel C. Shepherd Jr.'s World War I memoirs, diary, and letters are available \u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/search/collection/p15821coll11/field/descri/searchterm/MS%200006/mode/exact\"\u003e online\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Online Access"],"altformavail_tesim":["Lemuel C. Shepherd Jr.'s World War I memoirs, diary, and letters are available  online."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLemuel C. Shepherd, Jr. (1896-1990) was a United States Marine Corps four-star general, and saw distinguished service in World War I, World War II, and the Korean War. He was appointed the 20th Commandant of the Marine Corps in 1952.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003cchronlist\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1896 February 10\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eBorn in Norfolk, Virginia\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1917 May\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eGraduated from the VMI. Shepherd, along with many other classmates, were declared graduates a month early, having been called into active duty.\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1917-1919\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eServed with the 2nd Battalion, 5th Marines, American Expeditionary Forces, France\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1920-1922\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eAide to the Commandant of the Marines Corps\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eJunior White House aide\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1922\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eMarried Virginia Tunstall Driver and the couple had four children.\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1922-1925\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eServed on United States ships Idaho and Nevada\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1927-1929\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eServed with the 4th Marines in China\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1937-1939\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eCommander, 2nd Battalion, 5th Marines, 1st Marine Brigade, Fleet Marine Force\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1939-1942\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eStaff member, Marine Corps School\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1942-1943\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eRegimental Commander, 9th Marines, 3rd Marine Division\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1943-1944\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eAssistant Division Commander, 1st Marine Division\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1944-1945\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eCommanding General, 6th Marine Division\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1946-1948\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eAssistant Commandant and Chief of Staff, Marine Corps\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1948-1950\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eCommandant, Marine Corps Schools\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1950-1951\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eCommanding General, Fleet Marine Force, Pacific\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1952-1956\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eCommandant, Marine Corps\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1956 January 1\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eRetired from Marine Corps\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1956 March\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eRecalled to active duty\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eChairman, Inter-American Defense Board, 1956-1959\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1959 October\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eRetired from active duty for second time\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1990 August 6\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eDied at his home in La Jolla, California, and is buried at Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia.\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n    \u003c/chronlist\u003e\n  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr. (1896-1990) was a United States Marine Corps four-star general, and saw distinguished service in World War I, World War II, and the Korean War. He was appointed the 20th Commandant of the Marine Corps in 1952.","1896 February 10\n        \n          Born in Norfolk, Virginia\n        \n      \n      \n        1917 May\n        \n          Graduated from the VMI. Shepherd, along with many other classmates, were declared graduates a month early, having been called into active duty.\n        \n      \n      \n        1917-1919\n        \n          Served with the 2nd Battalion, 5th Marines, American Expeditionary Forces, France\n        \n      \n      \n        1920-1922\n        \n          Aide to the Commandant of the Marines Corps\n          Junior White House aide\n        \n      \n      \n        1922\n        \n          Married Virginia Tunstall Driver and the couple had four children.\n        \n      \n      \n        1922-1925\n        \n          Served on United States ships Idaho and Nevada\n        \n      \n      \n        1927-1929\n        \n          Served with the 4th Marines in China\n        \n      \n      \n        1937-1939\n        \n          Commander, 2nd Battalion, 5th Marines, 1st Marine Brigade, Fleet Marine Force\n        \n      \n      \n        1939-1942\n        \n          Staff member, Marine Corps School\n        \n      \n      \n        1942-1943\n        \n          Regimental Commander, 9th Marines, 3rd Marine Division\n        \n      \n      \n        1943-1944\n        \n          Assistant Division Commander, 1st Marine Division\n        \n      \n      \n        1944-1945\n        \n          Commanding General, 6th Marine Division\n        \n      \n      \n        1946-1948\n        \n          Assistant Commandant and Chief of Staff, Marine Corps\n        \n      \n      \n        1948-1950\n        \n          Commandant, Marine Corps Schools\n        \n      \n      \n        1950-1951\n        \n          Commanding General, Fleet Marine Force, Pacific\n        \n      \n      \n        1952-1956\n        \n          Commandant, Marine Corps\n        \n      \n      \n        1956 January 1\n        \n          Retired from Marine Corps\n        \n      \n      \n        1956 March\n        \n          Recalled to active duty\n          Chairman, Inter-American Defense Board, 1956-1959\n        \n      \n      \n        1959 October\n        \n          Retired from active duty for second time\n        \n      \n      \n        1990 August 6\n        \n          Died at his home in La Jolla, California, and is buried at Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia."],"originalsloc_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe memoirs and addenda were copied from originals that are no longer extant, according to family sources. The Shepherd family believes that the originals once held by Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr. were lost following his death.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"originalsloc_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Originals"],"originalsloc_tesim":["The memoirs and addenda were copied from originals that are no longer extant, according to family sources. The Shepherd family believes that the originals once held by Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr. were lost following his death."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLemuel C. Shepherd, Jr. papers, 1913-1990. MS 0006. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr. papers, 1913-1990. MS 0006. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOther repositories holding papers relating to Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr. include the United States Marine Corps History Division (Quantico, Virginia).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Other repositories holding papers relating to Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr. include the United States Marine Corps History Division (Quantico, Virginia)."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr. papers consist primarily of the following:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUnpublished memoirs and accompanying documents\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePhotograph albums and scrapbooks dating from Shepherd's years as a VMI cadet, as Commandant of the United States Marine Corps, and from his service as President of the Inter-American Defense Board\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAn interview with Shepherd conducted by the archivist of the MacArthur Library regarding Shepherd's role during the Korean War, assault at Inchon\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCorrespondence\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eClippings\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCertificates and resolutions\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePrinted material\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e     \n         \nThe unpublished memoirs include detailed information about Shepherd's early Marine Corps career and his participation in World War I. They include copies of his World War I diary and personal correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr. papers consist primarily of the following:\n\nUnpublished memoirs and accompanying documents\nPhotograph albums and scrapbooks dating from Shepherd's years as a VMI cadet, as Commandant of the United States Marine Corps, and from his service as President of the Inter-American Defense Board\nAn interview with Shepherd conducted by the archivist of the MacArthur Library regarding Shepherd's role during the Korean War, assault at Inchon\nCorrespondence\nClippings\nCertificates and resolutions\nPrinted material\n     \n         \nThe unpublished memoirs include detailed information about Shepherd's early Marine Corps career and his participation in World War I. They include copies of his World War I diary and personal correspondence."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_359bc0d39157035d4751de5d0c2f19d1\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Shepherd, Lemuel C., Jr. (Lemuel Cornick), 1896-1990","MacArthur, Douglas, 1880-1964"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Shepherd, Lemuel C., Jr. (Lemuel Cornick), 1896-1990","MacArthur, Douglas, 1880-1964"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":26,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:37:30.860Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_602"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2851","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Lewis Family Papers, 1825/1936","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2851#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Lewis family","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2851#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Personal and business papers of the Lewis family, mainly of John D. (1800-1882), Charles C., Sr. (b.1839), and Charles C., Jr. (b.1865), of Kanawha County. For the period 1825-1875 there are papers of various members of the Ruffner, Dickinson, and Wilson families of West Virginia, Virginia, Ohio, Kansas, Missouri, and other states. The business papers relate to farming operations, the purchase and sale of slaves, salt manufacturing and trade, the Old Sweet Springs Company, coal, iron, oil, lumbering, railroads, and real estate in Kanawha, Clay, Boone, Fayette, and Nicholas counties. There are newspaper clippings, speeches, and other papers reflecting the Lewis' interests in the Democratic Party in the period 1914-1920. Settlement papers and correspondence regarding the estates of John D. Lewis, and Joel, Daniel, and Andrew Ruffner are in the collection. The personal papers include diaries, scrapbooks, photographs, and letters. Travel accounts in the United States, South America, and Europe are given in the correspondence, as well as comments on schools in West Virginia and Virginia; the building of a church in Kanawha County in 1834; missionary work in Colombia, South America, 1874-1875; Civil War and postwar conditions in Virginia, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Kentucky, and Missouri; conditions at Camp Chase, in the Civil War; and material relating to World War I.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2851#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2851","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2851","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2851","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2851","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_2851.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/196896","title_ssm":["Lewis Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Lewis Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1825-1936"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1825-1936"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1825/1936"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Lewis Family Papers, 1825/1936"],"text":["Lewis Family Papers, 1825/1936","A\u0026M 0551","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2851","Boone County (W. Va.)","Camp Chase (Ohio)","Clay County (W. Va.)","Colombia","Europe","Fayette County (Pa.)","Kanawha County (W. Va.)","Kansas","Kentucky","Missouri","Nicholas County (W. Va.)","Ohio","Pennsylvania","South America","Virginia","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Church buildings","Civil War -- Camps and camp life","Coal mining.","Diaries and journals.","Education","Elections","Estate settlements.","Farms and farming.","Iron furnaces and iron industry.","Lumber trade","Missionaries","Petroleum industry and trade","Politics and government.","Railroads","Salt industry and trade","Schools. SEE ALSO Academies","Slaves and slavery.","Travel accounts.","World War, 1914-1918","No special access restriction applies.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Personal and business papers of the Lewis family, mainly of John D. (1800-1882), Charles C., Sr. (b.1839), and Charles C., Jr. (b.1865), of Kanawha County. For the period 1825-1875 there are papers of various members of the Ruffner, Dickinson, and Wilson families of West Virginia, Virginia, Ohio, Kansas, Missouri, and other states. The business papers relate to farming operations, the purchase and sale of slaves, salt manufacturing and trade, the Old Sweet Springs Company, coal, iron, oil, lumbering, railroads, and real estate in Kanawha, Clay, Boone, Fayette, and Nicholas counties. There are newspaper clippings, speeches, and other papers reflecting the Lewis' interests in the Democratic Party in the period 1914-1920. Settlement papers and correspondence regarding the estates of John D. Lewis, and Joel, Daniel, and Andrew Ruffner are in the collection. The personal papers include diaries, scrapbooks, photographs, and letters. Travel accounts in the United States, South America, and Europe are given in the correspondence, as well as comments on schools in West Virginia and Virginia; the building of a church in Kanawha County in 1834; missionary work in Colombia, South America, 1874-1875; Civil War and postwar conditions in Virginia, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Kentucky, and Missouri; conditions at Camp Chase, in the Civil War; and material relating to World War I.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Old Sweet Springs Company","Lewis family","Dickinson family","Ruffner family","Wilson family","Lewis, Charles C. Jr.","Lewis, Charles C. Sr.","Lewis, John D.","Ruffner, Andrew.","Ruffner, Daniel.","Ruffner, Joel.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Lewis Family Papers, 1825/1936"],"collection_ssim":["Lewis Family Papers, 1825/1936"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 0551","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2851"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 0551","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2851"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Boone County (W. Va.)","Camp Chase (Ohio)","Clay County (W. Va.)","Colombia","Europe","Fayette County (Pa.)","Kanawha County (W. Va.)","Kansas","Kentucky","Missouri","Nicholas County (W. Va.)","Ohio","Pennsylvania","South America","Virginia","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"geogname_ssim":["Boone County (W. Va.)","Camp Chase (Ohio)","Clay County (W. Va.)","Colombia","Europe","Fayette County (Pa.)","Kanawha County (W. Va.)","Kansas","Kentucky","Missouri","Nicholas County (W. Va.)","Ohio","Pennsylvania","South America","Virginia","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"places_ssim":["Boone County (W. Va.)","Camp Chase (Ohio)","Clay County (W. Va.)","Colombia","Europe","Fayette County (Pa.)","Kanawha County (W. Va.)","Kansas","Kentucky","Missouri","Nicholas County (W. Va.)","Ohio","Pennsylvania","South America","Virginia","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"creator_ssm":["Lewis family"],"creator_ssim":["Lewis family"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Lewis, Charles C. Jr.","Lewis, Charles C. Sr.","Lewis, John D.","Ruffner, Andrew.","Ruffner, Daniel.","Ruffner, Joel."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Old Sweet Springs Company"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Lewis family","Dickinson family","Ruffner family","Wilson family"],"creators_ssim":["Lewis, Charles C. Jr.","Lewis, Charles C. Sr.","Lewis, John D.","Ruffner, Andrew.","Ruffner, Daniel.","Ruffner, Joel.","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Democratic Party (U.S.)","Old Sweet Springs Company","Lewis family","Dickinson family","Ruffner family","Wilson family"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Church buildings","Civil War -- Camps and camp life","Coal mining.","Diaries and journals.","Education","Elections","Estate settlements.","Farms and farming.","Iron furnaces and iron industry.","Lumber trade","Missionaries","Petroleum industry and trade","Politics and government.","Railroads","Salt industry and trade","Schools. SEE ALSO Academies","Slaves and slavery.","Travel accounts.","World War, 1914-1918"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Church buildings","Civil War -- Camps and camp life","Coal mining.","Diaries and journals.","Education","Elections","Estate settlements.","Farms and farming.","Iron furnaces and iron industry.","Lumber trade","Missionaries","Petroleum industry and trade","Politics and government.","Railroads","Salt industry and trade","Schools. SEE ALSO Academies","Slaves and slavery.","Travel accounts.","World War, 1914-1918"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["6.9 Linear Feet Summary: 6 ft. 10 3/4 in. (14 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 folder, 1/4 in.); (1 oversize folder, 1/2 in.); (4 boxes, 12 in.)"],"extent_tesim":["6.9 Linear Feet Summary: 6 ft. 10 3/4 in. (14 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 folder, 1/4 in.); (1 oversize folder, 1/2 in.); (4 boxes, 12 in.)"],"date_range_isim":[1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Lewis Family Papers, A\u0026amp;M 0551, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Lewis Family Papers, A\u0026M 0551, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_776936a598101da86ab6766cbb0f86a8\"\u003ePersonal and business papers of the Lewis family, mainly of John D. (1800-1882), Charles C., Sr. (b.1839), and Charles C., Jr. (b.1865), of Kanawha County. For the period 1825-1875 there are papers of various members of the Ruffner, Dickinson, and Wilson families of West Virginia, Virginia, Ohio, Kansas, Missouri, and other states. The business papers relate to farming operations, the purchase and sale of slaves, salt manufacturing and trade, the Old Sweet Springs Company, coal, iron, oil, lumbering, railroads, and real estate in Kanawha, Clay, Boone, Fayette, and Nicholas counties. There are newspaper clippings, speeches, and other papers reflecting the Lewis' interests in the Democratic Party in the period 1914-1920. Settlement papers and correspondence regarding the estates of John D. Lewis, and Joel, Daniel, and Andrew Ruffner are in the collection. The personal papers include diaries, scrapbooks, photographs, and letters. Travel accounts in the United States, South America, and Europe are given in the correspondence, as well as comments on schools in West Virginia and Virginia; the building of a church in Kanawha County in 1834; missionary work in Colombia, South America, 1874-1875; Civil War and postwar conditions in Virginia, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Kentucky, and Missouri; conditions at Camp Chase, in the Civil War; and material relating to World War I.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Personal and business papers of the Lewis family, mainly of John D. (1800-1882), Charles C., Sr. (b.1839), and Charles C., Jr. (b.1865), of Kanawha County. For the period 1825-1875 there are papers of various members of the Ruffner, Dickinson, and Wilson families of West Virginia, Virginia, Ohio, Kansas, Missouri, and other states. The business papers relate to farming operations, the purchase and sale of slaves, salt manufacturing and trade, the Old Sweet Springs Company, coal, iron, oil, lumbering, railroads, and real estate in Kanawha, Clay, Boone, Fayette, and Nicholas counties. There are newspaper clippings, speeches, and other papers reflecting the Lewis' interests in the Democratic Party in the period 1914-1920. Settlement papers and correspondence regarding the estates of John D. Lewis, and Joel, Daniel, and Andrew Ruffner are in the collection. The personal papers include diaries, scrapbooks, photographs, and letters. Travel accounts in the United States, South America, and Europe are given in the correspondence, as well as comments on schools in West Virginia and Virginia; the building of a church in Kanawha County in 1834; missionary work in Colombia, South America, 1874-1875; Civil War and postwar conditions in Virginia, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Kentucky, and Missouri; conditions at Camp Chase, in the Civil War; and material relating to World War I."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_09b6621c61ab2d9582aea3dd56a2cfcb\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. 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For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Personal and business papers of the Lewis family, mainly of John D. (1800-1882), Charles C., Sr. (b.1839), and Charles C., Jr. (b.1865), of Kanawha County. For the period 1825-1875 there are papers of various members of the Ruffner, Dickinson, and Wilson families of West Virginia, Virginia, Ohio, Kansas, Missouri, and other states. The business papers relate to farming operations, the purchase and sale of slaves, salt manufacturing and trade, the Old Sweet Springs Company, coal, iron, oil, lumbering, railroads, and real estate in Kanawha, Clay, Boone, Fayette, and Nicholas counties. There are newspaper clippings, speeches, and other papers reflecting the Lewis' interests in the Democratic Party in the period 1914-1920. Settlement papers and correspondence regarding the estates of John D. Lewis, and Joel, Daniel, and Andrew Ruffner are in the collection. 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For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_776936a598101da86ab6766cbb0f86a8\"\u003ePersonal and business papers of the Lewis family, mainly of John D. (1800-1882), Charles C., Sr. (b.1839), and Charles C., Jr. (b.1865), of Kanawha County. For the period 1825-1875 there are papers of various members of the Ruffner, Dickinson, and Wilson families of West Virginia, Virginia, Ohio, Kansas, Missouri, and other states. The business papers relate to farming operations, the purchase and sale of slaves, salt manufacturing and trade, the Old Sweet Springs Company, coal, iron, oil, lumbering, railroads, and real estate in Kanawha, Clay, Boone, Fayette, and Nicholas counties. There are newspaper clippings, speeches, and other papers reflecting the Lewis' interests in the Democratic Party in the period 1914-1920. Settlement papers and correspondence regarding the estates of John D. Lewis, and Joel, Daniel, and Andrew Ruffner are in the collection. The personal papers include diaries, scrapbooks, photographs, and letters. Travel accounts in the United States, South America, and Europe are given in the correspondence, as well as comments on schools in West Virginia and Virginia; the building of a church in Kanawha County in 1834; missionary work in Colombia, South America, 1874-1875; Civil War and postwar conditions in Virginia, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Kentucky, and Missouri; conditions at Camp Chase, in the Civil War; and material relating to World War I.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Personal and business papers of the Lewis family, mainly of John D. (1800-1882), Charles C., Sr. (b.1839), and Charles C., Jr. (b.1865), of Kanawha County. For the period 1825-1875 there are papers of various members of the Ruffner, Dickinson, and Wilson families of West Virginia, Virginia, Ohio, Kansas, Missouri, and other states. The business papers relate to farming operations, the purchase and sale of slaves, salt manufacturing and trade, the Old Sweet Springs Company, coal, iron, oil, lumbering, railroads, and real estate in Kanawha, Clay, Boone, Fayette, and Nicholas counties. There are newspaper clippings, speeches, and other papers reflecting the Lewis' interests in the Democratic Party in the period 1914-1920. Settlement papers and correspondence regarding the estates of John D. Lewis, and Joel, Daniel, and Andrew Ruffner are in the collection. The personal papers include diaries, scrapbooks, photographs, and letters. Travel accounts in the United States, South America, and Europe are given in the correspondence, as well as comments on schools in West Virginia and Virginia; the building of a church in Kanawha County in 1834; missionary work in Colombia, South America, 1874-1875; Civil War and postwar conditions in Virginia, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Kentucky, and Missouri; conditions at Camp Chase, in the Civil War; and material relating to World War I."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_09b6621c61ab2d9582aea3dd56a2cfcb\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. 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Includes correspondence and notes concerning his duties as a chaplain in World War I and the writing of his books. There are drafts of his \"Imprisoned Preachers and Religious Liberty in Virginia\" (Lynchburg, Virginia., J.P. 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Shiloh Baptist Church, located near Faber, Nelson County, Virginia (1934), History of Grafton Baptist Church, York County, Virginia, constituted in 1777 (1934), History of the First Baptist Church of Newport News, Virginia, from 1863 to 1933 (1936), and Imprisoned Preachers and Religious Liberty in Virginia (1938). Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki:"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLewis Peyton Little Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Lewis Peyton Little Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers, 1918-1936, of Lewis Peyton Little, a Baptist minister in Williamsburg, Virginia. Includes correspondence and notes concerning his duties as a chaplain in World War I and the writing of his books. 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Bell Co., 1938) and of an unpublished work entitled \"The Battle of Bethel\"."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Little, Lewis Peyton"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Little, Lewis Peyton"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":67,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T23:04:37.104Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8887","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8887","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8887","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8887","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_8887.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Little, Lewis Peyton, Papers","title_ssm":["Lewis Peyton Little Papers"],"title_tesim":["Lewis Peyton Little Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1918-1936"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1918-1936"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1918/1936"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Lewis Peyton Little Papers, 1918/1936"],"text":["Lewis Peyton Little Papers, 1918/1936","Mss. 39.2 L72","/repositories/2/resources/8887","Virginia--Religious history","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century","Chaplains, Military--United States--20th century","World War, 1914-1918","Correspondence","Manuscripts (document genre)","Notebooks","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Lewis Peyton Little was Baptist minister, author, and resident of Williamsburg, Va. He served as a chaplain during World War I. Little was also the author of four works during his life; History for 100 years of Mt. Shiloh Baptist Church, located near Faber, Nelson County, Virginia (1934), History of Grafton Baptist Church, York County, Virginia, constituted in 1777 (1934), History of the First Baptist Church of Newport News, Virginia, from 1863 to 1933 (1936), and Imprisoned Preachers and Religious Liberty in Virginia (1938). Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki:","Papers, 1918-1936, of Lewis Peyton Little, a Baptist minister in Williamsburg, Virginia. Includes correspondence and notes concerning his duties as a chaplain in World War I and the writing of his books. There are drafts of his \"Imprisoned Preachers and Religious Liberty in Virginia\" (Lynchburg, Virginia., J.P. Bell Co., 1938) and of an unpublished work entitled \"The Battle of Bethel\".","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","Little, Lewis Peyton","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Lewis Peyton Little Papers, 1918/1936"],"collection_ssim":["Lewis Peyton Little Papers, 1918/1936"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss. 39.2 L72","/repositories/2/resources/8887"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss. 39.2 L72","/repositories/2/resources/8887"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia--Religious history","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia--Religious history","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century"],"places_ssim":["Virginia--Religious history","Williamsburg (Va.)--History--20th century"],"creator_ssm":["Little, Lewis Peyton"],"creator_ssim":["Little, Lewis Peyton"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Little, Lewis Peyton"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Little, Lewis Peyton","Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Chaplains, Military--United States--20th century","World War, 1914-1918","Correspondence","Manuscripts (document genre)","Notebooks"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Chaplains, Military--United States--20th century","World War, 1914-1918","Correspondence","Manuscripts (document genre)","Notebooks"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["28.00 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["28.00 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Manuscripts (document genre)","Notebooks"],"date_range_isim":[1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLewis Peyton Little was Baptist minister, author, and resident of Williamsburg, Va. He served as a chaplain during World War I. Little was also the author of four works during his life; History for 100 years of Mt. Shiloh Baptist Church, located near Faber, Nelson County, Virginia (1934), History of Grafton Baptist Church, York County, Virginia, constituted in 1777 (1934), History of the First Baptist Church of Newport News, Virginia, from 1863 to 1933 (1936), and Imprisoned Preachers and Religious Liberty in Virginia (1938). Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: \u003cextref actuate=\"onRequest\" audience=\"external\" show=\"embed\" href=\"http://scdbwiki.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Lewis_Peyton_Little\" title=\"Lewis Peyton Little\"\u003e\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information:"],"bioghist_tesim":["Lewis Peyton Little was Baptist minister, author, and resident of Williamsburg, Va. He served as a chaplain during World War I. Little was also the author of four works during his life; History for 100 years of Mt. Shiloh Baptist Church, located near Faber, Nelson County, Virginia (1934), History of Grafton Baptist Church, York County, Virginia, constituted in 1777 (1934), History of the First Baptist Church of Newport News, Virginia, from 1863 to 1933 (1936), and Imprisoned Preachers and Religious Liberty in Virginia (1938). Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki:"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLewis Peyton Little Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Lewis Peyton Little Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers, 1918-1936, of Lewis Peyton Little, a Baptist minister in Williamsburg, Virginia. Includes correspondence and notes concerning his duties as a chaplain in World War I and the writing of his books. There are drafts of his \"Imprisoned Preachers and Religious Liberty in Virginia\" (Lynchburg, Virginia., J.P. Bell Co., 1938) and of an unpublished work entitled \"The Battle of Bethel\".\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers, 1918-1936, of Lewis Peyton Little, a Baptist minister in Williamsburg, Virginia. Includes correspondence and notes concerning his duties as a chaplain in World War I and the writing of his books. There are drafts of his \"Imprisoned Preachers and Religious Liberty in Virginia\" (Lynchburg, Virginia., J.P. Bell Co., 1938) and of an unpublished work entitled \"The Battle of Bethel\"."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Little, Lewis Peyton"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","Little, Lewis Peyton"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":67,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T23:04:37.104Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_8887"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6382","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Louis A. Johnson Papers, 1890/1980","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6382#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003ePapers of Louis Arthur Johnson, (1891-1966), Clarksburg lawyer, and Washington, D.C. politician who co-founded the law office of Steptoe \u0026amp; Johnson. Johnson studied law at the University of Virginia and upon graduation immediately took up residence in the booming oil and gas town of Clarksburg, W. Va. and began the firm with Philip P. Steptoe. He served in France and Germany during and immediately after the First World War, and upon his return married Ruth Maxwell from Clarksburg. From 1937-1940 Johnson was the Assistant Secretary of War under President Roosevelt and later served as the second United States Secretary of Defense under President Truman from March 1949 to September 1950. Asked to resign by President Truman, Johnson returned to his law practice in Clarksburg until his death in 1966. This collection is minimally processed.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6382#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6382","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6382","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6382","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6382","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_6382.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/199294","title_ssm":["Louis A. Johnson Papers"],"title_tesim":["Louis A. Johnson Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["ca. 1890-1980"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["ca. 1890-1980"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1890/1980"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Louis A. Johnson Papers, 1890/1980"],"text":["Louis A. Johnson Papers, 1890/1980","A\u0026M 4311","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/6382","United States -- Politics and government -- 20th century","World War, 1914-1918 -- Soldiers' letters","World War, 1914-1918","No special access restriction applies.","Researchers may access digitized and born digital materials by visiting the link attached to each item or by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department.","Papers of Louis Arthur Johnson, (1891-1966), Clarksburg lawyer, and Washington, D.C. politician who co-founded the law office of Steptoe \u0026 Johnson. Johnson studied law at the University of Virginia and upon graduation immediately took up residence in the booming oil and gas town of Clarksburg, W. Va. and began the firm with Philip P. Steptoe. He served in France and Germany during and immediately after the First World War, and upon his return married Ruth Maxwell from Clarksburg. From 1937-1940 Johnson was the Assistant Secretary of War under President Roosevelt and later served as the second United States Secretary of Defense under President Truman from March 1949 to September 1950. Asked to resign by President Truman, Johnson returned to his law practice in Clarksburg until his death in 1966. This collection is minimally processed.","The collection includes correspondence, photographs, publications, news clippings, artifacts, etc. regarding Johnson's service in World War I, his political career, his social network, and his family life, among other topics. The collection also includes material related to other family members, especially his wife Ruth Maxwell Johnson, the Maxwell family, and Johnson's daughters, Lillian and Ruth Katherine (Kay) Johnson.","Series 1. Biographical Information; boxes 13-15, 31, 45, 52, 54-55; ca. 1910-2005.\nSeries 2. Diaries; boxes 19 and 23; 1916-1964.\nSeries 3. World War I Letters; boxes 1-4; 1917-1918.\nSeries 4. Correspondence; boxes 5a-7, 14, 21; 1917-1966.\nSeries 5. Scrapbooks; boxes 35, 40, 47, and 57; ca. 1920-1950.\nSeries 6. Publications; boxes 7, 9-12b, 15-18, 53, 57; 1913-1983.\nSeries 7. Miscellaneous Papers; boxes 8, 12a-12b, 14, 18-20, 23; 1917-1966, undated.\nSeries 8. News Clippings; boxes 12a-12b, 14, 18, 21-22, 53; 1913-1966.\nSeries 9. Photo Albums; boxes 29-32, 38, 41, 50; ca. 1910-1970.\nSeries 10. Photographs; boxes 3, 7, 12b-14, 18-21, 23-28, 31, 33-34, 36-41, 42-49, 51-52, 54, 58-60, 62, 69; ca. 1870-1970.\nSeries 11. Artifacts; boxes 16, 50-51, 53-54, 56a-56b, 60-61, 63-68, 84; 1917-1960, undated.\nSeries 12. Oversize; boxes 70-84, map cabinet 10, unboxed; ca. 1915-2013, undated.","Group photo signed by Harry Truman moved to A\u0026M 435, Rare Signatures.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Johnson, Louis Arthur, 1891-1966","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Louis A. Johnson Papers, 1890/1980"],"collection_ssim":["Louis A. Johnson Papers, 1890/1980"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 4311","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/6382"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 4311","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/6382"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- Politics and government -- 20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government -- 20th century"],"places_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government -- 20th century"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Johnson, Louis Arthur, 1891-1966"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"creators_ssim":["Johnson, Louis Arthur, 1891-1966","West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["World War, 1914-1918 -- Soldiers' letters","World War, 1914-1918"],"access_subjects_ssm":["World War, 1914-1918 -- Soldiers' letters","World War, 1914-1918"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["52.6 Linear Feet 52 ft. 7 in. (15 document cases, 5 in. each); (4 document cases, 2 1/2 in. each); (21 record cartons, 15 in. each); (5 record cartons, 17 in. each); (4 small flat storage boxes, 1 1/2 in. each); (7 small flat storage boxes, 3 1/2 in. each); (2 small flat storage boxes, 4 in. each); (3 large flat storage boxes, 1 1/2 in. each); (12 large flat storage boxes, 3 in. each); (12 large flat storage boxes, 3 1/2 in. each); (1 large flat storage box, 5 in.); (1 card file box, 6 in.); (1 card file box, 3 in.); (2 artifact trays, 1 in. each); (1 roll storage box, 4 in.); (1 roll storage box, 5 in.); 1 oversize folder, 2 flag stands, 1 submarine model, 1 wooden box, 1 trunk","0.04 Gigabytes 13 .jpg files"],"extent_tesim":["52.6 Linear Feet 52 ft. 7 in. (15 document cases, 5 in. each); (4 document cases, 2 1/2 in. each); (21 record cartons, 15 in. each); (5 record cartons, 17 in. each); (4 small flat storage boxes, 1 1/2 in. each); (7 small flat storage boxes, 3 1/2 in. each); (2 small flat storage boxes, 4 in. each); (3 large flat storage boxes, 1 1/2 in. each); (12 large flat storage boxes, 3 in. each); (12 large flat storage boxes, 3 1/2 in. each); (1 large flat storage box, 5 in.); (1 card file box, 6 in.); (1 card file box, 3 in.); (2 artifact trays, 1 in. each); (1 roll storage box, 4 in.); (1 roll storage box, 5 in.); 1 oversize folder, 2 flag stands, 1 submarine model, 1 wooden box, 1 trunk","0.04 Gigabytes 13 .jpg files"],"date_range_isim":[1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may access digitized and born digital materials by visiting the link attached to each item or by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the \u003ca href=\"https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center reference department\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies.","Researchers may access digitized and born digital materials by visiting the link attached to each item or by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Louis A. Johnson Papers, A\u0026amp;M 4311, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Louis A. Johnson Papers, A\u0026M 4311, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers of Louis Arthur Johnson, (1891-1966), Clarksburg lawyer, and Washington, D.C. politician who co-founded the law office of Steptoe \u0026amp; Johnson. Johnson studied law at the University of Virginia and upon graduation immediately took up residence in the booming oil and gas town of Clarksburg, W. Va. and began the firm with Philip P. Steptoe. He served in France and Germany during and immediately after the First World War, and upon his return married Ruth Maxwell from Clarksburg. From 1937-1940 Johnson was the Assistant Secretary of War under President Roosevelt and later served as the second United States Secretary of Defense under President Truman from March 1949 to September 1950. Asked to resign by President Truman, Johnson returned to his law practice in Clarksburg until his death in 1966. This collection is minimally processed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes correspondence, photographs, publications, news clippings, artifacts, etc. regarding Johnson's service in World War I, his political career, his social network, and his family life, among other topics. The collection also includes material related to other family members, especially his wife Ruth Maxwell Johnson, the Maxwell family, and Johnson's daughters, Lillian and Ruth Katherine (Kay) Johnson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1. Biographical Information; boxes 13-15, 31, 45, 52, 54-55; ca. 1910-2005.\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 2. Diaries; boxes 19 and 23; 1916-1964.\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 3. World War I Letters; boxes 1-4; 1917-1918.\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 4. Correspondence; boxes 5a-7, 14, 21; 1917-1966.\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 5. Scrapbooks; boxes 35, 40, 47, and 57; ca. 1920-1950.\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 6. Publications; boxes 7, 9-12b, 15-18, 53, 57; 1913-1983.\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 7. Miscellaneous Papers; boxes 8, 12a-12b, 14, 18-20, 23; 1917-1966, undated.\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 8. News Clippings; boxes 12a-12b, 14, 18, 21-22, 53; 1913-1966.\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 9. Photo Albums; boxes 29-32, 38, 41, 50; ca. 1910-1970.\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 10. Photographs; boxes 3, 7, 12b-14, 18-21, 23-28, 31, 33-34, 36-41, 42-49, 51-52, 54, 58-60, 62, 69; ca. 1870-1970.\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 11. Artifacts; boxes 16, 50-51, 53-54, 56a-56b, 60-61, 63-68, 84; 1917-1960, undated.\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 12. Oversize; boxes 70-84, map cabinet 10, unboxed; ca. 1915-2013, undated.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers of Louis Arthur Johnson, (1891-1966), Clarksburg lawyer, and Washington, D.C. politician who co-founded the law office of Steptoe \u0026 Johnson. Johnson studied law at the University of Virginia and upon graduation immediately took up residence in the booming oil and gas town of Clarksburg, W. Va. and began the firm with Philip P. Steptoe. He served in France and Germany during and immediately after the First World War, and upon his return married Ruth Maxwell from Clarksburg. From 1937-1940 Johnson was the Assistant Secretary of War under President Roosevelt and later served as the second United States Secretary of Defense under President Truman from March 1949 to September 1950. Asked to resign by President Truman, Johnson returned to his law practice in Clarksburg until his death in 1966. This collection is minimally processed.","The collection includes correspondence, photographs, publications, news clippings, artifacts, etc. regarding Johnson's service in World War I, his political career, his social network, and his family life, among other topics. The collection also includes material related to other family members, especially his wife Ruth Maxwell Johnson, the Maxwell family, and Johnson's daughters, Lillian and Ruth Katherine (Kay) Johnson.","Series 1. Biographical Information; boxes 13-15, 31, 45, 52, 54-55; ca. 1910-2005.\nSeries 2. Diaries; boxes 19 and 23; 1916-1964.\nSeries 3. World War I Letters; boxes 1-4; 1917-1918.\nSeries 4. Correspondence; boxes 5a-7, 14, 21; 1917-1966.\nSeries 5. Scrapbooks; boxes 35, 40, 47, and 57; ca. 1920-1950.\nSeries 6. Publications; boxes 7, 9-12b, 15-18, 53, 57; 1913-1983.\nSeries 7. Miscellaneous Papers; boxes 8, 12a-12b, 14, 18-20, 23; 1917-1966, undated.\nSeries 8. News Clippings; boxes 12a-12b, 14, 18, 21-22, 53; 1913-1966.\nSeries 9. Photo Albums; boxes 29-32, 38, 41, 50; ca. 1910-1970.\nSeries 10. Photographs; boxes 3, 7, 12b-14, 18-21, 23-28, 31, 33-34, 36-41, 42-49, 51-52, 54, 58-60, 62, 69; ca. 1870-1970.\nSeries 11. Artifacts; boxes 16, 50-51, 53-54, 56a-56b, 60-61, 63-68, 84; 1917-1960, undated.\nSeries 12. Oversize; boxes 70-84, map cabinet 10, unboxed; ca. 1915-2013, undated."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGroup photo signed by Harry Truman moved to A\u0026amp;M 435, Rare Signatures.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Group photo signed by Harry Truman moved to A\u0026M 435, Rare Signatures."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_aa9716f1db7854b108d003e102796741\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"persname_ssim":["Johnson, Louis Arthur, 1891-1966"],"names_coll_ssim":["Johnson, Louis Arthur, 1891-1966"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Johnson, Louis Arthur, 1891-1966"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":175,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T23:11:07.415Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6382","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6382","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6382","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6382","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_6382.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/199294","title_ssm":["Louis A. Johnson Papers"],"title_tesim":["Louis A. Johnson Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["ca. 1890-1980"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["ca. 1890-1980"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1890/1980"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Louis A. Johnson Papers, 1890/1980"],"text":["Louis A. Johnson Papers, 1890/1980","A\u0026M 4311","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/6382","United States -- Politics and government -- 20th century","World War, 1914-1918 -- Soldiers' letters","World War, 1914-1918","No special access restriction applies.","Researchers may access digitized and born digital materials by visiting the link attached to each item or by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department.","Papers of Louis Arthur Johnson, (1891-1966), Clarksburg lawyer, and Washington, D.C. politician who co-founded the law office of Steptoe \u0026 Johnson. Johnson studied law at the University of Virginia and upon graduation immediately took up residence in the booming oil and gas town of Clarksburg, W. Va. and began the firm with Philip P. Steptoe. He served in France and Germany during and immediately after the First World War, and upon his return married Ruth Maxwell from Clarksburg. From 1937-1940 Johnson was the Assistant Secretary of War under President Roosevelt and later served as the second United States Secretary of Defense under President Truman from March 1949 to September 1950. Asked to resign by President Truman, Johnson returned to his law practice in Clarksburg until his death in 1966. This collection is minimally processed.","The collection includes correspondence, photographs, publications, news clippings, artifacts, etc. regarding Johnson's service in World War I, his political career, his social network, and his family life, among other topics. The collection also includes material related to other family members, especially his wife Ruth Maxwell Johnson, the Maxwell family, and Johnson's daughters, Lillian and Ruth Katherine (Kay) Johnson.","Series 1. Biographical Information; boxes 13-15, 31, 45, 52, 54-55; ca. 1910-2005.\nSeries 2. Diaries; boxes 19 and 23; 1916-1964.\nSeries 3. World War I Letters; boxes 1-4; 1917-1918.\nSeries 4. Correspondence; boxes 5a-7, 14, 21; 1917-1966.\nSeries 5. Scrapbooks; boxes 35, 40, 47, and 57; ca. 1920-1950.\nSeries 6. Publications; boxes 7, 9-12b, 15-18, 53, 57; 1913-1983.\nSeries 7. Miscellaneous Papers; boxes 8, 12a-12b, 14, 18-20, 23; 1917-1966, undated.\nSeries 8. News Clippings; boxes 12a-12b, 14, 18, 21-22, 53; 1913-1966.\nSeries 9. Photo Albums; boxes 29-32, 38, 41, 50; ca. 1910-1970.\nSeries 10. Photographs; boxes 3, 7, 12b-14, 18-21, 23-28, 31, 33-34, 36-41, 42-49, 51-52, 54, 58-60, 62, 69; ca. 1870-1970.\nSeries 11. Artifacts; boxes 16, 50-51, 53-54, 56a-56b, 60-61, 63-68, 84; 1917-1960, undated.\nSeries 12. Oversize; boxes 70-84, map cabinet 10, unboxed; ca. 1915-2013, undated.","Group photo signed by Harry Truman moved to A\u0026M 435, Rare Signatures.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Johnson, Louis Arthur, 1891-1966","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Louis A. Johnson Papers, 1890/1980"],"collection_ssim":["Louis A. Johnson Papers, 1890/1980"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 4311","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/6382"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 4311","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/6382"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- Politics and government -- 20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government -- 20th century"],"places_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government -- 20th century"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Johnson, Louis Arthur, 1891-1966"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"creators_ssim":["Johnson, Louis Arthur, 1891-1966","West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["World War, 1914-1918 -- Soldiers' letters","World War, 1914-1918"],"access_subjects_ssm":["World War, 1914-1918 -- Soldiers' letters","World War, 1914-1918"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["52.6 Linear Feet 52 ft. 7 in. (15 document cases, 5 in. each); (4 document cases, 2 1/2 in. each); (21 record cartons, 15 in. each); (5 record cartons, 17 in. each); (4 small flat storage boxes, 1 1/2 in. each); (7 small flat storage boxes, 3 1/2 in. each); (2 small flat storage boxes, 4 in. each); (3 large flat storage boxes, 1 1/2 in. each); (12 large flat storage boxes, 3 in. each); (12 large flat storage boxes, 3 1/2 in. each); (1 large flat storage box, 5 in.); (1 card file box, 6 in.); (1 card file box, 3 in.); (2 artifact trays, 1 in. each); (1 roll storage box, 4 in.); (1 roll storage box, 5 in.); 1 oversize folder, 2 flag stands, 1 submarine model, 1 wooden box, 1 trunk","0.04 Gigabytes 13 .jpg files"],"extent_tesim":["52.6 Linear Feet 52 ft. 7 in. (15 document cases, 5 in. each); (4 document cases, 2 1/2 in. each); (21 record cartons, 15 in. each); (5 record cartons, 17 in. each); (4 small flat storage boxes, 1 1/2 in. each); (7 small flat storage boxes, 3 1/2 in. each); (2 small flat storage boxes, 4 in. each); (3 large flat storage boxes, 1 1/2 in. each); (12 large flat storage boxes, 3 in. each); (12 large flat storage boxes, 3 1/2 in. each); (1 large flat storage box, 5 in.); (1 card file box, 6 in.); (1 card file box, 3 in.); (2 artifact trays, 1 in. each); (1 roll storage box, 4 in.); (1 roll storage box, 5 in.); 1 oversize folder, 2 flag stands, 1 submarine model, 1 wooden box, 1 trunk","0.04 Gigabytes 13 .jpg files"],"date_range_isim":[1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may access digitized and born digital materials by visiting the link attached to each item or by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the \u003ca href=\"https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center reference department\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies.","Researchers may access digitized and born digital materials by visiting the link attached to each item or by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Louis A. Johnson Papers, A\u0026amp;M 4311, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Louis A. Johnson Papers, A\u0026M 4311, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers of Louis Arthur Johnson, (1891-1966), Clarksburg lawyer, and Washington, D.C. politician who co-founded the law office of Steptoe \u0026amp; Johnson. Johnson studied law at the University of Virginia and upon graduation immediately took up residence in the booming oil and gas town of Clarksburg, W. Va. and began the firm with Philip P. Steptoe. He served in France and Germany during and immediately after the First World War, and upon his return married Ruth Maxwell from Clarksburg. From 1937-1940 Johnson was the Assistant Secretary of War under President Roosevelt and later served as the second United States Secretary of Defense under President Truman from March 1949 to September 1950. Asked to resign by President Truman, Johnson returned to his law practice in Clarksburg until his death in 1966. This collection is minimally processed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes correspondence, photographs, publications, news clippings, artifacts, etc. regarding Johnson's service in World War I, his political career, his social network, and his family life, among other topics. The collection also includes material related to other family members, especially his wife Ruth Maxwell Johnson, the Maxwell family, and Johnson's daughters, Lillian and Ruth Katherine (Kay) Johnson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1. Biographical Information; boxes 13-15, 31, 45, 52, 54-55; ca. 1910-2005.\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 2. Diaries; boxes 19 and 23; 1916-1964.\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 3. World War I Letters; boxes 1-4; 1917-1918.\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 4. Correspondence; boxes 5a-7, 14, 21; 1917-1966.\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 5. Scrapbooks; boxes 35, 40, 47, and 57; ca. 1920-1950.\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 6. Publications; boxes 7, 9-12b, 15-18, 53, 57; 1913-1983.\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 7. Miscellaneous Papers; boxes 8, 12a-12b, 14, 18-20, 23; 1917-1966, undated.\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 8. News Clippings; boxes 12a-12b, 14, 18, 21-22, 53; 1913-1966.\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 9. Photo Albums; boxes 29-32, 38, 41, 50; ca. 1910-1970.\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 10. Photographs; boxes 3, 7, 12b-14, 18-21, 23-28, 31, 33-34, 36-41, 42-49, 51-52, 54, 58-60, 62, 69; ca. 1870-1970.\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 11. Artifacts; boxes 16, 50-51, 53-54, 56a-56b, 60-61, 63-68, 84; 1917-1960, undated.\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 12. Oversize; boxes 70-84, map cabinet 10, unboxed; ca. 1915-2013, undated.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers of Louis Arthur Johnson, (1891-1966), Clarksburg lawyer, and Washington, D.C. politician who co-founded the law office of Steptoe \u0026 Johnson. Johnson studied law at the University of Virginia and upon graduation immediately took up residence in the booming oil and gas town of Clarksburg, W. Va. and began the firm with Philip P. Steptoe. He served in France and Germany during and immediately after the First World War, and upon his return married Ruth Maxwell from Clarksburg. From 1937-1940 Johnson was the Assistant Secretary of War under President Roosevelt and later served as the second United States Secretary of Defense under President Truman from March 1949 to September 1950. Asked to resign by President Truman, Johnson returned to his law practice in Clarksburg until his death in 1966. This collection is minimally processed.","The collection includes correspondence, photographs, publications, news clippings, artifacts, etc. regarding Johnson's service in World War I, his political career, his social network, and his family life, among other topics. The collection also includes material related to other family members, especially his wife Ruth Maxwell Johnson, the Maxwell family, and Johnson's daughters, Lillian and Ruth Katherine (Kay) Johnson.","Series 1. Biographical Information; boxes 13-15, 31, 45, 52, 54-55; ca. 1910-2005.\nSeries 2. Diaries; boxes 19 and 23; 1916-1964.\nSeries 3. World War I Letters; boxes 1-4; 1917-1918.\nSeries 4. Correspondence; boxes 5a-7, 14, 21; 1917-1966.\nSeries 5. Scrapbooks; boxes 35, 40, 47, and 57; ca. 1920-1950.\nSeries 6. Publications; boxes 7, 9-12b, 15-18, 53, 57; 1913-1983.\nSeries 7. Miscellaneous Papers; boxes 8, 12a-12b, 14, 18-20, 23; 1917-1966, undated.\nSeries 8. News Clippings; boxes 12a-12b, 14, 18, 21-22, 53; 1913-1966.\nSeries 9. Photo Albums; boxes 29-32, 38, 41, 50; ca. 1910-1970.\nSeries 10. Photographs; boxes 3, 7, 12b-14, 18-21, 23-28, 31, 33-34, 36-41, 42-49, 51-52, 54, 58-60, 62, 69; ca. 1870-1970.\nSeries 11. Artifacts; boxes 16, 50-51, 53-54, 56a-56b, 60-61, 63-68, 84; 1917-1960, undated.\nSeries 12. Oversize; boxes 70-84, map cabinet 10, unboxed; ca. 1915-2013, undated."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGroup photo signed by Harry Truman moved to A\u0026amp;M 435, Rare Signatures.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Group photo signed by Harry Truman moved to A\u0026M 435, Rare Signatures."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_aa9716f1db7854b108d003e102796741\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"persname_ssim":["Johnson, Louis Arthur, 1891-1966"],"names_coll_ssim":["Johnson, Louis Arthur, 1891-1966"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Johnson, Louis Arthur, 1891-1966"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":175,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T23:11:07.415Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6382"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1357","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Marbury Johnston Papers, 1878/1934","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1357#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Johnston, Marbury, 1860-1934","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1357#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The papers of U. S. Navy Rear Admiral Marbury Johnston (1860-1934) include naval orders and personnel records, as well as a draft for a book of reminiscences, titled \"The Recollections of Another Naval Officer.\"","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1357#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1357","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1357","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1357","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1357","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1357.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Johnston, Marbury, Papers","title_ssm":["Marbury Johnston Papers"],"title_tesim":["Marbury Johnston Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1878-1934"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1878-1934"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1878/1934"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Marbury Johnston Papers, 1878/1934"],"text":["Marbury Johnston Papers, 1878/1934","Ms.1981.100","World War, 1914-1918","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged by material type.","Born in Albany (Bibb County), Georgia on December 2, 1860, Marbury Johnston was the son of Thomas H. and Lamara Hill Johnston. After graduating from the U. S. Naval Academy in 1882, Johnston was assigned to the USS Yantic. In 1883, he was transferred to the USS Swatara. The following year, Johnston was promoted to ensign and transferred to the training ship USS Portsmouth. In 1887, Johnston was assigned to the Fish Commission Steamer USS Albatross, a research vessel. After three years on the Albatross, he was transferred to the Office of Naval Intelligence, where he served for a year, then served two years on the USS Concord. Promoted to lieutenant, junior grade in 1894, he spent the next few years under various assignments (the USS R. S. Franklin, the War College and Torpedo School, the San Francisco, the New Orleans, and the Cassius) before being placed in command of the Nero in 1899. He served a year aboard the Prairie as executive officer; then in quick succession, he served aboard the Vermont, the  Columbia, the Dolphin and the  Montgomery.","In 1902, Johnston was assigned as assistant to the U. S. minister at La Guyara, Venezuela. Six months later, he became naval attache at Caracas, Venezuela, a post in which he served for six months. Returning to Washington, D. C., Johnston was promoted to lieutenant commander and given command of the Second Torpedo Flotilla. From 1907 to 1908, he again served aboard the Albatross, this time as the ship's commander. His command was transferred to the USS  Galveston in 1908. The following year, Johnston was assigned to Navy Yard Puget Sound, and in 1910, he became captain of the Navy Yard at Portsmouth, New Hampshire. The following year, Johnston was promoted to captain and placed in command of the USS Georgia. In 1913, Johnston attended a long course at the Naval War College. In 1914, he reported for duty as commandant of the New Orleans Navy Yard and Station, a post in which he served until 1917, when he was given command of a patrol force, and soon thereafter was placed in command of the Atlantic Fleet's Squadron 2, Cruiser Force, and promoted to rear admiral. From 1918 to 1921, he served as commandant of the 15th Naval District, adjacent to the Panama Canal Zone. In the latter year, Johnston became director of naval communications and president of the Naval Examining and Retiring Board, the post at which he served until his retirement in 1924.","A lifelong bachelor, Johnston by 1930 was living with his sister and brother-in-law, Rebecca and Robert Toombs in Randolph County, Georgia. Marbury Johnston died on March 15, 1934, and was buried in Riverside Cemetery, Macon, Georgia.","The guide to the Marbury Johnston Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Marbury Johnston Papers commenced and was completed in October, 2014.","This collection contains the papers of Marbury Johnston, a career officer in the United States Navy during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Half of the collection consists of Johnston's official naval records, including orders and personnel records, chronicling Johnston's assignments and promotions, beginning with his 1878 appointment as a cadet midshipman at the U. S. Naval Academy and ending with his retirement in 1924. Accompanying these personnel records is a brief chronology of Johnston's life and career.","Comprising the other half of the collection is a book draft by Johnston, titled \"The Recollections of Another Naval Officer.\" The draft chronicles in detail Johnston's personal experiences during his 40-plus years in the U. S. Navy, commencing with his admission to the Naval Academy. The draft seems to be incomplete, with the narrative ending around 1917. A middle portion of the draft is in typescript form; the remainder is in Johnston's hand. Though the narrative touches on some of the larger issues facing the U. S. Navy during Johnston's years in service, the focus is largely on his personal experiences. As Johnston mentions in his introduction, \"Any one seeking a weighty article on the changes in the Navy, or a dissertation on the Sampson - Schley, Daniels Sims controversies may look elsewhere.\"","The collection also contains a photograph of the USS Indianapolis and a musical program from the HMS  Emperor of India.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The papers of U. S. Navy Rear Admiral Marbury Johnston (1860-1934) include naval orders and personnel records, as well as a draft for a book of reminiscences, titled \"The Recollections of Another Naval Officer.\"","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","United States. Navy","Johnston, Marbury, 1860-1934","The materials in the collection are in English."],"collection_title_tesim":["Marbury Johnston Papers, 1878/1934"],"collection_ssim":["Marbury Johnston Papers, 1878/1934"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1981.100"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1981.100"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Johnston, Marbury, 1860-1934"],"creator_ssim":["Johnston, Marbury, 1860-1934"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Johnston, Marbury, 1860-1934"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","United States. Navy"],"creators_ssim":["Johnston, Marbury, 1860-1934","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","United States. Navy"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Marbury Johnston Papers were acquired by Special Collections in 1981."],"access_subjects_ssim":["World War, 1914-1918"],"access_subjects_ssm":["World War, 1914-1918"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.2 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.2 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"date_range_isim":[1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged by material type.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged by material type."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBorn in Albany (Bibb County), Georgia on December 2, 1860, Marbury Johnston was the son of Thomas H. and Lamara Hill Johnston. After graduating from the U. S. Naval Academy in 1882, Johnston was assigned to the USS \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eYantic\u003c/title\u003e. In 1883, he was transferred to the USS \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eSwatara\u003c/title\u003e. The following year, Johnston was promoted to ensign and transferred to the training ship USS \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003ePortsmouth\u003c/title\u003e. In 1887, Johnston was assigned to the Fish Commission Steamer USS \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eAlbatross\u003c/title\u003e, a research vessel. After three years on the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eAlbatross\u003c/title\u003e, he was transferred to the Office of Naval Intelligence, where he served for a year, then served two years on the USS \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eConcord\u003c/title\u003e. Promoted to lieutenant, junior grade in 1894, he spent the next few years under various assignments (the USS \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eR. S. Franklin\u003c/title\u003e, the War College and Torpedo School, the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eSan Francisco\u003c/title\u003e, the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eNew Orleans\u003c/title\u003e, and the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eCassius\u003c/title\u003e) before being placed in command of the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eNero\u003c/title\u003e in 1899. He served a year aboard the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003ePrairie\u003c/title\u003e as executive officer; then in quick succession, he served aboard the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eVermont\u003c/title\u003e, the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003e Columbia\u003c/title\u003e, the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eDolphin\u003c/title\u003e and the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003e Montgomery\u003c/title\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1902, Johnston was assigned as assistant to the U. S. minister at La Guyara, Venezuela. Six months later, he became naval attache at Caracas, Venezuela, a post in which he served for six months. Returning to Washington, D. C., Johnston was promoted to lieutenant commander and given command of the Second Torpedo Flotilla. From 1907 to 1908, he again served aboard the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eAlbatross\u003c/title\u003e, this time as the ship's commander. His command was transferred to the USS \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003e Galveston\u003c/title\u003e in 1908. The following year, Johnston was assigned to Navy Yard Puget Sound, and in 1910, he became captain of the Navy Yard at Portsmouth, New Hampshire. The following year, Johnston was promoted to captain and placed in command of the USS \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eGeorgia\u003c/title\u003e. In 1913, Johnston attended a long course at the Naval War College. In 1914, he reported for duty as commandant of the New Orleans Navy Yard and Station, a post in which he served until 1917, when he was given command of a patrol force, and soon thereafter was placed in command of the Atlantic Fleet's Squadron 2, Cruiser Force, and promoted to rear admiral. From 1918 to 1921, he served as commandant of the 15th Naval District, adjacent to the Panama Canal Zone. In the latter year, Johnston became director of naval communications and president of the Naval Examining and Retiring Board, the post at which he served until his retirement in 1924.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA lifelong bachelor, Johnston by 1930 was living with his sister and brother-in-law, Rebecca and Robert Toombs in Randolph County, Georgia. Marbury Johnston died on March 15, 1934, and was buried in Riverside Cemetery, Macon, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Born in Albany (Bibb County), Georgia on December 2, 1860, Marbury Johnston was the son of Thomas H. and Lamara Hill Johnston. After graduating from the U. S. Naval Academy in 1882, Johnston was assigned to the USS Yantic. In 1883, he was transferred to the USS Swatara. The following year, Johnston was promoted to ensign and transferred to the training ship USS Portsmouth. In 1887, Johnston was assigned to the Fish Commission Steamer USS Albatross, a research vessel. After three years on the Albatross, he was transferred to the Office of Naval Intelligence, where he served for a year, then served two years on the USS Concord. Promoted to lieutenant, junior grade in 1894, he spent the next few years under various assignments (the USS R. S. Franklin, the War College and Torpedo School, the San Francisco, the New Orleans, and the Cassius) before being placed in command of the Nero in 1899. He served a year aboard the Prairie as executive officer; then in quick succession, he served aboard the Vermont, the  Columbia, the Dolphin and the  Montgomery.","In 1902, Johnston was assigned as assistant to the U. S. minister at La Guyara, Venezuela. Six months later, he became naval attache at Caracas, Venezuela, a post in which he served for six months. Returning to Washington, D. C., Johnston was promoted to lieutenant commander and given command of the Second Torpedo Flotilla. From 1907 to 1908, he again served aboard the Albatross, this time as the ship's commander. His command was transferred to the USS  Galveston in 1908. The following year, Johnston was assigned to Navy Yard Puget Sound, and in 1910, he became captain of the Navy Yard at Portsmouth, New Hampshire. The following year, Johnston was promoted to captain and placed in command of the USS Georgia. In 1913, Johnston attended a long course at the Naval War College. In 1914, he reported for duty as commandant of the New Orleans Navy Yard and Station, a post in which he served until 1917, when he was given command of a patrol force, and soon thereafter was placed in command of the Atlantic Fleet's Squadron 2, Cruiser Force, and promoted to rear admiral. From 1918 to 1921, he served as commandant of the 15th Naval District, adjacent to the Panama Canal Zone. In the latter year, Johnston became director of naval communications and president of the Naval Examining and Retiring Board, the post at which he served until his retirement in 1924.","A lifelong bachelor, Johnston by 1930 was living with his sister and brother-in-law, Rebecca and Robert Toombs in Randolph County, Georgia. Marbury Johnston died on March 15, 1934, and was buried in Riverside Cemetery, Macon, Georgia."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Marbury Johnston Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Marbury Johnston Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Marbury Johnston Papers, Ms1981-100, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Marbury Johnston Papers, Ms1981-100, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Marbury Johnston Papers commenced and was completed in October, 2014.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Marbury Johnston Papers commenced and was completed in October, 2014."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the papers of Marbury Johnston, a career officer in the United States Navy during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Half of the collection consists of Johnston's official naval records, including orders and personnel records, chronicling Johnston's assignments and promotions, beginning with his 1878 appointment as a cadet midshipman at the U. S. Naval Academy and ending with his retirement in 1924. Accompanying these personnel records is a brief chronology of Johnston's life and career. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eComprising the other half of the collection is a book draft by Johnston, titled \"The Recollections of Another Naval Officer.\" The draft chronicles in detail Johnston's personal experiences during his 40-plus years in the U. S. Navy, commencing with his admission to the Naval Academy. The draft seems to be incomplete, with the narrative ending around 1917. A middle portion of the draft is in typescript form; the remainder is in Johnston's hand. Though the narrative touches on some of the larger issues facing the U. S. Navy during Johnston's years in service, the focus is largely on his personal experiences. As Johnston mentions in his introduction, \"Any one seeking a weighty article on the changes in the Navy, or a dissertation on the Sampson - Schley, Daniels Sims controversies may look elsewhere.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also contains a photograph of the USS \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eIndianapolis\u003c/title\u003e and a musical program from the HMS \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003e Emperor of India\u003c/title\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains the papers of Marbury Johnston, a career officer in the United States Navy during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Half of the collection consists of Johnston's official naval records, including orders and personnel records, chronicling Johnston's assignments and promotions, beginning with his 1878 appointment as a cadet midshipman at the U. S. Naval Academy and ending with his retirement in 1924. Accompanying these personnel records is a brief chronology of Johnston's life and career.","Comprising the other half of the collection is a book draft by Johnston, titled \"The Recollections of Another Naval Officer.\" The draft chronicles in detail Johnston's personal experiences during his 40-plus years in the U. S. Navy, commencing with his admission to the Naval Academy. The draft seems to be incomplete, with the narrative ending around 1917. A middle portion of the draft is in typescript form; the remainder is in Johnston's hand. Though the narrative touches on some of the larger issues facing the U. S. Navy during Johnston's years in service, the focus is largely on his personal experiences. As Johnston mentions in his introduction, \"Any one seeking a weighty article on the changes in the Navy, or a dissertation on the Sampson - Schley, Daniels Sims controversies may look elsewhere.\"","The collection also contains a photograph of the USS Indianapolis and a musical program from the HMS  Emperor of India."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_cd3dc36187ec389bab574f3683b7327f\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe papers of U. S. Navy Rear Admiral Marbury Johnston (1860-1934) include naval orders and personnel records, as well as a draft for a book of reminiscences, titled \"The Recollections of Another Naval Officer.\"\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The papers of U. S. Navy Rear Admiral Marbury Johnston (1860-1934) include naval orders and personnel records, as well as a draft for a book of reminiscences, titled \"The Recollections of Another Naval Officer.\""],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","United States. Navy"],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Navy"],"persname_ssim":["Johnston, Marbury, 1860-1934"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","United States. Navy","Johnston, Marbury, 1860-1934"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":6,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:29:20.309Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1357","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1357","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1357","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1357","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1357.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Johnston, Marbury, Papers","title_ssm":["Marbury Johnston Papers"],"title_tesim":["Marbury Johnston Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1878-1934"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1878-1934"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1878/1934"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Marbury Johnston Papers, 1878/1934"],"text":["Marbury Johnston Papers, 1878/1934","Ms.1981.100","World War, 1914-1918","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged by material type.","Born in Albany (Bibb County), Georgia on December 2, 1860, Marbury Johnston was the son of Thomas H. and Lamara Hill Johnston. After graduating from the U. S. Naval Academy in 1882, Johnston was assigned to the USS Yantic. In 1883, he was transferred to the USS Swatara. The following year, Johnston was promoted to ensign and transferred to the training ship USS Portsmouth. In 1887, Johnston was assigned to the Fish Commission Steamer USS Albatross, a research vessel. After three years on the Albatross, he was transferred to the Office of Naval Intelligence, where he served for a year, then served two years on the USS Concord. Promoted to lieutenant, junior grade in 1894, he spent the next few years under various assignments (the USS R. S. Franklin, the War College and Torpedo School, the San Francisco, the New Orleans, and the Cassius) before being placed in command of the Nero in 1899. He served a year aboard the Prairie as executive officer; then in quick succession, he served aboard the Vermont, the  Columbia, the Dolphin and the  Montgomery.","In 1902, Johnston was assigned as assistant to the U. S. minister at La Guyara, Venezuela. Six months later, he became naval attache at Caracas, Venezuela, a post in which he served for six months. Returning to Washington, D. C., Johnston was promoted to lieutenant commander and given command of the Second Torpedo Flotilla. From 1907 to 1908, he again served aboard the Albatross, this time as the ship's commander. His command was transferred to the USS  Galveston in 1908. The following year, Johnston was assigned to Navy Yard Puget Sound, and in 1910, he became captain of the Navy Yard at Portsmouth, New Hampshire. The following year, Johnston was promoted to captain and placed in command of the USS Georgia. In 1913, Johnston attended a long course at the Naval War College. In 1914, he reported for duty as commandant of the New Orleans Navy Yard and Station, a post in which he served until 1917, when he was given command of a patrol force, and soon thereafter was placed in command of the Atlantic Fleet's Squadron 2, Cruiser Force, and promoted to rear admiral. From 1918 to 1921, he served as commandant of the 15th Naval District, adjacent to the Panama Canal Zone. In the latter year, Johnston became director of naval communications and president of the Naval Examining and Retiring Board, the post at which he served until his retirement in 1924.","A lifelong bachelor, Johnston by 1930 was living with his sister and brother-in-law, Rebecca and Robert Toombs in Randolph County, Georgia. Marbury Johnston died on March 15, 1934, and was buried in Riverside Cemetery, Macon, Georgia.","The guide to the Marbury Johnston Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Marbury Johnston Papers commenced and was completed in October, 2014.","This collection contains the papers of Marbury Johnston, a career officer in the United States Navy during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Half of the collection consists of Johnston's official naval records, including orders and personnel records, chronicling Johnston's assignments and promotions, beginning with his 1878 appointment as a cadet midshipman at the U. S. Naval Academy and ending with his retirement in 1924. Accompanying these personnel records is a brief chronology of Johnston's life and career.","Comprising the other half of the collection is a book draft by Johnston, titled \"The Recollections of Another Naval Officer.\" The draft chronicles in detail Johnston's personal experiences during his 40-plus years in the U. S. Navy, commencing with his admission to the Naval Academy. The draft seems to be incomplete, with the narrative ending around 1917. A middle portion of the draft is in typescript form; the remainder is in Johnston's hand. Though the narrative touches on some of the larger issues facing the U. S. Navy during Johnston's years in service, the focus is largely on his personal experiences. As Johnston mentions in his introduction, \"Any one seeking a weighty article on the changes in the Navy, or a dissertation on the Sampson - Schley, Daniels Sims controversies may look elsewhere.\"","The collection also contains a photograph of the USS Indianapolis and a musical program from the HMS  Emperor of India.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The papers of U. S. Navy Rear Admiral Marbury Johnston (1860-1934) include naval orders and personnel records, as well as a draft for a book of reminiscences, titled \"The Recollections of Another Naval Officer.\"","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","United States. Navy","Johnston, Marbury, 1860-1934","The materials in the collection are in English."],"collection_title_tesim":["Marbury Johnston Papers, 1878/1934"],"collection_ssim":["Marbury Johnston Papers, 1878/1934"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1981.100"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1981.100"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Johnston, Marbury, 1860-1934"],"creator_ssim":["Johnston, Marbury, 1860-1934"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Johnston, Marbury, 1860-1934"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","United States. Navy"],"creators_ssim":["Johnston, Marbury, 1860-1934","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","United States. Navy"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Marbury Johnston Papers were acquired by Special Collections in 1981."],"access_subjects_ssim":["World War, 1914-1918"],"access_subjects_ssm":["World War, 1914-1918"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.2 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.2 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"date_range_isim":[1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged by material type.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged by material type."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBorn in Albany (Bibb County), Georgia on December 2, 1860, Marbury Johnston was the son of Thomas H. and Lamara Hill Johnston. After graduating from the U. S. Naval Academy in 1882, Johnston was assigned to the USS \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eYantic\u003c/title\u003e. In 1883, he was transferred to the USS \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eSwatara\u003c/title\u003e. The following year, Johnston was promoted to ensign and transferred to the training ship USS \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003ePortsmouth\u003c/title\u003e. In 1887, Johnston was assigned to the Fish Commission Steamer USS \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eAlbatross\u003c/title\u003e, a research vessel. After three years on the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eAlbatross\u003c/title\u003e, he was transferred to the Office of Naval Intelligence, where he served for a year, then served two years on the USS \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eConcord\u003c/title\u003e. Promoted to lieutenant, junior grade in 1894, he spent the next few years under various assignments (the USS \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eR. S. Franklin\u003c/title\u003e, the War College and Torpedo School, the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eSan Francisco\u003c/title\u003e, the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eNew Orleans\u003c/title\u003e, and the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eCassius\u003c/title\u003e) before being placed in command of the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eNero\u003c/title\u003e in 1899. He served a year aboard the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003ePrairie\u003c/title\u003e as executive officer; then in quick succession, he served aboard the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eVermont\u003c/title\u003e, the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003e Columbia\u003c/title\u003e, the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eDolphin\u003c/title\u003e and the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003e Montgomery\u003c/title\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1902, Johnston was assigned as assistant to the U. S. minister at La Guyara, Venezuela. Six months later, he became naval attache at Caracas, Venezuela, a post in which he served for six months. Returning to Washington, D. C., Johnston was promoted to lieutenant commander and given command of the Second Torpedo Flotilla. From 1907 to 1908, he again served aboard the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eAlbatross\u003c/title\u003e, this time as the ship's commander. His command was transferred to the USS \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003e Galveston\u003c/title\u003e in 1908. The following year, Johnston was assigned to Navy Yard Puget Sound, and in 1910, he became captain of the Navy Yard at Portsmouth, New Hampshire. The following year, Johnston was promoted to captain and placed in command of the USS \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eGeorgia\u003c/title\u003e. In 1913, Johnston attended a long course at the Naval War College. In 1914, he reported for duty as commandant of the New Orleans Navy Yard and Station, a post in which he served until 1917, when he was given command of a patrol force, and soon thereafter was placed in command of the Atlantic Fleet's Squadron 2, Cruiser Force, and promoted to rear admiral. From 1918 to 1921, he served as commandant of the 15th Naval District, adjacent to the Panama Canal Zone. In the latter year, Johnston became director of naval communications and president of the Naval Examining and Retiring Board, the post at which he served until his retirement in 1924.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA lifelong bachelor, Johnston by 1930 was living with his sister and brother-in-law, Rebecca and Robert Toombs in Randolph County, Georgia. Marbury Johnston died on March 15, 1934, and was buried in Riverside Cemetery, Macon, Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Born in Albany (Bibb County), Georgia on December 2, 1860, Marbury Johnston was the son of Thomas H. and Lamara Hill Johnston. After graduating from the U. S. Naval Academy in 1882, Johnston was assigned to the USS Yantic. In 1883, he was transferred to the USS Swatara. The following year, Johnston was promoted to ensign and transferred to the training ship USS Portsmouth. In 1887, Johnston was assigned to the Fish Commission Steamer USS Albatross, a research vessel. After three years on the Albatross, he was transferred to the Office of Naval Intelligence, where he served for a year, then served two years on the USS Concord. Promoted to lieutenant, junior grade in 1894, he spent the next few years under various assignments (the USS R. S. Franklin, the War College and Torpedo School, the San Francisco, the New Orleans, and the Cassius) before being placed in command of the Nero in 1899. He served a year aboard the Prairie as executive officer; then in quick succession, he served aboard the Vermont, the  Columbia, the Dolphin and the  Montgomery.","In 1902, Johnston was assigned as assistant to the U. S. minister at La Guyara, Venezuela. Six months later, he became naval attache at Caracas, Venezuela, a post in which he served for six months. Returning to Washington, D. C., Johnston was promoted to lieutenant commander and given command of the Second Torpedo Flotilla. From 1907 to 1908, he again served aboard the Albatross, this time as the ship's commander. His command was transferred to the USS  Galveston in 1908. The following year, Johnston was assigned to Navy Yard Puget Sound, and in 1910, he became captain of the Navy Yard at Portsmouth, New Hampshire. The following year, Johnston was promoted to captain and placed in command of the USS Georgia. In 1913, Johnston attended a long course at the Naval War College. In 1914, he reported for duty as commandant of the New Orleans Navy Yard and Station, a post in which he served until 1917, when he was given command of a patrol force, and soon thereafter was placed in command of the Atlantic Fleet's Squadron 2, Cruiser Force, and promoted to rear admiral. From 1918 to 1921, he served as commandant of the 15th Naval District, adjacent to the Panama Canal Zone. In the latter year, Johnston became director of naval communications and president of the Naval Examining and Retiring Board, the post at which he served until his retirement in 1924.","A lifelong bachelor, Johnston by 1930 was living with his sister and brother-in-law, Rebecca and Robert Toombs in Randolph County, Georgia. Marbury Johnston died on March 15, 1934, and was buried in Riverside Cemetery, Macon, Georgia."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Marbury Johnston Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Marbury Johnston Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Marbury Johnston Papers, Ms1981-100, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Marbury Johnston Papers, Ms1981-100, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Marbury Johnston Papers commenced and was completed in October, 2014.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Marbury Johnston Papers commenced and was completed in October, 2014."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the papers of Marbury Johnston, a career officer in the United States Navy during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Half of the collection consists of Johnston's official naval records, including orders and personnel records, chronicling Johnston's assignments and promotions, beginning with his 1878 appointment as a cadet midshipman at the U. S. Naval Academy and ending with his retirement in 1924. Accompanying these personnel records is a brief chronology of Johnston's life and career. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eComprising the other half of the collection is a book draft by Johnston, titled \"The Recollections of Another Naval Officer.\" The draft chronicles in detail Johnston's personal experiences during his 40-plus years in the U. S. Navy, commencing with his admission to the Naval Academy. The draft seems to be incomplete, with the narrative ending around 1917. A middle portion of the draft is in typescript form; the remainder is in Johnston's hand. Though the narrative touches on some of the larger issues facing the U. S. Navy during Johnston's years in service, the focus is largely on his personal experiences. As Johnston mentions in his introduction, \"Any one seeking a weighty article on the changes in the Navy, or a dissertation on the Sampson - Schley, Daniels Sims controversies may look elsewhere.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also contains a photograph of the USS \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eIndianapolis\u003c/title\u003e and a musical program from the HMS \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003e Emperor of India\u003c/title\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains the papers of Marbury Johnston, a career officer in the United States Navy during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Half of the collection consists of Johnston's official naval records, including orders and personnel records, chronicling Johnston's assignments and promotions, beginning with his 1878 appointment as a cadet midshipman at the U. S. Naval Academy and ending with his retirement in 1924. Accompanying these personnel records is a brief chronology of Johnston's life and career.","Comprising the other half of the collection is a book draft by Johnston, titled \"The Recollections of Another Naval Officer.\" The draft chronicles in detail Johnston's personal experiences during his 40-plus years in the U. S. Navy, commencing with his admission to the Naval Academy. The draft seems to be incomplete, with the narrative ending around 1917. A middle portion of the draft is in typescript form; the remainder is in Johnston's hand. Though the narrative touches on some of the larger issues facing the U. S. Navy during Johnston's years in service, the focus is largely on his personal experiences. As Johnston mentions in his introduction, \"Any one seeking a weighty article on the changes in the Navy, or a dissertation on the Sampson - Schley, Daniels Sims controversies may look elsewhere.\"","The collection also contains a photograph of the USS Indianapolis and a musical program from the HMS  Emperor of India."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_cd3dc36187ec389bab574f3683b7327f\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe papers of U. S. Navy Rear Admiral Marbury Johnston (1860-1934) include naval orders and personnel records, as well as a draft for a book of reminiscences, titled \"The Recollections of Another Naval Officer.\"\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The papers of U. S. Navy Rear Admiral Marbury Johnston (1860-1934) include naval orders and personnel records, as well as a draft for a book of reminiscences, titled \"The Recollections of Another Naval Officer.\""],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","United States. Navy"],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Navy"],"persname_ssim":["Johnston, Marbury, 1860-1934"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","United States. Navy","Johnston, Marbury, 1860-1934"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":6,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:29:20.309Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1357"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2351","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Maxwell Family Papers, 1845/2017, bulk 1845/1950","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2351#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Maxwell family","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2351#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Papers of Hu Maxwell (1860-1927), historian, editor, and author of several county histories of West Virginia, along with papers and records of other family members. There are manuscripts of fiction, verse, and local history written by Maxwell, as well as a number of his manuscripts and publications dealing with forestry which were prepared while he was a member of the Forest Service of the United States Department of Agriculture. Maxwell kept a diary during the years 1901-1919 while residing in Morgantown, Chicago, Illinois, and Washington, D.C., which is extensive for the period of World War I and which contains notes on the diary of Rufus Maxwell (1855-1907). See scope and content note for more detail.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2351#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2351","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2351","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2351","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2351","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_2351.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/212394","title_ssm":["Maxwell Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Maxwell Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["ca. 1845-1950, 2017","ca. 1845-1950"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["ca. 1845-1950, 2017"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["ca. 1845-1950"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1845/2017, bulk 1845/1950"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Maxwell Family Papers, 1845/2017, bulk 1845/1950"],"text":["Maxwell Family Papers, 1845/2017, bulk 1845/1950","A\u0026M 0010","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2351","California","Laurel Hill.","Monongalia County (W. Va.)","Morgantown (W. Va.)","Pruntytown (W. Va.)","Randolph County (W. Va.)","Saint George.","Tucker County (W. Va.)","Tyrone Forge.","West Virginia","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Academies (Private schools)","Account books","Agriculture","Civil War -- Confederate Army","Civil War battles - Philippi.","Diaries and journals.","Education","Literature -- Societies, etc","Lumber trade","Maps.","Mining. SEE ALSO Coal mining.","Politics and government.","Schools. SEE ALSO Academies","Universities and colleges","Statehood politics -- West Virginia","World War, 1914-1918","No special access restriction applies.","Researchers may access digitized materials by visiting the link attached to each item or by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department.","10, 311","Papers of Hu Maxwell (1860-1927), historian, editor, and author of several county histories of West Virginia, along with papers and records of other family members. There are manuscripts of fiction, verse, and local history written by Maxwell, as well as a number of his manuscripts and publications dealing with forestry which were prepared while he was a member of the Forest Service of the United States Department of Agriculture. Maxwell kept a diary during the years 1901-1919 while residing in Morgantown, Chicago, Illinois, and Washington, D.C., which is extensive for the period of World War I and which contains notes on the diary of Rufus Maxwell (1855-1907).","Other Rufus Maxwell items include an 1845 map of Weston and his correspondence. There are multiple typescript and handwritten versions of an unpublished autobiography of Abraham Bonnifield (1837-1885), of Randolph and Tucker counties, as well as a modern typescript of some pages; an account book of the Tyrone Forge, Monongalia County, 1807-1814; a few records of the Rector College Literary Society, Pruntytown, 1848-1849; St. George Academy records; and other materials on politics, the statehood movement, and the Civil War in West Virginia. Box 16 includes a letter authored by Confederate General George A. Porterfield dating from 1899 regarding the Battle of Philippi. Also included is a PDF file, created by Jeff Felton, which includes \"Bonnifield's Lost Pages,\" a transcribed text from pages 17-20 of Abe Bonnifield's original 139-page handwritten manuscript and the text of an email that accompanied the text.","There are artifacts in the collection.","There are eyeglasses with rimless lenses that are octagonal in appearance, with rounded edges at the top, and silver temples and bridge with mother of pearl nose guards. They were stored in a leather hinged case labeled \"E. M. Stanton, 108 N. State St., Chicago\" in gold letters.","There are also two brooches, including one featuring a blue, oval shaped stone with a marble appearance mounted on a metal frame; the pin on its back is a \"captured or tombstone\" clasp which became popular after 1900. The other is straight and thin (2 1/2 inches long) with a flower motif on a white (possibly ceramic) background; the clasp is a \"C\" shape popular before 1900.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Papers of Hu Maxwell (1860-1927), historian, editor, and author of several county histories of West Virginia, along with papers and records of other family members. There are manuscripts of fiction, verse, and local history written by Maxwell, as well as a number of his manuscripts and publications dealing with forestry which were prepared while he was a member of the Forest Service of the United States Department of Agriculture. Maxwell kept a diary during the years 1901-1919 while residing in Morgantown, Chicago, Illinois, and Washington, D.C., which is extensive for the period of World War I and which contains notes on the diary of Rufus Maxwell (1855-1907). See scope and content note for more detail.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Rector College","Saint George Academy","United States. Forest Service","Maxwell family","Bongiorni, Joseph P.","Maxwell, G. Ralph.","Maxwell, H.","Maxwell, Mrs. S.J.","Maxwell, Rufus.","Porterfield, George A.","White, Capt. James L.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Maxwell Family Papers, 1845/2017, bulk 1845/1950"],"collection_ssim":["Maxwell Family Papers, 1845/2017, bulk 1845/1950"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 0010","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2351"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 0010","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2351"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["California","Laurel Hill.","Monongalia County (W. Va.)","Morgantown (W. Va.)","Pruntytown (W. Va.)","Randolph County (W. Va.)","Saint George.","Tucker County (W. Va.)","Tyrone Forge.","West Virginia","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"geogname_ssim":["California","Laurel Hill.","Monongalia County (W. Va.)","Morgantown (W. Va.)","Pruntytown (W. Va.)","Randolph County (W. Va.)","Saint George.","Tucker County (W. Va.)","Tyrone Forge.","West Virginia","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"places_ssim":["California","Laurel Hill.","Monongalia County (W. Va.)","Morgantown (W. Va.)","Pruntytown (W. Va.)","Randolph County (W. Va.)","Saint George.","Tucker County (W. Va.)","Tyrone Forge.","West Virginia","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"creator_ssm":["Maxwell family"],"creator_ssim":["Maxwell family"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Bongiorni, Joseph P.","Maxwell, G. Ralph.","Maxwell, H.","Maxwell, Mrs. S.J.","Maxwell, Rufus.","Porterfield, George A.","White, Capt. James L."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Rector College","Saint George Academy","United States. Forest Service"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Maxwell family"],"creators_ssim":["Bongiorni, Joseph P.","Maxwell, G. Ralph.","Maxwell, H.","Maxwell, Mrs. S.J.","Maxwell, Rufus.","Porterfield, George A.","White, Capt. James L.","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Rector College","Saint George Academy","United States. Forest Service","Maxwell family"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Academies (Private schools)","Account books","Agriculture","Civil War -- Confederate Army","Civil War battles - Philippi.","Diaries and journals.","Education","Literature -- Societies, etc","Lumber trade","Maps.","Mining. SEE ALSO Coal mining.","Politics and government.","Schools. SEE ALSO Academies","Universities and colleges","Statehood politics -- West Virginia","World War, 1914-1918"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Academies (Private schools)","Account books","Agriculture","Civil War -- Confederate Army","Civil War battles - Philippi.","Diaries and journals.","Education","Literature -- Societies, etc","Lumber trade","Maps.","Mining. SEE ALSO Coal mining.","Politics and government.","Schools. SEE ALSO Academies","Universities and colleges","Statehood politics -- West Virginia","World War, 1914-1918"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["10.1 Linear Feet Summary: 10 ft. 1/2 in. (20 document cases, 5 in. each); (2 document cases, 2 1/2 in. each); (1 large flat storage box, 3 in.); (2 wrapped scrapbooks, 1 in. each); (1 wrapped diary, 2 1/2 in.); (wrapped galley proofs, 1 in. ); (wrapped diplomas, 2 items); (3 wrapped ledgers, 1 in. each); (1 card file box, 4 in.)","0.01 Gigabytes 1 .pdf file"],"extent_tesim":["10.1 Linear Feet Summary: 10 ft. 1/2 in. 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There are manuscripts of fiction, verse, and local history written by Maxwell, as well as a number of his manuscripts and publications dealing with forestry which were prepared while he was a member of the Forest Service of the United States Department of Agriculture. Maxwell kept a diary during the years 1901-1919 while residing in Morgantown, Chicago, Illinois, and Washington, D.C., which is extensive for the period of World War I and which contains notes on the diary of Rufus Maxwell (1855-1907).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOther Rufus Maxwell items include an 1845 map of Weston and his correspondence. There are multiple typescript and handwritten versions of an unpublished autobiography of Abraham Bonnifield (1837-1885), of Randolph and Tucker counties, as well as a modern typescript of some pages; an account book of the Tyrone Forge, Monongalia County, 1807-1814; a few records of the Rector College Literary Society, Pruntytown, 1848-1849; St. George Academy records; and other materials on politics, the statehood movement, and the Civil War in West Virginia. Box 16 includes a letter authored by Confederate General George A. Porterfield dating from 1899 regarding the Battle of Philippi. Also included is a PDF file, created by Jeff Felton, which includes \"Bonnifield's Lost Pages,\" a transcribed text from pages 17-20 of Abe Bonnifield's original 139-page handwritten manuscript and the text of an email that accompanied the text. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are artifacts in the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are eyeglasses with rimless lenses that are octagonal in appearance, with rounded edges at the top, and silver temples and bridge with mother of pearl nose guards. They were stored in a leather hinged case labeled \"E. M. Stanton, 108 N. State St., Chicago\" in gold letters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are also two brooches, including one featuring a blue, oval shaped stone with a marble appearance mounted on a metal frame; the pin on its back is a \"captured or tombstone\" clasp which became popular after 1900. The other is straight and thin (2 1/2 inches long) with a flower motif on a white (possibly ceramic) background; the clasp is a \"C\" shape popular before 1900.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers of Hu Maxwell (1860-1927), historian, editor, and author of several county histories of West Virginia, along with papers and records of other family members. There are manuscripts of fiction, verse, and local history written by Maxwell, as well as a number of his manuscripts and publications dealing with forestry which were prepared while he was a member of the Forest Service of the United States Department of Agriculture. Maxwell kept a diary during the years 1901-1919 while residing in Morgantown, Chicago, Illinois, and Washington, D.C., which is extensive for the period of World War I and which contains notes on the diary of Rufus Maxwell (1855-1907).","Other Rufus Maxwell items include an 1845 map of Weston and his correspondence. There are multiple typescript and handwritten versions of an unpublished autobiography of Abraham Bonnifield (1837-1885), of Randolph and Tucker counties, as well as a modern typescript of some pages; an account book of the Tyrone Forge, Monongalia County, 1807-1814; a few records of the Rector College Literary Society, Pruntytown, 1848-1849; St. George Academy records; and other materials on politics, the statehood movement, and the Civil War in West Virginia. Box 16 includes a letter authored by Confederate General George A. Porterfield dating from 1899 regarding the Battle of Philippi. Also included is a PDF file, created by Jeff Felton, which includes \"Bonnifield's Lost Pages,\" a transcribed text from pages 17-20 of Abe Bonnifield's original 139-page handwritten manuscript and the text of an email that accompanied the text.","There are artifacts in the collection.","There are eyeglasses with rimless lenses that are octagonal in appearance, with rounded edges at the top, and silver temples and bridge with mother of pearl nose guards. They were stored in a leather hinged case labeled \"E. M. Stanton, 108 N. State St., Chicago\" in gold letters.","There are also two brooches, including one featuring a blue, oval shaped stone with a marble appearance mounted on a metal frame; the pin on its back is a \"captured or tombstone\" clasp which became popular after 1900. The other is straight and thin (2 1/2 inches long) with a flower motif on a white (possibly ceramic) background; the clasp is a \"C\" shape popular before 1900."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_2df5c59867126f9c964d97ab49d286be\"\u003ePapers of Hu Maxwell (1860-1927), historian, editor, and author of several county histories of West Virginia, along with papers and records of other family members. There are manuscripts of fiction, verse, and local history written by Maxwell, as well as a number of his manuscripts and publications dealing with forestry which were prepared while he was a member of the Forest Service of the United States Department of Agriculture. Maxwell kept a diary during the years 1901-1919 while residing in Morgantown, Chicago, Illinois, and Washington, D.C., which is extensive for the period of World War I and which contains notes on the diary of Rufus Maxwell (1855-1907). See scope and content note for more detail.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Papers of Hu Maxwell (1860-1927), historian, editor, and author of several county histories of West Virginia, along with papers and records of other family members. There are manuscripts of fiction, verse, and local history written by Maxwell, as well as a number of his manuscripts and publications dealing with forestry which were prepared while he was a member of the Forest Service of the United States Department of Agriculture. Maxwell kept a diary during the years 1901-1919 while residing in Morgantown, Chicago, Illinois, and Washington, D.C., which is extensive for the period of World War I and which contains notes on the diary of Rufus Maxwell (1855-1907). See scope and content note for more detail."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_356701d71cdb98a678056fc0f6161cad\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Rector College","Saint George Academy","United States. Forest Service"],"names_coll_ssim":["Rector College","Saint George Academy","United States. Forest Service","Maxwell family","Bongiorni, Joseph P.","Maxwell, G. Ralph.","Maxwell, H.","Maxwell, Mrs. S.J.","Maxwell, Rufus.","Porterfield, George A.","White, Capt. James L."],"famname_ssim":["Maxwell family"],"persname_ssim":["Bongiorni, Joseph P.","Maxwell, G. Ralph.","Maxwell, H.","Maxwell, Mrs. S.J.","Maxwell, Rufus.","Porterfield, George A.","White, Capt. James L."],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Rector College","Saint George Academy","United States. Forest Service","Maxwell family","Bongiorni, Joseph P.","Maxwell, G. Ralph.","Maxwell, H.","Maxwell, Mrs. S.J.","Maxwell, Rufus.","Porterfield, George A.","White, Capt. James L."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T23:08:12.086Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2351","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2351","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2351","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2351","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_2351.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/212394","title_ssm":["Maxwell Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Maxwell Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["ca. 1845-1950, 2017","ca. 1845-1950"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["ca. 1845-1950, 2017"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["ca. 1845-1950"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1845/2017, bulk 1845/1950"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Maxwell Family Papers, 1845/2017, bulk 1845/1950"],"text":["Maxwell Family Papers, 1845/2017, bulk 1845/1950","A\u0026M 0010","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2351","California","Laurel Hill.","Monongalia County (W. Va.)","Morgantown (W. Va.)","Pruntytown (W. Va.)","Randolph County (W. Va.)","Saint George.","Tucker County (W. Va.)","Tyrone Forge.","West Virginia","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Academies (Private schools)","Account books","Agriculture","Civil War -- Confederate Army","Civil War battles - Philippi.","Diaries and journals.","Education","Literature -- Societies, etc","Lumber trade","Maps.","Mining. SEE ALSO Coal mining.","Politics and government.","Schools. SEE ALSO Academies","Universities and colleges","Statehood politics -- West Virginia","World War, 1914-1918","No special access restriction applies.","Researchers may access digitized materials by visiting the link attached to each item or by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department.","10, 311","Papers of Hu Maxwell (1860-1927), historian, editor, and author of several county histories of West Virginia, along with papers and records of other family members. There are manuscripts of fiction, verse, and local history written by Maxwell, as well as a number of his manuscripts and publications dealing with forestry which were prepared while he was a member of the Forest Service of the United States Department of Agriculture. Maxwell kept a diary during the years 1901-1919 while residing in Morgantown, Chicago, Illinois, and Washington, D.C., which is extensive for the period of World War I and which contains notes on the diary of Rufus Maxwell (1855-1907).","Other Rufus Maxwell items include an 1845 map of Weston and his correspondence. There are multiple typescript and handwritten versions of an unpublished autobiography of Abraham Bonnifield (1837-1885), of Randolph and Tucker counties, as well as a modern typescript of some pages; an account book of the Tyrone Forge, Monongalia County, 1807-1814; a few records of the Rector College Literary Society, Pruntytown, 1848-1849; St. George Academy records; and other materials on politics, the statehood movement, and the Civil War in West Virginia. Box 16 includes a letter authored by Confederate General George A. Porterfield dating from 1899 regarding the Battle of Philippi. Also included is a PDF file, created by Jeff Felton, which includes \"Bonnifield's Lost Pages,\" a transcribed text from pages 17-20 of Abe Bonnifield's original 139-page handwritten manuscript and the text of an email that accompanied the text.","There are artifacts in the collection.","There are eyeglasses with rimless lenses that are octagonal in appearance, with rounded edges at the top, and silver temples and bridge with mother of pearl nose guards. They were stored in a leather hinged case labeled \"E. M. Stanton, 108 N. State St., Chicago\" in gold letters.","There are also two brooches, including one featuring a blue, oval shaped stone with a marble appearance mounted on a metal frame; the pin on its back is a \"captured or tombstone\" clasp which became popular after 1900. The other is straight and thin (2 1/2 inches long) with a flower motif on a white (possibly ceramic) background; the clasp is a \"C\" shape popular before 1900.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Papers of Hu Maxwell (1860-1927), historian, editor, and author of several county histories of West Virginia, along with papers and records of other family members. There are manuscripts of fiction, verse, and local history written by Maxwell, as well as a number of his manuscripts and publications dealing with forestry which were prepared while he was a member of the Forest Service of the United States Department of Agriculture. Maxwell kept a diary during the years 1901-1919 while residing in Morgantown, Chicago, Illinois, and Washington, D.C., which is extensive for the period of World War I and which contains notes on the diary of Rufus Maxwell (1855-1907). See scope and content note for more detail.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Rector College","Saint George Academy","United States. Forest Service","Maxwell family","Bongiorni, Joseph P.","Maxwell, G. Ralph.","Maxwell, H.","Maxwell, Mrs. S.J.","Maxwell, Rufus.","Porterfield, George A.","White, Capt. James L.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Maxwell Family Papers, 1845/2017, bulk 1845/1950"],"collection_ssim":["Maxwell Family Papers, 1845/2017, bulk 1845/1950"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 0010","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2351"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 0010","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2351"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["California","Laurel Hill.","Monongalia County (W. Va.)","Morgantown (W. Va.)","Pruntytown (W. Va.)","Randolph County (W. Va.)","Saint George.","Tucker County (W. Va.)","Tyrone Forge.","West Virginia","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"geogname_ssim":["California","Laurel Hill.","Monongalia County (W. Va.)","Morgantown (W. Va.)","Pruntytown (W. Va.)","Randolph County (W. Va.)","Saint George.","Tucker County (W. Va.)","Tyrone Forge.","West Virginia","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"places_ssim":["California","Laurel Hill.","Monongalia County (W. Va.)","Morgantown (W. Va.)","Pruntytown (W. Va.)","Randolph County (W. Va.)","Saint George.","Tucker County (W. Va.)","Tyrone Forge.","West Virginia","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"creator_ssm":["Maxwell family"],"creator_ssim":["Maxwell family"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Bongiorni, Joseph P.","Maxwell, G. Ralph.","Maxwell, H.","Maxwell, Mrs. S.J.","Maxwell, Rufus.","Porterfield, George A.","White, Capt. James L."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Rector College","Saint George Academy","United States. Forest Service"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Maxwell family"],"creators_ssim":["Bongiorni, Joseph P.","Maxwell, G. Ralph.","Maxwell, H.","Maxwell, Mrs. S.J.","Maxwell, Rufus.","Porterfield, George A.","White, Capt. James L.","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Rector College","Saint George Academy","United States. Forest Service","Maxwell family"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Academies (Private schools)","Account books","Agriculture","Civil War -- Confederate Army","Civil War battles - Philippi.","Diaries and journals.","Education","Literature -- Societies, etc","Lumber trade","Maps.","Mining. SEE ALSO Coal mining.","Politics and government.","Schools. SEE ALSO Academies","Universities and colleges","Statehood politics -- West Virginia","World War, 1914-1918"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Academies (Private schools)","Account books","Agriculture","Civil War -- Confederate Army","Civil War battles - Philippi.","Diaries and journals.","Education","Literature -- Societies, etc","Lumber trade","Maps.","Mining. SEE ALSO Coal mining.","Politics and government.","Schools. SEE ALSO Academies","Universities and colleges","Statehood politics -- West Virginia","World War, 1914-1918"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["10.1 Linear Feet Summary: 10 ft. 1/2 in. (20 document cases, 5 in. each); (2 document cases, 2 1/2 in. each); (1 large flat storage box, 3 in.); (2 wrapped scrapbooks, 1 in. each); (1 wrapped diary, 2 1/2 in.); (wrapped galley proofs, 1 in. ); (wrapped diplomas, 2 items); (3 wrapped ledgers, 1 in. each); (1 card file box, 4 in.)","0.01 Gigabytes 1 .pdf file"],"extent_tesim":["10.1 Linear Feet Summary: 10 ft. 1/2 in. (20 document cases, 5 in. each); (2 document cases, 2 1/2 in. each); (1 large flat storage box, 3 in.); (2 wrapped scrapbooks, 1 in. each); (1 wrapped diary, 2 1/2 in.); (wrapped galley proofs, 1 in. ); (wrapped diplomas, 2 items); (3 wrapped ledgers, 1 in. each); (1 card file box, 4 in.)","0.01 Gigabytes 1 .pdf file"],"date_range_isim":[1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may access digitized materials by visiting the link attached to each item or by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the \u003ca href=\"https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center reference department\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies.","Researchers may access digitized materials by visiting the link attached to each item or by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Maxwell Family Papers, A\u0026amp;M 0010, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Maxwell Family Papers, A\u0026M 0010, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e10, 311\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related A\u0026M Collections"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["10, 311"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers of Hu Maxwell (1860-1927), historian, editor, and author of several county histories of West Virginia, along with papers and records of other family members. There are manuscripts of fiction, verse, and local history written by Maxwell, as well as a number of his manuscripts and publications dealing with forestry which were prepared while he was a member of the Forest Service of the United States Department of Agriculture. Maxwell kept a diary during the years 1901-1919 while residing in Morgantown, Chicago, Illinois, and Washington, D.C., which is extensive for the period of World War I and which contains notes on the diary of Rufus Maxwell (1855-1907).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOther Rufus Maxwell items include an 1845 map of Weston and his correspondence. There are multiple typescript and handwritten versions of an unpublished autobiography of Abraham Bonnifield (1837-1885), of Randolph and Tucker counties, as well as a modern typescript of some pages; an account book of the Tyrone Forge, Monongalia County, 1807-1814; a few records of the Rector College Literary Society, Pruntytown, 1848-1849; St. George Academy records; and other materials on politics, the statehood movement, and the Civil War in West Virginia. Box 16 includes a letter authored by Confederate General George A. Porterfield dating from 1899 regarding the Battle of Philippi. Also included is a PDF file, created by Jeff Felton, which includes \"Bonnifield's Lost Pages,\" a transcribed text from pages 17-20 of Abe Bonnifield's original 139-page handwritten manuscript and the text of an email that accompanied the text. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are artifacts in the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are eyeglasses with rimless lenses that are octagonal in appearance, with rounded edges at the top, and silver temples and bridge with mother of pearl nose guards. They were stored in a leather hinged case labeled \"E. M. Stanton, 108 N. State St., Chicago\" in gold letters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are also two brooches, including one featuring a blue, oval shaped stone with a marble appearance mounted on a metal frame; the pin on its back is a \"captured or tombstone\" clasp which became popular after 1900. The other is straight and thin (2 1/2 inches long) with a flower motif on a white (possibly ceramic) background; the clasp is a \"C\" shape popular before 1900.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers of Hu Maxwell (1860-1927), historian, editor, and author of several county histories of West Virginia, along with papers and records of other family members. There are manuscripts of fiction, verse, and local history written by Maxwell, as well as a number of his manuscripts and publications dealing with forestry which were prepared while he was a member of the Forest Service of the United States Department of Agriculture. Maxwell kept a diary during the years 1901-1919 while residing in Morgantown, Chicago, Illinois, and Washington, D.C., which is extensive for the period of World War I and which contains notes on the diary of Rufus Maxwell (1855-1907).","Other Rufus Maxwell items include an 1845 map of Weston and his correspondence. There are multiple typescript and handwritten versions of an unpublished autobiography of Abraham Bonnifield (1837-1885), of Randolph and Tucker counties, as well as a modern typescript of some pages; an account book of the Tyrone Forge, Monongalia County, 1807-1814; a few records of the Rector College Literary Society, Pruntytown, 1848-1849; St. George Academy records; and other materials on politics, the statehood movement, and the Civil War in West Virginia. Box 16 includes a letter authored by Confederate General George A. Porterfield dating from 1899 regarding the Battle of Philippi. Also included is a PDF file, created by Jeff Felton, which includes \"Bonnifield's Lost Pages,\" a transcribed text from pages 17-20 of Abe Bonnifield's original 139-page handwritten manuscript and the text of an email that accompanied the text.","There are artifacts in the collection.","There are eyeglasses with rimless lenses that are octagonal in appearance, with rounded edges at the top, and silver temples and bridge with mother of pearl nose guards. They were stored in a leather hinged case labeled \"E. M. Stanton, 108 N. State St., Chicago\" in gold letters.","There are also two brooches, including one featuring a blue, oval shaped stone with a marble appearance mounted on a metal frame; the pin on its back is a \"captured or tombstone\" clasp which became popular after 1900. The other is straight and thin (2 1/2 inches long) with a flower motif on a white (possibly ceramic) background; the clasp is a \"C\" shape popular before 1900."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_2df5c59867126f9c964d97ab49d286be\"\u003ePapers of Hu Maxwell (1860-1927), historian, editor, and author of several county histories of West Virginia, along with papers and records of other family members. There are manuscripts of fiction, verse, and local history written by Maxwell, as well as a number of his manuscripts and publications dealing with forestry which were prepared while he was a member of the Forest Service of the United States Department of Agriculture. Maxwell kept a diary during the years 1901-1919 while residing in Morgantown, Chicago, Illinois, and Washington, D.C., which is extensive for the period of World War I and which contains notes on the diary of Rufus Maxwell (1855-1907). See scope and content note for more detail.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Papers of Hu Maxwell (1860-1927), historian, editor, and author of several county histories of West Virginia, along with papers and records of other family members. There are manuscripts of fiction, verse, and local history written by Maxwell, as well as a number of his manuscripts and publications dealing with forestry which were prepared while he was a member of the Forest Service of the United States Department of Agriculture. Maxwell kept a diary during the years 1901-1919 while residing in Morgantown, Chicago, Illinois, and Washington, D.C., which is extensive for the period of World War I and which contains notes on the diary of Rufus Maxwell (1855-1907). See scope and content note for more detail."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_356701d71cdb98a678056fc0f6161cad\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Rector College","Saint George Academy","United States. Forest Service"],"names_coll_ssim":["Rector College","Saint George Academy","United States. Forest Service","Maxwell family","Bongiorni, Joseph P.","Maxwell, G. Ralph.","Maxwell, H.","Maxwell, Mrs. S.J.","Maxwell, Rufus.","Porterfield, George A.","White, Capt. James L."],"famname_ssim":["Maxwell family"],"persname_ssim":["Bongiorni, Joseph P.","Maxwell, G. Ralph.","Maxwell, H.","Maxwell, Mrs. S.J.","Maxwell, Rufus.","Porterfield, George A.","White, Capt. James L."],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Rector College","Saint George Academy","United States. Forest Service","Maxwell family","Bongiorni, Joseph P.","Maxwell, G. Ralph.","Maxwell, H.","Maxwell, Mrs. S.J.","Maxwell, Rufus.","Porterfield, George A.","White, Capt. James L."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T23:08:12.086Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2351"}},{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_602_c09","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Memoirs and related documents, 1913/1959","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_602_c09#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eOne three ring binder containing a copy of the typescript of \"My Memoirs,\" the unpublished autobiography of General Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr., along with copies of related documents. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_602_c09#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_602_c09","ref_ssm":["vilxv_repositories_3_resources_602_c09"],"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_602_c09","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_602","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_602","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_602","parent_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_602","parent_ssim":["Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr. papers, 1913/1990"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vilxv_repositories_3_resources_602"],"title_filing_ssi":"Memoirs and related documents","title_ssm":["Memoirs and related documents"],"title_tesim":["Memoirs and related documents"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Memoirs and related documents, 1913/1959"],"text":["Memoirs and related documents, 1913/1959","Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr. papers, 1913/1990","World War, 1914-1918","World War, 1914-1918—Personal narratives, American","United States. Marine Corps—Marine Regiment, 5th—Battalion, 2nd","Belleau Wood, Battle of, France, 1918","United States. Army—American Expeditionary Forces","Château-Thierry, Battle of, Château-Thierry, France, 1918","Memoirs","Diaries","English","One three ring binder containing a copy of the typescript of \"My Memoirs,\" the unpublished autobiography of General Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr., along with copies of related documents.","\"Volume I\" (written circa 1964) of the autobiography provides a detailed narrative beginning with Shepherd's early life, VMI cadetship, entrance into the United States Marine Corps and early training, a thorough account of his combat service in France during World War I, and activities in the immediate post-War period through 1920. The emphasis is on a detailed account of his World War I service. This narrative is accompanied by related documents, including the typescript of a diary kept during the early part of World War I (August 1917-March 1918), letters written home during the War, and other documents.","\"Volume II\" relates to the post-World War I era (1921 and foward). It contains fewer pages of narrative; most of this section consists of documents, records of citations, articles, clippings, and correspondence."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr. papers, 1913/1990"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr. papers, 1913/1990"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1913/1959"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1913-1959"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":24,"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr. papers, 1913/1990"],"extent_ssm":["1 items Approximately 400 pages in 1 binder"],"extent_tesim":["1 items Approximately 400 pages in 1 binder"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["World War, 1914-1918","World War, 1914-1918—Personal narratives, American","United States. Marine Corps—Marine Regiment, 5th—Battalion, 2nd","Belleau Wood, Battle of, France, 1918","United States. Army—American Expeditionary Forces","Château-Thierry, Battle of, Château-Thierry, France, 1918","Memoirs","Diaries"],"access_subjects_ssm":["World War, 1914-1918","World War, 1914-1918—Personal narratives, American","United States. Marine Corps—Marine Regiment, 5th—Battalion, 2nd","Belleau Wood, Battle of, France, 1918","United States. Army—American Expeditionary Forces","Château-Thierry, Battle of, Château-Thierry, France, 1918","Memoirs","Diaries"],"language_ssim":["English"],"date_range_isim":[1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOne three ring binder containing a copy of the typescript of \"My Memoirs,\" the unpublished autobiography of General Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr., along with copies of related documents. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Volume I\" (written circa 1964) of the autobiography provides a detailed narrative beginning with Shepherd's early life, VMI cadetship, entrance into the United States Marine Corps and early training, a thorough account of his combat service in France during World War I, and activities in the immediate post-War period through 1920. The emphasis is on a detailed account of his World War I service. This narrative is accompanied by related documents, including the typescript of a diary kept during the early part of World War I (August 1917-March 1918), letters written home during the War, and other documents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Volume II\" relates to the post-World War I era (1921 and foward). It contains fewer pages of narrative; most of this section consists of documents, records of citations, articles, clippings, and correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["One three ring binder containing a copy of the typescript of \"My Memoirs,\" the unpublished autobiography of General Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr., along with copies of related documents.","\"Volume I\" (written circa 1964) of the autobiography provides a detailed narrative beginning with Shepherd's early life, VMI cadetship, entrance into the United States Marine Corps and early training, a thorough account of his combat service in France during World War I, and activities in the immediate post-War period through 1920. The emphasis is on a detailed account of his World War I service. This narrative is accompanied by related documents, including the typescript of a diary kept during the early part of World War I (August 1917-March 1918), letters written home during the War, and other documents.","\"Volume II\" relates to the post-World War I era (1921 and foward). It contains fewer pages of narrative; most of this section consists of documents, records of citations, articles, clippings, and correspondence."],"_nest_path_":"/components#8","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:37:30.860Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_602","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_602","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_602","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_602","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_602.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vmi/vilxv00017.xml","title_ssm":["Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr. papers"],"title_tesim":["Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr. papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1913-1990"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1913-1990"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1913/1990"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr. papers, 1913/1990"],"text":["Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr. papers, 1913/1990","MS.0006","/repositories/3/resources/602","United States. Marine Corps—Officers—Biography","Generals—United States—Biography","World War, 1939-1945","Inter-American Defense Board","World War, 1914-1918","United States. Marine Corps—History—World War, 1939-1945","Scrapbooks","Photographs","There are no restrictions.","Lemuel C. Shepherd Jr.'s World War I memoirs, diary, and letters are available  online.","Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr. (1896-1990) was a United States Marine Corps four-star general, and saw distinguished service in World War I, World War II, and the Korean War. He was appointed the 20th Commandant of the Marine Corps in 1952.","1896 February 10\n        \n          Born in Norfolk, Virginia\n        \n      \n      \n        1917 May\n        \n          Graduated from the VMI. Shepherd, along with many other classmates, were declared graduates a month early, having been called into active duty.\n        \n      \n      \n        1917-1919\n        \n          Served with the 2nd Battalion, 5th Marines, American Expeditionary Forces, France\n        \n      \n      \n        1920-1922\n        \n          Aide to the Commandant of the Marines Corps\n          Junior White House aide\n        \n      \n      \n        1922\n        \n          Married Virginia Tunstall Driver and the couple had four children.\n        \n      \n      \n        1922-1925\n        \n          Served on United States ships Idaho and Nevada\n        \n      \n      \n        1927-1929\n        \n          Served with the 4th Marines in China\n        \n      \n      \n        1937-1939\n        \n          Commander, 2nd Battalion, 5th Marines, 1st Marine Brigade, Fleet Marine Force\n        \n      \n      \n        1939-1942\n        \n          Staff member, Marine Corps School\n        \n      \n      \n        1942-1943\n        \n          Regimental Commander, 9th Marines, 3rd Marine Division\n        \n      \n      \n        1943-1944\n        \n          Assistant Division Commander, 1st Marine Division\n        \n      \n      \n        1944-1945\n        \n          Commanding General, 6th Marine Division\n        \n      \n      \n        1946-1948\n        \n          Assistant Commandant and Chief of Staff, Marine Corps\n        \n      \n      \n        1948-1950\n        \n          Commandant, Marine Corps Schools\n        \n      \n      \n        1950-1951\n        \n          Commanding General, Fleet Marine Force, Pacific\n        \n      \n      \n        1952-1956\n        \n          Commandant, Marine Corps\n        \n      \n      \n        1956 January 1\n        \n          Retired from Marine Corps\n        \n      \n      \n        1956 March\n        \n          Recalled to active duty\n          Chairman, Inter-American Defense Board, 1956-1959\n        \n      \n      \n        1959 October\n        \n          Retired from active duty for second time\n        \n      \n      \n        1990 August 6\n        \n          Died at his home in La Jolla, California, and is buried at Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia.","The memoirs and addenda were copied from originals that are no longer extant, according to family sources. The Shepherd family believes that the originals once held by Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr. were lost following his death.","Other repositories holding papers relating to Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr. include the United States Marine Corps History Division (Quantico, Virginia).","The Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr. papers consist primarily of the following:\n\nUnpublished memoirs and accompanying documents\nPhotograph albums and scrapbooks dating from Shepherd's years as a VMI cadet, as Commandant of the United States Marine Corps, and from his service as President of the Inter-American Defense Board\nAn interview with Shepherd conducted by the archivist of the MacArthur Library regarding Shepherd's role during the Korean War, assault at Inchon\nCorrespondence\nClippings\nCertificates and resolutions\nPrinted material\n     \n         \nThe unpublished memoirs include detailed information about Shepherd's early Marine Corps career and his participation in World War I. They include copies of his World War I diary and personal correspondence.","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Shepherd, Lemuel C., Jr. (Lemuel Cornick), 1896-1990","MacArthur, Douglas, 1880-1964","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr. papers, 1913/1990"],"collection_ssim":["Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr. papers, 1913/1990"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0006","/repositories/3/resources/602"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0006","/repositories/3/resources/602"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Shepherd, Lemuel C., Jr. (Lemuel Cornick), 1896-1990"],"creator_ssim":["Shepherd, Lemuel C., Jr. (Lemuel Cornick), 1896-1990"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Shepherd, Lemuel C., Jr. (Lemuel Cornick), 1896-1990","MacArthur, Douglas, 1880-1964"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creators_ssim":["Shepherd, Lemuel C., Jr. (Lemuel Cornick), 1896-1990","MacArthur, Douglas, 1880-1964","Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["United States. Marine Corps—Officers—Biography","Generals—United States—Biography","World War, 1939-1945","Inter-American Defense Board","World War, 1914-1918","United States. Marine Corps—History—World War, 1939-1945","Scrapbooks","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["United States. Marine Corps—Officers—Biography","Generals—United States—Biography","World War, 1939-1945","Inter-American Defense Board","World War, 1914-1918","United States. Marine Corps—History—World War, 1939-1945","Scrapbooks","Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["6 cubic feet"],"extent_tesim":["6 cubic feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Scrapbooks","Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLemuel C. Shepherd Jr.'s World War I memoirs, diary, and letters are available \u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/search/collection/p15821coll11/field/descri/searchterm/MS%200006/mode/exact\"\u003e online\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Online Access"],"altformavail_tesim":["Lemuel C. Shepherd Jr.'s World War I memoirs, diary, and letters are available  online."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLemuel C. Shepherd, Jr. (1896-1990) was a United States Marine Corps four-star general, and saw distinguished service in World War I, World War II, and the Korean War. He was appointed the 20th Commandant of the Marine Corps in 1952.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003cchronlist\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1896 February 10\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eBorn in Norfolk, Virginia\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1917 May\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eGraduated from the VMI. Shepherd, along with many other classmates, were declared graduates a month early, having been called into active duty.\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1917-1919\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eServed with the 2nd Battalion, 5th Marines, American Expeditionary Forces, France\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1920-1922\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eAide to the Commandant of the Marines Corps\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eJunior White House aide\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1922\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eMarried Virginia Tunstall Driver and the couple had four children.\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1922-1925\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eServed on United States ships Idaho and Nevada\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1927-1929\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eServed with the 4th Marines in China\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1937-1939\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eCommander, 2nd Battalion, 5th Marines, 1st Marine Brigade, Fleet Marine Force\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1939-1942\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eStaff member, Marine Corps School\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1942-1943\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eRegimental Commander, 9th Marines, 3rd Marine Division\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1943-1944\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eAssistant Division Commander, 1st Marine Division\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1944-1945\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eCommanding General, 6th Marine Division\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1946-1948\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eAssistant Commandant and Chief of Staff, Marine Corps\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1948-1950\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eCommandant, Marine Corps Schools\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1950-1951\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eCommanding General, Fleet Marine Force, Pacific\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1952-1956\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eCommandant, Marine Corps\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1956 January 1\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eRetired from Marine Corps\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1956 March\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eRecalled to active duty\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eChairman, Inter-American Defense Board, 1956-1959\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1959 October\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eRetired from active duty for second time\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003cchronitem\u003e\n        \u003cdate\u003e1990 August 6\u003c/date\u003e\n        \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n          \u003cevent\u003eDied at his home in La Jolla, California, and is buried at Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia.\u003c/event\u003e\n        \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n      \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n    \u003c/chronlist\u003e\n  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr. (1896-1990) was a United States Marine Corps four-star general, and saw distinguished service in World War I, World War II, and the Korean War. He was appointed the 20th Commandant of the Marine Corps in 1952.","1896 February 10\n        \n          Born in Norfolk, Virginia\n        \n      \n      \n        1917 May\n        \n          Graduated from the VMI. Shepherd, along with many other classmates, were declared graduates a month early, having been called into active duty.\n        \n      \n      \n        1917-1919\n        \n          Served with the 2nd Battalion, 5th Marines, American Expeditionary Forces, France\n        \n      \n      \n        1920-1922\n        \n          Aide to the Commandant of the Marines Corps\n          Junior White House aide\n        \n      \n      \n        1922\n        \n          Married Virginia Tunstall Driver and the couple had four children.\n        \n      \n      \n        1922-1925\n        \n          Served on United States ships Idaho and Nevada\n        \n      \n      \n        1927-1929\n        \n          Served with the 4th Marines in China\n        \n      \n      \n        1937-1939\n        \n          Commander, 2nd Battalion, 5th Marines, 1st Marine Brigade, Fleet Marine Force\n        \n      \n      \n        1939-1942\n        \n          Staff member, Marine Corps School\n        \n      \n      \n        1942-1943\n        \n          Regimental Commander, 9th Marines, 3rd Marine Division\n        \n      \n      \n        1943-1944\n        \n          Assistant Division Commander, 1st Marine Division\n        \n      \n      \n        1944-1945\n        \n          Commanding General, 6th Marine Division\n        \n      \n      \n        1946-1948\n        \n          Assistant Commandant and Chief of Staff, Marine Corps\n        \n      \n      \n        1948-1950\n        \n          Commandant, Marine Corps Schools\n        \n      \n      \n        1950-1951\n        \n          Commanding General, Fleet Marine Force, Pacific\n        \n      \n      \n        1952-1956\n        \n          Commandant, Marine Corps\n        \n      \n      \n        1956 January 1\n        \n          Retired from Marine Corps\n        \n      \n      \n        1956 March\n        \n          Recalled to active duty\n          Chairman, Inter-American Defense Board, 1956-1959\n        \n      \n      \n        1959 October\n        \n          Retired from active duty for second time\n        \n      \n      \n        1990 August 6\n        \n          Died at his home in La Jolla, California, and is buried at Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia."],"originalsloc_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe memoirs and addenda were copied from originals that are no longer extant, according to family sources. The Shepherd family believes that the originals once held by Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr. were lost following his death.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"originalsloc_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Originals"],"originalsloc_tesim":["The memoirs and addenda were copied from originals that are no longer extant, according to family sources. The Shepherd family believes that the originals once held by Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr. were lost following his death."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLemuel C. Shepherd, Jr. papers, 1913-1990. MS 0006. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr. papers, 1913-1990. MS 0006. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOther repositories holding papers relating to Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr. include the United States Marine Corps History Division (Quantico, Virginia).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Other repositories holding papers relating to Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr. include the United States Marine Corps History Division (Quantico, Virginia)."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr. papers consist primarily of the following:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUnpublished memoirs and accompanying documents\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePhotograph albums and scrapbooks dating from Shepherd's years as a VMI cadet, as Commandant of the United States Marine Corps, and from his service as President of the Inter-American Defense Board\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAn interview with Shepherd conducted by the archivist of the MacArthur Library regarding Shepherd's role during the Korean War, assault at Inchon\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCorrespondence\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eClippings\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCertificates and resolutions\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePrinted material\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e     \n         \nThe unpublished memoirs include detailed information about Shepherd's early Marine Corps career and his participation in World War I. They include copies of his World War I diary and personal correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr. papers consist primarily of the following:\n\nUnpublished memoirs and accompanying documents\nPhotograph albums and scrapbooks dating from Shepherd's years as a VMI cadet, as Commandant of the United States Marine Corps, and from his service as President of the Inter-American Defense Board\nAn interview with Shepherd conducted by the archivist of the MacArthur Library regarding Shepherd's role during the Korean War, assault at Inchon\nCorrespondence\nClippings\nCertificates and resolutions\nPrinted material\n     \n         \nThe unpublished memoirs include detailed information about Shepherd's early Marine Corps career and his participation in World War I. They include copies of his World War I diary and personal correspondence."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_359bc0d39157035d4751de5d0c2f19d1\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Shepherd, Lemuel C., Jr. (Lemuel Cornick), 1896-1990","MacArthur, Douglas, 1880-1964"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Shepherd, Lemuel C., Jr. (Lemuel Cornick), 1896-1990","MacArthur, Douglas, 1880-1964"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":26,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:37:30.860Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_602_c09"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3219","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Military \u0026 Wartime Cookery Collection, 1884/1965, bulk 1917/1945","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3219#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Military \u0026amp; Wartime Cookery Collection consists of a variety of manuscript and ephemeral materials relating to the history of military and wartime food and cooking. Items in the collection date from 1884 to 1965, though the bulk of the collection covers parts of World War I through World War II (1917-1945).","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3219#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3219","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3219","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3219","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3219","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_3219.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Military \u0026 Wartime Cookery Collection","title_ssm":["Military \u0026 Wartime Cookery Collection"],"title_tesim":["Military \u0026 Wartime Cookery Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1884-1965","1917-1945"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1884-1965"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1917-1945"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1884/1965, bulk 1917/1945"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Military \u0026 Wartime Cookery Collection, 1884/1965, bulk 1917/1945"],"text":["Military \u0026 Wartime Cookery Collection, 1884/1965, bulk 1917/1945","Ms.2017.029","Civil War","History of Food and Drink","World War, 1914-1918","World War, 1939-1945","Culinary pamphlets","Ephemera","Menus","Pamphlets","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged in series by conflict/era using the broadest wartime dates: The American Civil War (1861-1865); Mid- and Late 19th/Early 20th Century (1866-1914); World War I (1914-1919); Between the World Wars (1920-1938); World War II (1939-1945); Post-World War II (1946-). Within each time period, materials are grouped by format. Each folder has a list of individual items in the contents list of the finding aid.","Please note: materials are located within the conflict or era to which they are relate and may not date only from that specific time period. For example, the Civil War series contains menus from reunions that took place between 1884 and 1905.","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Military \u0026 Wartime Cookery Collection was completed in August 2017. Five additional items were received and added to the collection in September 2017.","Other World War Food-Related Collections in Special Collections\n      Culinary Pamphlet Collection, c.1870s-1990s (Ms2011-002). Finding aid available online. \n      Food Advertisement Collection, 1894-1962 (Ms2017-020). Finding aid available online. \n      State/Regional Home and Agricultural Publications, 1934-present (Ms2012-040). Finding aid available online. \n      National Agricultural Publications, 1917-present (Ms2011-022). Finding aid available online. \n      World War II Sugar Rationing Pamphlets, 1941-1945 (Ms2015-048). Finding aid available online.","The Military \u0026 Wartime Cookery Collection consists of a variety of manuscript and ephemeral materials relating to the history of military and wartime food and cooking. Items in the collection date from 1884 to 1965, though the bulk of the collection covers parts of World War I through World War II (1917-1945). Formats and items include (but are not limited to) menus, U.S. Government publications from various agencies, corporate sponsored pamphlets, ration books, recipes, and a photograph album. While the majority of the collection relates to U. S. military and wartime cooking or food history in America, there are some items relating to British military or U. S. military abroad.","The following books and publications were purchased as part of this collection and are cataloged for Special Collections Rare Book Collection. The list below is organized by conflict/era to reflect the organization of the manuscript materials. Within each era, items are listed in chronological order by publication date.","Pre-World War I Military (1897-1908)\n      General Orders No. 37, 1897\n      The Vital Question and Our Navy, 1898\n      The Army Baker: A Manual Prepared for the Use of Students of the Training School for Bakers and Cooks, 1908","World War I (1916-1918)\n      Recueil de Recettes Culinaires, c.1914-1918?\n      British French Italian Russian Belgian Cookery, 1916\n      Manual for Army Cooks, 1916\n      Mess Accounts and Messing, 1916\n      Manual for Army Bakers, 1917\n      War-Time Cook and Health Book, Lydia E. Pinkham Company, 1917\n      Food and Victory, 1918\n      How to Use Corn Meal, Oat Meal, Barley, Buckwheat,…,Royal Baking Powder Co., 1918\n      Mary Elizabeth's War Time Recipes, 1918\n      Official Recipe Book: What to Eat How to Cook It, 1918\n      Twentieth Century Club War Time Cook Book, 1918","Post World War I Military (1927-1939)\n      The Cook Book of the United States Navy, 1927\n      Favorite Navy Recipes, 1931\n      Army Chow, 1939","World War II (1940-1946)\n      Feeding the People in War-Time, 1940\n      Food in War Time, 1940\n      Manuel du Cuisinier a la Campagne, 1940\n      The Nation's Larder and the Housewife's Part Therein, 1940\n      Army Baker, TM 10-410, 1941\n      British War Relief Cookery Book, 1941\n      Favorite Navy Recipes, 1941\n      Old and New British Recipes Collected for Your Pleasure…, 1941\n      Two Hundred War-Time Recipes, 1941\n      American Woman's Cook Book, 1942?\n      The Army Cook, TM 10-405, 1942\n      Canned Food Manual, 1942\n      Recipes Complied by Fort Ord Army Daughters, 1942\n      Respectfully Yours, Annie, 1942\n      The Soldier and His Food, 1942\n      Albers Victory Recipes, 1943\n      The Bakeshop Trouble Shooter, 1943\n      Baking Manual for the Army Cook, 1943\n      Cooking Dehydrated Foods, TM 10-406, 1943\n      Cooking on a Ration: Food is Still Fun, 1943\n      Eat to Live: The Blue Book of Cooking, 1943\n      Food Planning for Victory, 1943\n      Vegetable Gardening in Wartime, 1943\n      Victory Vitamin Cook Book for Wartime Meals, 1943\n      Wartime Cooking Guide, 1943\n      164 Recipes/Recettes\n      Fare-Ye-Well with Ladies of the Realm, 1944?\n      Food in War and in Peace, 1944\n      Health for All Wartime Recipe Book, 1944\n      Health for Victory Meal Planning Guide, March—June, August 1944\n      Victory Gardening, Cornell Extension Bulletin, 1944\n      You Said a Mouthful, 1944\n      The Cook Book of the United States Navy, 1945\n      The Impact of the War on Civilian Consumption, 1945\n      Manual of Army Catering Services Part II-Recipes, 1945\n      An Experimental Study of Rationing, 1946\n      Recipes Out of Bilibid, 1946\n      Food Facts for the Kitchen Front\n      120 Wartime Meat Recipes\n      Pillsbury's 40 War Time Recipes\n      Ration Time Recipes\n      Sun-Maid Wartime Recipes that Taste Good!\n      War Cook Book for American Women","Post World War II Military (1948-1990)\n      Naval Catering Handbook and Manual, BR 97 (48), 1948\n      Operation Vittles, 1949\n      A Cook's Tour of Quantico, 1952\n      Army Brats' Cookbook, 1953\n      Army Recipes (Meat, Poultry, Fish, Gravies, Sauces, and Dressings), TM10-412-1, 1957\n      Army Recipes (Eggs, Cheese, and Sandwiches), TM 10-412-2, 1957\n      Cooks' Tour, 1960\n      Army Recipes (Salads and Salad Dressings), TM10-412-4, 1961\n      NCOWC Souvenir Cook Book, 1962\n      Dare to Excel in Cooking, 1966 \n      Peace de Resistance, c.1970\n      Military Lifestyle: Entertaining and Party Guide, 1990\n      Manual for the Chef of Staff","Permission to publish material from the Military \u0026 Wartime Cookery Collection must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.","The Military \u0026 Wartime Cookery Collection consists of a variety of manuscript and ephemeral materials relating to the history of military and wartime food and cooking. Items in the collection date from 1884 to 1965, though the bulk of the collection covers parts of World War I through World War II (1917-1945).","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Military \u0026 Wartime Cookery Collection, 1884/1965, bulk 1917/1945"],"collection_ssim":["Military \u0026 Wartime Cookery Collection, 1884/1965, bulk 1917/1945"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2017.029"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2017.029"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"creators_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish material from the Military \u0026 Wartime Cookery Collection must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Military \u0026 Wartime Cookery Collection was purchased by Special Collections in April 2017. Possible accruals may be added in the future."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil War","History of Food and Drink","World War, 1914-1918","World War, 1939-1945","Culinary pamphlets","Ephemera","Menus","Pamphlets"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil War","History of Food and Drink","World War, 1914-1918","World War, 1939-1945","Culinary pamphlets","Ephemera","Menus","Pamphlets"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.7 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.7 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"genreform_ssim":["Culinary pamphlets","Ephemera","Menus","Pamphlets"],"date_range_isim":[1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in series by conflict/era using the broadest wartime dates: The American Civil War (1861-1865); Mid- and Late 19th/Early 20th Century (1866-1914); World War I (1914-1919); Between the World Wars (1920-1938); World War II (1939-1945); Post-World War II (1946-). Within each time period, materials are grouped by format. Each folder has a list of individual items in the contents list of the finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n","\u003cp\u003ePlease note: materials are located within the conflict or era to which they are relate and may not date only from that specific time period. For example, the Civil War series contains menus from reunions that took place between 1884 and 1905.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in series by conflict/era using the broadest wartime dates: The American Civil War (1861-1865); Mid- and Late 19th/Early 20th Century (1866-1914); World War I (1914-1919); Between the World Wars (1920-1938); World War II (1939-1945); Post-World War II (1946-). Within each time period, materials are grouped by format. Each folder has a list of individual items in the contents list of the finding aid.","Please note: materials are located within the conflict or era to which they are relate and may not date only from that specific time period. For example, the Civil War series contains menus from reunions that took place between 1884 and 1905."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: Military \u0026amp; Wartime Cookery Collection, Ms2017-029, Special Collections, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: Military \u0026 Wartime Cookery Collection, Ms2017-029, Special Collections, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Military \u0026amp; Wartime Cookery Collection was completed in August 2017. Five additional items were received and added to the collection in September 2017.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Military \u0026 Wartime Cookery Collection was completed in August 2017. Five additional items were received and added to the collection in September 2017."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eOther World War Food-Related Collections in Special Collections\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eCulinary Pamphlet Collection, c.1870s-1990s (Ms2011-002). Finding aid \u003ca href=\"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vt/viblbv00787.xml\"\u003eavailable online\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eFood Advertisement Collection, 1894-1962 (Ms2017-020). Finding aid \u003ca href=\"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vt/viblbv01870.xml\"\u003eavailable online\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eState/Regional Home and Agricultural Publications, 1934-present (Ms2012-040). Finding aid \u003ca href=\"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vt/viblbv01045.xml\"\u003eavailable online\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eNational Agricultural Publications, 1917-present (Ms2011-022). Finding aid \u003ca href=\"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vt/viblbv00823.xml\"\u003eavailable online\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eWorld War II Sugar Rationing Pamphlets, 1941-1945 (Ms2015-048). Finding aid \u003ca href=\"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vt/viblbv01813.xml\"\u003eavailable online\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Other World War Food-Related Collections in Special Collections\n      Culinary Pamphlet Collection, c.1870s-1990s (Ms2011-002). Finding aid available online. \n      Food Advertisement Collection, 1894-1962 (Ms2017-020). Finding aid available online. \n      State/Regional Home and Agricultural Publications, 1934-present (Ms2012-040). Finding aid available online. \n      National Agricultural Publications, 1917-present (Ms2011-022). Finding aid available online. \n      World War II Sugar Rationing Pamphlets, 1941-1945 (Ms2015-048). Finding aid available online."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Military \u0026amp; Wartime Cookery Collection consists of a variety of manuscript and ephemeral materials relating to the history of military and wartime food and cooking. Items in the collection date from 1884 to 1965, though the bulk of the collection covers parts of World War I through World War II (1917-1945). Formats and items include (but are not limited to) menus, U.S. Government publications from various agencies, corporate sponsored pamphlets, ration books, recipes, and a photograph album. While the majority of the collection relates to U. S. military and wartime cooking or food history in America, there are some items relating to British military or U. S. military abroad.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Military \u0026 Wartime Cookery Collection consists of a variety of manuscript and ephemeral materials relating to the history of military and wartime food and cooking. Items in the collection date from 1884 to 1965, though the bulk of the collection covers parts of World War I through World War II (1917-1945). Formats and items include (but are not limited to) menus, U.S. Government publications from various agencies, corporate sponsored pamphlets, ration books, recipes, and a photograph album. While the majority of the collection relates to U. S. military and wartime cooking or food history in America, there are some items relating to British military or U. S. military abroad."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe following books and publications were purchased as part of this collection and are cataloged for Special Collections Rare Book Collection. The list below is organized by conflict/era to reflect the organization of the manuscript materials. Within each era, items are listed in chronological order by publication date.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003ePre-World War I Military (1897-1908)\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eGeneral Orders No. 37\u003c/title\u003e, 1897\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Vital Question and Our Navy\u003c/title\u003e, 1898\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Army Baker: A Manual Prepared for the Use of Students of the Training School for Bakers and Cooks\u003c/title\u003e, 1908\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n    ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eWorld War I (1916-1918)\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRecueil de Recettes Culinaires\u003c/title\u003e, c.1914-1918?\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eBritish French Italian Russian Belgian Cookery\u003c/title\u003e, 1916\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eManual for Army Cooks\u003c/title\u003e, 1916\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eMess Accounts and Messing\u003c/title\u003e, 1916\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eManual for Army Bakers\u003c/title\u003e, 1917\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eWar-Time Cook and Health Book\u003c/title\u003e, Lydia E. Pinkham Company, 1917\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eFood and Victory\u003c/title\u003e, 1918\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eHow to Use Corn Meal, Oat Meal, Barley, Buckwheat,…\u003c/title\u003e,Royal Baking Powder Co., 1918\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eMary Elizabeth's War Time Recipes\u003c/title\u003e, 1918\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eOfficial Recipe Book: What to Eat How to Cook It\u003c/title\u003e, 1918\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eTwentieth Century Club War Time Cook Book\u003c/title\u003e, 1918\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n    ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003ePost World War I Military (1927-1939)\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Cook Book of the United States Navy\u003c/title\u003e, 1927\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eFavorite Navy Recipes\u003c/title\u003e, 1931\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eArmy Chow\u003c/title\u003e, 1939\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n    ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eWorld War II (1940-1946)\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eFeeding the People in War-Time\u003c/title\u003e, 1940\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eFood in War Time\u003c/title\u003e, 1940\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eManuel du Cuisinier a la Campagne\u003c/title\u003e, 1940\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Nation's Larder and the Housewife's Part Therein\u003c/title\u003e, 1940\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eArmy Baker\u003c/title\u003e, TM 10-410, 1941\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eBritish War Relief Cookery Book\u003c/title\u003e, 1941\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eFavorite Navy Recipes\u003c/title\u003e, 1941\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eOld and New British Recipes Collected for Your Pleasure…\u003c/title\u003e, 1941\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eTwo Hundred War-Time Recipes\u003c/title\u003e, 1941\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eAmerican Woman's Cook Book\u003c/title\u003e, 1942?\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Army Cook\u003c/title\u003e, TM 10-405, 1942\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eCanned Food Manual\u003c/title\u003e, 1942\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRecipes Complied by Fort Ord Army Daughters\u003c/title\u003e, 1942\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRespectfully Yours, Annie\u003c/title\u003e, 1942\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Soldier and His Food\u003c/title\u003e, 1942\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eAlbers Victory Recipes\u003c/title\u003e, 1943\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Bakeshop Trouble Shooter\u003c/title\u003e, 1943\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eBaking Manual for the Army Cook\u003c/title\u003e, 1943\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eCooking Dehydrated Foods\u003c/title\u003e, TM 10-406, 1943\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eCooking on a Ration: Food is Still Fun\u003c/title\u003e, 1943\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eEat to Live: The Blue Book of Cooking\u003c/title\u003e, 1943\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eFood Planning for Victory\u003c/title\u003e, 1943\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eVegetable Gardening in Wartime\u003c/title\u003e, 1943\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eVictory Vitamin Cook Book for Wartime Meals\u003c/title\u003e, 1943\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eWartime Cooking Guide\u003c/title\u003e, 1943\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003e164 Recipes/Recettes\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eFare-Ye-Well with Ladies of the Realm\u003c/title\u003e, 1944?\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eFood in War and in Peace\u003c/title\u003e, 1944\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eHealth for All Wartime Recipe Book\u003c/title\u003e, 1944\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eHealth for Victory Meal Planning Guide\u003c/title\u003e, March—June, August 1944\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eVictory Gardening, Cornell Extension Bulletin\u003c/title\u003e, 1944\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eYou Said a Mouthful\u003c/title\u003e, 1944\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Cook Book of the United States Navy\u003c/title\u003e, 1945\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Impact of the War on Civilian Consumption\u003c/title\u003e, 1945\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eManual of Army Catering Services Part II-Recipes\u003c/title\u003e, 1945\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eAn Experimental Study of Rationing\u003c/title\u003e, 1946\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRecipes Out of Bilibid\u003c/title\u003e, 1946\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eFood Facts for the Kitchen Front\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003e120 Wartime Meat Recipes\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003ePillsbury's 40 War Time Recipes\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRation Time Recipes\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eSun-Maid Wartime Recipes that Taste Good!\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eWar Cook Book for American Women\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n    ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003ePost World War II Military (1948-1990)\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eNaval Catering Handbook and Manual\u003c/title\u003e, BR 97 (48), 1948\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eOperation Vittles\u003c/title\u003e, 1949\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eA Cook's Tour of Quantico\u003c/title\u003e, 1952\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eArmy Brats' Cookbook\u003c/title\u003e, 1953\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eArmy Recipes (Meat, Poultry, Fish, Gravies, Sauces, and Dressings)\u003c/title\u003e, TM10-412-1, 1957\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eArmy Recipes (Eggs, Cheese, and Sandwiches)\u003c/title\u003e, TM 10-412-2, 1957\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eCooks' Tour\u003c/title\u003e, 1960\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eArmy Recipes (Salads and Salad Dressings)\u003c/title\u003e, TM10-412-4, 1961\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eNCOWC Souvenir Cook Book\u003c/title\u003e, 1962\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eDare to Excel in Cooking\u003c/title\u003e, 1966 \u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003ePeace de Resistance\u003c/title\u003e, c.1970\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eMilitary Lifestyle: Entertaining and Party Guide\u003c/title\u003e, 1990\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eManual for the Chef of Staff\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["The following books and publications were purchased as part of this collection and are cataloged for Special Collections Rare Book Collection. The list below is organized by conflict/era to reflect the organization of the manuscript materials. Within each era, items are listed in chronological order by publication date.","Pre-World War I Military (1897-1908)\n      General Orders No. 37, 1897\n      The Vital Question and Our Navy, 1898\n      The Army Baker: A Manual Prepared for the Use of Students of the Training School for Bakers and Cooks, 1908","World War I (1916-1918)\n      Recueil de Recettes Culinaires, c.1914-1918?\n      British French Italian Russian Belgian Cookery, 1916\n      Manual for Army Cooks, 1916\n      Mess Accounts and Messing, 1916\n      Manual for Army Bakers, 1917\n      War-Time Cook and Health Book, Lydia E. Pinkham Company, 1917\n      Food and Victory, 1918\n      How to Use Corn Meal, Oat Meal, Barley, Buckwheat,…,Royal Baking Powder Co., 1918\n      Mary Elizabeth's War Time Recipes, 1918\n      Official Recipe Book: What to Eat How to Cook It, 1918\n      Twentieth Century Club War Time Cook Book, 1918","Post World War I Military (1927-1939)\n      The Cook Book of the United States Navy, 1927\n      Favorite Navy Recipes, 1931\n      Army Chow, 1939","World War II (1940-1946)\n      Feeding the People in War-Time, 1940\n      Food in War Time, 1940\n      Manuel du Cuisinier a la Campagne, 1940\n      The Nation's Larder and the Housewife's Part Therein, 1940\n      Army Baker, TM 10-410, 1941\n      British War Relief Cookery Book, 1941\n      Favorite Navy Recipes, 1941\n      Old and New British Recipes Collected for Your Pleasure…, 1941\n      Two Hundred War-Time Recipes, 1941\n      American Woman's Cook Book, 1942?\n      The Army Cook, TM 10-405, 1942\n      Canned Food Manual, 1942\n      Recipes Complied by Fort Ord Army Daughters, 1942\n      Respectfully Yours, Annie, 1942\n      The Soldier and His Food, 1942\n      Albers Victory Recipes, 1943\n      The Bakeshop Trouble Shooter, 1943\n      Baking Manual for the Army Cook, 1943\n      Cooking Dehydrated Foods, TM 10-406, 1943\n      Cooking on a Ration: Food is Still Fun, 1943\n      Eat to Live: The Blue Book of Cooking, 1943\n      Food Planning for Victory, 1943\n      Vegetable Gardening in Wartime, 1943\n      Victory Vitamin Cook Book for Wartime Meals, 1943\n      Wartime Cooking Guide, 1943\n      164 Recipes/Recettes\n      Fare-Ye-Well with Ladies of the Realm, 1944?\n      Food in War and in Peace, 1944\n      Health for All Wartime Recipe Book, 1944\n      Health for Victory Meal Planning Guide, March—June, August 1944\n      Victory Gardening, Cornell Extension Bulletin, 1944\n      You Said a Mouthful, 1944\n      The Cook Book of the United States Navy, 1945\n      The Impact of the War on Civilian Consumption, 1945\n      Manual of Army Catering Services Part II-Recipes, 1945\n      An Experimental Study of Rationing, 1946\n      Recipes Out of Bilibid, 1946\n      Food Facts for the Kitchen Front\n      120 Wartime Meat Recipes\n      Pillsbury's 40 War Time Recipes\n      Ration Time Recipes\n      Sun-Maid Wartime Recipes that Taste Good!\n      War Cook Book for American Women","Post World War II Military (1948-1990)\n      Naval Catering Handbook and Manual, BR 97 (48), 1948\n      Operation Vittles, 1949\n      A Cook's Tour of Quantico, 1952\n      Army Brats' Cookbook, 1953\n      Army Recipes (Meat, Poultry, Fish, Gravies, Sauces, and Dressings), TM10-412-1, 1957\n      Army Recipes (Eggs, Cheese, and Sandwiches), TM 10-412-2, 1957\n      Cooks' Tour, 1960\n      Army Recipes (Salads and Salad Dressings), TM10-412-4, 1961\n      NCOWC Souvenir Cook Book, 1962\n      Dare to Excel in Cooking, 1966 \n      Peace de Resistance, c.1970\n      Military Lifestyle: Entertaining and Party Guide, 1990\n      Manual for the Chef of Staff"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish material from the Military \u0026amp; Wartime Cookery Collection must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish material from the Military \u0026 Wartime Cookery Collection must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_8152d9d82b328d444938448d389ce71c\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Military \u0026amp; Wartime Cookery Collection consists of a variety of manuscript and ephemeral materials relating to the history of military and wartime food and cooking. Items in the collection date from 1884 to 1965, though the bulk of the collection covers parts of World War I through World War II (1917-1945).\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Military \u0026 Wartime Cookery Collection consists of a variety of manuscript and ephemeral materials relating to the history of military and wartime food and cooking. Items in the collection date from 1884 to 1965, though the bulk of the collection covers parts of World War I through World War II (1917-1945)."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"total_component_count_is":68,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:31:39.599Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3219","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3219","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3219","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3219","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_3219.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Military \u0026 Wartime Cookery Collection","title_ssm":["Military \u0026 Wartime Cookery Collection"],"title_tesim":["Military \u0026 Wartime Cookery Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1884-1965","1917-1945"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1884-1965"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1917-1945"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1884/1965, bulk 1917/1945"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Military \u0026 Wartime Cookery Collection, 1884/1965, bulk 1917/1945"],"text":["Military \u0026 Wartime Cookery Collection, 1884/1965, bulk 1917/1945","Ms.2017.029","Civil War","History of Food and Drink","World War, 1914-1918","World War, 1939-1945","Culinary pamphlets","Ephemera","Menus","Pamphlets","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged in series by conflict/era using the broadest wartime dates: The American Civil War (1861-1865); Mid- and Late 19th/Early 20th Century (1866-1914); World War I (1914-1919); Between the World Wars (1920-1938); World War II (1939-1945); Post-World War II (1946-). Within each time period, materials are grouped by format. Each folder has a list of individual items in the contents list of the finding aid.","Please note: materials are located within the conflict or era to which they are relate and may not date only from that specific time period. For example, the Civil War series contains menus from reunions that took place between 1884 and 1905.","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Military \u0026 Wartime Cookery Collection was completed in August 2017. Five additional items were received and added to the collection in September 2017.","Other World War Food-Related Collections in Special Collections\n      Culinary Pamphlet Collection, c.1870s-1990s (Ms2011-002). Finding aid available online. \n      Food Advertisement Collection, 1894-1962 (Ms2017-020). Finding aid available online. \n      State/Regional Home and Agricultural Publications, 1934-present (Ms2012-040). Finding aid available online. \n      National Agricultural Publications, 1917-present (Ms2011-022). Finding aid available online. \n      World War II Sugar Rationing Pamphlets, 1941-1945 (Ms2015-048). Finding aid available online.","The Military \u0026 Wartime Cookery Collection consists of a variety of manuscript and ephemeral materials relating to the history of military and wartime food and cooking. Items in the collection date from 1884 to 1965, though the bulk of the collection covers parts of World War I through World War II (1917-1945). Formats and items include (but are not limited to) menus, U.S. Government publications from various agencies, corporate sponsored pamphlets, ration books, recipes, and a photograph album. While the majority of the collection relates to U. S. military and wartime cooking or food history in America, there are some items relating to British military or U. S. military abroad.","The following books and publications were purchased as part of this collection and are cataloged for Special Collections Rare Book Collection. The list below is organized by conflict/era to reflect the organization of the manuscript materials. Within each era, items are listed in chronological order by publication date.","Pre-World War I Military (1897-1908)\n      General Orders No. 37, 1897\n      The Vital Question and Our Navy, 1898\n      The Army Baker: A Manual Prepared for the Use of Students of the Training School for Bakers and Cooks, 1908","World War I (1916-1918)\n      Recueil de Recettes Culinaires, c.1914-1918?\n      British French Italian Russian Belgian Cookery, 1916\n      Manual for Army Cooks, 1916\n      Mess Accounts and Messing, 1916\n      Manual for Army Bakers, 1917\n      War-Time Cook and Health Book, Lydia E. Pinkham Company, 1917\n      Food and Victory, 1918\n      How to Use Corn Meal, Oat Meal, Barley, Buckwheat,…,Royal Baking Powder Co., 1918\n      Mary Elizabeth's War Time Recipes, 1918\n      Official Recipe Book: What to Eat How to Cook It, 1918\n      Twentieth Century Club War Time Cook Book, 1918","Post World War I Military (1927-1939)\n      The Cook Book of the United States Navy, 1927\n      Favorite Navy Recipes, 1931\n      Army Chow, 1939","World War II (1940-1946)\n      Feeding the People in War-Time, 1940\n      Food in War Time, 1940\n      Manuel du Cuisinier a la Campagne, 1940\n      The Nation's Larder and the Housewife's Part Therein, 1940\n      Army Baker, TM 10-410, 1941\n      British War Relief Cookery Book, 1941\n      Favorite Navy Recipes, 1941\n      Old and New British Recipes Collected for Your Pleasure…, 1941\n      Two Hundred War-Time Recipes, 1941\n      American Woman's Cook Book, 1942?\n      The Army Cook, TM 10-405, 1942\n      Canned Food Manual, 1942\n      Recipes Complied by Fort Ord Army Daughters, 1942\n      Respectfully Yours, Annie, 1942\n      The Soldier and His Food, 1942\n      Albers Victory Recipes, 1943\n      The Bakeshop Trouble Shooter, 1943\n      Baking Manual for the Army Cook, 1943\n      Cooking Dehydrated Foods, TM 10-406, 1943\n      Cooking on a Ration: Food is Still Fun, 1943\n      Eat to Live: The Blue Book of Cooking, 1943\n      Food Planning for Victory, 1943\n      Vegetable Gardening in Wartime, 1943\n      Victory Vitamin Cook Book for Wartime Meals, 1943\n      Wartime Cooking Guide, 1943\n      164 Recipes/Recettes\n      Fare-Ye-Well with Ladies of the Realm, 1944?\n      Food in War and in Peace, 1944\n      Health for All Wartime Recipe Book, 1944\n      Health for Victory Meal Planning Guide, March—June, August 1944\n      Victory Gardening, Cornell Extension Bulletin, 1944\n      You Said a Mouthful, 1944\n      The Cook Book of the United States Navy, 1945\n      The Impact of the War on Civilian Consumption, 1945\n      Manual of Army Catering Services Part II-Recipes, 1945\n      An Experimental Study of Rationing, 1946\n      Recipes Out of Bilibid, 1946\n      Food Facts for the Kitchen Front\n      120 Wartime Meat Recipes\n      Pillsbury's 40 War Time Recipes\n      Ration Time Recipes\n      Sun-Maid Wartime Recipes that Taste Good!\n      War Cook Book for American Women","Post World War II Military (1948-1990)\n      Naval Catering Handbook and Manual, BR 97 (48), 1948\n      Operation Vittles, 1949\n      A Cook's Tour of Quantico, 1952\n      Army Brats' Cookbook, 1953\n      Army Recipes (Meat, Poultry, Fish, Gravies, Sauces, and Dressings), TM10-412-1, 1957\n      Army Recipes (Eggs, Cheese, and Sandwiches), TM 10-412-2, 1957\n      Cooks' Tour, 1960\n      Army Recipes (Salads and Salad Dressings), TM10-412-4, 1961\n      NCOWC Souvenir Cook Book, 1962\n      Dare to Excel in Cooking, 1966 \n      Peace de Resistance, c.1970\n      Military Lifestyle: Entertaining and Party Guide, 1990\n      Manual for the Chef of Staff","Permission to publish material from the Military \u0026 Wartime Cookery Collection must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.","The Military \u0026 Wartime Cookery Collection consists of a variety of manuscript and ephemeral materials relating to the history of military and wartime food and cooking. Items in the collection date from 1884 to 1965, though the bulk of the collection covers parts of World War I through World War II (1917-1945).","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Military \u0026 Wartime Cookery Collection, 1884/1965, bulk 1917/1945"],"collection_ssim":["Military \u0026 Wartime Cookery Collection, 1884/1965, bulk 1917/1945"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2017.029"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2017.029"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"creators_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish material from the Military \u0026 Wartime Cookery Collection must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Military \u0026 Wartime Cookery Collection was purchased by Special Collections in April 2017. Possible accruals may be added in the future."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil War","History of Food and Drink","World War, 1914-1918","World War, 1939-1945","Culinary pamphlets","Ephemera","Menus","Pamphlets"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil War","History of Food and Drink","World War, 1914-1918","World War, 1939-1945","Culinary pamphlets","Ephemera","Menus","Pamphlets"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.7 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.7 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"genreform_ssim":["Culinary pamphlets","Ephemera","Menus","Pamphlets"],"date_range_isim":[1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in series by conflict/era using the broadest wartime dates: The American Civil War (1861-1865); Mid- and Late 19th/Early 20th Century (1866-1914); World War I (1914-1919); Between the World Wars (1920-1938); World War II (1939-1945); Post-World War II (1946-). Within each time period, materials are grouped by format. Each folder has a list of individual items in the contents list of the finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n","\u003cp\u003ePlease note: materials are located within the conflict or era to which they are relate and may not date only from that specific time period. For example, the Civil War series contains menus from reunions that took place between 1884 and 1905.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in series by conflict/era using the broadest wartime dates: The American Civil War (1861-1865); Mid- and Late 19th/Early 20th Century (1866-1914); World War I (1914-1919); Between the World Wars (1920-1938); World War II (1939-1945); Post-World War II (1946-). Within each time period, materials are grouped by format. Each folder has a list of individual items in the contents list of the finding aid.","Please note: materials are located within the conflict or era to which they are relate and may not date only from that specific time period. For example, the Civil War series contains menus from reunions that took place between 1884 and 1905."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: Military \u0026amp; Wartime Cookery Collection, Ms2017-029, Special Collections, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: Military \u0026 Wartime Cookery Collection, Ms2017-029, Special Collections, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Military \u0026amp; Wartime Cookery Collection was completed in August 2017. Five additional items were received and added to the collection in September 2017.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Military \u0026 Wartime Cookery Collection was completed in August 2017. Five additional items were received and added to the collection in September 2017."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eOther World War Food-Related Collections in Special Collections\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eCulinary Pamphlet Collection, c.1870s-1990s (Ms2011-002). Finding aid \u003ca href=\"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vt/viblbv00787.xml\"\u003eavailable online\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eFood Advertisement Collection, 1894-1962 (Ms2017-020). Finding aid \u003ca href=\"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vt/viblbv01870.xml\"\u003eavailable online\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eState/Regional Home and Agricultural Publications, 1934-present (Ms2012-040). Finding aid \u003ca href=\"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vt/viblbv01045.xml\"\u003eavailable online\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eNational Agricultural Publications, 1917-present (Ms2011-022). Finding aid \u003ca href=\"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vt/viblbv00823.xml\"\u003eavailable online\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eWorld War II Sugar Rationing Pamphlets, 1941-1945 (Ms2015-048). Finding aid \u003ca href=\"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vt/viblbv01813.xml\"\u003eavailable online\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Other World War Food-Related Collections in Special Collections\n      Culinary Pamphlet Collection, c.1870s-1990s (Ms2011-002). Finding aid available online. \n      Food Advertisement Collection, 1894-1962 (Ms2017-020). Finding aid available online. \n      State/Regional Home and Agricultural Publications, 1934-present (Ms2012-040). Finding aid available online. \n      National Agricultural Publications, 1917-present (Ms2011-022). Finding aid available online. \n      World War II Sugar Rationing Pamphlets, 1941-1945 (Ms2015-048). Finding aid available online."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Military \u0026amp; Wartime Cookery Collection consists of a variety of manuscript and ephemeral materials relating to the history of military and wartime food and cooking. Items in the collection date from 1884 to 1965, though the bulk of the collection covers parts of World War I through World War II (1917-1945). Formats and items include (but are not limited to) menus, U.S. Government publications from various agencies, corporate sponsored pamphlets, ration books, recipes, and a photograph album. While the majority of the collection relates to U. S. military and wartime cooking or food history in America, there are some items relating to British military or U. S. military abroad.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Military \u0026 Wartime Cookery Collection consists of a variety of manuscript and ephemeral materials relating to the history of military and wartime food and cooking. Items in the collection date from 1884 to 1965, though the bulk of the collection covers parts of World War I through World War II (1917-1945). Formats and items include (but are not limited to) menus, U.S. Government publications from various agencies, corporate sponsored pamphlets, ration books, recipes, and a photograph album. While the majority of the collection relates to U. S. military and wartime cooking or food history in America, there are some items relating to British military or U. S. military abroad."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe following books and publications were purchased as part of this collection and are cataloged for Special Collections Rare Book Collection. The list below is organized by conflict/era to reflect the organization of the manuscript materials. Within each era, items are listed in chronological order by publication date.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003ePre-World War I Military (1897-1908)\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eGeneral Orders No. 37\u003c/title\u003e, 1897\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Vital Question and Our Navy\u003c/title\u003e, 1898\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Army Baker: A Manual Prepared for the Use of Students of the Training School for Bakers and Cooks\u003c/title\u003e, 1908\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n    ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eWorld War I (1916-1918)\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRecueil de Recettes Culinaires\u003c/title\u003e, c.1914-1918?\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eBritish French Italian Russian Belgian Cookery\u003c/title\u003e, 1916\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eManual for Army Cooks\u003c/title\u003e, 1916\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eMess Accounts and Messing\u003c/title\u003e, 1916\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eManual for Army Bakers\u003c/title\u003e, 1917\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eWar-Time Cook and Health Book\u003c/title\u003e, Lydia E. Pinkham Company, 1917\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eFood and Victory\u003c/title\u003e, 1918\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eHow to Use Corn Meal, Oat Meal, Barley, Buckwheat,…\u003c/title\u003e,Royal Baking Powder Co., 1918\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eMary Elizabeth's War Time Recipes\u003c/title\u003e, 1918\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eOfficial Recipe Book: What to Eat How to Cook It\u003c/title\u003e, 1918\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eTwentieth Century Club War Time Cook Book\u003c/title\u003e, 1918\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n    ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003ePost World War I Military (1927-1939)\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Cook Book of the United States Navy\u003c/title\u003e, 1927\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eFavorite Navy Recipes\u003c/title\u003e, 1931\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eArmy Chow\u003c/title\u003e, 1939\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n    ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eWorld War II (1940-1946)\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eFeeding the People in War-Time\u003c/title\u003e, 1940\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eFood in War Time\u003c/title\u003e, 1940\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eManuel du Cuisinier a la Campagne\u003c/title\u003e, 1940\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Nation's Larder and the Housewife's Part Therein\u003c/title\u003e, 1940\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eArmy Baker\u003c/title\u003e, TM 10-410, 1941\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eBritish War Relief Cookery Book\u003c/title\u003e, 1941\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eFavorite Navy Recipes\u003c/title\u003e, 1941\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eOld and New British Recipes Collected for Your Pleasure…\u003c/title\u003e, 1941\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eTwo Hundred War-Time Recipes\u003c/title\u003e, 1941\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eAmerican Woman's Cook Book\u003c/title\u003e, 1942?\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Army Cook\u003c/title\u003e, TM 10-405, 1942\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eCanned Food Manual\u003c/title\u003e, 1942\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRecipes Complied by Fort Ord Army Daughters\u003c/title\u003e, 1942\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRespectfully Yours, Annie\u003c/title\u003e, 1942\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Soldier and His Food\u003c/title\u003e, 1942\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eAlbers Victory Recipes\u003c/title\u003e, 1943\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Bakeshop Trouble Shooter\u003c/title\u003e, 1943\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eBaking Manual for the Army Cook\u003c/title\u003e, 1943\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eCooking Dehydrated Foods\u003c/title\u003e, TM 10-406, 1943\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eCooking on a Ration: Food is Still Fun\u003c/title\u003e, 1943\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eEat to Live: The Blue Book of Cooking\u003c/title\u003e, 1943\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eFood Planning for Victory\u003c/title\u003e, 1943\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eVegetable Gardening in Wartime\u003c/title\u003e, 1943\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eVictory Vitamin Cook Book for Wartime Meals\u003c/title\u003e, 1943\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eWartime Cooking Guide\u003c/title\u003e, 1943\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003e164 Recipes/Recettes\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eFare-Ye-Well with Ladies of the Realm\u003c/title\u003e, 1944?\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eFood in War and in Peace\u003c/title\u003e, 1944\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eHealth for All Wartime Recipe Book\u003c/title\u003e, 1944\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eHealth for Victory Meal Planning Guide\u003c/title\u003e, March—June, August 1944\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eVictory Gardening, Cornell Extension Bulletin\u003c/title\u003e, 1944\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eYou Said a Mouthful\u003c/title\u003e, 1944\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Cook Book of the United States Navy\u003c/title\u003e, 1945\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Impact of the War on Civilian Consumption\u003c/title\u003e, 1945\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eManual of Army Catering Services Part II-Recipes\u003c/title\u003e, 1945\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eAn Experimental Study of Rationing\u003c/title\u003e, 1946\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRecipes Out of Bilibid\u003c/title\u003e, 1946\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eFood Facts for the Kitchen Front\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003e120 Wartime Meat Recipes\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003ePillsbury's 40 War Time Recipes\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRation Time Recipes\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eSun-Maid Wartime Recipes that Taste Good!\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eWar Cook Book for American Women\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n    ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003ePost World War II Military (1948-1990)\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eNaval Catering Handbook and Manual\u003c/title\u003e, BR 97 (48), 1948\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eOperation Vittles\u003c/title\u003e, 1949\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eA Cook's Tour of Quantico\u003c/title\u003e, 1952\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eArmy Brats' Cookbook\u003c/title\u003e, 1953\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eArmy Recipes (Meat, Poultry, Fish, Gravies, Sauces, and Dressings)\u003c/title\u003e, TM10-412-1, 1957\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eArmy Recipes (Eggs, Cheese, and Sandwiches)\u003c/title\u003e, TM 10-412-2, 1957\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eCooks' Tour\u003c/title\u003e, 1960\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eArmy Recipes (Salads and Salad Dressings)\u003c/title\u003e, TM10-412-4, 1961\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eNCOWC Souvenir Cook Book\u003c/title\u003e, 1962\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eDare to Excel in Cooking\u003c/title\u003e, 1966 \u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003ePeace de Resistance\u003c/title\u003e, c.1970\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eMilitary Lifestyle: Entertaining and Party Guide\u003c/title\u003e, 1990\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eManual for the Chef of Staff\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["The following books and publications were purchased as part of this collection and are cataloged for Special Collections Rare Book Collection. The list below is organized by conflict/era to reflect the organization of the manuscript materials. Within each era, items are listed in chronological order by publication date.","Pre-World War I Military (1897-1908)\n      General Orders No. 37, 1897\n      The Vital Question and Our Navy, 1898\n      The Army Baker: A Manual Prepared for the Use of Students of the Training School for Bakers and Cooks, 1908","World War I (1916-1918)\n      Recueil de Recettes Culinaires, c.1914-1918?\n      British French Italian Russian Belgian Cookery, 1916\n      Manual for Army Cooks, 1916\n      Mess Accounts and Messing, 1916\n      Manual for Army Bakers, 1917\n      War-Time Cook and Health Book, Lydia E. Pinkham Company, 1917\n      Food and Victory, 1918\n      How to Use Corn Meal, Oat Meal, Barley, Buckwheat,…,Royal Baking Powder Co., 1918\n      Mary Elizabeth's War Time Recipes, 1918\n      Official Recipe Book: What to Eat How to Cook It, 1918\n      Twentieth Century Club War Time Cook Book, 1918","Post World War I Military (1927-1939)\n      The Cook Book of the United States Navy, 1927\n      Favorite Navy Recipes, 1931\n      Army Chow, 1939","World War II (1940-1946)\n      Feeding the People in War-Time, 1940\n      Food in War Time, 1940\n      Manuel du Cuisinier a la Campagne, 1940\n      The Nation's Larder and the Housewife's Part Therein, 1940\n      Army Baker, TM 10-410, 1941\n      British War Relief Cookery Book, 1941\n      Favorite Navy Recipes, 1941\n      Old and New British Recipes Collected for Your Pleasure…, 1941\n      Two Hundred War-Time Recipes, 1941\n      American Woman's Cook Book, 1942?\n      The Army Cook, TM 10-405, 1942\n      Canned Food Manual, 1942\n      Recipes Complied by Fort Ord Army Daughters, 1942\n      Respectfully Yours, Annie, 1942\n      The Soldier and His Food, 1942\n      Albers Victory Recipes, 1943\n      The Bakeshop Trouble Shooter, 1943\n      Baking Manual for the Army Cook, 1943\n      Cooking Dehydrated Foods, TM 10-406, 1943\n      Cooking on a Ration: Food is Still Fun, 1943\n      Eat to Live: The Blue Book of Cooking, 1943\n      Food Planning for Victory, 1943\n      Vegetable Gardening in Wartime, 1943\n      Victory Vitamin Cook Book for Wartime Meals, 1943\n      Wartime Cooking Guide, 1943\n      164 Recipes/Recettes\n      Fare-Ye-Well with Ladies of the Realm, 1944?\n      Food in War and in Peace, 1944\n      Health for All Wartime Recipe Book, 1944\n      Health for Victory Meal Planning Guide, March—June, August 1944\n      Victory Gardening, Cornell Extension Bulletin, 1944\n      You Said a Mouthful, 1944\n      The Cook Book of the United States Navy, 1945\n      The Impact of the War on Civilian Consumption, 1945\n      Manual of Army Catering Services Part II-Recipes, 1945\n      An Experimental Study of Rationing, 1946\n      Recipes Out of Bilibid, 1946\n      Food Facts for the Kitchen Front\n      120 Wartime Meat Recipes\n      Pillsbury's 40 War Time Recipes\n      Ration Time Recipes\n      Sun-Maid Wartime Recipes that Taste Good!\n      War Cook Book for American Women","Post World War II Military (1948-1990)\n      Naval Catering Handbook and Manual, BR 97 (48), 1948\n      Operation Vittles, 1949\n      A Cook's Tour of Quantico, 1952\n      Army Brats' Cookbook, 1953\n      Army Recipes (Meat, Poultry, Fish, Gravies, Sauces, and Dressings), TM10-412-1, 1957\n      Army Recipes (Eggs, Cheese, and Sandwiches), TM 10-412-2, 1957\n      Cooks' Tour, 1960\n      Army Recipes (Salads and Salad Dressings), TM10-412-4, 1961\n      NCOWC Souvenir Cook Book, 1962\n      Dare to Excel in Cooking, 1966 \n      Peace de Resistance, c.1970\n      Military Lifestyle: Entertaining and Party Guide, 1990\n      Manual for the Chef of Staff"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish material from the Military \u0026amp; Wartime Cookery Collection must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish material from the Military \u0026 Wartime Cookery Collection must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_8152d9d82b328d444938448d389ce71c\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Military \u0026amp; Wartime Cookery Collection consists of a variety of manuscript and ephemeral materials relating to the history of military and wartime food and cooking. Items in the collection date from 1884 to 1965, though the bulk of the collection covers parts of World War I through World War II (1917-1945).\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Military \u0026 Wartime Cookery Collection consists of a variety of manuscript and ephemeral materials relating to the history of military and wartime food and cooking. 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