{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Wood+engravings","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Wood+engravings\u0026page=1"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":3,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_692","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"\"Madonna and Child\" print by Friedrich Karl Rupprecht, after Zanetti, after Parmigianino chiaroscuro woodcut","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_692#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Rupprecht, Friedrich Karl, 1779-1831","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_692#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Friedrich Karl Rupprecht 19th century printed copy of a chiaroscuro woodcut by Antonio Maria Zanetti I, after a drawing by Parmigianino.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_692#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_692","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_692","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_692","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_692","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_692.xml","title_ssm":["\"Madonna and Child\" print by Friedrich Karl Rupprecht, after Zanetti, after Parmigianino chiaroscuro woodcut"],"title_tesim":["\"Madonna and Child\" print by Friedrich Karl Rupprecht, after Zanetti, after Parmigianino chiaroscuro woodcut"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1822"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["circa 1822"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0418","/repositories/2/resources/692"],"text":["C0418","/repositories/2/resources/692","\"Madonna and Child\" print by Friedrich Karl Rupprecht, after Zanetti, after Parmigianino chiaroscuro woodcut","Art","Chiaroscuro","Christian art and symbolism","Christian art and symbolism -- Germany -- Modern period, 1500-","Wood engravings","There are no access restrictions.","This is a single item collection.","\"Antonio Maria Zanetti I.\" n.d. The British Museum. Accessed December 4, 2023. https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG51922.","\"Chiaroscuro Woodcut.\" n.d. Elizabeth Harvey-Lee | Print Dealer. Accessed December 4, 2023. https://www.elizabethharvey-lee.com/techniques/colour_relief/chiaroscuro.htm.","\"Chiaroscuro Woodcuts.\" n.d. Royal Collection Trust. Accessed December 4, 2023. https://www.rct.uk/collection/themes/exhibitions/canaletto-and-the-art-of-venice/the-queens-gallery-buckingham-palace/chiaroscuro-woodcuts.","Finefield, Kristi. 2018. \"Renaissance and Baroque Color: Researching Chiaroscuro Woodcuts at the Library of Congress | Picture This.\"  The Library of Congress  (blog). December 13, 2018. //blogs.loc.gov/picturethis/2018/12/renaissance-and-baroque-color-researching-chiaroscuro-woodcuts-at-the-library-of-congress.","\"Friedrich Carl Rupprecht.\" n.d. The British Museum. Accessed December 4, 2023. https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG44514.","\"Friedrich Karl Rupprecht.\" 2021. In  Wikipedia . https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_Karl_Rupprecht\u0026oldid=215671760.","\"Parmigianino.\" n.d. The British Museum. Accessed December 4, 2023. https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG41167.","Friedrich Karl Rupprecht was born in Germany on October 31, 1779. Rupprecht attended high school in Nuremberg and while there became a student of the landscape painter Christoph Froer. Starting in 1799 he studied at the academy in Dresden and began work as an independent artist in 1802 before settling in Bamberg in 1810. A painter and engraver, Rupprecht also revived the chiaroscuro woodcut technique by making prints after Italian artists. Rupprecht fell ill in the summer of 1831 due to unhealthy working conditions during the restoration of the Bamberg Cathedral and passed away on October 25 of that year.","Chiaroscuro woodcut printmaking was developed in Germany and expanded upon in Italy in the early 1500s and is one of the earliest color printing processes. The term \"chiaroscuro\" is a combination of the Italian words for \"chiaro\" meaning light and \"scuro\" meaning shade. Rather than the hand application of color ink to an impression printed in black ink, chiaroscuro woodcuts created images using multiple woodblocks that layered color tones to create the image, traditionally shades of brown, ochre, olive, green, gray, and other earth tones. Interest in the technique waned and had virtually died out by the late 1600s, but a group of Venetian printmakers led to a revival of interest in the 1700s. Antonio Maria Zanetti I (also known as the Elder) is considered one of these key revivers of the chiaroscuro woodcut. Born in 1680, Zanetti began experimenting with the technique in the 1720s by reproducing drawings by Parmigianino (also known as Girolamo Francesco Maria Mazzola), a 16th century Italian painter, etcher, and engraver.","Processing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in November 2023. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in December 2023.","The Special Collections Research center holds other woodcut prints and engravings including  Nuremberg Chronicle leaf with woodcut illustrations , and the  Broadus Bailey French Revolution print collection .","The Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division (P\u0026P) holds  The Pembroke Album , a collection of 91 images, primarily chiaroscuro woodcuts by Italian printmakers active in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.","Friedrich Karl Rupprecht 19th century printed copy of a chiaroscuro woodcut by Antonio Maria Zanetti I, after a drawing by Parmigianino. 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There are no known restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased by SCRC from the Book Press, Ltd. in February 2017."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Art","Chiaroscuro","Christian art and symbolism","Christian art and symbolism -- Germany -- Modern period, 1500-","Wood engravings"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Art","Chiaroscuro","Christian art and symbolism","Christian art and symbolism -- Germany -- Modern period, 1500-","Wood engravings"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".01 Linear Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":[".01 Linear Feet 1 folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Wood engravings"],"date_range_isim":[1822],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis is a single item collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This is a single item collection."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\"Antonio Maria Zanetti I.\" n.d. The British Museum. Accessed December 4, 2023. https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG51922.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Chiaroscuro Woodcut.\" n.d. Elizabeth Harvey-Lee | Print Dealer. Accessed December 4, 2023. https://www.elizabethharvey-lee.com/techniques/colour_relief/chiaroscuro.htm.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Chiaroscuro Woodcuts.\" n.d. Royal Collection Trust. Accessed December 4, 2023. https://www.rct.uk/collection/themes/exhibitions/canaletto-and-the-art-of-venice/the-queens-gallery-buckingham-palace/chiaroscuro-woodcuts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFinefield, Kristi. 2018. \"Renaissance and Baroque Color: Researching Chiaroscuro Woodcuts at the Library of Congress | Picture This.\" \u003cemphp\u003eThe Library of Congress\u003c/emphp\u003e (blog). December 13, 2018. //blogs.loc.gov/picturethis/2018/12/renaissance-and-baroque-color-researching-chiaroscuro-woodcuts-at-the-library-of-congress.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Friedrich Carl Rupprecht.\" n.d. The British Museum. Accessed December 4, 2023. https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG44514.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Friedrich Karl Rupprecht.\" 2021. In \u003cemph\u003eWikipedia\u003c/emph\u003e. https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_Karl_Rupprecht\u0026amp;oldid=215671760.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Parmigianino.\" n.d. The British Museum. Accessed December 4, 2023. https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG41167.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["\"Antonio Maria Zanetti I.\" n.d. The British Museum. Accessed December 4, 2023. https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG51922.","\"Chiaroscuro Woodcut.\" n.d. Elizabeth Harvey-Lee | Print Dealer. Accessed December 4, 2023. https://www.elizabethharvey-lee.com/techniques/colour_relief/chiaroscuro.htm.","\"Chiaroscuro Woodcuts.\" n.d. Royal Collection Trust. Accessed December 4, 2023. https://www.rct.uk/collection/themes/exhibitions/canaletto-and-the-art-of-venice/the-queens-gallery-buckingham-palace/chiaroscuro-woodcuts.","Finefield, Kristi. 2018. \"Renaissance and Baroque Color: Researching Chiaroscuro Woodcuts at the Library of Congress | Picture This.\"  The Library of Congress  (blog). December 13, 2018. //blogs.loc.gov/picturethis/2018/12/renaissance-and-baroque-color-researching-chiaroscuro-woodcuts-at-the-library-of-congress.","\"Friedrich Carl Rupprecht.\" n.d. The British Museum. Accessed December 4, 2023. https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG44514.","\"Friedrich Karl Rupprecht.\" 2021. In  Wikipedia . https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_Karl_Rupprecht\u0026oldid=215671760.","\"Parmigianino.\" n.d. The British Museum. Accessed December 4, 2023. https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG41167."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFriedrich Karl Rupprecht was born in Germany on October 31, 1779. Rupprecht attended high school in Nuremberg and while there became a student of the landscape painter Christoph Froer. Starting in 1799 he studied at the academy in Dresden and began work as an independent artist in 1802 before settling in Bamberg in 1810. A painter and engraver, Rupprecht also revived the chiaroscuro woodcut technique by making prints after Italian artists. Rupprecht fell ill in the summer of 1831 due to unhealthy working conditions during the restoration of the Bamberg Cathedral and passed away on October 25 of that year.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eChiaroscuro woodcut printmaking was developed in Germany and expanded upon in Italy in the early 1500s and is one of the earliest color printing processes. The term \"chiaroscuro\" is a combination of the Italian words for \"chiaro\" meaning light and \"scuro\" meaning shade. Rather than the hand application of color ink to an impression printed in black ink, chiaroscuro woodcuts created images using multiple woodblocks that layered color tones to create the image, traditionally shades of brown, ochre, olive, green, gray, and other earth tones. Interest in the technique waned and had virtually died out by the late 1600s, but a group of Venetian printmakers led to a revival of interest in the 1700s. Antonio Maria Zanetti I (also known as the Elder) is considered one of these key revivers of the chiaroscuro woodcut. Born in 1680, Zanetti began experimenting with the technique in the 1720s by reproducing drawings by Parmigianino (also known as Girolamo Francesco Maria Mazzola), a 16th century Italian painter, etcher, and engraver.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical and Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Friedrich Karl Rupprecht was born in Germany on October 31, 1779. Rupprecht attended high school in Nuremberg and while there became a student of the landscape painter Christoph Froer. Starting in 1799 he studied at the academy in Dresden and began work as an independent artist in 1802 before settling in Bamberg in 1810. A painter and engraver, Rupprecht also revived the chiaroscuro woodcut technique by making prints after Italian artists. Rupprecht fell ill in the summer of 1831 due to unhealthy working conditions during the restoration of the Bamberg Cathedral and passed away on October 25 of that year.","Chiaroscuro woodcut printmaking was developed in Germany and expanded upon in Italy in the early 1500s and is one of the earliest color printing processes. The term \"chiaroscuro\" is a combination of the Italian words for \"chiaro\" meaning light and \"scuro\" meaning shade. Rather than the hand application of color ink to an impression printed in black ink, chiaroscuro woodcuts created images using multiple woodblocks that layered color tones to create the image, traditionally shades of brown, ochre, olive, green, gray, and other earth tones. Interest in the technique waned and had virtually died out by the late 1600s, but a group of Venetian printmakers led to a revival of interest in the 1700s. Antonio Maria Zanetti I (also known as the Elder) is considered one of these key revivers of the chiaroscuro woodcut. Born in 1680, Zanetti began experimenting with the technique in the 1720s by reproducing drawings by Parmigianino (also known as Girolamo Francesco Maria Mazzola), a 16th century Italian painter, etcher, and engraver."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\"Madonna and Child\" print by Friedrich Karl Rupprecht, after Zanetti, after Parmigianino chiaroscuro woodcut, C0418, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["\"Madonna and Child\" print by Friedrich Karl Rupprecht, after Zanetti, after Parmigianino chiaroscuro woodcut, C0418, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in November 2023. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in December 2023.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in November 2023. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in December 2023."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research center holds other woodcut prints and engravings including \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0398\"\u003eNuremberg Chronicle leaf with woodcut illustrations\u003c/a\u003e, and the \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0072\"\u003eBroadus Bailey French Revolution print collection\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division (P\u0026amp;P) holds \u003ca href=\"https://www.loc.gov/rr/print/coll/611_pembroke.html?loclr=blogpic\"\u003eThe Pembroke Album\u003c/a\u003e, a collection of 91 images, primarily chiaroscuro woodcuts by Italian printmakers active in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research center holds other woodcut prints and engravings including  Nuremberg Chronicle leaf with woodcut illustrations , and the  Broadus Bailey French Revolution print collection .","The Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division (P\u0026P) holds  The Pembroke Album , a collection of 91 images, primarily chiaroscuro woodcuts by Italian printmakers active in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFriedrich Karl Rupprecht 19th century printed copy of a chiaroscuro woodcut by Antonio Maria Zanetti I, after a drawing by Parmigianino. Elaborate ink signature on back of print, possibly reading L \u0026amp; L Baskin, dated 1965.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Friedrich Karl Rupprecht 19th century printed copy of a chiaroscuro woodcut by Antonio Maria Zanetti I, after a drawing by Parmigianino. Elaborate ink signature on back of print, possibly reading L \u0026 L Baskin, dated 1965."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePublic Domain. There are no known restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Public Domain. There are no known restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_1675187eaf4b74588fc5ef04b4dbe0ba\"\u003eFriedrich Karl Rupprecht 19th century printed copy of a chiaroscuro woodcut by Antonio Maria Zanetti I, after a drawing by Parmigianino.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Friedrich Karl Rupprecht 19th century printed copy of a chiaroscuro woodcut by Antonio Maria Zanetti I, after a drawing by Parmigianino."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_42275e66ed7e3e3a96c5063892bafa25\"\u003eR 72, C 3, S 6\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["R 72, C 3, S 6"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Rupprecht, Friedrich Karl, 1779-1831","Parmigianino, 1503-1540","Zanetti, Antonio Maria, 1680-1767"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. 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The British Museum. Accessed December 4, 2023. https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG51922.","\"Chiaroscuro Woodcut.\" n.d. Elizabeth Harvey-Lee | Print Dealer. Accessed December 4, 2023. https://www.elizabethharvey-lee.com/techniques/colour_relief/chiaroscuro.htm.","\"Chiaroscuro Woodcuts.\" n.d. Royal Collection Trust. Accessed December 4, 2023. https://www.rct.uk/collection/themes/exhibitions/canaletto-and-the-art-of-venice/the-queens-gallery-buckingham-palace/chiaroscuro-woodcuts.","Finefield, Kristi. 2018. \"Renaissance and Baroque Color: Researching Chiaroscuro Woodcuts at the Library of Congress | Picture This.\"  The Library of Congress  (blog). December 13, 2018. //blogs.loc.gov/picturethis/2018/12/renaissance-and-baroque-color-researching-chiaroscuro-woodcuts-at-the-library-of-congress.","\"Friedrich Carl Rupprecht.\" n.d. The British Museum. Accessed December 4, 2023. https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG44514.","\"Friedrich Karl Rupprecht.\" 2021. In  Wikipedia . https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_Karl_Rupprecht\u0026oldid=215671760.","\"Parmigianino.\" n.d. The British Museum. Accessed December 4, 2023. https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG41167.","Friedrich Karl Rupprecht was born in Germany on October 31, 1779. Rupprecht attended high school in Nuremberg and while there became a student of the landscape painter Christoph Froer. Starting in 1799 he studied at the academy in Dresden and began work as an independent artist in 1802 before settling in Bamberg in 1810. A painter and engraver, Rupprecht also revived the chiaroscuro woodcut technique by making prints after Italian artists. Rupprecht fell ill in the summer of 1831 due to unhealthy working conditions during the restoration of the Bamberg Cathedral and passed away on October 25 of that year.","Chiaroscuro woodcut printmaking was developed in Germany and expanded upon in Italy in the early 1500s and is one of the earliest color printing processes. The term \"chiaroscuro\" is a combination of the Italian words for \"chiaro\" meaning light and \"scuro\" meaning shade. Rather than the hand application of color ink to an impression printed in black ink, chiaroscuro woodcuts created images using multiple woodblocks that layered color tones to create the image, traditionally shades of brown, ochre, olive, green, gray, and other earth tones. Interest in the technique waned and had virtually died out by the late 1600s, but a group of Venetian printmakers led to a revival of interest in the 1700s. Antonio Maria Zanetti I (also known as the Elder) is considered one of these key revivers of the chiaroscuro woodcut. 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There are no known restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased by SCRC from the Book Press, Ltd. in February 2017."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Art","Chiaroscuro","Christian art and symbolism","Christian art and symbolism -- Germany -- Modern period, 1500-","Wood engravings"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Art","Chiaroscuro","Christian art and symbolism","Christian art and symbolism -- Germany -- Modern period, 1500-","Wood engravings"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".01 Linear Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":[".01 Linear Feet 1 folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Wood engravings"],"date_range_isim":[1822],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis is a single item collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This is a single item collection."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\"Antonio Maria Zanetti I.\" n.d. The British Museum. Accessed December 4, 2023. https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG51922.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Chiaroscuro Woodcut.\" n.d. Elizabeth Harvey-Lee | Print Dealer. Accessed December 4, 2023. https://www.elizabethharvey-lee.com/techniques/colour_relief/chiaroscuro.htm.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Chiaroscuro Woodcuts.\" n.d. Royal Collection Trust. Accessed December 4, 2023. https://www.rct.uk/collection/themes/exhibitions/canaletto-and-the-art-of-venice/the-queens-gallery-buckingham-palace/chiaroscuro-woodcuts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFinefield, Kristi. 2018. \"Renaissance and Baroque Color: Researching Chiaroscuro Woodcuts at the Library of Congress | Picture This.\" \u003cemphp\u003eThe Library of Congress\u003c/emphp\u003e (blog). December 13, 2018. //blogs.loc.gov/picturethis/2018/12/renaissance-and-baroque-color-researching-chiaroscuro-woodcuts-at-the-library-of-congress.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Friedrich Carl Rupprecht.\" n.d. The British Museum. Accessed December 4, 2023. https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG44514.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Friedrich Karl Rupprecht.\" 2021. In \u003cemph\u003eWikipedia\u003c/emph\u003e. https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_Karl_Rupprecht\u0026amp;oldid=215671760.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Parmigianino.\" n.d. The British Museum. Accessed December 4, 2023. https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG41167.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["\"Antonio Maria Zanetti I.\" n.d. The British Museum. Accessed December 4, 2023. https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG51922.","\"Chiaroscuro Woodcut.\" n.d. Elizabeth Harvey-Lee | Print Dealer. Accessed December 4, 2023. https://www.elizabethharvey-lee.com/techniques/colour_relief/chiaroscuro.htm.","\"Chiaroscuro Woodcuts.\" n.d. Royal Collection Trust. Accessed December 4, 2023. https://www.rct.uk/collection/themes/exhibitions/canaletto-and-the-art-of-venice/the-queens-gallery-buckingham-palace/chiaroscuro-woodcuts.","Finefield, Kristi. 2018. \"Renaissance and Baroque Color: Researching Chiaroscuro Woodcuts at the Library of Congress | Picture This.\"  The Library of Congress  (blog). December 13, 2018. //blogs.loc.gov/picturethis/2018/12/renaissance-and-baroque-color-researching-chiaroscuro-woodcuts-at-the-library-of-congress.","\"Friedrich Carl Rupprecht.\" n.d. The British Museum. Accessed December 4, 2023. https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG44514.","\"Friedrich Karl Rupprecht.\" 2021. In  Wikipedia . https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_Karl_Rupprecht\u0026oldid=215671760.","\"Parmigianino.\" n.d. The British Museum. Accessed December 4, 2023. https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG41167."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFriedrich Karl Rupprecht was born in Germany on October 31, 1779. Rupprecht attended high school in Nuremberg and while there became a student of the landscape painter Christoph Froer. Starting in 1799 he studied at the academy in Dresden and began work as an independent artist in 1802 before settling in Bamberg in 1810. A painter and engraver, Rupprecht also revived the chiaroscuro woodcut technique by making prints after Italian artists. Rupprecht fell ill in the summer of 1831 due to unhealthy working conditions during the restoration of the Bamberg Cathedral and passed away on October 25 of that year.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eChiaroscuro woodcut printmaking was developed in Germany and expanded upon in Italy in the early 1500s and is one of the earliest color printing processes. The term \"chiaroscuro\" is a combination of the Italian words for \"chiaro\" meaning light and \"scuro\" meaning shade. Rather than the hand application of color ink to an impression printed in black ink, chiaroscuro woodcuts created images using multiple woodblocks that layered color tones to create the image, traditionally shades of brown, ochre, olive, green, gray, and other earth tones. Interest in the technique waned and had virtually died out by the late 1600s, but a group of Venetian printmakers led to a revival of interest in the 1700s. Antonio Maria Zanetti I (also known as the Elder) is considered one of these key revivers of the chiaroscuro woodcut. Born in 1680, Zanetti began experimenting with the technique in the 1720s by reproducing drawings by Parmigianino (also known as Girolamo Francesco Maria Mazzola), a 16th century Italian painter, etcher, and engraver.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical and Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Friedrich Karl Rupprecht was born in Germany on October 31, 1779. Rupprecht attended high school in Nuremberg and while there became a student of the landscape painter Christoph Froer. Starting in 1799 he studied at the academy in Dresden and began work as an independent artist in 1802 before settling in Bamberg in 1810. A painter and engraver, Rupprecht also revived the chiaroscuro woodcut technique by making prints after Italian artists. Rupprecht fell ill in the summer of 1831 due to unhealthy working conditions during the restoration of the Bamberg Cathedral and passed away on October 25 of that year.","Chiaroscuro woodcut printmaking was developed in Germany and expanded upon in Italy in the early 1500s and is one of the earliest color printing processes. The term \"chiaroscuro\" is a combination of the Italian words for \"chiaro\" meaning light and \"scuro\" meaning shade. Rather than the hand application of color ink to an impression printed in black ink, chiaroscuro woodcuts created images using multiple woodblocks that layered color tones to create the image, traditionally shades of brown, ochre, olive, green, gray, and other earth tones. Interest in the technique waned and had virtually died out by the late 1600s, but a group of Venetian printmakers led to a revival of interest in the 1700s. Antonio Maria Zanetti I (also known as the Elder) is considered one of these key revivers of the chiaroscuro woodcut. Born in 1680, Zanetti began experimenting with the technique in the 1720s by reproducing drawings by Parmigianino (also known as Girolamo Francesco Maria Mazzola), a 16th century Italian painter, etcher, and engraver."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\"Madonna and Child\" print by Friedrich Karl Rupprecht, after Zanetti, after Parmigianino chiaroscuro woodcut, C0418, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["\"Madonna and Child\" print by Friedrich Karl Rupprecht, after Zanetti, after Parmigianino chiaroscuro woodcut, C0418, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in November 2023. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in December 2023.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in November 2023. Finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in December 2023."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research center holds other woodcut prints and engravings including \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0398\"\u003eNuremberg Chronicle leaf with woodcut illustrations\u003c/a\u003e, and the \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0072\"\u003eBroadus Bailey French Revolution print collection\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division (P\u0026amp;P) holds \u003ca href=\"https://www.loc.gov/rr/print/coll/611_pembroke.html?loclr=blogpic\"\u003eThe Pembroke Album\u003c/a\u003e, a collection of 91 images, primarily chiaroscuro woodcuts by Italian printmakers active in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research center holds other woodcut prints and engravings including  Nuremberg Chronicle leaf with woodcut illustrations , and the  Broadus Bailey French Revolution print collection .","The Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division (P\u0026P) holds  The Pembroke Album , a collection of 91 images, primarily chiaroscuro woodcuts by Italian printmakers active in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFriedrich Karl Rupprecht 19th century printed copy of a chiaroscuro woodcut by Antonio Maria Zanetti I, after a drawing by Parmigianino. Elaborate ink signature on back of print, possibly reading L \u0026amp; L Baskin, dated 1965.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Friedrich Karl Rupprecht 19th century printed copy of a chiaroscuro woodcut by Antonio Maria Zanetti I, after a drawing by Parmigianino. Elaborate ink signature on back of print, possibly reading L \u0026 L Baskin, dated 1965."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePublic Domain. There are no known restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Public Domain. There are no known restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_1675187eaf4b74588fc5ef04b4dbe0ba\"\u003eFriedrich Karl Rupprecht 19th century printed copy of a chiaroscuro woodcut by Antonio Maria Zanetti I, after a drawing by Parmigianino.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Friedrich Karl Rupprecht 19th century printed copy of a chiaroscuro woodcut by Antonio Maria Zanetti I, after a drawing by Parmigianino."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_42275e66ed7e3e3a96c5063892bafa25\"\u003eR 72, C 3, S 6\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["R 72, C 3, S 6"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Rupprecht, Friedrich Karl, 1779-1831","Parmigianino, 1503-1540","Zanetti, Antonio Maria, 1680-1767"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"names_coll_ssim":["Parmigianino, 1503-1540","Rupprecht, Friedrich Karl, 1779-1831","Zanetti, Antonio Maria, 1680-1767"],"persname_ssim":["Rupprecht, Friedrich Karl, 1779-1831","Parmigianino, 1503-1540","Zanetti, Antonio Maria, 1680-1767"],"language_ssim":["German \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T05:12:15.885Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_692"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_144","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Northern Virginia Civil War images collection","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_144#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_144#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The collection contains images and maps depicting Northern Virginia. A majority of the images are contemporary illustrations of the Civil War in Virginia. Formats include wood engravings, steel engravings, lithographs, chromolithographs, and a manuscript.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_144#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_144","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_144","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_144","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_144","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_144.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Northern Virginia Civil War images collection","title_ssm":["Northern Virginia Civil War images collection"],"title_tesim":["Northern Virginia Civil War images collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1853-1914"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1853-1914"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0150","/repositories/2/resources/144"],"text":["C0150","/repositories/2/resources/144","Northern Virginia Civil War images collection","Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern -- History","Maps","Lithography","Chromolithography","Wood engravings","Steel engravings","There are no access restrictions.","This collection is arranged by locality of primary image.","The Illustrated London News was one of the first newspapers to employ wood engravings on a wide scale. One of its artists was Frank Vizetelly (1830-1883); he covered the Civil War for British readers. Early on, he illustrated the war from the Union side but was later allowed to draw from the Confederate side. Artists like Vizetelly sometimes did more than draw, though. He acted as a messenger for Confederate General James Longstreet at the battle of Chickamauga. Vizetelly was also a staff aide for the Confederates at the battle of Fredericksburg and was present at Charleston, South Carolina, when it was besieged. Because of such personal involvement by artists, many engravings were not made by detached observers, but by active participants in history unfolding.","Frank Leslie (1821-1880) was another artist who began his career as an engraver in 1842 and eventually published his own newspaper, which he titled, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper. The newspaper also covered the Civil War. Leslie used a large number of illustrations in his newspaper to increase circulation. Images from Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper are well represented in Northern Virginia Images Collection, including several images from the German language edition of the newspaper.","Another popular periodical of the time was Harper's Weekly. It first appeared in 1857 and became one of the most important and influential periodicals in nineteenth century America, notably during the Civil War. Two prominent artists for Harper's Weekly during this period were Alfred Waud (1828-1891) and Thomas Nast (1840-1902). Engravings by both are included in Northern Virginia Images Collection. Waud was primarily assigned to the eastern front and covered the war from the Battle of First Manassas to the Confederacy's surrender at Appomattox Court House. Thomas Nast (who later became famous for creating the roly- poly figure in red we now know as Santa Claus) worked largely in New York for most of the war. One of the major exceptions to this was when he spent time in the Union camp during the Battle of Gettysburg. Nast's sympathies were for the Union side, which, naturally, bothered Southerners, who often sent threatening letters to Nast at the Harper's Weekly office. By and large, The Illustrated London News, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, and Harper's Weekly illustrated the Civil War from the Northern point-of-view.","Many of today's Northern Virginia residents only know the area as a population outgrowth of Washington, D.C. Despite this cosmopolitan reputation, it was largely farm country at the time of the Civil War through World War II. Few realize that the area was the frequent battleground for large contending forces. Yet, many of the areas that are depicted in the images still exist today but under much different circumstances. Some of the areas included in these images have undergone radical cultural changes as well. An Islamic Mosque now occupies Munson Hill, which Confederate forces occupied under General J.E.B. Stuart during early days of the war.","Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed in February 2009 by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty. EAD updated by Greta Kuriger in July 2011.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds the  , the  , and the WRLC digital collection  . The   is available for GMU affiliated researchers.","The collection consists of nearly 200 images on various historical subjects in a variety of formats, including wood engravings, steel engravings, lithographs, chromolithographs, maps, and manuscripts. Most of the images depict battles and maps of the Civil War. The maps include the cities of Arlington and Alexandria and the counties of Fairfax, Loudoun and Prince William. Columbia Pike, Chain Bridge, Long Bridge, the Little River Turnpike, Centreville and Manassas all existed at the time of the Civil War and all of them are represented or referenced in these images. ","Most of the Civil War images are from three periodicals: The Illustrated London News, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, and Harper's Weekly. They are primarily wood engravings, several of which are hand colored. Though wood engraving was invented as an illustrative technique in the 1790s, it was the later appearance of the mass illustrated newspaper that took advantage of the technique to appeal to a wide readership.","Although pictorial images comprise the majority of images in the collection, there are also numerous maps, most of which were produced by lithography. A number were produced for military purposes and employed by both the North and South alike. Maps made during the Civil War were often exceedingly accurate; their usefulness carried on into the twentieth century.","The Pictorial Battles of the Civil War","Harper's Weekly","The Soldier in Our Civil War","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition]","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","by Charles Magnus","by Charles Magnus","by Charles Magnus","by Charles Magnus","by Charles Magnus","by Charles Magnus","by Charles Magnus","by Charles Magnus","by Charles Magnus","by Charles Magnus","by Charles Magnus","by Charles Magnus","The Illustrated London News","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","The Civil War in the United States","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","The Illustrated London News","Harper's Weekly","Journal Article with Print Reproductions","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","by A. Waud; Pictorial Battles of the Civil War","by A. Waud; Pictorial Battles of the Civil War","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition]","The Illustrated London News","by the Alexandria Chamber of Commerce; City Brochure with Photographs and Map","The Soldier in our Civil War","The Illustrated London News","Harper's New Monthly Magazine, No. XL - Vol. VII","The Soldier in Our Civil War","by Charles Graham; Harper's Weekly","by Bell; Harper's Weekly","by Bell; Harper's Weekly","by Bell; Harper's Weekly","by Bell; Harper's Weekly","by Bell; Harper's Weekly","by National Photo Co.","Picturesque Washington","by Bell; Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Published by The Gray Line Sight Seeing Tours","Published by B. S. Reynolds Co.","Published by the Post Exchange, Fort Myer, VA.","Pictorial History of the War of 1861","Pictorial History of the War of 1861","The Civil War in the United States","Harper's Weekly","by A. Waud; The New-York Illustrated News","Harper's Weekly","The Illustrated London News","The Illustrated London News","By J. Becker; Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","Harper's Pictorial History of the Civil War","The Illustrated London News","The Illustrated London News","by Mr. Forbes; Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [same image as 7.8 in folder 9]","Pictorial History of the War of 1861 [same image as 7.7 in folder 9]","by Edwin Forbes; Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Harper's Pictorial History of the Civil War","Harper's Pictorial History of the Civil War","Harper's Pictorial History of the Civil War","Same image as 20.9 in folder 10","by Edwin Forbes; The Soldier in Our Civil War","Same image as 3.4 in folder 10","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","By A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","The Civil War in the United States","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition]","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","by Mr. Mead; Harper's Weekly","Harper's Weekly","On the Shenandoah and the Chickahominy","The Illustrated London News","The Illustrated London News","The Illustrated London News, 2 prints","The Illustrated London News","The Illustrated London News","Pictorial Battles of the Civil War","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","The Youths' History of he United States","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Pictorial History of the War of 1861","by Edwin Forbes","The Soldier in Our Civil War","The Illustrated London News","The Illustrated London News","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Harper's Weekly","The Illustrated London News","by W. Peters; Harper's Weekly","Pictorial War Record","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition]","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition]","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition]","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition]","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","Harper's Weekly","by T.R. Davis; Harper's Weekly","by H. Lovie; The Soldier in Our Civil War","by Walter A. Lane; The Soldier in Our Civil War","by Henry Lovie; The Soldier in Our Civil War","by H. Lovie; The Soldier in Our Civil War","The Soldier in Our Civil War","Harper's Weekly","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly [Same image as 3.12 in folder 18]","The Illustrated London News","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly [Same image as 3.10 in folder 18]","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","Harper's Weekly [same image as 20.6 in folder 20]","Harper's Weekly [same image as 20.5 in folder 20]","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Loudon County","Harper's Weekly","The Illustrated London News","The Illustrated London News","Harper's Weekly [Same as image 2.21B and 2.21C in folder 26]","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly [Same image as 2.20A in folder 26]","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","The Illustrated London News","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","The Soldier in Our Civil War [Same image as 2.32A in folder 26]","The Soldier in our Civil War [Same image as 2.32B in folder 26]","by Edwin Forbes; The Soldier in Our Civil War","The Soldier in Our Civil War","Harper's History of the Great Rebellion","Harper's Weekly","Harper's Weekly","by Edwin Forbes; The Civil War in the United States","by Edwin Forbes; The Civil War in the United States","Harper's Weekly","Harper's Weekly","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Harper's Weekly [Same image as 2.31 in folder 26]","Harper's Weekly","Harper's Weekly","by Allen C. Redwood; Journal Article with Print Reproductions","by John Pope; Journal Article with Print Reproductions","by W. Momberger and J. C. McRae; Abbotts Civil War","by Penfield","by Mr. Edwin Forbes","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition]","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","Harper's Weekly","by Mr. Davenport; Harper's Weekly [Same image as 2.34 in folder 26]","The Illustrated London News","by Penfield; Harper's Weekly","Harper's Weekly","by F. O. C. Darley and W. Ridgway","by P. Meeder","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition]","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition]","by Edwin Forbes; Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Harper's Weekly [Same image as 2.12A in folder 26]","The Soldier in Our Civil War [Same image as 2.2A in folder 26]","The Soldier in our Civil War [Same image as 2.2B in folder 26]","Harper's Weekly","by Mr. Davenport; Harper's Weekly [Same image as 2.22 in folder 26]","Harper's Weekly","Harper's Weekly [Same image as 2.5A in folder 26]","By Edwin Forbes; The Civil War in the United States","by Currier and Ives","by Fisk and Russell; History of the Great Rebellion","The Civil War","Civil War in America/ War and Its Horrors","by M. D. McAlester","by Julius Bien and Co.","History of the Great Rebellion","Civil War in America, War and Its Horrors","by Capt. W. Angelo Powell","Harper's History of the Great Rebellion","by P. W. O. Koerner","by Maj. N. Michler","Harper's Weekly","by Andrew B. Graham Photo-Litho","by Rand McNally and Co.; Commercial Atlas","Rand McNally","Rand McNally","by the Geological Survey; U.S. Geological Survey","by the Geological Survey; U.S. Geological Survey","American Automobile Association","by L. L. Poates","History of the United States","Operations in Northeastern Virginia","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Harper's History of the Great Rebellion","by J. J. Young and W. Hesselbach; Surveys for Military Defenses, Sheet 1","by J. J. Young and W. Hesselbach; Surveys for Military Defenses, Sheet 2","by J. J. Young and W. Hesselbach; Surveys for Military Defenses, Sheet 2","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Eng. 2d Corps","Top Eng. 2d Corps","Top Engr. V.D.","Top Eng. V.D.","Top Eng. V.D.","Top Eng. A.V.D.","Top Eng. A.V.D.","Top Eng. A.V.D.","Top Engr. V.D.","by J. J. Young","by W. G. Atkinson","by Brig. Gen. D.P. Woodbury","by Brig. Gen. G.K. Warren","by Capt. W. Angelo Powell","Julius Bien and Co.","Julius Bien and Co.","Julius Bien and Co.","Julius Bien and Co.","Julius Bien and Co.","Julius Bien and Co.","Julius Bien and Co.","Julius Bien and Co.","Julius Bien and Co.","Julius Bien and Co.","Julius Bien and Co.","by John Pilsen; Julius Bien and Co.","by Franz Kappner; Julius Bien and Co.","by the geological Survey; U.S. Geological Survey","by the Geological Survey; U.S. Geological Survey","by the Geological Survey; U.S. Geological Survey","by A. Maedel, H. S. Barnard and A. Peterson; Survey of the Coast of the United States, Coast Survey Office","The Civil War","by Waters-Son N.Y.","by G. Woolworth Oolton N.Y.","by William J. Wilson","by Charles Magnus","by Fisk and Russell N.Y.","The Soldier in Our Civil War","Harper's Pictorial History of the Civil War","By Walker \u0026 Boutall","Harper's History of the Great Rebellion","Newspaper","The Illustrated London News","by Mr. Anton Kellner; Harper's Weekly","by Mr. Davenport; Harper's Weekly","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","The New-York Illustrated News","by J. E. Taylor; Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","by J. E. Taylor; Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Harper's Pictorial History of the Civil War","by J. Lansing and R. P. Johnson; Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","by James Lansing; Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","by Col. Battersby; Harper's Weekly","by R. F. Zogbaum; Harper's Weekly","By Edwin Forbes; The Civil War in the United States","By Edwin Forbes; The Civil War in the United States [Same image as 20.39 in folder 33]","The Soldier in Our Civil War","by Edwin Forbes; The Soldier in Our Civil War","by Edwin Forbes; The Soldier in Our Civil War","Ballou's Pictorial Drawing-Room Companion","Harpers Weekly","Ballou's Pictorial","The Soldier in our Civil War","The Illustrated London News [Same image as 20.12 in folder 33]","By Edwin Forbes; The Civil War in the United States [Same image as 20.28 in folder 33]","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition]","The Illustrated London News","Harper's Weekly","Pictorial Battles of the Civil War","Pictorial History of the War of 1861 [same image as 6.17A in folder 35]","Pictorial History of the War of 1861 [same image as 6.17B in folder 35]","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [same image as 6.9A in folder 35]","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [same image as 6.9B in folder 35]","Pictorial War Record","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [same image as 1.12]","The Illustrated London News [same image as 1.6 in folder 37]","The Illustrated London News","The Illustrated London News [same image as 1.3 in folder 37]","The Illustrated London News [same image as 1.1 in folder 37]","The Illustrated London News [same image as unnumbered in folder 37]","The Illustrated London News","The Illustrated London News [same image as unnumbered in folder 37]","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Picturesque America","Picturesque America","The Illustrated London News [same image as unnumbered in folder 37]","by E. S. Hall; Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Harper's Weekly","by Wm. L. Sheppard; Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Harper's History of the Great Rebellion","Harper's History of the Great Rebellion","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [2 copies]","The New York Illustrated News","by A. R. Waud; Pictorial War Record","By A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","Harper's Weekly","Harper's Weekly","Harper's Weekly","Harper's Weekly","by A. R. Waud; The Pictorial Battles of the Civil War","by Johnson and Ward","by Julius Bien and Co.","by Johnson and Ward","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Engineer Department. U.S. Army","Engineer Department. U.S. Army","The Illustrated London News","by Mr. Davenport; Harper's Weekly","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","Harper's Weekly [2 copies]","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition]","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","by Charles Sholt [?]; Harper's Weekly","by H. Lovie; The Soldier in Our Civil War","by Gilbert Gaul; Harpers Weekly","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","by H. Lovie; The Soldier in Our Civil War","The Soldier in Our Civil War","The Soldier in Our Civil War","The Confederate Soldier in the Civil War","[same image as 19.2A]","[same image as 19.2B]","The Civil War in the United States [same image as 19.1A]","The Civil War in the United States [same image as 19.1B]","By E. Forbes; Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","by Sol Eytinge; Harper's Weekly","Harper's Weekly","Harper's Weekly [same image as 15.4 in folder 46]","Harper's Weekly [same image as 15.3 in folder 46]","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","By Mr. Theodore R. Davis; Harper's Weekly","The Illustrated London News","The Illustrated London News","by E. F. Mullen; Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Harper's Weekly","The Soldier in Our Civil War [same image as 5.7 in folder 48]","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition][same image as 5.6 in folder 48]","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","The Soldier in Our Civil War","Harper's Weekly (supplement)","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","By Gen. Barnard; Defenses of Washington","By Gen. Barnard; Defenses of Washington","Cassell's Illustrated History of England","Harper's Weekly","Harper's Weekly","Public domain. There are no known restrictions.","The collection contains images and maps depicting Northern Virginia. A majority of the images are contemporary illustrations of the Civil War in Virginia. Formats include wood engravings, steel engravings, lithographs, chromolithographs, and a manuscript.","Map Case 11.5, 23.5-24.5","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","English"],"unitid_tesim":["C0150","/repositories/2/resources/144"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Northern Virginia Civil War images collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Northern Virginia Civil War images collection"],"collection_ssim":["Northern Virginia Civil War images collection"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern -- History"],"creator_ssm":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creator_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"places_ssim":["Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern -- History"],"access_terms_ssm":["Public domain. There are no known restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased by Special Collections and Archives in 1997-2005 from Prints Old and Rare."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Maps","Lithography","Chromolithography","Wood engravings","Steel engravings"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Maps","Lithography","Chromolithography","Wood engravings","Steel engravings"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["3 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Wood engravings","Steel engravings"],"date_range_isim":[1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged by locality of primary image.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged by locality of primary image."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News was one of the first newspapers to employ wood engravings on a wide scale. One of its artists was Frank Vizetelly (1830-1883); he covered the Civil War for British readers. Early on, he illustrated the war from the Union side but was later allowed to draw from the Confederate side. Artists like Vizetelly sometimes did more than draw, though. He acted as a messenger for Confederate General James Longstreet at the battle of Chickamauga. Vizetelly was also a staff aide for the Confederates at the battle of Fredericksburg and was present at Charleston, South Carolina, when it was besieged. Because of such personal involvement by artists, many engravings were not made by detached observers, but by active participants in history unfolding.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie (1821-1880) was another artist who began his career as an engraver in 1842 and eventually published his own newspaper, which he titled, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper. The newspaper also covered the Civil War. Leslie used a large number of illustrations in his newspaper to increase circulation. Images from Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper are well represented in Northern Virginia Images Collection, including several images from the German language edition of the newspaper.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAnother popular periodical of the time was Harper's Weekly. It first appeared in 1857 and became one of the most important and influential periodicals in nineteenth century America, notably during the Civil War. Two prominent artists for Harper's Weekly during this period were Alfred Waud (1828-1891) and Thomas Nast (1840-1902). Engravings by both are included in Northern Virginia Images Collection. Waud was primarily assigned to the eastern front and covered the war from the Battle of First Manassas to the Confederacy's surrender at Appomattox Court House. Thomas Nast (who later became famous for creating the roly- poly figure in red we now know as Santa Claus) worked largely in New York for most of the war. One of the major exceptions to this was when he spent time in the Union camp during the Battle of Gettysburg. Nast's sympathies were for the Union side, which, naturally, bothered Southerners, who often sent threatening letters to Nast at the Harper's Weekly office. By and large, The Illustrated London News, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, and Harper's Weekly illustrated the Civil War from the Northern point-of-view.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMany of today's Northern Virginia residents only know the area as a population outgrowth of Washington, D.C. Despite this cosmopolitan reputation, it was largely farm country at the time of the Civil War through World War II. Few realize that the area was the frequent battleground for large contending forces. Yet, many of the areas that are depicted in the images still exist today but under much different circumstances. Some of the areas included in these images have undergone radical cultural changes as well. An Islamic Mosque now occupies Munson Hill, which Confederate forces occupied under General J.E.B. Stuart during early days of the war.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Illustrated London News was one of the first newspapers to employ wood engravings on a wide scale. One of its artists was Frank Vizetelly (1830-1883); he covered the Civil War for British readers. Early on, he illustrated the war from the Union side but was later allowed to draw from the Confederate side. Artists like Vizetelly sometimes did more than draw, though. He acted as a messenger for Confederate General James Longstreet at the battle of Chickamauga. Vizetelly was also a staff aide for the Confederates at the battle of Fredericksburg and was present at Charleston, South Carolina, when it was besieged. Because of such personal involvement by artists, many engravings were not made by detached observers, but by active participants in history unfolding.","Frank Leslie (1821-1880) was another artist who began his career as an engraver in 1842 and eventually published his own newspaper, which he titled, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper. The newspaper also covered the Civil War. Leslie used a large number of illustrations in his newspaper to increase circulation. Images from Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper are well represented in Northern Virginia Images Collection, including several images from the German language edition of the newspaper.","Another popular periodical of the time was Harper's Weekly. It first appeared in 1857 and became one of the most important and influential periodicals in nineteenth century America, notably during the Civil War. Two prominent artists for Harper's Weekly during this period were Alfred Waud (1828-1891) and Thomas Nast (1840-1902). Engravings by both are included in Northern Virginia Images Collection. Waud was primarily assigned to the eastern front and covered the war from the Battle of First Manassas to the Confederacy's surrender at Appomattox Court House. Thomas Nast (who later became famous for creating the roly- poly figure in red we now know as Santa Claus) worked largely in New York for most of the war. One of the major exceptions to this was when he spent time in the Union camp during the Battle of Gettysburg. Nast's sympathies were for the Union side, which, naturally, bothered Southerners, who often sent threatening letters to Nast at the Harper's Weekly office. By and large, The Illustrated London News, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, and Harper's Weekly illustrated the Civil War from the Northern point-of-view.","Many of today's Northern Virginia residents only know the area as a population outgrowth of Washington, D.C. Despite this cosmopolitan reputation, it was largely farm country at the time of the Civil War through World War II. Few realize that the area was the frequent battleground for large contending forces. Yet, many of the areas that are depicted in the images still exist today but under much different circumstances. Some of the areas included in these images have undergone radical cultural changes as well. An Islamic Mosque now occupies Munson Hill, which Confederate forces occupied under General J.E.B. Stuart during early days of the war."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNorthern Virginia Civil War images collection, C0150, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Northern Virginia Civil War images collection, C0150, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed in February 2009 by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty. EAD updated by Greta Kuriger in July 2011.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed in February 2009 by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty. EAD updated by Greta Kuriger in July 2011."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Alexander Haight family collection\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0159\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Milton Barnes papers\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0065\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, and the WRLC digital collection \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Virginia Civil War Archive\" href=\"http://www.aladin.wrlc.org/gsdl/collect/vacw/vacw.shtml\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e. The \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"digital version of Harper's Weekly\" href=\"http://app.harpweek.com/\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e is available for GMU affiliated researchers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center also holds the  , the  , and the WRLC digital collection  . The   is available for GMU affiliated researchers."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of nearly 200 images on various historical subjects in a variety of formats, including wood engravings, steel engravings, lithographs, chromolithographs, maps, and manuscripts. Most of the images depict battles and maps of the Civil War. The maps include the cities of Arlington and Alexandria and the counties of Fairfax, Loudoun and Prince William. Columbia Pike, Chain Bridge, Long Bridge, the Little River Turnpike, Centreville and Manassas all existed at the time of the Civil War and all of them are represented or referenced in these images. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMost of the Civil War images are from three periodicals: The Illustrated London News, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, and Harper's Weekly. They are primarily wood engravings, several of which are hand colored. Though wood engraving was invented as an illustrative technique in the 1790s, it was the later appearance of the mass illustrated newspaper that took advantage of the technique to appeal to a wide readership.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlthough pictorial images comprise the majority of images in the collection, there are also numerous maps, most of which were produced by lithography. A number were produced for military purposes and employed by both the North and South alike. Maps made during the Civil War were often exceedingly accurate; their usefulness carried on into the twentieth century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Pictorial Battles of the Civil War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Soldier in Our Civil War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Charles Magnus\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Charles Magnus\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Charles Magnus\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Charles Magnus\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Charles Magnus\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Charles Magnus\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Charles Magnus\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Charles Magnus\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Charles Magnus\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Charles Magnus\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Charles Magnus\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Charles Magnus\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Civil War in the United States\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJournal Article with Print Reproductions\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby A. Waud; Pictorial Battles of the Civil War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby A. Waud; Pictorial Battles of the Civil War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby the Alexandria Chamber of Commerce; City Brochure with Photographs and Map\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Soldier in our Civil War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's New Monthly Magazine, No. XL - Vol. VII\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Soldier in Our Civil War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Charles Graham; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Bell; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Bell; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Bell; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Bell; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Bell; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby National Photo Co.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePicturesque Washington\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Bell; Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePublished by The Gray Line Sight Seeing Tours\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePublished by B. S. Reynolds Co.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePublished by the Post Exchange, Fort Myer, VA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePictorial History of the War of 1861\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePictorial History of the War of 1861\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Civil War in the United States\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby A. Waud; The New-York Illustrated News\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy J. Becker; Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Pictorial History of the Civil War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Mr. Forbes; Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [same image as 7.8 in folder 9]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePictorial History of the War of 1861 [same image as 7.7 in folder 9]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Edwin Forbes; Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Pictorial History of the Civil War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Pictorial History of the Civil War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Pictorial History of the Civil War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSame image as 20.9 in folder 10\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Edwin Forbes; The Soldier in Our Civil War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSame image as 3.4 in folder 10\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Civil War in the United States\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Mr. Mead; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn the Shenandoah and the Chickahominy\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News, 2 prints\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePictorial Battles of the Civil War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Youths' History of he United States\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePictorial History of the War of 1861\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Edwin Forbes\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Soldier in Our Civil War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby W. Peters; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePictorial War Record\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby T.R. Davis; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby H. Lovie; The Soldier in Our Civil War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Walter A. Lane; The Soldier in Our Civil War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Henry Lovie; The Soldier in Our Civil War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby H. Lovie; The Soldier in Our Civil War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Soldier in Our Civil War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly [Same image as 3.12 in folder 18]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly [Same image as 3.10 in folder 18]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Weekly [same image as 20.6 in folder 20]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Weekly [same image as 20.5 in folder 20]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLoudon County\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Weekly [Same as image 2.21B and 2.21C in folder 26]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly [Same image as 2.20A in folder 26]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Soldier in Our Civil War [Same image as 2.32A in folder 26]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Soldier in our Civil War [Same image as 2.32B in folder 26]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Edwin Forbes; The Soldier in Our Civil War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Soldier in Our Civil War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's History of the Great Rebellion\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Edwin Forbes; The Civil War in the United States\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Edwin Forbes; The Civil War in the United States\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Weekly [Same image as 2.31 in folder 26]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Allen C. Redwood; Journal Article with Print Reproductions\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby John Pope; Journal Article with Print Reproductions\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby W. Momberger and J. C. McRae; Abbotts Civil War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Penfield\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Mr. Edwin Forbes\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Mr. Davenport; Harper's Weekly [Same image as 2.34 in folder 26]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Penfield; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby F. O. C. Darley and W. Ridgway\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby P. Meeder\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Edwin Forbes; Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Weekly [Same image as 2.12A in folder 26]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Soldier in Our Civil War [Same image as 2.2A in folder 26]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Soldier in our Civil War [Same image as 2.2B in folder 26]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Mr. Davenport; Harper's Weekly [Same image as 2.22 in folder 26]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Weekly [Same image as 2.5A in folder 26]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy Edwin Forbes; The Civil War in the United States\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Currier and Ives\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Fisk and Russell; History of the Great Rebellion\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Civil War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCivil War in America/ War and Its Horrors\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby M. D. McAlester\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Julius Bien and Co.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHistory of the Great Rebellion\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCivil War in America, War and Its Horrors\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Capt. W. Angelo Powell\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's History of the Great Rebellion\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby P. W. O. Koerner\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Maj. N. Michler\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Andrew B. Graham Photo-Litho\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Rand McNally and Co.; Commercial Atlas\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRand McNally\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRand McNally\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby the Geological Survey; U.S. Geological Survey\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby the Geological Survey; U.S. Geological Survey\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmerican Automobile Association\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby L. L. Poates\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHistory of the United States\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOperations in Northeastern Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's History of the Great Rebellion\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby J. J. Young and W. Hesselbach; Surveys for Military Defenses, Sheet 1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby J. J. Young and W. Hesselbach; Surveys for Military Defenses, Sheet 2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby J. J. Young and W. Hesselbach; Surveys for Military Defenses, Sheet 2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTop Engr. Office, V.D.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTop Engr. Office, V.D.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTop Engr. Office, V.D.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTop Engr. Office, V.D.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTop Engr. Office, V.D.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTop Engr. Office, V.D.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTop Engr. Office, V.D.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTop Engr. Office, V.D.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTop Engr. Office, V.D.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTop Engr. Office, V.D.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTop Engr. Office, V.D.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTop Engr. Office, V.D.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTop Engr. Office, V.D.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTop Engr. Office, V.D.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTop Eng. 2d Corps\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTop Eng. 2d Corps\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTop Engr. V.D.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTop Eng. V.D.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTop Eng. V.D.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTop Eng. A.V.D.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTop Eng. A.V.D.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTop Eng. A.V.D.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTop Engr. V.D.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby J. J. Young\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby W. G. Atkinson\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Brig. Gen. D.P. Woodbury\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Brig. Gen. G.K. Warren\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Capt. W. Angelo Powell\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJulius Bien and Co.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJulius Bien and Co.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJulius Bien and Co.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJulius Bien and Co.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJulius Bien and Co.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJulius Bien and Co.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJulius Bien and Co.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJulius Bien and Co.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJulius Bien and Co.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJulius Bien and Co.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJulius Bien and Co.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby John Pilsen; Julius Bien and Co.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Franz Kappner; Julius Bien and Co.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby the geological Survey; U.S. Geological Survey\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby the Geological Survey; U.S. Geological Survey\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby the Geological Survey; U.S. Geological Survey\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby A. Maedel, H. S. Barnard and A. Peterson; Survey of the Coast of the United States, Coast Survey Office\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Civil War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Waters-Son N.Y.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby G. Woolworth Oolton N.Y.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby William J. Wilson\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Charles Magnus\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Fisk and Russell N.Y.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Soldier in Our Civil War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Pictorial History of the Civil War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy Walker \u0026amp; Boutall\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's History of the Great Rebellion\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNewspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Mr. Anton Kellner; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Mr. Davenport; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe New-York Illustrated News\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby J. E. Taylor; Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby J. E. Taylor; Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Pictorial History of the Civil War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby J. Lansing and R. P. Johnson; Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby James Lansing; Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Col. Battersby; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby R. F. Zogbaum; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy Edwin Forbes; The Civil War in the United States\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy Edwin Forbes; The Civil War in the United States [Same image as 20.39 in folder 33]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Soldier in Our Civil War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Edwin Forbes; The Soldier in Our Civil War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Edwin Forbes; The Soldier in Our Civil War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBallou's Pictorial Drawing-Room Companion\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarpers Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBallou's Pictorial\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Soldier in our Civil War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News [Same image as 20.12 in folder 33]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy Edwin Forbes; The Civil War in the United States [Same image as 20.28 in folder 33]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePictorial Battles of the Civil War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePictorial History of the War of 1861 [same image as 6.17A in folder 35]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePictorial History of the War of 1861 [same image as 6.17B in folder 35]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [same image as 6.9A in folder 35]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [same image as 6.9B in folder 35]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePictorial War Record\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [same image as 1.12]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News [same image as 1.6 in folder 37]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News [same image as 1.3 in folder 37]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News [same image as 1.1 in folder 37]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News [same image as unnumbered in folder 37]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News [same image as unnumbered in folder 37]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePicturesque America\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePicturesque America\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News [same image as unnumbered in folder 37]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby E. S. Hall; Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Wm. L. Sheppard; Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's History of the Great Rebellion\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's History of the Great Rebellion\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [2 copies]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe New York Illustrated News\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby A. R. Waud; Pictorial War Record\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby A. R. Waud; The Pictorial Battles of the Civil War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Johnson and Ward\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Julius Bien and Co.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Johnson and Ward\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTop Engr. Office, V.D.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTop Engr. Office, V.D.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTop Engr. Office, V.D.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTop Engr. Office, V.D.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTop Engr. Office, V.D.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTop Engr. Office, V.D.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTop Engr. Office, V.D.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEngineer Department. U.S. Army\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEngineer Department. U.S. Army\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Mr. Davenport; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Weekly [2 copies]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Charles Sholt [?]; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby H. Lovie; The Soldier in Our Civil War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Gilbert Gaul; Harpers Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby H. Lovie; The Soldier in Our Civil War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Soldier in Our Civil War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Soldier in Our Civil War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Confederate Soldier in the Civil War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[same image as 19.2A]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[same image as 19.2B]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Civil War in the United States [same image as 19.1A]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Civil War in the United States [same image as 19.1B]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy E. Forbes; Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Sol Eytinge; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Weekly [same image as 15.4 in folder 46]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Weekly [same image as 15.3 in folder 46]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy Mr. Theodore R. Davis; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby E. F. Mullen; Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Soldier in Our Civil War [same image as 5.7 in folder 48]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition][same image as 5.6 in folder 48]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Soldier in Our Civil War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Weekly (supplement)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy Gen. Barnard; Defenses of Washington\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy Gen. Barnard; Defenses of Washington\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCassell's Illustrated History of England\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of nearly 200 images on various historical subjects in a variety of formats, including wood engravings, steel engravings, lithographs, chromolithographs, maps, and manuscripts. Most of the images depict battles and maps of the Civil War. The maps include the cities of Arlington and Alexandria and the counties of Fairfax, Loudoun and Prince William. Columbia Pike, Chain Bridge, Long Bridge, the Little River Turnpike, Centreville and Manassas all existed at the time of the Civil War and all of them are represented or referenced in these images. ","Most of the Civil War images are from three periodicals: The Illustrated London News, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, and Harper's Weekly. They are primarily wood engravings, several of which are hand colored. Though wood engraving was invented as an illustrative technique in the 1790s, it was the later appearance of the mass illustrated newspaper that took advantage of the technique to appeal to a wide readership.","Although pictorial images comprise the majority of images in the collection, there are also numerous maps, most of which were produced by lithography. A number were produced for military purposes and employed by both the North and South alike. Maps made during the Civil War were often exceedingly accurate; their usefulness carried on into the twentieth century.","The Pictorial Battles of the Civil War","Harper's Weekly","The Soldier in Our Civil War","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition]","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","by Charles Magnus","by Charles Magnus","by Charles Magnus","by Charles Magnus","by Charles Magnus","by Charles Magnus","by Charles Magnus","by Charles Magnus","by Charles Magnus","by Charles Magnus","by Charles Magnus","by Charles Magnus","The Illustrated London News","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","The Civil War in the United States","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","The Illustrated London News","Harper's Weekly","Journal Article with Print Reproductions","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","by A. Waud; Pictorial Battles of the Civil War","by A. Waud; Pictorial Battles of the Civil War","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition]","The Illustrated London News","by the Alexandria Chamber of Commerce; City Brochure with Photographs and Map","The Soldier in our Civil War","The Illustrated London News","Harper's New Monthly Magazine, No. XL - Vol. VII","The Soldier in Our Civil War","by Charles Graham; Harper's Weekly","by Bell; Harper's Weekly","by Bell; Harper's Weekly","by Bell; Harper's Weekly","by Bell; Harper's Weekly","by Bell; Harper's Weekly","by National Photo Co.","Picturesque Washington","by Bell; Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Published by The Gray Line Sight Seeing Tours","Published by B. S. Reynolds Co.","Published by the Post Exchange, Fort Myer, VA.","Pictorial History of the War of 1861","Pictorial History of the War of 1861","The Civil War in the United States","Harper's Weekly","by A. Waud; The New-York Illustrated News","Harper's Weekly","The Illustrated London News","The Illustrated London News","By J. Becker; Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","Harper's Pictorial History of the Civil War","The Illustrated London News","The Illustrated London News","by Mr. Forbes; Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [same image as 7.8 in folder 9]","Pictorial History of the War of 1861 [same image as 7.7 in folder 9]","by Edwin Forbes; Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Harper's Pictorial History of the Civil War","Harper's Pictorial History of the Civil War","Harper's Pictorial History of the Civil War","Same image as 20.9 in folder 10","by Edwin Forbes; The Soldier in Our Civil War","Same image as 3.4 in folder 10","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","By A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","The Civil War in the United States","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition]","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","by Mr. Mead; Harper's Weekly","Harper's Weekly","On the Shenandoah and the Chickahominy","The Illustrated London News","The Illustrated London News","The Illustrated London News, 2 prints","The Illustrated London News","The Illustrated London News","Pictorial Battles of the Civil War","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","The Youths' History of he United States","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Pictorial History of the War of 1861","by Edwin Forbes","The Soldier in Our Civil War","The Illustrated London News","The Illustrated London News","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Harper's Weekly","The Illustrated London News","by W. Peters; Harper's Weekly","Pictorial War Record","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition]","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition]","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition]","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition]","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","Harper's Weekly","by T.R. Davis; Harper's Weekly","by H. Lovie; The Soldier in Our Civil War","by Walter A. Lane; The Soldier in Our Civil War","by Henry Lovie; The Soldier in Our Civil War","by H. Lovie; The Soldier in Our Civil War","The Soldier in Our Civil War","Harper's Weekly","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly [Same image as 3.12 in folder 18]","The Illustrated London News","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly [Same image as 3.10 in folder 18]","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","Harper's Weekly [same image as 20.6 in folder 20]","Harper's Weekly [same image as 20.5 in folder 20]","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Loudon County","Harper's Weekly","The Illustrated London News","The Illustrated London News","Harper's Weekly [Same as image 2.21B and 2.21C in folder 26]","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly [Same image as 2.20A in folder 26]","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","The Illustrated London News","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","The Soldier in Our Civil War [Same image as 2.32A in folder 26]","The Soldier in our Civil War [Same image as 2.32B in folder 26]","by Edwin Forbes; The Soldier in Our Civil War","The Soldier in Our Civil War","Harper's History of the Great Rebellion","Harper's Weekly","Harper's Weekly","by Edwin Forbes; The Civil War in the United States","by Edwin Forbes; The Civil War in the United States","Harper's Weekly","Harper's Weekly","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Harper's Weekly [Same image as 2.31 in folder 26]","Harper's Weekly","Harper's Weekly","by Allen C. Redwood; Journal Article with Print Reproductions","by John Pope; Journal Article with Print Reproductions","by W. Momberger and J. C. McRae; Abbotts Civil War","by Penfield","by Mr. Edwin Forbes","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition]","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","Harper's Weekly","by Mr. Davenport; Harper's Weekly [Same image as 2.34 in folder 26]","The Illustrated London News","by Penfield; Harper's Weekly","Harper's Weekly","by F. O. C. Darley and W. Ridgway","by P. Meeder","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition]","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition]","by Edwin Forbes; Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Harper's Weekly [Same image as 2.12A in folder 26]","The Soldier in Our Civil War [Same image as 2.2A in folder 26]","The Soldier in our Civil War [Same image as 2.2B in folder 26]","Harper's Weekly","by Mr. Davenport; Harper's Weekly [Same image as 2.22 in folder 26]","Harper's Weekly","Harper's Weekly [Same image as 2.5A in folder 26]","By Edwin Forbes; The Civil War in the United States","by Currier and Ives","by Fisk and Russell; History of the Great Rebellion","The Civil War","Civil War in America/ War and Its Horrors","by M. D. McAlester","by Julius Bien and Co.","History of the Great Rebellion","Civil War in America, War and Its Horrors","by Capt. W. Angelo Powell","Harper's History of the Great Rebellion","by P. W. O. Koerner","by Maj. N. Michler","Harper's Weekly","by Andrew B. Graham Photo-Litho","by Rand McNally and Co.; Commercial Atlas","Rand McNally","Rand McNally","by the Geological Survey; U.S. Geological Survey","by the Geological Survey; U.S. Geological Survey","American Automobile Association","by L. L. Poates","History of the United States","Operations in Northeastern Virginia","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Harper's History of the Great Rebellion","by J. J. Young and W. Hesselbach; Surveys for Military Defenses, Sheet 1","by J. J. Young and W. Hesselbach; Surveys for Military Defenses, Sheet 2","by J. J. Young and W. Hesselbach; Surveys for Military Defenses, Sheet 2","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Eng. 2d Corps","Top Eng. 2d Corps","Top Engr. V.D.","Top Eng. V.D.","Top Eng. V.D.","Top Eng. A.V.D.","Top Eng. A.V.D.","Top Eng. A.V.D.","Top Engr. V.D.","by J. J. Young","by W. G. Atkinson","by Brig. Gen. D.P. Woodbury","by Brig. Gen. G.K. Warren","by Capt. W. Angelo Powell","Julius Bien and Co.","Julius Bien and Co.","Julius Bien and Co.","Julius Bien and Co.","Julius Bien and Co.","Julius Bien and Co.","Julius Bien and Co.","Julius Bien and Co.","Julius Bien and Co.","Julius Bien and Co.","Julius Bien and Co.","by John Pilsen; Julius Bien and Co.","by Franz Kappner; Julius Bien and Co.","by the geological Survey; U.S. Geological Survey","by the Geological Survey; U.S. Geological Survey","by the Geological Survey; U.S. Geological Survey","by A. Maedel, H. S. Barnard and A. Peterson; Survey of the Coast of the United States, Coast Survey Office","The Civil War","by Waters-Son N.Y.","by G. Woolworth Oolton N.Y.","by William J. Wilson","by Charles Magnus","by Fisk and Russell N.Y.","The Soldier in Our Civil War","Harper's Pictorial History of the Civil War","By Walker \u0026 Boutall","Harper's History of the Great Rebellion","Newspaper","The Illustrated London News","by Mr. Anton Kellner; Harper's Weekly","by Mr. Davenport; Harper's Weekly","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","The New-York Illustrated News","by J. E. Taylor; Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","by J. E. Taylor; Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Harper's Pictorial History of the Civil War","by J. Lansing and R. P. Johnson; Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","by James Lansing; Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","by Col. Battersby; Harper's Weekly","by R. F. Zogbaum; Harper's Weekly","By Edwin Forbes; The Civil War in the United States","By Edwin Forbes; The Civil War in the United States [Same image as 20.39 in folder 33]","The Soldier in Our Civil War","by Edwin Forbes; The Soldier in Our Civil War","by Edwin Forbes; The Soldier in Our Civil War","Ballou's Pictorial Drawing-Room Companion","Harpers Weekly","Ballou's Pictorial","The Soldier in our Civil War","The Illustrated London News [Same image as 20.12 in folder 33]","By Edwin Forbes; The Civil War in the United States [Same image as 20.28 in folder 33]","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition]","The Illustrated London News","Harper's Weekly","Pictorial Battles of the Civil War","Pictorial History of the War of 1861 [same image as 6.17A in folder 35]","Pictorial History of the War of 1861 [same image as 6.17B in folder 35]","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [same image as 6.9A in folder 35]","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [same image as 6.9B in folder 35]","Pictorial War Record","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [same image as 1.12]","The Illustrated London News [same image as 1.6 in folder 37]","The Illustrated London News","The Illustrated London News [same image as 1.3 in folder 37]","The Illustrated London News [same image as 1.1 in folder 37]","The Illustrated London News [same image as unnumbered in folder 37]","The Illustrated London News","The Illustrated London News [same image as unnumbered in folder 37]","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Picturesque America","Picturesque America","The Illustrated London News [same image as unnumbered in folder 37]","by E. S. Hall; Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Harper's Weekly","by Wm. L. Sheppard; Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Harper's History of the Great Rebellion","Harper's History of the Great Rebellion","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [2 copies]","The New York Illustrated News","by A. R. Waud; Pictorial War Record","By A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","Harper's Weekly","Harper's Weekly","Harper's Weekly","Harper's Weekly","by A. R. Waud; The Pictorial Battles of the Civil War","by Johnson and Ward","by Julius Bien and Co.","by Johnson and Ward","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Engineer Department. U.S. Army","Engineer Department. U.S. Army","The Illustrated London News","by Mr. Davenport; Harper's Weekly","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","Harper's Weekly [2 copies]","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition]","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","by Charles Sholt [?]; Harper's Weekly","by H. Lovie; The Soldier in Our Civil War","by Gilbert Gaul; Harpers Weekly","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","by H. Lovie; The Soldier in Our Civil War","The Soldier in Our Civil War","The Soldier in Our Civil War","The Confederate Soldier in the Civil War","[same image as 19.2A]","[same image as 19.2B]","The Civil War in the United States [same image as 19.1A]","The Civil War in the United States [same image as 19.1B]","By E. Forbes; Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","by Sol Eytinge; Harper's Weekly","Harper's Weekly","Harper's Weekly [same image as 15.4 in folder 46]","Harper's Weekly [same image as 15.3 in folder 46]","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","By Mr. Theodore R. Davis; Harper's Weekly","The Illustrated London News","The Illustrated London News","by E. F. Mullen; Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Harper's Weekly","The Soldier in Our Civil War [same image as 5.7 in folder 48]","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition][same image as 5.6 in folder 48]","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","The Soldier in Our Civil War","Harper's Weekly (supplement)","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","By Gen. Barnard; Defenses of Washington","By Gen. Barnard; Defenses of Washington","Cassell's Illustrated History of England","Harper's Weekly","Harper's Weekly"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePublic domain. There are no known restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Public domain. There are no known restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_dbd7a4df24b2682fee1bc6ec071e507a\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection contains images and maps depicting Northern Virginia. A majority of the images are contemporary illustrations of the Civil War in Virginia. Formats include wood engravings, steel engravings, lithographs, chromolithographs, and a manuscript.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection contains images and maps depicting Northern Virginia. A majority of the images are contemporary illustrations of the Civil War in Virginia. Formats include wood engravings, steel engravings, lithographs, chromolithographs, and a manuscript."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_a70d19fef0e8a7a6be4be2038580131d\"\u003eMap Case 11.5, 23.5-24.5\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Map Case 11.5, 23.5-24.5"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":471,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T05:12:58.124Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_144","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_144","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_144","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_144","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_144.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Northern Virginia Civil War images collection","title_ssm":["Northern Virginia Civil War images collection"],"title_tesim":["Northern Virginia Civil War images collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1853-1914"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1853-1914"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0150","/repositories/2/resources/144"],"text":["C0150","/repositories/2/resources/144","Northern Virginia Civil War images collection","Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern -- History","Maps","Lithography","Chromolithography","Wood engravings","Steel engravings","There are no access restrictions.","This collection is arranged by locality of primary image.","The Illustrated London News was one of the first newspapers to employ wood engravings on a wide scale. One of its artists was Frank Vizetelly (1830-1883); he covered the Civil War for British readers. Early on, he illustrated the war from the Union side but was later allowed to draw from the Confederate side. Artists like Vizetelly sometimes did more than draw, though. He acted as a messenger for Confederate General James Longstreet at the battle of Chickamauga. Vizetelly was also a staff aide for the Confederates at the battle of Fredericksburg and was present at Charleston, South Carolina, when it was besieged. Because of such personal involvement by artists, many engravings were not made by detached observers, but by active participants in history unfolding.","Frank Leslie (1821-1880) was another artist who began his career as an engraver in 1842 and eventually published his own newspaper, which he titled, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper. The newspaper also covered the Civil War. Leslie used a large number of illustrations in his newspaper to increase circulation. Images from Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper are well represented in Northern Virginia Images Collection, including several images from the German language edition of the newspaper.","Another popular periodical of the time was Harper's Weekly. It first appeared in 1857 and became one of the most important and influential periodicals in nineteenth century America, notably during the Civil War. Two prominent artists for Harper's Weekly during this period were Alfred Waud (1828-1891) and Thomas Nast (1840-1902). Engravings by both are included in Northern Virginia Images Collection. Waud was primarily assigned to the eastern front and covered the war from the Battle of First Manassas to the Confederacy's surrender at Appomattox Court House. Thomas Nast (who later became famous for creating the roly- poly figure in red we now know as Santa Claus) worked largely in New York for most of the war. One of the major exceptions to this was when he spent time in the Union camp during the Battle of Gettysburg. Nast's sympathies were for the Union side, which, naturally, bothered Southerners, who often sent threatening letters to Nast at the Harper's Weekly office. By and large, The Illustrated London News, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, and Harper's Weekly illustrated the Civil War from the Northern point-of-view.","Many of today's Northern Virginia residents only know the area as a population outgrowth of Washington, D.C. Despite this cosmopolitan reputation, it was largely farm country at the time of the Civil War through World War II. Few realize that the area was the frequent battleground for large contending forces. Yet, many of the areas that are depicted in the images still exist today but under much different circumstances. Some of the areas included in these images have undergone radical cultural changes as well. An Islamic Mosque now occupies Munson Hill, which Confederate forces occupied under General J.E.B. Stuart during early days of the war.","Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed in February 2009 by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty. EAD updated by Greta Kuriger in July 2011.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds the  , the  , and the WRLC digital collection  . The   is available for GMU affiliated researchers.","The collection consists of nearly 200 images on various historical subjects in a variety of formats, including wood engravings, steel engravings, lithographs, chromolithographs, maps, and manuscripts. Most of the images depict battles and maps of the Civil War. The maps include the cities of Arlington and Alexandria and the counties of Fairfax, Loudoun and Prince William. Columbia Pike, Chain Bridge, Long Bridge, the Little River Turnpike, Centreville and Manassas all existed at the time of the Civil War and all of them are represented or referenced in these images. ","Most of the Civil War images are from three periodicals: The Illustrated London News, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, and Harper's Weekly. They are primarily wood engravings, several of which are hand colored. Though wood engraving was invented as an illustrative technique in the 1790s, it was the later appearance of the mass illustrated newspaper that took advantage of the technique to appeal to a wide readership.","Although pictorial images comprise the majority of images in the collection, there are also numerous maps, most of which were produced by lithography. A number were produced for military purposes and employed by both the North and South alike. Maps made during the Civil War were often exceedingly accurate; their usefulness carried on into the twentieth century.","The Pictorial Battles of the Civil War","Harper's Weekly","The Soldier in Our Civil War","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition]","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","by Charles Magnus","by Charles Magnus","by Charles Magnus","by Charles Magnus","by Charles Magnus","by Charles Magnus","by Charles Magnus","by Charles Magnus","by Charles Magnus","by Charles Magnus","by Charles Magnus","by Charles Magnus","The Illustrated London News","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","The Civil War in the United States","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","The Illustrated London News","Harper's Weekly","Journal Article with Print Reproductions","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","by A. Waud; Pictorial Battles of the Civil War","by A. Waud; Pictorial Battles of the Civil War","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition]","The Illustrated London News","by the Alexandria Chamber of Commerce; City Brochure with Photographs and Map","The Soldier in our Civil War","The Illustrated London News","Harper's New Monthly Magazine, No. XL - Vol. VII","The Soldier in Our Civil War","by Charles Graham; Harper's Weekly","by Bell; Harper's Weekly","by Bell; Harper's Weekly","by Bell; Harper's Weekly","by Bell; Harper's Weekly","by Bell; Harper's Weekly","by National Photo Co.","Picturesque Washington","by Bell; Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Published by The Gray Line Sight Seeing Tours","Published by B. S. Reynolds Co.","Published by the Post Exchange, Fort Myer, VA.","Pictorial History of the War of 1861","Pictorial History of the War of 1861","The Civil War in the United States","Harper's Weekly","by A. Waud; The New-York Illustrated News","Harper's Weekly","The Illustrated London News","The Illustrated London News","By J. Becker; Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","Harper's Pictorial History of the Civil War","The Illustrated London News","The Illustrated London News","by Mr. Forbes; Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [same image as 7.8 in folder 9]","Pictorial History of the War of 1861 [same image as 7.7 in folder 9]","by Edwin Forbes; Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Harper's Pictorial History of the Civil War","Harper's Pictorial History of the Civil War","Harper's Pictorial History of the Civil War","Same image as 20.9 in folder 10","by Edwin Forbes; The Soldier in Our Civil War","Same image as 3.4 in folder 10","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","By A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","The Civil War in the United States","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition]","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","by Mr. Mead; Harper's Weekly","Harper's Weekly","On the Shenandoah and the Chickahominy","The Illustrated London News","The Illustrated London News","The Illustrated London News, 2 prints","The Illustrated London News","The Illustrated London News","Pictorial Battles of the Civil War","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","The Youths' History of he United States","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Pictorial History of the War of 1861","by Edwin Forbes","The Soldier in Our Civil War","The Illustrated London News","The Illustrated London News","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Harper's Weekly","The Illustrated London News","by W. Peters; Harper's Weekly","Pictorial War Record","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition]","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition]","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition]","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition]","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","Harper's Weekly","by T.R. Davis; Harper's Weekly","by H. Lovie; The Soldier in Our Civil War","by Walter A. Lane; The Soldier in Our Civil War","by Henry Lovie; The Soldier in Our Civil War","by H. Lovie; The Soldier in Our Civil War","The Soldier in Our Civil War","Harper's Weekly","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly [Same image as 3.12 in folder 18]","The Illustrated London News","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly [Same image as 3.10 in folder 18]","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","Harper's Weekly [same image as 20.6 in folder 20]","Harper's Weekly [same image as 20.5 in folder 20]","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Loudon County","Harper's Weekly","The Illustrated London News","The Illustrated London News","Harper's Weekly [Same as image 2.21B and 2.21C in folder 26]","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly [Same image as 2.20A in folder 26]","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","The Illustrated London News","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","The Soldier in Our Civil War [Same image as 2.32A in folder 26]","The Soldier in our Civil War [Same image as 2.32B in folder 26]","by Edwin Forbes; The Soldier in Our Civil War","The Soldier in Our Civil War","Harper's History of the Great Rebellion","Harper's Weekly","Harper's Weekly","by Edwin Forbes; The Civil War in the United States","by Edwin Forbes; The Civil War in the United States","Harper's Weekly","Harper's Weekly","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Harper's Weekly [Same image as 2.31 in folder 26]","Harper's Weekly","Harper's Weekly","by Allen C. Redwood; Journal Article with Print Reproductions","by John Pope; Journal Article with Print Reproductions","by W. Momberger and J. C. McRae; Abbotts Civil War","by Penfield","by Mr. Edwin Forbes","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition]","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","Harper's Weekly","by Mr. Davenport; Harper's Weekly [Same image as 2.34 in folder 26]","The Illustrated London News","by Penfield; Harper's Weekly","Harper's Weekly","by F. O. C. Darley and W. Ridgway","by P. Meeder","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition]","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition]","by Edwin Forbes; Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Harper's Weekly [Same image as 2.12A in folder 26]","The Soldier in Our Civil War [Same image as 2.2A in folder 26]","The Soldier in our Civil War [Same image as 2.2B in folder 26]","Harper's Weekly","by Mr. Davenport; Harper's Weekly [Same image as 2.22 in folder 26]","Harper's Weekly","Harper's Weekly [Same image as 2.5A in folder 26]","By Edwin Forbes; The Civil War in the United States","by Currier and Ives","by Fisk and Russell; History of the Great Rebellion","The Civil War","Civil War in America/ War and Its Horrors","by M. D. McAlester","by Julius Bien and Co.","History of the Great Rebellion","Civil War in America, War and Its Horrors","by Capt. W. Angelo Powell","Harper's History of the Great Rebellion","by P. W. O. Koerner","by Maj. N. Michler","Harper's Weekly","by Andrew B. Graham Photo-Litho","by Rand McNally and Co.; Commercial Atlas","Rand McNally","Rand McNally","by the Geological Survey; U.S. Geological Survey","by the Geological Survey; U.S. Geological Survey","American Automobile Association","by L. L. Poates","History of the United States","Operations in Northeastern Virginia","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Harper's History of the Great Rebellion","by J. J. Young and W. Hesselbach; Surveys for Military Defenses, Sheet 1","by J. J. Young and W. Hesselbach; Surveys for Military Defenses, Sheet 2","by J. J. Young and W. Hesselbach; Surveys for Military Defenses, Sheet 2","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Eng. 2d Corps","Top Eng. 2d Corps","Top Engr. V.D.","Top Eng. V.D.","Top Eng. V.D.","Top Eng. A.V.D.","Top Eng. A.V.D.","Top Eng. A.V.D.","Top Engr. V.D.","by J. J. Young","by W. G. Atkinson","by Brig. Gen. D.P. Woodbury","by Brig. Gen. G.K. Warren","by Capt. W. Angelo Powell","Julius Bien and Co.","Julius Bien and Co.","Julius Bien and Co.","Julius Bien and Co.","Julius Bien and Co.","Julius Bien and Co.","Julius Bien and Co.","Julius Bien and Co.","Julius Bien and Co.","Julius Bien and Co.","Julius Bien and Co.","by John Pilsen; Julius Bien and Co.","by Franz Kappner; Julius Bien and Co.","by the geological Survey; U.S. Geological Survey","by the Geological Survey; U.S. Geological Survey","by the Geological Survey; U.S. Geological Survey","by A. Maedel, H. S. Barnard and A. Peterson; Survey of the Coast of the United States, Coast Survey Office","The Civil War","by Waters-Son N.Y.","by G. Woolworth Oolton N.Y.","by William J. Wilson","by Charles Magnus","by Fisk and Russell N.Y.","The Soldier in Our Civil War","Harper's Pictorial History of the Civil War","By Walker \u0026 Boutall","Harper's History of the Great Rebellion","Newspaper","The Illustrated London News","by Mr. Anton Kellner; Harper's Weekly","by Mr. Davenport; Harper's Weekly","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","The New-York Illustrated News","by J. E. Taylor; Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","by J. E. Taylor; Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Harper's Pictorial History of the Civil War","by J. Lansing and R. P. Johnson; Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","by James Lansing; Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","by Col. Battersby; Harper's Weekly","by R. F. Zogbaum; Harper's Weekly","By Edwin Forbes; The Civil War in the United States","By Edwin Forbes; The Civil War in the United States [Same image as 20.39 in folder 33]","The Soldier in Our Civil War","by Edwin Forbes; The Soldier in Our Civil War","by Edwin Forbes; The Soldier in Our Civil War","Ballou's Pictorial Drawing-Room Companion","Harpers Weekly","Ballou's Pictorial","The Soldier in our Civil War","The Illustrated London News [Same image as 20.12 in folder 33]","By Edwin Forbes; The Civil War in the United States [Same image as 20.28 in folder 33]","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition]","The Illustrated London News","Harper's Weekly","Pictorial Battles of the Civil War","Pictorial History of the War of 1861 [same image as 6.17A in folder 35]","Pictorial History of the War of 1861 [same image as 6.17B in folder 35]","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [same image as 6.9A in folder 35]","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [same image as 6.9B in folder 35]","Pictorial War Record","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [same image as 1.12]","The Illustrated London News [same image as 1.6 in folder 37]","The Illustrated London News","The Illustrated London News [same image as 1.3 in folder 37]","The Illustrated London News [same image as 1.1 in folder 37]","The Illustrated London News [same image as unnumbered in folder 37]","The Illustrated London News","The Illustrated London News [same image as unnumbered in folder 37]","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Picturesque America","Picturesque America","The Illustrated London News [same image as unnumbered in folder 37]","by E. S. Hall; Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Harper's Weekly","by Wm. L. Sheppard; Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Harper's History of the Great Rebellion","Harper's History of the Great Rebellion","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [2 copies]","The New York Illustrated News","by A. R. Waud; Pictorial War Record","By A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","Harper's Weekly","Harper's Weekly","Harper's Weekly","Harper's Weekly","by A. R. Waud; The Pictorial Battles of the Civil War","by Johnson and Ward","by Julius Bien and Co.","by Johnson and Ward","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Engineer Department. U.S. Army","Engineer Department. U.S. Army","The Illustrated London News","by Mr. Davenport; Harper's Weekly","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","Harper's Weekly [2 copies]","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition]","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","by Charles Sholt [?]; Harper's Weekly","by H. Lovie; The Soldier in Our Civil War","by Gilbert Gaul; Harpers Weekly","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","by H. Lovie; The Soldier in Our Civil War","The Soldier in Our Civil War","The Soldier in Our Civil War","The Confederate Soldier in the Civil War","[same image as 19.2A]","[same image as 19.2B]","The Civil War in the United States [same image as 19.1A]","The Civil War in the United States [same image as 19.1B]","By E. Forbes; Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","by Sol Eytinge; Harper's Weekly","Harper's Weekly","Harper's Weekly [same image as 15.4 in folder 46]","Harper's Weekly [same image as 15.3 in folder 46]","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","By Mr. Theodore R. Davis; Harper's Weekly","The Illustrated London News","The Illustrated London News","by E. F. Mullen; Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Harper's Weekly","The Soldier in Our Civil War [same image as 5.7 in folder 48]","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition][same image as 5.6 in folder 48]","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","The Soldier in Our Civil War","Harper's Weekly (supplement)","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","By Gen. Barnard; Defenses of Washington","By Gen. Barnard; Defenses of Washington","Cassell's Illustrated History of England","Harper's Weekly","Harper's Weekly","Public domain. There are no known restrictions.","The collection contains images and maps depicting Northern Virginia. A majority of the images are contemporary illustrations of the Civil War in Virginia. Formats include wood engravings, steel engravings, lithographs, chromolithographs, and a manuscript.","Map Case 11.5, 23.5-24.5","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","English"],"unitid_tesim":["C0150","/repositories/2/resources/144"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Northern Virginia Civil War images collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Northern Virginia Civil War images collection"],"collection_ssim":["Northern Virginia Civil War images collection"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern -- History"],"creator_ssm":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creator_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"places_ssim":["Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern -- History"],"access_terms_ssm":["Public domain. There are no known restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased by Special Collections and Archives in 1997-2005 from Prints Old and Rare."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Maps","Lithography","Chromolithography","Wood engravings","Steel engravings"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Maps","Lithography","Chromolithography","Wood engravings","Steel engravings"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["3 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Wood engravings","Steel engravings"],"date_range_isim":[1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged by locality of primary image.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged by locality of primary image."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News was one of the first newspapers to employ wood engravings on a wide scale. One of its artists was Frank Vizetelly (1830-1883); he covered the Civil War for British readers. Early on, he illustrated the war from the Union side but was later allowed to draw from the Confederate side. Artists like Vizetelly sometimes did more than draw, though. He acted as a messenger for Confederate General James Longstreet at the battle of Chickamauga. Vizetelly was also a staff aide for the Confederates at the battle of Fredericksburg and was present at Charleston, South Carolina, when it was besieged. Because of such personal involvement by artists, many engravings were not made by detached observers, but by active participants in history unfolding.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie (1821-1880) was another artist who began his career as an engraver in 1842 and eventually published his own newspaper, which he titled, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper. The newspaper also covered the Civil War. Leslie used a large number of illustrations in his newspaper to increase circulation. Images from Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper are well represented in Northern Virginia Images Collection, including several images from the German language edition of the newspaper.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAnother popular periodical of the time was Harper's Weekly. It first appeared in 1857 and became one of the most important and influential periodicals in nineteenth century America, notably during the Civil War. Two prominent artists for Harper's Weekly during this period were Alfred Waud (1828-1891) and Thomas Nast (1840-1902). Engravings by both are included in Northern Virginia Images Collection. Waud was primarily assigned to the eastern front and covered the war from the Battle of First Manassas to the Confederacy's surrender at Appomattox Court House. Thomas Nast (who later became famous for creating the roly- poly figure in red we now know as Santa Claus) worked largely in New York for most of the war. One of the major exceptions to this was when he spent time in the Union camp during the Battle of Gettysburg. Nast's sympathies were for the Union side, which, naturally, bothered Southerners, who often sent threatening letters to Nast at the Harper's Weekly office. By and large, The Illustrated London News, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, and Harper's Weekly illustrated the Civil War from the Northern point-of-view.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMany of today's Northern Virginia residents only know the area as a population outgrowth of Washington, D.C. Despite this cosmopolitan reputation, it was largely farm country at the time of the Civil War through World War II. Few realize that the area was the frequent battleground for large contending forces. Yet, many of the areas that are depicted in the images still exist today but under much different circumstances. Some of the areas included in these images have undergone radical cultural changes as well. An Islamic Mosque now occupies Munson Hill, which Confederate forces occupied under General J.E.B. Stuart during early days of the war.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Illustrated London News was one of the first newspapers to employ wood engravings on a wide scale. One of its artists was Frank Vizetelly (1830-1883); he covered the Civil War for British readers. Early on, he illustrated the war from the Union side but was later allowed to draw from the Confederate side. Artists like Vizetelly sometimes did more than draw, though. He acted as a messenger for Confederate General James Longstreet at the battle of Chickamauga. Vizetelly was also a staff aide for the Confederates at the battle of Fredericksburg and was present at Charleston, South Carolina, when it was besieged. Because of such personal involvement by artists, many engravings were not made by detached observers, but by active participants in history unfolding.","Frank Leslie (1821-1880) was another artist who began his career as an engraver in 1842 and eventually published his own newspaper, which he titled, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper. The newspaper also covered the Civil War. Leslie used a large number of illustrations in his newspaper to increase circulation. Images from Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper are well represented in Northern Virginia Images Collection, including several images from the German language edition of the newspaper.","Another popular periodical of the time was Harper's Weekly. It first appeared in 1857 and became one of the most important and influential periodicals in nineteenth century America, notably during the Civil War. Two prominent artists for Harper's Weekly during this period were Alfred Waud (1828-1891) and Thomas Nast (1840-1902). Engravings by both are included in Northern Virginia Images Collection. Waud was primarily assigned to the eastern front and covered the war from the Battle of First Manassas to the Confederacy's surrender at Appomattox Court House. Thomas Nast (who later became famous for creating the roly- poly figure in red we now know as Santa Claus) worked largely in New York for most of the war. One of the major exceptions to this was when he spent time in the Union camp during the Battle of Gettysburg. Nast's sympathies were for the Union side, which, naturally, bothered Southerners, who often sent threatening letters to Nast at the Harper's Weekly office. By and large, The Illustrated London News, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, and Harper's Weekly illustrated the Civil War from the Northern point-of-view.","Many of today's Northern Virginia residents only know the area as a population outgrowth of Washington, D.C. Despite this cosmopolitan reputation, it was largely farm country at the time of the Civil War through World War II. Few realize that the area was the frequent battleground for large contending forces. Yet, many of the areas that are depicted in the images still exist today but under much different circumstances. Some of the areas included in these images have undergone radical cultural changes as well. An Islamic Mosque now occupies Munson Hill, which Confederate forces occupied under General J.E.B. Stuart during early days of the war."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNorthern Virginia Civil War images collection, C0150, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Northern Virginia Civil War images collection, C0150, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed in February 2009 by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty. EAD updated by Greta Kuriger in July 2011.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed in February 2009 by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty. EAD updated by Greta Kuriger in July 2011."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Alexander Haight family collection\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0159\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Milton Barnes papers\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0065\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, and the WRLC digital collection \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Virginia Civil War Archive\" href=\"http://www.aladin.wrlc.org/gsdl/collect/vacw/vacw.shtml\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e. The \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"digital version of Harper's Weekly\" href=\"http://app.harpweek.com/\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e is available for GMU affiliated researchers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center also holds the  , the  , and the WRLC digital collection  . The   is available for GMU affiliated researchers."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of nearly 200 images on various historical subjects in a variety of formats, including wood engravings, steel engravings, lithographs, chromolithographs, maps, and manuscripts. Most of the images depict battles and maps of the Civil War. The maps include the cities of Arlington and Alexandria and the counties of Fairfax, Loudoun and Prince William. Columbia Pike, Chain Bridge, Long Bridge, the Little River Turnpike, Centreville and Manassas all existed at the time of the Civil War and all of them are represented or referenced in these images. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMost of the Civil War images are from three periodicals: The Illustrated London News, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, and Harper's Weekly. They are primarily wood engravings, several of which are hand colored. Though wood engraving was invented as an illustrative technique in the 1790s, it was the later appearance of the mass illustrated newspaper that took advantage of the technique to appeal to a wide readership.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlthough pictorial images comprise the majority of images in the collection, there are also numerous maps, most of which were produced by lithography. A number were produced for military purposes and employed by both the North and South alike. Maps made during the Civil War were often exceedingly accurate; their usefulness carried on into the twentieth century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Pictorial Battles of the Civil War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Soldier in Our Civil War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Charles Magnus\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Charles Magnus\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Charles Magnus\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Charles Magnus\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Charles Magnus\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Charles Magnus\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Charles Magnus\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Charles Magnus\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Charles Magnus\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Charles Magnus\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Charles Magnus\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Charles Magnus\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Civil War in the United States\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJournal Article with Print Reproductions\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby A. Waud; Pictorial Battles of the Civil War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby A. Waud; Pictorial Battles of the Civil War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby the Alexandria Chamber of Commerce; City Brochure with Photographs and Map\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Soldier in our Civil War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's New Monthly Magazine, No. XL - Vol. VII\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Soldier in Our Civil War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Charles Graham; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Bell; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Bell; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Bell; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Bell; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Bell; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby National Photo Co.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePicturesque Washington\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Bell; Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePublished by The Gray Line Sight Seeing Tours\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePublished by B. S. Reynolds Co.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePublished by the Post Exchange, Fort Myer, VA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePictorial History of the War of 1861\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePictorial History of the War of 1861\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Civil War in the United States\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby A. Waud; The New-York Illustrated News\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy J. Becker; Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Pictorial History of the Civil War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Mr. Forbes; Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [same image as 7.8 in folder 9]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePictorial History of the War of 1861 [same image as 7.7 in folder 9]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Edwin Forbes; Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Pictorial History of the Civil War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Pictorial History of the Civil War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Pictorial History of the Civil War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSame image as 20.9 in folder 10\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Edwin Forbes; The Soldier in Our Civil War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSame image as 3.4 in folder 10\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Civil War in the United States\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Mr. Mead; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn the Shenandoah and the Chickahominy\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News, 2 prints\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePictorial Battles of the Civil War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Youths' History of he United States\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePictorial History of the War of 1861\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Edwin Forbes\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Soldier in Our Civil War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby W. Peters; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePictorial War Record\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby T.R. Davis; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby H. Lovie; The Soldier in Our Civil War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Walter A. Lane; The Soldier in Our Civil War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Henry Lovie; The Soldier in Our Civil War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby H. Lovie; The Soldier in Our Civil War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Soldier in Our Civil War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly [Same image as 3.12 in folder 18]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly [Same image as 3.10 in folder 18]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Weekly [same image as 20.6 in folder 20]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Weekly [same image as 20.5 in folder 20]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLoudon County\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Weekly [Same as image 2.21B and 2.21C in folder 26]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly [Same image as 2.20A in folder 26]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Soldier in Our Civil War [Same image as 2.32A in folder 26]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Soldier in our Civil War [Same image as 2.32B in folder 26]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Edwin Forbes; The Soldier in Our Civil War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Soldier in Our Civil War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's History of the Great Rebellion\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Edwin Forbes; The Civil War in the United States\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Edwin Forbes; The Civil War in the United States\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Weekly [Same image as 2.31 in folder 26]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Allen C. Redwood; Journal Article with Print Reproductions\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby John Pope; Journal Article with Print Reproductions\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby W. Momberger and J. C. McRae; Abbotts Civil War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Penfield\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Mr. Edwin Forbes\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Mr. Davenport; Harper's Weekly [Same image as 2.34 in folder 26]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Penfield; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby F. O. C. Darley and W. Ridgway\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby P. Meeder\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Edwin Forbes; Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Weekly [Same image as 2.12A in folder 26]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Soldier in Our Civil War [Same image as 2.2A in folder 26]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Soldier in our Civil War [Same image as 2.2B in folder 26]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Mr. Davenport; Harper's Weekly [Same image as 2.22 in folder 26]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Weekly [Same image as 2.5A in folder 26]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy Edwin Forbes; The Civil War in the United States\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Currier and Ives\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Fisk and Russell; History of the Great Rebellion\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Civil War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCivil War in America/ War and Its Horrors\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby M. D. McAlester\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Julius Bien and Co.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHistory of the Great Rebellion\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCivil War in America, War and Its Horrors\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Capt. W. Angelo Powell\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's History of the Great Rebellion\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby P. W. O. Koerner\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Maj. N. Michler\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Andrew B. Graham Photo-Litho\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Rand McNally and Co.; Commercial Atlas\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRand McNally\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRand McNally\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby the Geological Survey; U.S. Geological Survey\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby the Geological Survey; U.S. Geological Survey\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmerican Automobile Association\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby L. L. Poates\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHistory of the United States\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOperations in Northeastern Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's History of the Great Rebellion\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby J. J. Young and W. Hesselbach; Surveys for Military Defenses, Sheet 1\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby J. J. Young and W. Hesselbach; Surveys for Military Defenses, Sheet 2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby J. J. Young and W. Hesselbach; Surveys for Military Defenses, Sheet 2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTop Engr. Office, V.D.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTop Engr. Office, V.D.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTop Engr. Office, V.D.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTop Engr. Office, V.D.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTop Engr. Office, V.D.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTop Engr. Office, V.D.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTop Engr. Office, V.D.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTop Engr. Office, V.D.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTop Engr. Office, V.D.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTop Engr. Office, V.D.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTop Engr. Office, V.D.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTop Engr. Office, V.D.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTop Engr. Office, V.D.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTop Engr. Office, V.D.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTop Eng. 2d Corps\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTop Eng. 2d Corps\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTop Engr. V.D.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTop Eng. V.D.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTop Eng. V.D.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTop Eng. A.V.D.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTop Eng. A.V.D.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTop Eng. A.V.D.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTop Engr. V.D.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby J. J. Young\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby W. G. Atkinson\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Brig. Gen. D.P. Woodbury\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Brig. Gen. G.K. Warren\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Capt. W. Angelo Powell\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJulius Bien and Co.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJulius Bien and Co.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJulius Bien and Co.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJulius Bien and Co.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJulius Bien and Co.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJulius Bien and Co.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJulius Bien and Co.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJulius Bien and Co.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJulius Bien and Co.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJulius Bien and Co.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJulius Bien and Co.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby John Pilsen; Julius Bien and Co.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Franz Kappner; Julius Bien and Co.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby the geological Survey; U.S. Geological Survey\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby the Geological Survey; U.S. Geological Survey\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby the Geological Survey; U.S. Geological Survey\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby A. Maedel, H. S. Barnard and A. Peterson; Survey of the Coast of the United States, Coast Survey Office\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Civil War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Waters-Son N.Y.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby G. Woolworth Oolton N.Y.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby William J. Wilson\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Charles Magnus\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Fisk and Russell N.Y.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Soldier in Our Civil War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Pictorial History of the Civil War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy Walker \u0026amp; Boutall\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's History of the Great Rebellion\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNewspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Mr. Anton Kellner; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Mr. Davenport; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe New-York Illustrated News\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby J. E. Taylor; Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby J. E. Taylor; Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Pictorial History of the Civil War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby J. Lansing and R. P. Johnson; Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby James Lansing; Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Col. Battersby; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby R. F. Zogbaum; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy Edwin Forbes; The Civil War in the United States\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy Edwin Forbes; The Civil War in the United States [Same image as 20.39 in folder 33]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Soldier in Our Civil War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Edwin Forbes; The Soldier in Our Civil War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Edwin Forbes; The Soldier in Our Civil War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBallou's Pictorial Drawing-Room Companion\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarpers Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBallou's Pictorial\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Soldier in our Civil War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News [Same image as 20.12 in folder 33]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy Edwin Forbes; The Civil War in the United States [Same image as 20.28 in folder 33]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePictorial Battles of the Civil War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePictorial History of the War of 1861 [same image as 6.17A in folder 35]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePictorial History of the War of 1861 [same image as 6.17B in folder 35]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [same image as 6.9A in folder 35]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [same image as 6.9B in folder 35]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePictorial War Record\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [same image as 1.12]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News [same image as 1.6 in folder 37]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News [same image as 1.3 in folder 37]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News [same image as 1.1 in folder 37]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News [same image as unnumbered in folder 37]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News [same image as unnumbered in folder 37]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePicturesque America\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePicturesque America\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News [same image as unnumbered in folder 37]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby E. S. Hall; Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Wm. L. Sheppard; Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's History of the Great Rebellion\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's History of the Great Rebellion\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [2 copies]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe New York Illustrated News\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby A. R. Waud; Pictorial War Record\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby A. R. Waud; The Pictorial Battles of the Civil War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Johnson and Ward\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Julius Bien and Co.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Johnson and Ward\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTop Engr. Office, V.D.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTop Engr. Office, V.D.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTop Engr. Office, V.D.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTop Engr. Office, V.D.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTop Engr. Office, V.D.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTop Engr. Office, V.D.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTop Engr. Office, V.D.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEngineer Department. U.S. Army\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEngineer Department. U.S. Army\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Mr. Davenport; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Weekly [2 copies]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Charles Sholt [?]; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby H. Lovie; The Soldier in Our Civil War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Gilbert Gaul; Harpers Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eby H. Lovie; The Soldier in Our Civil War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Soldier in Our Civil War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Soldier in Our Civil War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Confederate Soldier in the Civil War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[same image as 19.2A]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[same image as 19.2B]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Civil War in the United States [same image as 19.1A]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Civil War in the United States [same image as 19.1B]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy E. 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Mullen; Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Soldier in Our Civil War [same image as 5.7 in folder 48]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition][same image as 5.6 in folder 48]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Soldier in Our Civil War\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Weekly (supplement)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy Gen. Barnard; Defenses of Washington\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy Gen. Barnard; Defenses of Washington\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCassell's Illustrated History of England\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Weekly\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and 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and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of nearly 200 images on various historical subjects in a variety of formats, including wood engravings, steel engravings, lithographs, chromolithographs, maps, and manuscripts. Most of the images depict battles and maps of the Civil War. The maps include the cities of Arlington and Alexandria and the counties of Fairfax, Loudoun and Prince William. Columbia Pike, Chain Bridge, Long Bridge, the Little River Turnpike, Centreville and Manassas all existed at the time of the Civil War and all of them are represented or referenced in these images. ","Most of the Civil War images are from three periodicals: The Illustrated London News, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, and Harper's Weekly. They are primarily wood engravings, several of which are hand colored. Though wood engraving was invented as an illustrative technique in the 1790s, it was the later appearance of the mass illustrated newspaper that took advantage of the technique to appeal to a wide readership.","Although pictorial images comprise the majority of images in the collection, there are also numerous maps, most of which were produced by lithography. A number were produced for military purposes and employed by both the North and South alike. Maps made during the Civil War were often exceedingly accurate; their usefulness carried on into the twentieth century.","The Pictorial Battles of the Civil War","Harper's Weekly","The Soldier in Our Civil War","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition]","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","by Charles Magnus","by Charles Magnus","by Charles Magnus","by Charles Magnus","by Charles Magnus","by Charles Magnus","by Charles Magnus","by Charles Magnus","by Charles Magnus","by Charles Magnus","by Charles Magnus","by Charles Magnus","The Illustrated London News","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","The Civil War in the United States","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","The Illustrated London News","Harper's Weekly","Journal Article with Print Reproductions","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","by A. Waud; Pictorial Battles of the Civil War","by A. Waud; Pictorial Battles of the Civil War","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition]","The Illustrated London News","by the Alexandria Chamber of Commerce; City Brochure with Photographs and Map","The Soldier in our Civil War","The Illustrated London News","Harper's New Monthly Magazine, No. XL - Vol. VII","The Soldier in Our Civil War","by Charles Graham; Harper's Weekly","by Bell; Harper's Weekly","by Bell; Harper's Weekly","by Bell; Harper's Weekly","by Bell; Harper's Weekly","by Bell; Harper's Weekly","by National Photo Co.","Picturesque Washington","by Bell; Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Published by The Gray Line Sight Seeing Tours","Published by B. S. Reynolds Co.","Published by the Post Exchange, Fort Myer, VA.","Pictorial History of the War of 1861","Pictorial History of the War of 1861","The Civil War in the United States","Harper's Weekly","by A. Waud; The New-York Illustrated News","Harper's Weekly","The Illustrated London News","The Illustrated London News","By J. Becker; Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","Harper's Pictorial History of the Civil War","The Illustrated London News","The Illustrated London News","by Mr. Forbes; Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [same image as 7.8 in folder 9]","Pictorial History of the War of 1861 [same image as 7.7 in folder 9]","by Edwin Forbes; Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Harper's Pictorial History of the Civil War","Harper's Pictorial History of the Civil War","Harper's Pictorial History of the Civil War","Same image as 20.9 in folder 10","by Edwin Forbes; The Soldier in Our Civil War","Same image as 3.4 in folder 10","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","By A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","The Civil War in the United States","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition]","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","by Mr. Mead; Harper's Weekly","Harper's Weekly","On the Shenandoah and the Chickahominy","The Illustrated London News","The Illustrated London News","The Illustrated London News, 2 prints","The Illustrated London News","The Illustrated London News","Pictorial Battles of the Civil War","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","The Youths' History of he United States","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Pictorial History of the War of 1861","by Edwin Forbes","The Soldier in Our Civil War","The Illustrated London News","The Illustrated London News","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Harper's Weekly","The Illustrated London News","by W. Peters; Harper's Weekly","Pictorial War Record","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition]","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition]","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition]","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition]","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","Harper's Weekly","by T.R. Davis; Harper's Weekly","by H. Lovie; The Soldier in Our Civil War","by Walter A. Lane; The Soldier in Our Civil War","by Henry Lovie; The Soldier in Our Civil War","by H. Lovie; The Soldier in Our Civil War","The Soldier in Our Civil War","Harper's Weekly","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly [Same image as 3.12 in folder 18]","The Illustrated London News","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly [Same image as 3.10 in folder 18]","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","Harper's Weekly [same image as 20.6 in folder 20]","Harper's Weekly [same image as 20.5 in folder 20]","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Loudon County","Harper's Weekly","The Illustrated London News","The Illustrated London News","Harper's Weekly [Same as image 2.21B and 2.21C in folder 26]","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly [Same image as 2.20A in folder 26]","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","The Illustrated London News","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","The Soldier in Our Civil War [Same image as 2.32A in folder 26]","The Soldier in our Civil War [Same image as 2.32B in folder 26]","by Edwin Forbes; The Soldier in Our Civil War","The Soldier in Our Civil War","Harper's History of the Great Rebellion","Harper's Weekly","Harper's Weekly","by Edwin Forbes; The Civil War in the United States","by Edwin Forbes; The Civil War in the United States","Harper's Weekly","Harper's Weekly","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Harper's Weekly [Same image as 2.31 in folder 26]","Harper's Weekly","Harper's Weekly","by Allen C. Redwood; Journal Article with Print Reproductions","by John Pope; Journal Article with Print Reproductions","by W. Momberger and J. C. McRae; Abbotts Civil War","by Penfield","by Mr. Edwin Forbes","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition]","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","Harper's Weekly","by Mr. Davenport; Harper's Weekly [Same image as 2.34 in folder 26]","The Illustrated London News","by Penfield; Harper's Weekly","Harper's Weekly","by F. O. C. Darley and W. Ridgway","by P. Meeder","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition]","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition]","by Edwin Forbes; Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Harper's Weekly [Same image as 2.12A in folder 26]","The Soldier in Our Civil War [Same image as 2.2A in folder 26]","The Soldier in our Civil War [Same image as 2.2B in folder 26]","Harper's Weekly","by Mr. Davenport; Harper's Weekly [Same image as 2.22 in folder 26]","Harper's Weekly","Harper's Weekly [Same image as 2.5A in folder 26]","By Edwin Forbes; The Civil War in the United States","by Currier and Ives","by Fisk and Russell; History of the Great Rebellion","The Civil War","Civil War in America/ War and Its Horrors","by M. D. McAlester","by Julius Bien and Co.","History of the Great Rebellion","Civil War in America, War and Its Horrors","by Capt. W. Angelo Powell","Harper's History of the Great Rebellion","by P. W. O. Koerner","by Maj. N. Michler","Harper's Weekly","by Andrew B. Graham Photo-Litho","by Rand McNally and Co.; Commercial Atlas","Rand McNally","Rand McNally","by the Geological Survey; U.S. Geological Survey","by the Geological Survey; U.S. Geological Survey","American Automobile Association","by L. L. Poates","History of the United States","Operations in Northeastern Virginia","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Harper's History of the Great Rebellion","by J. J. Young and W. Hesselbach; Surveys for Military Defenses, Sheet 1","by J. J. Young and W. Hesselbach; Surveys for Military Defenses, Sheet 2","by J. J. Young and W. Hesselbach; Surveys for Military Defenses, Sheet 2","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Eng. 2d Corps","Top Eng. 2d Corps","Top Engr. V.D.","Top Eng. V.D.","Top Eng. V.D.","Top Eng. A.V.D.","Top Eng. A.V.D.","Top Eng. A.V.D.","Top Engr. V.D.","by J. J. Young","by W. G. Atkinson","by Brig. Gen. D.P. Woodbury","by Brig. Gen. G.K. Warren","by Capt. W. Angelo Powell","Julius Bien and Co.","Julius Bien and Co.","Julius Bien and Co.","Julius Bien and Co.","Julius Bien and Co.","Julius Bien and Co.","Julius Bien and Co.","Julius Bien and Co.","Julius Bien and Co.","Julius Bien and Co.","Julius Bien and Co.","by John Pilsen; Julius Bien and Co.","by Franz Kappner; Julius Bien and Co.","by the geological Survey; U.S. Geological Survey","by the Geological Survey; U.S. Geological Survey","by the Geological Survey; U.S. Geological Survey","by A. Maedel, H. S. Barnard and A. Peterson; Survey of the Coast of the United States, Coast Survey Office","The Civil War","by Waters-Son N.Y.","by G. Woolworth Oolton N.Y.","by William J. Wilson","by Charles Magnus","by Fisk and Russell N.Y.","The Soldier in Our Civil War","Harper's Pictorial History of the Civil War","By Walker \u0026 Boutall","Harper's History of the Great Rebellion","Newspaper","The Illustrated London News","by Mr. Anton Kellner; Harper's Weekly","by Mr. Davenport; Harper's Weekly","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","The New-York Illustrated News","by J. E. Taylor; Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","by J. E. Taylor; Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Harper's Pictorial History of the Civil War","by J. Lansing and R. P. Johnson; Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","by James Lansing; Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","by Col. Battersby; Harper's Weekly","by R. F. Zogbaum; Harper's Weekly","By Edwin Forbes; The Civil War in the United States","By Edwin Forbes; The Civil War in the United States [Same image as 20.39 in folder 33]","The Soldier in Our Civil War","by Edwin Forbes; The Soldier in Our Civil War","by Edwin Forbes; The Soldier in Our Civil War","Ballou's Pictorial Drawing-Room Companion","Harpers Weekly","Ballou's Pictorial","The Soldier in our Civil War","The Illustrated London News [Same image as 20.12 in folder 33]","By Edwin Forbes; The Civil War in the United States [Same image as 20.28 in folder 33]","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition]","The Illustrated London News","Harper's Weekly","Pictorial Battles of the Civil War","Pictorial History of the War of 1861 [same image as 6.17A in folder 35]","Pictorial History of the War of 1861 [same image as 6.17B in folder 35]","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [same image as 6.9A in folder 35]","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [same image as 6.9B in folder 35]","Pictorial War Record","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [same image as 1.12]","The Illustrated London News [same image as 1.6 in folder 37]","The Illustrated London News","The Illustrated London News [same image as 1.3 in folder 37]","The Illustrated London News [same image as 1.1 in folder 37]","The Illustrated London News [same image as unnumbered in folder 37]","The Illustrated London News","The Illustrated London News [same image as unnumbered in folder 37]","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Picturesque America","Picturesque America","The Illustrated London News [same image as unnumbered in folder 37]","by E. S. Hall; Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Harper's Weekly","by Wm. L. Sheppard; Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Harper's History of the Great Rebellion","Harper's History of the Great Rebellion","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [2 copies]","The New York Illustrated News","by A. R. Waud; Pictorial War Record","By A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","Harper's Weekly","Harper's Weekly","Harper's Weekly","Harper's Weekly","by A. R. Waud; The Pictorial Battles of the Civil War","by Johnson and Ward","by Julius Bien and Co.","by Johnson and Ward","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Top Engr. Office, V.D.","Engineer Department. U.S. Army","Engineer Department. U.S. Army","The Illustrated London News","by Mr. Davenport; Harper's Weekly","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","Harper's Weekly [2 copies]","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition]","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","by Charles Sholt [?]; Harper's Weekly","by H. Lovie; The Soldier in Our Civil War","by Gilbert Gaul; Harpers Weekly","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","by Mr. A. R. Waud; Harper's Weekly","by H. Lovie; The Soldier in Our Civil War","The Soldier in Our Civil War","The Soldier in Our Civil War","The Confederate Soldier in the Civil War","[same image as 19.2A]","[same image as 19.2B]","The Civil War in the United States [same image as 19.1A]","The Civil War in the United States [same image as 19.1B]","By E. Forbes; Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","by Sol Eytinge; Harper's Weekly","Harper's Weekly","Harper's Weekly [same image as 15.4 in folder 46]","Harper's Weekly [same image as 15.3 in folder 46]","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","By Mr. Theodore R. Davis; Harper's Weekly","The Illustrated London News","The Illustrated London News","by E. F. Mullen; Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Harper's Weekly","The Soldier in Our Civil War [same image as 5.7 in folder 48]","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper [German Language Edition][same image as 5.6 in folder 48]","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","The Soldier in Our Civil War","Harper's Weekly (supplement)","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper","By Gen. Barnard; Defenses of Washington","By Gen. Barnard; Defenses of Washington","Cassell's Illustrated History of England","Harper's Weekly","Harper's Weekly"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePublic domain. There are no known restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Public domain. There are no known restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_dbd7a4df24b2682fee1bc6ec071e507a\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection contains images and maps depicting Northern Virginia. A majority of the images are contemporary illustrations of the Civil War in Virginia. Formats include wood engravings, steel engravings, lithographs, chromolithographs, and a manuscript.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection contains images and maps depicting Northern Virginia. A majority of the images are contemporary illustrations of the Civil War in Virginia. Formats include wood engravings, steel engravings, lithographs, chromolithographs, and a manuscript."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_a70d19fef0e8a7a6be4be2038580131d\"\u003eMap Case 11.5, 23.5-24.5\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Map Case 11.5, 23.5-24.5"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":471,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T05:12:58.124Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_144"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_683","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Nuremberg Chronicle leaf with woodcut illustrations","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_683#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Teigen, Philip M.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_683#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Single leaf from Folio CXVII of the Nuremberg Chroncile featuring woodcut illustrations.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_683#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_683","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_683","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_683","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_683","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_683.xml","title_ssm":["Nuremberg Chronicle leaf with woodcut illustrations"],"title_tesim":["Nuremberg Chronicle leaf with woodcut illustrations"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1492-1493"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1492-1493"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0398","/repositories/2/resources/683"],"text":["C0398","/repositories/2/resources/683","Nuremberg Chronicle leaf with woodcut illustrations","Middle Ages","Books -- History -- 1450-1600","Incunabula","Manuscripts, Medieval","Manuscripts","Wood engravings","There are no access restrictions.","This is a single item collection.","Nuvoloni, Laura. n.d. \"Treasures of the Library : Nuremberg Chronicle.\" Cambridge Digital Library. Accessed October 23, 2023. https://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk//view/PR-INC-00000-A-00007-00002-00888/416.","\"Registrum Huius Operis Libri Cronicarum Cum Figuris et Ymagibus Ab Inicio Mundi.\" n.d. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Accessed October 23, 2023. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/338301.","Stillo, Stephanie. n.d. \"Incunabula: The Art \u0026 History of Printing in Western Europe, c. 1450-1500.\" Library of Congress. Accessed October 23, 2023. https://www.loc.gov/ghe/cascade/index.html?appid=580edae150234258a49a3eeb58d9121c.","\"Woodcut.\" n.d. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Accessed October 23, 2023. https://www3.metmuseum.org/about-the-met/collection-areas/drawings-and-prints/materials-and-techniques/printmaking/woodcut.","The Liber Chronicarum, also known as the Nuremberg Chronicle, was published in Nuremberg, Germany by Anton Koberger in 1493 and is considered one of the most important German incunabula and the most extensively illustrated book of the 15th century. Written in Latin by German physician and humanist Hartmann Schedel, the Nuremberg Chronicle uses both text and images to present a history of the Christian world from its creation through the present day of the early 1490s. Koberger's shop printed the Latin edition between May 1492 and October 1493 and a later German language edition was commissioned and published between January and December 1493. Both editions contain over 1800 images created by Nuremberg artists Michael Wolgemut and Wilhelm Pleydenwurff from roughly 640 woodblocks. ","The oldest form of printmaking, woodblock printing, or woodcut, is a relief process in which a design is cut into the surface of a wooden block, leaving raised areas that are then inked and printed onto paper. Since the cut areas are recessed, the ink only adheres to the raised design areas. Additionally, the woodcut's printed design appears on the paper in reverse of the original cut into the wooden block.","When the movable-type printing press was introduced to Western Europe by German Johannes Gutenberg circa 1455 it led to immediate and rapid productivity in the craft and business of printing. The term incunabula, which comes from the Latin meaning \"swaddling, clothes, cradle\", is used to refer to these early books printed between 1455 - 1501, or those \"in the cradle\" of the printed word. German printmaker Anton Koberger established a large and profitable printing business in Nuremberg by the 1490s, running twenty presses, and helped make the city one of the most prolific centers of incunabula printing.","Processing and finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner from October - November 2023.","The Special Collections Research Center holds other materials related to the Middle Ages in Europe, such as the  Bernard Brenner brass rubbings collection .","The Rare Books Collection  in Mullen Library, part of Special Collections at the Catholic University of America, holds a large collection of over 100 incunabula.","Single leaf from Folio CXVII of the Nuremberg Chroncile featuring woodcut illustrations. One page shows images of six Roman Emperors under the heading \"Linea Imperatom\" and one page shows images of seven individuals, all likely significant Roman figures. All text and images are printed in black and white.","Public Domain. There are no known restrictions.","Single leaf from Folio CXVII of the Nuremberg Chroncile featuring woodcut illustrations.","Map case 16.2","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Teigen, Philip M.","Koberger, Anton, approximately 1440-1513","Schedel, Hartmann, 1440-1514","German, Middle High (ca.1050-1500) \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["C0398","/repositories/2/resources/683"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Nuremberg Chronicle leaf with woodcut illustrations"],"collection_title_tesim":["Nuremberg Chronicle leaf with woodcut illustrations"],"collection_ssim":["Nuremberg Chronicle leaf with woodcut illustrations"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["Teigen, Philip M.","Koberger, Anton, approximately 1440-1513","Schedel, Hartmann, 1440-1514"],"creator_ssim":["Teigen, Philip M.","Koberger, Anton, approximately 1440-1513","Schedel, Hartmann, 1440-1514"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Teigen, Philip M.","Koberger, Anton, approximately 1440-1513","Schedel, Hartmann, 1440-1514"],"creators_ssim":["Teigen, Philip M.","Koberger, Anton, approximately 1440-1513","Schedel, Hartmann, 1440-1514"],"access_terms_ssm":["Public Domain. There are no known restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Phillip Teigen in 2014."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Middle Ages","Books -- History -- 1450-1600","Incunabula","Manuscripts, Medieval","Manuscripts","Wood engravings"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Middle Ages","Books -- History -- 1450-1600","Incunabula","Manuscripts, Medieval","Manuscripts","Wood engravings"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".01 Linear Feet 1 item"],"extent_tesim":[".01 Linear Feet 1 item"],"genreform_ssim":["Manuscripts","Wood engravings"],"date_range_isim":[1492,1493],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis is a single item collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This is a single item collection."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNuvoloni, Laura. n.d. \"Treasures of the Library : Nuremberg Chronicle.\" Cambridge Digital Library. Accessed October 23, 2023. https://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk//view/PR-INC-00000-A-00007-00002-00888/416.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Registrum Huius Operis Libri Cronicarum Cum Figuris et Ymagibus Ab Inicio Mundi.\" n.d. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Accessed October 23, 2023. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/338301.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eStillo, Stephanie. n.d. \"Incunabula: The Art \u0026amp; History of Printing in Western Europe, c. 1450-1500.\" Library of Congress. Accessed October 23, 2023. https://www.loc.gov/ghe/cascade/index.html?appid=580edae150234258a49a3eeb58d9121c.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Woodcut.\" n.d. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Accessed October 23, 2023. https://www3.metmuseum.org/about-the-met/collection-areas/drawings-and-prints/materials-and-techniques/printmaking/woodcut.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Nuvoloni, Laura. n.d. \"Treasures of the Library : Nuremberg Chronicle.\" Cambridge Digital Library. Accessed October 23, 2023. https://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk//view/PR-INC-00000-A-00007-00002-00888/416.","\"Registrum Huius Operis Libri Cronicarum Cum Figuris et Ymagibus Ab Inicio Mundi.\" n.d. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Accessed October 23, 2023. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/338301.","Stillo, Stephanie. n.d. \"Incunabula: The Art \u0026 History of Printing in Western Europe, c. 1450-1500.\" Library of Congress. Accessed October 23, 2023. https://www.loc.gov/ghe/cascade/index.html?appid=580edae150234258a49a3eeb58d9121c.","\"Woodcut.\" n.d. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Accessed October 23, 2023. https://www3.metmuseum.org/about-the-met/collection-areas/drawings-and-prints/materials-and-techniques/printmaking/woodcut."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Liber Chronicarum, also known as the Nuremberg Chronicle, was published in Nuremberg, Germany by Anton Koberger in 1493 and is considered one of the most important German incunabula and the most extensively illustrated book of the 15th century. Written in Latin by German physician and humanist Hartmann Schedel, the Nuremberg Chronicle uses both text and images to present a history of the Christian world from its creation through the present day of the early 1490s. Koberger's shop printed the Latin edition between May 1492 and October 1493 and a later German language edition was commissioned and published between January and December 1493. Both editions contain over 1800 images created by Nuremberg artists Michael Wolgemut and Wilhelm Pleydenwurff from roughly 640 woodblocks. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe oldest form of printmaking, woodblock printing, or woodcut, is a relief process in which a design is cut into the surface of a wooden block, leaving raised areas that are then inked and printed onto paper. Since the cut areas are recessed, the ink only adheres to the raised design areas. Additionally, the woodcut's printed design appears on the paper in reverse of the original cut into the wooden block.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhen the movable-type printing press was introduced to Western Europe by German Johannes Gutenberg circa 1455 it led to immediate and rapid productivity in the craft and business of printing. The term incunabula, which comes from the Latin meaning \"swaddling, clothes, cradle\", is used to refer to these early books printed between 1455 - 1501, or those \"in the cradle\" of the printed word. German printmaker Anton Koberger established a large and profitable printing business in Nuremberg by the 1490s, running twenty presses, and helped make the city one of the most prolific centers of incunabula printing.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Liber Chronicarum, also known as the Nuremberg Chronicle, was published in Nuremberg, Germany by Anton Koberger in 1493 and is considered one of the most important German incunabula and the most extensively illustrated book of the 15th century. Written in Latin by German physician and humanist Hartmann Schedel, the Nuremberg Chronicle uses both text and images to present a history of the Christian world from its creation through the present day of the early 1490s. Koberger's shop printed the Latin edition between May 1492 and October 1493 and a later German language edition was commissioned and published between January and December 1493. Both editions contain over 1800 images created by Nuremberg artists Michael Wolgemut and Wilhelm Pleydenwurff from roughly 640 woodblocks. ","The oldest form of printmaking, woodblock printing, or woodcut, is a relief process in which a design is cut into the surface of a wooden block, leaving raised areas that are then inked and printed onto paper. Since the cut areas are recessed, the ink only adheres to the raised design areas. Additionally, the woodcut's printed design appears on the paper in reverse of the original cut into the wooden block.","When the movable-type printing press was introduced to Western Europe by German Johannes Gutenberg circa 1455 it led to immediate and rapid productivity in the craft and business of printing. The term incunabula, which comes from the Latin meaning \"swaddling, clothes, cradle\", is used to refer to these early books printed between 1455 - 1501, or those \"in the cradle\" of the printed word. 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Accessed October 23, 2023. https://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk//view/PR-INC-00000-A-00007-00002-00888/416.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Registrum Huius Operis Libri Cronicarum Cum Figuris et Ymagibus Ab Inicio Mundi.\" n.d. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Accessed October 23, 2023. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/338301.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eStillo, Stephanie. n.d. \"Incunabula: The Art \u0026amp; History of Printing in Western Europe, c. 1450-1500.\" Library of Congress. Accessed October 23, 2023. https://www.loc.gov/ghe/cascade/index.html?appid=580edae150234258a49a3eeb58d9121c.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Woodcut.\" n.d. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. 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