{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Women--History.\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Women--History.\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026page=1"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":2,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"vi_vi00542","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Highland County (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, 1852-1867","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi00542#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Highland County (Va.) Circuit Court.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi00542#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eHighland county (Va.) 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Commonwealth Causes, 1852-1867, are criminal court cases and consist primarily of warrants, summons, and indictments handed down by grand juries and other legal authorities in order to prosecute individuals who violated the penal code. These offenses ranged in severity from assault and battery to larceny to murder. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eWarrants were issued by grand juries, judges, and justices of the peace directing law enforcement officials to either arrest and imprison a person suspected of having committed a crime or to cause an individual to appear in court to answer accusations made against them. Peace warrants directing an offender to \"keep the peace of the Commonwealth\" or to restrain from any violent acts are commonly found in assault and battery cases.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSummonses were used to call a suspected person to appear in court. 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These offenses ranged in severity from assault and battery to larceny to murder.","Warrants were issued by grand juries, judges, and justices of the peace directing law enforcement officials to either arrest and imprison a person suspected of having committed a crime or to cause an individual to appear in court to answer accusations made against them. Peace warrants directing an offender to \"keep the peace of the Commonwealth\" or to restrain from any violent acts are commonly found in assault and battery cases.","Summonses were used to call a suspected person to appear in court. A summons could also be issued to direct witnesses or victims to come before the court in order to provide evidence or information deemed pertinent to a case.","An indictment is the official, written description of the crime that an accused individual is suspected of committing, which is approved by a grand jury and presented to a court in order to begin legal proceedings. 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These offenses ranged in severity from assault and battery to larceny to murder.","Warrants were issued by grand juries, judges, and justices of the peace directing law enforcement officials to either arrest and imprison a person suspected of having committed a crime or to cause an individual to appear in court to answer accusations made against them. Peace warrants directing an offender to \"keep the peace of the Commonwealth\" or to restrain from any violent acts are commonly found in assault and battery cases.","Summonses were used to call a suspected person to appear in court. A summons could also be issued to direct witnesses or victims to come before the court in order to provide evidence or information deemed pertinent to a case.","An indictment is the official, written description of the crime that an accused individual is suspected of committing, which is approved by a grand jury and presented to a court in order to begin legal proceedings. Due to this process, indictments are often referred to as \"presentments.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e\n      "],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia"],"corpname_ssim":["Highland County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"names_ssim":["Highland County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":3,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:22:54.666Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi00542"}},{"id":"vi_vi05017","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Powhatan County (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, 1850-1881","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05017#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05017#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003ePowhatan county (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, 1850-1881, are criminal court cases and indictments handed down by grand juries in order to prosecute individuals who violated the penal code. The majority of the commonwealth causes involve Free African Americans indicted for remaining in the Commonweath more than one year. One commonwealth cause is a murder case that involves individuals associated with the Ku Klux Klan. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05017#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi05017","ead_ssi":"vi_vi05017","_root_":"vi_vi05017","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi05017","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi05017.xml","title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, 1850-1881"],"title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, 1850-1881"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, 1850-1881"],"text":["Powhatan County (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, 1850-1881","0007619199","African Americans--History.","Women--History.","Indictments--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Local government records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Verdicts--Virginia--Powhatan County.",".45 cu. ft. (1 box)","There are no restrictions.","Powhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850. The county seat is Powhatan.","In 1806, the General Assembly passed a law to suppress the manumissions of slaves by tying emancipation with deportation. The law stated that all emancipated slaves, freed after May 1, 1806, who remained in the Commonwealth more than a year would forfeit their right to freedom and be sold by the Overseers of the Poor for the benefit of the parish.","Additional unprocessed Powhatan County commowealth causes and court records are available at the Library of Virginia.","Additional Powhatan County Court Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Powhatan county (Va.) 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(1 box)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850. The county seat is Powhatan.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1806, the General Assembly passed a law to suppress the manumissions of slaves by tying emancipation with deportation. The law stated that all emancipated slaves, freed after May 1, 1806, who remained in the Commonwealth more than a year would forfeit their right to freedom and be sold by the Overseers of the Poor for the benefit of the parish.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Powhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850. The county seat is Powhatan.","In 1806, the General Assembly passed a law to suppress the manumissions of slaves by tying emancipation with deportation. The law stated that all emancipated slaves, freed after May 1, 1806, who remained in the Commonwealth more than a year would forfeit their right to freedom and be sold by the Overseers of the Poor for the benefit of the parish."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, 1850-1881. Local government records collection, Powhatan County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, 1850-1881. Local government records collection, Powhatan County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional unprocessed Powhatan County commowealth causes and court records are available at the Library of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAdditional Powhatan County Court Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA219\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional unprocessed Powhatan County commowealth causes and court records are available at the Library of Virginia.","Additional Powhatan County Court Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\""],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan county (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, 1850-1881, are criminal court cases and indictments handed down by grand juries in order to prosecute individuals who violated the penal code. The majority of the commonwealth causes involve Free African Americans indicted for remaining in the Commonweath more than one year. 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