{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Women%27s+rights+--+History+--+20th+century+--+Southern+States\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1979","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Women%27s+rights+--+History+--+20th+century+--+Southern+States\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1979\u0026page=1"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":3,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_78","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"American Civil Liberties Union - Southern Women's Rights Project records","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_78#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Southern Women's Rights Project (American Civil Liberties Union)","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_78#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe American Civil Liberties Union Southern Women's Rights Project (SWRP) collection is composed of the organizational files used by the SWRP while it conducted grassroots efforts in the Southern United States to campaign for women's rights. The bulk of the collection consists of administrative and subject files Betsy Brinson used during her tenure as project coordinator. Other aspects of the collection include ACLU administrative files, correspondence with Southern ACLU offices and partner organizations, and compilations of notable legislation from southern states. This collection provides insight into the ACLU-SWRP's goals during Betsy Brinson's tenure as project coordinator and documents the project's efforts in encouraging the growth of grassroots activism to improve women's rights in the South.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_78#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_78","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_78","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_78","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_78","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_78.xml","title_filing_ssi":"American Civil Liberties Union - Southern Women's Rights Project records","title_ssm":["American Civil Liberties Union - Southern Women's Rights Project records"],"title_tesim":["American Civil Liberties Union - Southern Women's Rights Project records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1972-1981"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1972-1981"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 178","/repositories/5/resources/78"],"text":["M 178","/repositories/5/resources/78","American Civil Liberties Union - Southern Women's Rights Project records","Women's rights -- History -- 20th century -- Southern States","Women -- Legal status, laws, etc. -- History -- 20th century -- Southern States","Sex discrimination against women -- History -- 20th century -- Southern States","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged into five series: Series 1: Administrative Files, 1972-1981, Series 2: Correspondence, 1977-1980, Series 3: State Legislation, 1976-1977, Series 4: Subject Files, 1972-1981, and Series 5: Publications and Periodicals, 1975-1981.","The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) was formed in 1920 by Roger Baldwin and his associates in response to the Palmer Raids, which targeted and abused alleged communist sympathizers in the United States. At its founding, the ACLU's primary objective wass to \"defend and preserve the individual rights and liberties guaranteed\" by the Constitution. The group pursued this objective through the use of lobbying and litigation. It currently consists of more than 1.2 million members, is active in all fifty states, and continues to pursue its original goal.","In 1977, members of the ACLU formed a project within the organization known as the Southern Women's Rights Project (SWRP), headquartered in Richmond, VA. This project reported to and shared the goals of the ACLU's existing Women's Rights Project (WRP) founded by Ruth Bader Ginsburg in 1972; however, it primarily focused on states in the American South. Its main objective was to coordinate regional advocacy efforts and programs, and to determine policy expanding women's rights that the ACLU could affect through lobbying and litigation. The SWRP focused heavily on issues related to female employment in fields such as the military, police force, mining, and various forms of manual labor. ","Betsy Brinson, who had previously led the ACLU offices in North Carolina (1970-1974) and Virginia (1974-1977), headed the SWRP from 1977 to 1981. During her tenure, Brinson conducted research and fieldwork to determine areas of focus for the project. She corresponded with various ACLU state offices in southern states to organize collaborative conferences, workshops, and studies. Her work led to partnerships with organizations such as the Women's Coal Employment Project and Southerners for Economic Justice. The SWRP's efforts enabled the ACLU to effectively lobby for laws and assist in litigation related to women's rights issues in the South. Brinson left her position as project lead in 1981 to work for the Young Women's Leadership Alliance (YWCA).","Concurrent with Brinson's departure, the SWRP experienced a reduced budget and a shift in the ACLU administration's priorities. These challenges led to the SWRP's dissolution. The remaining project funds were dispersed to affiliate offices in the South to further support women's issues. The ACLU's Women's Rights Project absorbed the SWRP's regional responsibilities and goals after its dissolution.","The American Civil Liberties Union Southern Women's Rights Project (SWRP) collection is composed of the organizational files used by the SWRP while it conducted grassroots efforts in the Southern United States to campaign for women's rights. The bulk of the collection consists of administrative and subject files Betsy Brinson used during her tenure as project coordinator. Other aspects of the collection include ACLU administrative files, correspondence with Southern ACLU offices and partner organizations, and compilations of notable legislation from southern states. This collection provides insight into the ACLU-SWRP's goals during Betsy Brinson's tenure as project coordinator and documents the project's efforts in encouraging the growth of grassroots activism to improve women's rights in the South.","Series 1 is composed primarily of files used to administer the SWRP. These administrative files include quarterly reports, staff council minutes, policy and mission statements, legal permits, conference planning, formal complaints, and litigation paperwork. The bulk of the administrative files are made up of the conference planning documents for various states, regions, and topics. This series supplies insight into the inner workings of the SWRP and its logistical processes and challenges.","Series 2: Correspondence is composed of Betsy Brinson's professional correspondence with individuals and partner organizations in the Southern United States to facilitate grassroots support for the SWRP and its goals. The correspondence is primarily with ACLU offices in the South that Brinson collaborated with to plan events, workshops, canvassing, mailing campaigns, sub-projects, and conferences. ","Brinson corresponded with offices located in Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, Louisiana, North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida, Tennessee, and Virginia. Accompanying the office correspondence are contact lists and directories used by the SWRP to coordinate mailing campaigns in each state. Also included is correspondence with SWRP sponsor organizations and individual SWRP organizers such as Liz Wheaton.","Additionally, the series includes correspondence from outside organizations and individuals categorized by topic. These topics include complaints levied at the SWRP or ACLU in general, project-specific correspondence such as the Battered Women Project and Prison Death Penalty Project, and legal requests from individuals in southern states. ","The material highlights Brinson's engagement with new contacts in addition to those of the existing ACLU network of affiliates in the Southern United States, and her attempts to use this network to advance the SWRP's goals.","Series 3: State Legislation is composed of pieces of legislation from southern states deemed of note and compiled by the SWRP including published copies of house resolutions, bills, acts, laws, and executive orders. The legislation is from the states of Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, North Carolina, and South Carolina. This series indicates the types of legislation the SWRP targeted for litigation and lobbying at the start of its existence. ","Series 4: Subject Files is the largest series of the collection, comprising nine subseries covering a broad range of issues related to women and their place in Southern society. Topics include abortion, employment, reproductive rights, women in prison, and the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), among others. Subject files with content that does not fall within the topical range of other subseries are included in the Subject Files - General subseries. The files contain material relevant to the topics, including promotional literature, studies, articles, previous court cases, handbooks, and correspondence. A notable file in this subseries regards Ruth Bader Ginsberg's visit to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, including a letter from Ginsberg advocating for the SWRP's efforts in the region.","These subject files shed light on the SWRP's broader goals and activities. The SWRP sought to establish partnerships with various groups and identified issues significant to women's rights in an effort to form a unified grassroots movement advancing women's rights.","Series 5: Publications and Periodicals is comprised of published material used by the SWRP for research purposes. These include essays, studies, reports, handbooks, newsletters, and periodicals. They cover a breadth of topics related to the state of women's rights in the south including access to health care, homeownership, financial status, and reproductive rights. The material is arranged by type of publication. This series represents the types of publications the SWRP referenced to further its goals. ","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Southern Women's Rights Project (American Civil Liberties Union)","Brinson, Betsy","English \n.    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At its founding, the ACLU's primary objective wass to \"defend and preserve the individual rights and liberties guaranteed\" by the Constitution. The group pursued this objective through the use of lobbying and litigation. It currently consists of more than 1.2 million members, is active in all fifty states, and continues to pursue its original goal.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1977, members of the ACLU formed a project within the organization known as the Southern Women's Rights Project (SWRP), headquartered in Richmond, VA. This project reported to and shared the goals of the ACLU's existing Women's Rights Project (WRP) founded by Ruth Bader Ginsburg in 1972; however, it primarily focused on states in the American South. Its main objective was to coordinate regional advocacy efforts and programs, and to determine policy expanding women's rights that the ACLU could affect through lobbying and litigation. The SWRP focused heavily on issues related to female employment in fields such as the military, police force, mining, and various forms of manual labor. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBetsy Brinson, who had previously led the ACLU offices in North Carolina (1970-1974) and Virginia (1974-1977), headed the SWRP from 1977 to 1981. During her tenure, Brinson conducted research and fieldwork to determine areas of focus for the project. She corresponded with various ACLU state offices in southern states to organize collaborative conferences, workshops, and studies. Her work led to partnerships with organizations such as the Women's Coal Employment Project and Southerners for Economic Justice. The SWRP's efforts enabled the ACLU to effectively lobby for laws and assist in litigation related to women's rights issues in the South. Brinson left her position as project lead in 1981 to work for the Young Women's Leadership Alliance (YWCA).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eConcurrent with Brinson's departure, the SWRP experienced a reduced budget and a shift in the ACLU administration's priorities. These challenges led to the SWRP's dissolution. The remaining project funds were dispersed to affiliate offices in the South to further support women's issues. The ACLU's Women's Rights Project absorbed the SWRP's regional responsibilities and goals after its dissolution.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) was formed in 1920 by Roger Baldwin and his associates in response to the Palmer Raids, which targeted and abused alleged communist sympathizers in the United States. At its founding, the ACLU's primary objective wass to \"defend and preserve the individual rights and liberties guaranteed\" by the Constitution. The group pursued this objective through the use of lobbying and litigation. It currently consists of more than 1.2 million members, is active in all fifty states, and continues to pursue its original goal.","In 1977, members of the ACLU formed a project within the organization known as the Southern Women's Rights Project (SWRP), headquartered in Richmond, VA. This project reported to and shared the goals of the ACLU's existing Women's Rights Project (WRP) founded by Ruth Bader Ginsburg in 1972; however, it primarily focused on states in the American South. Its main objective was to coordinate regional advocacy efforts and programs, and to determine policy expanding women's rights that the ACLU could affect through lobbying and litigation. The SWRP focused heavily on issues related to female employment in fields such as the military, police force, mining, and various forms of manual labor. ","Betsy Brinson, who had previously led the ACLU offices in North Carolina (1970-1974) and Virginia (1974-1977), headed the SWRP from 1977 to 1981. During her tenure, Brinson conducted research and fieldwork to determine areas of focus for the project. She corresponded with various ACLU state offices in southern states to organize collaborative conferences, workshops, and studies. Her work led to partnerships with organizations such as the Women's Coal Employment Project and Southerners for Economic Justice. The SWRP's efforts enabled the ACLU to effectively lobby for laws and assist in litigation related to women's rights issues in the South. Brinson left her position as project lead in 1981 to work for the Young Women's Leadership Alliance (YWCA).","Concurrent with Brinson's departure, the SWRP experienced a reduced budget and a shift in the ACLU administration's priorities. These challenges led to the SWRP's dissolution. The remaining project funds were dispersed to affiliate offices in the South to further support women's issues. The ACLU's Women's Rights Project absorbed the SWRP's regional responsibilities and goals after its dissolution."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAmerican Civil Liberties Union - Southern Women's Rights Project records, 1972-1981, Collection # M 178, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["American Civil Liberties Union - Southern Women's Rights Project records, 1972-1981, Collection # M 178, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe American Civil Liberties Union Southern Women's Rights Project (SWRP) collection is composed of the organizational files used by the SWRP while it conducted grassroots efforts in the Southern United States to campaign for women's rights. The bulk of the collection consists of administrative and subject files Betsy Brinson used during her tenure as project coordinator. Other aspects of the collection include ACLU administrative files, correspondence with Southern ACLU offices and partner organizations, and compilations of notable legislation from southern states. This collection provides insight into the ACLU-SWRP's goals during Betsy Brinson's tenure as project coordinator and documents the project's efforts in encouraging the growth of grassroots activism to improve women's rights in the South.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1 is composed primarily of files used to administer the SWRP. These administrative files include quarterly reports, staff council minutes, policy and mission statements, legal permits, conference planning, formal complaints, and litigation paperwork. The bulk of the administrative files are made up of the conference planning documents for various states, regions, and topics. This series supplies insight into the inner workings of the SWRP and its logistical processes and challenges.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Correspondence is composed of Betsy Brinson's professional correspondence with individuals and partner organizations in the Southern United States to facilitate grassroots support for the SWRP and its goals. The correspondence is primarily with ACLU offices in the South that Brinson collaborated with to plan events, workshops, canvassing, mailing campaigns, sub-projects, and conferences. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBrinson corresponded with offices located in Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, Louisiana, North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida, Tennessee, and Virginia. Accompanying the office correspondence are contact lists and directories used by the SWRP to coordinate mailing campaigns in each state. Also included is correspondence with SWRP sponsor organizations and individual SWRP organizers such as Liz Wheaton.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, the series includes correspondence from outside organizations and individuals categorized by topic. These topics include complaints levied at the SWRP or ACLU in general, project-specific correspondence such as the Battered Women Project and Prison Death Penalty Project, and legal requests from individuals in southern states. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe material highlights Brinson's engagement with new contacts in addition to those of the existing ACLU network of affiliates in the Southern United States, and her attempts to use this network to advance the SWRP's goals.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: State Legislation is composed of pieces of legislation from southern states deemed of note and compiled by the SWRP including published copies of house resolutions, bills, acts, laws, and executive orders. The legislation is from the states of Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, North Carolina, and South Carolina. This series indicates the types of legislation the SWRP targeted for litigation and lobbying at the start of its existence. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Subject Files is the largest series of the collection, comprising nine subseries covering a broad range of issues related to women and their place in Southern society. Topics include abortion, employment, reproductive rights, women in prison, and the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), among others. Subject files with content that does not fall within the topical range of other subseries are included in the Subject Files - General subseries. The files contain material relevant to the topics, including promotional literature, studies, articles, previous court cases, handbooks, and correspondence. A notable file in this subseries regards Ruth Bader Ginsberg's visit to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, including a letter from Ginsberg advocating for the SWRP's efforts in the region.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThese subject files shed light on the SWRP's broader goals and activities. The SWRP sought to establish partnerships with various groups and identified issues significant to women's rights in an effort to form a unified grassroots movement advancing women's rights.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Publications and Periodicals is comprised of published material used by the SWRP for research purposes. These include essays, studies, reports, handbooks, newsletters, and periodicals. They cover a breadth of topics related to the state of women's rights in the south including access to health care, homeownership, financial status, and reproductive rights. The material is arranged by type of publication. This series represents the types of publications the SWRP referenced to further its goals. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The American Civil Liberties Union Southern Women's Rights Project (SWRP) collection is composed of the organizational files used by the SWRP while it conducted grassroots efforts in the Southern United States to campaign for women's rights. The bulk of the collection consists of administrative and subject files Betsy Brinson used during her tenure as project coordinator. Other aspects of the collection include ACLU administrative files, correspondence with Southern ACLU offices and partner organizations, and compilations of notable legislation from southern states. This collection provides insight into the ACLU-SWRP's goals during Betsy Brinson's tenure as project coordinator and documents the project's efforts in encouraging the growth of grassroots activism to improve women's rights in the South.","Series 1 is composed primarily of files used to administer the SWRP. These administrative files include quarterly reports, staff council minutes, policy and mission statements, legal permits, conference planning, formal complaints, and litigation paperwork. The bulk of the administrative files are made up of the conference planning documents for various states, regions, and topics. This series supplies insight into the inner workings of the SWRP and its logistical processes and challenges.","Series 2: Correspondence is composed of Betsy Brinson's professional correspondence with individuals and partner organizations in the Southern United States to facilitate grassroots support for the SWRP and its goals. The correspondence is primarily with ACLU offices in the South that Brinson collaborated with to plan events, workshops, canvassing, mailing campaigns, sub-projects, and conferences. ","Brinson corresponded with offices located in Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, Louisiana, North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida, Tennessee, and Virginia. Accompanying the office correspondence are contact lists and directories used by the SWRP to coordinate mailing campaigns in each state. Also included is correspondence with SWRP sponsor organizations and individual SWRP organizers such as Liz Wheaton.","Additionally, the series includes correspondence from outside organizations and individuals categorized by topic. These topics include complaints levied at the SWRP or ACLU in general, project-specific correspondence such as the Battered Women Project and Prison Death Penalty Project, and legal requests from individuals in southern states. ","The material highlights Brinson's engagement with new contacts in addition to those of the existing ACLU network of affiliates in the Southern United States, and her attempts to use this network to advance the SWRP's goals.","Series 3: State Legislation is composed of pieces of legislation from southern states deemed of note and compiled by the SWRP including published copies of house resolutions, bills, acts, laws, and executive orders. The legislation is from the states of Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, North Carolina, and South Carolina. This series indicates the types of legislation the SWRP targeted for litigation and lobbying at the start of its existence. ","Series 4: Subject Files is the largest series of the collection, comprising nine subseries covering a broad range of issues related to women and their place in Southern society. Topics include abortion, employment, reproductive rights, women in prison, and the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), among others. Subject files with content that does not fall within the topical range of other subseries are included in the Subject Files - General subseries. The files contain material relevant to the topics, including promotional literature, studies, articles, previous court cases, handbooks, and correspondence. A notable file in this subseries regards Ruth Bader Ginsberg's visit to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, including a letter from Ginsberg advocating for the SWRP's efforts in the region.","These subject files shed light on the SWRP's broader goals and activities. The SWRP sought to establish partnerships with various groups and identified issues significant to women's rights in an effort to form a unified grassroots movement advancing women's rights.","Series 5: Publications and Periodicals is comprised of published material used by the SWRP for research purposes. These include essays, studies, reports, handbooks, newsletters, and periodicals. They cover a breadth of topics related to the state of women's rights in the south including access to health care, homeownership, financial status, and reproductive rights. The material is arranged by type of publication. This series represents the types of publications the SWRP referenced to further its goals. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_coll_ssim":["Southern Women's Rights Project (American Civil Liberties Union)","Brinson, Betsy"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Southern Women's Rights Project (American Civil Liberties Union)","Brinson, Betsy"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Southern Women's Rights Project (American Civil Liberties Union)"],"persname_ssim":["Brinson, Betsy"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    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At its founding, the ACLU's primary objective wass to \"defend and preserve the individual rights and liberties guaranteed\" by the Constitution. The group pursued this objective through the use of lobbying and litigation. It currently consists of more than 1.2 million members, is active in all fifty states, and continues to pursue its original goal.","In 1977, members of the ACLU formed a project within the organization known as the Southern Women's Rights Project (SWRP), headquartered in Richmond, VA. This project reported to and shared the goals of the ACLU's existing Women's Rights Project (WRP) founded by Ruth Bader Ginsburg in 1972; however, it primarily focused on states in the American South. Its main objective was to coordinate regional advocacy efforts and programs, and to determine policy expanding women's rights that the ACLU could affect through lobbying and litigation. The SWRP focused heavily on issues related to female employment in fields such as the military, police force, mining, and various forms of manual labor. ","Betsy Brinson, who had previously led the ACLU offices in North Carolina (1970-1974) and Virginia (1974-1977), headed the SWRP from 1977 to 1981. During her tenure, Brinson conducted research and fieldwork to determine areas of focus for the project. She corresponded with various ACLU state offices in southern states to organize collaborative conferences, workshops, and studies. Her work led to partnerships with organizations such as the Women's Coal Employment Project and Southerners for Economic Justice. The SWRP's efforts enabled the ACLU to effectively lobby for laws and assist in litigation related to women's rights issues in the South. Brinson left her position as project lead in 1981 to work for the Young Women's Leadership Alliance (YWCA).","Concurrent with Brinson's departure, the SWRP experienced a reduced budget and a shift in the ACLU administration's priorities. These challenges led to the SWRP's dissolution. The remaining project funds were dispersed to affiliate offices in the South to further support women's issues. The ACLU's Women's Rights Project absorbed the SWRP's regional responsibilities and goals after its dissolution.","The American Civil Liberties Union Southern Women's Rights Project (SWRP) collection is composed of the organizational files used by the SWRP while it conducted grassroots efforts in the Southern United States to campaign for women's rights. The bulk of the collection consists of administrative and subject files Betsy Brinson used during her tenure as project coordinator. Other aspects of the collection include ACLU administrative files, correspondence with Southern ACLU offices and partner organizations, and compilations of notable legislation from southern states. This collection provides insight into the ACLU-SWRP's goals during Betsy Brinson's tenure as project coordinator and documents the project's efforts in encouraging the growth of grassroots activism to improve women's rights in the South.","Series 1 is composed primarily of files used to administer the SWRP. These administrative files include quarterly reports, staff council minutes, policy and mission statements, legal permits, conference planning, formal complaints, and litigation paperwork. The bulk of the administrative files are made up of the conference planning documents for various states, regions, and topics. This series supplies insight into the inner workings of the SWRP and its logistical processes and challenges.","Series 2: Correspondence is composed of Betsy Brinson's professional correspondence with individuals and partner organizations in the Southern United States to facilitate grassroots support for the SWRP and its goals. The correspondence is primarily with ACLU offices in the South that Brinson collaborated with to plan events, workshops, canvassing, mailing campaigns, sub-projects, and conferences. ","Brinson corresponded with offices located in Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, Louisiana, North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida, Tennessee, and Virginia. Accompanying the office correspondence are contact lists and directories used by the SWRP to coordinate mailing campaigns in each state. Also included is correspondence with SWRP sponsor organizations and individual SWRP organizers such as Liz Wheaton.","Additionally, the series includes correspondence from outside organizations and individuals categorized by topic. These topics include complaints levied at the SWRP or ACLU in general, project-specific correspondence such as the Battered Women Project and Prison Death Penalty Project, and legal requests from individuals in southern states. ","The material highlights Brinson's engagement with new contacts in addition to those of the existing ACLU network of affiliates in the Southern United States, and her attempts to use this network to advance the SWRP's goals.","Series 3: State Legislation is composed of pieces of legislation from southern states deemed of note and compiled by the SWRP including published copies of house resolutions, bills, acts, laws, and executive orders. The legislation is from the states of Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, North Carolina, and South Carolina. This series indicates the types of legislation the SWRP targeted for litigation and lobbying at the start of its existence. ","Series 4: Subject Files is the largest series of the collection, comprising nine subseries covering a broad range of issues related to women and their place in Southern society. Topics include abortion, employment, reproductive rights, women in prison, and the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), among others. Subject files with content that does not fall within the topical range of other subseries are included in the Subject Files - General subseries. The files contain material relevant to the topics, including promotional literature, studies, articles, previous court cases, handbooks, and correspondence. A notable file in this subseries regards Ruth Bader Ginsberg's visit to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, including a letter from Ginsberg advocating for the SWRP's efforts in the region.","These subject files shed light on the SWRP's broader goals and activities. The SWRP sought to establish partnerships with various groups and identified issues significant to women's rights in an effort to form a unified grassroots movement advancing women's rights.","Series 5: Publications and Periodicals is comprised of published material used by the SWRP for research purposes. These include essays, studies, reports, handbooks, newsletters, and periodicals. They cover a breadth of topics related to the state of women's rights in the south including access to health care, homeownership, financial status, and reproductive rights. The material is arranged by type of publication. This series represents the types of publications the SWRP referenced to further its goals. ","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Southern Women's Rights Project (American Civil Liberties Union)","Brinson, Betsy","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["M 178","/repositories/5/resources/78"],"normalized_title_ssm":["American Civil Liberties Union - Southern Women's Rights Project records"],"collection_title_tesim":["American Civil Liberties Union - Southern Women's Rights Project records"],"collection_ssim":["American Civil Liberties Union - Southern Women's Rights Project records"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Southern Women's Rights Project (American Civil Liberties Union)","Brinson, Betsy","Brinson, Betsy"],"creator_ssim":["Southern Women's Rights Project (American Civil Liberties Union)","Brinson, Betsy","Brinson, Betsy"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Brinson, Betsy","Brinson, Betsy"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Southern Women's Rights Project (American Civil Liberties Union)"],"creators_ssim":["Brinson, Betsy","Brinson, Betsy","Southern Women's Rights Project (American Civil Liberties Union)"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Betsy Brinson on behalf of the ACLU in 1996."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women's rights -- History -- 20th century -- Southern States","Women -- Legal status, laws, etc. -- History -- 20th century -- Southern States","Sex discrimination against women -- History -- 20th century -- Southern States"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women's rights -- History -- 20th century -- Southern States","Women -- Legal status, laws, etc. -- History -- 20th century -- Southern States","Sex discrimination against women -- History -- 20th century -- Southern States"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["15.96 Linear Feet 38 document cases"],"extent_tesim":["15.96 Linear Feet 38 document cases"],"date_range_isim":[1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into five series: Series 1: Administrative Files, 1972-1981, Series 2: Correspondence, 1977-1980, Series 3: State Legislation, 1976-1977, Series 4: Subject Files, 1972-1981, and Series 5: Publications and Periodicals, 1975-1981.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into five series: Series 1: Administrative Files, 1972-1981, Series 2: Correspondence, 1977-1980, Series 3: State Legislation, 1976-1977, Series 4: Subject Files, 1972-1981, and Series 5: Publications and Periodicals, 1975-1981."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) was formed in 1920 by Roger Baldwin and his associates in response to the Palmer Raids, which targeted and abused alleged communist sympathizers in the United States. At its founding, the ACLU's primary objective wass to \"defend and preserve the individual rights and liberties guaranteed\" by the Constitution. The group pursued this objective through the use of lobbying and litigation. It currently consists of more than 1.2 million members, is active in all fifty states, and continues to pursue its original goal.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1977, members of the ACLU formed a project within the organization known as the Southern Women's Rights Project (SWRP), headquartered in Richmond, VA. This project reported to and shared the goals of the ACLU's existing Women's Rights Project (WRP) founded by Ruth Bader Ginsburg in 1972; however, it primarily focused on states in the American South. Its main objective was to coordinate regional advocacy efforts and programs, and to determine policy expanding women's rights that the ACLU could affect through lobbying and litigation. The SWRP focused heavily on issues related to female employment in fields such as the military, police force, mining, and various forms of manual labor. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBetsy Brinson, who had previously led the ACLU offices in North Carolina (1970-1974) and Virginia (1974-1977), headed the SWRP from 1977 to 1981. During her tenure, Brinson conducted research and fieldwork to determine areas of focus for the project. She corresponded with various ACLU state offices in southern states to organize collaborative conferences, workshops, and studies. Her work led to partnerships with organizations such as the Women's Coal Employment Project and Southerners for Economic Justice. The SWRP's efforts enabled the ACLU to effectively lobby for laws and assist in litigation related to women's rights issues in the South. Brinson left her position as project lead in 1981 to work for the Young Women's Leadership Alliance (YWCA).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eConcurrent with Brinson's departure, the SWRP experienced a reduced budget and a shift in the ACLU administration's priorities. These challenges led to the SWRP's dissolution. The remaining project funds were dispersed to affiliate offices in the South to further support women's issues. The ACLU's Women's Rights Project absorbed the SWRP's regional responsibilities and goals after its dissolution.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) was formed in 1920 by Roger Baldwin and his associates in response to the Palmer Raids, which targeted and abused alleged communist sympathizers in the United States. At its founding, the ACLU's primary objective wass to \"defend and preserve the individual rights and liberties guaranteed\" by the Constitution. The group pursued this objective through the use of lobbying and litigation. It currently consists of more than 1.2 million members, is active in all fifty states, and continues to pursue its original goal.","In 1977, members of the ACLU formed a project within the organization known as the Southern Women's Rights Project (SWRP), headquartered in Richmond, VA. This project reported to and shared the goals of the ACLU's existing Women's Rights Project (WRP) founded by Ruth Bader Ginsburg in 1972; however, it primarily focused on states in the American South. Its main objective was to coordinate regional advocacy efforts and programs, and to determine policy expanding women's rights that the ACLU could affect through lobbying and litigation. The SWRP focused heavily on issues related to female employment in fields such as the military, police force, mining, and various forms of manual labor. ","Betsy Brinson, who had previously led the ACLU offices in North Carolina (1970-1974) and Virginia (1974-1977), headed the SWRP from 1977 to 1981. During her tenure, Brinson conducted research and fieldwork to determine areas of focus for the project. She corresponded with various ACLU state offices in southern states to organize collaborative conferences, workshops, and studies. Her work led to partnerships with organizations such as the Women's Coal Employment Project and Southerners for Economic Justice. The SWRP's efforts enabled the ACLU to effectively lobby for laws and assist in litigation related to women's rights issues in the South. Brinson left her position as project lead in 1981 to work for the Young Women's Leadership Alliance (YWCA).","Concurrent with Brinson's departure, the SWRP experienced a reduced budget and a shift in the ACLU administration's priorities. These challenges led to the SWRP's dissolution. The remaining project funds were dispersed to affiliate offices in the South to further support women's issues. The ACLU's Women's Rights Project absorbed the SWRP's regional responsibilities and goals after its dissolution."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAmerican Civil Liberties Union - Southern Women's Rights Project records, 1972-1981, Collection # M 178, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["American Civil Liberties Union - Southern Women's Rights Project records, 1972-1981, Collection # M 178, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe American Civil Liberties Union Southern Women's Rights Project (SWRP) collection is composed of the organizational files used by the SWRP while it conducted grassroots efforts in the Southern United States to campaign for women's rights. The bulk of the collection consists of administrative and subject files Betsy Brinson used during her tenure as project coordinator. Other aspects of the collection include ACLU administrative files, correspondence with Southern ACLU offices and partner organizations, and compilations of notable legislation from southern states. This collection provides insight into the ACLU-SWRP's goals during Betsy Brinson's tenure as project coordinator and documents the project's efforts in encouraging the growth of grassroots activism to improve women's rights in the South.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1 is composed primarily of files used to administer the SWRP. These administrative files include quarterly reports, staff council minutes, policy and mission statements, legal permits, conference planning, formal complaints, and litigation paperwork. The bulk of the administrative files are made up of the conference planning documents for various states, regions, and topics. This series supplies insight into the inner workings of the SWRP and its logistical processes and challenges.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Correspondence is composed of Betsy Brinson's professional correspondence with individuals and partner organizations in the Southern United States to facilitate grassroots support for the SWRP and its goals. The correspondence is primarily with ACLU offices in the South that Brinson collaborated with to plan events, workshops, canvassing, mailing campaigns, sub-projects, and conferences. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBrinson corresponded with offices located in Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, Louisiana, North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida, Tennessee, and Virginia. Accompanying the office correspondence are contact lists and directories used by the SWRP to coordinate mailing campaigns in each state. Also included is correspondence with SWRP sponsor organizations and individual SWRP organizers such as Liz Wheaton.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, the series includes correspondence from outside organizations and individuals categorized by topic. These topics include complaints levied at the SWRP or ACLU in general, project-specific correspondence such as the Battered Women Project and Prison Death Penalty Project, and legal requests from individuals in southern states. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe material highlights Brinson's engagement with new contacts in addition to those of the existing ACLU network of affiliates in the Southern United States, and her attempts to use this network to advance the SWRP's goals.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: State Legislation is composed of pieces of legislation from southern states deemed of note and compiled by the SWRP including published copies of house resolutions, bills, acts, laws, and executive orders. The legislation is from the states of Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, North Carolina, and South Carolina. This series indicates the types of legislation the SWRP targeted for litigation and lobbying at the start of its existence. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Subject Files is the largest series of the collection, comprising nine subseries covering a broad range of issues related to women and their place in Southern society. Topics include abortion, employment, reproductive rights, women in prison, and the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), among others. Subject files with content that does not fall within the topical range of other subseries are included in the Subject Files - General subseries. The files contain material relevant to the topics, including promotional literature, studies, articles, previous court cases, handbooks, and correspondence. A notable file in this subseries regards Ruth Bader Ginsberg's visit to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, including a letter from Ginsberg advocating for the SWRP's efforts in the region.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThese subject files shed light on the SWRP's broader goals and activities. The SWRP sought to establish partnerships with various groups and identified issues significant to women's rights in an effort to form a unified grassroots movement advancing women's rights.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Publications and Periodicals is comprised of published material used by the SWRP for research purposes. These include essays, studies, reports, handbooks, newsletters, and periodicals. They cover a breadth of topics related to the state of women's rights in the south including access to health care, homeownership, financial status, and reproductive rights. The material is arranged by type of publication. This series represents the types of publications the SWRP referenced to further its goals. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The American Civil Liberties Union Southern Women's Rights Project (SWRP) collection is composed of the organizational files used by the SWRP while it conducted grassroots efforts in the Southern United States to campaign for women's rights. The bulk of the collection consists of administrative and subject files Betsy Brinson used during her tenure as project coordinator. Other aspects of the collection include ACLU administrative files, correspondence with Southern ACLU offices and partner organizations, and compilations of notable legislation from southern states. This collection provides insight into the ACLU-SWRP's goals during Betsy Brinson's tenure as project coordinator and documents the project's efforts in encouraging the growth of grassroots activism to improve women's rights in the South.","Series 1 is composed primarily of files used to administer the SWRP. These administrative files include quarterly reports, staff council minutes, policy and mission statements, legal permits, conference planning, formal complaints, and litigation paperwork. The bulk of the administrative files are made up of the conference planning documents for various states, regions, and topics. This series supplies insight into the inner workings of the SWRP and its logistical processes and challenges.","Series 2: Correspondence is composed of Betsy Brinson's professional correspondence with individuals and partner organizations in the Southern United States to facilitate grassroots support for the SWRP and its goals. The correspondence is primarily with ACLU offices in the South that Brinson collaborated with to plan events, workshops, canvassing, mailing campaigns, sub-projects, and conferences. ","Brinson corresponded with offices located in Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, Louisiana, North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida, Tennessee, and Virginia. Accompanying the office correspondence are contact lists and directories used by the SWRP to coordinate mailing campaigns in each state. Also included is correspondence with SWRP sponsor organizations and individual SWRP organizers such as Liz Wheaton.","Additionally, the series includes correspondence from outside organizations and individuals categorized by topic. These topics include complaints levied at the SWRP or ACLU in general, project-specific correspondence such as the Battered Women Project and Prison Death Penalty Project, and legal requests from individuals in southern states. ","The material highlights Brinson's engagement with new contacts in addition to those of the existing ACLU network of affiliates in the Southern United States, and her attempts to use this network to advance the SWRP's goals.","Series 3: State Legislation is composed of pieces of legislation from southern states deemed of note and compiled by the SWRP including published copies of house resolutions, bills, acts, laws, and executive orders. The legislation is from the states of Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, North Carolina, and South Carolina. This series indicates the types of legislation the SWRP targeted for litigation and lobbying at the start of its existence. ","Series 4: Subject Files is the largest series of the collection, comprising nine subseries covering a broad range of issues related to women and their place in Southern society. Topics include abortion, employment, reproductive rights, women in prison, and the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), among others. Subject files with content that does not fall within the topical range of other subseries are included in the Subject Files - General subseries. The files contain material relevant to the topics, including promotional literature, studies, articles, previous court cases, handbooks, and correspondence. A notable file in this subseries regards Ruth Bader Ginsberg's visit to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, including a letter from Ginsberg advocating for the SWRP's efforts in the region.","These subject files shed light on the SWRP's broader goals and activities. The SWRP sought to establish partnerships with various groups and identified issues significant to women's rights in an effort to form a unified grassroots movement advancing women's rights.","Series 5: Publications and Periodicals is comprised of published material used by the SWRP for research purposes. These include essays, studies, reports, handbooks, newsletters, and periodicals. They cover a breadth of topics related to the state of women's rights in the south including access to health care, homeownership, financial status, and reproductive rights. The material is arranged by type of publication. This series represents the types of publications the SWRP referenced to further its goals. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_coll_ssim":["Southern Women's Rights Project (American Civil Liberties Union)","Brinson, Betsy"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Southern Women's Rights Project (American Civil Liberties Union)","Brinson, Betsy"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Southern Women's Rights Project (American Civil Liberties Union)"],"persname_ssim":["Brinson, Betsy"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":327,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T04:41:36.823Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_78"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_567","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Elizabeth Smith collection of Virginia ERA Ratification Council records","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_567#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Smith, Elizabeth","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_567#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of materials acquired by Elizabeth Smith and includes a large quantity of materials created by or concerning the Virginia Equal Rights Amendment Ratification Council. Also included within this collection are items from a number of other organizations such as the National Organization for Women (NOW), American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), Homemakers for the ERA (HERA), the National Women's Party (NWP) and many other pro-ERA organizations of the time. The collection also holds materials documenting the anti-ERA voice of the same era. Materials found in the collection include reports, correspondence, minutes, agendas, printed materials, educational materials, lobbying materials, event ephemera, speeches, and a substantial quantity of clippings. The collection's contents illuminate the efforts of the Virginia Equal Rights Amendment Ratification Council and other organizations to advocate for the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment during the latter decades of the twentieth century.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_567#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_567","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_567","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_567","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_567","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_567.xml","title_ssm":["Elizabeth Smith collection of Virginia ERA Ratification Council records"],"title_tesim":["Elizabeth Smith collection of Virginia ERA Ratification Council records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1970-2002"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1970-2002"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 425","/repositories/5/resources/567"],"text":["M 425","/repositories/5/resources/567","Elizabeth Smith collection of Virginia ERA Ratification Council records","Women -- Political activity -- Virginia -- Richmond","Equal rights amendments -- Sources -- Virginia","Women political activists -- Virginia","Women's rights -- History -- 20th century -- Southern States","The collection is open for research.","The collection is organized in four series: Series 1: Organizational records, 1972-1996; Series 2: Pro-ERA Organizations, 1971-2002; Series 3: Subject Files, 1970-1996; Series 4: Clippings, 1971-1996.","Elizabeth Smith served as executive director the Virginia Equal Rights Amendment Ratification Council, and she continued to collect materials pertaining to the amendment throughout her time with the Council and in the years following. ","The Virginia Equal Rights Amendment Ratification Council was a coalition of multiple Virginia organizations brought together by the shared goal of advocating for the ratification of the amendment by Virginia's legislature. The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) states that \"equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.\" It was approved by the House of Representatives and the US Senate, and then submitted to the states for ratification in 1972. As of October 2018, the Virginia legislature has yet to ratify the ERA.","This collection consists of materials acquired by Elizabeth Smith and includes a large quantity of materials created by or concerning the Virginia Equal Rights Amendment Ratification Council. Also included within this collection are items from a number of other organizations such as the National Organization for Women (NOW), American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), Homemakers for the ERA (HERA), the National Women's Party (NWP) and many other pro-ERA organizations of the time. The collection also holds materials documenting the anti-ERA voice of the same era. Materials found in the collection include reports, correspondence, minutes, agendas, printed materials, educational materials, lobbying materials, event ephemera, speeches, and a substantial quantity of clippings. The collection's contents illuminate the efforts of the Virginia Equal Rights Amendment Ratification Council and other organizations to advocate for the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment during the latter decades of the twentieth century.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Virginia Equal Rights Amendment Ratification Council","Smith, Elizabeth","English \n.    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The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) states that \"equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.\" It was approved by the House of Representatives and the US Senate, and then submitted to the states for ratification in 1972. As of October 2018, the Virginia legislature has yet to ratify the ERA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Elizabeth Smith served as executive director the Virginia Equal Rights Amendment Ratification Council, and she continued to collect materials pertaining to the amendment throughout her time with the Council and in the years following. ","The Virginia Equal Rights Amendment Ratification Council was a coalition of multiple Virginia organizations brought together by the shared goal of advocating for the ratification of the amendment by Virginia's legislature. The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) states that \"equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.\" It was approved by the House of Representatives and the US Senate, and then submitted to the states for ratification in 1972. As of October 2018, the Virginia legislature has yet to ratify the ERA."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eElizabeth Smith collection of Virginia ERA Ratification Council records, 1970-2002, Collection # M 425, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Elizabeth Smith collection of Virginia ERA Ratification Council records, 1970-2002, Collection # M 425, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of materials acquired by Elizabeth Smith and includes a large quantity of materials created by or concerning the Virginia Equal Rights Amendment Ratification Council. Also included within this collection are items from a number of other organizations such as the National Organization for Women (NOW), American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), Homemakers for the ERA (HERA), the National Women's Party (NWP) and many other pro-ERA organizations of the time. The collection also holds materials documenting the anti-ERA voice of the same era. Materials found in the collection include reports, correspondence, minutes, agendas, printed materials, educational materials, lobbying materials, event ephemera, speeches, and a substantial quantity of clippings. 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Materials found in the collection include reports, correspondence, minutes, agendas, printed materials, educational materials, lobbying materials, event ephemera, speeches, and a substantial quantity of clippings. The collection's contents illuminate the efforts of the Virginia Equal Rights Amendment Ratification Council and other organizations to advocate for the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment during the latter decades of the twentieth century."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Virginia Equal Rights Amendment Ratification Council","Smith, Elizabeth"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Virginia Equal Rights Amendment Ratification Council"],"names_coll_ssim":["Smith, Elizabeth"],"persname_ssim":["Smith, Elizabeth"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    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","The Virginia Equal Rights Amendment Ratification Council was a coalition of multiple Virginia organizations brought together by the shared goal of advocating for the ratification of the amendment by Virginia's legislature. The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) states that \"equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.\" It was approved by the House of Representatives and the US Senate, and then submitted to the states for ratification in 1972. As of October 2018, the Virginia legislature has yet to ratify the ERA.","This collection consists of materials acquired by Elizabeth Smith and includes a large quantity of materials created by or concerning the Virginia Equal Rights Amendment Ratification Council. 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The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) states that \"equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.\" It was approved by the House of Representatives and the US Senate, and then submitted to the states for ratification in 1972. As of October 2018, the Virginia legislature has yet to ratify the ERA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Elizabeth Smith served as executive director the Virginia Equal Rights Amendment Ratification Council, and she continued to collect materials pertaining to the amendment throughout her time with the Council and in the years following. ","The Virginia Equal Rights Amendment Ratification Council was a coalition of multiple Virginia organizations brought together by the shared goal of advocating for the ratification of the amendment by Virginia's legislature. The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) states that \"equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.\" It was approved by the House of Representatives and the US Senate, and then submitted to the states for ratification in 1972. As of October 2018, the Virginia legislature has yet to ratify the ERA."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eElizabeth Smith collection of Virginia ERA Ratification Council records, 1970-2002, Collection # M 425, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Elizabeth Smith collection of Virginia ERA Ratification Council records, 1970-2002, Collection # M 425, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of materials acquired by Elizabeth Smith and includes a large quantity of materials created by or concerning the Virginia Equal Rights Amendment Ratification Council. Also included within this collection are items from a number of other organizations such as the National Organization for Women (NOW), American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), Homemakers for the ERA (HERA), the National Women's Party (NWP) and many other pro-ERA organizations of the time. The collection also holds materials documenting the anti-ERA voice of the same era. Materials found in the collection include reports, correspondence, minutes, agendas, printed materials, educational materials, lobbying materials, event ephemera, speeches, and a substantial quantity of clippings. The collection's contents illuminate the efforts of the Virginia Equal Rights Amendment Ratification Council and other organizations to advocate for the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment during the latter decades of the twentieth century.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of materials acquired by Elizabeth Smith and includes a large quantity of materials created by or concerning the Virginia Equal Rights Amendment Ratification Council. Also included within this collection are items from a number of other organizations such as the National Organization for Women (NOW), American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), Homemakers for the ERA (HERA), the National Women's Party (NWP) and many other pro-ERA organizations of the time. The collection also holds materials documenting the anti-ERA voice of the same era. Materials found in the collection include reports, correspondence, minutes, agendas, printed materials, educational materials, lobbying materials, event ephemera, speeches, and a substantial quantity of clippings. The collection's contents illuminate the efforts of the Virginia Equal Rights Amendment Ratification Council and other organizations to advocate for the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment during the latter decades of the twentieth century."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Virginia Equal Rights Amendment Ratification Council","Smith, Elizabeth"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Virginia Equal Rights Amendment Ratification Council"],"names_coll_ssim":["Smith, Elizabeth"],"persname_ssim":["Smith, Elizabeth"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    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The materials consist of correspondence with state officials, news clippings, ERA promotional materials, and general feminist materials. The collection provides insight into the efforts of second-wave feminists in their fight to ratify the ERA in Virginia. The bulk of the collection is comprised of materials used by Fishback while working with the ERA Ratification Council. Included are ERA promotional materials such as pamphlets, flyers, bumper stickers, petitions, and buttons. Fishback's administrative files contain copies of the ERA Ratification Council's bylaws, membership lists, and selected meeting minutes from 1982 to 1989. Copies of winning submissions to the ERA Ratification Council's essay contest are also within the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_581#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_581","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_581","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_581","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_581","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_581.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Fishback, Patricia, papers","title_ssm":["Patricia Fishback papers"],"title_tesim":["Patricia Fishback papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1973-2009"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1973-2009"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 514","/repositories/5/resources/581"],"text":["M 514","/repositories/5/resources/581","Patricia Fishback papers","Women -- Political activity -- Virginia -- Richmond","Equal rights amendments -- Sources -- Virginia","Women political activists -- Virginia","Women's rights -- History -- 20th century -- Southern States","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged alphabetically by subject.","Patricia Fishback is a feminist activist who lobbied  Virginia delegates on behalf of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) Ratification Council. She also engaged as an active member of the League of Women Voters of Virginia and the National Organization for Women (NOW).","Born in Lexington, Virginia in 1940, Fishback became a teacher of mathematics in the Richmond area. She taught in Henrico County public schools as well as acted as a specialist instructor at the Mathematics and Science Center of Richmond. Additionally, she was a founding member of the Greater Richmond Council of Teachers of Mathematics in 1986 and served on the governing board of the Junior Academy Science from 1984 to 1990.","Fishback became involved with the Virginia Equal Rights Amendment Ratification Council after its founding in 1974. The council was a coalition of women's rights groups, including NOW and the League of Women Voters, which lobbied politicians and led marches of the amendment's supporters throughout the 1970s and early 1980s. Fishback played an active role in the lobbying of politicians by writing letters and speeches on behalf of the council to urge delegates to support the ERA.","Fishback continues to advocate for the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment and women's rights in Virginia, remaining an active member of the League of Women Voters. She served as Coordinator of the Centennial Rally for Equal Rights in 2016 to commemorate the anniversary of suffragists beginning their protests in Virginia. She also spoke in support of the ERA at the Virginia Senate Rules Committee and the House Committee on Privileges and Elections in 2018.","\nSources: ","Patricia Davis Fishback, academic administrator, educator.   (Weblink)","League of Women Voters Biennial Convention - 2017.   (Article link)","\nSullivan, Patricia. \"Virginia's hopes of ERA ratification go down in flames this year.\"  Washington Post , February 9, 2018.   (Article link)","\nWilson, Patrick. \"Women pack committee rooms demanding Virginia debate Equal Rights Amendment.\"  Richmond Times-Disptach , February 9, 2018.   (Article link)","The Patricia Fishback papers, 1973-2009, is a collection of feminist literature and materials used by Patricia Fishback during her career advocating for the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) in the 1970s and 1980s. The materials consist of correspondence with state officials, news clippings, ERA promotional materials, and general feminist materials. The collection provides insight into the efforts of second-wave feminists in their fight to ratify the ERA in Virginia. The bulk of the collection is comprised of materials used by Fishback while working with the ERA Ratification Council. Included are ERA promotional materials such as pamphlets, flyers, bumper stickers, petitions, and buttons. Fishback's administrative files contain copies of the ERA Ratification Council's bylaws, membership lists, and selected meeting minutes from 1982 to 1989. Copies of winning submissions to the ERA Ratification Council's essay contest are also within the collection.","The correspondence is primarily between Fishback and Virginia members of Congress, requesting their support in upcoming votes for the ratification of the ERA on behalf of the ERA Ratification Council. Additional correspondents include other group representatives which made up the ERA Ratification Council such as the National Organization for Women.","The general feminist material in the collection consists of various handbooks regarding women's rights in Virginia and how the ERA would be able to improve and expand them. Guides, essays, and newsletters from organizations such as NOW explore the struggles women face daily and advocate for women to strive for meaningful change.","The news clippings include report of fluctuating support for the ERA in Virginia, as well as articles advocating for and against the proposed ratification. Other articles report on demonstrations across Virginia by ERA advocates. Also found in this collection are photographs of Fishback and other ERA supporters participating in protests and demonstrations in 1988.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Virginia Equal Rights Amendment Ratification Council","Fishback, Patricia D.","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["M 514","/repositories/5/resources/581"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Patricia Fishback papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Patricia Fishback papers"],"collection_ssim":["Patricia Fishback papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Fishback, Patricia D."],"creator_ssim":["Fishback, Patricia D."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Fishback, Patricia D."],"creators_ssim":["Fishback, Patricia D."],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was donated by Patricia Fishback in 2013."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women -- Political activity -- Virginia -- Richmond","Equal rights amendments -- Sources -- Virginia","Women political activists -- Virginia","Women's rights -- History -- 20th century -- Southern States"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women -- Political activity -- Virginia -- Richmond","Equal rights amendments -- Sources -- Virginia","Women political activists -- Virginia","Women's rights -- History -- 20th century -- Southern States"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.84 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["0.84 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged alphabetically by subject.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged alphabetically by subject."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePatricia Fishback is a feminist activist who lobbied  Virginia delegates on behalf of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) Ratification Council. She also engaged as an active member of the League of Women Voters of Virginia and the National Organization for Women (NOW).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBorn in Lexington, Virginia in 1940, Fishback became a teacher of mathematics in the Richmond area. She taught in Henrico County public schools as well as acted as a specialist instructor at the Mathematics and Science Center of Richmond. Additionally, she was a founding member of the Greater Richmond Council of Teachers of Mathematics in 1986 and served on the governing board of the Junior Academy Science from 1984 to 1990.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFishback became involved with the Virginia Equal Rights Amendment Ratification Council after its founding in 1974. The council was a coalition of women's rights groups, including NOW and the League of Women Voters, which lobbied politicians and led marches of the amendment's supporters throughout the 1970s and early 1980s. Fishback played an active role in the lobbying of politicians by writing letters and speeches on behalf of the council to urge delegates to support the ERA.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFishback continues to advocate for the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment and women's rights in Virginia, remaining an active member of the League of Women Voters. She served as Coordinator of the Centennial Rally for Equal Rights in 2016 to commemorate the anniversary of suffragists beginning their protests in Virginia. She also spoke in support of the ERA at the Virginia Senate Rules Committee and the House Committee on Privileges and Elections in 2018.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSources: \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePatricia Davis Fishback, academic administrator, educator. \u003cextref href=\"https://prabook.com/web/patricia_davis.fishback/816939\"\u003e (Weblink)\u003c/extref\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLeague of Women Voters Biennial Convention - 2017. \u003cextref href=\"https://patch.com/virginia/leesburg/league-women-voters-biennial-convention-2017\"\u003e (Article link)\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSullivan, Patricia. \"Virginia's hopes of ERA ratification go down in flames this year.\" \u003ctitle\u003eWashington Post\u003c/title\u003e, February 9, 2018. \u003cextref href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/virginia-politics/virginias-hopes-of-era-ratification-go-down-in-flames-this-year/2018/02/09/7acfbf80-0dab-11e8-8890-372e2047c935_story.html?utm_term=.55ab87f86872\"\u003e (Article link)\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nWilson, Patrick. \"Women pack committee rooms demanding Virginia debate Equal Rights Amendment.\" \u003ctitle\u003eRichmond Times-Disptach\u003c/title\u003e, February 9, 2018. \u003cextref href=\"https://www.richmond.com/news/virginia/government-politics/general-assembly/women-pack-committee-rooms-demanding-virginia-debate-equal-rights-amendment/article_f905cd96-89b4-599b-a43b-4922a3cc7638.html\"\u003e (Article link)\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Patricia Fishback is a feminist activist who lobbied  Virginia delegates on behalf of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) Ratification Council. She also engaged as an active member of the League of Women Voters of Virginia and the National Organization for Women (NOW).","Born in Lexington, Virginia in 1940, Fishback became a teacher of mathematics in the Richmond area. She taught in Henrico County public schools as well as acted as a specialist instructor at the Mathematics and Science Center of Richmond. Additionally, she was a founding member of the Greater Richmond Council of Teachers of Mathematics in 1986 and served on the governing board of the Junior Academy Science from 1984 to 1990.","Fishback became involved with the Virginia Equal Rights Amendment Ratification Council after its founding in 1974. The council was a coalition of women's rights groups, including NOW and the League of Women Voters, which lobbied politicians and led marches of the amendment's supporters throughout the 1970s and early 1980s. Fishback played an active role in the lobbying of politicians by writing letters and speeches on behalf of the council to urge delegates to support the ERA.","Fishback continues to advocate for the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment and women's rights in Virginia, remaining an active member of the League of Women Voters. She served as Coordinator of the Centennial Rally for Equal Rights in 2016 to commemorate the anniversary of suffragists beginning their protests in Virginia. She also spoke in support of the ERA at the Virginia Senate Rules Committee and the House Committee on Privileges and Elections in 2018.","\nSources: ","Patricia Davis Fishback, academic administrator, educator.   (Weblink)","League of Women Voters Biennial Convention - 2017.   (Article link)","\nSullivan, Patricia. \"Virginia's hopes of ERA ratification go down in flames this year.\"  Washington Post , February 9, 2018.   (Article link)","\nWilson, Patrick. \"Women pack committee rooms demanding Virginia debate Equal Rights Amendment.\"  Richmond Times-Disptach , February 9, 2018.   (Article link)"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePatricia Fishback papers, 1973-2009, Collection # M 514, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Patricia Fishback papers, 1973-2009, Collection # M 514, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Patricia Fishback papers, 1973-2009, is a collection of feminist literature and materials used by Patricia Fishback during her career advocating for the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) in the 1970s and 1980s. The materials consist of correspondence with state officials, news clippings, ERA promotional materials, and general feminist materials. The collection provides insight into the efforts of second-wave feminists in their fight to ratify the ERA in Virginia. The bulk of the collection is comprised of materials used by Fishback while working with the ERA Ratification Council. Included are ERA promotional materials such as pamphlets, flyers, bumper stickers, petitions, and buttons. Fishback's administrative files contain copies of the ERA Ratification Council's bylaws, membership lists, and selected meeting minutes from 1982 to 1989. Copies of winning submissions to the ERA Ratification Council's essay contest are also within the collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe correspondence is primarily between Fishback and Virginia members of Congress, requesting their support in upcoming votes for the ratification of the ERA on behalf of the ERA Ratification Council. Additional correspondents include other group representatives which made up the ERA Ratification Council such as the National Organization for Women.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe general feminist material in the collection consists of various handbooks regarding women's rights in Virginia and how the ERA would be able to improve and expand them. Guides, essays, and newsletters from organizations such as NOW explore the struggles women face daily and advocate for women to strive for meaningful change.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe news clippings include report of fluctuating support for the ERA in Virginia, as well as articles advocating for and against the proposed ratification. Other articles report on demonstrations across Virginia by ERA advocates. Also found in this collection are photographs of Fishback and other ERA supporters participating in protests and demonstrations in 1988.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Patricia Fishback papers, 1973-2009, is a collection of feminist literature and materials used by Patricia Fishback during her career advocating for the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) in the 1970s and 1980s. The materials consist of correspondence with state officials, news clippings, ERA promotional materials, and general feminist materials. The collection provides insight into the efforts of second-wave feminists in their fight to ratify the ERA in Virginia. The bulk of the collection is comprised of materials used by Fishback while working with the ERA Ratification Council. Included are ERA promotional materials such as pamphlets, flyers, bumper stickers, petitions, and buttons. Fishback's administrative files contain copies of the ERA Ratification Council's bylaws, membership lists, and selected meeting minutes from 1982 to 1989. Copies of winning submissions to the ERA Ratification Council's essay contest are also within the collection.","The correspondence is primarily between Fishback and Virginia members of Congress, requesting their support in upcoming votes for the ratification of the ERA on behalf of the ERA Ratification Council. Additional correspondents include other group representatives which made up the ERA Ratification Council such as the National Organization for Women.","The general feminist material in the collection consists of various handbooks regarding women's rights in Virginia and how the ERA would be able to improve and expand them. Guides, essays, and newsletters from organizations such as NOW explore the struggles women face daily and advocate for women to strive for meaningful change.","The news clippings include report of fluctuating support for the ERA in Virginia, as well as articles advocating for and against the proposed ratification. Other articles report on demonstrations across Virginia by ERA advocates. 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Additional correspondents include other group representatives which made up the ERA Ratification Council such as the National Organization for Women.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe general feminist material in the collection consists of various handbooks regarding women's rights in Virginia and how the ERA would be able to improve and expand them. Guides, essays, and newsletters from organizations such as NOW explore the struggles women face daily and advocate for women to strive for meaningful change.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe news clippings include report of fluctuating support for the ERA in Virginia, as well as articles advocating for and against the proposed ratification. Other articles report on demonstrations across Virginia by ERA advocates. 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