{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026page=1"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":10,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_248","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Acker Family Diaries","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_248#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Acker, Isaac, 1832-1908","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_248#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Acker Family Diaries, 1880-1906, consist of one Hollinger box and contains the personal diaries of Rockingham County residents Isaac Acker and his son David. The elder Acker's diaries span the years 1880-1906, while his son's cover 1889-1900. The diaries of both men are similar in that they discuss the day-to-day events in the lives of the Acker family. The collection is arranged in three series: Isaac Acker Diaries, David C. Acker Diaries, and Indices.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_248#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_248","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_248","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_248","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_248","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_248.xml","title_ssm":["Acker Family Diaries"],"title_tesim":["Acker Family Diaries"],"unitdate_ssm":["1880-1906"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1880-1906"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0095","/repositories/4/resources/248"],"text":["SC 0095","/repositories/4/resources/248","Acker Family Diaries","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Genealogy","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Social life and customs","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Virginia -- Genealogy","Virginia -- History","Virginia -- Social life and customs","Farmers -- Virginia -- Diaries","Agriculture -- Virginia -- History","Diaries","Weather diaries","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The collection is arranged in three series:","Isaac Acker Diaries, 1880-1906 David C. Acker Diaries, 1889-1900 Indices","Couper, William.   History of the Shenandoah Valley:  Family and Personal Records, V.3 .  New York:  Lewis Historical Publishing Company, 1952.","Wayland, John W.   Men of Mark and representative citizens of Harrisonburg and Rockingham County, Virginia.   Staunton, Va:  The McClure Company, Inc., 1943.","Both Isaac and David Acker were avid farmers, devoted to agriculture, with an interest in carpentry. Isaac (1832-1908), born near Broadway, served in the Confederate Army as an orderly sergeant in the 7th Virginia Cavalry under Generals Turner Ashby and Thomas L. Rosser. He married Sallie V. Shoup (nee Shirkey), widow of Captain J.C. Shoup on November 11, 1868. "," David C. Acker (1869-1959), son of Isaac, was influential in founding the Rockingham County Farm Bureau, where he served as president for many years. He also served as director of the Virginia Farm Bureau Federation and was a member of both the Agricultural Advisory Council of Rockingham County and the Agricultural Conference Board of Virginia. In addition, David was president of the First National Bank of Broadway and secretary-treasurer of the Rockingham Mutual Telephone and Telegraph Company. David married Martha M.B Sellers on April 6, 1906 and fathered three children with her.","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 2050.","Acker Diaries, 1880-1959, Eastern Mennonite University Historical Library, Harrisonburg, Va. (Photocopies of original diaries held by JMU)","The Acker Family Diaries, 1880-1906, consist of one Hollinger box and contains the personal diaries of Rockingham County residents Isaac Acker and his son David. The elder Acker' s diaries span the years 1880-1906, while his son's cover 1889-1900. The diaries of both men are similar in that they discuss the day-to-day events in the lives of the Acker family. There is much overlap in the diaries as topics such as farming, weather, visiting, and daily chores appear frequently in both works. Other topics discussed in the diaries include weddings, funerals, church activities, and trips. The collection is arranged in three series: Isaac Acker Diaries, David C. Acker Diaries, and Indices. "," Series 1, Isaac Acker Diaries, 1880-1906, comprises of brief entries describing daily family life, weather related observations, names of visitors, and work activities. There are numerous accounts of Isaac and his family going to the \"Babtist Church\" or the \"Creek Church\" on Sundays. "," Series 2, David C. Acker Diaries, 1889-1900, consists of short accounts on farming, family, weather descriptions, and general day-to-day activities. There are no diary entries between September 3, 1889 and May 15, 1890. "," Series 3, Indices, was compiled by local historian Agnes Kline and the Eastern Mennonite University Historical Library staff based on their copies of the diaries. The assistance of EMU is necessary to correlate entries from the index to the original diaries at JMU. The indices correspond to the Isaac Acker Diaries, 1880-1906, and the David C. Acker Diaries, 1897-1903, some of which are owned by the EMU Historical Library.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Acker Family Diaries, 1880-1906, consist of one Hollinger box and contains the personal diaries of Rockingham County residents Isaac Acker and his son David. The elder Acker's diaries span the years 1880-1906, while his son's cover 1889-1900. The diaries of both men are similar in that they discuss the day-to-day events in the lives of the Acker family. The collection is arranged in three series: Isaac Acker Diaries, David C. Acker Diaries, and Indices.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society","Rockingham Cooperative","Acker family -- Diaries","Acker, Isaac, 1832-1908","Acker, David C., 1869-1959","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0095","/repositories/4/resources/248"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Acker Family Diaries"],"collection_title_tesim":["Acker Family Diaries"],"collection_ssim":["Acker Family Diaries"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Genealogy","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Social life and customs","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Virginia -- Genealogy","Virginia -- History","Virginia -- Social life and customs"],"geogname_ssim":["Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Genealogy","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Social life and customs","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Virginia -- Genealogy","Virginia -- History","Virginia -- Social life and customs"],"creator_ssm":["Acker, Isaac, 1832-1908","Acker, David C., 1869-1959","Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society"],"creator_ssim":["Acker, Isaac, 1832-1908","Acker, David C., 1869-1959","Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Acker, Isaac, 1832-1908","Acker, David C., 1869-1959"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society"],"creators_ssim":["Acker, Isaac, 1832-1908","Acker, David C., 1869-1959","Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society"],"places_ssim":["Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Genealogy","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Social life and customs","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Virginia -- Genealogy","Virginia -- History","Virginia -- Social life and customs"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection is on deposit by contract from the Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Farmers -- Virginia -- Diaries","Agriculture -- Virginia -- History","Diaries","Weather diaries"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Farmers -- Virginia -- Diaries","Agriculture -- Virginia -- History","Diaries","Weather diaries"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.4 cubic feet 1 Hollinger box"],"extent_tesim":["0.4 cubic feet 1 Hollinger box"],"genreform_ssim":["Diaries","Weather diaries"],"date_range_isim":[1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in three series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eIsaac Acker Diaries, 1880-1906\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eDavid C. Acker Diaries, 1889-1900\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eIndices\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in three series:","Isaac Acker Diaries, 1880-1906 David C. Acker Diaries, 1889-1900 Indices"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eCouper, William.  \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHistory of the Shenandoah Valley:  Family and Personal Records, V.3\u003c/emph\u003e.  New York:  Lewis Historical Publishing Company, 1952.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eWayland, John W.  \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eMen of Mark and representative citizens of Harrisonburg and Rockingham County, Virginia.\u003c/emph\u003e  Staunton, Va:  The McClure Company, Inc., 1943.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Couper, William.   History of the Shenandoah Valley:  Family and Personal Records, V.3 .  New York:  Lewis Historical Publishing Company, 1952.","Wayland, John W.   Men of Mark and representative citizens of Harrisonburg and Rockingham County, Virginia.   Staunton, Va:  The McClure Company, Inc., 1943."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBoth Isaac and David Acker were avid farmers, devoted to agriculture, with an interest in carpentry. Isaac (1832-1908), born near Broadway, served in the Confederate Army as an orderly sergeant in the 7th Virginia Cavalry under Generals Turner Ashby and Thomas L. Rosser. He married Sallie V. Shoup (nee Shirkey), widow of Captain J.C. Shoup on November 11, 1868. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e David C. Acker (1869-1959), son of Isaac, was influential in founding the Rockingham County Farm Bureau, where he served as president for many years. He also served as director of the Virginia Farm Bureau Federation and was a member of both the Agricultural Advisory Council of Rockingham County and the Agricultural Conference Board of Virginia. In addition, David was president of the First National Bank of Broadway and secretary-treasurer of the Rockingham Mutual Telephone and Telegraph Company. David married Martha M.B Sellers on April 6, 1906 and fathered three children with her.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Both Isaac and David Acker were avid farmers, devoted to agriculture, with an interest in carpentry. Isaac (1832-1908), born near Broadway, served in the Confederate Army as an orderly sergeant in the 7th Virginia Cavalry under Generals Turner Ashby and Thomas L. Rosser. He married Sallie V. Shoup (nee Shirkey), widow of Captain J.C. Shoup on November 11, 1868. "," David C. Acker (1869-1959), son of Isaac, was influential in founding the Rockingham County Farm Bureau, where he served as president for many years. He also served as director of the Virginia Farm Bureau Federation and was a member of both the Agricultural Advisory Council of Rockingham County and the Agricultural Conference Board of Virginia. In addition, David was president of the First National Bank of Broadway and secretary-treasurer of the Rockingham Mutual Telephone and Telegraph Company. David married Martha M.B Sellers on April 6, 1906 and fathered three children with her."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Acker Family Diaries, 1880-1906, SC 0095, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Acker Family Diaries, 1880-1906, SC 0095, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThis collection was previously cataloged as SC 2050.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 2050."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAcker Diaries, 1880-1959, Eastern Mennonite University Historical Library, Harrisonburg, Va. (Photocopies of original diaries held by JMU)\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Acker Diaries, 1880-1959, Eastern Mennonite University Historical Library, Harrisonburg, Va. (Photocopies of original diaries held by JMU)"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Acker Family Diaries, 1880-1906, consist of one Hollinger box and contains the personal diaries of Rockingham County residents Isaac Acker and his son David. The elder Acker' s diaries span the years 1880-1906, while his son's cover 1889-1900. The diaries of both men are similar in that they discuss the day-to-day events in the lives of the Acker family. There is much overlap in the diaries as topics such as farming, weather, visiting, and daily chores appear frequently in both works. Other topics discussed in the diaries include weddings, funerals, church activities, and trips. The collection is arranged in three series: Isaac Acker Diaries, David C. Acker Diaries, and Indices. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Series 1, Isaac Acker Diaries, 1880-1906, comprises of brief entries describing daily family life, weather related observations, names of visitors, and work activities. There are numerous accounts of Isaac and his family going to the \"Babtist Church\" or the \"Creek Church\" on Sundays. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Series 2, David C. Acker Diaries, 1889-1900, consists of short accounts on farming, family, weather descriptions, and general day-to-day activities. There are no diary entries between September 3, 1889 and May 15, 1890. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Series 3, Indices, was compiled by local historian Agnes Kline and the Eastern Mennonite University Historical Library staff based on their copies of the diaries. The assistance of EMU is necessary to correlate entries from the index to the original diaries at JMU. The indices correspond to the Isaac Acker Diaries, 1880-1906, and the David C. Acker Diaries, 1897-1903, some of which are owned by the EMU Historical Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Acker Family Diaries, 1880-1906, consist of one Hollinger box and contains the personal diaries of Rockingham County residents Isaac Acker and his son David. The elder Acker' s diaries span the years 1880-1906, while his son's cover 1889-1900. The diaries of both men are similar in that they discuss the day-to-day events in the lives of the Acker family. There is much overlap in the diaries as topics such as farming, weather, visiting, and daily chores appear frequently in both works. Other topics discussed in the diaries include weddings, funerals, church activities, and trips. The collection is arranged in three series: Isaac Acker Diaries, David C. Acker Diaries, and Indices. "," Series 1, Isaac Acker Diaries, 1880-1906, comprises of brief entries describing daily family life, weather related observations, names of visitors, and work activities. There are numerous accounts of Isaac and his family going to the \"Babtist Church\" or the \"Creek Church\" on Sundays. "," Series 2, David C. Acker Diaries, 1889-1900, consists of short accounts on farming, family, weather descriptions, and general day-to-day activities. There are no diary entries between September 3, 1889 and May 15, 1890. "," Series 3, Indices, was compiled by local historian Agnes Kline and the Eastern Mennonite University Historical Library staff based on their copies of the diaries. The assistance of EMU is necessary to correlate entries from the index to the original diaries at JMU. The indices correspond to the Isaac Acker Diaries, 1880-1906, and the David C. Acker Diaries, 1897-1903, some of which are owned by the EMU Historical Library."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_6ae92f3c840c838f831d59d42a7cfe8a\"\u003eThe Acker Family Diaries, 1880-1906, consist of one Hollinger box and contains the personal diaries of Rockingham County residents Isaac Acker and his son David. The elder Acker's diaries span the years 1880-1906, while his son's cover 1889-1900. The diaries of both men are similar in that they discuss the day-to-day events in the lives of the Acker family. The collection is arranged in three series: Isaac Acker Diaries, David C. Acker Diaries, and Indices.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Acker Family Diaries, 1880-1906, consist of one Hollinger box and contains the personal diaries of Rockingham County residents Isaac Acker and his son David. The elder Acker's diaries span the years 1880-1906, while his son's cover 1889-1900. The diaries of both men are similar in that they discuss the day-to-day events in the lives of the Acker family. The collection is arranged in three series: Isaac Acker Diaries, David C. Acker Diaries, and Indices."],"names_coll_ssim":["Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society","Rockingham Cooperative","Acker family -- Diaries"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society","Rockingham Cooperative","Acker family -- Diaries","Acker, Isaac, 1832-1908","Acker, David C., 1869-1959"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society","Rockingham Cooperative"],"famname_ssim":["Acker family -- Diaries"],"persname_ssim":["Acker, Isaac, 1832-1908","Acker, David C., 1869-1959"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":11,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:22:06.237Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_248","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_248","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_248","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_248","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_248.xml","title_ssm":["Acker Family Diaries"],"title_tesim":["Acker Family Diaries"],"unitdate_ssm":["1880-1906"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1880-1906"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0095","/repositories/4/resources/248"],"text":["SC 0095","/repositories/4/resources/248","Acker Family Diaries","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Genealogy","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Social life and customs","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Virginia -- Genealogy","Virginia -- History","Virginia -- Social life and customs","Farmers -- Virginia -- Diaries","Agriculture -- Virginia -- History","Diaries","Weather diaries","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The collection is arranged in three series:","Isaac Acker Diaries, 1880-1906 David C. Acker Diaries, 1889-1900 Indices","Couper, William.   History of the Shenandoah Valley:  Family and Personal Records, V.3 .  New York:  Lewis Historical Publishing Company, 1952.","Wayland, John W.   Men of Mark and representative citizens of Harrisonburg and Rockingham County, Virginia.   Staunton, Va:  The McClure Company, Inc., 1943.","Both Isaac and David Acker were avid farmers, devoted to agriculture, with an interest in carpentry. Isaac (1832-1908), born near Broadway, served in the Confederate Army as an orderly sergeant in the 7th Virginia Cavalry under Generals Turner Ashby and Thomas L. Rosser. He married Sallie V. Shoup (nee Shirkey), widow of Captain J.C. Shoup on November 11, 1868. "," David C. Acker (1869-1959), son of Isaac, was influential in founding the Rockingham County Farm Bureau, where he served as president for many years. He also served as director of the Virginia Farm Bureau Federation and was a member of both the Agricultural Advisory Council of Rockingham County and the Agricultural Conference Board of Virginia. In addition, David was president of the First National Bank of Broadway and secretary-treasurer of the Rockingham Mutual Telephone and Telegraph Company. David married Martha M.B Sellers on April 6, 1906 and fathered three children with her.","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 2050.","Acker Diaries, 1880-1959, Eastern Mennonite University Historical Library, Harrisonburg, Va. (Photocopies of original diaries held by JMU)","The Acker Family Diaries, 1880-1906, consist of one Hollinger box and contains the personal diaries of Rockingham County residents Isaac Acker and his son David. The elder Acker' s diaries span the years 1880-1906, while his son's cover 1889-1900. The diaries of both men are similar in that they discuss the day-to-day events in the lives of the Acker family. There is much overlap in the diaries as topics such as farming, weather, visiting, and daily chores appear frequently in both works. Other topics discussed in the diaries include weddings, funerals, church activities, and trips. The collection is arranged in three series: Isaac Acker Diaries, David C. Acker Diaries, and Indices. "," Series 1, Isaac Acker Diaries, 1880-1906, comprises of brief entries describing daily family life, weather related observations, names of visitors, and work activities. There are numerous accounts of Isaac and his family going to the \"Babtist Church\" or the \"Creek Church\" on Sundays. "," Series 2, David C. Acker Diaries, 1889-1900, consists of short accounts on farming, family, weather descriptions, and general day-to-day activities. There are no diary entries between September 3, 1889 and May 15, 1890. "," Series 3, Indices, was compiled by local historian Agnes Kline and the Eastern Mennonite University Historical Library staff based on their copies of the diaries. The assistance of EMU is necessary to correlate entries from the index to the original diaries at JMU. The indices correspond to the Isaac Acker Diaries, 1880-1906, and the David C. Acker Diaries, 1897-1903, some of which are owned by the EMU Historical Library.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Acker Family Diaries, 1880-1906, consist of one Hollinger box and contains the personal diaries of Rockingham County residents Isaac Acker and his son David. The elder Acker's diaries span the years 1880-1906, while his son's cover 1889-1900. The diaries of both men are similar in that they discuss the day-to-day events in the lives of the Acker family. The collection is arranged in three series: Isaac Acker Diaries, David C. Acker Diaries, and Indices.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society","Rockingham Cooperative","Acker family -- Diaries","Acker, Isaac, 1832-1908","Acker, David C., 1869-1959","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0095","/repositories/4/resources/248"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Acker Family Diaries"],"collection_title_tesim":["Acker Family Diaries"],"collection_ssim":["Acker Family Diaries"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Genealogy","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Social life and customs","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Virginia -- Genealogy","Virginia -- History","Virginia -- Social life and customs"],"geogname_ssim":["Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Genealogy","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Social life and customs","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Virginia -- Genealogy","Virginia -- History","Virginia -- Social life and customs"],"creator_ssm":["Acker, Isaac, 1832-1908","Acker, David C., 1869-1959","Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society"],"creator_ssim":["Acker, Isaac, 1832-1908","Acker, David C., 1869-1959","Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Acker, Isaac, 1832-1908","Acker, David C., 1869-1959"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society"],"creators_ssim":["Acker, Isaac, 1832-1908","Acker, David C., 1869-1959","Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society"],"places_ssim":["Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Genealogy","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Social life and customs","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Virginia -- Genealogy","Virginia -- History","Virginia -- Social life and customs"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection is on deposit by contract from the Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Farmers -- Virginia -- Diaries","Agriculture -- Virginia -- History","Diaries","Weather diaries"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Farmers -- Virginia -- Diaries","Agriculture -- Virginia -- History","Diaries","Weather diaries"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.4 cubic feet 1 Hollinger box"],"extent_tesim":["0.4 cubic feet 1 Hollinger box"],"genreform_ssim":["Diaries","Weather diaries"],"date_range_isim":[1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in three series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eIsaac Acker Diaries, 1880-1906\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eDavid C. Acker Diaries, 1889-1900\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eIndices\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in three series:","Isaac Acker Diaries, 1880-1906 David C. Acker Diaries, 1889-1900 Indices"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eCouper, William.  \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHistory of the Shenandoah Valley:  Family and Personal Records, V.3\u003c/emph\u003e.  New York:  Lewis Historical Publishing Company, 1952.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eWayland, John W.  \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eMen of Mark and representative citizens of Harrisonburg and Rockingham County, Virginia.\u003c/emph\u003e  Staunton, Va:  The McClure Company, Inc., 1943.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Couper, William.   History of the Shenandoah Valley:  Family and Personal Records, V.3 .  New York:  Lewis Historical Publishing Company, 1952.","Wayland, John W.   Men of Mark and representative citizens of Harrisonburg and Rockingham County, Virginia.   Staunton, Va:  The McClure Company, Inc., 1943."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBoth Isaac and David Acker were avid farmers, devoted to agriculture, with an interest in carpentry. Isaac (1832-1908), born near Broadway, served in the Confederate Army as an orderly sergeant in the 7th Virginia Cavalry under Generals Turner Ashby and Thomas L. Rosser. He married Sallie V. Shoup (nee Shirkey), widow of Captain J.C. Shoup on November 11, 1868. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e David C. Acker (1869-1959), son of Isaac, was influential in founding the Rockingham County Farm Bureau, where he served as president for many years. He also served as director of the Virginia Farm Bureau Federation and was a member of both the Agricultural Advisory Council of Rockingham County and the Agricultural Conference Board of Virginia. In addition, David was president of the First National Bank of Broadway and secretary-treasurer of the Rockingham Mutual Telephone and Telegraph Company. David married Martha M.B Sellers on April 6, 1906 and fathered three children with her.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Both Isaac and David Acker were avid farmers, devoted to agriculture, with an interest in carpentry. Isaac (1832-1908), born near Broadway, served in the Confederate Army as an orderly sergeant in the 7th Virginia Cavalry under Generals Turner Ashby and Thomas L. Rosser. He married Sallie V. Shoup (nee Shirkey), widow of Captain J.C. Shoup on November 11, 1868. "," David C. Acker (1869-1959), son of Isaac, was influential in founding the Rockingham County Farm Bureau, where he served as president for many years. He also served as director of the Virginia Farm Bureau Federation and was a member of both the Agricultural Advisory Council of Rockingham County and the Agricultural Conference Board of Virginia. In addition, David was president of the First National Bank of Broadway and secretary-treasurer of the Rockingham Mutual Telephone and Telegraph Company. David married Martha M.B Sellers on April 6, 1906 and fathered three children with her."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Acker Family Diaries, 1880-1906, SC 0095, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Acker Family Diaries, 1880-1906, SC 0095, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThis collection was previously cataloged as SC 2050.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 2050."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAcker Diaries, 1880-1959, Eastern Mennonite University Historical Library, Harrisonburg, Va. (Photocopies of original diaries held by JMU)\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Acker Diaries, 1880-1959, Eastern Mennonite University Historical Library, Harrisonburg, Va. (Photocopies of original diaries held by JMU)"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Acker Family Diaries, 1880-1906, consist of one Hollinger box and contains the personal diaries of Rockingham County residents Isaac Acker and his son David. The elder Acker' s diaries span the years 1880-1906, while his son's cover 1889-1900. The diaries of both men are similar in that they discuss the day-to-day events in the lives of the Acker family. There is much overlap in the diaries as topics such as farming, weather, visiting, and daily chores appear frequently in both works. Other topics discussed in the diaries include weddings, funerals, church activities, and trips. The collection is arranged in three series: Isaac Acker Diaries, David C. Acker Diaries, and Indices. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Series 1, Isaac Acker Diaries, 1880-1906, comprises of brief entries describing daily family life, weather related observations, names of visitors, and work activities. There are numerous accounts of Isaac and his family going to the \"Babtist Church\" or the \"Creek Church\" on Sundays. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Series 2, David C. Acker Diaries, 1889-1900, consists of short accounts on farming, family, weather descriptions, and general day-to-day activities. There are no diary entries between September 3, 1889 and May 15, 1890. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Series 3, Indices, was compiled by local historian Agnes Kline and the Eastern Mennonite University Historical Library staff based on their copies of the diaries. The assistance of EMU is necessary to correlate entries from the index to the original diaries at JMU. The indices correspond to the Isaac Acker Diaries, 1880-1906, and the David C. Acker Diaries, 1897-1903, some of which are owned by the EMU Historical Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Acker Family Diaries, 1880-1906, consist of one Hollinger box and contains the personal diaries of Rockingham County residents Isaac Acker and his son David. The elder Acker' s diaries span the years 1880-1906, while his son's cover 1889-1900. The diaries of both men are similar in that they discuss the day-to-day events in the lives of the Acker family. There is much overlap in the diaries as topics such as farming, weather, visiting, and daily chores appear frequently in both works. Other topics discussed in the diaries include weddings, funerals, church activities, and trips. The collection is arranged in three series: Isaac Acker Diaries, David C. Acker Diaries, and Indices. "," Series 1, Isaac Acker Diaries, 1880-1906, comprises of brief entries describing daily family life, weather related observations, names of visitors, and work activities. There are numerous accounts of Isaac and his family going to the \"Babtist Church\" or the \"Creek Church\" on Sundays. "," Series 2, David C. Acker Diaries, 1889-1900, consists of short accounts on farming, family, weather descriptions, and general day-to-day activities. There are no diary entries between September 3, 1889 and May 15, 1890. "," Series 3, Indices, was compiled by local historian Agnes Kline and the Eastern Mennonite University Historical Library staff based on their copies of the diaries. The assistance of EMU is necessary to correlate entries from the index to the original diaries at JMU. The indices correspond to the Isaac Acker Diaries, 1880-1906, and the David C. Acker Diaries, 1897-1903, some of which are owned by the EMU Historical Library."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_6ae92f3c840c838f831d59d42a7cfe8a\"\u003eThe Acker Family Diaries, 1880-1906, consist of one Hollinger box and contains the personal diaries of Rockingham County residents Isaac Acker and his son David. The elder Acker's diaries span the years 1880-1906, while his son's cover 1889-1900. The diaries of both men are similar in that they discuss the day-to-day events in the lives of the Acker family. The collection is arranged in three series: Isaac Acker Diaries, David C. Acker Diaries, and Indices.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Acker Family Diaries, 1880-1906, consist of one Hollinger box and contains the personal diaries of Rockingham County residents Isaac Acker and his son David. The elder Acker's diaries span the years 1880-1906, while his son's cover 1889-1900. The diaries of both men are similar in that they discuss the day-to-day events in the lives of the Acker family. The collection is arranged in three series: Isaac Acker Diaries, David C. Acker Diaries, and Indices."],"names_coll_ssim":["Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society","Rockingham Cooperative","Acker family -- Diaries"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society","Rockingham Cooperative","Acker family -- Diaries","Acker, Isaac, 1832-1908","Acker, David C., 1869-1959"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society","Rockingham Cooperative"],"famname_ssim":["Acker family -- Diaries"],"persname_ssim":["Acker, Isaac, 1832-1908","Acker, David C., 1869-1959"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":11,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:22:06.237Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_248"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_559","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Central Virginia Farmer's Diary","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_559#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_559#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Central Virginia Farmer's Diary, 1899, documents the activities of an unidentified farmer in central Virginia.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_559#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_559","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_559","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_559","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_559","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_559.xml","title_ssm":["Central Virginia Farmer's Diary"],"title_tesim":["Central Virginia Farmer's Diary"],"unitdate_ssm":["1899"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1899"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0284","/repositories/4/resources/559"],"text":["SC 0284","/repositories/4/resources/559","Central Virginia Farmer's Diary","Virginia -- History","Farmers -- Virginia -- Diaries","Agriculture -- Virginia -- History","Diaries","Weather diaries","Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The materials are housed in two folders.","While the specific identity of the diary's creator is unknown, it is speculated that the diarist owned land near or around Gordonsville in Orange County, Virginia during the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth century. Names mentioned in the diary include Miller, E. P. Cason, George, Thomas Cason (1873-1936), Cora Miller Cason (1877-1943), Richard \"Dick\" Crittenden Booton (1866-1911), and John Robertson Coons (1866-1929). It is assumed that Miller, E. P. Cason, Thomas Cason, George, Booton, and Coons were employed by the diarist.","Loose documents in the back pocket of the diary were removed and housed in a separate folder.","The Central Virginia Farmer's Diary, 1899, is a mass-produced diary consisting of three sections. The first section reads like a basic Farmer's Almanac, with a calendar, dates of the phases of the moon, interesting laws of different states, tide tables, currency exchange rates, and other general information. The second section comprises the bulk of the diary, with daily entries written by the farmer on affairs such as plowing fields, weather reports, who worked that day, and church matters. The last section consists of blank pages for names and addresses and an account book. Loose items include business cards and what is assumed to be a map documenting where different families lived in the area.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Central Virginia Farmer's Diary, 1899, documents the activities of an unidentified farmer in central Virginia.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0284","/repositories/4/resources/559"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Central Virginia Farmer's Diary"],"collection_title_tesim":["Central Virginia Farmer's Diary"],"collection_ssim":["Central Virginia Farmer's Diary"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"creator_ssim":["Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"creators_ssim":["Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"places_ssim":["Virginia -- History"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The diary was acquired at Jeffrey S. Evans and Associates' Winter Americana and Variety Auction on February 16, 2019."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Farmers -- Virginia -- Diaries","Agriculture -- Virginia -- History","Diaries","Weather diaries"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Farmers -- Virginia -- Diaries","Agriculture -- Virginia -- History","Diaries","Weather diaries"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.12 cubic feet 2 folders"],"extent_tesim":["0.12 cubic feet 2 folders"],"genreform_ssim":["Diaries","Weather diaries"],"date_range_isim":[1899],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials are housed in two folders.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The materials are housed in two folders."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWhile the specific identity of the diary's creator is unknown, it is speculated that the diarist owned land near or around Gordonsville in Orange County, Virginia during the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth century. Names mentioned in the diary include Miller, E. P. Cason, George, Thomas Cason (1873-1936), Cora Miller Cason (1877-1943), Richard \"Dick\" Crittenden Booton (1866-1911), and John Robertson Coons (1866-1929). It is assumed that Miller, E. P. Cason, Thomas Cason, George, Booton, and Coons were employed by the diarist.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["While the specific identity of the diary's creator is unknown, it is speculated that the diarist owned land near or around Gordonsville in Orange County, Virginia during the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth century. Names mentioned in the diary include Miller, E. P. Cason, George, Thomas Cason (1873-1936), Cora Miller Cason (1877-1943), Richard \"Dick\" Crittenden Booton (1866-1911), and John Robertson Coons (1866-1929). It is assumed that Miller, E. P. Cason, Thomas Cason, George, Booton, and Coons were employed by the diarist."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Central Virginia Farmer's Diary, 1899, SC 0284, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Central Virginia Farmer's Diary, 1899, SC 0284, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLoose documents in the back pocket of the diary were removed and housed in a separate folder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Loose documents in the back pocket of the diary were removed and housed in a separate folder."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Central Virginia Farmer's Diary, 1899, is a mass-produced diary consisting of three sections. The first section reads like a basic Farmer's Almanac, with a calendar, dates of the phases of the moon, interesting laws of different states, tide tables, currency exchange rates, and other general information. The second section comprises the bulk of the diary, with daily entries written by the farmer on affairs such as plowing fields, weather reports, who worked that day, and church matters. The last section consists of blank pages for names and addresses and an account book. Loose items include business cards and what is assumed to be a map documenting where different families lived in the area.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Central Virginia Farmer's Diary, 1899, is a mass-produced diary consisting of three sections. The first section reads like a basic Farmer's Almanac, with a calendar, dates of the phases of the moon, interesting laws of different states, tide tables, currency exchange rates, and other general information. The second section comprises the bulk of the diary, with daily entries written by the farmer on affairs such as plowing fields, weather reports, who worked that day, and church matters. The last section consists of blank pages for names and addresses and an account book. Loose items include business cards and what is assumed to be a map documenting where different families lived in the area."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_0fcda35fb5ac88b91e52c5261d833705\"\u003eThe Central Virginia Farmer's Diary, 1899, documents the activities of an unidentified farmer in central Virginia.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Central Virginia Farmer's Diary, 1899, documents the activities of an unidentified farmer in central Virginia."],"names_coll_ssim":["Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:21:18.584Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_559","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_559","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_559","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_559","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_559.xml","title_ssm":["Central Virginia Farmer's Diary"],"title_tesim":["Central Virginia Farmer's Diary"],"unitdate_ssm":["1899"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1899"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0284","/repositories/4/resources/559"],"text":["SC 0284","/repositories/4/resources/559","Central Virginia Farmer's Diary","Virginia -- History","Farmers -- Virginia -- Diaries","Agriculture -- Virginia -- History","Diaries","Weather diaries","Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The materials are housed in two folders.","While the specific identity of the diary's creator is unknown, it is speculated that the diarist owned land near or around Gordonsville in Orange County, Virginia during the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth century. Names mentioned in the diary include Miller, E. P. Cason, George, Thomas Cason (1873-1936), Cora Miller Cason (1877-1943), Richard \"Dick\" Crittenden Booton (1866-1911), and John Robertson Coons (1866-1929). It is assumed that Miller, E. P. Cason, Thomas Cason, George, Booton, and Coons were employed by the diarist.","Loose documents in the back pocket of the diary were removed and housed in a separate folder.","The Central Virginia Farmer's Diary, 1899, is a mass-produced diary consisting of three sections. The first section reads like a basic Farmer's Almanac, with a calendar, dates of the phases of the moon, interesting laws of different states, tide tables, currency exchange rates, and other general information. The second section comprises the bulk of the diary, with daily entries written by the farmer on affairs such as plowing fields, weather reports, who worked that day, and church matters. The last section consists of blank pages for names and addresses and an account book. Loose items include business cards and what is assumed to be a map documenting where different families lived in the area.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Central Virginia Farmer's Diary, 1899, documents the activities of an unidentified farmer in central Virginia.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0284","/repositories/4/resources/559"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Central Virginia Farmer's Diary"],"collection_title_tesim":["Central Virginia Farmer's Diary"],"collection_ssim":["Central Virginia Farmer's Diary"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"creator_ssim":["Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"creators_ssim":["Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"places_ssim":["Virginia -- History"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The diary was acquired at Jeffrey S. Evans and Associates' Winter Americana and Variety Auction on February 16, 2019."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Farmers -- Virginia -- Diaries","Agriculture -- Virginia -- History","Diaries","Weather diaries"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Farmers -- Virginia -- Diaries","Agriculture -- Virginia -- History","Diaries","Weather diaries"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.12 cubic feet 2 folders"],"extent_tesim":["0.12 cubic feet 2 folders"],"genreform_ssim":["Diaries","Weather diaries"],"date_range_isim":[1899],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials are housed in two folders.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The materials are housed in two folders."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWhile the specific identity of the diary's creator is unknown, it is speculated that the diarist owned land near or around Gordonsville in Orange County, Virginia during the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth century. Names mentioned in the diary include Miller, E. P. Cason, George, Thomas Cason (1873-1936), Cora Miller Cason (1877-1943), Richard \"Dick\" Crittenden Booton (1866-1911), and John Robertson Coons (1866-1929). It is assumed that Miller, E. P. Cason, Thomas Cason, George, Booton, and Coons were employed by the diarist.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["While the specific identity of the diary's creator is unknown, it is speculated that the diarist owned land near or around Gordonsville in Orange County, Virginia during the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth century. Names mentioned in the diary include Miller, E. P. Cason, George, Thomas Cason (1873-1936), Cora Miller Cason (1877-1943), Richard \"Dick\" Crittenden Booton (1866-1911), and John Robertson Coons (1866-1929). It is assumed that Miller, E. P. Cason, Thomas Cason, George, Booton, and Coons were employed by the diarist."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Central Virginia Farmer's Diary, 1899, SC 0284, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Central Virginia Farmer's Diary, 1899, SC 0284, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLoose documents in the back pocket of the diary were removed and housed in a separate folder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Loose documents in the back pocket of the diary were removed and housed in a separate folder."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Central Virginia Farmer's Diary, 1899, is a mass-produced diary consisting of three sections. The first section reads like a basic Farmer's Almanac, with a calendar, dates of the phases of the moon, interesting laws of different states, tide tables, currency exchange rates, and other general information. The second section comprises the bulk of the diary, with daily entries written by the farmer on affairs such as plowing fields, weather reports, who worked that day, and church matters. The last section consists of blank pages for names and addresses and an account book. Loose items include business cards and what is assumed to be a map documenting where different families lived in the area.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Central Virginia Farmer's Diary, 1899, is a mass-produced diary consisting of three sections. The first section reads like a basic Farmer's Almanac, with a calendar, dates of the phases of the moon, interesting laws of different states, tide tables, currency exchange rates, and other general information. The second section comprises the bulk of the diary, with daily entries written by the farmer on affairs such as plowing fields, weather reports, who worked that day, and church matters. The last section consists of blank pages for names and addresses and an account book. Loose items include business cards and what is assumed to be a map documenting where different families lived in the area."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_0fcda35fb5ac88b91e52c5261d833705\"\u003eThe Central Virginia Farmer's Diary, 1899, documents the activities of an unidentified farmer in central Virginia.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Central Virginia Farmer's Diary, 1899, documents the activities of an unidentified farmer in central Virginia."],"names_coll_ssim":["Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:21:18.584Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_559"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_371","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Ezra M. Minnick Sr. diary","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_371#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Minnick, Ezra M., Sr., 1865-1939","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_371#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Ezra M. Minnick Sr. Diary, 1900, comprises one Excelsior Diary with daily entries by Timberville, Virginia farmer and government inspector, Ezra M. Minnick Sr. General subject matter includes weather reports, local and state politics, business dealings, and personal news and events.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_371#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_371","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_371","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_371","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_371","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_371.xml","title_ssm":["Ezra M. Minnick Sr. diary"],"title_tesim":["Ezra M. Minnick Sr. diary"],"unitdate_ssm":["1900"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1900"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0051","/repositories/4/resources/371"],"text":["SC 0051","/repositories/4/resources/371","Ezra M. Minnick Sr. diary","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local","Farmers -- Virginia -- Timberville","Agriculture -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- History","Farm life -- Virginia -- Timberville -- History","Agriculture -- Economic aspects","Local government -- Virginia -- Timberville","Diaries","Weather diaries","Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The diary is housed in one letter folder.","\"Find A Grave – Ezra M. Minnick Sr., 1865-1939.\" Find A Grave - Millions of Cemetery Records and Online Memorials. Accessed February 15, 2017. https://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr\u0026GRid=31706844.","\"Lutheran Synod's Doings,\" The Richmond Dispatch, August 26, 1902.","\"Married,\" Our Church Paper, May 2, 1888","Stirewalt, Jermone Paul.  A Brief History of Rader's Lutheran Church Near Timberville, Virginia (Rockingham County) from May 20, 1765, to April 11, 1921, To Which is Added an Appendix . New Market, Va.: Henkel \u0026 Company's Lutheran Publication Establishment, 1922.","\"United States Census, 1900,\" database with images,  FamilySearch  (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MMJ3-NYF : accessed 14 February 2017), Ezra M Minnick, Plains Township (Timberville Precinct) Timberville town, Rockingham, Virginia, United States; citing enumeration district (ED) 64, sheet 1A, family 4, NARA microfilm publication T623 (Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 1972.); FHL microfilm 1,241,726.","\"United States Census, 1910,\" database with images,  FamilySearch  (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MPGC-NCF : accessed 14 February 2017), Ezra M Minnick, Plains, Rockingham, Virginia, United States; citing enumeration district (ED) ED 77, sheet 13B, family 250, NARA microfilm publication T624 (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 1982), roll 1647; FHL microfilm 1,375,660.","Ezra M. Minnick Sr. (1865-1939) was a native of Timberville, Virginia. He married Joanna C. Bowman (1861-1934), daughter of David Bowman, on April 24, 1888 at the bride's father's home north of Timberville. They had four children, but only two survived into adulthood - Ezra M. Minnick Jr. (1890-1973) and Millard B. Minnick (1902-1979). Minnick was engaged in farming as his primary occupation, but was also appointed fertilizer inspector for the 7th Congressional District in March 1900. By 1910, Minnick was listed in the federal census as a merchant of farm implements, but eventually went back to farming exclusively. Minnick was an active member of the Lutheran church, specifically Rader's Lutheran Church on the outskirts of Timberville. He served his local congregation in many leadership capacities as a member of the executive committee and secretary of the church council. Minnick was also elected corresponding secretary of the Evangelical Lutheran Tennessee Synod at the annual convention in August 1902. He is buried in Rader's Lutheran Church Cemetery.","Per the minutes of the November 13, 2014 and February 12, 2015 Timberville town council meetings, Beverly Garber, town historian, acquired historic documents from the Minnick family, including two diaries, through Ebay.","The Ezra M. Minnick Sr. Diary, 1900, is comprised of one Excelsior Diary with daily entries by Timberville, Virginia farmer and government inspector, Ezra M. Minnick Sr. General subject matter includes weather reports, local and state politics, business dealings, and personal news and events.","The bound pocket diary, sold by William F. Murphy's Sons Stationers in Philadelphia, includes printed calendars, moon cycles, information on domestic and foreign currency, interest tables, and \"valuable information for business men.\" Minnick completed diary entries for each day in 1900. On most days Minnick travelled into the town of Timberville to conduct business. He commented daily on weather patterns, made regular mentions of visitors to his home and visiting he did, described his weekly church attendance, local deaths, marriages, other major community happenings including court days. He discussed his interactions with community members including Jonathan Calhoun, Casper Tussing, William J. Arehart, and Peter J. Knupp.","After Minnick was appointed to fertilizer inspector of the 7th District in March 1900, many of his diary entries discuss his duties and responsibilities related to that position. For example, on Wednesday, May 23, 1900 Minnick was \"This morning in Winchester at the Taylor House...then went about the place to see the different Fertilizer agents as to how much fertilizer they had received.\" Entries also include meetings with George B. Keezell (1854-1931), member of the Virginia Senate, and George W. Koiner (1852-1939), commissioner of agriculture in Virginia. Minnick made frequent mentions of his son Ezra Jr., wife Joanna, and 16-year-old live-in servant Mamie in his diary entries.","Other entries of note include:","Tuesday, January 9, 1900  - \"Went to Mt. Jackson and attended the annual meeting off the stock holders of Mt. Jackson Natl. Bank. I rode in superintendent E. Ryder's private car from Timberville to Mt. Jackson.\"","Monday, January 15, 1900  - \"I had my petition which I sent to Hon. G. B. Keezel this p. m. to present to Geo. W. Koiner Comr of Agriculture...as I am an applicant for Fertilizer Inspector for the 7th Congressional District.\"","Monday, March 19, 1900  - \"I had a long talk with Geo. B. Keezel in reference to my appointment as fertz. Inspector for the 7th District.\"","Wednesday, March. 21, 1900  - \"I noticed in the Baltimore daily papers I received my appointment as fertilizer Inspector from the 7th district.\"","Tuesday, March 27, 1900  - \"This morning I went down to Mr. Bowman's \u0026 found him no better, then to Timberville and there was a letter from G. W. Koiner Commis. Agriculture Richmond Va. Notifying me to be in Richmond next Tuesday.\"","Saturday, July 28, 1900  - \"This morning to Timberville and made ready and went to Fisher's Hill to attend the Reunion of the farmers of Shenandoah Co. On getting on the train I found the Hon. G. W. Koiner on the train, on his way to Fisher's Hill. I had a considerable talk with him, on the way. Not a very large crowd present. Prof. Hughs spoke on the subject of Fruit raising.\"","The end of the diary includes notes and memoranda for eggs and other farm products sold for the year and miscellaneous accounting notes.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Ezra M. Minnick Sr. Diary, 1900, comprises one Excelsior Diary with daily entries by Timberville, Virginia farmer and government inspector, Ezra M. Minnick Sr. General subject matter includes weather reports, local and state politics, business dealings, and personal news and events.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Minnick, Ezra M., Sr., 1865-1939","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0051","/repositories/4/resources/371"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ezra M. Minnick Sr. diary"],"collection_title_tesim":["Ezra M. Minnick Sr. diary"],"collection_ssim":["Ezra M. Minnick Sr. diary"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local"],"geogname_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local"],"creator_ssm":["Minnick, Ezra M., Sr., 1865-1939"],"creator_ssim":["Minnick, Ezra M., Sr., 1865-1939"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Minnick, Ezra M., Sr., 1865-1939"],"creators_ssim":["Minnick, Ezra M., Sr., 1865-1939"],"places_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Acquired from M. Benjamin Katz Fine Books/Rare Manuscripts, Toronto, Ontario, Canada in November 2016."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Farmers -- Virginia -- Timberville","Agriculture -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- History","Farm life -- Virginia -- Timberville -- History","Agriculture -- Economic aspects","Local government -- Virginia -- Timberville","Diaries","Weather diaries"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Farmers -- Virginia -- Timberville","Agriculture -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- History","Farm life -- Virginia -- Timberville -- History","Agriculture -- Economic aspects","Local government -- Virginia -- Timberville","Diaries","Weather diaries"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.06 cubic feet 1 letter folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.06 cubic feet 1 letter folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Diaries","Weather diaries"],"date_range_isim":[1900],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe diary is housed in one letter folder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The diary is housed in one letter folder."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003e\"Find A Grave – Ezra M. Minnick Sr., 1865-1939.\" Find A Grave - Millions of Cemetery Records and Online Memorials. Accessed February 15, 2017. https://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr\u0026amp;GRid=31706844.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e\"Lutheran Synod's Doings,\" The Richmond Dispatch, August 26, 1902.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e\"Married,\" Our Church Paper, May 2, 1888\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eStirewalt, Jermone Paul. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eA Brief History of Rader's Lutheran Church Near Timberville, Virginia (Rockingham County) from May 20, 1765, to April 11, 1921, To Which is Added an Appendix\u003c/emph\u003e. New Market, Va.: Henkel \u0026amp; Company's Lutheran Publication Establishment, 1922.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e\"United States Census, 1900,\" database with images, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eFamilySearch\u003c/emph\u003e (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MMJ3-NYF : accessed 14 February 2017), Ezra M Minnick, Plains Township (Timberville Precinct) Timberville town, Rockingham, Virginia, United States; citing enumeration district (ED) 64, sheet 1A, family 4, NARA microfilm publication T623 (Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 1972.); FHL microfilm 1,241,726.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e\"United States Census, 1910,\" database with images, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eFamilySearch\u003c/emph\u003e (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MPGC-NCF : accessed 14 February 2017), Ezra M Minnick, Plains, Rockingham, Virginia, United States; citing enumeration district (ED) ED 77, sheet 13B, family 250, NARA microfilm publication T624 (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 1982), roll 1647; FHL microfilm 1,375,660.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["\"Find A Grave – Ezra M. Minnick Sr., 1865-1939.\" Find A Grave - Millions of Cemetery Records and Online Memorials. Accessed February 15, 2017. https://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr\u0026GRid=31706844.","\"Lutheran Synod's Doings,\" The Richmond Dispatch, August 26, 1902.","\"Married,\" Our Church Paper, May 2, 1888","Stirewalt, Jermone Paul.  A Brief History of Rader's Lutheran Church Near Timberville, Virginia (Rockingham County) from May 20, 1765, to April 11, 1921, To Which is Added an Appendix . New Market, Va.: Henkel \u0026 Company's Lutheran Publication Establishment, 1922.","\"United States Census, 1900,\" database with images,  FamilySearch  (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MMJ3-NYF : accessed 14 February 2017), Ezra M Minnick, Plains Township (Timberville Precinct) Timberville town, Rockingham, Virginia, United States; citing enumeration district (ED) 64, sheet 1A, family 4, NARA microfilm publication T623 (Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 1972.); FHL microfilm 1,241,726.","\"United States Census, 1910,\" database with images,  FamilySearch  (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MPGC-NCF : accessed 14 February 2017), Ezra M Minnick, Plains, Rockingham, Virginia, United States; citing enumeration district (ED) ED 77, sheet 13B, family 250, NARA microfilm publication T624 (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 1982), roll 1647; FHL microfilm 1,375,660."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEzra M. Minnick Sr. (1865-1939) was a native of Timberville, Virginia. He married Joanna C. Bowman (1861-1934), daughter of David Bowman, on April 24, 1888 at the bride's father's home north of Timberville. They had four children, but only two survived into adulthood - Ezra M. Minnick Jr. (1890-1973) and Millard B. Minnick (1902-1979). Minnick was engaged in farming as his primary occupation, but was also appointed fertilizer inspector for the 7th Congressional District in March 1900. By 1910, Minnick was listed in the federal census as a merchant of farm implements, but eventually went back to farming exclusively. Minnick was an active member of the Lutheran church, specifically Rader's Lutheran Church on the outskirts of Timberville. He served his local congregation in many leadership capacities as a member of the executive committee and secretary of the church council. Minnick was also elected corresponding secretary of the Evangelical Lutheran Tennessee Synod at the annual convention in August 1902. He is buried in Rader's Lutheran Church Cemetery.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Ezra M. Minnick Sr. (1865-1939) was a native of Timberville, Virginia. He married Joanna C. Bowman (1861-1934), daughter of David Bowman, on April 24, 1888 at the bride's father's home north of Timberville. They had four children, but only two survived into adulthood - Ezra M. Minnick Jr. (1890-1973) and Millard B. Minnick (1902-1979). Minnick was engaged in farming as his primary occupation, but was also appointed fertilizer inspector for the 7th Congressional District in March 1900. By 1910, Minnick was listed in the federal census as a merchant of farm implements, but eventually went back to farming exclusively. Minnick was an active member of the Lutheran church, specifically Rader's Lutheran Church on the outskirts of Timberville. He served his local congregation in many leadership capacities as a member of the executive committee and secretary of the church council. Minnick was also elected corresponding secretary of the Evangelical Lutheran Tennessee Synod at the annual convention in August 1902. He is buried in Rader's Lutheran Church Cemetery."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Ezra M. Minnick Sr. Diary, 1900, SC 0051, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Ezra M. Minnick Sr. Diary, 1900, SC 0051, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePer the minutes of the November 13, 2014 and February 12, 2015 Timberville town council meetings, Beverly Garber, town historian, acquired historic documents from the Minnick family, including two diaries, through Ebay.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Per the minutes of the November 13, 2014 and February 12, 2015 Timberville town council meetings, Beverly Garber, town historian, acquired historic documents from the Minnick family, including two diaries, through Ebay."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Ezra M. Minnick Sr. Diary, 1900, is comprised of one Excelsior Diary with daily entries by Timberville, Virginia farmer and government inspector, Ezra M. Minnick Sr. General subject matter includes weather reports, local and state politics, business dealings, and personal news and events.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe bound pocket diary, sold by William F. Murphy's Sons Stationers in Philadelphia, includes printed calendars, moon cycles, information on domestic and foreign currency, interest tables, and \"valuable information for business men.\" Minnick completed diary entries for each day in 1900. On most days Minnick travelled into the town of Timberville to conduct business. He commented daily on weather patterns, made regular mentions of visitors to his home and visiting he did, described his weekly church attendance, local deaths, marriages, other major community happenings including court days. He discussed his interactions with community members including Jonathan Calhoun, Casper Tussing, William J. Arehart, and Peter J. Knupp.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter Minnick was appointed to fertilizer inspector of the 7th District in March 1900, many of his diary entries discuss his duties and responsibilities related to that position. For example, on Wednesday, May 23, 1900 Minnick was \"This morning in Winchester at the Taylor House...then went about the place to see the different Fertilizer agents as to how much fertilizer they had received.\" Entries also include meetings with George B. Keezell (1854-1931), member of the Virginia Senate, and George W. Koiner (1852-1939), commissioner of agriculture in Virginia. Minnick made frequent mentions of his son Ezra Jr., wife Joanna, and 16-year-old live-in servant Mamie in his diary entries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOther entries of note include:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eTuesday, January 9, 1900\u003c/emph\u003e - \"Went to Mt. Jackson and attended the annual meeting off the stock holders of Mt. Jackson Natl. Bank. I rode in superintendent E. Ryder's private car from Timberville to Mt. Jackson.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eMonday, January 15, 1900\u003c/emph\u003e - \"I had my petition which I sent to Hon. G. B. Keezel this p. m. to present to Geo. W. Koiner Comr of Agriculture...as I am an applicant for Fertilizer Inspector for the 7th Congressional District.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eMonday, March 19, 1900\u003c/emph\u003e - \"I had a long talk with Geo. B. Keezel in reference to my appointment as fertz. Inspector for the 7th District.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eWednesday, March. 21, 1900\u003c/emph\u003e - \"I noticed in the Baltimore daily papers I received my appointment as fertilizer Inspector from the 7th district.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eTuesday, March 27, 1900\u003c/emph\u003e - \"This morning I went down to Mr. Bowman's \u0026amp; found him no better, then to Timberville and there was a letter from G. W. Koiner Commis. Agriculture Richmond Va. Notifying me to be in Richmond next Tuesday.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSaturday, July 28, 1900\u003c/emph\u003e - \"This morning to Timberville and made ready and went to Fisher's Hill to attend the Reunion of the farmers of Shenandoah Co. On getting on the train I found the Hon. G. W. Koiner on the train, on his way to Fisher's Hill. I had a considerable talk with him, on the way. Not a very large crowd present. Prof. Hughs spoke on the subject of Fruit raising.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe end of the diary includes notes and memoranda for eggs and other farm products sold for the year and miscellaneous accounting notes.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Ezra M. Minnick Sr. Diary, 1900, is comprised of one Excelsior Diary with daily entries by Timberville, Virginia farmer and government inspector, Ezra M. Minnick Sr. General subject matter includes weather reports, local and state politics, business dealings, and personal news and events.","The bound pocket diary, sold by William F. Murphy's Sons Stationers in Philadelphia, includes printed calendars, moon cycles, information on domestic and foreign currency, interest tables, and \"valuable information for business men.\" Minnick completed diary entries for each day in 1900. On most days Minnick travelled into the town of Timberville to conduct business. He commented daily on weather patterns, made regular mentions of visitors to his home and visiting he did, described his weekly church attendance, local deaths, marriages, other major community happenings including court days. He discussed his interactions with community members including Jonathan Calhoun, Casper Tussing, William J. Arehart, and Peter J. Knupp.","After Minnick was appointed to fertilizer inspector of the 7th District in March 1900, many of his diary entries discuss his duties and responsibilities related to that position. For example, on Wednesday, May 23, 1900 Minnick was \"This morning in Winchester at the Taylor House...then went about the place to see the different Fertilizer agents as to how much fertilizer they had received.\" Entries also include meetings with George B. Keezell (1854-1931), member of the Virginia Senate, and George W. Koiner (1852-1939), commissioner of agriculture in Virginia. Minnick made frequent mentions of his son Ezra Jr., wife Joanna, and 16-year-old live-in servant Mamie in his diary entries.","Other entries of note include:","Tuesday, January 9, 1900  - \"Went to Mt. Jackson and attended the annual meeting off the stock holders of Mt. Jackson Natl. Bank. I rode in superintendent E. Ryder's private car from Timberville to Mt. Jackson.\"","Monday, January 15, 1900  - \"I had my petition which I sent to Hon. G. B. Keezel this p. m. to present to Geo. W. Koiner Comr of Agriculture...as I am an applicant for Fertilizer Inspector for the 7th Congressional District.\"","Monday, March 19, 1900  - \"I had a long talk with Geo. B. Keezel in reference to my appointment as fertz. Inspector for the 7th District.\"","Wednesday, March. 21, 1900  - \"I noticed in the Baltimore daily papers I received my appointment as fertilizer Inspector from the 7th district.\"","Tuesday, March 27, 1900  - \"This morning I went down to Mr. Bowman's \u0026 found him no better, then to Timberville and there was a letter from G. W. Koiner Commis. Agriculture Richmond Va. Notifying me to be in Richmond next Tuesday.\"","Saturday, July 28, 1900  - \"This morning to Timberville and made ready and went to Fisher's Hill to attend the Reunion of the farmers of Shenandoah Co. On getting on the train I found the Hon. G. W. Koiner on the train, on his way to Fisher's Hill. I had a considerable talk with him, on the way. Not a very large crowd present. Prof. Hughs spoke on the subject of Fruit raising.\"","The end of the diary includes notes and memoranda for eggs and other farm products sold for the year and miscellaneous accounting notes."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_aa7da2b11ba961262949898e86188ea0\"\u003eThe Ezra M. Minnick Sr. Diary, 1900, comprises one Excelsior Diary with daily entries by Timberville, Virginia farmer and government inspector, Ezra M. Minnick Sr. General subject matter includes weather reports, local and state politics, business dealings, and personal news and events.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Ezra M. Minnick Sr. Diary, 1900, comprises one Excelsior Diary with daily entries by Timberville, Virginia farmer and government inspector, Ezra M. Minnick Sr. General subject matter includes weather reports, local and state politics, business dealings, and personal news and events."],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Minnick, Ezra M., Sr., 1865-1939"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Minnick, Ezra M., Sr., 1865-1939"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:21:18.584Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_371","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_371","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_371","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_371","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_371.xml","title_ssm":["Ezra M. Minnick Sr. diary"],"title_tesim":["Ezra M. Minnick Sr. diary"],"unitdate_ssm":["1900"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1900"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0051","/repositories/4/resources/371"],"text":["SC 0051","/repositories/4/resources/371","Ezra M. Minnick Sr. diary","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local","Farmers -- Virginia -- Timberville","Agriculture -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- History","Farm life -- Virginia -- Timberville -- History","Agriculture -- Economic aspects","Local government -- Virginia -- Timberville","Diaries","Weather diaries","Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The diary is housed in one letter folder.","\"Find A Grave – Ezra M. Minnick Sr., 1865-1939.\" Find A Grave - Millions of Cemetery Records and Online Memorials. Accessed February 15, 2017. https://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr\u0026GRid=31706844.","\"Lutheran Synod's Doings,\" The Richmond Dispatch, August 26, 1902.","\"Married,\" Our Church Paper, May 2, 1888","Stirewalt, Jermone Paul.  A Brief History of Rader's Lutheran Church Near Timberville, Virginia (Rockingham County) from May 20, 1765, to April 11, 1921, To Which is Added an Appendix . New Market, Va.: Henkel \u0026 Company's Lutheran Publication Establishment, 1922.","\"United States Census, 1900,\" database with images,  FamilySearch  (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MMJ3-NYF : accessed 14 February 2017), Ezra M Minnick, Plains Township (Timberville Precinct) Timberville town, Rockingham, Virginia, United States; citing enumeration district (ED) 64, sheet 1A, family 4, NARA microfilm publication T623 (Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 1972.); FHL microfilm 1,241,726.","\"United States Census, 1910,\" database with images,  FamilySearch  (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MPGC-NCF : accessed 14 February 2017), Ezra M Minnick, Plains, Rockingham, Virginia, United States; citing enumeration district (ED) ED 77, sheet 13B, family 250, NARA microfilm publication T624 (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 1982), roll 1647; FHL microfilm 1,375,660.","Ezra M. Minnick Sr. (1865-1939) was a native of Timberville, Virginia. He married Joanna C. Bowman (1861-1934), daughter of David Bowman, on April 24, 1888 at the bride's father's home north of Timberville. They had four children, but only two survived into adulthood - Ezra M. Minnick Jr. (1890-1973) and Millard B. Minnick (1902-1979). Minnick was engaged in farming as his primary occupation, but was also appointed fertilizer inspector for the 7th Congressional District in March 1900. By 1910, Minnick was listed in the federal census as a merchant of farm implements, but eventually went back to farming exclusively. Minnick was an active member of the Lutheran church, specifically Rader's Lutheran Church on the outskirts of Timberville. He served his local congregation in many leadership capacities as a member of the executive committee and secretary of the church council. Minnick was also elected corresponding secretary of the Evangelical Lutheran Tennessee Synod at the annual convention in August 1902. He is buried in Rader's Lutheran Church Cemetery.","Per the minutes of the November 13, 2014 and February 12, 2015 Timberville town council meetings, Beverly Garber, town historian, acquired historic documents from the Minnick family, including two diaries, through Ebay.","The Ezra M. Minnick Sr. Diary, 1900, is comprised of one Excelsior Diary with daily entries by Timberville, Virginia farmer and government inspector, Ezra M. Minnick Sr. General subject matter includes weather reports, local and state politics, business dealings, and personal news and events.","The bound pocket diary, sold by William F. Murphy's Sons Stationers in Philadelphia, includes printed calendars, moon cycles, information on domestic and foreign currency, interest tables, and \"valuable information for business men.\" Minnick completed diary entries for each day in 1900. On most days Minnick travelled into the town of Timberville to conduct business. He commented daily on weather patterns, made regular mentions of visitors to his home and visiting he did, described his weekly church attendance, local deaths, marriages, other major community happenings including court days. He discussed his interactions with community members including Jonathan Calhoun, Casper Tussing, William J. Arehart, and Peter J. Knupp.","After Minnick was appointed to fertilizer inspector of the 7th District in March 1900, many of his diary entries discuss his duties and responsibilities related to that position. For example, on Wednesday, May 23, 1900 Minnick was \"This morning in Winchester at the Taylor House...then went about the place to see the different Fertilizer agents as to how much fertilizer they had received.\" Entries also include meetings with George B. Keezell (1854-1931), member of the Virginia Senate, and George W. Koiner (1852-1939), commissioner of agriculture in Virginia. Minnick made frequent mentions of his son Ezra Jr., wife Joanna, and 16-year-old live-in servant Mamie in his diary entries.","Other entries of note include:","Tuesday, January 9, 1900  - \"Went to Mt. Jackson and attended the annual meeting off the stock holders of Mt. Jackson Natl. Bank. I rode in superintendent E. Ryder's private car from Timberville to Mt. Jackson.\"","Monday, January 15, 1900  - \"I had my petition which I sent to Hon. G. B. Keezel this p. m. to present to Geo. W. Koiner Comr of Agriculture...as I am an applicant for Fertilizer Inspector for the 7th Congressional District.\"","Monday, March 19, 1900  - \"I had a long talk with Geo. B. Keezel in reference to my appointment as fertz. Inspector for the 7th District.\"","Wednesday, March. 21, 1900  - \"I noticed in the Baltimore daily papers I received my appointment as fertilizer Inspector from the 7th district.\"","Tuesday, March 27, 1900  - \"This morning I went down to Mr. Bowman's \u0026 found him no better, then to Timberville and there was a letter from G. W. Koiner Commis. Agriculture Richmond Va. Notifying me to be in Richmond next Tuesday.\"","Saturday, July 28, 1900  - \"This morning to Timberville and made ready and went to Fisher's Hill to attend the Reunion of the farmers of Shenandoah Co. On getting on the train I found the Hon. G. W. Koiner on the train, on his way to Fisher's Hill. I had a considerable talk with him, on the way. Not a very large crowd present. Prof. Hughs spoke on the subject of Fruit raising.\"","The end of the diary includes notes and memoranda for eggs and other farm products sold for the year and miscellaneous accounting notes.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Ezra M. Minnick Sr. Diary, 1900, comprises one Excelsior Diary with daily entries by Timberville, Virginia farmer and government inspector, Ezra M. Minnick Sr. General subject matter includes weather reports, local and state politics, business dealings, and personal news and events.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Minnick, Ezra M., Sr., 1865-1939","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0051","/repositories/4/resources/371"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ezra M. Minnick Sr. diary"],"collection_title_tesim":["Ezra M. Minnick Sr. diary"],"collection_ssim":["Ezra M. Minnick Sr. diary"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local"],"geogname_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local"],"creator_ssm":["Minnick, Ezra M., Sr., 1865-1939"],"creator_ssim":["Minnick, Ezra M., Sr., 1865-1939"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Minnick, Ezra M., Sr., 1865-1939"],"creators_ssim":["Minnick, Ezra M., Sr., 1865-1939"],"places_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Acquired from M. Benjamin Katz Fine Books/Rare Manuscripts, Toronto, Ontario, Canada in November 2016."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Farmers -- Virginia -- Timberville","Agriculture -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- History","Farm life -- Virginia -- Timberville -- History","Agriculture -- Economic aspects","Local government -- Virginia -- Timberville","Diaries","Weather diaries"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Farmers -- Virginia -- Timberville","Agriculture -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- History","Farm life -- Virginia -- Timberville -- History","Agriculture -- Economic aspects","Local government -- Virginia -- Timberville","Diaries","Weather diaries"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.06 cubic feet 1 letter folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.06 cubic feet 1 letter folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Diaries","Weather diaries"],"date_range_isim":[1900],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe diary is housed in one letter folder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The diary is housed in one letter folder."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003e\"Find A Grave – Ezra M. Minnick Sr., 1865-1939.\" Find A Grave - Millions of Cemetery Records and Online Memorials. Accessed February 15, 2017. https://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr\u0026amp;GRid=31706844.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e\"Lutheran Synod's Doings,\" The Richmond Dispatch, August 26, 1902.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e\"Married,\" Our Church Paper, May 2, 1888\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eStirewalt, Jermone Paul. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eA Brief History of Rader's Lutheran Church Near Timberville, Virginia (Rockingham County) from May 20, 1765, to April 11, 1921, To Which is Added an Appendix\u003c/emph\u003e. New Market, Va.: Henkel \u0026amp; Company's Lutheran Publication Establishment, 1922.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e\"United States Census, 1900,\" database with images, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eFamilySearch\u003c/emph\u003e (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MMJ3-NYF : accessed 14 February 2017), Ezra M Minnick, Plains Township (Timberville Precinct) Timberville town, Rockingham, Virginia, United States; citing enumeration district (ED) 64, sheet 1A, family 4, NARA microfilm publication T623 (Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 1972.); FHL microfilm 1,241,726.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e\"United States Census, 1910,\" database with images, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eFamilySearch\u003c/emph\u003e (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MPGC-NCF : accessed 14 February 2017), Ezra M Minnick, Plains, Rockingham, Virginia, United States; citing enumeration district (ED) ED 77, sheet 13B, family 250, NARA microfilm publication T624 (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 1982), roll 1647; FHL microfilm 1,375,660.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["\"Find A Grave – Ezra M. Minnick Sr., 1865-1939.\" Find A Grave - Millions of Cemetery Records and Online Memorials. Accessed February 15, 2017. https://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr\u0026GRid=31706844.","\"Lutheran Synod's Doings,\" The Richmond Dispatch, August 26, 1902.","\"Married,\" Our Church Paper, May 2, 1888","Stirewalt, Jermone Paul.  A Brief History of Rader's Lutheran Church Near Timberville, Virginia (Rockingham County) from May 20, 1765, to April 11, 1921, To Which is Added an Appendix . New Market, Va.: Henkel \u0026 Company's Lutheran Publication Establishment, 1922.","\"United States Census, 1900,\" database with images,  FamilySearch  (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MMJ3-NYF : accessed 14 February 2017), Ezra M Minnick, Plains Township (Timberville Precinct) Timberville town, Rockingham, Virginia, United States; citing enumeration district (ED) 64, sheet 1A, family 4, NARA microfilm publication T623 (Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 1972.); FHL microfilm 1,241,726.","\"United States Census, 1910,\" database with images,  FamilySearch  (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MPGC-NCF : accessed 14 February 2017), Ezra M Minnick, Plains, Rockingham, Virginia, United States; citing enumeration district (ED) ED 77, sheet 13B, family 250, NARA microfilm publication T624 (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 1982), roll 1647; FHL microfilm 1,375,660."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEzra M. Minnick Sr. (1865-1939) was a native of Timberville, Virginia. He married Joanna C. Bowman (1861-1934), daughter of David Bowman, on April 24, 1888 at the bride's father's home north of Timberville. They had four children, but only two survived into adulthood - Ezra M. Minnick Jr. (1890-1973) and Millard B. Minnick (1902-1979). Minnick was engaged in farming as his primary occupation, but was also appointed fertilizer inspector for the 7th Congressional District in March 1900. By 1910, Minnick was listed in the federal census as a merchant of farm implements, but eventually went back to farming exclusively. Minnick was an active member of the Lutheran church, specifically Rader's Lutheran Church on the outskirts of Timberville. He served his local congregation in many leadership capacities as a member of the executive committee and secretary of the church council. Minnick was also elected corresponding secretary of the Evangelical Lutheran Tennessee Synod at the annual convention in August 1902. He is buried in Rader's Lutheran Church Cemetery.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Ezra M. Minnick Sr. (1865-1939) was a native of Timberville, Virginia. He married Joanna C. Bowman (1861-1934), daughter of David Bowman, on April 24, 1888 at the bride's father's home north of Timberville. They had four children, but only two survived into adulthood - Ezra M. Minnick Jr. (1890-1973) and Millard B. Minnick (1902-1979). Minnick was engaged in farming as his primary occupation, but was also appointed fertilizer inspector for the 7th Congressional District in March 1900. By 1910, Minnick was listed in the federal census as a merchant of farm implements, but eventually went back to farming exclusively. Minnick was an active member of the Lutheran church, specifically Rader's Lutheran Church on the outskirts of Timberville. He served his local congregation in many leadership capacities as a member of the executive committee and secretary of the church council. Minnick was also elected corresponding secretary of the Evangelical Lutheran Tennessee Synod at the annual convention in August 1902. He is buried in Rader's Lutheran Church Cemetery."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Ezra M. Minnick Sr. Diary, 1900, SC 0051, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Ezra M. Minnick Sr. Diary, 1900, SC 0051, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePer the minutes of the November 13, 2014 and February 12, 2015 Timberville town council meetings, Beverly Garber, town historian, acquired historic documents from the Minnick family, including two diaries, through Ebay.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Per the minutes of the November 13, 2014 and February 12, 2015 Timberville town council meetings, Beverly Garber, town historian, acquired historic documents from the Minnick family, including two diaries, through Ebay."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Ezra M. Minnick Sr. Diary, 1900, is comprised of one Excelsior Diary with daily entries by Timberville, Virginia farmer and government inspector, Ezra M. Minnick Sr. General subject matter includes weather reports, local and state politics, business dealings, and personal news and events.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe bound pocket diary, sold by William F. Murphy's Sons Stationers in Philadelphia, includes printed calendars, moon cycles, information on domestic and foreign currency, interest tables, and \"valuable information for business men.\" Minnick completed diary entries for each day in 1900. On most days Minnick travelled into the town of Timberville to conduct business. He commented daily on weather patterns, made regular mentions of visitors to his home and visiting he did, described his weekly church attendance, local deaths, marriages, other major community happenings including court days. He discussed his interactions with community members including Jonathan Calhoun, Casper Tussing, William J. Arehart, and Peter J. Knupp.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter Minnick was appointed to fertilizer inspector of the 7th District in March 1900, many of his diary entries discuss his duties and responsibilities related to that position. For example, on Wednesday, May 23, 1900 Minnick was \"This morning in Winchester at the Taylor House...then went about the place to see the different Fertilizer agents as to how much fertilizer they had received.\" Entries also include meetings with George B. Keezell (1854-1931), member of the Virginia Senate, and George W. Koiner (1852-1939), commissioner of agriculture in Virginia. Minnick made frequent mentions of his son Ezra Jr., wife Joanna, and 16-year-old live-in servant Mamie in his diary entries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOther entries of note include:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eTuesday, January 9, 1900\u003c/emph\u003e - \"Went to Mt. Jackson and attended the annual meeting off the stock holders of Mt. Jackson Natl. Bank. I rode in superintendent E. Ryder's private car from Timberville to Mt. Jackson.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eMonday, January 15, 1900\u003c/emph\u003e - \"I had my petition which I sent to Hon. G. B. Keezel this p. m. to present to Geo. W. Koiner Comr of Agriculture...as I am an applicant for Fertilizer Inspector for the 7th Congressional District.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eMonday, March 19, 1900\u003c/emph\u003e - \"I had a long talk with Geo. B. Keezel in reference to my appointment as fertz. Inspector for the 7th District.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eWednesday, March. 21, 1900\u003c/emph\u003e - \"I noticed in the Baltimore daily papers I received my appointment as fertilizer Inspector from the 7th district.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eTuesday, March 27, 1900\u003c/emph\u003e - \"This morning I went down to Mr. Bowman's \u0026amp; found him no better, then to Timberville and there was a letter from G. W. Koiner Commis. Agriculture Richmond Va. Notifying me to be in Richmond next Tuesday.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSaturday, July 28, 1900\u003c/emph\u003e - \"This morning to Timberville and made ready and went to Fisher's Hill to attend the Reunion of the farmers of Shenandoah Co. On getting on the train I found the Hon. G. W. Koiner on the train, on his way to Fisher's Hill. I had a considerable talk with him, on the way. Not a very large crowd present. Prof. Hughs spoke on the subject of Fruit raising.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe end of the diary includes notes and memoranda for eggs and other farm products sold for the year and miscellaneous accounting notes.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Ezra M. Minnick Sr. Diary, 1900, is comprised of one Excelsior Diary with daily entries by Timberville, Virginia farmer and government inspector, Ezra M. Minnick Sr. General subject matter includes weather reports, local and state politics, business dealings, and personal news and events.","The bound pocket diary, sold by William F. Murphy's Sons Stationers in Philadelphia, includes printed calendars, moon cycles, information on domestic and foreign currency, interest tables, and \"valuable information for business men.\" Minnick completed diary entries for each day in 1900. On most days Minnick travelled into the town of Timberville to conduct business. He commented daily on weather patterns, made regular mentions of visitors to his home and visiting he did, described his weekly church attendance, local deaths, marriages, other major community happenings including court days. He discussed his interactions with community members including Jonathan Calhoun, Casper Tussing, William J. Arehart, and Peter J. Knupp.","After Minnick was appointed to fertilizer inspector of the 7th District in March 1900, many of his diary entries discuss his duties and responsibilities related to that position. For example, on Wednesday, May 23, 1900 Minnick was \"This morning in Winchester at the Taylor House...then went about the place to see the different Fertilizer agents as to how much fertilizer they had received.\" Entries also include meetings with George B. Keezell (1854-1931), member of the Virginia Senate, and George W. Koiner (1852-1939), commissioner of agriculture in Virginia. Minnick made frequent mentions of his son Ezra Jr., wife Joanna, and 16-year-old live-in servant Mamie in his diary entries.","Other entries of note include:","Tuesday, January 9, 1900  - \"Went to Mt. Jackson and attended the annual meeting off the stock holders of Mt. Jackson Natl. Bank. I rode in superintendent E. Ryder's private car from Timberville to Mt. Jackson.\"","Monday, January 15, 1900  - \"I had my petition which I sent to Hon. G. B. Keezel this p. m. to present to Geo. W. Koiner Comr of Agriculture...as I am an applicant for Fertilizer Inspector for the 7th Congressional District.\"","Monday, March 19, 1900  - \"I had a long talk with Geo. B. Keezel in reference to my appointment as fertz. Inspector for the 7th District.\"","Wednesday, March. 21, 1900  - \"I noticed in the Baltimore daily papers I received my appointment as fertilizer Inspector from the 7th district.\"","Tuesday, March 27, 1900  - \"This morning I went down to Mr. Bowman's \u0026 found him no better, then to Timberville and there was a letter from G. W. Koiner Commis. Agriculture Richmond Va. Notifying me to be in Richmond next Tuesday.\"","Saturday, July 28, 1900  - \"This morning to Timberville and made ready and went to Fisher's Hill to attend the Reunion of the farmers of Shenandoah Co. On getting on the train I found the Hon. G. W. Koiner on the train, on his way to Fisher's Hill. I had a considerable talk with him, on the way. Not a very large crowd present. Prof. Hughs spoke on the subject of Fruit raising.\"","The end of the diary includes notes and memoranda for eggs and other farm products sold for the year and miscellaneous accounting notes."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_aa7da2b11ba961262949898e86188ea0\"\u003eThe Ezra M. Minnick Sr. Diary, 1900, comprises one Excelsior Diary with daily entries by Timberville, Virginia farmer and government inspector, Ezra M. Minnick Sr. General subject matter includes weather reports, local and state politics, business dealings, and personal news and events.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Ezra M. Minnick Sr. Diary, 1900, comprises one Excelsior Diary with daily entries by Timberville, Virginia farmer and government inspector, Ezra M. Minnick Sr. General subject matter includes weather reports, local and state politics, business dealings, and personal news and events."],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Minnick, Ezra M., Sr., 1865-1939"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Minnick, Ezra M., Sr., 1865-1939"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:21:18.584Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_371"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_250","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Henry Smals Diaries","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_250#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Smals, Henry, 1810-1892","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_250#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Henry Smals Diaries, 1871-1891, consist of three boxes containing eighteen volumes of diaries written by Henry Smals of Bridgewater, Virginia. The topics of diary entries are brief outlining day-to-day activities. A folder, located in Box 3, contains a partial index and a list of highlights for most volumes as well as an ad for \"Henry Smals, Fashionable Barber! Main Street, Bridgewater, Va.\"","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_250#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_250","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_250","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_250","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_250","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_250.xml","title_ssm":["Henry Smals Diaries"],"title_tesim":["Henry Smals Diaries"],"unitdate_ssm":["1871-1891"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1871-1891"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0096","/repositories/4/resources/250"],"text":["SC 0096","/repositories/4/resources/250","Henry Smals Diaries","Virginia -- History, Local -- Genealogy","Bridgewater (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Bridgewater (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Bridgewater (Va.) -- Economic customs -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Shoemakers -- Virginia -- Biography","African Americans -- Virginia -- History -- 19th century","Shoemakers -- Virginia -- History -- 19th century","Diaries","Weather diaries","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The diaries are arranged chronologically where possible, but due to variations in size are physically housed as follows in the Contents List. Volume 14 is filed in a separate container.","United States Census Office, 7th census. 1850 U.S. Census, Rockingham County, Virginia. Wichita, Ks.: S-K Publications, 1987.","Henry Smals (1810-1892) is listed in the 1850 Rockingham County Census as a shoemaker with real estate value of $1,000 with a wife, Mary, and six children. There is an entry for Henry Smalts in the 1860 census and for Henry Smalls in the 1870 census that gives additional household details. He may also have been a barber sometime during the 1880s (ses Box 3, Folder 4). His surname appears as a variation of Smalz and Smaltz as well.","The collection of diaries was first presented to George M. Hanger by Smals' grandson, Gal Miller, in 1910. The diaries were then given to George P. Furry in 1920, Edwina Furry in 1970, and Dorothy Merriefield in 1983.","The diaries appear to have been rebound, perhaps several times, and some volumes have sections in them that are not in chronological order. In some places the ink has faded to illegibility. In the fall of 2002 and 2003, Peggy Dillard and Ken Hinkle respectively created partial indices for the Smals diaries. The entries transcribed as part of these partial indices are included under each diary's scope and content note. ","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 2059 .","The Henry Smals Papers, 1871-1891, consist of three boxes containing eighteen volumes of diaries written by Henry Smals of Bridgewater, Virginia. The topics of diary entries are brief outlining day-to-day activities. There are mentions of acquaintances that are ill, various business transactions conducted in town, the movement of livestock, and hay through town, ongoing town projects, church activities, marriages, births, deaths, and other details of town life. The activities of \"colored people\" are occasionally noted. Throughout the diaries, Smals made small drawings of people and animals and added illustrations clipped from newspapers. A folder, located in Box 3, contains printed copies of a partial index and a list of highlights for most volumes as well as an ad for \"Henry Smals, Fashionable Barber! Main Street, Bridgewater, Va.\"","July 9, 1871: Rev. Holland preached.","July 28, 1871: \"Negro procession burying a black man, 27 numbers.\"","August 11, 1871: \"Ingenears [sic] at work from Harrisonburg to Bridgewater.\"  [sketch of surveyor's transit]","August 17, 1871: \"Eingenears [sic] leveling the road through town.\"","October 10, 1871: [Described Chicago Fire giving damage figures and drew a sketch]","November 8, 1871: A man was fined.","March 31, 1872: \"Charley Clark got his leg broke by the kick of a horse in the street near the Methodist Church.\" Rev. Engel [J.J.Eagle] was preaching at Mossy Creek ","April 22, 1872:\"Poor Peter Swisher, black, in  town from the Poor House ","April 28, 1872: \"class as usual at Lutheran Church\" ","May 4, 1872: Preaching by Rev. Whitscarver at 3pm ","May 8, 1872: \"A Drove of cattle went through town today to West Virginia to graze.\" [sketch of cow skull] \"A Load of corn to Staunton.\" [ear of corn sketch][during this period time small pox [drew symbolic dots] was raging at Tenth Legion and there is reference ot Tobias Swartz making barrels [sketch of barrel]]","May 27, 1872: \"A Cow ate up a pocket book for Harry Soule with $140 in the book.","May 31, 1872: \"Negro riot at Mrs. Woodleys.\"","June 1872: \"Glade as dry as we had seen in 40 years.\"","June 23, 1872: \"No class today, our church is under repairs. Prayer meeting at Lutheran Church","July 13, 1872:  \"Black Peter and Black Tond [sp?] came here from the Poor House for a Quarterly meeting.\"","July 14, 1872:  \"A great many Black persons at their meeting at the orchard of Mrs. Brown's. Sabbath Morning.  - \"Preaching by Reverend Engel [Eagle].  Rev. Whitescarver preached in the Methodist Church.  A very small congregation today.\"","August 4, 1872: [Henry Smals birthday.]","August 5, 1872: \"Some Scoundrels went in T. Hites watermelon lot and cut and stole all his watermelons.\"","August 17, 1872:  \"2 droves of Fat Cattle went through our town today . . . Another drove of cattle and a drove of sheep.  Another drove of cattle.\"","August 23, 1872: \"A camp meeting commence at Lacey Springs for the United Brethren in Christ.\" ","August 28, 1872:  \"A company of Gipseys went through our town.\"","September 2, 1872:  \"Two droves of cattle went through our town.\"","September 3, 1872: \"Greely Club meeting this evening.\"","September 4, 1872: \"25 wells gone dry.\"","September 5, 1872: \"load of crocks from Mt. Sidney.\"","September 7, 1872:  \"Negro picnic at Mt. Solon today at 11 o'clock.\" [5 black heads drawn]","September 14, 1872:  \"A drove of cattle very fat came through our town today. Reverend Perry killed 23 squirrels.\"","September 21, 1872:  \"A drove of sheep from Hiland came through our town  . . . A drove of cattle went through our town.\"","September 22, 1872: \"A large crowd  at the M. E. Church South.\"","September 24, 1872:  \"Joseph Byrd and Squire Whitsearver gone to try a Negro.  He is a lunatick.\"","September 28, 1872:  \"Negro picnic in the woods near the town.\"","October 4, 1872:  \"A blind Negro playing on harp for a living . . . A Negro show in our town this evening at 8 o'clock.\"","October 11, 1872:  \"2 beaves killed this evening in our town.\"","October 15, 1872:  \"A drove of sheep, a drove of cattle went through our town today.\"","November 8, 1872:  \"1 drove of cattle went through our town to Faquire County.\"","November 14, 1872:  \"Horse disease [Epizooty] made its appearance in our midst.  No fatal cases reported as yet.  Chicken cholera also prevailing.  The Devil has been at loose among the stock, poultry, etc.\"","November 25, 1872:  \"A large drove of cattle went through our town today.\"Dec. 11, 1872:  [Writes in German.]","December 22, 1872:  \"Class at usual hour 9 o'clock, Sabbath School at 2 o'clock. Singing after class.  Also singing at 6 ½ o'clock, Closed singing a 8 o'clock.\"","December 30, 1872:  \"Sinclair Lewis came to town this evening.\"","December 31, 1872:  \"Mr. Mason, Superintendent of Poor House, in town today.\"","February 7, 1873:  \"Black people all gone to the railroad from Bridgewater.\"","March 8, 1873:  \"2 droves of cattle and 2 droves of sheep went through our town this evening. . .  The black presiding elder's name is Harst.\"","March 9, 1873: \"Singing by Professor Wartman at 10 o'clock.\"","March 10, 1873:  \"All the black boys from Bridgewater went to the railroad.\"","March 26, 1873:  \"A drove of cattle and hogs went through out town today-up the country.\"","March 27, 1873:  \"All the colored people gone to the railroad.\"","April 22, 1873 : \"There are 11 preachers in town.\"","April 27, 1873: \"Baptism by Immersion in the River near the Bridge.\"","May 12, 1873:  \"A drove of cattle went through our town to the mountains.\"","May 15, 1873:  \"A drove of cattle gone through our town to the mountains.\"","May 18, 1873: \"Hattie Dinkel and Frank Perry baptized.\"","May 28, 1873:  \"Shifflet killed a black man dead in his tracks on the railroad between Sangersville and Harrisonburg.\"","June-August, 1873:[A lot of talk about many people being in town looking for work on the railroad and how much work was being done; a lot of railroad business.]","June 22, 1873: \"Preaching by Reverend Nihiser.\"","August 27, 1873: [District Conference commenced in Mt. Crawford.]","August 31 1873,-  \"Preaching at M.E.C.S by Reverend Waugh.\"","September 6, 1873:  \"Negroes have a Sabbath school picnic this evening.\"","September 20, 1873:  \"1 Drove of fat cattle gone through our town.\"","October 1, 1873:  \"Wages on the NGR Road is cut down to $1.25 per day and board themselves.  Negroes would not work for that price.\"","October 2, 1873:  \"A great stampede with the Negroes striking for higher wages or work on the whole line on the Narrow Gauge RR.  A great many Negroes gone to Staunton.\"","October 3, 1873:  \"A great many Negroes in town today looking for work.\"","October 5, 1873 - Reverend Weddell was to preach in Temperance Hall.","November 1, 1873:  \"A large drove of cattle came through our town.\"","November 15, 1873:  \"Negro Fair today at their schoolhouse on the bank of the river.\"","November 24, 1873:  \"Joseph Williams shot a negroman a convict from the penitentiary but did not kill him.\"","December 12, 1873: \"Dr. McMarren came to our town to open a drug store.\" [mortar and pestle sketch]","December 16, 1873:  \"Finished work on the Broad Gauge RR this evening.\"","December 28, 1873: \" Preaching by a Northern Methodist.\"","December 29, 1873:  \"A Negro frolick in our town tonight in the Odd fellows Hall lower room.\"","January 1, 1874: \"John Allemong and Mack Aden leased the Band Mill of  George Berlin for 3 years.\"","January 3, 1874:  \"A drove of cattle went through our town today.  2 droves more cattle went through our town.\"","January 4, 1874:  \"Preaching at Brethren Church by Rev Nihiser.  Prayer  mtg. 6 ½  o'clock in M. E. C. S.\"","January 11, 1874:  Sabbath morning   clear cool   class at the usual hour of 9 oclock   Preaching by Rev. Mr. Engel [Eagle]  Sabbath School at 2 oclock   Preaching by Rev. Whitescarver [Baptist?]   Also Rev Mr. Weddell at 3 ½ oclock  Rev Mr. Stuart preached at M. E. C. S. at 6 ½ oclock","January 17, 1874:  \"A drove of very fat cattle went through our town today.\"","February 1, 1874:  \"Singing by Professor Bucher at 11 o'clock.  Black Liz had a child and carried it to the stable, child had a bunch of straw crammed in its mouth, found dead.\"","February 13, 1874:  \"A drove of cattle came through our town.  1 drove of hogs went through our town today.\"","February 17, 1874:  \"A large drove of cattle went through our town today.\"","February 22, 1874: \"Sabbath Morning.  Class at the usual hour at 9 o'clock.  Preaching by Rev. Mr. Engel [Eagle].  Sabbath School at 2 o'clock.  Preaching at 3 ½ o'clock by Rev. Mr. Whitscarver.   Prayer meeting at the usual hour 6 ½ o'clock.  Very warm  mercury up to 82 degrees.\"","February 26, 1874: Two houses and lots were sold in Bridgewater for $375 each.  [Smals always drew a house when one was sold and when people moved to another house].","March 8, 1874: \"The old Methodist Church in Mt. Crawford Blown Down by wind today.\"","March 13, 1874: \"Rev Engel [Eagle] came home from Conference this morning.\"","April 11, 1874:  \"A drove of cattle gone through our town to the mountains. Lovefeast at 9 o'clock.  Preaching at 11 by John H. Marten.\" ","May 18, 1874:  \"Charley Hottle and Jack Higgins were arrested for stealing a large iron pot of Davie Danner and put in the calaboose for 3 hours and there whipped on the bare back, Charley 8 lashes and Jack 4.\"  [Doesn't say if these two were black or white.]","June 4, 1874:  \"This is Pention [sic] Day for the soldiers of the war.\"","June 9, 1874:  \"A great many persons in our town today for flowers for the soldiers graves.\"","June 10, 1874:  \"This is Memorial Day in Harrisonburg of Confederate Soldiers graves.\"","June 16, 1874:  \"A Negro strike on the Railroad today.\"","June 18, 1874:  \"President of NGRR and chief engineer in town today.\"","July 25, 1874:  \"Quarterly meeting commenced today by the Colored People in Bridgewater.\"","July 25, 1874: \"The Normal Professors and Scholars gone on the Round Hill, a pleasure trip.\"","August 15, 1874: \"Professors and Boys had a fine game of Bass Ball this afternoon.\"","October 2, 1874:  \"Colonel Osburn gone home and I suppose that is the end of the Broad Gauge RR.\"","November 2, 1874: \"Adam Rader butchering today.\" [Adam Rader was the first mayor of Bridgewater, Virginia and organized the first Methodist church in that town in 1841.  He is commemorated in a stained glass window in the Bridgewater United Methodist Church].","December 4, 1874:  \"This is Pention [sic] Day of the Soldiers of the War.\"","December 13, 1874: \"Rev Haines buried in Port Republic. Requested that all people who had heard him preach come to see him buried.\"","December 28, 1874:  \"Negro frolick in our town tonight.\"","March 1, 1875: \"The Sivil [sic] Rights Bill passed both houses.  Nigger can look to have his head broke.\"","April 28, 1875: \"Dick Rogers killed 1 loon and 1 Night Heron.\" [accurate sketches of both birds]","May 24, 1875:  \"A panther attacked one of Wises boys this morning on Wises.\"","May 24, 1875:  \"A panther attacked one of Wises boys this morning on Wises.\"","June 9, 1875:  \"A Negro hung near Harrisonburg for insulting a white woman today without judge or jury.\"","August 13, 1875: \"Methodist Camp Meeting commence today above Mt. Sidney.  Rev. Mauzey [Mausee] gone to attend this meeting.  Also a camp meeting near Lacey Springs commence to day held by United Brethren.\"","September 24, 1875:  \"A parsel of Negroes were blowed up on the Railroad in a cut near the Darah Coal mines.\"","September 25, 1875:  \"Severell droves of cattle, hogs and  sheep went through our town today to market.\"","October 15, 1875: [Sketch of a steam sawmill.]","January 2, 1876: Sabbath Morning.  \"A blind man by the name of Johnson addressed the Sunday School and children.\"","February 10, 1876: \"A large supper and surprise party given at Rev. Mauzeys [Mausee], about 50 in number.\"    ","February 21, 1876: \"Monday morning cloudy and rain.  This is Court Day.  A great many persons in town to day.  A great many drunk.  The Mite Society met at the Parsonage at 7 o'clock. Collected 6 dollars and some cents.  Miss Player was indited before the grand jury for killing her child by sticking scissors in its neck, seven holes.\"","March 6, 1876:  \"Great Disaster happened at the Narrow pass. Bridge broken, cars went down and killed 11 and wounded all of the crew and killed 96 cattle and tore everything to pieces.\"","March 11, 1876:  \"A Sons of Purity had a procession and fair today in Town Hall. A great many black folks present. They realized about $45 for their society.\"","March 20, 1876:  \"Black Amos gone to Montrey with his wagon with provisions for convicts.\"   [Many entries about people taking provisions to convicts.]","April 20, 1876:  \"Black Peter died at the Poor House.\"","May 3, 1876:  \"Black Charley Teter got drunk and Mr. Simpson struck him in the mouth and Charley was put in the calaboose.\"","June 10, 1876:  \"Black folks have Picnick at Mt. Sidney today.  The band is gone up to Sidney.\"","June 18, 1876: Sabbath Morning.   \"…the M. E. Church received a new library today, 125 volumes of good literature.\"","July 12, 1876: \"Old Miller Campbell drown in a barrel of water in Daton this morning.\"","August 21, 1876: \"Jedediah Hotchkiss of Staunton lectures geography of Virginia today at two o'clock.\"","August 31, 1876:  \"Convicts came off the road and gone near Rawley Springs to get out Railroad ties.\"  [Convicts now working on the RR, not blacks]","September 19, 1876: \"Adam Rader came to town today.\"","October 1, 1876: Sabbath -[Henry Smals attended Quarterly meeting at Naked Creek.]","October 24, 1876: \"4 droves of cattle came through our town.\"","November 5, 1876: Sabbath-\"John Allemong very sick\"","November 6, 1876: \"John Allemong still sick.\"","November 7, 1876:  Declares Tilden and Hendricks as elected President and VP of the country","February 4, 1877: Sunday -  \"The colored Quarterly Meeting closed this evening about 9 o'clock.\"","February 5 1877:  \"A black man the name of R. Coffman went to John Hatfields and choked John's wife and hurt her face and arm, and went in pursuit of him and caught him at James Davis and brought him to Mr. Byrds and Mr. Byrd sent him to jail for further trial.\"","February 16, 1877:  \"Negroes have a dance in the lower room in Odfellow Hall tonight.\"","March 5, 1877:  Notes inauguration day but doesn't mention names.  Perhaps he's disappointed his candidates didn't win after all.","March 16, 1877: [Smals mentions Pastors Graechen and Kinzer who were both new ministers at the M. E. Church on the Bridgewater Circuit.]","March 19, 1877:  \"The trial of the black man comes off today for an attempt of rape, was condemned to the penitentiary for 10 years.\"","January 2, 1875:  \"S. Coffman was arrested for assault and battery.\" [a black man].","April 1, 1877: \"Preaching at M. E. Church by Rev. Kinzer.\"","April 23, 1877:  \"Mr. Shifflett condemned to be hung by the neck till he is dead dead dead\"","April 25, 1877:  Shiffletts hanging to be done June 29.","June 12, 1877:\"a new engine went through our town today.\"","June 23, 1877: \"The Masons had a picknick below the bridge today.  All the Masons in town were present.\"","June 24, 1877: Sabbath morning: \"Preaching by Rev. Kinzer in M. E. Church.  Preaching in the Brethren Church at 8 o'clock in the evening.\"","June 29, 1877:  Hanging put off for further trial.","July 4, 1877:  \"This is Independence Day, great parade in Harrisonburg about 5,000 persons present.  Fine day for a celebration in Harrisonburg.  Several speeches made in the courtyard.\"","July 11, 1877:  \"Verdict brought in for Shifflett for murder in the first degree.\"","August 19, 1877: Sunday: \"About 3,000 people at a Camp Meeting in Parnassus.\"","August 24, 1877:  \"A picnic at Harrisonburg by the Negroes\"","August 25, 1877:  A white picnic at Mt. Crawford.","September 1, 1877:  \"The [traveling] Centennial closed tonight for the White People.\"","September 2, 1877: \"Preaching in M. E. Church by Rev. Graechen.\"","September 3, 1877:  \"Today Centennial opened for the Colored People.  A good crowd present.\"","September 5, 1877:  \"Several drove of cattle came through our town.\"","September 9, 1877: \"Preaching by Rev. Mausey [Mausee].\"","Wednesday, September 12, 1877: \"Rev. Roe preached in M. E. Church tonight on object of Bibles.\"","September 23, 1877: \"I [Smals] delivered an address to the Sunday School Prayer Meeting tonight.\"","September 25, 1877:  \"Mr. Shiflett was hung in Harrisonburg today about 1 o'clock.\"  [Sketch of a hangman's noose and gallows drawn]","October 3, 1877:  \"Some fine stock went through our town today.\"","November 11, 1877:  \"Boat was built to cross the river; big rope extended to both sides.\" [draws picture of rope and boat crossing the river.]","November 14, 1877: Preaching by Rev. Graechen.","November 27, 1877: \"…Jenkins nephew making boats to cross river.\"","December 8, 1877: \"A boat sank today with a load of wood on the wagon belonging to Daniel Evans, supposed to weigh 6 tons.\"","December 14, 1877:  \"Commenced the bridge.\" [drew a picture of a stone bridge].","December 17, 1877: \"Uncle Adam Rader paralyzed today.\"","December 18, 1877: Jacob Dinkel died [brother in law of Smals].","December 25, 1877:  \"Colored band has gone to Harrisonburg.\"","December 26, 1877:  White band invited to play at a party.","January 1878: [ Work continues on the bridge.]","January 22, 1878: \"Business very dull.  John Allemong put his calico down to 5 cents per yard.\"","January 26, 1878: \"Boys killed a red fox on Round Hill today.  Shot by John Keaton.\"","January 31, 1878: \"John Smith and Right Hartman had a fight today in the confectionaire [sic].\"","February 1, 1878: Rev. Graechen came to town.","February 7, 1878: \"Samuel S. Miller cut his hand in my shop.\"","February 9, 1878: \"The Dunkards made arrangements to build a church out at the woods.  Layed off the ground today.  Joe Summerlance and Tailor Sheetz had a fight at the bridge today.  Paid a fine of dollar apiece by decision of the Mayor.\"","February 13, 1878:  [Smals took sick for 2 weeks; no entries.]","March 6, 1878:\"Our annual Conference goes in session today in the City of Baltimore. Business looking up now.\"","March 7, 1878:  \"Black woman linched [sic] and hung for burning a barn.\" [drew picture of gallows]","March 19, 1878: \"Great Elocution in M. E. Church to night by Rev. Ross.  A failure. Ross sick.\"","March 22, 1878:  \"Henry Smals fell in the river today.\"","March 28, 1878:  \"Trussels finished on the bridge.\"  [Children and ladies crossed first]","April 9, 1878:  [Bridgewater Enterprise, first paper printed in Bridgewater; J.H. Smals bought the first paper off the press.]","April 12, 1878:  \"Bridge finished; first wagon and cart driven over.\"","April 30, 1878:  [Notes Dr. doing \"obstetricks\" [sic];  316 cases; lost only 1 mother.]","May 18, 1878:  \"Colored People have their first Quarterly meeting in this town.\"","May 20, 1878:  \"Commenced putting on shingles on Bridge roof today.\"","May 21, 1878:  \"Black Jack Higgins and Black Sam Williams had a fight on the road.\"","May 31, 1878: \"Peter Miller started to Baltimore to purchase stock for his factory.\"","June 3, 1878: \"John Hatfield and Gallice Miller finished the bridge today.  Gallice Miller drove the last nail.\"","June 5, 1878:  \"Commenced painting the bridge. . . . Bridge finished today.\" [Sketch of the finished bridge]","June 10, 1878: \"Presbyterians organized their church today.  Rev. Price preached in the Lutheran Church.\"  \"Spits of snow with 3 ½ inches on Mountain.\"","June 14, 1878:  \"Great decoration of soldier's graves; amount of persons present about 12,000; a good many went from Bridgewater.\"","June 20, 1878: \"Perry Meace crossed the Bridge with a steam boiler weighing 9200 pounds.\"","June 22, 1878:  \"2 Beef Wagons in town today.\"","June 23, 1878:  \"Preaching in M. E. Church today by Reverend Kinzer.  Mr. Kiracofe married to Miss McWilliams.  Some of the Negroes had a fuss in their church.\"","June 28, 1878:  \"2 hundred pounds of butter came to town today.\"","June 29, 1878:  \"A great deal of butter came to town today.\"","July 4, 1878:  \"This is Independence Day.  A fourth of July Celebration held at Edinburg today.  A good many persons gone to the celebration at Edinburg from this town.\"","July 6, 1878:  \"A big trial with the niggers for misdemeanor at their church.  Jane Bookers, Nels Lee and Addel Johnston were fined 50 cents each and cast and bound over the peace for 12 months.\"","July 19, 1878:  \"Picnic by the colored people at their schoolhouse tonight also tomorrow night.\"","July 21, 1878: Preaching by Rev. Daniel [David] Bush at Church.  \"Meeting at M. E. Church to pass a Resolution to have a festival on the 9 and 10 of August for the benefit of the M. E. Church.\"","July 25, 1878: \"Editor Delaney is taking the origin of our town from year 1826.\"  [This was apparently a history of Bridgewater].","July 27, 1878: Rev. Rosenbough at M. E. Church.","August 1, 1878:  \"A picnic of the Colored people at Coonrods Store today.  Our Colored Band went to play for them.\"","August 3, 1878: Iron safe weighing 5110 pounds installed in Bank of Bridgewater. ","August 4, 1878: [Smals birthday.  Preaching by Rev. Graechen in M. E. Church.]","August 9, 1878: Camp Meetings at Parnassus and Fort Defiance.","Sunday, August 11, 1878: \"No class today in consequence of church being out of order.\" [Repairs?]","August 20, 1878: Frank Miller got 15 years in penitentiary for stealing horses.  ","August 25, 1878: Meeting at the new Dunkard Church.","August 28, 1878: \"Dr. Brown got his printing press.\"","August 30, 1878:  \"Colored People's Camp Meeting commenced tonight near George Kerekoff's, on his land.\"","September 6, 1878:  \"A Colored man preached tonight at camp meeting near our town.\"  [The meeting closed on the 8th.]","September 20, 1878:  \"Great parade with the Negroes in Harrisonburg celebrating their freedom.\" [drew 4 black heads]","October 24, 1878: \"Rod and balls for church put on.\" [The legibility is unclear for this entry but from the accompanying sketch, it appears a lighting rod was installed on the church].","October 27, 1878: Rev. Green preached in M. E. Church.","November 3, 1878: Rev. Rosebough preached in M. E. Church.","December 1, 1878: Rev. Hat preached in M. E. Church.","December 25, 1878:  \"Colored had a fair in Town Hall.  Realized $8.\"","January 16, 1879:  \"Black Nels Lee got married to Black Allard.  Rev. Mauzy married them.\"","January 23, 1879:  \"Nels Lee moved into the house at the end of the Plank Walk.  Colored people working on their church.\"","February 15, 1879: Rev. Grachen preaching.","February 17, 1879: \"A Grand Supper gave by the Band of Bridgewater.  Cornet Band to night.\"","February 20, 1879: \"Charles Furry's wife had twins to night.\"","February 28, 1879: \"Mr. McClouds House burnt up about 11 o'clock to night.\"","March 1, 1879: \"A fine Revival going on in Harrisonburg. About 76 conversions up to this date.\"","March 5, 1879: \"Our Annual Conference goes in session at Salem, Roanoke County.\" ","March 6, 1879:  \"Commenced work again on the African church in rear of our church. George White bought 5 hogs of Mrs. Ward for $20.\"","March 8, 1879: Four day conference.  [likely M. E. Church]","March 12, 1879: Eight day conference adjourned.  Brother Kinzer returns to our Sircuit [sic] and Rev Holcomb [Homan?] moved to Jesse Frys house in our town.","March 14, 1879:  \"Negro Exhibition at old Town Hall tonight.\"","March 19, 1879: \"Dr. Brown moved his drug store to Armstrongs store room and also the printing press upstairs in Browns Store.  Samuel Miller upset his buggy and broke the top off it.\"","March 22, 1879: \"Lute Swartz killed a Sandhill Crane this morning.\" [sketch of crane]","March 30, 1879: \"Quarterly meeting going on at Crawford.\" ","April 13, 1879: \"Preaching by Kummingham [R. S Cunningham] at M. E. Church.\"","April 14, 1879: Henry Smals got sick on his way to Richmond Odd Fellows Conference.","April 29, 1879: \"A. Hollins brought a load of agricultural implements to the Old Town Hall.\"","May 10, 1879:  \"Quarterly meeting with the colored people today.  Presiding elder present.\"","May 29, 1879: \"Peter Miller's stable burnt down.  Supposed to have caught from the engine of Mr. Sheetz.\" ","June 9, 1879:  \"This is Memorial Day at Staunton to decorate the soldiers graves.  A good many persons gone from Bridgewater.\" [June 6-at Winchester-Memorial of the Dead-estimates 25,000 present]","Thursday, June 12, 1879: \"This is the day the Lawn Festival commences in church yard at M. E. Church.  No festival on account of rain.\" [sketch]","June 23, 1879: \"Willie Bradburn got his arms in the carding machine, tore off the flesh of half the arm.\" [Smals always drew a sketch of injured arms and legs]  \"about 2500 black bass put in the dam above the woolen factory.\"","June 27, 1879: \"A great many cherries in our town to day at from 11 to 20 cents per gallon.  Mr. Mefall got his buggy and harness broken near Allemongs by hoisting an umbrella, horse got frightened.\"","July 4, 1879: \"Day of Celebration in Harrisonburg, about 15,000 people present, 6 bands and 6 military companies, a powerful turnout.  98 degrees for 3 hours and one hour 100 degrees, awful dust.  It was supposed that $10,000 dollars was left in Harrisonburg today.\"","July 13, 1879: Rev. Rosbrown [?] preached.","July 21, 1879:  \"J.H. Smals at court, made 2 indictments on assault and battery, the other a rape on a small Negro child.\"","August 15, 1879:  \"Rev. Boothe, Colored preacher, in United Brethren Church tonight.\"","August 25, 1879: \"Oliver L. Rhodes made me a present of a fine hat this shape.\"  [sketch of the hat].","August 31, 1879:  \"Also dedication by the colored people of their church in our town.  Realized $72. Their presiding elder present. Had good order.\"","September 1, 1879: Rev. Cunningham had gone to District Conference at \"Wainsborough.\"  [Waynesboro]. ","September 4, 1879:  \"The first issue of the Bridgewater Journal out.\"\t","September 5, 1879: First issue of the Bridgewater Journal published.  [sketch]","September 6, 1879: Dr. Brown had gone to Rawley Springs to bottle water.   ","September 14, 1879: Rev Kemper preached in PM.","September 22, 1879:  \"This is Mansipation [sic] Day for the Negroes.\"  [Writes this in big letters and draws four black heads.]","October 2, 1879:  \"A blind black man sung in the African church this evening.\"","October 13, 1879:  \"Cars ran off the track and smashed 11 cars all to pieces, hurt a good many.\" [Smals does not tell where this happened]. ","October 28, 1879:  \"The winter meeting in the M. E. S. Church still in progress.  Herschel Young professed religion tonight\"","October 29, 1879:  \"547 cattle passed through town today.\"","November 1879-January 1880:  Mentions a lot of religious meetings and conversions.","November 2, 1879: \"56 for church service.  Protracted meeting still going on in M. E. Church.\"  [This revival continued for the first week or two of November] ","November 6, 1879:  \"Mr. Sheetz plank mill burnt down with 7,000 feet of lumber.\"","November 8, 1879: \"Several drummers in town today selling goods.\"","November 9, 1879: \"Wofered Vancant struck Joe William with a club at our church door.\"  [sketch of club with word club written on it]  \"John Myers was converted to night about 9 o'clock.\"","November 11, 1879: \"Moffett Miller, Dr. Bucher and Thrush Sellers were all converted.\" [Moffett Miller is commemorated in a stained glass window in Bridgewater United Methodist Church].","November 21, 1879: \"I  H. Smals heard a great noise to night in the skyes about 12 o'clock. The Noise was as Distant Thunder.\"  [He noted that the temperature was 8 degrees the next morning.]","December 8, 1879: \"Miss Rosenbaum came to our town to teach music on the piano from Staunton.\"","December 13, 1879:  \"The Tunkard Brethren had quite a revival.  15 were baptized by immersion.  Old man Marshall killed a 568 ¼ pound hog.\"  [Sketch of hog, Smals always reported who all was butchering this time of year]","December 24, 1879: \"Christmas tree in the M.E. Church.  A large attendance on the occasion.  In Shiffletts Hollow, Shifflett killed his brother Shifflett.\"","Christmas Day: \"a ladder at the Methodist Church with presents for the children.\"[This must have been a structure erected for the children's presents].","December 30, 1879:  \"Lutherans locked the Baptist out of their church this evening.\"","January 1, 1880:  \"Rev. Grennan preached in the Dunkard Church on the subject of baptism by immersion-3 times face down.\"","January 13, 1880: \"Miss Mulley Robinson gone home to Harrisonburg with mail wagon.\"","January 18, 1880: \"Preaching at 11 o'clock by Dr. John S. Martin in the M. E. Church.  Quarterly meeting.\"","January 20, 1880:  \"John Allemong elected president of our Narrow Gauge Rail Road.\"","January 21, 1880: \"A cave discovered on Blosser's Farm by Bud Peterson close to Pike about 2 ½ miles this side of Harrisonburg.\"","January 22, 1880: \"The U. B. trustees sold the church to the Baptists for $400.\"","January 24, 1880: \"Some scoundrel stopped my shop chimney up and smoked me powerful.\" ","January 28, 1880: \"One hundred cases of smallpox at Culpeper.\"","February 3, 1880: \"The organ for the M. E. Church came this evening.\" [sketch]","February 9, 1880: \"Campbell killed Smith at the Warm Springs today.\"","February 11, 1880: Rev. Grachen preached at M. E. Church.","February 23, 1880: Big fire in Bridgewater.  Destroyed Mr. Byrd's House and stable and burned the houses and out buildings of Mrs. Covington and Mrs. Arey.  $10,000 loss.","March 2, 1880:  \"The chimneys of the burnt houses were thrown down today.  M. E. Church broken into and the organ injured.\"","March 3, 1880: \"The Baltimore Conference met this morning at Front Royal, Warren County.\" ","March 4, 1880: \"Wild geese over river today near bridge.\"","March 5, 1880:  \"Mr. Ehrman the Beef man in town today settling with his customers.\"","March 6, 1880:  \"A man here today measured 6'7\" high.  He was a monster.\"","March 22, 1880:  \"John Hatfield puts a roof on Mrs. Covington's dairy.  Commenced this morning for $5.  High winds-could hardly stay on the building.\"","March 31, 1880:  \"The negroes had a fight at Lowman's stable last night.\"","April 2, 1880:  \"A great negro trial at our courthouse.  About 90 persons present.  Jos. Higgins and John Bundy paid a fine of $3.90 each for fighting at the corporation [of Bridgewater.]\"","April 28, 1880: \"George Dinkel and A. H. Smals commence making brick back of the school house.\"","May 6, 1880: \"George Jenkins wife had a child cut from her womb and saved the woman.\"","May 17, 1880:  \"Old Black Aunt Dasha died this evening about 10:00 at Miss May Areys.\"","May 23, 1880: Preaching by Rev. King.","June 3, 1880:  \"Mr. Jacobs wife and others gone to Harrisonburg to see the decorations of the soldiers graves.  A very small crowd present.\"","June 5, 1880:  \"A great Memorial Day at Winchester.  A great many persons present.\"","June 10, 1880:  \"A lawn party at Harrisonburg by the Colored People and the Colored Band attended the party.\"","June 14, 1880: \"Allemong gone to Staunton to close of female school of the M. E. C. South.\"","June 17, 1880: \"Mrs. Goldsmith buried to day in our grave yard and Brother Cunningham preached text Revelation.\"","June 19, 1880:  \"Colored Band went to Newmarket to the Cave.\"","July 2, 1880:  \"The colored people had a festival tonight at their church. Realized $7.30.\"","July 3, 1880: \"Hopewell was elected Sargent [sic] for the Corporation Bridgewater colored people.\"","July 3, 1880:  \"Colored people had another festival. Realized $10.18.\" [White lawn parties Smals mentions raise anywhere from $40-$70].","July 6, 1880: Smith stole George Milstead's watch and about ten dollars in money. [He got it back in the next day or so].[Smals records that Bridgewater had a population of 400 people in July 1880]","July 8, 1880:  \"The amount of population of the encorporation of Bridgewater is 400 white and colored.\"","July 20, 1880: \"T. P. Humphreys gone to Sunday School Convention at Valley Grove between Baltimore and Washington City.\"","July 30, 1880:  \"The Sons of Purity [colored] have a great parade today in Harrisonburg.\"","July 31, 1880:  \"The colored band gone to Pleasant Valley to a picnic.\"","August 6, 1880:  \"Rev Bush and Rev. Wolfe came down the street in a Rockaway and spindle broke and one jumped out the other fell out of the Rockaway and neither got hurt.\"","August 9, 1880:  \"Henry Hocks and T. Sheets had a fight.  Sheets struck H. Hocks with a piece of iron.  It is supposed that Hocks was in fault.\"","August 21, 1880:  \"A good many cattle and sheep gone through our town today.\"","August 22, 1880: Sabbath: \"Preaching by the Tunkards at the far end of town.\"","September 3, 1880:  \"A big watermelon trial between Joseph Nisewander and the Kerecoofs.\"","September 25, 1880:  \"The negroes had a picnic at Mt. Solon today.  The Nigger Band played for them.\"","September 30, 1880:  \"Colored People Village Camp commenced this evening in this place.  A negro show at the River schoolhouse.\"","October 1, 1880: \"Old Uncle Adam Rader has come over to our town at the age of 90 years old.\"","Octpber 19, 1880: \"A big show in Harrisonburg today, a great many persons present.  Some drunk and some sober.\" [sketch of circus tent]","November 11, 1880:  \"Peter Miller gone to West Va. on a preaching ture [sic] today.\"","November 29, 1880: \"I  H. Smals killed my hog today.\"","December 1, 1880: \"Some scoundrel cut the guts of Charley Teters horse this morning.  Mat Barber was arrested for gutting the horse, his trial comes off next Saturday in this place.\"","December 4, 1880: Mat Barber trial commence in old Town Hall. [Smals implies that others were implemented, but the trial outcome is not clear]","December 24, 1880: \"Coldest weather I ever felt or saw.\"","December 31, 1880:  \"25 degrees below zero.   Frank Erwin and Dewit Brown froze their ears stiff.\"","[A note in the back of this book says 32 snows fell in the winter of 1880-81].","January 3, 1881:  \"8 degrees below zero, wood getting very scarce.  E. B. Simpson went to Harrisonburg today with snow shoes, they are about six feet long and six inches wide.  Oh this is fearful weather, a great deal of slaying going on.\"","January 6, 1881: \"Professor Geason gave a Grand Free Exhibition of Scientific Horsemanship today and commenced a class with 20 or more pupils at $2.00 per pupil.\"","January 21, 1881: \"the horse tamer is in our town today.\"","February 6, 1881:  \"Niggers had a fight in African Church tonight.\" [Drew 3 black heads]","February 7, 1881: \"I H. Smals made a pair of boots for a Mr. Stokes that he wore for 25 years, please beat that.  There were 26 persons at the young mens prayer meeting in M.E.C. to night.\"","February 12, 1881:  Sam Williams was fined $10 and bound over the Peace for 12 months. Jos. Williams the same and Oliver Failer was fined $5 and bound over for 12 months for fighting in the African Church last Sunday in Bridgewater, VA.\"","February 17, 1881:  \"Allemony's Cattle Sale today.  His yearlings sold at $16 per head.\"","March 2, 1881: Stuart Lindsey lead union prayer meeting in M. E. Church at 5 o'clock. ","March 6, 1881: \"Mr. McNeal came to our town to see his sweet [sketch of heart] and I tell you she is very Handsome.  he lives in Hardy County.\"","March 7, 1881: \"Engineers and Simpson gone on the route of the railroad.\"  [sketch of surveyor's level]  Rev. Mr. Whisner came to Marg Areys.  A good many preachers went through our town to Harrisonburg to Conference.\"  ","March 27, 1881: Rev. Bush had his first sermon in M. E. Church.","March 28, 1881:  \"Joseph Williams taken to jail by Hopewell for fighting in Methodist Church, Colored.\"","March 29, 1881: \"Joseph Williams taken to jail for fighting in Methodist Church, colored.  The Engineers Simpson and Bell came home from their Byrds Eye Survey.\"","April 1, 1881: Preaching at M. E. Church by Rev. Deans.","April 14, 1881: \"F. K. Speck went after Uncle Adam Rader who died on the 7 of the present month at Culpeper County near Brandy Station.\" ","April 16, 1881: \"Uncle Adam Rader has been brought to this town to be buried in our grave yard this evening.\"","April 23, 1881:  Jesse Fry shot Dr. Jones cow in his wheatfield with small shot.\"\t","May 5, 1881: \"Adam Smals commence the brick church at Mossy Creek today with 6 hands.\"","May 7, 1881:  Colored people's 1st Quarterly meeting held in this place.\"","May 8, 1881: \"Preaching by Rev. Price in M. E. Church at 7 ½   oclock.  Mrs. Stickler lost 2 $5 Dollar Notes some where between the M.E. Church and home.\"","May 24, 1881: \"This is the most powerful year for Locus Blooms I ever saw.  I hope will get a good corncrop.\"","June 15, 1881:  Mr. Wm. S. Perry sold a calf 10 days old for $5.75 to Frank and Will Ervin.\"","June 21, 1881: \"Thrush Sellers finished Mrs. Covington's fence today at $8.00.\"  [sketch of  iron fence]  \"He finished a lattice fence the next day.\" [sketch of lattice fence]","July 1, 1881: \"John Carpenter Brought an Engine Thresher to Bridgewater.  Daily mail commences between Bridgewater and Stribling Springs.\"","July 2, 1881: \"Quarterly meeting commences this morning at Sangerville.  Presiding elder is I. S. Martin.  President Garfield was Shot in the City of Washington, District of Columbia.\" ","July 8, 1881:  \"A Colored Festival in Mt. Sidney today and night.  Realized $50.\"","July 13, 1881: \"Dr. Brown tapped Mrs. Showalter near Mt. Solon, 10 pints of water from her abdomen.\"  [Dr. Brown was often noted being present at births].","July 18, 1881: \"Dr. Brown had the first Roastnears in our town.\"  [sketched ear of corn] \"GrandMaster Crowder from Staunton will be with us in our lodge tonight as Odfellows.\"  [Belongs to Ancient Odfellows of Bridgewater Lodge.  Frequently writes in some kind of \"lodge code\"]","July 21, 1881:  \"The Negro Band gone 4 miles above Staunton today to a lawn party.  They get $10 for the trip.\"","July 24, 1881:  \"Mr. Looses, Mr. Hartman's, Mr. Minoss, and Mr. Allemony's cows died from eating molasses cane today.\"","July 26, 1881:  \"John Allemony's other cow is very sick.  A Negro shot himself near Mt. Solon today with a pistol accidental.\"","July 29, 1881:  \"The Colored People have a Lawn Party in our Odfellow Hall tonight and tomorrow night.\"  [Aug. 10 and 11-White lawn party held on school grounds]","August 20, 1881: \"Cora Crickenberger cut her throat and stabbed her self in the head two or three times.\"","August 23, 1881: \"This day District Conference commence 2 oclock in M. E. Church.  Preachers present.  Conference organized at 3 oclock this evening, John S. Martin in the chair, a good many preachers present and a large Lay Delegation Present.  Preaching at 8 oclock this evening by  Rev. A Weller.  Conference lasted all week.\"","August 29, 1881: \"all the preachers gone home today.\"","September 2, 1881: \"Mrs. B. Kyles lamp exploded this evening but did not hurt any one.\" ","September 4, 1881: Rev. Tailor had prayer meeting at M. E. Church.","September 9, 1881:  \"A Lawn Festival held in M. E. Church lot to night, Realised about $25.\"","September 10, 1881:  \"Festival Lawn Party tonight in churchyard.  Colored People have a picknick [sic] today at their church.\"","September 20, 1881:  \"Shef Lewis and Wise fought a duel today.  Neither of them hurt.\"","September 22, 1881: \"Henry Smals I appoint you as Stuart for the Corporation of Bridgewater Council given under my hand for the sum of two Dollars for Services Commencing on the first of July 1881 and Closing July 1, 1882.\" _ M. Stickler, Mayor","September 24, 1881:  \"A Lawn Party at Mt. Solon by the colored people.\"","September 25, 1881: Rev. Hildebrand preached at M. E. Church.","October 1, 1881:  \"Colored band gone out to play for a picknick near Pleasant Valley in Rockingham County.\"","October 5, 1881:  \"James Clary open his Degarian [?] Saloon at Robert Funks.\"","October 6-7, 1881:  \"Colored at Allemony's this evening at 8:00. . . .Colored meeting still going on in this town.\"","November 13, 1881: \"Mrs. Arey came home today. Sabbath morning class at the usual hour 9 oclock, Sabbath school at 2 ½  oclock.  Prayer meeting at M. E. Church 7 oclock.\"","November 18, 1881: \"Clear and Warm. A Great Republican procession in Harrisonburg to night, Governor Walker came to our town.\"","November 19, 1881:  \"Rev Perrys children all have the Hooping Cough.  Some of them very poorly tonight.\"","November 20, 1881: \"Preaching at 11 oclock by Rev Hildebrand.\"","November 21, 1881: Court Day.   \"Professor Steel commence his Wrighting School today.\"  [sketch of quill] \"N. Marion Miller gone to Het Smals to do sowing for them.\"","November 22, 1881: Cloudy and cool.  \"Stuart Lindsay has gone to Monterey to see his sick wife.\"","November 27, 1881: \"No preaching in town today.  Mrs. J Lindsey and T Lindsey came from Monterey this evening.  Stuart Lindseys wife some better.\"","December 1, 1881: \"Dr. T. H. Brown gone to Moorefield Hardy County to see his daughter Verdie Mcneal [McNeil]…  Mr. Jos Byrd move to his new house today.\"  [sketch of 2 story house with 2 chimneys, Smals sketches of houses that people bought and sold often show details which were probably characteristic to the particular house] ","December 4, 1881: Preaching at 11 o'clock by Rev. Bush.","December 6, 1881: \"Stuart Lindseys wife some better.\"","December 10, 1881: \"P. Miller gone to Broadway to see about the schoolhouse to be built here or at Broadway.\"","December 11, 1881: \"No preaching in town today.\"","December 12, 1881: \"Cloudy and threaten for snow cold weather.\"","December 14, 1881: \"Snowed through the night one inch in depth.\" [drew a one inch purple line]","December 16, 1881: \"Stuart Lindsey and wife came home from her Father's at Monterey, She is right peart.\"","December 25, 1881: Sabbath morning clear and cold this is Christmas Day. Prayer Meeting at 5 oclock, Class meeting at 9 oclock , No preaching at 11 oclock, Sabbath school at 2 oclock, Preaching at 6 ½  oclock by Rev D. Bush.","December 26, 1881: \"Professor Hull commenced his singing school today.\"","December 27, 1881: \"Peter Miller is receiving contribution of the German Baptist Formal School to be established at this place.\"","December 28, 1881: Clear and warm.  \"the Baptist members are moving their church back 6 feet today. D. John Allemong sick.\"","January 4, 1882: \"John Allemong very sick.  Allemong has Nierulalgia of the Bowels.  8 inches of snow.\" ","January 5, 1882: \"Allemong no better.\"","January 6, 1882: \"J.W. F. Allemong no better\"","January 10, 1882: \"Street Lamps made for the Corporation, they will be put in a short time.\"  [sketch of lamp]","January 11, 1882: \"John W. F. Allemong some better.\"","January 17, 1882: \"Allemong still improving, able to get up and be shaved.\"","January 18, 1882: \"the Ladies are holding a Missionary metng this afternoon in M. E. Church at 3 ½ oclock.\"","January 20, 1882: \"John W. F. Allemong improving very fast\"","January 24, 1882: \"Allemong has gotten well\"","January 27, 1882: Jury brought in a verdict, that Guitttoes [sic] committed Murder in first Degree for killing President Garfield.\"","February 2, 1882:  \"groundhog day: He saw his shadow.\"  [Smals drew a sketch of a ground hog every year, but his drawings resembled a cat more than a ground hog]  \"Allemong hauling ice from Factory and Robert Wrights Ponds.\"","February 10, 1882: \"Charley Schenk fell in the Creek\"","February 12, 1882: Preaching at 11 oclock by Rev. Hildebrand.","February 15, 1882:  \"Miss Ryan buried in our graveyard today at 3 oclock   Funeral preached by Rev Hildebrand.\"","February 17, 1882:  \"Oyster supper this evening for the Benefit of the M. E. Church, realized $21.50 Dollars.  John Allemong Enlarged his office to day.\"","February 18, 1882:  \"Adjourned Quarterly meeting met in Allemong's Office today.  Oyster supper this evening for the Benefit of the M. E. Church.  Realized [?]  Dollars.\"","February 19, 1882: \"Preaching by Rev Rosebrow in M. E. Church at 7 oclock.  Mrs. McNeil of Hardy County Dr. Browns Daughter had a son born today at Dr. Browns.\"","February 21, 1882: \"Uncommon windy and Storm and uncommon muddy…  Rev. Kinzer came to our town today.\"","February 22, 1882: \"Rev. Kinzer preached for us.  Click Miller, Ad Hollum, Walter Davis and John Allemong bought the wood factory and Foundrey for the sum of $9000 Dollars.\"","February 25, 1882: \"A Great many Deprecations acted tonight by the Boys, Shooting, Cursing, Swearing and being Drunk.\" ","February 26, 1882: \"Preaching in M.E. Church by Rev Bush and Sacrament of the Lords Supper.  Hopewell shot a chicken for Salley Fitchew.  Laurence fired a pistol also on the Sabbath.\"","March 2, 1882: \"Queen Victoria was shot and mist her.\"","March 6, 1882: \"Preachers all fixing to go to Conference.\"","March 8, 1882: \"Sheets sold his Hartman Lot and house to J. W. F. Allemong for the sum of $200 dollars.\"","March 14, 1882: \"Stuart Lindseys wife very poorly.\"","March 16, 1882:  \"Rev. Hildebrand came back from Conference today to our town.\"","March 17, 1882: \"Joseph Attaffer died this morning at 1 oclock.\"","March 18, 1882: \"Saturday morning cloudy sleet and Rain  Rained all day long,   Joseph Attaffer buried today.\"","March 22, 1882: \"Dog bit Eugene Ervin in the hand this morning very badly.\"","March 26, 1882: \"David Bush preached.\"","April 2, 1882: Rev. Whitescarver preached.","April 7, 1882: \"Widow John Arey died this morning.\"","April 16, 1882: \"Preaching by Rev. Tailor at Barbees Office.\"","April 17, 1882: \"Jacob Wynant's Horse Run off.  It went home and never Broke his Buggy.\" ","April 20, 1882: \"Joseph Beery Hung himself in his grainery this morning about 5 oclock on Linville Creek the cause not known. Jack Thuma killed a large loon.\"  [sketch]  [Smals wrote of at least four horse-runoff episodes during April].","April 24, 1882: \"Mrs. Stuart Lindsey Died at Jacob Lindseys House…\"","May 4, 1882: \"The smallest Baby Born to day in the world some where in the north, it weighed 8 ounces and was perfect child.\"","May 5, 1882: \"The Mossy Creek folks settled with Allemong to day for the church.\"","May 6, 1882: \"A waggon Run over G. Claude Smals to day and Did not Break any of his Limbs.\"","May 11, 1882: \"The Presbyterian Church was dedicated to Day.\"","May 18, 1882: \"A fish and meat house opened here to day.\"","May 28, 1882: \"Rev. Armstrong preached the Dedicatory sermon for the Mt. Solon Church to day and Realized money enough to the pay the Deposit on the Church which was $300.\" ","June 6, 1882: \"Jack Dooms finished the Parsonage House today.\"","June 15, 1882: \"Jack Dooms finished the Parsonage Stable today.\"","June 18, 1882: Rev. Bush preached. ","June 19, 1882: \"Isac Marshall Bought a Cow of Mr. Brown for a price of $45.00   She is a full Jersey.\"","July 24, 1882: \"11 Wagons went through town for Blackberries to Parnassus, 50 bushels to town\"","August 1, 1882: \"A new Barbershop by Barber and John Collbert commenced to day.\"","August 8, 1882: \"I H. Smals had the pleasure of shaving Francis O'ferell the Colonels Brother from Minnesota, he came to our town to see his Mother.\"","August 17, 1882: Commenced laying Brick on the Bank to day.\"","September 9, 1882: \"Overseer of the Poor took Peachy Hoak to the Poorhouse to day\"","September 12, 1882: \"I H. Smals was Disfranchised as Sexton and P. Hartman was put in my place.\"\n[This undoubtedly pertains to the Methodist Church]. ","September 14, 1882: \"Scaffold at Bank fell and hurt 3.\"","September 23, 1882: \"Meinars Jim Dog died to day.\"","October 2, 1882: \"the Great Comet made its appearance this morning in the East.\"","October 4, 1882: \"H. Dice sold a lot to Casper Earheart for $100, 1 ¼ acre.  Thrush Sellers Bilds Mrs. Williams a house for $600 on High Street.\"","October 22, 1882: Preaching by Rev. Hildebrand.","October 23, 1882: \"Humphreys Loose got his new engine this evening, it cost about $1200.\"","December 25, 1882: \"Jack Higgins and Jack Jones were tried and convicted for stealing and sent to jail.\"","December 26, 1882: \"A Christmas tree for benefit of the Sabbath School Children.  Speech from Rev. D. Bush.\"  [sketch of Christmas Arch]Jan 24: \"Old Brother John Altaffer Died in this Place this evening about 4 oclock at age of 84 ½  years old, he has been a Methodist for 65 year and over.\" [Commemorated in stained glass window in Bridgewater United Methodist Church.]","January 26, 1883: Rev Bush preached Altaffer's funeral.","April 6, 1883: \"Our young Preacher Waters came to town this evening from Maeraland [Maryland].\"","June 1, 1883:  \"Colored boy died of scarlet fever [age 16] and buried in colored graveyard.\"","June 24, 1883: Dr. Folensher preached.","June 25, 1883:  \"A great many persons harvesting today-wheat very good.\"","June 30, 1883:  \"Burn and Elam fought a duel near Wainsborough.  Elam got a flesh wound; the other was not touched.\"","July 1, 1883: Preaching by Rev. Waters","July 8, 1883:  \"Our choir sung for the colored people today at 11:00.  Rev. B. Smith preached-a colored man.\" [Sunday]","July 11, 1883: \"The Wizard men came to our town this evening and will stay until next Sabbath.\"","July 12, 1883: \"Mr. Allemong and family gone to White Sulphur Springs to stay for 3 weeks.\"","July 14, 1883:   Talks about a \"wizard man\" being in town for the week selling medicine.","July 25, 1883: \"Hanger and wife joined the M.E. Church to night.\"","July 29, 1883: Henry Smals granddaughter Sallie Miller married Samuel Boselmen.","August 4, 1883: \"My Birth day.  I H. Smals was born on the 4 August 1810 Saturday in afternoon at 3 oclock near the head of Muddy Creek about 2 miles of the head of Linville Creek and Bowmans Mill.\"","August 20, 1883:  \"George E. Dunnell killed a Negro.  Shot him in self-defense.\"","September 20, 1883:  \"Mr. George Murry's ondley daughter [age 11] got killed at a cane mill.  The shaft caught her clothes and thread her around and beat her head soft.\"","November 8, 1883: \"Dr. Brown and Robert Whitescarver have a Quarrel in our Shop this morning, but Did not come to blows.\"","November 12, 1883: \"Dock Van Pelt moved to Sangersville, he has moved 18 times in 6 years.\"","December 28, 1883:  \"A black man from Rockbridge County came to our town and married Black Maria Huldey yesterday in the African Church.\"","December 31, 1883:  \"Watch meting to night in M. E. Church. Oyster supper by the colored people in Odfellows Hall.\"","January 1, 1884:  \"Oyster supper by the Odfellows tonight in Odfellows Hall.  Everybody invited. Uncommonly cold; scarlet fever very bad in the area; ice 6\" frozen.\"","February 4, 1884:  \"Mrs. Young was laying out a woman who had died and got some gastric juices on a sore on her hand and now suffers very much in consequence of it.\" [She was sick for about a week; Smals doesn't mention her after that.]","February 26, 1884: \"Dr. Jones Drugstore caught on fire and burt up all his drugs and medcane [sic].  Did not burn the store house.\" ","May 11, 1884:  \"Colored people had their first Quarterly meeting at this place today.\"","May 24, 1884:  \"William Fishback and a black man had a fight.  Fishback struck the negro in the head with a rock and Fishback had to pay a fine and cost which was $4.45.\"","May 31, 1884:  A great \"bass ball\" game.  Bridgewater 28 Harrisonburg 25 and 2 whitewashes.","June 11, 1884:  \"David Hooks whipped his sister with a yardstick this morning and left marks on her boddie.\"","June 13, 1884:  \"Brady and Wine killed their first beef this evening.  Going to butcher all summer.\"","June 15, 1884 : \"Lighting struck Rev. Raley [Lutheran] near Mt. Crawford and knocked his horse down but did not kill either of them.\"","June 18, 1884: \"All the presses and other tools to Bridgewater this evening to make cigars.\" [sketch of cigar]","July 19, 1884:  \"Nute Fry commenced butchering and selling beef in Bridgewater this morning.\"","August 1884:  [Several mentions of a cigar/tobacco factory.]","August 6, 1884: \"Old Jimmie Coakley, colored, died today near Rushville at the age of 110 years old.\"","August 10, 1884: \"Sabbath Morning, Warm Cloudy.  Rained some last night.  This is Childrens Day with the M.E.C.S.  The collection amounted to 10 dollars.  Preaching by Rev. Waters at 11 oclock.  Exercises at 2 oclock, also at night.\" ","August 16, 1884: \"Professor Hoover and Professor Hulvey came to our town.  Spoke in the Old Town Hall as Democrats.\"\n[At this time Rev. Campbell was preaching in the Lutheran Church and Rev. Clark in the Baptist Church.  Smals usually mentioned the services in Lutheran and Baptist Churches].","August 30, 1884:  Cigar boys played and beat Bridgewater boys in baseball.","September 3, 1884: \"Uncle Jake Hesberger raised a watermelon that weighed 47 ¾ pounds.\" ","September 7, 1884: Rev. Linch preached in M.E.C.S Church.","September 13, 1884: \"A fellow going to walk on a Rope started from J. Dinkles to the top of the old Tavern.\"","September 20, 1884:  \"The colored people have a local Preachers Convention here-will continue over Sunday.\"","September 21, 1884:  \"Preaching at colored church by colored preacher.  Fifteen local preachers present at the Convention.  Large crowd of colored people present.  Collected $30.\"","September 22, 1884: \"Jacob Bierly and son were killed in the well by foul air.\" ","October 5, 1884: Rev. Ross preaching at M. E. C. ","November 1, 1884: \"Mrs. Showalter Beat a little child today Black and Blue.  She was arrested and had her trial.  Paid the Corporation $5.00 and $25.00 to the County Court.\"","December 6, 1884:  \"A negro shot another negro in Harrisonburg last night.  He was caught and lodged in jail to await trial.\" ","December 25, 1884: Thursday Morning Clear.  \"Very cold this Christmas Day, Plenty of ice on the River   Boys skating and shooting.\"","December 26, 1884: \"I H. Smals Eat a fine Dinner at George Hangers.\"","December 27, 1884: \"Oyster supper to night by the Masons at Will Areys.\" ","January 12, 1885: \"The Cigar Boys commence making cigars today.\"  [Smals makes frequent  references to the \"cigar boys\" working in the cigar factory in Bridgewater]","January 18, 1885: \"Old Mr. Hailman fell through the Bridge and Caught himself before he got to the water.\" [Smals had been writing regularly of work on the bridge]","January 24, 1885: \"William H. Grove finished the Bridge today.  Got $56 for his 16 days work.\"   ","February 21, 1885: \"21 below zero.\"","March 11, 1885:  \"Nuten Smals came here from Hampshire County.  Brown Smals and Thomas Smals came to my house to day from Berkley County near Williamsport W.Va. to purchase cattle.\"","March 18, 1885: \"Our Preachers have come from Conference to day.  Rev Dice the Presiding Elder and Rev Lynch and Prettiman [Prettyman] the Senior and Junior Preacher for one Year.\"","March 21, 1885: \"Dam frozen over to night, never was known to freeze over in March before.\"","March 22, 1885: Preaching by Rev. Reade [Reid?]","March 24, 1885: \"Old Miller Areys sale today on Muddy Creek.\"","March 25, 1885: \"Hales engine went through our town this morning.\"","March 27, 1885: \"A Degarion [?] car came to town today.\" [sketch of train car, maybe an early photo studio?]","March 28, 1885: \"The dogs killed a parse of sheep for John Allemong this morning. John Allemong discharged 6 of his cigar men.  Only 4 rollers left and 2 packers.\"","April 3, 1885: [Good Friday.]  \"This is the day our Savior was crucified nearly 1900 years ago.\" [sketch of cross]  ","April 10, 1885:  \"The old Brick Shop that I Built 1840, 44 years ago, they are taring down to Build Drivers House.\"","April 12, 1885: \"Bettie Brown joined the M. E. Church South.\"","April 16, 1885: \"John Fisher rented the Lower Room of the Odd Fellows for the sum of  Two Dollars per month…\"","April 18, 1885: \"The first Quarterly Conference held in this place.   Presiding Elder present and both of the preachers on the Sircuit present and a good many of the Official Body present.  Brother Lynch gone to Spring Hill to hold a Quarterly meeting for the presiding Elders.  Brother Prettyman preached at night at 7 ½  oclock.\"  ","April 21, 1885:  \"Burk Sellers cow had twin calves.\"","April 22, 1885: Moses Stickler had been recommended as Post Master in Bridgewater.","April 26, 1885:  \"Two bysicles in our town.  Came from Harrisonburg in 52 minutes.\"","April 28, 1885:  \"J.W.S. commenced getting new milk of Mrs. Jenkins today at 6 cents per quart.\"","May 6, 1885:  \"Dinkel hired a bisicle in Harrisonburg to learn to ride on.\"","May 15, 1885: \"My Daughter Annie Died to night at 10 oclock.  She was 42 years and some month old.\" ","May 20, 1885: \"Richard Berlin put a whistle on his engine today.\"","June 8, 1885: \"Shifflett stabbedd Riddle 2 times in the side.  The one stab is supposed to be fatal.\"","June 13, 1885:  \"Dr. Johnson's cow had 2 calves this morning.\"","July 1, 1885:  Post Office opened and first day of mail service in Bridgewater area.  Carriers going to Stribling Springs and Harrisonburg.","July 24, 1885:  \"2 Negroes broke open wines at Funkhouser store and stole 2 suit of clothing, coffee and sugar, and other articles. A black woman found under a hay stack with her throat cut from ear to ear in Augusta County, VA.\"","August 7, 1885:  \"Colored people had a Festival tonight at the Old Town Hall\" [3 sketches of black heads].","August 8. 1885:  \"Colored people continue their festival tonight.  Colored people have a Quarterly meeting on Crawford's farm today and tomorrow.\"","March 8, 1886:  \"The Colored Minstrel Singers came to our town today and sing tonight in the M.E. Church.  Colored in this town a perfect Humbug.\"","April 15, 1886:  \"The colored Preacher came here on his circuit today.\"","May 7, 1886:  Notes marriage of 2 coloreds with a squiggly circle drawing.  \"Wm. Branson to Allace Brookins\"","May 26, 1886:  \"Charley Stuart moved in Berlintown in Joseph Nielwanders house.  He is a colored man.\" [sketch of black man's head].","June 1, 1886:  \"Mat Barber's child buried today in the Colored Graveyard in this town today at 11 o'clock.  Colored boy Joseph Riggle came to our town today to work in the factory.\"","June 11, 1886:  \"John Wine's wife had twins and two days afterward his cow had twin calves.\" [sketch of twin calves]","June 14, 1886:  \"The Colored people have a Picknick tonight for the benefit of their Preacher.\"","Summer of 1886:  Talks a lot about farmers harvesting their wheat all over and in July \"people are thrashing all over.\"  ","August 1, 1886:  \"The Colored People had a Bush meeting near Mt. Crawford.\"","August 2, 1886:  \"A great show at the African church tonight by the colored folks.\"  [Pasted a picture of black musicians surrounded by violins, banjos and other instruments]","August 30, 1886:  \"Jackson Doomer's cow died this morning.\"","September 4, 1886:  \"Another bucher shop opened near Allemony's store.\"","September 18, 1886:  \"Mr. Isaac Marshall weighed his big hog today at 705 pounds.\"","October 16, 1886:  \"Colored Quarterly meeting commenced today in Bridgewater.\"","October 19, 1886:  \"Henry Dice and Frank Irvin came home from Pokehunters to bring his cattle home.\"","November 22, 1886:  \"Sanger Brothers started a Creamery today in Bridgewater.\"  ","February 15, 1887:  Josie Wise, colored, buried in the Colored Graveyard today at 11 o'clock.  A great many colored persons present.\"  ","On speech:  [Smals spells the railroad president's name \"Auther Vandabilt\"]","On blacks:  [Frequently mentions when they are born, married, and died and usually draws head sketches.]","On travel:  [In 1877 a trip to Harrisonburg took 4 hours.]","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Henry Smals Diaries, 1871-1891, consist of three boxes containing eighteen volumes of diaries written by Henry Smals of Bridgewater, Virginia. The topics of diary entries are brief outlining day-to-day activities. A folder, located in Box 3, contains a partial index and a list of highlights for most volumes as well as an ad for \"Henry Smals, Fashionable Barber! Main Street, Bridgewater, Va.\"","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society","Smalls family","Smals, Henry, 1810-1892","Hotchkiss, Jedediah, 1828-1899","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0096","/repositories/4/resources/250"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Henry Smals Diaries"],"collection_title_tesim":["Henry Smals Diaries"],"collection_ssim":["Henry Smals Diaries"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia -- History, Local -- Genealogy","Bridgewater (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Bridgewater (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Bridgewater (Va.) -- Economic customs -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia -- History, Local -- Genealogy","Bridgewater (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Bridgewater (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Bridgewater (Va.) -- Economic customs -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century"],"creator_ssm":["Smals, Henry, 1810-1892","Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society"],"creator_ssim":["Smals, Henry, 1810-1892","Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Smals, Henry, 1810-1892"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society"],"creators_ssim":["Smals, Henry, 1810-1892","Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society"],"places_ssim":["Virginia -- History, Local -- Genealogy","Bridgewater (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Bridgewater (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Bridgewater (Va.) -- Economic customs -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection is on deposit from the Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Shoemakers -- Virginia -- Biography","African Americans -- Virginia -- History -- 19th century","Shoemakers -- Virginia -- History -- 19th century","Diaries","Weather diaries"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Shoemakers -- Virginia -- Biography","African Americans -- Virginia -- History -- 19th century","Shoemakers -- Virginia -- History -- 19th century","Diaries","Weather diaries"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.7 cubic feet 3 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["0.7 cubic feet 3 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Diaries","Weather diaries"],"date_range_isim":[1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe diaries are arranged chronologically where possible, but due to variations in size are physically housed as follows in the Contents List. Volume 14 is filed in a separate container.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The diaries are arranged chronologically where possible, but due to variations in size are physically housed as follows in the Contents List. Volume 14 is filed in a separate container."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eUnited States Census Office, 7th census. 1850 U.S. Census, Rockingham County, Virginia. Wichita, Ks.: S-K Publications, 1987.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["United States Census Office, 7th census. 1850 U.S. Census, Rockingham County, Virginia. Wichita, Ks.: S-K Publications, 1987."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHenry Smals (1810-1892) is listed in the 1850 Rockingham County Census as a shoemaker with real estate value of $1,000 with a wife, Mary, and six children. There is an entry for Henry Smalts in the 1860 census and for Henry Smalls in the 1870 census that gives additional household details. He may also have been a barber sometime during the 1880s (ses Box 3, Folder 4). His surname appears as a variation of Smalz and Smaltz as well.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Henry Smals (1810-1892) is listed in the 1850 Rockingham County Census as a shoemaker with real estate value of $1,000 with a wife, Mary, and six children. There is an entry for Henry Smalts in the 1860 census and for Henry Smalls in the 1870 census that gives additional household details. He may also have been a barber sometime during the 1880s (ses Box 3, Folder 4). His surname appears as a variation of Smalz and Smaltz as well."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection of diaries was first presented to George M. Hanger by Smals' grandson, Gal Miller, in 1910. The diaries were then given to George P. Furry in 1920, Edwina Furry in 1970, and Dorothy Merriefield in 1983.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["The collection of diaries was first presented to George M. Hanger by Smals' grandson, Gal Miller, in 1910. The diaries were then given to George P. Furry in 1920, Edwina Furry in 1970, and Dorothy Merriefield in 1983."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Henry Smals Diaries, 1871-1891, SC 0096, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Henry Smals Diaries, 1871-1891, SC 0096, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe diaries appear to have been rebound, perhaps several times, and some volumes have sections in them that are not in chronological order. In some places the ink has faded to illegibility. In the fall of 2002 and 2003, Peggy Dillard and Ken Hinkle respectively created partial indices for the Smals diaries. The entries transcribed as part of these partial indices are included under each diary's scope and content note. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThis collection was previously cataloged as SC 2059\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Notes"],"processinfo_tesim":["The diaries appear to have been rebound, perhaps several times, and some volumes have sections in them that are not in chronological order. In some places the ink has faded to illegibility. In the fall of 2002 and 2003, Peggy Dillard and Ken Hinkle respectively created partial indices for the Smals diaries. The entries transcribed as part of these partial indices are included under each diary's scope and content note. ","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 2059 ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Henry Smals Papers, 1871-1891, consist of three boxes containing eighteen volumes of diaries written by Henry Smals of Bridgewater, Virginia. The topics of diary entries are brief outlining day-to-day activities. There are mentions of acquaintances that are ill, various business transactions conducted in town, the movement of livestock, and hay through town, ongoing town projects, church activities, marriages, births, deaths, and other details of town life. The activities of \"colored people\" are occasionally noted. Throughout the diaries, Smals made small drawings of people and animals and added illustrations clipped from newspapers. A folder, located in Box 3, contains printed copies of a partial index and a list of highlights for most volumes as well as an ad for \"Henry Smals, Fashionable Barber! Main Street, Bridgewater, Va.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 9, 1871: Rev. Holland preached.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 28, 1871: \"Negro procession burying a black man, 27 numbers.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 11, 1871: \"Ingenears [sic] at work from Harrisonburg to Bridgewater.\"  [sketch of surveyor's transit]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 17, 1871: \"Eingenears [sic] leveling the road through town.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOctober 10, 1871: [Described Chicago Fire giving damage figures and drew a sketch]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNovember 8, 1871: A man was fined.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 31, 1872: \"Charley Clark got his leg broke by the kick of a horse in the street near the Methodist Church.\" Rev. Engel [J.J.Eagle] was preaching at Mossy Creek \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 22, 1872:\"Poor Peter Swisher, black, in  town from the Poor House \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 28, 1872: \"class as usual at Lutheran Church\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 4, 1872: Preaching by Rev. Whitscarver at 3pm \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 8, 1872: \"A Drove of cattle went through town today to West Virginia to graze.\" [sketch of cow skull] \"A Load of corn to Staunton.\" [ear of corn sketch][during this period time small pox [drew symbolic dots] was raging at Tenth Legion and there is reference ot Tobias Swartz making barrels [sketch of barrel]]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 27, 1872: \"A Cow ate up a pocket book for Harry Soule with $140 in the book.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 31, 1872: \"Negro riot at Mrs. Woodleys.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 1872: \"Glade as dry as we had seen in 40 years.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 23, 1872: \"No class today, our church is under repairs. Prayer meeting at Lutheran Church\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 13, 1872:  \"Black Peter and Black Tond [sp?] came here from the Poor House for a Quarterly meeting.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 14, 1872:  \"A great many Black persons at their meeting at the orchard of Mrs. Brown's. Sabbath Morning.  - \"Preaching by Reverend Engel [Eagle].  Rev. Whitescarver preached in the Methodist Church.  A very small congregation today.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 4, 1872: [Henry Smals birthday.]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 5, 1872: \"Some Scoundrels went in T. Hites watermelon lot and cut and stole all his watermelons.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 17, 1872:  \"2 droves of Fat Cattle went through our town today . . . Another drove of cattle and a drove of sheep.  Another drove of cattle.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 23, 1872: \"A camp meeting commence at Lacey Springs for the United Brethren in Christ.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 28, 1872:  \"A company of Gipseys went through our town.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 2, 1872:  \"Two droves of cattle went through our town.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 3, 1872: \"Greely Club meeting this evening.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 4, 1872: \"25 wells gone dry.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 5, 1872: \"load of crocks from Mt. Sidney.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 7, 1872:  \"Negro picnic at Mt. Solon today at 11 o'clock.\" [5 black heads drawn]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 14, 1872:  \"A drove of cattle very fat came through our town today. Reverend Perry killed 23 squirrels.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 21, 1872:  \"A drove of sheep from Hiland came through our town  . . . A drove of cattle went through our town.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 22, 1872: \"A large crowd  at the M. E. Church South.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 24, 1872:  \"Joseph Byrd and Squire Whitsearver gone to try a Negro.  He is a lunatick.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 28, 1872:  \"Negro picnic in the woods near the town.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOctober 4, 1872:  \"A blind Negro playing on harp for a living . . . A Negro show in our town this evening at 8 o'clock.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOctober 11, 1872:  \"2 beaves killed this evening in our town.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOctober 15, 1872:  \"A drove of sheep, a drove of cattle went through our town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNovember 8, 1872:  \"1 drove of cattle went through our town to Faquire County.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNovember 14, 1872:  \"Horse disease [Epizooty] made its appearance in our midst.  No fatal cases reported as yet.  Chicken cholera also prevailing.  The Devil has been at loose among the stock, poultry, etc.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNovember 25, 1872:  \"A large drove of cattle went through our town today.\"Dec. 11, 1872:  [Writes in German.]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 22, 1872:  \"Class at usual hour 9 o'clock, Sabbath School at 2 o'clock. Singing after class.  Also singing at 6 ½ o'clock, Closed singing a 8 o'clock.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 30, 1872:  \"Sinclair Lewis came to town this evening.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 31, 1872:  \"Mr. Mason, Superintendent of Poor House, in town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 7, 1873:  \"Black people all gone to the railroad from Bridgewater.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 8, 1873:  \"2 droves of cattle and 2 droves of sheep went through our town this evening. . .  The black presiding elder's name is Harst.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 9, 1873: \"Singing by Professor Wartman at 10 o'clock.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 10, 1873:  \"All the black boys from Bridgewater went to the railroad.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 26, 1873:  \"A drove of cattle and hogs went through out town today-up the country.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 27, 1873:  \"All the colored people gone to the railroad.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 22, 1873 : \"There are 11 preachers in town.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 27, 1873: \"Baptism by Immersion in the River near the Bridge.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 12, 1873:  \"A drove of cattle went through our town to the mountains.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 15, 1873:  \"A drove of cattle gone through our town to the mountains.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 18, 1873: \"Hattie Dinkel and Frank Perry baptized.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 28, 1873:  \"Shifflet killed a black man dead in his tracks on the railroad between Sangersville and Harrisonburg.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune-August, 1873:[A lot of talk about many people being in town looking for work on the railroad and how much work was being done; a lot of railroad business.]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 22, 1873: \"Preaching by Reverend Nihiser.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 27, 1873: [District Conference commenced in Mt. Crawford.]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 31 1873,-  \"Preaching at M.E.C.S by Reverend Waugh.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 6, 1873:  \"Negroes have a Sabbath school picnic this evening.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 20, 1873:  \"1 Drove of fat cattle gone through our town.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOctober 1, 1873:  \"Wages on the NGR Road is cut down to $1.25 per day and board themselves.  Negroes would not work for that price.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOctober 2, 1873:  \"A great stampede with the Negroes striking for higher wages or work on the whole line on the Narrow Gauge RR.  A great many Negroes gone to Staunton.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOctober 3, 1873:  \"A great many Negroes in town today looking for work.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOctober 5, 1873 - Reverend Weddell was to preach in Temperance Hall.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNovember 1, 1873:  \"A large drove of cattle came through our town.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNovember 15, 1873:  \"Negro Fair today at their schoolhouse on the bank of the river.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNovember 24, 1873:  \"Joseph Williams shot a negroman a convict from the penitentiary but did not kill him.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 12, 1873: \"Dr. McMarren came to our town to open a drug store.\" [mortar and pestle sketch]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 16, 1873:  \"Finished work on the Broad Gauge RR this evening.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 28, 1873: \" Preaching by a Northern Methodist.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 29, 1873:  \"A Negro frolick in our town tonight in the Odd fellows Hall lower room.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 1, 1874: \"John Allemong and Mack Aden leased the Band Mill of  George Berlin for 3 years.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 3, 1874:  \"A drove of cattle went through our town today.  2 droves more cattle went through our town.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 4, 1874:  \"Preaching at Brethren Church by Rev Nihiser.  Prayer  mtg. 6 ½  o'clock in M. E. C. S.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 11, 1874:  Sabbath morning   clear cool   class at the usual hour of 9 oclock   Preaching by Rev. Mr. Engel [Eagle]  Sabbath School at 2 oclock   Preaching by Rev. Whitescarver [Baptist?]   Also Rev Mr. Weddell at 3 ½ oclock  Rev Mr. Stuart preached at M. E. C. S. at 6 ½ oclock\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 17, 1874:  \"A drove of very fat cattle went through our town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 1, 1874:  \"Singing by Professor Bucher at 11 o'clock.  Black Liz had a child and carried it to the stable, child had a bunch of straw crammed in its mouth, found dead.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 13, 1874:  \"A drove of cattle came through our town.  1 drove of hogs went through our town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 17, 1874:  \"A large drove of cattle went through our town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 22, 1874: \"Sabbath Morning.  Class at the usual hour at 9 o'clock.  Preaching by Rev. Mr. Engel [Eagle].  Sabbath School at 2 o'clock.  Preaching at 3 ½ o'clock by Rev. Mr. Whitscarver.   Prayer meeting at the usual hour 6 ½ o'clock.  Very warm  mercury up to 82 degrees.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 26, 1874: Two houses and lots were sold in Bridgewater for $375 each.  [Smals always drew a house when one was sold and when people moved to another house].\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 8, 1874: \"The old Methodist Church in Mt. Crawford Blown Down by wind today.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 13, 1874: \"Rev Engel [Eagle] came home from Conference this morning.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 11, 1874:  \"A drove of cattle gone through our town to the mountains. Lovefeast at 9 o'clock.  Preaching at 11 by John H. Marten.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 18, 1874:  \"Charley Hottle and Jack Higgins were arrested for stealing a large iron pot of Davie Danner and put in the calaboose for 3 hours and there whipped on the bare back, Charley 8 lashes and Jack 4.\"  [Doesn't say if these two were black or white.]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 4, 1874:  \"This is Pention [sic] Day for the soldiers of the war.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 9, 1874:  \"A great many persons in our town today for flowers for the soldiers graves.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 10, 1874:  \"This is Memorial Day in Harrisonburg of Confederate Soldiers graves.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 16, 1874:  \"A Negro strike on the Railroad today.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 18, 1874:  \"President of NGRR and chief engineer in town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 25, 1874:  \"Quarterly meeting commenced today by the Colored People in Bridgewater.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 25, 1874: \"The Normal Professors and Scholars gone on the Round Hill, a pleasure trip.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 15, 1874: \"Professors and Boys had a fine game of Bass Ball this afternoon.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOctober 2, 1874:  \"Colonel Osburn gone home and I suppose that is the end of the Broad Gauge RR.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNovember 2, 1874: \"Adam Rader butchering today.\" [Adam Rader was the first mayor of Bridgewater, Virginia and organized the first Methodist church in that town in 1841.  He is commemorated in a stained glass window in the Bridgewater United Methodist Church].\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 4, 1874:  \"This is Pention [sic] Day of the Soldiers of the War.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 13, 1874: \"Rev Haines buried in Port Republic. Requested that all people who had heard him preach come to see him buried.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 28, 1874:  \"Negro frolick in our town tonight.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 1, 1875: \"The Sivil [sic] Rights Bill passed both houses.  Nigger can look to have his head broke.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 28, 1875: \"Dick Rogers killed 1 loon and 1 Night Heron.\" [accurate sketches of both birds]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 24, 1875:  \"A panther attacked one of Wises boys this morning on Wises.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 24, 1875:  \"A panther attacked one of Wises boys this morning on Wises.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 9, 1875:  \"A Negro hung near Harrisonburg for insulting a white woman today without judge or jury.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 13, 1875: \"Methodist Camp Meeting commence today above Mt. Sidney.  Rev. Mauzey [Mausee] gone to attend this meeting.  Also a camp meeting near Lacey Springs commence to day held by United Brethren.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 24, 1875:  \"A parsel of Negroes were blowed up on the Railroad in a cut near the Darah Coal mines.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 25, 1875:  \"Severell droves of cattle, hogs and  sheep went through our town today to market.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOctober 15, 1875: [Sketch of a steam sawmill.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 2, 1876: Sabbath Morning.  \"A blind man by the name of Johnson addressed the Sunday School and children.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 10, 1876: \"A large supper and surprise party given at Rev. Mauzeys [Mausee], about 50 in number.\"    \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 21, 1876: \"Monday morning cloudy and rain.  This is Court Day.  A great many persons in town to day.  A great many drunk.  The Mite Society met at the Parsonage at 7 o'clock. Collected 6 dollars and some cents.  Miss Player was indited before the grand jury for killing her child by sticking scissors in its neck, seven holes.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 6, 1876:  \"Great Disaster happened at the Narrow pass. Bridge broken, cars went down and killed 11 and wounded all of the crew and killed 96 cattle and tore everything to pieces.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 11, 1876:  \"A Sons of Purity had a procession and fair today in Town Hall. A great many black folks present. They realized about $45 for their society.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 20, 1876:  \"Black Amos gone to Montrey with his wagon with provisions for convicts.\"   [Many entries about people taking provisions to convicts.]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 20, 1876:  \"Black Peter died at the Poor House.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 3, 1876:  \"Black Charley Teter got drunk and Mr. Simpson struck him in the mouth and Charley was put in the calaboose.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 10, 1876:  \"Black folks have Picnick at Mt. Sidney today.  The band is gone up to Sidney.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 18, 1876: Sabbath Morning.   \"…the M. E. Church received a new library today, 125 volumes of good literature.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 12, 1876: \"Old Miller Campbell drown in a barrel of water in Daton this morning.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 21, 1876: \"Jedediah Hotchkiss of Staunton lectures geography of Virginia today at two o'clock.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 31, 1876:  \"Convicts came off the road and gone near Rawley Springs to get out Railroad ties.\"  [Convicts now working on the RR, not blacks]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 19, 1876: \"Adam Rader came to town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOctober 1, 1876: Sabbath -[Henry Smals attended Quarterly meeting at Naked Creek.]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOctober 24, 1876: \"4 droves of cattle came through our town.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNovember 5, 1876: Sabbath-\"John Allemong very sick\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNovember 6, 1876: \"John Allemong still sick.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNovember 7, 1876:  Declares Tilden and Hendricks as elected President and VP of the country\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 4, 1877: Sunday -  \"The colored Quarterly Meeting closed this evening about 9 o'clock.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 5 1877:  \"A black man the name of R. Coffman went to John Hatfields and choked John's wife and hurt her face and arm, and went in pursuit of him and caught him at James Davis and brought him to Mr. Byrds and Mr. Byrd sent him to jail for further trial.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 16, 1877:  \"Negroes have a dance in the lower room in Odfellow Hall tonight.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 5, 1877:  Notes inauguration day but doesn't mention names.  Perhaps he's disappointed his candidates didn't win after all.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 16, 1877: [Smals mentions Pastors Graechen and Kinzer who were both new ministers at the M. E. Church on the Bridgewater Circuit.]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 19, 1877:  \"The trial of the black man comes off today for an attempt of rape, was condemned to the penitentiary for 10 years.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 2, 1875:  \"S. Coffman was arrested for assault and battery.\" [a black man].\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 1, 1877: \"Preaching at M. E. Church by Rev. Kinzer.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 23, 1877:  \"Mr. Shifflett condemned to be hung by the neck till he is dead dead dead\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 25, 1877:  Shiffletts hanging to be done June 29.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 12, 1877:\"a new engine went through our town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 23, 1877: \"The Masons had a picknick below the bridge today.  All the Masons in town were present.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 24, 1877: Sabbath morning: \"Preaching by Rev. Kinzer in M. E. Church.  Preaching in the Brethren Church at 8 o'clock in the evening.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 29, 1877:  Hanging put off for further trial.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 4, 1877:  \"This is Independence Day, great parade in Harrisonburg about 5,000 persons present.  Fine day for a celebration in Harrisonburg.  Several speeches made in the courtyard.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 11, 1877:  \"Verdict brought in for Shifflett for murder in the first degree.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 19, 1877: Sunday: \"About 3,000 people at a Camp Meeting in Parnassus.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 24, 1877:  \"A picnic at Harrisonburg by the Negroes\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 25, 1877:  A white picnic at Mt. Crawford.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 1, 1877:  \"The [traveling] Centennial closed tonight for the White People.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 2, 1877: \"Preaching in M. E. Church by Rev. Graechen.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 3, 1877:  \"Today Centennial opened for the Colored People.  A good crowd present.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 5, 1877:  \"Several drove of cattle came through our town.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 9, 1877: \"Preaching by Rev. Mausey [Mausee].\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWednesday, September 12, 1877: \"Rev. Roe preached in M. E. Church tonight on object of Bibles.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 23, 1877: \"I [Smals] delivered an address to the Sunday School Prayer Meeting tonight.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 25, 1877:  \"Mr. Shiflett was hung in Harrisonburg today about 1 o'clock.\"  [Sketch of a hangman's noose and gallows drawn]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 3, 1877:  \"Some fine stock went through our town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNovember 11, 1877:  \"Boat was built to cross the river; big rope extended to both sides.\" [draws picture of rope and boat crossing the river.]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNovember 14, 1877: Preaching by Rev. Graechen.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNovember 27, 1877: \"…Jenkins nephew making boats to cross river.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 8, 1877: \"A boat sank today with a load of wood on the wagon belonging to Daniel Evans, supposed to weigh 6 tons.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 14, 1877:  \"Commenced the bridge.\" [drew a picture of a stone bridge].\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 17, 1877: \"Uncle Adam Rader paralyzed today.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 18, 1877: Jacob Dinkel died [brother in law of Smals].\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 25, 1877:  \"Colored band has gone to Harrisonburg.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 26, 1877:  White band invited to play at a party.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 1878: [ Work continues on the bridge.]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 22, 1878: \"Business very dull.  John Allemong put his calico down to 5 cents per yard.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 26, 1878: \"Boys killed a red fox on Round Hill today.  Shot by John Keaton.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 31, 1878: \"John Smith and Right Hartman had a fight today in the confectionaire [sic].\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 1, 1878: Rev. Graechen came to town.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 7, 1878: \"Samuel S. Miller cut his hand in my shop.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 9, 1878: \"The Dunkards made arrangements to build a church out at the woods.  Layed off the ground today.  Joe Summerlance and Tailor Sheetz had a fight at the bridge today.  Paid a fine of dollar apiece by decision of the Mayor.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 13, 1878:  [Smals took sick for 2 weeks; no entries.]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 6, 1878:\"Our annual Conference goes in session today in the City of Baltimore. Business looking up now.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 7, 1878:  \"Black woman linched [sic] and hung for burning a barn.\" [drew picture of gallows]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 19, 1878: \"Great Elocution in M. E. Church to night by Rev. Ross.  A failure. Ross sick.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 22, 1878:  \"Henry Smals fell in the river today.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 28, 1878:  \"Trussels finished on the bridge.\"  [Children and ladies crossed first]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 9, 1878:  [Bridgewater Enterprise, first paper printed in Bridgewater; J.H. Smals bought the first paper off the press.]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 12, 1878:  \"Bridge finished; first wagon and cart driven over.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 30, 1878:  [Notes Dr. doing \"obstetricks\" [sic];  316 cases; lost only 1 mother.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 18, 1878:  \"Colored People have their first Quarterly meeting in this town.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 20, 1878:  \"Commenced putting on shingles on Bridge roof today.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 21, 1878:  \"Black Jack Higgins and Black Sam Williams had a fight on the road.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 31, 1878: \"Peter Miller started to Baltimore to purchase stock for his factory.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 3, 1878: \"John Hatfield and Gallice Miller finished the bridge today.  Gallice Miller drove the last nail.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 5, 1878:  \"Commenced painting the bridge. . . . Bridge finished today.\" [Sketch of the finished bridge]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 10, 1878: \"Presbyterians organized their church today.  Rev. Price preached in the Lutheran Church.\"  \"Spits of snow with 3 ½ inches on Mountain.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 14, 1878:  \"Great decoration of soldier's graves; amount of persons present about 12,000; a good many went from Bridgewater.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 20, 1878: \"Perry Meace crossed the Bridge with a steam boiler weighing 9200 pounds.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 22, 1878:  \"2 Beef Wagons in town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 23, 1878:  \"Preaching in M. E. Church today by Reverend Kinzer.  Mr. Kiracofe married to Miss McWilliams.  Some of the Negroes had a fuss in their church.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 28, 1878:  \"2 hundred pounds of butter came to town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 29, 1878:  \"A great deal of butter came to town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 4, 1878:  \"This is Independence Day.  A fourth of July Celebration held at Edinburg today.  A good many persons gone to the celebration at Edinburg from this town.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 6, 1878:  \"A big trial with the niggers for misdemeanor at their church.  Jane Bookers, Nels Lee and Addel Johnston were fined 50 cents each and cast and bound over the peace for 12 months.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 19, 1878:  \"Picnic by the colored people at their schoolhouse tonight also tomorrow night.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 21, 1878: Preaching by Rev. Daniel [David] Bush at Church.  \"Meeting at M. E. Church to pass a Resolution to have a festival on the 9 and 10 of August for the benefit of the M. E. Church.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 25, 1878: \"Editor Delaney is taking the origin of our town from year 1826.\"  [This was apparently a history of Bridgewater].\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 27, 1878: Rev. Rosenbough at M. E. Church.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 1, 1878:  \"A picnic of the Colored people at Coonrods Store today.  Our Colored Band went to play for them.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 3, 1878: Iron safe weighing 5110 pounds installed in Bank of Bridgewater. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 4, 1878: [Smals birthday.  Preaching by Rev. Graechen in M. E. Church.]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 9, 1878: Camp Meetings at Parnassus and Fort Defiance.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSunday, August 11, 1878: \"No class today in consequence of church being out of order.\" [Repairs?]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 20, 1878: Frank Miller got 15 years in penitentiary for stealing horses.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 25, 1878: Meeting at the new Dunkard Church.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 28, 1878: \"Dr. Brown got his printing press.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 30, 1878:  \"Colored People's Camp Meeting commenced tonight near George Kerekoff's, on his land.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 6, 1878:  \"A Colored man preached tonight at camp meeting near our town.\"  [The meeting closed on the 8th.]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 20, 1878:  \"Great parade with the Negroes in Harrisonburg celebrating their freedom.\" [drew 4 black heads]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOctober 24, 1878: \"Rod and balls for church put on.\" [The legibility is unclear for this entry but from the accompanying sketch, it appears a lighting rod was installed on the church].\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOctober 27, 1878: Rev. Green preached in M. E. Church.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNovember 3, 1878: Rev. Rosebough preached in M. E. Church.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 1, 1878: Rev. Hat preached in M. E. Church.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 25, 1878:  \"Colored had a fair in Town Hall.  Realized $8.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 16, 1879:  \"Black Nels Lee got married to Black Allard.  Rev. Mauzy married them.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 23, 1879:  \"Nels Lee moved into the house at the end of the Plank Walk.  Colored people working on their church.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 15, 1879: Rev. Grachen preaching.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 17, 1879: \"A Grand Supper gave by the Band of Bridgewater.  Cornet Band to night.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 20, 1879: \"Charles Furry's wife had twins to night.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 28, 1879: \"Mr. McClouds House burnt up about 11 o'clock to night.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 1, 1879: \"A fine Revival going on in Harrisonburg. About 76 conversions up to this date.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 5, 1879: \"Our Annual Conference goes in session at Salem, Roanoke County.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 6, 1879:  \"Commenced work again on the African church in rear of our church. George White bought 5 hogs of Mrs. Ward for $20.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 8, 1879: Four day conference.  [likely M. E. Church]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 12, 1879: Eight day conference adjourned.  Brother Kinzer returns to our Sircuit [sic] and Rev Holcomb [Homan?] moved to Jesse Frys house in our town.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 14, 1879:  \"Negro Exhibition at old Town Hall tonight.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 19, 1879: \"Dr. Brown moved his drug store to Armstrongs store room and also the printing press upstairs in Browns Store.  Samuel Miller upset his buggy and broke the top off it.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 22, 1879: \"Lute Swartz killed a Sandhill Crane this morning.\" [sketch of crane]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 30, 1879: \"Quarterly meeting going on at Crawford.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 13, 1879: \"Preaching by Kummingham [R. S Cunningham] at M. E. Church.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 14, 1879: Henry Smals got sick on his way to Richmond Odd Fellows Conference.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 29, 1879: \"A. Hollins brought a load of agricultural implements to the Old Town Hall.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 10, 1879:  \"Quarterly meeting with the colored people today.  Presiding elder present.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 29, 1879: \"Peter Miller's stable burnt down.  Supposed to have caught from the engine of Mr. Sheetz.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 9, 1879:  \"This is Memorial Day at Staunton to decorate the soldiers graves.  A good many persons gone from Bridgewater.\" [June 6-at Winchester-Memorial of the Dead-estimates 25,000 present]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThursday, June 12, 1879: \"This is the day the Lawn Festival commences in church yard at M. E. Church.  No festival on account of rain.\" [sketch]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 23, 1879: \"Willie Bradburn got his arms in the carding machine, tore off the flesh of half the arm.\" [Smals always drew a sketch of injured arms and legs]  \"about 2500 black bass put in the dam above the woolen factory.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 27, 1879: \"A great many cherries in our town to day at from 11 to 20 cents per gallon.  Mr. Mefall got his buggy and harness broken near Allemongs by hoisting an umbrella, horse got frightened.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 4, 1879: \"Day of Celebration in Harrisonburg, about 15,000 people present, 6 bands and 6 military companies, a powerful turnout.  98 degrees for 3 hours and one hour 100 degrees, awful dust.  It was supposed that $10,000 dollars was left in Harrisonburg today.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 13, 1879: Rev. Rosbrown [?] preached.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 21, 1879:  \"J.H. Smals at court, made 2 indictments on assault and battery, the other a rape on a small Negro child.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 15, 1879:  \"Rev. Boothe, Colored preacher, in United Brethren Church tonight.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 25, 1879: \"Oliver L. Rhodes made me a present of a fine hat this shape.\"  [sketch of the hat].\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 31, 1879:  \"Also dedication by the colored people of their church in our town.  Realized $72. Their presiding elder present. Had good order.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 1, 1879: Rev. Cunningham had gone to District Conference at \"Wainsborough.\"  [Waynesboro]. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 4, 1879:  \"The first issue of the Bridgewater Journal out.\"\t\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 5, 1879: First issue of the Bridgewater Journal published.  [sketch]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 6, 1879: Dr. Brown had gone to Rawley Springs to bottle water.   \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 14, 1879: Rev Kemper preached in PM.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 22, 1879:  \"This is Mansipation [sic] Day for the Negroes.\"  [Writes this in big letters and draws four black heads.]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOctober 2, 1879:  \"A blind black man sung in the African church this evening.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOctober 13, 1879:  \"Cars ran off the track and smashed 11 cars all to pieces, hurt a good many.\" [Smals does not tell where this happened]. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 28, 1879:  \"The winter meeting in the M. E. S. Church still in progress.  Herschel Young professed religion tonight\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOctober 29, 1879:  \"547 cattle passed through town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNovember 1879-January 1880:  Mentions a lot of religious meetings and conversions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNovember 2, 1879: \"56 for church service.  Protracted meeting still going on in M. E. Church.\"  [This revival continued for the first week or two of November] \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNovember 6, 1879:  \"Mr. Sheetz plank mill burnt down with 7,000 feet of lumber.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNovember 8, 1879: \"Several drummers in town today selling goods.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNovember 9, 1879: \"Wofered Vancant struck Joe William with a club at our church door.\"  [sketch of club with word club written on it]  \"John Myers was converted to night about 9 o'clock.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNovember 11, 1879: \"Moffett Miller, Dr. Bucher and Thrush Sellers were all converted.\" [Moffett Miller is commemorated in a stained glass window in Bridgewater United Methodist Church].\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNovember 21, 1879: \"I  H. Smals heard a great noise to night in the skyes about 12 o'clock. The Noise was as Distant Thunder.\"  [He noted that the temperature was 8 degrees the next morning.]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 8, 1879: \"Miss Rosenbaum came to our town to teach music on the piano from Staunton.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 13, 1879:  \"The Tunkard Brethren had quite a revival.  15 were baptized by immersion.  Old man Marshall killed a 568 ¼ pound hog.\"  [Sketch of hog, Smals always reported who all was butchering this time of year]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 24, 1879: \"Christmas tree in the M.E. Church.  A large attendance on the occasion.  In Shiffletts Hollow, Shifflett killed his brother Shifflett.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eChristmas Day: \"a ladder at the Methodist Church with presents for the children.\"[This must have been a structure erected for the children's presents].\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 30, 1879:  \"Lutherans locked the Baptist out of their church this evening.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 1, 1880:  \"Rev. Grennan preached in the Dunkard Church on the subject of baptism by immersion-3 times face down.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 13, 1880: \"Miss Mulley Robinson gone home to Harrisonburg with mail wagon.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 18, 1880: \"Preaching at 11 o'clock by Dr. John S. Martin in the M. E. Church.  Quarterly meeting.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 20, 1880:  \"John Allemong elected president of our Narrow Gauge Rail Road.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 21, 1880: \"A cave discovered on Blosser's Farm by Bud Peterson close to Pike about 2 ½ miles this side of Harrisonburg.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 22, 1880: \"The U. B. trustees sold the church to the Baptists for $400.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 24, 1880: \"Some scoundrel stopped my shop chimney up and smoked me powerful.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 28, 1880: \"One hundred cases of smallpox at Culpeper.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 3, 1880: \"The organ for the M. E. Church came this evening.\" [sketch]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 9, 1880: \"Campbell killed Smith at the Warm Springs today.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 11, 1880: Rev. Grachen preached at M. E. Church.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 23, 1880: Big fire in Bridgewater.  Destroyed Mr. Byrd's House and stable and burned the houses and out buildings of Mrs. Covington and Mrs. Arey.  $10,000 loss.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 2, 1880:  \"The chimneys of the burnt houses were thrown down today.  M. E. Church broken into and the organ injured.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 3, 1880: \"The Baltimore Conference met this morning at Front Royal, Warren County.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 4, 1880: \"Wild geese over river today near bridge.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 5, 1880:  \"Mr. Ehrman the Beef man in town today settling with his customers.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 6, 1880:  \"A man here today measured 6'7\" high.  He was a monster.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 22, 1880:  \"John Hatfield puts a roof on Mrs. Covington's dairy.  Commenced this morning for $5.  High winds-could hardly stay on the building.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 31, 1880:  \"The negroes had a fight at Lowman's stable last night.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 2, 1880:  \"A great negro trial at our courthouse.  About 90 persons present.  Jos. Higgins and John Bundy paid a fine of $3.90 each for fighting at the corporation [of Bridgewater.]\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 28, 1880: \"George Dinkel and A. H. Smals commence making brick back of the school house.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 6, 1880: \"George Jenkins wife had a child cut from her womb and saved the woman.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 17, 1880:  \"Old Black Aunt Dasha died this evening about 10:00 at Miss May Areys.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 23, 1880: Preaching by Rev. King.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 3, 1880:  \"Mr. Jacobs wife and others gone to Harrisonburg to see the decorations of the soldiers graves.  A very small crowd present.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 5, 1880:  \"A great Memorial Day at Winchester.  A great many persons present.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 10, 1880:  \"A lawn party at Harrisonburg by the Colored People and the Colored Band attended the party.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 14, 1880: \"Allemong gone to Staunton to close of female school of the M. E. C. South.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 17, 1880: \"Mrs. Goldsmith buried to day in our grave yard and Brother Cunningham preached text Revelation.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 19, 1880:  \"Colored Band went to Newmarket to the Cave.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 2, 1880:  \"The colored people had a festival tonight at their church. Realized $7.30.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 3, 1880: \"Hopewell was elected Sargent [sic] for the Corporation Bridgewater colored people.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 3, 1880:  \"Colored people had another festival. Realized $10.18.\" [White lawn parties Smals mentions raise anywhere from $40-$70].\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 6, 1880: Smith stole George Milstead's watch and about ten dollars in money. [He got it back in the next day or so].[Smals records that Bridgewater had a population of 400 people in July 1880]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 8, 1880:  \"The amount of population of the encorporation of Bridgewater is 400 white and colored.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 20, 1880: \"T. P. Humphreys gone to Sunday School Convention at Valley Grove between Baltimore and Washington City.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 30, 1880:  \"The Sons of Purity [colored] have a great parade today in Harrisonburg.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 31, 1880:  \"The colored band gone to Pleasant Valley to a picnic.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 6, 1880:  \"Rev Bush and Rev. Wolfe came down the street in a Rockaway and spindle broke and one jumped out the other fell out of the Rockaway and neither got hurt.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 9, 1880:  \"Henry Hocks and T. Sheets had a fight.  Sheets struck H. Hocks with a piece of iron.  It is supposed that Hocks was in fault.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 21, 1880:  \"A good many cattle and sheep gone through our town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 22, 1880: Sabbath: \"Preaching by the Tunkards at the far end of town.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 3, 1880:  \"A big watermelon trial between Joseph Nisewander and the Kerecoofs.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 25, 1880:  \"The negroes had a picnic at Mt. Solon today.  The Nigger Band played for them.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 30, 1880:  \"Colored People Village Camp commenced this evening in this place.  A negro show at the River schoolhouse.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOctober 1, 1880: \"Old Uncle Adam Rader has come over to our town at the age of 90 years old.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOctpber 19, 1880: \"A big show in Harrisonburg today, a great many persons present.  Some drunk and some sober.\" [sketch of circus tent]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNovember 11, 1880:  \"Peter Miller gone to West Va. on a preaching ture [sic] today.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNovember 29, 1880: \"I  H. Smals killed my hog today.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 1, 1880: \"Some scoundrel cut the guts of Charley Teters horse this morning.  Mat Barber was arrested for gutting the horse, his trial comes off next Saturday in this place.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 4, 1880: Mat Barber trial commence in old Town Hall. [Smals implies that others were implemented, but the trial outcome is not clear]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 24, 1880: \"Coldest weather I ever felt or saw.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 31, 1880:  \"25 degrees below zero.   Frank Erwin and Dewit Brown froze their ears stiff.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[A note in the back of this book says 32 snows fell in the winter of 1880-81].\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 3, 1881:  \"8 degrees below zero, wood getting very scarce.  E. B. Simpson went to Harrisonburg today with snow shoes, they are about six feet long and six inches wide.  Oh this is fearful weather, a great deal of slaying going on.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 6, 1881: \"Professor Geason gave a Grand Free Exhibition of Scientific Horsemanship today and commenced a class with 20 or more pupils at $2.00 per pupil.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 21, 1881: \"the horse tamer is in our town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 6, 1881:  \"Niggers had a fight in African Church tonight.\" [Drew 3 black heads]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 7, 1881: \"I H. Smals made a pair of boots for a Mr. Stokes that he wore for 25 years, please beat that.  There were 26 persons at the young mens prayer meeting in M.E.C. to night.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 12, 1881:  Sam Williams was fined $10 and bound over the Peace for 12 months. Jos. Williams the same and Oliver Failer was fined $5 and bound over for 12 months for fighting in the African Church last Sunday in Bridgewater, VA.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 17, 1881:  \"Allemony's Cattle Sale today.  His yearlings sold at $16 per head.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 2, 1881: Stuart Lindsey lead union prayer meeting in M. E. Church at 5 o'clock. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 6, 1881: \"Mr. McNeal came to our town to see his sweet [sketch of heart] and I tell you she is very Handsome.  he lives in Hardy County.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 7, 1881: \"Engineers and Simpson gone on the route of the railroad.\"  [sketch of surveyor's level]  Rev. Mr. Whisner came to Marg Areys.  A good many preachers went through our town to Harrisonburg to Conference.\"  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 27, 1881: Rev. Bush had his first sermon in M. E. Church.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 28, 1881:  \"Joseph Williams taken to jail by Hopewell for fighting in Methodist Church, Colored.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 29, 1881: \"Joseph Williams taken to jail for fighting in Methodist Church, colored.  The Engineers Simpson and Bell came home from their Byrds Eye Survey.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 1, 1881: Preaching at M. E. Church by Rev. Deans.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 14, 1881: \"F. K. Speck went after Uncle Adam Rader who died on the 7 of the present month at Culpeper County near Brandy Station.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 16, 1881: \"Uncle Adam Rader has been brought to this town to be buried in our grave yard this evening.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 23, 1881:  Jesse Fry shot Dr. Jones cow in his wheatfield with small shot.\"\t\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 5, 1881: \"Adam Smals commence the brick church at Mossy Creek today with 6 hands.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 7, 1881:  Colored people's 1st Quarterly meeting held in this place.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 8, 1881: \"Preaching by Rev. Price in M. E. Church at 7 ½   oclock.  Mrs. Stickler lost 2 $5 Dollar Notes some where between the M.E. Church and home.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 24, 1881: \"This is the most powerful year for Locus Blooms I ever saw.  I hope will get a good corncrop.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 15, 1881:  Mr. Wm. S. Perry sold a calf 10 days old for $5.75 to Frank and Will Ervin.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 21, 1881: \"Thrush Sellers finished Mrs. Covington's fence today at $8.00.\"  [sketch of  iron fence]  \"He finished a lattice fence the next day.\" [sketch of lattice fence]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 1, 1881: \"John Carpenter Brought an Engine Thresher to Bridgewater.  Daily mail commences between Bridgewater and Stribling Springs.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 2, 1881: \"Quarterly meeting commences this morning at Sangerville.  Presiding elder is I. S. Martin.  President Garfield was Shot in the City of Washington, District of Columbia.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 8, 1881:  \"A Colored Festival in Mt. Sidney today and night.  Realized $50.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 13, 1881: \"Dr. Brown tapped Mrs. Showalter near Mt. Solon, 10 pints of water from her abdomen.\"  [Dr. Brown was often noted being present at births].\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 18, 1881: \"Dr. Brown had the first Roastnears in our town.\"  [sketched ear of corn] \"GrandMaster Crowder from Staunton will be with us in our lodge tonight as Odfellows.\"  [Belongs to Ancient Odfellows of Bridgewater Lodge.  Frequently writes in some kind of \"lodge code\"]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 21, 1881:  \"The Negro Band gone 4 miles above Staunton today to a lawn party.  They get $10 for the trip.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 24, 1881:  \"Mr. Looses, Mr. Hartman's, Mr. Minoss, and Mr. Allemony's cows died from eating molasses cane today.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 26, 1881:  \"John Allemony's other cow is very sick.  A Negro shot himself near Mt. Solon today with a pistol accidental.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 29, 1881:  \"The Colored People have a Lawn Party in our Odfellow Hall tonight and tomorrow night.\"  [Aug. 10 and 11-White lawn party held on school grounds]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 20, 1881: \"Cora Crickenberger cut her throat and stabbed her self in the head two or three times.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 23, 1881: \"This day District Conference commence 2 oclock in M. E. Church.  Preachers present.  Conference organized at 3 oclock this evening, John S. Martin in the chair, a good many preachers present and a large Lay Delegation Present.  Preaching at 8 oclock this evening by  Rev. A Weller.  Conference lasted all week.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 29, 1881: \"all the preachers gone home today.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 2, 1881: \"Mrs. B. Kyles lamp exploded this evening but did not hurt any one.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 4, 1881: Rev. Tailor had prayer meeting at M. E. Church.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 9, 1881:  \"A Lawn Festival held in M. E. Church lot to night, Realised about $25.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 10, 1881:  \"Festival Lawn Party tonight in churchyard.  Colored People have a picknick [sic] today at their church.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 20, 1881:  \"Shef Lewis and Wise fought a duel today.  Neither of them hurt.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 22, 1881: \"Henry Smals I appoint you as Stuart for the Corporation of Bridgewater Council given under my hand for the sum of two Dollars for Services Commencing on the first of July 1881 and Closing July 1, 1882.\" _ M. Stickler, Mayor\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 24, 1881:  \"A Lawn Party at Mt. Solon by the colored people.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 25, 1881: Rev. Hildebrand preached at M. E. Church.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOctober 1, 1881:  \"Colored band gone out to play for a picknick near Pleasant Valley in Rockingham County.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOctober 5, 1881:  \"James Clary open his Degarian [?] Saloon at Robert Funks.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOctober 6-7, 1881:  \"Colored at Allemony's this evening at 8:00. . . .Colored meeting still going on in this town.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 13, 1881: \"Mrs. Arey came home today. Sabbath morning class at the usual hour 9 oclock, Sabbath school at 2 ½  oclock.  Prayer meeting at M. E. Church 7 oclock.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNovember 18, 1881: \"Clear and Warm. A Great Republican procession in Harrisonburg to night, Governor Walker came to our town.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNovember 19, 1881:  \"Rev Perrys children all have the Hooping Cough.  Some of them very poorly tonight.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNovember 20, 1881: \"Preaching at 11 oclock by Rev Hildebrand.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNovember 21, 1881: Court Day.   \"Professor Steel commence his Wrighting School today.\"  [sketch of quill] \"N. Marion Miller gone to Het Smals to do sowing for them.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNovember 22, 1881: Cloudy and cool.  \"Stuart Lindsay has gone to Monterey to see his sick wife.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNovember 27, 1881: \"No preaching in town today.  Mrs. J Lindsey and T Lindsey came from Monterey this evening.  Stuart Lindseys wife some better.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 1, 1881: \"Dr. T. H. Brown gone to Moorefield Hardy County to see his daughter Verdie Mcneal [McNeil]…  Mr. Jos Byrd move to his new house today.\"  [sketch of 2 story house with 2 chimneys, Smals sketches of houses that people bought and sold often show details which were probably characteristic to the particular house] \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 4, 1881: Preaching at 11 o'clock by Rev. Bush.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 6, 1881: \"Stuart Lindseys wife some better.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 10, 1881: \"P. Miller gone to Broadway to see about the schoolhouse to be built here or at Broadway.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 11, 1881: \"No preaching in town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 12, 1881: \"Cloudy and threaten for snow cold weather.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 14, 1881: \"Snowed through the night one inch in depth.\" [drew a one inch purple line]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 16, 1881: \"Stuart Lindsey and wife came home from her Father's at Monterey, She is right peart.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 25, 1881: Sabbath morning clear and cold this is Christmas Day. Prayer Meeting at 5 oclock, Class meeting at 9 oclock , No preaching at 11 oclock, Sabbath school at 2 oclock, Preaching at 6 ½  oclock by Rev D. Bush.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 26, 1881: \"Professor Hull commenced his singing school today.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 27, 1881: \"Peter Miller is receiving contribution of the German Baptist Formal School to be established at this place.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 28, 1881: Clear and warm.  \"the Baptist members are moving their church back 6 feet today. D. John Allemong sick.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 4, 1882: \"John Allemong very sick.  Allemong has Nierulalgia of the Bowels.  8 inches of snow.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 5, 1882: \"Allemong no better.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 6, 1882: \"J.W. F. Allemong no better\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 10, 1882: \"Street Lamps made for the Corporation, they will be put in a short time.\"  [sketch of lamp]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 11, 1882: \"John W. F. Allemong some better.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 17, 1882: \"Allemong still improving, able to get up and be shaved.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 18, 1882: \"the Ladies are holding a Missionary metng this afternoon in M. E. Church at 3 ½ oclock.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 20, 1882: \"John W. F. Allemong improving very fast\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 24, 1882: \"Allemong has gotten well\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 27, 1882: Jury brought in a verdict, that Guitttoes [sic] committed Murder in first Degree for killing President Garfield.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 2, 1882:  \"groundhog day: He saw his shadow.\"  [Smals drew a sketch of a ground hog every year, but his drawings resembled a cat more than a ground hog]  \"Allemong hauling ice from Factory and Robert Wrights Ponds.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 10, 1882: \"Charley Schenk fell in the Creek\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 12, 1882: Preaching at 11 oclock by Rev. Hildebrand.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 15, 1882:  \"Miss Ryan buried in our graveyard today at 3 oclock   Funeral preached by Rev Hildebrand.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 17, 1882:  \"Oyster supper this evening for the Benefit of the M. E. Church, realized $21.50 Dollars.  John Allemong Enlarged his office to day.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 18, 1882:  \"Adjourned Quarterly meeting met in Allemong's Office today.  Oyster supper this evening for the Benefit of the M. E. Church.  Realized [?]  Dollars.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 19, 1882: \"Preaching by Rev Rosebrow in M. E. Church at 7 oclock.  Mrs. McNeil of Hardy County Dr. Browns Daughter had a son born today at Dr. Browns.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 21, 1882: \"Uncommon windy and Storm and uncommon muddy…  Rev. Kinzer came to our town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 22, 1882: \"Rev. Kinzer preached for us.  Click Miller, Ad Hollum, Walter Davis and John Allemong bought the wood factory and Foundrey for the sum of $9000 Dollars.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 25, 1882: \"A Great many Deprecations acted tonight by the Boys, Shooting, Cursing, Swearing and being Drunk.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 26, 1882: \"Preaching in M.E. Church by Rev Bush and Sacrament of the Lords Supper.  Hopewell shot a chicken for Salley Fitchew.  Laurence fired a pistol also on the Sabbath.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 2, 1882: \"Queen Victoria was shot and mist her.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 6, 1882: \"Preachers all fixing to go to Conference.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 8, 1882: \"Sheets sold his Hartman Lot and house to J. W. F. Allemong for the sum of $200 dollars.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 14, 1882: \"Stuart Lindseys wife very poorly.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 16, 1882:  \"Rev. Hildebrand came back from Conference today to our town.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 17, 1882: \"Joseph Attaffer died this morning at 1 oclock.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 18, 1882: \"Saturday morning cloudy sleet and Rain  Rained all day long,   Joseph Attaffer buried today.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 22, 1882: \"Dog bit Eugene Ervin in the hand this morning very badly.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 26, 1882: \"David Bush preached.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 2, 1882: Rev. Whitescarver preached.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 7, 1882: \"Widow John Arey died this morning.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 16, 1882: \"Preaching by Rev. Tailor at Barbees Office.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 17, 1882: \"Jacob Wynant's Horse Run off.  It went home and never Broke his Buggy.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 20, 1882: \"Joseph Beery Hung himself in his grainery this morning about 5 oclock on Linville Creek the cause not known. Jack Thuma killed a large loon.\"  [sketch]  [Smals wrote of at least four horse-runoff episodes during April].\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 24, 1882: \"Mrs. Stuart Lindsey Died at Jacob Lindseys House…\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 4, 1882: \"The smallest Baby Born to day in the world some where in the north, it weighed 8 ounces and was perfect child.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 5, 1882: \"The Mossy Creek folks settled with Allemong to day for the church.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 6, 1882: \"A waggon Run over G. Claude Smals to day and Did not Break any of his Limbs.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 11, 1882: \"The Presbyterian Church was dedicated to Day.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 18, 1882: \"A fish and meat house opened here to day.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 28, 1882: \"Rev. Armstrong preached the Dedicatory sermon for the Mt. Solon Church to day and Realized money enough to the pay the Deposit on the Church which was $300.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 6, 1882: \"Jack Dooms finished the Parsonage House today.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 15, 1882: \"Jack Dooms finished the Parsonage Stable today.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 18, 1882: Rev. Bush preached. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 19, 1882: \"Isac Marshall Bought a Cow of Mr. Brown for a price of $45.00   She is a full Jersey.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 24, 1882: \"11 Wagons went through town for Blackberries to Parnassus, 50 bushels to town\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 1, 1882: \"A new Barbershop by Barber and John Collbert commenced to day.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 8, 1882: \"I H. Smals had the pleasure of shaving Francis O'ferell the Colonels Brother from Minnesota, he came to our town to see his Mother.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 17, 1882: Commenced laying Brick on the Bank to day.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 9, 1882: \"Overseer of the Poor took Peachy Hoak to the Poorhouse to day\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 12, 1882: \"I H. Smals was Disfranchised as Sexton and P. Hartman was put in my place.\"\n[This undoubtedly pertains to the Methodist Church]. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 14, 1882: \"Scaffold at Bank fell and hurt 3.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 23, 1882: \"Meinars Jim Dog died to day.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOctober 2, 1882: \"the Great Comet made its appearance this morning in the East.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOctober 4, 1882: \"H. Dice sold a lot to Casper Earheart for $100, 1 ¼ acre.  Thrush Sellers Bilds Mrs. Williams a house for $600 on High Street.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOctober 22, 1882: Preaching by Rev. Hildebrand.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOctober 23, 1882: \"Humphreys Loose got his new engine this evening, it cost about $1200.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 25, 1882: \"Jack Higgins and Jack Jones were tried and convicted for stealing and sent to jail.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 26, 1882: \"A Christmas tree for benefit of the Sabbath School Children.  Speech from Rev. D. Bush.\"  [sketch of Christmas Arch]Jan 24: \"Old Brother John Altaffer Died in this Place this evening about 4 oclock at age of 84 ½  years old, he has been a Methodist for 65 year and over.\" [Commemorated in stained glass window in Bridgewater United Methodist Church.]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 26, 1883: Rev Bush preached Altaffer's funeral.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 6, 1883: \"Our young Preacher Waters came to town this evening from Maeraland [Maryland].\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 1, 1883:  \"Colored boy died of scarlet fever [age 16] and buried in colored graveyard.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 24, 1883: Dr. Folensher preached.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 25, 1883:  \"A great many persons harvesting today-wheat very good.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 30, 1883:  \"Burn and Elam fought a duel near Wainsborough.  Elam got a flesh wound; the other was not touched.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 1, 1883: Preaching by Rev. Waters\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 8, 1883:  \"Our choir sung for the colored people today at 11:00.  Rev. B. Smith preached-a colored man.\" [Sunday]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 11, 1883: \"The Wizard men came to our town this evening and will stay until next Sabbath.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 12, 1883: \"Mr. Allemong and family gone to White Sulphur Springs to stay for 3 weeks.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 14, 1883:   Talks about a \"wizard man\" being in town for the week selling medicine.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 25, 1883: \"Hanger and wife joined the M.E. Church to night.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 29, 1883: Henry Smals granddaughter Sallie Miller married Samuel Boselmen.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 4, 1883: \"My Birth day.  I H. Smals was born on the 4 August 1810 Saturday in afternoon at 3 oclock near the head of Muddy Creek about 2 miles of the head of Linville Creek and Bowmans Mill.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 20, 1883:  \"George E. Dunnell killed a Negro.  Shot him in self-defense.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 20, 1883:  \"Mr. George Murry's ondley daughter [age 11] got killed at a cane mill.  The shaft caught her clothes and thread her around and beat her head soft.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNovember 8, 1883: \"Dr. Brown and Robert Whitescarver have a Quarrel in our Shop this morning, but Did not come to blows.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNovember 12, 1883: \"Dock Van Pelt moved to Sangersville, he has moved 18 times in 6 years.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 28, 1883:  \"A black man from Rockbridge County came to our town and married Black Maria Huldey yesterday in the African Church.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 31, 1883:  \"Watch meting to night in M. E. Church. Oyster supper by the colored people in Odfellows Hall.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 1, 1884:  \"Oyster supper by the Odfellows tonight in Odfellows Hall.  Everybody invited. Uncommonly cold; scarlet fever very bad in the area; ice 6\" frozen.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 4, 1884:  \"Mrs. Young was laying out a woman who had died and got some gastric juices on a sore on her hand and now suffers very much in consequence of it.\" [She was sick for about a week; Smals doesn't mention her after that.]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 26, 1884: \"Dr. Jones Drugstore caught on fire and burt up all his drugs and medcane [sic].  Did not burn the store house.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 11, 1884:  \"Colored people had their first Quarterly meeting at this place today.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 24, 1884:  \"William Fishback and a black man had a fight.  Fishback struck the negro in the head with a rock and Fishback had to pay a fine and cost which was $4.45.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 31, 1884:  A great \"bass ball\" game.  Bridgewater 28 Harrisonburg 25 and 2 whitewashes.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 11, 1884:  \"David Hooks whipped his sister with a yardstick this morning and left marks on her boddie.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 13, 1884:  \"Brady and Wine killed their first beef this evening.  Going to butcher all summer.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 15, 1884 : \"Lighting struck Rev. Raley [Lutheran] near Mt. Crawford and knocked his horse down but did not kill either of them.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 18, 1884: \"All the presses and other tools to Bridgewater this evening to make cigars.\" [sketch of cigar]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 19, 1884:  \"Nute Fry commenced butchering and selling beef in Bridgewater this morning.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 1884:  [Several mentions of a cigar/tobacco factory.]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 6, 1884: \"Old Jimmie Coakley, colored, died today near Rushville at the age of 110 years old.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 10, 1884: \"Sabbath Morning, Warm Cloudy.  Rained some last night.  This is Childrens Day with the M.E.C.S.  The collection amounted to 10 dollars.  Preaching by Rev. Waters at 11 oclock.  Exercises at 2 oclock, also at night.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 16, 1884: \"Professor Hoover and Professor Hulvey came to our town.  Spoke in the Old Town Hall as Democrats.\"\n[At this time Rev. Campbell was preaching in the Lutheran Church and Rev. Clark in the Baptist Church.  Smals usually mentioned the services in Lutheran and Baptist Churches].\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 30, 1884:  Cigar boys played and beat Bridgewater boys in baseball.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 3, 1884: \"Uncle Jake Hesberger raised a watermelon that weighed 47 ¾ pounds.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 7, 1884: Rev. Linch preached in M.E.C.S Church.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 13, 1884: \"A fellow going to walk on a Rope started from J. Dinkles to the top of the old Tavern.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 20, 1884:  \"The colored people have a local Preachers Convention here-will continue over Sunday.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 21, 1884:  \"Preaching at colored church by colored preacher.  Fifteen local preachers present at the Convention.  Large crowd of colored people present.  Collected $30.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 22, 1884: \"Jacob Bierly and son were killed in the well by foul air.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOctober 5, 1884: Rev. Ross preaching at M. E. C. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNovember 1, 1884: \"Mrs. Showalter Beat a little child today Black and Blue.  She was arrested and had her trial.  Paid the Corporation $5.00 and $25.00 to the County Court.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 6, 1884:  \"A negro shot another negro in Harrisonburg last night.  He was caught and lodged in jail to await trial.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 25, 1884: Thursday Morning Clear.  \"Very cold this Christmas Day, Plenty of ice on the River   Boys skating and shooting.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 26, 1884: \"I H. Smals Eat a fine Dinner at George Hangers.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 27, 1884: \"Oyster supper to night by the Masons at Will Areys.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 12, 1885: \"The Cigar Boys commence making cigars today.\"  [Smals makes frequent  references to the \"cigar boys\" working in the cigar factory in Bridgewater]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 18, 1885: \"Old Mr. Hailman fell through the Bridge and Caught himself before he got to the water.\" [Smals had been writing regularly of work on the bridge]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 24, 1885: \"William H. Grove finished the Bridge today.  Got $56 for his 16 days work.\"   \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 21, 1885: \"21 below zero.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 11, 1885:  \"Nuten Smals came here from Hampshire County.  Brown Smals and Thomas Smals came to my house to day from Berkley County near Williamsport W.Va. to purchase cattle.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 18, 1885: \"Our Preachers have come from Conference to day.  Rev Dice the Presiding Elder and Rev Lynch and Prettiman [Prettyman] the Senior and Junior Preacher for one Year.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 21, 1885: \"Dam frozen over to night, never was known to freeze over in March before.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 22, 1885: Preaching by Rev. Reade [Reid?]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 24, 1885: \"Old Miller Areys sale today on Muddy Creek.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 25, 1885: \"Hales engine went through our town this morning.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 27, 1885: \"A Degarion [?] car came to town today.\" [sketch of train car, maybe an early photo studio?]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 28, 1885: \"The dogs killed a parse of sheep for John Allemong this morning. John Allemong discharged 6 of his cigar men.  Only 4 rollers left and 2 packers.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 3, 1885: [Good Friday.]  \"This is the day our Savior was crucified nearly 1900 years ago.\" [sketch of cross]  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 10, 1885:  \"The old Brick Shop that I Built 1840, 44 years ago, they are taring down to Build Drivers House.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 12, 1885: \"Bettie Brown joined the M. E. Church South.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 16, 1885: \"John Fisher rented the Lower Room of the Odd Fellows for the sum of  Two Dollars per month…\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 18, 1885: \"The first Quarterly Conference held in this place.   Presiding Elder present and both of the preachers on the Sircuit present and a good many of the Official Body present.  Brother Lynch gone to Spring Hill to hold a Quarterly meeting for the presiding Elders.  Brother Prettyman preached at night at 7 ½  oclock.\"  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 21, 1885:  \"Burk Sellers cow had twin calves.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 22, 1885: Moses Stickler had been recommended as Post Master in Bridgewater.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 26, 1885:  \"Two bysicles in our town.  Came from Harrisonburg in 52 minutes.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 28, 1885:  \"J.W.S. commenced getting new milk of Mrs. Jenkins today at 6 cents per quart.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 6, 1885:  \"Dinkel hired a bisicle in Harrisonburg to learn to ride on.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 15, 1885: \"My Daughter Annie Died to night at 10 oclock.  She was 42 years and some month old.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 20, 1885: \"Richard Berlin put a whistle on his engine today.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 8, 1885: \"Shifflett stabbedd Riddle 2 times in the side.  The one stab is supposed to be fatal.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 13, 1885:  \"Dr. Johnson's cow had 2 calves this morning.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 1, 1885:  Post Office opened and first day of mail service in Bridgewater area.  Carriers going to Stribling Springs and Harrisonburg.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 24, 1885:  \"2 Negroes broke open wines at Funkhouser store and stole 2 suit of clothing, coffee and sugar, and other articles. A black woman found under a hay stack with her throat cut from ear to ear in Augusta County, VA.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 7, 1885:  \"Colored people had a Festival tonight at the Old Town Hall\" [3 sketches of black heads].\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 8. 1885:  \"Colored people continue their festival tonight.  Colored people have a Quarterly meeting on Crawford's farm today and tomorrow.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 8, 1886:  \"The Colored Minstrel Singers came to our town today and sing tonight in the M.E. Church.  Colored in this town a perfect Humbug.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 15, 1886:  \"The colored Preacher came here on his circuit today.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 7, 1886:  Notes marriage of 2 coloreds with a squiggly circle drawing.  \"Wm. Branson to Allace Brookins\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 26, 1886:  \"Charley Stuart moved in Berlintown in Joseph Nielwanders house.  He is a colored man.\" [sketch of black man's head].\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 1, 1886:  \"Mat Barber's child buried today in the Colored Graveyard in this town today at 11 o'clock.  Colored boy Joseph Riggle came to our town today to work in the factory.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 11, 1886:  \"John Wine's wife had twins and two days afterward his cow had twin calves.\" [sketch of twin calves]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 14, 1886:  \"The Colored people have a Picknick tonight for the benefit of their Preacher.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSummer of 1886:  Talks a lot about farmers harvesting their wheat all over and in July \"people are thrashing all over.\"  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 1, 1886:  \"The Colored People had a Bush meeting near Mt. Crawford.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 2, 1886:  \"A great show at the African church tonight by the colored folks.\"  [Pasted a picture of black musicians surrounded by violins, banjos and other instruments]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 30, 1886:  \"Jackson Doomer's cow died this morning.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 4, 1886:  \"Another bucher shop opened near Allemony's store.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 18, 1886:  \"Mr. Isaac Marshall weighed his big hog today at 705 pounds.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOctober 16, 1886:  \"Colored Quarterly meeting commenced today in Bridgewater.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOctober 19, 1886:  \"Henry Dice and Frank Irvin came home from Pokehunters to bring his cattle home.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNovember 22, 1886:  \"Sanger Brothers started a Creamery today in Bridgewater.\"  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 15, 1887:  Josie Wise, colored, buried in the Colored Graveyard today at 11 o'clock.  A great many colored persons present.\"  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn speech:  [Smals spells the railroad president's name \"Auther Vandabilt\"]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOn blacks:  [Frequently mentions when they are born, married, and died and usually draws head sketches.]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOn travel:  [In 1877 a trip to Harrisonburg took 4 hours.]\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Henry Smals Papers, 1871-1891, consist of three boxes containing eighteen volumes of diaries written by Henry Smals of Bridgewater, Virginia. The topics of diary entries are brief outlining day-to-day activities. There are mentions of acquaintances that are ill, various business transactions conducted in town, the movement of livestock, and hay through town, ongoing town projects, church activities, marriages, births, deaths, and other details of town life. The activities of \"colored people\" are occasionally noted. Throughout the diaries, Smals made small drawings of people and animals and added illustrations clipped from newspapers. A folder, located in Box 3, contains printed copies of a partial index and a list of highlights for most volumes as well as an ad for \"Henry Smals, Fashionable Barber! Main Street, Bridgewater, Va.\"","July 9, 1871: Rev. Holland preached.","July 28, 1871: \"Negro procession burying a black man, 27 numbers.\"","August 11, 1871: \"Ingenears [sic] at work from Harrisonburg to Bridgewater.\"  [sketch of surveyor's transit]","August 17, 1871: \"Eingenears [sic] leveling the road through town.\"","October 10, 1871: [Described Chicago Fire giving damage figures and drew a sketch]","November 8, 1871: A man was fined.","March 31, 1872: \"Charley Clark got his leg broke by the kick of a horse in the street near the Methodist Church.\" Rev. Engel [J.J.Eagle] was preaching at Mossy Creek ","April 22, 1872:\"Poor Peter Swisher, black, in  town from the Poor House ","April 28, 1872: \"class as usual at Lutheran Church\" ","May 4, 1872: Preaching by Rev. Whitscarver at 3pm ","May 8, 1872: \"A Drove of cattle went through town today to West Virginia to graze.\" [sketch of cow skull] \"A Load of corn to Staunton.\" [ear of corn sketch][during this period time small pox [drew symbolic dots] was raging at Tenth Legion and there is reference ot Tobias Swartz making barrels [sketch of barrel]]","May 27, 1872: \"A Cow ate up a pocket book for Harry Soule with $140 in the book.","May 31, 1872: \"Negro riot at Mrs. Woodleys.\"","June 1872: \"Glade as dry as we had seen in 40 years.\"","June 23, 1872: \"No class today, our church is under repairs. Prayer meeting at Lutheran Church","July 13, 1872:  \"Black Peter and Black Tond [sp?] came here from the Poor House for a Quarterly meeting.\"","July 14, 1872:  \"A great many Black persons at their meeting at the orchard of Mrs. Brown's. Sabbath Morning.  - \"Preaching by Reverend Engel [Eagle].  Rev. Whitescarver preached in the Methodist Church.  A very small congregation today.\"","August 4, 1872: [Henry Smals birthday.]","August 5, 1872: \"Some Scoundrels went in T. Hites watermelon lot and cut and stole all his watermelons.\"","August 17, 1872:  \"2 droves of Fat Cattle went through our town today . . . Another drove of cattle and a drove of sheep.  Another drove of cattle.\"","August 23, 1872: \"A camp meeting commence at Lacey Springs for the United Brethren in Christ.\" ","August 28, 1872:  \"A company of Gipseys went through our town.\"","September 2, 1872:  \"Two droves of cattle went through our town.\"","September 3, 1872: \"Greely Club meeting this evening.\"","September 4, 1872: \"25 wells gone dry.\"","September 5, 1872: \"load of crocks from Mt. Sidney.\"","September 7, 1872:  \"Negro picnic at Mt. Solon today at 11 o'clock.\" [5 black heads drawn]","September 14, 1872:  \"A drove of cattle very fat came through our town today. Reverend Perry killed 23 squirrels.\"","September 21, 1872:  \"A drove of sheep from Hiland came through our town  . . . A drove of cattle went through our town.\"","September 22, 1872: \"A large crowd  at the M. E. Church South.\"","September 24, 1872:  \"Joseph Byrd and Squire Whitsearver gone to try a Negro.  He is a lunatick.\"","September 28, 1872:  \"Negro picnic in the woods near the town.\"","October 4, 1872:  \"A blind Negro playing on harp for a living . . . A Negro show in our town this evening at 8 o'clock.\"","October 11, 1872:  \"2 beaves killed this evening in our town.\"","October 15, 1872:  \"A drove of sheep, a drove of cattle went through our town today.\"","November 8, 1872:  \"1 drove of cattle went through our town to Faquire County.\"","November 14, 1872:  \"Horse disease [Epizooty] made its appearance in our midst.  No fatal cases reported as yet.  Chicken cholera also prevailing.  The Devil has been at loose among the stock, poultry, etc.\"","November 25, 1872:  \"A large drove of cattle went through our town today.\"Dec. 11, 1872:  [Writes in German.]","December 22, 1872:  \"Class at usual hour 9 o'clock, Sabbath School at 2 o'clock. Singing after class.  Also singing at 6 ½ o'clock, Closed singing a 8 o'clock.\"","December 30, 1872:  \"Sinclair Lewis came to town this evening.\"","December 31, 1872:  \"Mr. Mason, Superintendent of Poor House, in town today.\"","February 7, 1873:  \"Black people all gone to the railroad from Bridgewater.\"","March 8, 1873:  \"2 droves of cattle and 2 droves of sheep went through our town this evening. . .  The black presiding elder's name is Harst.\"","March 9, 1873: \"Singing by Professor Wartman at 10 o'clock.\"","March 10, 1873:  \"All the black boys from Bridgewater went to the railroad.\"","March 26, 1873:  \"A drove of cattle and hogs went through out town today-up the country.\"","March 27, 1873:  \"All the colored people gone to the railroad.\"","April 22, 1873 : \"There are 11 preachers in town.\"","April 27, 1873: \"Baptism by Immersion in the River near the Bridge.\"","May 12, 1873:  \"A drove of cattle went through our town to the mountains.\"","May 15, 1873:  \"A drove of cattle gone through our town to the mountains.\"","May 18, 1873: \"Hattie Dinkel and Frank Perry baptized.\"","May 28, 1873:  \"Shifflet killed a black man dead in his tracks on the railroad between Sangersville and Harrisonburg.\"","June-August, 1873:[A lot of talk about many people being in town looking for work on the railroad and how much work was being done; a lot of railroad business.]","June 22, 1873: \"Preaching by Reverend Nihiser.\"","August 27, 1873: [District Conference commenced in Mt. Crawford.]","August 31 1873,-  \"Preaching at M.E.C.S by Reverend Waugh.\"","September 6, 1873:  \"Negroes have a Sabbath school picnic this evening.\"","September 20, 1873:  \"1 Drove of fat cattle gone through our town.\"","October 1, 1873:  \"Wages on the NGR Road is cut down to $1.25 per day and board themselves.  Negroes would not work for that price.\"","October 2, 1873:  \"A great stampede with the Negroes striking for higher wages or work on the whole line on the Narrow Gauge RR.  A great many Negroes gone to Staunton.\"","October 3, 1873:  \"A great many Negroes in town today looking for work.\"","October 5, 1873 - Reverend Weddell was to preach in Temperance Hall.","November 1, 1873:  \"A large drove of cattle came through our town.\"","November 15, 1873:  \"Negro Fair today at their schoolhouse on the bank of the river.\"","November 24, 1873:  \"Joseph Williams shot a negroman a convict from the penitentiary but did not kill him.\"","December 12, 1873: \"Dr. McMarren came to our town to open a drug store.\" [mortar and pestle sketch]","December 16, 1873:  \"Finished work on the Broad Gauge RR this evening.\"","December 28, 1873: \" Preaching by a Northern Methodist.\"","December 29, 1873:  \"A Negro frolick in our town tonight in the Odd fellows Hall lower room.\"","January 1, 1874: \"John Allemong and Mack Aden leased the Band Mill of  George Berlin for 3 years.\"","January 3, 1874:  \"A drove of cattle went through our town today.  2 droves more cattle went through our town.\"","January 4, 1874:  \"Preaching at Brethren Church by Rev Nihiser.  Prayer  mtg. 6 ½  o'clock in M. E. C. S.\"","January 11, 1874:  Sabbath morning   clear cool   class at the usual hour of 9 oclock   Preaching by Rev. Mr. Engel [Eagle]  Sabbath School at 2 oclock   Preaching by Rev. Whitescarver [Baptist?]   Also Rev Mr. Weddell at 3 ½ oclock  Rev Mr. Stuart preached at M. E. C. S. at 6 ½ oclock","January 17, 1874:  \"A drove of very fat cattle went through our town today.\"","February 1, 1874:  \"Singing by Professor Bucher at 11 o'clock.  Black Liz had a child and carried it to the stable, child had a bunch of straw crammed in its mouth, found dead.\"","February 13, 1874:  \"A drove of cattle came through our town.  1 drove of hogs went through our town today.\"","February 17, 1874:  \"A large drove of cattle went through our town today.\"","February 22, 1874: \"Sabbath Morning.  Class at the usual hour at 9 o'clock.  Preaching by Rev. Mr. Engel [Eagle].  Sabbath School at 2 o'clock.  Preaching at 3 ½ o'clock by Rev. Mr. Whitscarver.   Prayer meeting at the usual hour 6 ½ o'clock.  Very warm  mercury up to 82 degrees.\"","February 26, 1874: Two houses and lots were sold in Bridgewater for $375 each.  [Smals always drew a house when one was sold and when people moved to another house].","March 8, 1874: \"The old Methodist Church in Mt. Crawford Blown Down by wind today.\"","March 13, 1874: \"Rev Engel [Eagle] came home from Conference this morning.\"","April 11, 1874:  \"A drove of cattle gone through our town to the mountains. Lovefeast at 9 o'clock.  Preaching at 11 by John H. Marten.\" ","May 18, 1874:  \"Charley Hottle and Jack Higgins were arrested for stealing a large iron pot of Davie Danner and put in the calaboose for 3 hours and there whipped on the bare back, Charley 8 lashes and Jack 4.\"  [Doesn't say if these two were black or white.]","June 4, 1874:  \"This is Pention [sic] Day for the soldiers of the war.\"","June 9, 1874:  \"A great many persons in our town today for flowers for the soldiers graves.\"","June 10, 1874:  \"This is Memorial Day in Harrisonburg of Confederate Soldiers graves.\"","June 16, 1874:  \"A Negro strike on the Railroad today.\"","June 18, 1874:  \"President of NGRR and chief engineer in town today.\"","July 25, 1874:  \"Quarterly meeting commenced today by the Colored People in Bridgewater.\"","July 25, 1874: \"The Normal Professors and Scholars gone on the Round Hill, a pleasure trip.\"","August 15, 1874: \"Professors and Boys had a fine game of Bass Ball this afternoon.\"","October 2, 1874:  \"Colonel Osburn gone home and I suppose that is the end of the Broad Gauge RR.\"","November 2, 1874: \"Adam Rader butchering today.\" [Adam Rader was the first mayor of Bridgewater, Virginia and organized the first Methodist church in that town in 1841.  He is commemorated in a stained glass window in the Bridgewater United Methodist Church].","December 4, 1874:  \"This is Pention [sic] Day of the Soldiers of the War.\"","December 13, 1874: \"Rev Haines buried in Port Republic. Requested that all people who had heard him preach come to see him buried.\"","December 28, 1874:  \"Negro frolick in our town tonight.\"","March 1, 1875: \"The Sivil [sic] Rights Bill passed both houses.  Nigger can look to have his head broke.\"","April 28, 1875: \"Dick Rogers killed 1 loon and 1 Night Heron.\" [accurate sketches of both birds]","May 24, 1875:  \"A panther attacked one of Wises boys this morning on Wises.\"","May 24, 1875:  \"A panther attacked one of Wises boys this morning on Wises.\"","June 9, 1875:  \"A Negro hung near Harrisonburg for insulting a white woman today without judge or jury.\"","August 13, 1875: \"Methodist Camp Meeting commence today above Mt. Sidney.  Rev. Mauzey [Mausee] gone to attend this meeting.  Also a camp meeting near Lacey Springs commence to day held by United Brethren.\"","September 24, 1875:  \"A parsel of Negroes were blowed up on the Railroad in a cut near the Darah Coal mines.\"","September 25, 1875:  \"Severell droves of cattle, hogs and  sheep went through our town today to market.\"","October 15, 1875: [Sketch of a steam sawmill.]","January 2, 1876: Sabbath Morning.  \"A blind man by the name of Johnson addressed the Sunday School and children.\"","February 10, 1876: \"A large supper and surprise party given at Rev. Mauzeys [Mausee], about 50 in number.\"    ","February 21, 1876: \"Monday morning cloudy and rain.  This is Court Day.  A great many persons in town to day.  A great many drunk.  The Mite Society met at the Parsonage at 7 o'clock. Collected 6 dollars and some cents.  Miss Player was indited before the grand jury for killing her child by sticking scissors in its neck, seven holes.\"","March 6, 1876:  \"Great Disaster happened at the Narrow pass. Bridge broken, cars went down and killed 11 and wounded all of the crew and killed 96 cattle and tore everything to pieces.\"","March 11, 1876:  \"A Sons of Purity had a procession and fair today in Town Hall. A great many black folks present. They realized about $45 for their society.\"","March 20, 1876:  \"Black Amos gone to Montrey with his wagon with provisions for convicts.\"   [Many entries about people taking provisions to convicts.]","April 20, 1876:  \"Black Peter died at the Poor House.\"","May 3, 1876:  \"Black Charley Teter got drunk and Mr. Simpson struck him in the mouth and Charley was put in the calaboose.\"","June 10, 1876:  \"Black folks have Picnick at Mt. Sidney today.  The band is gone up to Sidney.\"","June 18, 1876: Sabbath Morning.   \"…the M. E. Church received a new library today, 125 volumes of good literature.\"","July 12, 1876: \"Old Miller Campbell drown in a barrel of water in Daton this morning.\"","August 21, 1876: \"Jedediah Hotchkiss of Staunton lectures geography of Virginia today at two o'clock.\"","August 31, 1876:  \"Convicts came off the road and gone near Rawley Springs to get out Railroad ties.\"  [Convicts now working on the RR, not blacks]","September 19, 1876: \"Adam Rader came to town today.\"","October 1, 1876: Sabbath -[Henry Smals attended Quarterly meeting at Naked Creek.]","October 24, 1876: \"4 droves of cattle came through our town.\"","November 5, 1876: Sabbath-\"John Allemong very sick\"","November 6, 1876: \"John Allemong still sick.\"","November 7, 1876:  Declares Tilden and Hendricks as elected President and VP of the country","February 4, 1877: Sunday -  \"The colored Quarterly Meeting closed this evening about 9 o'clock.\"","February 5 1877:  \"A black man the name of R. Coffman went to John Hatfields and choked John's wife and hurt her face and arm, and went in pursuit of him and caught him at James Davis and brought him to Mr. Byrds and Mr. Byrd sent him to jail for further trial.\"","February 16, 1877:  \"Negroes have a dance in the lower room in Odfellow Hall tonight.\"","March 5, 1877:  Notes inauguration day but doesn't mention names.  Perhaps he's disappointed his candidates didn't win after all.","March 16, 1877: [Smals mentions Pastors Graechen and Kinzer who were both new ministers at the M. E. Church on the Bridgewater Circuit.]","March 19, 1877:  \"The trial of the black man comes off today for an attempt of rape, was condemned to the penitentiary for 10 years.\"","January 2, 1875:  \"S. Coffman was arrested for assault and battery.\" [a black man].","April 1, 1877: \"Preaching at M. E. Church by Rev. Kinzer.\"","April 23, 1877:  \"Mr. Shifflett condemned to be hung by the neck till he is dead dead dead\"","April 25, 1877:  Shiffletts hanging to be done June 29.","June 12, 1877:\"a new engine went through our town today.\"","June 23, 1877: \"The Masons had a picknick below the bridge today.  All the Masons in town were present.\"","June 24, 1877: Sabbath morning: \"Preaching by Rev. Kinzer in M. E. Church.  Preaching in the Brethren Church at 8 o'clock in the evening.\"","June 29, 1877:  Hanging put off for further trial.","July 4, 1877:  \"This is Independence Day, great parade in Harrisonburg about 5,000 persons present.  Fine day for a celebration in Harrisonburg.  Several speeches made in the courtyard.\"","July 11, 1877:  \"Verdict brought in for Shifflett for murder in the first degree.\"","August 19, 1877: Sunday: \"About 3,000 people at a Camp Meeting in Parnassus.\"","August 24, 1877:  \"A picnic at Harrisonburg by the Negroes\"","August 25, 1877:  A white picnic at Mt. Crawford.","September 1, 1877:  \"The [traveling] Centennial closed tonight for the White People.\"","September 2, 1877: \"Preaching in M. E. Church by Rev. Graechen.\"","September 3, 1877:  \"Today Centennial opened for the Colored People.  A good crowd present.\"","September 5, 1877:  \"Several drove of cattle came through our town.\"","September 9, 1877: \"Preaching by Rev. Mausey [Mausee].\"","Wednesday, September 12, 1877: \"Rev. Roe preached in M. E. Church tonight on object of Bibles.\"","September 23, 1877: \"I [Smals] delivered an address to the Sunday School Prayer Meeting tonight.\"","September 25, 1877:  \"Mr. Shiflett was hung in Harrisonburg today about 1 o'clock.\"  [Sketch of a hangman's noose and gallows drawn]","October 3, 1877:  \"Some fine stock went through our town today.\"","November 11, 1877:  \"Boat was built to cross the river; big rope extended to both sides.\" [draws picture of rope and boat crossing the river.]","November 14, 1877: Preaching by Rev. Graechen.","November 27, 1877: \"…Jenkins nephew making boats to cross river.\"","December 8, 1877: \"A boat sank today with a load of wood on the wagon belonging to Daniel Evans, supposed to weigh 6 tons.\"","December 14, 1877:  \"Commenced the bridge.\" [drew a picture of a stone bridge].","December 17, 1877: \"Uncle Adam Rader paralyzed today.\"","December 18, 1877: Jacob Dinkel died [brother in law of Smals].","December 25, 1877:  \"Colored band has gone to Harrisonburg.\"","December 26, 1877:  White band invited to play at a party.","January 1878: [ Work continues on the bridge.]","January 22, 1878: \"Business very dull.  John Allemong put his calico down to 5 cents per yard.\"","January 26, 1878: \"Boys killed a red fox on Round Hill today.  Shot by John Keaton.\"","January 31, 1878: \"John Smith and Right Hartman had a fight today in the confectionaire [sic].\"","February 1, 1878: Rev. Graechen came to town.","February 7, 1878: \"Samuel S. Miller cut his hand in my shop.\"","February 9, 1878: \"The Dunkards made arrangements to build a church out at the woods.  Layed off the ground today.  Joe Summerlance and Tailor Sheetz had a fight at the bridge today.  Paid a fine of dollar apiece by decision of the Mayor.\"","February 13, 1878:  [Smals took sick for 2 weeks; no entries.]","March 6, 1878:\"Our annual Conference goes in session today in the City of Baltimore. Business looking up now.\"","March 7, 1878:  \"Black woman linched [sic] and hung for burning a barn.\" [drew picture of gallows]","March 19, 1878: \"Great Elocution in M. E. Church to night by Rev. Ross.  A failure. Ross sick.\"","March 22, 1878:  \"Henry Smals fell in the river today.\"","March 28, 1878:  \"Trussels finished on the bridge.\"  [Children and ladies crossed first]","April 9, 1878:  [Bridgewater Enterprise, first paper printed in Bridgewater; J.H. Smals bought the first paper off the press.]","April 12, 1878:  \"Bridge finished; first wagon and cart driven over.\"","April 30, 1878:  [Notes Dr. doing \"obstetricks\" [sic];  316 cases; lost only 1 mother.]","May 18, 1878:  \"Colored People have their first Quarterly meeting in this town.\"","May 20, 1878:  \"Commenced putting on shingles on Bridge roof today.\"","May 21, 1878:  \"Black Jack Higgins and Black Sam Williams had a fight on the road.\"","May 31, 1878: \"Peter Miller started to Baltimore to purchase stock for his factory.\"","June 3, 1878: \"John Hatfield and Gallice Miller finished the bridge today.  Gallice Miller drove the last nail.\"","June 5, 1878:  \"Commenced painting the bridge. . . . Bridge finished today.\" [Sketch of the finished bridge]","June 10, 1878: \"Presbyterians organized their church today.  Rev. Price preached in the Lutheran Church.\"  \"Spits of snow with 3 ½ inches on Mountain.\"","June 14, 1878:  \"Great decoration of soldier's graves; amount of persons present about 12,000; a good many went from Bridgewater.\"","June 20, 1878: \"Perry Meace crossed the Bridge with a steam boiler weighing 9200 pounds.\"","June 22, 1878:  \"2 Beef Wagons in town today.\"","June 23, 1878:  \"Preaching in M. E. Church today by Reverend Kinzer.  Mr. Kiracofe married to Miss McWilliams.  Some of the Negroes had a fuss in their church.\"","June 28, 1878:  \"2 hundred pounds of butter came to town today.\"","June 29, 1878:  \"A great deal of butter came to town today.\"","July 4, 1878:  \"This is Independence Day.  A fourth of July Celebration held at Edinburg today.  A good many persons gone to the celebration at Edinburg from this town.\"","July 6, 1878:  \"A big trial with the niggers for misdemeanor at their church.  Jane Bookers, Nels Lee and Addel Johnston were fined 50 cents each and cast and bound over the peace for 12 months.\"","July 19, 1878:  \"Picnic by the colored people at their schoolhouse tonight also tomorrow night.\"","July 21, 1878: Preaching by Rev. Daniel [David] Bush at Church.  \"Meeting at M. E. Church to pass a Resolution to have a festival on the 9 and 10 of August for the benefit of the M. E. Church.\"","July 25, 1878: \"Editor Delaney is taking the origin of our town from year 1826.\"  [This was apparently a history of Bridgewater].","July 27, 1878: Rev. Rosenbough at M. E. Church.","August 1, 1878:  \"A picnic of the Colored people at Coonrods Store today.  Our Colored Band went to play for them.\"","August 3, 1878: Iron safe weighing 5110 pounds installed in Bank of Bridgewater. ","August 4, 1878: [Smals birthday.  Preaching by Rev. Graechen in M. E. Church.]","August 9, 1878: Camp Meetings at Parnassus and Fort Defiance.","Sunday, August 11, 1878: \"No class today in consequence of church being out of order.\" [Repairs?]","August 20, 1878: Frank Miller got 15 years in penitentiary for stealing horses.  ","August 25, 1878: Meeting at the new Dunkard Church.","August 28, 1878: \"Dr. Brown got his printing press.\"","August 30, 1878:  \"Colored People's Camp Meeting commenced tonight near George Kerekoff's, on his land.\"","September 6, 1878:  \"A Colored man preached tonight at camp meeting near our town.\"  [The meeting closed on the 8th.]","September 20, 1878:  \"Great parade with the Negroes in Harrisonburg celebrating their freedom.\" [drew 4 black heads]","October 24, 1878: \"Rod and balls for church put on.\" [The legibility is unclear for this entry but from the accompanying sketch, it appears a lighting rod was installed on the church].","October 27, 1878: Rev. Green preached in M. E. Church.","November 3, 1878: Rev. Rosebough preached in M. E. Church.","December 1, 1878: Rev. Hat preached in M. E. Church.","December 25, 1878:  \"Colored had a fair in Town Hall.  Realized $8.\"","January 16, 1879:  \"Black Nels Lee got married to Black Allard.  Rev. Mauzy married them.\"","January 23, 1879:  \"Nels Lee moved into the house at the end of the Plank Walk.  Colored people working on their church.\"","February 15, 1879: Rev. Grachen preaching.","February 17, 1879: \"A Grand Supper gave by the Band of Bridgewater.  Cornet Band to night.\"","February 20, 1879: \"Charles Furry's wife had twins to night.\"","February 28, 1879: \"Mr. McClouds House burnt up about 11 o'clock to night.\"","March 1, 1879: \"A fine Revival going on in Harrisonburg. About 76 conversions up to this date.\"","March 5, 1879: \"Our Annual Conference goes in session at Salem, Roanoke County.\" ","March 6, 1879:  \"Commenced work again on the African church in rear of our church. George White bought 5 hogs of Mrs. Ward for $20.\"","March 8, 1879: Four day conference.  [likely M. E. Church]","March 12, 1879: Eight day conference adjourned.  Brother Kinzer returns to our Sircuit [sic] and Rev Holcomb [Homan?] moved to Jesse Frys house in our town.","March 14, 1879:  \"Negro Exhibition at old Town Hall tonight.\"","March 19, 1879: \"Dr. Brown moved his drug store to Armstrongs store room and also the printing press upstairs in Browns Store.  Samuel Miller upset his buggy and broke the top off it.\"","March 22, 1879: \"Lute Swartz killed a Sandhill Crane this morning.\" [sketch of crane]","March 30, 1879: \"Quarterly meeting going on at Crawford.\" ","April 13, 1879: \"Preaching by Kummingham [R. S Cunningham] at M. E. Church.\"","April 14, 1879: Henry Smals got sick on his way to Richmond Odd Fellows Conference.","April 29, 1879: \"A. Hollins brought a load of agricultural implements to the Old Town Hall.\"","May 10, 1879:  \"Quarterly meeting with the colored people today.  Presiding elder present.\"","May 29, 1879: \"Peter Miller's stable burnt down.  Supposed to have caught from the engine of Mr. Sheetz.\" ","June 9, 1879:  \"This is Memorial Day at Staunton to decorate the soldiers graves.  A good many persons gone from Bridgewater.\" [June 6-at Winchester-Memorial of the Dead-estimates 25,000 present]","Thursday, June 12, 1879: \"This is the day the Lawn Festival commences in church yard at M. E. Church.  No festival on account of rain.\" [sketch]","June 23, 1879: \"Willie Bradburn got his arms in the carding machine, tore off the flesh of half the arm.\" [Smals always drew a sketch of injured arms and legs]  \"about 2500 black bass put in the dam above the woolen factory.\"","June 27, 1879: \"A great many cherries in our town to day at from 11 to 20 cents per gallon.  Mr. Mefall got his buggy and harness broken near Allemongs by hoisting an umbrella, horse got frightened.\"","July 4, 1879: \"Day of Celebration in Harrisonburg, about 15,000 people present, 6 bands and 6 military companies, a powerful turnout.  98 degrees for 3 hours and one hour 100 degrees, awful dust.  It was supposed that $10,000 dollars was left in Harrisonburg today.\"","July 13, 1879: Rev. Rosbrown [?] preached.","July 21, 1879:  \"J.H. Smals at court, made 2 indictments on assault and battery, the other a rape on a small Negro child.\"","August 15, 1879:  \"Rev. Boothe, Colored preacher, in United Brethren Church tonight.\"","August 25, 1879: \"Oliver L. Rhodes made me a present of a fine hat this shape.\"  [sketch of the hat].","August 31, 1879:  \"Also dedication by the colored people of their church in our town.  Realized $72. Their presiding elder present. Had good order.\"","September 1, 1879: Rev. Cunningham had gone to District Conference at \"Wainsborough.\"  [Waynesboro]. ","September 4, 1879:  \"The first issue of the Bridgewater Journal out.\"\t","September 5, 1879: First issue of the Bridgewater Journal published.  [sketch]","September 6, 1879: Dr. Brown had gone to Rawley Springs to bottle water.   ","September 14, 1879: Rev Kemper preached in PM.","September 22, 1879:  \"This is Mansipation [sic] Day for the Negroes.\"  [Writes this in big letters and draws four black heads.]","October 2, 1879:  \"A blind black man sung in the African church this evening.\"","October 13, 1879:  \"Cars ran off the track and smashed 11 cars all to pieces, hurt a good many.\" [Smals does not tell where this happened]. ","October 28, 1879:  \"The winter meeting in the M. E. S. Church still in progress.  Herschel Young professed religion tonight\"","October 29, 1879:  \"547 cattle passed through town today.\"","November 1879-January 1880:  Mentions a lot of religious meetings and conversions.","November 2, 1879: \"56 for church service.  Protracted meeting still going on in M. E. Church.\"  [This revival continued for the first week or two of November] ","November 6, 1879:  \"Mr. Sheetz plank mill burnt down with 7,000 feet of lumber.\"","November 8, 1879: \"Several drummers in town today selling goods.\"","November 9, 1879: \"Wofered Vancant struck Joe William with a club at our church door.\"  [sketch of club with word club written on it]  \"John Myers was converted to night about 9 o'clock.\"","November 11, 1879: \"Moffett Miller, Dr. Bucher and Thrush Sellers were all converted.\" [Moffett Miller is commemorated in a stained glass window in Bridgewater United Methodist Church].","November 21, 1879: \"I  H. Smals heard a great noise to night in the skyes about 12 o'clock. The Noise was as Distant Thunder.\"  [He noted that the temperature was 8 degrees the next morning.]","December 8, 1879: \"Miss Rosenbaum came to our town to teach music on the piano from Staunton.\"","December 13, 1879:  \"The Tunkard Brethren had quite a revival.  15 were baptized by immersion.  Old man Marshall killed a 568 ¼ pound hog.\"  [Sketch of hog, Smals always reported who all was butchering this time of year]","December 24, 1879: \"Christmas tree in the M.E. Church.  A large attendance on the occasion.  In Shiffletts Hollow, Shifflett killed his brother Shifflett.\"","Christmas Day: \"a ladder at the Methodist Church with presents for the children.\"[This must have been a structure erected for the children's presents].","December 30, 1879:  \"Lutherans locked the Baptist out of their church this evening.\"","January 1, 1880:  \"Rev. Grennan preached in the Dunkard Church on the subject of baptism by immersion-3 times face down.\"","January 13, 1880: \"Miss Mulley Robinson gone home to Harrisonburg with mail wagon.\"","January 18, 1880: \"Preaching at 11 o'clock by Dr. John S. Martin in the M. E. Church.  Quarterly meeting.\"","January 20, 1880:  \"John Allemong elected president of our Narrow Gauge Rail Road.\"","January 21, 1880: \"A cave discovered on Blosser's Farm by Bud Peterson close to Pike about 2 ½ miles this side of Harrisonburg.\"","January 22, 1880: \"The U. B. trustees sold the church to the Baptists for $400.\"","January 24, 1880: \"Some scoundrel stopped my shop chimney up and smoked me powerful.\" ","January 28, 1880: \"One hundred cases of smallpox at Culpeper.\"","February 3, 1880: \"The organ for the M. E. Church came this evening.\" [sketch]","February 9, 1880: \"Campbell killed Smith at the Warm Springs today.\"","February 11, 1880: Rev. Grachen preached at M. E. Church.","February 23, 1880: Big fire in Bridgewater.  Destroyed Mr. Byrd's House and stable and burned the houses and out buildings of Mrs. Covington and Mrs. Arey.  $10,000 loss.","March 2, 1880:  \"The chimneys of the burnt houses were thrown down today.  M. E. Church broken into and the organ injured.\"","March 3, 1880: \"The Baltimore Conference met this morning at Front Royal, Warren County.\" ","March 4, 1880: \"Wild geese over river today near bridge.\"","March 5, 1880:  \"Mr. Ehrman the Beef man in town today settling with his customers.\"","March 6, 1880:  \"A man here today measured 6'7\" high.  He was a monster.\"","March 22, 1880:  \"John Hatfield puts a roof on Mrs. Covington's dairy.  Commenced this morning for $5.  High winds-could hardly stay on the building.\"","March 31, 1880:  \"The negroes had a fight at Lowman's stable last night.\"","April 2, 1880:  \"A great negro trial at our courthouse.  About 90 persons present.  Jos. Higgins and John Bundy paid a fine of $3.90 each for fighting at the corporation [of Bridgewater.]\"","April 28, 1880: \"George Dinkel and A. H. Smals commence making brick back of the school house.\"","May 6, 1880: \"George Jenkins wife had a child cut from her womb and saved the woman.\"","May 17, 1880:  \"Old Black Aunt Dasha died this evening about 10:00 at Miss May Areys.\"","May 23, 1880: Preaching by Rev. King.","June 3, 1880:  \"Mr. Jacobs wife and others gone to Harrisonburg to see the decorations of the soldiers graves.  A very small crowd present.\"","June 5, 1880:  \"A great Memorial Day at Winchester.  A great many persons present.\"","June 10, 1880:  \"A lawn party at Harrisonburg by the Colored People and the Colored Band attended the party.\"","June 14, 1880: \"Allemong gone to Staunton to close of female school of the M. E. C. South.\"","June 17, 1880: \"Mrs. Goldsmith buried to day in our grave yard and Brother Cunningham preached text Revelation.\"","June 19, 1880:  \"Colored Band went to Newmarket to the Cave.\"","July 2, 1880:  \"The colored people had a festival tonight at their church. Realized $7.30.\"","July 3, 1880: \"Hopewell was elected Sargent [sic] for the Corporation Bridgewater colored people.\"","July 3, 1880:  \"Colored people had another festival. Realized $10.18.\" [White lawn parties Smals mentions raise anywhere from $40-$70].","July 6, 1880: Smith stole George Milstead's watch and about ten dollars in money. [He got it back in the next day or so].[Smals records that Bridgewater had a population of 400 people in July 1880]","July 8, 1880:  \"The amount of population of the encorporation of Bridgewater is 400 white and colored.\"","July 20, 1880: \"T. P. Humphreys gone to Sunday School Convention at Valley Grove between Baltimore and Washington City.\"","July 30, 1880:  \"The Sons of Purity [colored] have a great parade today in Harrisonburg.\"","July 31, 1880:  \"The colored band gone to Pleasant Valley to a picnic.\"","August 6, 1880:  \"Rev Bush and Rev. Wolfe came down the street in a Rockaway and spindle broke and one jumped out the other fell out of the Rockaway and neither got hurt.\"","August 9, 1880:  \"Henry Hocks and T. Sheets had a fight.  Sheets struck H. Hocks with a piece of iron.  It is supposed that Hocks was in fault.\"","August 21, 1880:  \"A good many cattle and sheep gone through our town today.\"","August 22, 1880: Sabbath: \"Preaching by the Tunkards at the far end of town.\"","September 3, 1880:  \"A big watermelon trial between Joseph Nisewander and the Kerecoofs.\"","September 25, 1880:  \"The negroes had a picnic at Mt. Solon today.  The Nigger Band played for them.\"","September 30, 1880:  \"Colored People Village Camp commenced this evening in this place.  A negro show at the River schoolhouse.\"","October 1, 1880: \"Old Uncle Adam Rader has come over to our town at the age of 90 years old.\"","Octpber 19, 1880: \"A big show in Harrisonburg today, a great many persons present.  Some drunk and some sober.\" [sketch of circus tent]","November 11, 1880:  \"Peter Miller gone to West Va. on a preaching ture [sic] today.\"","November 29, 1880: \"I  H. Smals killed my hog today.\"","December 1, 1880: \"Some scoundrel cut the guts of Charley Teters horse this morning.  Mat Barber was arrested for gutting the horse, his trial comes off next Saturday in this place.\"","December 4, 1880: Mat Barber trial commence in old Town Hall. [Smals implies that others were implemented, but the trial outcome is not clear]","December 24, 1880: \"Coldest weather I ever felt or saw.\"","December 31, 1880:  \"25 degrees below zero.   Frank Erwin and Dewit Brown froze their ears stiff.\"","[A note in the back of this book says 32 snows fell in the winter of 1880-81].","January 3, 1881:  \"8 degrees below zero, wood getting very scarce.  E. B. Simpson went to Harrisonburg today with snow shoes, they are about six feet long and six inches wide.  Oh this is fearful weather, a great deal of slaying going on.\"","January 6, 1881: \"Professor Geason gave a Grand Free Exhibition of Scientific Horsemanship today and commenced a class with 20 or more pupils at $2.00 per pupil.\"","January 21, 1881: \"the horse tamer is in our town today.\"","February 6, 1881:  \"Niggers had a fight in African Church tonight.\" [Drew 3 black heads]","February 7, 1881: \"I H. Smals made a pair of boots for a Mr. Stokes that he wore for 25 years, please beat that.  There were 26 persons at the young mens prayer meeting in M.E.C. to night.\"","February 12, 1881:  Sam Williams was fined $10 and bound over the Peace for 12 months. Jos. Williams the same and Oliver Failer was fined $5 and bound over for 12 months for fighting in the African Church last Sunday in Bridgewater, VA.\"","February 17, 1881:  \"Allemony's Cattle Sale today.  His yearlings sold at $16 per head.\"","March 2, 1881: Stuart Lindsey lead union prayer meeting in M. E. Church at 5 o'clock. ","March 6, 1881: \"Mr. McNeal came to our town to see his sweet [sketch of heart] and I tell you she is very Handsome.  he lives in Hardy County.\"","March 7, 1881: \"Engineers and Simpson gone on the route of the railroad.\"  [sketch of surveyor's level]  Rev. Mr. Whisner came to Marg Areys.  A good many preachers went through our town to Harrisonburg to Conference.\"  ","March 27, 1881: Rev. Bush had his first sermon in M. E. Church.","March 28, 1881:  \"Joseph Williams taken to jail by Hopewell for fighting in Methodist Church, Colored.\"","March 29, 1881: \"Joseph Williams taken to jail for fighting in Methodist Church, colored.  The Engineers Simpson and Bell came home from their Byrds Eye Survey.\"","April 1, 1881: Preaching at M. E. Church by Rev. Deans.","April 14, 1881: \"F. K. Speck went after Uncle Adam Rader who died on the 7 of the present month at Culpeper County near Brandy Station.\" ","April 16, 1881: \"Uncle Adam Rader has been brought to this town to be buried in our grave yard this evening.\"","April 23, 1881:  Jesse Fry shot Dr. Jones cow in his wheatfield with small shot.\"\t","May 5, 1881: \"Adam Smals commence the brick church at Mossy Creek today with 6 hands.\"","May 7, 1881:  Colored people's 1st Quarterly meeting held in this place.\"","May 8, 1881: \"Preaching by Rev. Price in M. E. Church at 7 ½   oclock.  Mrs. Stickler lost 2 $5 Dollar Notes some where between the M.E. Church and home.\"","May 24, 1881: \"This is the most powerful year for Locus Blooms I ever saw.  I hope will get a good corncrop.\"","June 15, 1881:  Mr. Wm. S. Perry sold a calf 10 days old for $5.75 to Frank and Will Ervin.\"","June 21, 1881: \"Thrush Sellers finished Mrs. Covington's fence today at $8.00.\"  [sketch of  iron fence]  \"He finished a lattice fence the next day.\" [sketch of lattice fence]","July 1, 1881: \"John Carpenter Brought an Engine Thresher to Bridgewater.  Daily mail commences between Bridgewater and Stribling Springs.\"","July 2, 1881: \"Quarterly meeting commences this morning at Sangerville.  Presiding elder is I. S. Martin.  President Garfield was Shot in the City of Washington, District of Columbia.\" ","July 8, 1881:  \"A Colored Festival in Mt. Sidney today and night.  Realized $50.\"","July 13, 1881: \"Dr. Brown tapped Mrs. Showalter near Mt. Solon, 10 pints of water from her abdomen.\"  [Dr. Brown was often noted being present at births].","July 18, 1881: \"Dr. Brown had the first Roastnears in our town.\"  [sketched ear of corn] \"GrandMaster Crowder from Staunton will be with us in our lodge tonight as Odfellows.\"  [Belongs to Ancient Odfellows of Bridgewater Lodge.  Frequently writes in some kind of \"lodge code\"]","July 21, 1881:  \"The Negro Band gone 4 miles above Staunton today to a lawn party.  They get $10 for the trip.\"","July 24, 1881:  \"Mr. Looses, Mr. Hartman's, Mr. Minoss, and Mr. Allemony's cows died from eating molasses cane today.\"","July 26, 1881:  \"John Allemony's other cow is very sick.  A Negro shot himself near Mt. Solon today with a pistol accidental.\"","July 29, 1881:  \"The Colored People have a Lawn Party in our Odfellow Hall tonight and tomorrow night.\"  [Aug. 10 and 11-White lawn party held on school grounds]","August 20, 1881: \"Cora Crickenberger cut her throat and stabbed her self in the head two or three times.\"","August 23, 1881: \"This day District Conference commence 2 oclock in M. E. Church.  Preachers present.  Conference organized at 3 oclock this evening, John S. Martin in the chair, a good many preachers present and a large Lay Delegation Present.  Preaching at 8 oclock this evening by  Rev. A Weller.  Conference lasted all week.\"","August 29, 1881: \"all the preachers gone home today.\"","September 2, 1881: \"Mrs. B. Kyles lamp exploded this evening but did not hurt any one.\" ","September 4, 1881: Rev. Tailor had prayer meeting at M. E. Church.","September 9, 1881:  \"A Lawn Festival held in M. E. Church lot to night, Realised about $25.\"","September 10, 1881:  \"Festival Lawn Party tonight in churchyard.  Colored People have a picknick [sic] today at their church.\"","September 20, 1881:  \"Shef Lewis and Wise fought a duel today.  Neither of them hurt.\"","September 22, 1881: \"Henry Smals I appoint you as Stuart for the Corporation of Bridgewater Council given under my hand for the sum of two Dollars for Services Commencing on the first of July 1881 and Closing July 1, 1882.\" _ M. Stickler, Mayor","September 24, 1881:  \"A Lawn Party at Mt. Solon by the colored people.\"","September 25, 1881: Rev. Hildebrand preached at M. E. Church.","October 1, 1881:  \"Colored band gone out to play for a picknick near Pleasant Valley in Rockingham County.\"","October 5, 1881:  \"James Clary open his Degarian [?] Saloon at Robert Funks.\"","October 6-7, 1881:  \"Colored at Allemony's this evening at 8:00. . . .Colored meeting still going on in this town.\"","November 13, 1881: \"Mrs. Arey came home today. Sabbath morning class at the usual hour 9 oclock, Sabbath school at 2 ½  oclock.  Prayer meeting at M. E. Church 7 oclock.\"","November 18, 1881: \"Clear and Warm. A Great Republican procession in Harrisonburg to night, Governor Walker came to our town.\"","November 19, 1881:  \"Rev Perrys children all have the Hooping Cough.  Some of them very poorly tonight.\"","November 20, 1881: \"Preaching at 11 oclock by Rev Hildebrand.\"","November 21, 1881: Court Day.   \"Professor Steel commence his Wrighting School today.\"  [sketch of quill] \"N. Marion Miller gone to Het Smals to do sowing for them.\"","November 22, 1881: Cloudy and cool.  \"Stuart Lindsay has gone to Monterey to see his sick wife.\"","November 27, 1881: \"No preaching in town today.  Mrs. J Lindsey and T Lindsey came from Monterey this evening.  Stuart Lindseys wife some better.\"","December 1, 1881: \"Dr. T. H. Brown gone to Moorefield Hardy County to see his daughter Verdie Mcneal [McNeil]…  Mr. Jos Byrd move to his new house today.\"  [sketch of 2 story house with 2 chimneys, Smals sketches of houses that people bought and sold often show details which were probably characteristic to the particular house] ","December 4, 1881: Preaching at 11 o'clock by Rev. Bush.","December 6, 1881: \"Stuart Lindseys wife some better.\"","December 10, 1881: \"P. Miller gone to Broadway to see about the schoolhouse to be built here or at Broadway.\"","December 11, 1881: \"No preaching in town today.\"","December 12, 1881: \"Cloudy and threaten for snow cold weather.\"","December 14, 1881: \"Snowed through the night one inch in depth.\" [drew a one inch purple line]","December 16, 1881: \"Stuart Lindsey and wife came home from her Father's at Monterey, She is right peart.\"","December 25, 1881: Sabbath morning clear and cold this is Christmas Day. Prayer Meeting at 5 oclock, Class meeting at 9 oclock , No preaching at 11 oclock, Sabbath school at 2 oclock, Preaching at 6 ½  oclock by Rev D. Bush.","December 26, 1881: \"Professor Hull commenced his singing school today.\"","December 27, 1881: \"Peter Miller is receiving contribution of the German Baptist Formal School to be established at this place.\"","December 28, 1881: Clear and warm.  \"the Baptist members are moving their church back 6 feet today. D. John Allemong sick.\"","January 4, 1882: \"John Allemong very sick.  Allemong has Nierulalgia of the Bowels.  8 inches of snow.\" ","January 5, 1882: \"Allemong no better.\"","January 6, 1882: \"J.W. F. Allemong no better\"","January 10, 1882: \"Street Lamps made for the Corporation, they will be put in a short time.\"  [sketch of lamp]","January 11, 1882: \"John W. F. Allemong some better.\"","January 17, 1882: \"Allemong still improving, able to get up and be shaved.\"","January 18, 1882: \"the Ladies are holding a Missionary metng this afternoon in M. E. Church at 3 ½ oclock.\"","January 20, 1882: \"John W. F. Allemong improving very fast\"","January 24, 1882: \"Allemong has gotten well\"","January 27, 1882: Jury brought in a verdict, that Guitttoes [sic] committed Murder in first Degree for killing President Garfield.\"","February 2, 1882:  \"groundhog day: He saw his shadow.\"  [Smals drew a sketch of a ground hog every year, but his drawings resembled a cat more than a ground hog]  \"Allemong hauling ice from Factory and Robert Wrights Ponds.\"","February 10, 1882: \"Charley Schenk fell in the Creek\"","February 12, 1882: Preaching at 11 oclock by Rev. Hildebrand.","February 15, 1882:  \"Miss Ryan buried in our graveyard today at 3 oclock   Funeral preached by Rev Hildebrand.\"","February 17, 1882:  \"Oyster supper this evening for the Benefit of the M. E. Church, realized $21.50 Dollars.  John Allemong Enlarged his office to day.\"","February 18, 1882:  \"Adjourned Quarterly meeting met in Allemong's Office today.  Oyster supper this evening for the Benefit of the M. E. Church.  Realized [?]  Dollars.\"","February 19, 1882: \"Preaching by Rev Rosebrow in M. E. Church at 7 oclock.  Mrs. McNeil of Hardy County Dr. Browns Daughter had a son born today at Dr. Browns.\"","February 21, 1882: \"Uncommon windy and Storm and uncommon muddy…  Rev. Kinzer came to our town today.\"","February 22, 1882: \"Rev. Kinzer preached for us.  Click Miller, Ad Hollum, Walter Davis and John Allemong bought the wood factory and Foundrey for the sum of $9000 Dollars.\"","February 25, 1882: \"A Great many Deprecations acted tonight by the Boys, Shooting, Cursing, Swearing and being Drunk.\" ","February 26, 1882: \"Preaching in M.E. Church by Rev Bush and Sacrament of the Lords Supper.  Hopewell shot a chicken for Salley Fitchew.  Laurence fired a pistol also on the Sabbath.\"","March 2, 1882: \"Queen Victoria was shot and mist her.\"","March 6, 1882: \"Preachers all fixing to go to Conference.\"","March 8, 1882: \"Sheets sold his Hartman Lot and house to J. W. F. Allemong for the sum of $200 dollars.\"","March 14, 1882: \"Stuart Lindseys wife very poorly.\"","March 16, 1882:  \"Rev. Hildebrand came back from Conference today to our town.\"","March 17, 1882: \"Joseph Attaffer died this morning at 1 oclock.\"","March 18, 1882: \"Saturday morning cloudy sleet and Rain  Rained all day long,   Joseph Attaffer buried today.\"","March 22, 1882: \"Dog bit Eugene Ervin in the hand this morning very badly.\"","March 26, 1882: \"David Bush preached.\"","April 2, 1882: Rev. Whitescarver preached.","April 7, 1882: \"Widow John Arey died this morning.\"","April 16, 1882: \"Preaching by Rev. Tailor at Barbees Office.\"","April 17, 1882: \"Jacob Wynant's Horse Run off.  It went home and never Broke his Buggy.\" ","April 20, 1882: \"Joseph Beery Hung himself in his grainery this morning about 5 oclock on Linville Creek the cause not known. Jack Thuma killed a large loon.\"  [sketch]  [Smals wrote of at least four horse-runoff episodes during April].","April 24, 1882: \"Mrs. Stuart Lindsey Died at Jacob Lindseys House…\"","May 4, 1882: \"The smallest Baby Born to day in the world some where in the north, it weighed 8 ounces and was perfect child.\"","May 5, 1882: \"The Mossy Creek folks settled with Allemong to day for the church.\"","May 6, 1882: \"A waggon Run over G. Claude Smals to day and Did not Break any of his Limbs.\"","May 11, 1882: \"The Presbyterian Church was dedicated to Day.\"","May 18, 1882: \"A fish and meat house opened here to day.\"","May 28, 1882: \"Rev. Armstrong preached the Dedicatory sermon for the Mt. Solon Church to day and Realized money enough to the pay the Deposit on the Church which was $300.\" ","June 6, 1882: \"Jack Dooms finished the Parsonage House today.\"","June 15, 1882: \"Jack Dooms finished the Parsonage Stable today.\"","June 18, 1882: Rev. Bush preached. ","June 19, 1882: \"Isac Marshall Bought a Cow of Mr. Brown for a price of $45.00   She is a full Jersey.\"","July 24, 1882: \"11 Wagons went through town for Blackberries to Parnassus, 50 bushels to town\"","August 1, 1882: \"A new Barbershop by Barber and John Collbert commenced to day.\"","August 8, 1882: \"I H. Smals had the pleasure of shaving Francis O'ferell the Colonels Brother from Minnesota, he came to our town to see his Mother.\"","August 17, 1882: Commenced laying Brick on the Bank to day.\"","September 9, 1882: \"Overseer of the Poor took Peachy Hoak to the Poorhouse to day\"","September 12, 1882: \"I H. Smals was Disfranchised as Sexton and P. Hartman was put in my place.\"\n[This undoubtedly pertains to the Methodist Church]. ","September 14, 1882: \"Scaffold at Bank fell and hurt 3.\"","September 23, 1882: \"Meinars Jim Dog died to day.\"","October 2, 1882: \"the Great Comet made its appearance this morning in the East.\"","October 4, 1882: \"H. Dice sold a lot to Casper Earheart for $100, 1 ¼ acre.  Thrush Sellers Bilds Mrs. Williams a house for $600 on High Street.\"","October 22, 1882: Preaching by Rev. Hildebrand.","October 23, 1882: \"Humphreys Loose got his new engine this evening, it cost about $1200.\"","December 25, 1882: \"Jack Higgins and Jack Jones were tried and convicted for stealing and sent to jail.\"","December 26, 1882: \"A Christmas tree for benefit of the Sabbath School Children.  Speech from Rev. D. Bush.\"  [sketch of Christmas Arch]Jan 24: \"Old Brother John Altaffer Died in this Place this evening about 4 oclock at age of 84 ½  years old, he has been a Methodist for 65 year and over.\" [Commemorated in stained glass window in Bridgewater United Methodist Church.]","January 26, 1883: Rev Bush preached Altaffer's funeral.","April 6, 1883: \"Our young Preacher Waters came to town this evening from Maeraland [Maryland].\"","June 1, 1883:  \"Colored boy died of scarlet fever [age 16] and buried in colored graveyard.\"","June 24, 1883: Dr. Folensher preached.","June 25, 1883:  \"A great many persons harvesting today-wheat very good.\"","June 30, 1883:  \"Burn and Elam fought a duel near Wainsborough.  Elam got a flesh wound; the other was not touched.\"","July 1, 1883: Preaching by Rev. Waters","July 8, 1883:  \"Our choir sung for the colored people today at 11:00.  Rev. B. Smith preached-a colored man.\" [Sunday]","July 11, 1883: \"The Wizard men came to our town this evening and will stay until next Sabbath.\"","July 12, 1883: \"Mr. Allemong and family gone to White Sulphur Springs to stay for 3 weeks.\"","July 14, 1883:   Talks about a \"wizard man\" being in town for the week selling medicine.","July 25, 1883: \"Hanger and wife joined the M.E. Church to night.\"","July 29, 1883: Henry Smals granddaughter Sallie Miller married Samuel Boselmen.","August 4, 1883: \"My Birth day.  I H. Smals was born on the 4 August 1810 Saturday in afternoon at 3 oclock near the head of Muddy Creek about 2 miles of the head of Linville Creek and Bowmans Mill.\"","August 20, 1883:  \"George E. Dunnell killed a Negro.  Shot him in self-defense.\"","September 20, 1883:  \"Mr. George Murry's ondley daughter [age 11] got killed at a cane mill.  The shaft caught her clothes and thread her around and beat her head soft.\"","November 8, 1883: \"Dr. Brown and Robert Whitescarver have a Quarrel in our Shop this morning, but Did not come to blows.\"","November 12, 1883: \"Dock Van Pelt moved to Sangersville, he has moved 18 times in 6 years.\"","December 28, 1883:  \"A black man from Rockbridge County came to our town and married Black Maria Huldey yesterday in the African Church.\"","December 31, 1883:  \"Watch meting to night in M. E. Church. Oyster supper by the colored people in Odfellows Hall.\"","January 1, 1884:  \"Oyster supper by the Odfellows tonight in Odfellows Hall.  Everybody invited. Uncommonly cold; scarlet fever very bad in the area; ice 6\" frozen.\"","February 4, 1884:  \"Mrs. Young was laying out a woman who had died and got some gastric juices on a sore on her hand and now suffers very much in consequence of it.\" [She was sick for about a week; Smals doesn't mention her after that.]","February 26, 1884: \"Dr. Jones Drugstore caught on fire and burt up all his drugs and medcane [sic].  Did not burn the store house.\" ","May 11, 1884:  \"Colored people had their first Quarterly meeting at this place today.\"","May 24, 1884:  \"William Fishback and a black man had a fight.  Fishback struck the negro in the head with a rock and Fishback had to pay a fine and cost which was $4.45.\"","May 31, 1884:  A great \"bass ball\" game.  Bridgewater 28 Harrisonburg 25 and 2 whitewashes.","June 11, 1884:  \"David Hooks whipped his sister with a yardstick this morning and left marks on her boddie.\"","June 13, 1884:  \"Brady and Wine killed their first beef this evening.  Going to butcher all summer.\"","June 15, 1884 : \"Lighting struck Rev. Raley [Lutheran] near Mt. Crawford and knocked his horse down but did not kill either of them.\"","June 18, 1884: \"All the presses and other tools to Bridgewater this evening to make cigars.\" [sketch of cigar]","July 19, 1884:  \"Nute Fry commenced butchering and selling beef in Bridgewater this morning.\"","August 1884:  [Several mentions of a cigar/tobacco factory.]","August 6, 1884: \"Old Jimmie Coakley, colored, died today near Rushville at the age of 110 years old.\"","August 10, 1884: \"Sabbath Morning, Warm Cloudy.  Rained some last night.  This is Childrens Day with the M.E.C.S.  The collection amounted to 10 dollars.  Preaching by Rev. Waters at 11 oclock.  Exercises at 2 oclock, also at night.\" ","August 16, 1884: \"Professor Hoover and Professor Hulvey came to our town.  Spoke in the Old Town Hall as Democrats.\"\n[At this time Rev. Campbell was preaching in the Lutheran Church and Rev. Clark in the Baptist Church.  Smals usually mentioned the services in Lutheran and Baptist Churches].","August 30, 1884:  Cigar boys played and beat Bridgewater boys in baseball.","September 3, 1884: \"Uncle Jake Hesberger raised a watermelon that weighed 47 ¾ pounds.\" ","September 7, 1884: Rev. Linch preached in M.E.C.S Church.","September 13, 1884: \"A fellow going to walk on a Rope started from J. Dinkles to the top of the old Tavern.\"","September 20, 1884:  \"The colored people have a local Preachers Convention here-will continue over Sunday.\"","September 21, 1884:  \"Preaching at colored church by colored preacher.  Fifteen local preachers present at the Convention.  Large crowd of colored people present.  Collected $30.\"","September 22, 1884: \"Jacob Bierly and son were killed in the well by foul air.\" ","October 5, 1884: Rev. Ross preaching at M. E. C. ","November 1, 1884: \"Mrs. Showalter Beat a little child today Black and Blue.  She was arrested and had her trial.  Paid the Corporation $5.00 and $25.00 to the County Court.\"","December 6, 1884:  \"A negro shot another negro in Harrisonburg last night.  He was caught and lodged in jail to await trial.\" ","December 25, 1884: Thursday Morning Clear.  \"Very cold this Christmas Day, Plenty of ice on the River   Boys skating and shooting.\"","December 26, 1884: \"I H. Smals Eat a fine Dinner at George Hangers.\"","December 27, 1884: \"Oyster supper to night by the Masons at Will Areys.\" ","January 12, 1885: \"The Cigar Boys commence making cigars today.\"  [Smals makes frequent  references to the \"cigar boys\" working in the cigar factory in Bridgewater]","January 18, 1885: \"Old Mr. Hailman fell through the Bridge and Caught himself before he got to the water.\" [Smals had been writing regularly of work on the bridge]","January 24, 1885: \"William H. Grove finished the Bridge today.  Got $56 for his 16 days work.\"   ","February 21, 1885: \"21 below zero.\"","March 11, 1885:  \"Nuten Smals came here from Hampshire County.  Brown Smals and Thomas Smals came to my house to day from Berkley County near Williamsport W.Va. to purchase cattle.\"","March 18, 1885: \"Our Preachers have come from Conference to day.  Rev Dice the Presiding Elder and Rev Lynch and Prettiman [Prettyman] the Senior and Junior Preacher for one Year.\"","March 21, 1885: \"Dam frozen over to night, never was known to freeze over in March before.\"","March 22, 1885: Preaching by Rev. Reade [Reid?]","March 24, 1885: \"Old Miller Areys sale today on Muddy Creek.\"","March 25, 1885: \"Hales engine went through our town this morning.\"","March 27, 1885: \"A Degarion [?] car came to town today.\" [sketch of train car, maybe an early photo studio?]","March 28, 1885: \"The dogs killed a parse of sheep for John Allemong this morning. John Allemong discharged 6 of his cigar men.  Only 4 rollers left and 2 packers.\"","April 3, 1885: [Good Friday.]  \"This is the day our Savior was crucified nearly 1900 years ago.\" [sketch of cross]  ","April 10, 1885:  \"The old Brick Shop that I Built 1840, 44 years ago, they are taring down to Build Drivers House.\"","April 12, 1885: \"Bettie Brown joined the M. E. Church South.\"","April 16, 1885: \"John Fisher rented the Lower Room of the Odd Fellows for the sum of  Two Dollars per month…\"","April 18, 1885: \"The first Quarterly Conference held in this place.   Presiding Elder present and both of the preachers on the Sircuit present and a good many of the Official Body present.  Brother Lynch gone to Spring Hill to hold a Quarterly meeting for the presiding Elders.  Brother Prettyman preached at night at 7 ½  oclock.\"  ","April 21, 1885:  \"Burk Sellers cow had twin calves.\"","April 22, 1885: Moses Stickler had been recommended as Post Master in Bridgewater.","April 26, 1885:  \"Two bysicles in our town.  Came from Harrisonburg in 52 minutes.\"","April 28, 1885:  \"J.W.S. commenced getting new milk of Mrs. Jenkins today at 6 cents per quart.\"","May 6, 1885:  \"Dinkel hired a bisicle in Harrisonburg to learn to ride on.\"","May 15, 1885: \"My Daughter Annie Died to night at 10 oclock.  She was 42 years and some month old.\" ","May 20, 1885: \"Richard Berlin put a whistle on his engine today.\"","June 8, 1885: \"Shifflett stabbedd Riddle 2 times in the side.  The one stab is supposed to be fatal.\"","June 13, 1885:  \"Dr. Johnson's cow had 2 calves this morning.\"","July 1, 1885:  Post Office opened and first day of mail service in Bridgewater area.  Carriers going to Stribling Springs and Harrisonburg.","July 24, 1885:  \"2 Negroes broke open wines at Funkhouser store and stole 2 suit of clothing, coffee and sugar, and other articles. A black woman found under a hay stack with her throat cut from ear to ear in Augusta County, VA.\"","August 7, 1885:  \"Colored people had a Festival tonight at the Old Town Hall\" [3 sketches of black heads].","August 8. 1885:  \"Colored people continue their festival tonight.  Colored people have a Quarterly meeting on Crawford's farm today and tomorrow.\"","March 8, 1886:  \"The Colored Minstrel Singers came to our town today and sing tonight in the M.E. Church.  Colored in this town a perfect Humbug.\"","April 15, 1886:  \"The colored Preacher came here on his circuit today.\"","May 7, 1886:  Notes marriage of 2 coloreds with a squiggly circle drawing.  \"Wm. Branson to Allace Brookins\"","May 26, 1886:  \"Charley Stuart moved in Berlintown in Joseph Nielwanders house.  He is a colored man.\" [sketch of black man's head].","June 1, 1886:  \"Mat Barber's child buried today in the Colored Graveyard in this town today at 11 o'clock.  Colored boy Joseph Riggle came to our town today to work in the factory.\"","June 11, 1886:  \"John Wine's wife had twins and two days afterward his cow had twin calves.\" [sketch of twin calves]","June 14, 1886:  \"The Colored people have a Picknick tonight for the benefit of their Preacher.\"","Summer of 1886:  Talks a lot about farmers harvesting their wheat all over and in July \"people are thrashing all over.\"  ","August 1, 1886:  \"The Colored People had a Bush meeting near Mt. Crawford.\"","August 2, 1886:  \"A great show at the African church tonight by the colored folks.\"  [Pasted a picture of black musicians surrounded by violins, banjos and other instruments]","August 30, 1886:  \"Jackson Doomer's cow died this morning.\"","September 4, 1886:  \"Another bucher shop opened near Allemony's store.\"","September 18, 1886:  \"Mr. Isaac Marshall weighed his big hog today at 705 pounds.\"","October 16, 1886:  \"Colored Quarterly meeting commenced today in Bridgewater.\"","October 19, 1886:  \"Henry Dice and Frank Irvin came home from Pokehunters to bring his cattle home.\"","November 22, 1886:  \"Sanger Brothers started a Creamery today in Bridgewater.\"  ","February 15, 1887:  Josie Wise, colored, buried in the Colored Graveyard today at 11 o'clock.  A great many colored persons present.\"  ","On speech:  [Smals spells the railroad president's name \"Auther Vandabilt\"]","On blacks:  [Frequently mentions when they are born, married, and died and usually draws head sketches.]","On travel:  [In 1877 a trip to Harrisonburg took 4 hours.]"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_8d4b0f6af460a047d246ff4686ce4549\"\u003eThe Henry Smals Diaries, 1871-1891, consist of three boxes containing eighteen volumes of diaries written by Henry Smals of Bridgewater, Virginia. The topics of diary entries are brief outlining day-to-day activities. A folder, located in Box 3, contains a partial index and a list of highlights for most volumes as well as an ad for \"Henry Smals, Fashionable Barber! Main Street, Bridgewater, Va.\"\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Henry Smals Diaries, 1871-1891, consist of three boxes containing eighteen volumes of diaries written by Henry Smals of Bridgewater, Virginia. The topics of diary entries are brief outlining day-to-day activities. A folder, located in Box 3, contains a partial index and a list of highlights for most volumes as well as an ad for \"Henry Smals, Fashionable Barber! Main Street, Bridgewater, Va.\""],"names_coll_ssim":["Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society","Smalls family","Smals, Henry, 1810-1892"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society","Smalls family","Smals, Henry, 1810-1892","Hotchkiss, Jedediah, 1828-1899"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society"],"famname_ssim":["Smalls family"],"persname_ssim":["Smals, Henry, 1810-1892","Hotchkiss, Jedediah, 1828-1899"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":19,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:20:27.499Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_250","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_250","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_250","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_250","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_250.xml","title_ssm":["Henry Smals Diaries"],"title_tesim":["Henry Smals Diaries"],"unitdate_ssm":["1871-1891"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1871-1891"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0096","/repositories/4/resources/250"],"text":["SC 0096","/repositories/4/resources/250","Henry Smals Diaries","Virginia -- History, Local -- Genealogy","Bridgewater (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Bridgewater (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Bridgewater (Va.) -- Economic customs -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Shoemakers -- Virginia -- Biography","African Americans -- Virginia -- History -- 19th century","Shoemakers -- Virginia -- History -- 19th century","Diaries","Weather diaries","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The diaries are arranged chronologically where possible, but due to variations in size are physically housed as follows in the Contents List. Volume 14 is filed in a separate container.","United States Census Office, 7th census. 1850 U.S. Census, Rockingham County, Virginia. Wichita, Ks.: S-K Publications, 1987.","Henry Smals (1810-1892) is listed in the 1850 Rockingham County Census as a shoemaker with real estate value of $1,000 with a wife, Mary, and six children. There is an entry for Henry Smalts in the 1860 census and for Henry Smalls in the 1870 census that gives additional household details. He may also have been a barber sometime during the 1880s (ses Box 3, Folder 4). His surname appears as a variation of Smalz and Smaltz as well.","The collection of diaries was first presented to George M. Hanger by Smals' grandson, Gal Miller, in 1910. The diaries were then given to George P. Furry in 1920, Edwina Furry in 1970, and Dorothy Merriefield in 1983.","The diaries appear to have been rebound, perhaps several times, and some volumes have sections in them that are not in chronological order. In some places the ink has faded to illegibility. In the fall of 2002 and 2003, Peggy Dillard and Ken Hinkle respectively created partial indices for the Smals diaries. The entries transcribed as part of these partial indices are included under each diary's scope and content note. ","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 2059 .","The Henry Smals Papers, 1871-1891, consist of three boxes containing eighteen volumes of diaries written by Henry Smals of Bridgewater, Virginia. The topics of diary entries are brief outlining day-to-day activities. There are mentions of acquaintances that are ill, various business transactions conducted in town, the movement of livestock, and hay through town, ongoing town projects, church activities, marriages, births, deaths, and other details of town life. The activities of \"colored people\" are occasionally noted. Throughout the diaries, Smals made small drawings of people and animals and added illustrations clipped from newspapers. A folder, located in Box 3, contains printed copies of a partial index and a list of highlights for most volumes as well as an ad for \"Henry Smals, Fashionable Barber! Main Street, Bridgewater, Va.\"","July 9, 1871: Rev. Holland preached.","July 28, 1871: \"Negro procession burying a black man, 27 numbers.\"","August 11, 1871: \"Ingenears [sic] at work from Harrisonburg to Bridgewater.\"  [sketch of surveyor's transit]","August 17, 1871: \"Eingenears [sic] leveling the road through town.\"","October 10, 1871: [Described Chicago Fire giving damage figures and drew a sketch]","November 8, 1871: A man was fined.","March 31, 1872: \"Charley Clark got his leg broke by the kick of a horse in the street near the Methodist Church.\" Rev. Engel [J.J.Eagle] was preaching at Mossy Creek ","April 22, 1872:\"Poor Peter Swisher, black, in  town from the Poor House ","April 28, 1872: \"class as usual at Lutheran Church\" ","May 4, 1872: Preaching by Rev. Whitscarver at 3pm ","May 8, 1872: \"A Drove of cattle went through town today to West Virginia to graze.\" [sketch of cow skull] \"A Load of corn to Staunton.\" [ear of corn sketch][during this period time small pox [drew symbolic dots] was raging at Tenth Legion and there is reference ot Tobias Swartz making barrels [sketch of barrel]]","May 27, 1872: \"A Cow ate up a pocket book for Harry Soule with $140 in the book.","May 31, 1872: \"Negro riot at Mrs. Woodleys.\"","June 1872: \"Glade as dry as we had seen in 40 years.\"","June 23, 1872: \"No class today, our church is under repairs. Prayer meeting at Lutheran Church","July 13, 1872:  \"Black Peter and Black Tond [sp?] came here from the Poor House for a Quarterly meeting.\"","July 14, 1872:  \"A great many Black persons at their meeting at the orchard of Mrs. Brown's. Sabbath Morning.  - \"Preaching by Reverend Engel [Eagle].  Rev. Whitescarver preached in the Methodist Church.  A very small congregation today.\"","August 4, 1872: [Henry Smals birthday.]","August 5, 1872: \"Some Scoundrels went in T. Hites watermelon lot and cut and stole all his watermelons.\"","August 17, 1872:  \"2 droves of Fat Cattle went through our town today . . . Another drove of cattle and a drove of sheep.  Another drove of cattle.\"","August 23, 1872: \"A camp meeting commence at Lacey Springs for the United Brethren in Christ.\" ","August 28, 1872:  \"A company of Gipseys went through our town.\"","September 2, 1872:  \"Two droves of cattle went through our town.\"","September 3, 1872: \"Greely Club meeting this evening.\"","September 4, 1872: \"25 wells gone dry.\"","September 5, 1872: \"load of crocks from Mt. Sidney.\"","September 7, 1872:  \"Negro picnic at Mt. Solon today at 11 o'clock.\" [5 black heads drawn]","September 14, 1872:  \"A drove of cattle very fat came through our town today. Reverend Perry killed 23 squirrels.\"","September 21, 1872:  \"A drove of sheep from Hiland came through our town  . . . A drove of cattle went through our town.\"","September 22, 1872: \"A large crowd  at the M. E. Church South.\"","September 24, 1872:  \"Joseph Byrd and Squire Whitsearver gone to try a Negro.  He is a lunatick.\"","September 28, 1872:  \"Negro picnic in the woods near the town.\"","October 4, 1872:  \"A blind Negro playing on harp for a living . . . A Negro show in our town this evening at 8 o'clock.\"","October 11, 1872:  \"2 beaves killed this evening in our town.\"","October 15, 1872:  \"A drove of sheep, a drove of cattle went through our town today.\"","November 8, 1872:  \"1 drove of cattle went through our town to Faquire County.\"","November 14, 1872:  \"Horse disease [Epizooty] made its appearance in our midst.  No fatal cases reported as yet.  Chicken cholera also prevailing.  The Devil has been at loose among the stock, poultry, etc.\"","November 25, 1872:  \"A large drove of cattle went through our town today.\"Dec. 11, 1872:  [Writes in German.]","December 22, 1872:  \"Class at usual hour 9 o'clock, Sabbath School at 2 o'clock. Singing after class.  Also singing at 6 ½ o'clock, Closed singing a 8 o'clock.\"","December 30, 1872:  \"Sinclair Lewis came to town this evening.\"","December 31, 1872:  \"Mr. Mason, Superintendent of Poor House, in town today.\"","February 7, 1873:  \"Black people all gone to the railroad from Bridgewater.\"","March 8, 1873:  \"2 droves of cattle and 2 droves of sheep went through our town this evening. . .  The black presiding elder's name is Harst.\"","March 9, 1873: \"Singing by Professor Wartman at 10 o'clock.\"","March 10, 1873:  \"All the black boys from Bridgewater went to the railroad.\"","March 26, 1873:  \"A drove of cattle and hogs went through out town today-up the country.\"","March 27, 1873:  \"All the colored people gone to the railroad.\"","April 22, 1873 : \"There are 11 preachers in town.\"","April 27, 1873: \"Baptism by Immersion in the River near the Bridge.\"","May 12, 1873:  \"A drove of cattle went through our town to the mountains.\"","May 15, 1873:  \"A drove of cattle gone through our town to the mountains.\"","May 18, 1873: \"Hattie Dinkel and Frank Perry baptized.\"","May 28, 1873:  \"Shifflet killed a black man dead in his tracks on the railroad between Sangersville and Harrisonburg.\"","June-August, 1873:[A lot of talk about many people being in town looking for work on the railroad and how much work was being done; a lot of railroad business.]","June 22, 1873: \"Preaching by Reverend Nihiser.\"","August 27, 1873: [District Conference commenced in Mt. Crawford.]","August 31 1873,-  \"Preaching at M.E.C.S by Reverend Waugh.\"","September 6, 1873:  \"Negroes have a Sabbath school picnic this evening.\"","September 20, 1873:  \"1 Drove of fat cattle gone through our town.\"","October 1, 1873:  \"Wages on the NGR Road is cut down to $1.25 per day and board themselves.  Negroes would not work for that price.\"","October 2, 1873:  \"A great stampede with the Negroes striking for higher wages or work on the whole line on the Narrow Gauge RR.  A great many Negroes gone to Staunton.\"","October 3, 1873:  \"A great many Negroes in town today looking for work.\"","October 5, 1873 - Reverend Weddell was to preach in Temperance Hall.","November 1, 1873:  \"A large drove of cattle came through our town.\"","November 15, 1873:  \"Negro Fair today at their schoolhouse on the bank of the river.\"","November 24, 1873:  \"Joseph Williams shot a negroman a convict from the penitentiary but did not kill him.\"","December 12, 1873: \"Dr. McMarren came to our town to open a drug store.\" [mortar and pestle sketch]","December 16, 1873:  \"Finished work on the Broad Gauge RR this evening.\"","December 28, 1873: \" Preaching by a Northern Methodist.\"","December 29, 1873:  \"A Negro frolick in our town tonight in the Odd fellows Hall lower room.\"","January 1, 1874: \"John Allemong and Mack Aden leased the Band Mill of  George Berlin for 3 years.\"","January 3, 1874:  \"A drove of cattle went through our town today.  2 droves more cattle went through our town.\"","January 4, 1874:  \"Preaching at Brethren Church by Rev Nihiser.  Prayer  mtg. 6 ½  o'clock in M. E. C. S.\"","January 11, 1874:  Sabbath morning   clear cool   class at the usual hour of 9 oclock   Preaching by Rev. Mr. Engel [Eagle]  Sabbath School at 2 oclock   Preaching by Rev. Whitescarver [Baptist?]   Also Rev Mr. Weddell at 3 ½ oclock  Rev Mr. Stuart preached at M. E. C. S. at 6 ½ oclock","January 17, 1874:  \"A drove of very fat cattle went through our town today.\"","February 1, 1874:  \"Singing by Professor Bucher at 11 o'clock.  Black Liz had a child and carried it to the stable, child had a bunch of straw crammed in its mouth, found dead.\"","February 13, 1874:  \"A drove of cattle came through our town.  1 drove of hogs went through our town today.\"","February 17, 1874:  \"A large drove of cattle went through our town today.\"","February 22, 1874: \"Sabbath Morning.  Class at the usual hour at 9 o'clock.  Preaching by Rev. Mr. Engel [Eagle].  Sabbath School at 2 o'clock.  Preaching at 3 ½ o'clock by Rev. Mr. Whitscarver.   Prayer meeting at the usual hour 6 ½ o'clock.  Very warm  mercury up to 82 degrees.\"","February 26, 1874: Two houses and lots were sold in Bridgewater for $375 each.  [Smals always drew a house when one was sold and when people moved to another house].","March 8, 1874: \"The old Methodist Church in Mt. Crawford Blown Down by wind today.\"","March 13, 1874: \"Rev Engel [Eagle] came home from Conference this morning.\"","April 11, 1874:  \"A drove of cattle gone through our town to the mountains. Lovefeast at 9 o'clock.  Preaching at 11 by John H. Marten.\" ","May 18, 1874:  \"Charley Hottle and Jack Higgins were arrested for stealing a large iron pot of Davie Danner and put in the calaboose for 3 hours and there whipped on the bare back, Charley 8 lashes and Jack 4.\"  [Doesn't say if these two were black or white.]","June 4, 1874:  \"This is Pention [sic] Day for the soldiers of the war.\"","June 9, 1874:  \"A great many persons in our town today for flowers for the soldiers graves.\"","June 10, 1874:  \"This is Memorial Day in Harrisonburg of Confederate Soldiers graves.\"","June 16, 1874:  \"A Negro strike on the Railroad today.\"","June 18, 1874:  \"President of NGRR and chief engineer in town today.\"","July 25, 1874:  \"Quarterly meeting commenced today by the Colored People in Bridgewater.\"","July 25, 1874: \"The Normal Professors and Scholars gone on the Round Hill, a pleasure trip.\"","August 15, 1874: \"Professors and Boys had a fine game of Bass Ball this afternoon.\"","October 2, 1874:  \"Colonel Osburn gone home and I suppose that is the end of the Broad Gauge RR.\"","November 2, 1874: \"Adam Rader butchering today.\" [Adam Rader was the first mayor of Bridgewater, Virginia and organized the first Methodist church in that town in 1841.  He is commemorated in a stained glass window in the Bridgewater United Methodist Church].","December 4, 1874:  \"This is Pention [sic] Day of the Soldiers of the War.\"","December 13, 1874: \"Rev Haines buried in Port Republic. Requested that all people who had heard him preach come to see him buried.\"","December 28, 1874:  \"Negro frolick in our town tonight.\"","March 1, 1875: \"The Sivil [sic] Rights Bill passed both houses.  Nigger can look to have his head broke.\"","April 28, 1875: \"Dick Rogers killed 1 loon and 1 Night Heron.\" [accurate sketches of both birds]","May 24, 1875:  \"A panther attacked one of Wises boys this morning on Wises.\"","May 24, 1875:  \"A panther attacked one of Wises boys this morning on Wises.\"","June 9, 1875:  \"A Negro hung near Harrisonburg for insulting a white woman today without judge or jury.\"","August 13, 1875: \"Methodist Camp Meeting commence today above Mt. Sidney.  Rev. Mauzey [Mausee] gone to attend this meeting.  Also a camp meeting near Lacey Springs commence to day held by United Brethren.\"","September 24, 1875:  \"A parsel of Negroes were blowed up on the Railroad in a cut near the Darah Coal mines.\"","September 25, 1875:  \"Severell droves of cattle, hogs and  sheep went through our town today to market.\"","October 15, 1875: [Sketch of a steam sawmill.]","January 2, 1876: Sabbath Morning.  \"A blind man by the name of Johnson addressed the Sunday School and children.\"","February 10, 1876: \"A large supper and surprise party given at Rev. Mauzeys [Mausee], about 50 in number.\"    ","February 21, 1876: \"Monday morning cloudy and rain.  This is Court Day.  A great many persons in town to day.  A great many drunk.  The Mite Society met at the Parsonage at 7 o'clock. Collected 6 dollars and some cents.  Miss Player was indited before the grand jury for killing her child by sticking scissors in its neck, seven holes.\"","March 6, 1876:  \"Great Disaster happened at the Narrow pass. Bridge broken, cars went down and killed 11 and wounded all of the crew and killed 96 cattle and tore everything to pieces.\"","March 11, 1876:  \"A Sons of Purity had a procession and fair today in Town Hall. A great many black folks present. They realized about $45 for their society.\"","March 20, 1876:  \"Black Amos gone to Montrey with his wagon with provisions for convicts.\"   [Many entries about people taking provisions to convicts.]","April 20, 1876:  \"Black Peter died at the Poor House.\"","May 3, 1876:  \"Black Charley Teter got drunk and Mr. Simpson struck him in the mouth and Charley was put in the calaboose.\"","June 10, 1876:  \"Black folks have Picnick at Mt. Sidney today.  The band is gone up to Sidney.\"","June 18, 1876: Sabbath Morning.   \"…the M. E. Church received a new library today, 125 volumes of good literature.\"","July 12, 1876: \"Old Miller Campbell drown in a barrel of water in Daton this morning.\"","August 21, 1876: \"Jedediah Hotchkiss of Staunton lectures geography of Virginia today at two o'clock.\"","August 31, 1876:  \"Convicts came off the road and gone near Rawley Springs to get out Railroad ties.\"  [Convicts now working on the RR, not blacks]","September 19, 1876: \"Adam Rader came to town today.\"","October 1, 1876: Sabbath -[Henry Smals attended Quarterly meeting at Naked Creek.]","October 24, 1876: \"4 droves of cattle came through our town.\"","November 5, 1876: Sabbath-\"John Allemong very sick\"","November 6, 1876: \"John Allemong still sick.\"","November 7, 1876:  Declares Tilden and Hendricks as elected President and VP of the country","February 4, 1877: Sunday -  \"The colored Quarterly Meeting closed this evening about 9 o'clock.\"","February 5 1877:  \"A black man the name of R. Coffman went to John Hatfields and choked John's wife and hurt her face and arm, and went in pursuit of him and caught him at James Davis and brought him to Mr. Byrds and Mr. Byrd sent him to jail for further trial.\"","February 16, 1877:  \"Negroes have a dance in the lower room in Odfellow Hall tonight.\"","March 5, 1877:  Notes inauguration day but doesn't mention names.  Perhaps he's disappointed his candidates didn't win after all.","March 16, 1877: [Smals mentions Pastors Graechen and Kinzer who were both new ministers at the M. E. Church on the Bridgewater Circuit.]","March 19, 1877:  \"The trial of the black man comes off today for an attempt of rape, was condemned to the penitentiary for 10 years.\"","January 2, 1875:  \"S. Coffman was arrested for assault and battery.\" [a black man].","April 1, 1877: \"Preaching at M. E. Church by Rev. Kinzer.\"","April 23, 1877:  \"Mr. Shifflett condemned to be hung by the neck till he is dead dead dead\"","April 25, 1877:  Shiffletts hanging to be done June 29.","June 12, 1877:\"a new engine went through our town today.\"","June 23, 1877: \"The Masons had a picknick below the bridge today.  All the Masons in town were present.\"","June 24, 1877: Sabbath morning: \"Preaching by Rev. Kinzer in M. E. Church.  Preaching in the Brethren Church at 8 o'clock in the evening.\"","June 29, 1877:  Hanging put off for further trial.","July 4, 1877:  \"This is Independence Day, great parade in Harrisonburg about 5,000 persons present.  Fine day for a celebration in Harrisonburg.  Several speeches made in the courtyard.\"","July 11, 1877:  \"Verdict brought in for Shifflett for murder in the first degree.\"","August 19, 1877: Sunday: \"About 3,000 people at a Camp Meeting in Parnassus.\"","August 24, 1877:  \"A picnic at Harrisonburg by the Negroes\"","August 25, 1877:  A white picnic at Mt. Crawford.","September 1, 1877:  \"The [traveling] Centennial closed tonight for the White People.\"","September 2, 1877: \"Preaching in M. E. Church by Rev. Graechen.\"","September 3, 1877:  \"Today Centennial opened for the Colored People.  A good crowd present.\"","September 5, 1877:  \"Several drove of cattle came through our town.\"","September 9, 1877: \"Preaching by Rev. Mausey [Mausee].\"","Wednesday, September 12, 1877: \"Rev. Roe preached in M. E. Church tonight on object of Bibles.\"","September 23, 1877: \"I [Smals] delivered an address to the Sunday School Prayer Meeting tonight.\"","September 25, 1877:  \"Mr. Shiflett was hung in Harrisonburg today about 1 o'clock.\"  [Sketch of a hangman's noose and gallows drawn]","October 3, 1877:  \"Some fine stock went through our town today.\"","November 11, 1877:  \"Boat was built to cross the river; big rope extended to both sides.\" [draws picture of rope and boat crossing the river.]","November 14, 1877: Preaching by Rev. Graechen.","November 27, 1877: \"…Jenkins nephew making boats to cross river.\"","December 8, 1877: \"A boat sank today with a load of wood on the wagon belonging to Daniel Evans, supposed to weigh 6 tons.\"","December 14, 1877:  \"Commenced the bridge.\" [drew a picture of a stone bridge].","December 17, 1877: \"Uncle Adam Rader paralyzed today.\"","December 18, 1877: Jacob Dinkel died [brother in law of Smals].","December 25, 1877:  \"Colored band has gone to Harrisonburg.\"","December 26, 1877:  White band invited to play at a party.","January 1878: [ Work continues on the bridge.]","January 22, 1878: \"Business very dull.  John Allemong put his calico down to 5 cents per yard.\"","January 26, 1878: \"Boys killed a red fox on Round Hill today.  Shot by John Keaton.\"","January 31, 1878: \"John Smith and Right Hartman had a fight today in the confectionaire [sic].\"","February 1, 1878: Rev. Graechen came to town.","February 7, 1878: \"Samuel S. Miller cut his hand in my shop.\"","February 9, 1878: \"The Dunkards made arrangements to build a church out at the woods.  Layed off the ground today.  Joe Summerlance and Tailor Sheetz had a fight at the bridge today.  Paid a fine of dollar apiece by decision of the Mayor.\"","February 13, 1878:  [Smals took sick for 2 weeks; no entries.]","March 6, 1878:\"Our annual Conference goes in session today in the City of Baltimore. Business looking up now.\"","March 7, 1878:  \"Black woman linched [sic] and hung for burning a barn.\" [drew picture of gallows]","March 19, 1878: \"Great Elocution in M. E. Church to night by Rev. Ross.  A failure. Ross sick.\"","March 22, 1878:  \"Henry Smals fell in the river today.\"","March 28, 1878:  \"Trussels finished on the bridge.\"  [Children and ladies crossed first]","April 9, 1878:  [Bridgewater Enterprise, first paper printed in Bridgewater; J.H. Smals bought the first paper off the press.]","April 12, 1878:  \"Bridge finished; first wagon and cart driven over.\"","April 30, 1878:  [Notes Dr. doing \"obstetricks\" [sic];  316 cases; lost only 1 mother.]","May 18, 1878:  \"Colored People have their first Quarterly meeting in this town.\"","May 20, 1878:  \"Commenced putting on shingles on Bridge roof today.\"","May 21, 1878:  \"Black Jack Higgins and Black Sam Williams had a fight on the road.\"","May 31, 1878: \"Peter Miller started to Baltimore to purchase stock for his factory.\"","June 3, 1878: \"John Hatfield and Gallice Miller finished the bridge today.  Gallice Miller drove the last nail.\"","June 5, 1878:  \"Commenced painting the bridge. . . . Bridge finished today.\" [Sketch of the finished bridge]","June 10, 1878: \"Presbyterians organized their church today.  Rev. Price preached in the Lutheran Church.\"  \"Spits of snow with 3 ½ inches on Mountain.\"","June 14, 1878:  \"Great decoration of soldier's graves; amount of persons present about 12,000; a good many went from Bridgewater.\"","June 20, 1878: \"Perry Meace crossed the Bridge with a steam boiler weighing 9200 pounds.\"","June 22, 1878:  \"2 Beef Wagons in town today.\"","June 23, 1878:  \"Preaching in M. E. Church today by Reverend Kinzer.  Mr. Kiracofe married to Miss McWilliams.  Some of the Negroes had a fuss in their church.\"","June 28, 1878:  \"2 hundred pounds of butter came to town today.\"","June 29, 1878:  \"A great deal of butter came to town today.\"","July 4, 1878:  \"This is Independence Day.  A fourth of July Celebration held at Edinburg today.  A good many persons gone to the celebration at Edinburg from this town.\"","July 6, 1878:  \"A big trial with the niggers for misdemeanor at their church.  Jane Bookers, Nels Lee and Addel Johnston were fined 50 cents each and cast and bound over the peace for 12 months.\"","July 19, 1878:  \"Picnic by the colored people at their schoolhouse tonight also tomorrow night.\"","July 21, 1878: Preaching by Rev. Daniel [David] Bush at Church.  \"Meeting at M. E. Church to pass a Resolution to have a festival on the 9 and 10 of August for the benefit of the M. E. Church.\"","July 25, 1878: \"Editor Delaney is taking the origin of our town from year 1826.\"  [This was apparently a history of Bridgewater].","July 27, 1878: Rev. Rosenbough at M. E. Church.","August 1, 1878:  \"A picnic of the Colored people at Coonrods Store today.  Our Colored Band went to play for them.\"","August 3, 1878: Iron safe weighing 5110 pounds installed in Bank of Bridgewater. ","August 4, 1878: [Smals birthday.  Preaching by Rev. Graechen in M. E. Church.]","August 9, 1878: Camp Meetings at Parnassus and Fort Defiance.","Sunday, August 11, 1878: \"No class today in consequence of church being out of order.\" [Repairs?]","August 20, 1878: Frank Miller got 15 years in penitentiary for stealing horses.  ","August 25, 1878: Meeting at the new Dunkard Church.","August 28, 1878: \"Dr. Brown got his printing press.\"","August 30, 1878:  \"Colored People's Camp Meeting commenced tonight near George Kerekoff's, on his land.\"","September 6, 1878:  \"A Colored man preached tonight at camp meeting near our town.\"  [The meeting closed on the 8th.]","September 20, 1878:  \"Great parade with the Negroes in Harrisonburg celebrating their freedom.\" [drew 4 black heads]","October 24, 1878: \"Rod and balls for church put on.\" [The legibility is unclear for this entry but from the accompanying sketch, it appears a lighting rod was installed on the church].","October 27, 1878: Rev. Green preached in M. E. Church.","November 3, 1878: Rev. Rosebough preached in M. E. Church.","December 1, 1878: Rev. Hat preached in M. E. Church.","December 25, 1878:  \"Colored had a fair in Town Hall.  Realized $8.\"","January 16, 1879:  \"Black Nels Lee got married to Black Allard.  Rev. Mauzy married them.\"","January 23, 1879:  \"Nels Lee moved into the house at the end of the Plank Walk.  Colored people working on their church.\"","February 15, 1879: Rev. Grachen preaching.","February 17, 1879: \"A Grand Supper gave by the Band of Bridgewater.  Cornet Band to night.\"","February 20, 1879: \"Charles Furry's wife had twins to night.\"","February 28, 1879: \"Mr. McClouds House burnt up about 11 o'clock to night.\"","March 1, 1879: \"A fine Revival going on in Harrisonburg. About 76 conversions up to this date.\"","March 5, 1879: \"Our Annual Conference goes in session at Salem, Roanoke County.\" ","March 6, 1879:  \"Commenced work again on the African church in rear of our church. George White bought 5 hogs of Mrs. Ward for $20.\"","March 8, 1879: Four day conference.  [likely M. E. Church]","March 12, 1879: Eight day conference adjourned.  Brother Kinzer returns to our Sircuit [sic] and Rev Holcomb [Homan?] moved to Jesse Frys house in our town.","March 14, 1879:  \"Negro Exhibition at old Town Hall tonight.\"","March 19, 1879: \"Dr. Brown moved his drug store to Armstrongs store room and also the printing press upstairs in Browns Store.  Samuel Miller upset his buggy and broke the top off it.\"","March 22, 1879: \"Lute Swartz killed a Sandhill Crane this morning.\" [sketch of crane]","March 30, 1879: \"Quarterly meeting going on at Crawford.\" ","April 13, 1879: \"Preaching by Kummingham [R. S Cunningham] at M. E. Church.\"","April 14, 1879: Henry Smals got sick on his way to Richmond Odd Fellows Conference.","April 29, 1879: \"A. Hollins brought a load of agricultural implements to the Old Town Hall.\"","May 10, 1879:  \"Quarterly meeting with the colored people today.  Presiding elder present.\"","May 29, 1879: \"Peter Miller's stable burnt down.  Supposed to have caught from the engine of Mr. Sheetz.\" ","June 9, 1879:  \"This is Memorial Day at Staunton to decorate the soldiers graves.  A good many persons gone from Bridgewater.\" [June 6-at Winchester-Memorial of the Dead-estimates 25,000 present]","Thursday, June 12, 1879: \"This is the day the Lawn Festival commences in church yard at M. E. Church.  No festival on account of rain.\" [sketch]","June 23, 1879: \"Willie Bradburn got his arms in the carding machine, tore off the flesh of half the arm.\" [Smals always drew a sketch of injured arms and legs]  \"about 2500 black bass put in the dam above the woolen factory.\"","June 27, 1879: \"A great many cherries in our town to day at from 11 to 20 cents per gallon.  Mr. Mefall got his buggy and harness broken near Allemongs by hoisting an umbrella, horse got frightened.\"","July 4, 1879: \"Day of Celebration in Harrisonburg, about 15,000 people present, 6 bands and 6 military companies, a powerful turnout.  98 degrees for 3 hours and one hour 100 degrees, awful dust.  It was supposed that $10,000 dollars was left in Harrisonburg today.\"","July 13, 1879: Rev. Rosbrown [?] preached.","July 21, 1879:  \"J.H. Smals at court, made 2 indictments on assault and battery, the other a rape on a small Negro child.\"","August 15, 1879:  \"Rev. Boothe, Colored preacher, in United Brethren Church tonight.\"","August 25, 1879: \"Oliver L. Rhodes made me a present of a fine hat this shape.\"  [sketch of the hat].","August 31, 1879:  \"Also dedication by the colored people of their church in our town.  Realized $72. Their presiding elder present. Had good order.\"","September 1, 1879: Rev. Cunningham had gone to District Conference at \"Wainsborough.\"  [Waynesboro]. ","September 4, 1879:  \"The first issue of the Bridgewater Journal out.\"\t","September 5, 1879: First issue of the Bridgewater Journal published.  [sketch]","September 6, 1879: Dr. Brown had gone to Rawley Springs to bottle water.   ","September 14, 1879: Rev Kemper preached in PM.","September 22, 1879:  \"This is Mansipation [sic] Day for the Negroes.\"  [Writes this in big letters and draws four black heads.]","October 2, 1879:  \"A blind black man sung in the African church this evening.\"","October 13, 1879:  \"Cars ran off the track and smashed 11 cars all to pieces, hurt a good many.\" [Smals does not tell where this happened]. ","October 28, 1879:  \"The winter meeting in the M. E. S. Church still in progress.  Herschel Young professed religion tonight\"","October 29, 1879:  \"547 cattle passed through town today.\"","November 1879-January 1880:  Mentions a lot of religious meetings and conversions.","November 2, 1879: \"56 for church service.  Protracted meeting still going on in M. E. Church.\"  [This revival continued for the first week or two of November] ","November 6, 1879:  \"Mr. Sheetz plank mill burnt down with 7,000 feet of lumber.\"","November 8, 1879: \"Several drummers in town today selling goods.\"","November 9, 1879: \"Wofered Vancant struck Joe William with a club at our church door.\"  [sketch of club with word club written on it]  \"John Myers was converted to night about 9 o'clock.\"","November 11, 1879: \"Moffett Miller, Dr. Bucher and Thrush Sellers were all converted.\" [Moffett Miller is commemorated in a stained glass window in Bridgewater United Methodist Church].","November 21, 1879: \"I  H. Smals heard a great noise to night in the skyes about 12 o'clock. The Noise was as Distant Thunder.\"  [He noted that the temperature was 8 degrees the next morning.]","December 8, 1879: \"Miss Rosenbaum came to our town to teach music on the piano from Staunton.\"","December 13, 1879:  \"The Tunkard Brethren had quite a revival.  15 were baptized by immersion.  Old man Marshall killed a 568 ¼ pound hog.\"  [Sketch of hog, Smals always reported who all was butchering this time of year]","December 24, 1879: \"Christmas tree in the M.E. Church.  A large attendance on the occasion.  In Shiffletts Hollow, Shifflett killed his brother Shifflett.\"","Christmas Day: \"a ladder at the Methodist Church with presents for the children.\"[This must have been a structure erected for the children's presents].","December 30, 1879:  \"Lutherans locked the Baptist out of their church this evening.\"","January 1, 1880:  \"Rev. Grennan preached in the Dunkard Church on the subject of baptism by immersion-3 times face down.\"","January 13, 1880: \"Miss Mulley Robinson gone home to Harrisonburg with mail wagon.\"","January 18, 1880: \"Preaching at 11 o'clock by Dr. John S. Martin in the M. E. Church.  Quarterly meeting.\"","January 20, 1880:  \"John Allemong elected president of our Narrow Gauge Rail Road.\"","January 21, 1880: \"A cave discovered on Blosser's Farm by Bud Peterson close to Pike about 2 ½ miles this side of Harrisonburg.\"","January 22, 1880: \"The U. B. trustees sold the church to the Baptists for $400.\"","January 24, 1880: \"Some scoundrel stopped my shop chimney up and smoked me powerful.\" ","January 28, 1880: \"One hundred cases of smallpox at Culpeper.\"","February 3, 1880: \"The organ for the M. E. Church came this evening.\" [sketch]","February 9, 1880: \"Campbell killed Smith at the Warm Springs today.\"","February 11, 1880: Rev. Grachen preached at M. E. Church.","February 23, 1880: Big fire in Bridgewater.  Destroyed Mr. Byrd's House and stable and burned the houses and out buildings of Mrs. Covington and Mrs. Arey.  $10,000 loss.","March 2, 1880:  \"The chimneys of the burnt houses were thrown down today.  M. E. Church broken into and the organ injured.\"","March 3, 1880: \"The Baltimore Conference met this morning at Front Royal, Warren County.\" ","March 4, 1880: \"Wild geese over river today near bridge.\"","March 5, 1880:  \"Mr. Ehrman the Beef man in town today settling with his customers.\"","March 6, 1880:  \"A man here today measured 6'7\" high.  He was a monster.\"","March 22, 1880:  \"John Hatfield puts a roof on Mrs. Covington's dairy.  Commenced this morning for $5.  High winds-could hardly stay on the building.\"","March 31, 1880:  \"The negroes had a fight at Lowman's stable last night.\"","April 2, 1880:  \"A great negro trial at our courthouse.  About 90 persons present.  Jos. Higgins and John Bundy paid a fine of $3.90 each for fighting at the corporation [of Bridgewater.]\"","April 28, 1880: \"George Dinkel and A. H. Smals commence making brick back of the school house.\"","May 6, 1880: \"George Jenkins wife had a child cut from her womb and saved the woman.\"","May 17, 1880:  \"Old Black Aunt Dasha died this evening about 10:00 at Miss May Areys.\"","May 23, 1880: Preaching by Rev. King.","June 3, 1880:  \"Mr. Jacobs wife and others gone to Harrisonburg to see the decorations of the soldiers graves.  A very small crowd present.\"","June 5, 1880:  \"A great Memorial Day at Winchester.  A great many persons present.\"","June 10, 1880:  \"A lawn party at Harrisonburg by the Colored People and the Colored Band attended the party.\"","June 14, 1880: \"Allemong gone to Staunton to close of female school of the M. E. C. South.\"","June 17, 1880: \"Mrs. Goldsmith buried to day in our grave yard and Brother Cunningham preached text Revelation.\"","June 19, 1880:  \"Colored Band went to Newmarket to the Cave.\"","July 2, 1880:  \"The colored people had a festival tonight at their church. Realized $7.30.\"","July 3, 1880: \"Hopewell was elected Sargent [sic] for the Corporation Bridgewater colored people.\"","July 3, 1880:  \"Colored people had another festival. Realized $10.18.\" [White lawn parties Smals mentions raise anywhere from $40-$70].","July 6, 1880: Smith stole George Milstead's watch and about ten dollars in money. [He got it back in the next day or so].[Smals records that Bridgewater had a population of 400 people in July 1880]","July 8, 1880:  \"The amount of population of the encorporation of Bridgewater is 400 white and colored.\"","July 20, 1880: \"T. P. Humphreys gone to Sunday School Convention at Valley Grove between Baltimore and Washington City.\"","July 30, 1880:  \"The Sons of Purity [colored] have a great parade today in Harrisonburg.\"","July 31, 1880:  \"The colored band gone to Pleasant Valley to a picnic.\"","August 6, 1880:  \"Rev Bush and Rev. Wolfe came down the street in a Rockaway and spindle broke and one jumped out the other fell out of the Rockaway and neither got hurt.\"","August 9, 1880:  \"Henry Hocks and T. Sheets had a fight.  Sheets struck H. Hocks with a piece of iron.  It is supposed that Hocks was in fault.\"","August 21, 1880:  \"A good many cattle and sheep gone through our town today.\"","August 22, 1880: Sabbath: \"Preaching by the Tunkards at the far end of town.\"","September 3, 1880:  \"A big watermelon trial between Joseph Nisewander and the Kerecoofs.\"","September 25, 1880:  \"The negroes had a picnic at Mt. Solon today.  The Nigger Band played for them.\"","September 30, 1880:  \"Colored People Village Camp commenced this evening in this place.  A negro show at the River schoolhouse.\"","October 1, 1880: \"Old Uncle Adam Rader has come over to our town at the age of 90 years old.\"","Octpber 19, 1880: \"A big show in Harrisonburg today, a great many persons present.  Some drunk and some sober.\" [sketch of circus tent]","November 11, 1880:  \"Peter Miller gone to West Va. on a preaching ture [sic] today.\"","November 29, 1880: \"I  H. Smals killed my hog today.\"","December 1, 1880: \"Some scoundrel cut the guts of Charley Teters horse this morning.  Mat Barber was arrested for gutting the horse, his trial comes off next Saturday in this place.\"","December 4, 1880: Mat Barber trial commence in old Town Hall. [Smals implies that others were implemented, but the trial outcome is not clear]","December 24, 1880: \"Coldest weather I ever felt or saw.\"","December 31, 1880:  \"25 degrees below zero.   Frank Erwin and Dewit Brown froze their ears stiff.\"","[A note in the back of this book says 32 snows fell in the winter of 1880-81].","January 3, 1881:  \"8 degrees below zero, wood getting very scarce.  E. B. Simpson went to Harrisonburg today with snow shoes, they are about six feet long and six inches wide.  Oh this is fearful weather, a great deal of slaying going on.\"","January 6, 1881: \"Professor Geason gave a Grand Free Exhibition of Scientific Horsemanship today and commenced a class with 20 or more pupils at $2.00 per pupil.\"","January 21, 1881: \"the horse tamer is in our town today.\"","February 6, 1881:  \"Niggers had a fight in African Church tonight.\" [Drew 3 black heads]","February 7, 1881: \"I H. Smals made a pair of boots for a Mr. Stokes that he wore for 25 years, please beat that.  There were 26 persons at the young mens prayer meeting in M.E.C. to night.\"","February 12, 1881:  Sam Williams was fined $10 and bound over the Peace for 12 months. Jos. Williams the same and Oliver Failer was fined $5 and bound over for 12 months for fighting in the African Church last Sunday in Bridgewater, VA.\"","February 17, 1881:  \"Allemony's Cattle Sale today.  His yearlings sold at $16 per head.\"","March 2, 1881: Stuart Lindsey lead union prayer meeting in M. E. Church at 5 o'clock. ","March 6, 1881: \"Mr. McNeal came to our town to see his sweet [sketch of heart] and I tell you she is very Handsome.  he lives in Hardy County.\"","March 7, 1881: \"Engineers and Simpson gone on the route of the railroad.\"  [sketch of surveyor's level]  Rev. Mr. Whisner came to Marg Areys.  A good many preachers went through our town to Harrisonburg to Conference.\"  ","March 27, 1881: Rev. Bush had his first sermon in M. E. Church.","March 28, 1881:  \"Joseph Williams taken to jail by Hopewell for fighting in Methodist Church, Colored.\"","March 29, 1881: \"Joseph Williams taken to jail for fighting in Methodist Church, colored.  The Engineers Simpson and Bell came home from their Byrds Eye Survey.\"","April 1, 1881: Preaching at M. E. Church by Rev. Deans.","April 14, 1881: \"F. K. Speck went after Uncle Adam Rader who died on the 7 of the present month at Culpeper County near Brandy Station.\" ","April 16, 1881: \"Uncle Adam Rader has been brought to this town to be buried in our grave yard this evening.\"","April 23, 1881:  Jesse Fry shot Dr. Jones cow in his wheatfield with small shot.\"\t","May 5, 1881: \"Adam Smals commence the brick church at Mossy Creek today with 6 hands.\"","May 7, 1881:  Colored people's 1st Quarterly meeting held in this place.\"","May 8, 1881: \"Preaching by Rev. Price in M. E. Church at 7 ½   oclock.  Mrs. Stickler lost 2 $5 Dollar Notes some where between the M.E. Church and home.\"","May 24, 1881: \"This is the most powerful year for Locus Blooms I ever saw.  I hope will get a good corncrop.\"","June 15, 1881:  Mr. Wm. S. Perry sold a calf 10 days old for $5.75 to Frank and Will Ervin.\"","June 21, 1881: \"Thrush Sellers finished Mrs. Covington's fence today at $8.00.\"  [sketch of  iron fence]  \"He finished a lattice fence the next day.\" [sketch of lattice fence]","July 1, 1881: \"John Carpenter Brought an Engine Thresher to Bridgewater.  Daily mail commences between Bridgewater and Stribling Springs.\"","July 2, 1881: \"Quarterly meeting commences this morning at Sangerville.  Presiding elder is I. S. Martin.  President Garfield was Shot in the City of Washington, District of Columbia.\" ","July 8, 1881:  \"A Colored Festival in Mt. Sidney today and night.  Realized $50.\"","July 13, 1881: \"Dr. Brown tapped Mrs. Showalter near Mt. Solon, 10 pints of water from her abdomen.\"  [Dr. Brown was often noted being present at births].","July 18, 1881: \"Dr. Brown had the first Roastnears in our town.\"  [sketched ear of corn] \"GrandMaster Crowder from Staunton will be with us in our lodge tonight as Odfellows.\"  [Belongs to Ancient Odfellows of Bridgewater Lodge.  Frequently writes in some kind of \"lodge code\"]","July 21, 1881:  \"The Negro Band gone 4 miles above Staunton today to a lawn party.  They get $10 for the trip.\"","July 24, 1881:  \"Mr. Looses, Mr. Hartman's, Mr. Minoss, and Mr. Allemony's cows died from eating molasses cane today.\"","July 26, 1881:  \"John Allemony's other cow is very sick.  A Negro shot himself near Mt. Solon today with a pistol accidental.\"","July 29, 1881:  \"The Colored People have a Lawn Party in our Odfellow Hall tonight and tomorrow night.\"  [Aug. 10 and 11-White lawn party held on school grounds]","August 20, 1881: \"Cora Crickenberger cut her throat and stabbed her self in the head two or three times.\"","August 23, 1881: \"This day District Conference commence 2 oclock in M. E. Church.  Preachers present.  Conference organized at 3 oclock this evening, John S. Martin in the chair, a good many preachers present and a large Lay Delegation Present.  Preaching at 8 oclock this evening by  Rev. A Weller.  Conference lasted all week.\"","August 29, 1881: \"all the preachers gone home today.\"","September 2, 1881: \"Mrs. B. Kyles lamp exploded this evening but did not hurt any one.\" ","September 4, 1881: Rev. Tailor had prayer meeting at M. E. Church.","September 9, 1881:  \"A Lawn Festival held in M. E. Church lot to night, Realised about $25.\"","September 10, 1881:  \"Festival Lawn Party tonight in churchyard.  Colored People have a picknick [sic] today at their church.\"","September 20, 1881:  \"Shef Lewis and Wise fought a duel today.  Neither of them hurt.\"","September 22, 1881: \"Henry Smals I appoint you as Stuart for the Corporation of Bridgewater Council given under my hand for the sum of two Dollars for Services Commencing on the first of July 1881 and Closing July 1, 1882.\" _ M. Stickler, Mayor","September 24, 1881:  \"A Lawn Party at Mt. Solon by the colored people.\"","September 25, 1881: Rev. Hildebrand preached at M. E. Church.","October 1, 1881:  \"Colored band gone out to play for a picknick near Pleasant Valley in Rockingham County.\"","October 5, 1881:  \"James Clary open his Degarian [?] Saloon at Robert Funks.\"","October 6-7, 1881:  \"Colored at Allemony's this evening at 8:00. . . .Colored meeting still going on in this town.\"","November 13, 1881: \"Mrs. Arey came home today. Sabbath morning class at the usual hour 9 oclock, Sabbath school at 2 ½  oclock.  Prayer meeting at M. E. Church 7 oclock.\"","November 18, 1881: \"Clear and Warm. A Great Republican procession in Harrisonburg to night, Governor Walker came to our town.\"","November 19, 1881:  \"Rev Perrys children all have the Hooping Cough.  Some of them very poorly tonight.\"","November 20, 1881: \"Preaching at 11 oclock by Rev Hildebrand.\"","November 21, 1881: Court Day.   \"Professor Steel commence his Wrighting School today.\"  [sketch of quill] \"N. Marion Miller gone to Het Smals to do sowing for them.\"","November 22, 1881: Cloudy and cool.  \"Stuart Lindsay has gone to Monterey to see his sick wife.\"","November 27, 1881: \"No preaching in town today.  Mrs. J Lindsey and T Lindsey came from Monterey this evening.  Stuart Lindseys wife some better.\"","December 1, 1881: \"Dr. T. H. Brown gone to Moorefield Hardy County to see his daughter Verdie Mcneal [McNeil]…  Mr. Jos Byrd move to his new house today.\"  [sketch of 2 story house with 2 chimneys, Smals sketches of houses that people bought and sold often show details which were probably characteristic to the particular house] ","December 4, 1881: Preaching at 11 o'clock by Rev. Bush.","December 6, 1881: \"Stuart Lindseys wife some better.\"","December 10, 1881: \"P. Miller gone to Broadway to see about the schoolhouse to be built here or at Broadway.\"","December 11, 1881: \"No preaching in town today.\"","December 12, 1881: \"Cloudy and threaten for snow cold weather.\"","December 14, 1881: \"Snowed through the night one inch in depth.\" [drew a one inch purple line]","December 16, 1881: \"Stuart Lindsey and wife came home from her Father's at Monterey, She is right peart.\"","December 25, 1881: Sabbath morning clear and cold this is Christmas Day. Prayer Meeting at 5 oclock, Class meeting at 9 oclock , No preaching at 11 oclock, Sabbath school at 2 oclock, Preaching at 6 ½  oclock by Rev D. Bush.","December 26, 1881: \"Professor Hull commenced his singing school today.\"","December 27, 1881: \"Peter Miller is receiving contribution of the German Baptist Formal School to be established at this place.\"","December 28, 1881: Clear and warm.  \"the Baptist members are moving their church back 6 feet today. D. John Allemong sick.\"","January 4, 1882: \"John Allemong very sick.  Allemong has Nierulalgia of the Bowels.  8 inches of snow.\" ","January 5, 1882: \"Allemong no better.\"","January 6, 1882: \"J.W. F. Allemong no better\"","January 10, 1882: \"Street Lamps made for the Corporation, they will be put in a short time.\"  [sketch of lamp]","January 11, 1882: \"John W. F. Allemong some better.\"","January 17, 1882: \"Allemong still improving, able to get up and be shaved.\"","January 18, 1882: \"the Ladies are holding a Missionary metng this afternoon in M. E. Church at 3 ½ oclock.\"","January 20, 1882: \"John W. F. Allemong improving very fast\"","January 24, 1882: \"Allemong has gotten well\"","January 27, 1882: Jury brought in a verdict, that Guitttoes [sic] committed Murder in first Degree for killing President Garfield.\"","February 2, 1882:  \"groundhog day: He saw his shadow.\"  [Smals drew a sketch of a ground hog every year, but his drawings resembled a cat more than a ground hog]  \"Allemong hauling ice from Factory and Robert Wrights Ponds.\"","February 10, 1882: \"Charley Schenk fell in the Creek\"","February 12, 1882: Preaching at 11 oclock by Rev. Hildebrand.","February 15, 1882:  \"Miss Ryan buried in our graveyard today at 3 oclock   Funeral preached by Rev Hildebrand.\"","February 17, 1882:  \"Oyster supper this evening for the Benefit of the M. E. Church, realized $21.50 Dollars.  John Allemong Enlarged his office to day.\"","February 18, 1882:  \"Adjourned Quarterly meeting met in Allemong's Office today.  Oyster supper this evening for the Benefit of the M. E. Church.  Realized [?]  Dollars.\"","February 19, 1882: \"Preaching by Rev Rosebrow in M. E. Church at 7 oclock.  Mrs. McNeil of Hardy County Dr. Browns Daughter had a son born today at Dr. Browns.\"","February 21, 1882: \"Uncommon windy and Storm and uncommon muddy…  Rev. Kinzer came to our town today.\"","February 22, 1882: \"Rev. Kinzer preached for us.  Click Miller, Ad Hollum, Walter Davis and John Allemong bought the wood factory and Foundrey for the sum of $9000 Dollars.\"","February 25, 1882: \"A Great many Deprecations acted tonight by the Boys, Shooting, Cursing, Swearing and being Drunk.\" ","February 26, 1882: \"Preaching in M.E. Church by Rev Bush and Sacrament of the Lords Supper.  Hopewell shot a chicken for Salley Fitchew.  Laurence fired a pistol also on the Sabbath.\"","March 2, 1882: \"Queen Victoria was shot and mist her.\"","March 6, 1882: \"Preachers all fixing to go to Conference.\"","March 8, 1882: \"Sheets sold his Hartman Lot and house to J. W. F. Allemong for the sum of $200 dollars.\"","March 14, 1882: \"Stuart Lindseys wife very poorly.\"","March 16, 1882:  \"Rev. Hildebrand came back from Conference today to our town.\"","March 17, 1882: \"Joseph Attaffer died this morning at 1 oclock.\"","March 18, 1882: \"Saturday morning cloudy sleet and Rain  Rained all day long,   Joseph Attaffer buried today.\"","March 22, 1882: \"Dog bit Eugene Ervin in the hand this morning very badly.\"","March 26, 1882: \"David Bush preached.\"","April 2, 1882: Rev. Whitescarver preached.","April 7, 1882: \"Widow John Arey died this morning.\"","April 16, 1882: \"Preaching by Rev. Tailor at Barbees Office.\"","April 17, 1882: \"Jacob Wynant's Horse Run off.  It went home and never Broke his Buggy.\" ","April 20, 1882: \"Joseph Beery Hung himself in his grainery this morning about 5 oclock on Linville Creek the cause not known. Jack Thuma killed a large loon.\"  [sketch]  [Smals wrote of at least four horse-runoff episodes during April].","April 24, 1882: \"Mrs. Stuart Lindsey Died at Jacob Lindseys House…\"","May 4, 1882: \"The smallest Baby Born to day in the world some where in the north, it weighed 8 ounces and was perfect child.\"","May 5, 1882: \"The Mossy Creek folks settled with Allemong to day for the church.\"","May 6, 1882: \"A waggon Run over G. Claude Smals to day and Did not Break any of his Limbs.\"","May 11, 1882: \"The Presbyterian Church was dedicated to Day.\"","May 18, 1882: \"A fish and meat house opened here to day.\"","May 28, 1882: \"Rev. Armstrong preached the Dedicatory sermon for the Mt. Solon Church to day and Realized money enough to the pay the Deposit on the Church which was $300.\" ","June 6, 1882: \"Jack Dooms finished the Parsonage House today.\"","June 15, 1882: \"Jack Dooms finished the Parsonage Stable today.\"","June 18, 1882: Rev. Bush preached. ","June 19, 1882: \"Isac Marshall Bought a Cow of Mr. Brown for a price of $45.00   She is a full Jersey.\"","July 24, 1882: \"11 Wagons went through town for Blackberries to Parnassus, 50 bushels to town\"","August 1, 1882: \"A new Barbershop by Barber and John Collbert commenced to day.\"","August 8, 1882: \"I H. Smals had the pleasure of shaving Francis O'ferell the Colonels Brother from Minnesota, he came to our town to see his Mother.\"","August 17, 1882: Commenced laying Brick on the Bank to day.\"","September 9, 1882: \"Overseer of the Poor took Peachy Hoak to the Poorhouse to day\"","September 12, 1882: \"I H. Smals was Disfranchised as Sexton and P. Hartman was put in my place.\"\n[This undoubtedly pertains to the Methodist Church]. ","September 14, 1882: \"Scaffold at Bank fell and hurt 3.\"","September 23, 1882: \"Meinars Jim Dog died to day.\"","October 2, 1882: \"the Great Comet made its appearance this morning in the East.\"","October 4, 1882: \"H. Dice sold a lot to Casper Earheart for $100, 1 ¼ acre.  Thrush Sellers Bilds Mrs. Williams a house for $600 on High Street.\"","October 22, 1882: Preaching by Rev. Hildebrand.","October 23, 1882: \"Humphreys Loose got his new engine this evening, it cost about $1200.\"","December 25, 1882: \"Jack Higgins and Jack Jones were tried and convicted for stealing and sent to jail.\"","December 26, 1882: \"A Christmas tree for benefit of the Sabbath School Children.  Speech from Rev. D. Bush.\"  [sketch of Christmas Arch]Jan 24: \"Old Brother John Altaffer Died in this Place this evening about 4 oclock at age of 84 ½  years old, he has been a Methodist for 65 year and over.\" [Commemorated in stained glass window in Bridgewater United Methodist Church.]","January 26, 1883: Rev Bush preached Altaffer's funeral.","April 6, 1883: \"Our young Preacher Waters came to town this evening from Maeraland [Maryland].\"","June 1, 1883:  \"Colored boy died of scarlet fever [age 16] and buried in colored graveyard.\"","June 24, 1883: Dr. Folensher preached.","June 25, 1883:  \"A great many persons harvesting today-wheat very good.\"","June 30, 1883:  \"Burn and Elam fought a duel near Wainsborough.  Elam got a flesh wound; the other was not touched.\"","July 1, 1883: Preaching by Rev. Waters","July 8, 1883:  \"Our choir sung for the colored people today at 11:00.  Rev. B. Smith preached-a colored man.\" [Sunday]","July 11, 1883: \"The Wizard men came to our town this evening and will stay until next Sabbath.\"","July 12, 1883: \"Mr. Allemong and family gone to White Sulphur Springs to stay for 3 weeks.\"","July 14, 1883:   Talks about a \"wizard man\" being in town for the week selling medicine.","July 25, 1883: \"Hanger and wife joined the M.E. Church to night.\"","July 29, 1883: Henry Smals granddaughter Sallie Miller married Samuel Boselmen.","August 4, 1883: \"My Birth day.  I H. Smals was born on the 4 August 1810 Saturday in afternoon at 3 oclock near the head of Muddy Creek about 2 miles of the head of Linville Creek and Bowmans Mill.\"","August 20, 1883:  \"George E. Dunnell killed a Negro.  Shot him in self-defense.\"","September 20, 1883:  \"Mr. George Murry's ondley daughter [age 11] got killed at a cane mill.  The shaft caught her clothes and thread her around and beat her head soft.\"","November 8, 1883: \"Dr. Brown and Robert Whitescarver have a Quarrel in our Shop this morning, but Did not come to blows.\"","November 12, 1883: \"Dock Van Pelt moved to Sangersville, he has moved 18 times in 6 years.\"","December 28, 1883:  \"A black man from Rockbridge County came to our town and married Black Maria Huldey yesterday in the African Church.\"","December 31, 1883:  \"Watch meting to night in M. E. Church. Oyster supper by the colored people in Odfellows Hall.\"","January 1, 1884:  \"Oyster supper by the Odfellows tonight in Odfellows Hall.  Everybody invited. Uncommonly cold; scarlet fever very bad in the area; ice 6\" frozen.\"","February 4, 1884:  \"Mrs. Young was laying out a woman who had died and got some gastric juices on a sore on her hand and now suffers very much in consequence of it.\" [She was sick for about a week; Smals doesn't mention her after that.]","February 26, 1884: \"Dr. Jones Drugstore caught on fire and burt up all his drugs and medcane [sic].  Did not burn the store house.\" ","May 11, 1884:  \"Colored people had their first Quarterly meeting at this place today.\"","May 24, 1884:  \"William Fishback and a black man had a fight.  Fishback struck the negro in the head with a rock and Fishback had to pay a fine and cost which was $4.45.\"","May 31, 1884:  A great \"bass ball\" game.  Bridgewater 28 Harrisonburg 25 and 2 whitewashes.","June 11, 1884:  \"David Hooks whipped his sister with a yardstick this morning and left marks on her boddie.\"","June 13, 1884:  \"Brady and Wine killed their first beef this evening.  Going to butcher all summer.\"","June 15, 1884 : \"Lighting struck Rev. Raley [Lutheran] near Mt. Crawford and knocked his horse down but did not kill either of them.\"","June 18, 1884: \"All the presses and other tools to Bridgewater this evening to make cigars.\" [sketch of cigar]","July 19, 1884:  \"Nute Fry commenced butchering and selling beef in Bridgewater this morning.\"","August 1884:  [Several mentions of a cigar/tobacco factory.]","August 6, 1884: \"Old Jimmie Coakley, colored, died today near Rushville at the age of 110 years old.\"","August 10, 1884: \"Sabbath Morning, Warm Cloudy.  Rained some last night.  This is Childrens Day with the M.E.C.S.  The collection amounted to 10 dollars.  Preaching by Rev. Waters at 11 oclock.  Exercises at 2 oclock, also at night.\" ","August 16, 1884: \"Professor Hoover and Professor Hulvey came to our town.  Spoke in the Old Town Hall as Democrats.\"\n[At this time Rev. Campbell was preaching in the Lutheran Church and Rev. Clark in the Baptist Church.  Smals usually mentioned the services in Lutheran and Baptist Churches].","August 30, 1884:  Cigar boys played and beat Bridgewater boys in baseball.","September 3, 1884: \"Uncle Jake Hesberger raised a watermelon that weighed 47 ¾ pounds.\" ","September 7, 1884: Rev. Linch preached in M.E.C.S Church.","September 13, 1884: \"A fellow going to walk on a Rope started from J. Dinkles to the top of the old Tavern.\"","September 20, 1884:  \"The colored people have a local Preachers Convention here-will continue over Sunday.\"","September 21, 1884:  \"Preaching at colored church by colored preacher.  Fifteen local preachers present at the Convention.  Large crowd of colored people present.  Collected $30.\"","September 22, 1884: \"Jacob Bierly and son were killed in the well by foul air.\" ","October 5, 1884: Rev. Ross preaching at M. E. C. ","November 1, 1884: \"Mrs. Showalter Beat a little child today Black and Blue.  She was arrested and had her trial.  Paid the Corporation $5.00 and $25.00 to the County Court.\"","December 6, 1884:  \"A negro shot another negro in Harrisonburg last night.  He was caught and lodged in jail to await trial.\" ","December 25, 1884: Thursday Morning Clear.  \"Very cold this Christmas Day, Plenty of ice on the River   Boys skating and shooting.\"","December 26, 1884: \"I H. Smals Eat a fine Dinner at George Hangers.\"","December 27, 1884: \"Oyster supper to night by the Masons at Will Areys.\" ","January 12, 1885: \"The Cigar Boys commence making cigars today.\"  [Smals makes frequent  references to the \"cigar boys\" working in the cigar factory in Bridgewater]","January 18, 1885: \"Old Mr. Hailman fell through the Bridge and Caught himself before he got to the water.\" [Smals had been writing regularly of work on the bridge]","January 24, 1885: \"William H. Grove finished the Bridge today.  Got $56 for his 16 days work.\"   ","February 21, 1885: \"21 below zero.\"","March 11, 1885:  \"Nuten Smals came here from Hampshire County.  Brown Smals and Thomas Smals came to my house to day from Berkley County near Williamsport W.Va. to purchase cattle.\"","March 18, 1885: \"Our Preachers have come from Conference to day.  Rev Dice the Presiding Elder and Rev Lynch and Prettiman [Prettyman] the Senior and Junior Preacher for one Year.\"","March 21, 1885: \"Dam frozen over to night, never was known to freeze over in March before.\"","March 22, 1885: Preaching by Rev. Reade [Reid?]","March 24, 1885: \"Old Miller Areys sale today on Muddy Creek.\"","March 25, 1885: \"Hales engine went through our town this morning.\"","March 27, 1885: \"A Degarion [?] car came to town today.\" [sketch of train car, maybe an early photo studio?]","March 28, 1885: \"The dogs killed a parse of sheep for John Allemong this morning. John Allemong discharged 6 of his cigar men.  Only 4 rollers left and 2 packers.\"","April 3, 1885: [Good Friday.]  \"This is the day our Savior was crucified nearly 1900 years ago.\" [sketch of cross]  ","April 10, 1885:  \"The old Brick Shop that I Built 1840, 44 years ago, they are taring down to Build Drivers House.\"","April 12, 1885: \"Bettie Brown joined the M. E. Church South.\"","April 16, 1885: \"John Fisher rented the Lower Room of the Odd Fellows for the sum of  Two Dollars per month…\"","April 18, 1885: \"The first Quarterly Conference held in this place.   Presiding Elder present and both of the preachers on the Sircuit present and a good many of the Official Body present.  Brother Lynch gone to Spring Hill to hold a Quarterly meeting for the presiding Elders.  Brother Prettyman preached at night at 7 ½  oclock.\"  ","April 21, 1885:  \"Burk Sellers cow had twin calves.\"","April 22, 1885: Moses Stickler had been recommended as Post Master in Bridgewater.","April 26, 1885:  \"Two bysicles in our town.  Came from Harrisonburg in 52 minutes.\"","April 28, 1885:  \"J.W.S. commenced getting new milk of Mrs. Jenkins today at 6 cents per quart.\"","May 6, 1885:  \"Dinkel hired a bisicle in Harrisonburg to learn to ride on.\"","May 15, 1885: \"My Daughter Annie Died to night at 10 oclock.  She was 42 years and some month old.\" ","May 20, 1885: \"Richard Berlin put a whistle on his engine today.\"","June 8, 1885: \"Shifflett stabbedd Riddle 2 times in the side.  The one stab is supposed to be fatal.\"","June 13, 1885:  \"Dr. Johnson's cow had 2 calves this morning.\"","July 1, 1885:  Post Office opened and first day of mail service in Bridgewater area.  Carriers going to Stribling Springs and Harrisonburg.","July 24, 1885:  \"2 Negroes broke open wines at Funkhouser store and stole 2 suit of clothing, coffee and sugar, and other articles. A black woman found under a hay stack with her throat cut from ear to ear in Augusta County, VA.\"","August 7, 1885:  \"Colored people had a Festival tonight at the Old Town Hall\" [3 sketches of black heads].","August 8. 1885:  \"Colored people continue their festival tonight.  Colored people have a Quarterly meeting on Crawford's farm today and tomorrow.\"","March 8, 1886:  \"The Colored Minstrel Singers came to our town today and sing tonight in the M.E. Church.  Colored in this town a perfect Humbug.\"","April 15, 1886:  \"The colored Preacher came here on his circuit today.\"","May 7, 1886:  Notes marriage of 2 coloreds with a squiggly circle drawing.  \"Wm. Branson to Allace Brookins\"","May 26, 1886:  \"Charley Stuart moved in Berlintown in Joseph Nielwanders house.  He is a colored man.\" [sketch of black man's head].","June 1, 1886:  \"Mat Barber's child buried today in the Colored Graveyard in this town today at 11 o'clock.  Colored boy Joseph Riggle came to our town today to work in the factory.\"","June 11, 1886:  \"John Wine's wife had twins and two days afterward his cow had twin calves.\" [sketch of twin calves]","June 14, 1886:  \"The Colored people have a Picknick tonight for the benefit of their Preacher.\"","Summer of 1886:  Talks a lot about farmers harvesting their wheat all over and in July \"people are thrashing all over.\"  ","August 1, 1886:  \"The Colored People had a Bush meeting near Mt. Crawford.\"","August 2, 1886:  \"A great show at the African church tonight by the colored folks.\"  [Pasted a picture of black musicians surrounded by violins, banjos and other instruments]","August 30, 1886:  \"Jackson Doomer's cow died this morning.\"","September 4, 1886:  \"Another bucher shop opened near Allemony's store.\"","September 18, 1886:  \"Mr. Isaac Marshall weighed his big hog today at 705 pounds.\"","October 16, 1886:  \"Colored Quarterly meeting commenced today in Bridgewater.\"","October 19, 1886:  \"Henry Dice and Frank Irvin came home from Pokehunters to bring his cattle home.\"","November 22, 1886:  \"Sanger Brothers started a Creamery today in Bridgewater.\"  ","February 15, 1887:  Josie Wise, colored, buried in the Colored Graveyard today at 11 o'clock.  A great many colored persons present.\"  ","On speech:  [Smals spells the railroad president's name \"Auther Vandabilt\"]","On blacks:  [Frequently mentions when they are born, married, and died and usually draws head sketches.]","On travel:  [In 1877 a trip to Harrisonburg took 4 hours.]","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Henry Smals Diaries, 1871-1891, consist of three boxes containing eighteen volumes of diaries written by Henry Smals of Bridgewater, Virginia. The topics of diary entries are brief outlining day-to-day activities. A folder, located in Box 3, contains a partial index and a list of highlights for most volumes as well as an ad for \"Henry Smals, Fashionable Barber! Main Street, Bridgewater, Va.\"","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society","Smalls family","Smals, Henry, 1810-1892","Hotchkiss, Jedediah, 1828-1899","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0096","/repositories/4/resources/250"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Henry Smals Diaries"],"collection_title_tesim":["Henry Smals Diaries"],"collection_ssim":["Henry Smals Diaries"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia -- History, Local -- Genealogy","Bridgewater (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Bridgewater (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Bridgewater (Va.) -- Economic customs -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia -- History, Local -- Genealogy","Bridgewater (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Bridgewater (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Bridgewater (Va.) -- Economic customs -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century"],"creator_ssm":["Smals, Henry, 1810-1892","Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society"],"creator_ssim":["Smals, Henry, 1810-1892","Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Smals, Henry, 1810-1892"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society"],"creators_ssim":["Smals, Henry, 1810-1892","Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society"],"places_ssim":["Virginia -- History, Local -- Genealogy","Bridgewater (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Bridgewater (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Bridgewater (Va.) -- Economic customs -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection is on deposit from the Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Shoemakers -- Virginia -- Biography","African Americans -- Virginia -- History -- 19th century","Shoemakers -- Virginia -- History -- 19th century","Diaries","Weather diaries"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Shoemakers -- Virginia -- Biography","African Americans -- Virginia -- History -- 19th century","Shoemakers -- Virginia -- History -- 19th century","Diaries","Weather diaries"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.7 cubic feet 3 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["0.7 cubic feet 3 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Diaries","Weather diaries"],"date_range_isim":[1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe diaries are arranged chronologically where possible, but due to variations in size are physically housed as follows in the Contents List. Volume 14 is filed in a separate container.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The diaries are arranged chronologically where possible, but due to variations in size are physically housed as follows in the Contents List. Volume 14 is filed in a separate container."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eUnited States Census Office, 7th census. 1850 U.S. Census, Rockingham County, Virginia. Wichita, Ks.: S-K Publications, 1987.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["United States Census Office, 7th census. 1850 U.S. Census, Rockingham County, Virginia. Wichita, Ks.: S-K Publications, 1987."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHenry Smals (1810-1892) is listed in the 1850 Rockingham County Census as a shoemaker with real estate value of $1,000 with a wife, Mary, and six children. There is an entry for Henry Smalts in the 1860 census and for Henry Smalls in the 1870 census that gives additional household details. He may also have been a barber sometime during the 1880s (ses Box 3, Folder 4). His surname appears as a variation of Smalz and Smaltz as well.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Henry Smals (1810-1892) is listed in the 1850 Rockingham County Census as a shoemaker with real estate value of $1,000 with a wife, Mary, and six children. There is an entry for Henry Smalts in the 1860 census and for Henry Smalls in the 1870 census that gives additional household details. He may also have been a barber sometime during the 1880s (ses Box 3, Folder 4). His surname appears as a variation of Smalz and Smaltz as well."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection of diaries was first presented to George M. Hanger by Smals' grandson, Gal Miller, in 1910. The diaries were then given to George P. Furry in 1920, Edwina Furry in 1970, and Dorothy Merriefield in 1983.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["The collection of diaries was first presented to George M. Hanger by Smals' grandson, Gal Miller, in 1910. The diaries were then given to George P. Furry in 1920, Edwina Furry in 1970, and Dorothy Merriefield in 1983."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Henry Smals Diaries, 1871-1891, SC 0096, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Henry Smals Diaries, 1871-1891, SC 0096, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe diaries appear to have been rebound, perhaps several times, and some volumes have sections in them that are not in chronological order. In some places the ink has faded to illegibility. In the fall of 2002 and 2003, Peggy Dillard and Ken Hinkle respectively created partial indices for the Smals diaries. The entries transcribed as part of these partial indices are included under each diary's scope and content note. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThis collection was previously cataloged as SC 2059\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Notes"],"processinfo_tesim":["The diaries appear to have been rebound, perhaps several times, and some volumes have sections in them that are not in chronological order. In some places the ink has faded to illegibility. In the fall of 2002 and 2003, Peggy Dillard and Ken Hinkle respectively created partial indices for the Smals diaries. The entries transcribed as part of these partial indices are included under each diary's scope and content note. ","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 2059 ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Henry Smals Papers, 1871-1891, consist of three boxes containing eighteen volumes of diaries written by Henry Smals of Bridgewater, Virginia. The topics of diary entries are brief outlining day-to-day activities. There are mentions of acquaintances that are ill, various business transactions conducted in town, the movement of livestock, and hay through town, ongoing town projects, church activities, marriages, births, deaths, and other details of town life. The activities of \"colored people\" are occasionally noted. Throughout the diaries, Smals made small drawings of people and animals and added illustrations clipped from newspapers. A folder, located in Box 3, contains printed copies of a partial index and a list of highlights for most volumes as well as an ad for \"Henry Smals, Fashionable Barber! Main Street, Bridgewater, Va.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 9, 1871: Rev. Holland preached.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 28, 1871: \"Negro procession burying a black man, 27 numbers.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 11, 1871: \"Ingenears [sic] at work from Harrisonburg to Bridgewater.\"  [sketch of surveyor's transit]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 17, 1871: \"Eingenears [sic] leveling the road through town.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOctober 10, 1871: [Described Chicago Fire giving damage figures and drew a sketch]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNovember 8, 1871: A man was fined.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 31, 1872: \"Charley Clark got his leg broke by the kick of a horse in the street near the Methodist Church.\" Rev. Engel [J.J.Eagle] was preaching at Mossy Creek \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 22, 1872:\"Poor Peter Swisher, black, in  town from the Poor House \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 28, 1872: \"class as usual at Lutheran Church\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 4, 1872: Preaching by Rev. Whitscarver at 3pm \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 8, 1872: \"A Drove of cattle went through town today to West Virginia to graze.\" [sketch of cow skull] \"A Load of corn to Staunton.\" [ear of corn sketch][during this period time small pox [drew symbolic dots] was raging at Tenth Legion and there is reference ot Tobias Swartz making barrels [sketch of barrel]]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 27, 1872: \"A Cow ate up a pocket book for Harry Soule with $140 in the book.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 31, 1872: \"Negro riot at Mrs. Woodleys.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 1872: \"Glade as dry as we had seen in 40 years.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 23, 1872: \"No class today, our church is under repairs. Prayer meeting at Lutheran Church\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 13, 1872:  \"Black Peter and Black Tond [sp?] came here from the Poor House for a Quarterly meeting.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 14, 1872:  \"A great many Black persons at their meeting at the orchard of Mrs. Brown's. Sabbath Morning.  - \"Preaching by Reverend Engel [Eagle].  Rev. Whitescarver preached in the Methodist Church.  A very small congregation today.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 4, 1872: [Henry Smals birthday.]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 5, 1872: \"Some Scoundrels went in T. Hites watermelon lot and cut and stole all his watermelons.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 17, 1872:  \"2 droves of Fat Cattle went through our town today . . . Another drove of cattle and a drove of sheep.  Another drove of cattle.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 23, 1872: \"A camp meeting commence at Lacey Springs for the United Brethren in Christ.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 28, 1872:  \"A company of Gipseys went through our town.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 2, 1872:  \"Two droves of cattle went through our town.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 3, 1872: \"Greely Club meeting this evening.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 4, 1872: \"25 wells gone dry.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 5, 1872: \"load of crocks from Mt. Sidney.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 7, 1872:  \"Negro picnic at Mt. Solon today at 11 o'clock.\" [5 black heads drawn]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 14, 1872:  \"A drove of cattle very fat came through our town today. Reverend Perry killed 23 squirrels.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 21, 1872:  \"A drove of sheep from Hiland came through our town  . . . A drove of cattle went through our town.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 22, 1872: \"A large crowd  at the M. E. Church South.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 24, 1872:  \"Joseph Byrd and Squire Whitsearver gone to try a Negro.  He is a lunatick.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 28, 1872:  \"Negro picnic in the woods near the town.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOctober 4, 1872:  \"A blind Negro playing on harp for a living . . . A Negro show in our town this evening at 8 o'clock.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOctober 11, 1872:  \"2 beaves killed this evening in our town.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOctober 15, 1872:  \"A drove of sheep, a drove of cattle went through our town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNovember 8, 1872:  \"1 drove of cattle went through our town to Faquire County.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNovember 14, 1872:  \"Horse disease [Epizooty] made its appearance in our midst.  No fatal cases reported as yet.  Chicken cholera also prevailing.  The Devil has been at loose among the stock, poultry, etc.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNovember 25, 1872:  \"A large drove of cattle went through our town today.\"Dec. 11, 1872:  [Writes in German.]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 22, 1872:  \"Class at usual hour 9 o'clock, Sabbath School at 2 o'clock. Singing after class.  Also singing at 6 ½ o'clock, Closed singing a 8 o'clock.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 30, 1872:  \"Sinclair Lewis came to town this evening.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 31, 1872:  \"Mr. Mason, Superintendent of Poor House, in town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 7, 1873:  \"Black people all gone to the railroad from Bridgewater.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 8, 1873:  \"2 droves of cattle and 2 droves of sheep went through our town this evening. . .  The black presiding elder's name is Harst.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 9, 1873: \"Singing by Professor Wartman at 10 o'clock.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 10, 1873:  \"All the black boys from Bridgewater went to the railroad.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 26, 1873:  \"A drove of cattle and hogs went through out town today-up the country.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 27, 1873:  \"All the colored people gone to the railroad.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 22, 1873 : \"There are 11 preachers in town.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 27, 1873: \"Baptism by Immersion in the River near the Bridge.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 12, 1873:  \"A drove of cattle went through our town to the mountains.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 15, 1873:  \"A drove of cattle gone through our town to the mountains.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 18, 1873: \"Hattie Dinkel and Frank Perry baptized.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 28, 1873:  \"Shifflet killed a black man dead in his tracks on the railroad between Sangersville and Harrisonburg.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune-August, 1873:[A lot of talk about many people being in town looking for work on the railroad and how much work was being done; a lot of railroad business.]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 22, 1873: \"Preaching by Reverend Nihiser.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 27, 1873: [District Conference commenced in Mt. Crawford.]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 31 1873,-  \"Preaching at M.E.C.S by Reverend Waugh.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 6, 1873:  \"Negroes have a Sabbath school picnic this evening.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 20, 1873:  \"1 Drove of fat cattle gone through our town.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOctober 1, 1873:  \"Wages on the NGR Road is cut down to $1.25 per day and board themselves.  Negroes would not work for that price.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOctober 2, 1873:  \"A great stampede with the Negroes striking for higher wages or work on the whole line on the Narrow Gauge RR.  A great many Negroes gone to Staunton.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOctober 3, 1873:  \"A great many Negroes in town today looking for work.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOctober 5, 1873 - Reverend Weddell was to preach in Temperance Hall.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNovember 1, 1873:  \"A large drove of cattle came through our town.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNovember 15, 1873:  \"Negro Fair today at their schoolhouse on the bank of the river.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNovember 24, 1873:  \"Joseph Williams shot a negroman a convict from the penitentiary but did not kill him.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 12, 1873: \"Dr. McMarren came to our town to open a drug store.\" [mortar and pestle sketch]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 16, 1873:  \"Finished work on the Broad Gauge RR this evening.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 28, 1873: \" Preaching by a Northern Methodist.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 29, 1873:  \"A Negro frolick in our town tonight in the Odd fellows Hall lower room.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 1, 1874: \"John Allemong and Mack Aden leased the Band Mill of  George Berlin for 3 years.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 3, 1874:  \"A drove of cattle went through our town today.  2 droves more cattle went through our town.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 4, 1874:  \"Preaching at Brethren Church by Rev Nihiser.  Prayer  mtg. 6 ½  o'clock in M. E. C. S.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 11, 1874:  Sabbath morning   clear cool   class at the usual hour of 9 oclock   Preaching by Rev. Mr. Engel [Eagle]  Sabbath School at 2 oclock   Preaching by Rev. Whitescarver [Baptist?]   Also Rev Mr. Weddell at 3 ½ oclock  Rev Mr. Stuart preached at M. E. C. S. at 6 ½ oclock\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 17, 1874:  \"A drove of very fat cattle went through our town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 1, 1874:  \"Singing by Professor Bucher at 11 o'clock.  Black Liz had a child and carried it to the stable, child had a bunch of straw crammed in its mouth, found dead.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 13, 1874:  \"A drove of cattle came through our town.  1 drove of hogs went through our town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 17, 1874:  \"A large drove of cattle went through our town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 22, 1874: \"Sabbath Morning.  Class at the usual hour at 9 o'clock.  Preaching by Rev. Mr. Engel [Eagle].  Sabbath School at 2 o'clock.  Preaching at 3 ½ o'clock by Rev. Mr. Whitscarver.   Prayer meeting at the usual hour 6 ½ o'clock.  Very warm  mercury up to 82 degrees.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 26, 1874: Two houses and lots were sold in Bridgewater for $375 each.  [Smals always drew a house when one was sold and when people moved to another house].\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 8, 1874: \"The old Methodist Church in Mt. Crawford Blown Down by wind today.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 13, 1874: \"Rev Engel [Eagle] came home from Conference this morning.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 11, 1874:  \"A drove of cattle gone through our town to the mountains. Lovefeast at 9 o'clock.  Preaching at 11 by John H. Marten.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 18, 1874:  \"Charley Hottle and Jack Higgins were arrested for stealing a large iron pot of Davie Danner and put in the calaboose for 3 hours and there whipped on the bare back, Charley 8 lashes and Jack 4.\"  [Doesn't say if these two were black or white.]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 4, 1874:  \"This is Pention [sic] Day for the soldiers of the war.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 9, 1874:  \"A great many persons in our town today for flowers for the soldiers graves.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 10, 1874:  \"This is Memorial Day in Harrisonburg of Confederate Soldiers graves.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 16, 1874:  \"A Negro strike on the Railroad today.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 18, 1874:  \"President of NGRR and chief engineer in town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 25, 1874:  \"Quarterly meeting commenced today by the Colored People in Bridgewater.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 25, 1874: \"The Normal Professors and Scholars gone on the Round Hill, a pleasure trip.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 15, 1874: \"Professors and Boys had a fine game of Bass Ball this afternoon.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOctober 2, 1874:  \"Colonel Osburn gone home and I suppose that is the end of the Broad Gauge RR.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNovember 2, 1874: \"Adam Rader butchering today.\" [Adam Rader was the first mayor of Bridgewater, Virginia and organized the first Methodist church in that town in 1841.  He is commemorated in a stained glass window in the Bridgewater United Methodist Church].\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 4, 1874:  \"This is Pention [sic] Day of the Soldiers of the War.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 13, 1874: \"Rev Haines buried in Port Republic. Requested that all people who had heard him preach come to see him buried.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 28, 1874:  \"Negro frolick in our town tonight.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 1, 1875: \"The Sivil [sic] Rights Bill passed both houses.  Nigger can look to have his head broke.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 28, 1875: \"Dick Rogers killed 1 loon and 1 Night Heron.\" [accurate sketches of both birds]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 24, 1875:  \"A panther attacked one of Wises boys this morning on Wises.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 24, 1875:  \"A panther attacked one of Wises boys this morning on Wises.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 9, 1875:  \"A Negro hung near Harrisonburg for insulting a white woman today without judge or jury.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 13, 1875: \"Methodist Camp Meeting commence today above Mt. Sidney.  Rev. Mauzey [Mausee] gone to attend this meeting.  Also a camp meeting near Lacey Springs commence to day held by United Brethren.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 24, 1875:  \"A parsel of Negroes were blowed up on the Railroad in a cut near the Darah Coal mines.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 25, 1875:  \"Severell droves of cattle, hogs and  sheep went through our town today to market.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOctober 15, 1875: [Sketch of a steam sawmill.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 2, 1876: Sabbath Morning.  \"A blind man by the name of Johnson addressed the Sunday School and children.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 10, 1876: \"A large supper and surprise party given at Rev. Mauzeys [Mausee], about 50 in number.\"    \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 21, 1876: \"Monday morning cloudy and rain.  This is Court Day.  A great many persons in town to day.  A great many drunk.  The Mite Society met at the Parsonage at 7 o'clock. Collected 6 dollars and some cents.  Miss Player was indited before the grand jury for killing her child by sticking scissors in its neck, seven holes.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 6, 1876:  \"Great Disaster happened at the Narrow pass. Bridge broken, cars went down and killed 11 and wounded all of the crew and killed 96 cattle and tore everything to pieces.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 11, 1876:  \"A Sons of Purity had a procession and fair today in Town Hall. A great many black folks present. They realized about $45 for their society.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 20, 1876:  \"Black Amos gone to Montrey with his wagon with provisions for convicts.\"   [Many entries about people taking provisions to convicts.]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 20, 1876:  \"Black Peter died at the Poor House.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 3, 1876:  \"Black Charley Teter got drunk and Mr. Simpson struck him in the mouth and Charley was put in the calaboose.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 10, 1876:  \"Black folks have Picnick at Mt. Sidney today.  The band is gone up to Sidney.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 18, 1876: Sabbath Morning.   \"…the M. E. Church received a new library today, 125 volumes of good literature.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 12, 1876: \"Old Miller Campbell drown in a barrel of water in Daton this morning.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 21, 1876: \"Jedediah Hotchkiss of Staunton lectures geography of Virginia today at two o'clock.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 31, 1876:  \"Convicts came off the road and gone near Rawley Springs to get out Railroad ties.\"  [Convicts now working on the RR, not blacks]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 19, 1876: \"Adam Rader came to town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOctober 1, 1876: Sabbath -[Henry Smals attended Quarterly meeting at Naked Creek.]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOctober 24, 1876: \"4 droves of cattle came through our town.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNovember 5, 1876: Sabbath-\"John Allemong very sick\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNovember 6, 1876: \"John Allemong still sick.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNovember 7, 1876:  Declares Tilden and Hendricks as elected President and VP of the country\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 4, 1877: Sunday -  \"The colored Quarterly Meeting closed this evening about 9 o'clock.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 5 1877:  \"A black man the name of R. Coffman went to John Hatfields and choked John's wife and hurt her face and arm, and went in pursuit of him and caught him at James Davis and brought him to Mr. Byrds and Mr. Byrd sent him to jail for further trial.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 16, 1877:  \"Negroes have a dance in the lower room in Odfellow Hall tonight.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 5, 1877:  Notes inauguration day but doesn't mention names.  Perhaps he's disappointed his candidates didn't win after all.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 16, 1877: [Smals mentions Pastors Graechen and Kinzer who were both new ministers at the M. E. Church on the Bridgewater Circuit.]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 19, 1877:  \"The trial of the black man comes off today for an attempt of rape, was condemned to the penitentiary for 10 years.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 2, 1875:  \"S. Coffman was arrested for assault and battery.\" [a black man].\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 1, 1877: \"Preaching at M. E. Church by Rev. Kinzer.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 23, 1877:  \"Mr. Shifflett condemned to be hung by the neck till he is dead dead dead\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 25, 1877:  Shiffletts hanging to be done June 29.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 12, 1877:\"a new engine went through our town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 23, 1877: \"The Masons had a picknick below the bridge today.  All the Masons in town were present.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 24, 1877: Sabbath morning: \"Preaching by Rev. Kinzer in M. E. Church.  Preaching in the Brethren Church at 8 o'clock in the evening.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 29, 1877:  Hanging put off for further trial.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 4, 1877:  \"This is Independence Day, great parade in Harrisonburg about 5,000 persons present.  Fine day for a celebration in Harrisonburg.  Several speeches made in the courtyard.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 11, 1877:  \"Verdict brought in for Shifflett for murder in the first degree.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 19, 1877: Sunday: \"About 3,000 people at a Camp Meeting in Parnassus.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 24, 1877:  \"A picnic at Harrisonburg by the Negroes\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 25, 1877:  A white picnic at Mt. Crawford.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 1, 1877:  \"The [traveling] Centennial closed tonight for the White People.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 2, 1877: \"Preaching in M. E. Church by Rev. Graechen.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 3, 1877:  \"Today Centennial opened for the Colored People.  A good crowd present.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 5, 1877:  \"Several drove of cattle came through our town.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 9, 1877: \"Preaching by Rev. Mausey [Mausee].\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWednesday, September 12, 1877: \"Rev. Roe preached in M. E. Church tonight on object of Bibles.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 23, 1877: \"I [Smals] delivered an address to the Sunday School Prayer Meeting tonight.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 25, 1877:  \"Mr. Shiflett was hung in Harrisonburg today about 1 o'clock.\"  [Sketch of a hangman's noose and gallows drawn]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 3, 1877:  \"Some fine stock went through our town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNovember 11, 1877:  \"Boat was built to cross the river; big rope extended to both sides.\" [draws picture of rope and boat crossing the river.]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNovember 14, 1877: Preaching by Rev. Graechen.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNovember 27, 1877: \"…Jenkins nephew making boats to cross river.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 8, 1877: \"A boat sank today with a load of wood on the wagon belonging to Daniel Evans, supposed to weigh 6 tons.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 14, 1877:  \"Commenced the bridge.\" [drew a picture of a stone bridge].\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 17, 1877: \"Uncle Adam Rader paralyzed today.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 18, 1877: Jacob Dinkel died [brother in law of Smals].\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 25, 1877:  \"Colored band has gone to Harrisonburg.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 26, 1877:  White band invited to play at a party.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 1878: [ Work continues on the bridge.]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 22, 1878: \"Business very dull.  John Allemong put his calico down to 5 cents per yard.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 26, 1878: \"Boys killed a red fox on Round Hill today.  Shot by John Keaton.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 31, 1878: \"John Smith and Right Hartman had a fight today in the confectionaire [sic].\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 1, 1878: Rev. Graechen came to town.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 7, 1878: \"Samuel S. Miller cut his hand in my shop.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 9, 1878: \"The Dunkards made arrangements to build a church out at the woods.  Layed off the ground today.  Joe Summerlance and Tailor Sheetz had a fight at the bridge today.  Paid a fine of dollar apiece by decision of the Mayor.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 13, 1878:  [Smals took sick for 2 weeks; no entries.]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 6, 1878:\"Our annual Conference goes in session today in the City of Baltimore. Business looking up now.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 7, 1878:  \"Black woman linched [sic] and hung for burning a barn.\" [drew picture of gallows]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 19, 1878: \"Great Elocution in M. E. Church to night by Rev. Ross.  A failure. Ross sick.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 22, 1878:  \"Henry Smals fell in the river today.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 28, 1878:  \"Trussels finished on the bridge.\"  [Children and ladies crossed first]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 9, 1878:  [Bridgewater Enterprise, first paper printed in Bridgewater; J.H. Smals bought the first paper off the press.]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 12, 1878:  \"Bridge finished; first wagon and cart driven over.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 30, 1878:  [Notes Dr. doing \"obstetricks\" [sic];  316 cases; lost only 1 mother.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 18, 1878:  \"Colored People have their first Quarterly meeting in this town.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 20, 1878:  \"Commenced putting on shingles on Bridge roof today.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 21, 1878:  \"Black Jack Higgins and Black Sam Williams had a fight on the road.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 31, 1878: \"Peter Miller started to Baltimore to purchase stock for his factory.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 3, 1878: \"John Hatfield and Gallice Miller finished the bridge today.  Gallice Miller drove the last nail.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 5, 1878:  \"Commenced painting the bridge. . . . Bridge finished today.\" [Sketch of the finished bridge]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 10, 1878: \"Presbyterians organized their church today.  Rev. Price preached in the Lutheran Church.\"  \"Spits of snow with 3 ½ inches on Mountain.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 14, 1878:  \"Great decoration of soldier's graves; amount of persons present about 12,000; a good many went from Bridgewater.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 20, 1878: \"Perry Meace crossed the Bridge with a steam boiler weighing 9200 pounds.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 22, 1878:  \"2 Beef Wagons in town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 23, 1878:  \"Preaching in M. E. Church today by Reverend Kinzer.  Mr. Kiracofe married to Miss McWilliams.  Some of the Negroes had a fuss in their church.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 28, 1878:  \"2 hundred pounds of butter came to town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 29, 1878:  \"A great deal of butter came to town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 4, 1878:  \"This is Independence Day.  A fourth of July Celebration held at Edinburg today.  A good many persons gone to the celebration at Edinburg from this town.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 6, 1878:  \"A big trial with the niggers for misdemeanor at their church.  Jane Bookers, Nels Lee and Addel Johnston were fined 50 cents each and cast and bound over the peace for 12 months.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 19, 1878:  \"Picnic by the colored people at their schoolhouse tonight also tomorrow night.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 21, 1878: Preaching by Rev. Daniel [David] Bush at Church.  \"Meeting at M. E. Church to pass a Resolution to have a festival on the 9 and 10 of August for the benefit of the M. E. Church.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 25, 1878: \"Editor Delaney is taking the origin of our town from year 1826.\"  [This was apparently a history of Bridgewater].\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 27, 1878: Rev. Rosenbough at M. E. Church.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 1, 1878:  \"A picnic of the Colored people at Coonrods Store today.  Our Colored Band went to play for them.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 3, 1878: Iron safe weighing 5110 pounds installed in Bank of Bridgewater. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 4, 1878: [Smals birthday.  Preaching by Rev. Graechen in M. E. Church.]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 9, 1878: Camp Meetings at Parnassus and Fort Defiance.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSunday, August 11, 1878: \"No class today in consequence of church being out of order.\" [Repairs?]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 20, 1878: Frank Miller got 15 years in penitentiary for stealing horses.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 25, 1878: Meeting at the new Dunkard Church.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 28, 1878: \"Dr. Brown got his printing press.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 30, 1878:  \"Colored People's Camp Meeting commenced tonight near George Kerekoff's, on his land.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 6, 1878:  \"A Colored man preached tonight at camp meeting near our town.\"  [The meeting closed on the 8th.]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 20, 1878:  \"Great parade with the Negroes in Harrisonburg celebrating their freedom.\" [drew 4 black heads]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOctober 24, 1878: \"Rod and balls for church put on.\" [The legibility is unclear for this entry but from the accompanying sketch, it appears a lighting rod was installed on the church].\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOctober 27, 1878: Rev. Green preached in M. E. Church.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNovember 3, 1878: Rev. Rosebough preached in M. E. Church.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 1, 1878: Rev. Hat preached in M. E. Church.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 25, 1878:  \"Colored had a fair in Town Hall.  Realized $8.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 16, 1879:  \"Black Nels Lee got married to Black Allard.  Rev. Mauzy married them.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 23, 1879:  \"Nels Lee moved into the house at the end of the Plank Walk.  Colored people working on their church.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 15, 1879: Rev. Grachen preaching.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 17, 1879: \"A Grand Supper gave by the Band of Bridgewater.  Cornet Band to night.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 20, 1879: \"Charles Furry's wife had twins to night.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 28, 1879: \"Mr. McClouds House burnt up about 11 o'clock to night.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 1, 1879: \"A fine Revival going on in Harrisonburg. About 76 conversions up to this date.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 5, 1879: \"Our Annual Conference goes in session at Salem, Roanoke County.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 6, 1879:  \"Commenced work again on the African church in rear of our church. George White bought 5 hogs of Mrs. Ward for $20.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 8, 1879: Four day conference.  [likely M. E. Church]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 12, 1879: Eight day conference adjourned.  Brother Kinzer returns to our Sircuit [sic] and Rev Holcomb [Homan?] moved to Jesse Frys house in our town.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 14, 1879:  \"Negro Exhibition at old Town Hall tonight.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 19, 1879: \"Dr. Brown moved his drug store to Armstrongs store room and also the printing press upstairs in Browns Store.  Samuel Miller upset his buggy and broke the top off it.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 22, 1879: \"Lute Swartz killed a Sandhill Crane this morning.\" [sketch of crane]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 30, 1879: \"Quarterly meeting going on at Crawford.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 13, 1879: \"Preaching by Kummingham [R. S Cunningham] at M. E. Church.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 14, 1879: Henry Smals got sick on his way to Richmond Odd Fellows Conference.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 29, 1879: \"A. Hollins brought a load of agricultural implements to the Old Town Hall.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 10, 1879:  \"Quarterly meeting with the colored people today.  Presiding elder present.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 29, 1879: \"Peter Miller's stable burnt down.  Supposed to have caught from the engine of Mr. Sheetz.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 9, 1879:  \"This is Memorial Day at Staunton to decorate the soldiers graves.  A good many persons gone from Bridgewater.\" [June 6-at Winchester-Memorial of the Dead-estimates 25,000 present]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThursday, June 12, 1879: \"This is the day the Lawn Festival commences in church yard at M. E. Church.  No festival on account of rain.\" [sketch]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 23, 1879: \"Willie Bradburn got his arms in the carding machine, tore off the flesh of half the arm.\" [Smals always drew a sketch of injured arms and legs]  \"about 2500 black bass put in the dam above the woolen factory.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 27, 1879: \"A great many cherries in our town to day at from 11 to 20 cents per gallon.  Mr. Mefall got his buggy and harness broken near Allemongs by hoisting an umbrella, horse got frightened.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 4, 1879: \"Day of Celebration in Harrisonburg, about 15,000 people present, 6 bands and 6 military companies, a powerful turnout.  98 degrees for 3 hours and one hour 100 degrees, awful dust.  It was supposed that $10,000 dollars was left in Harrisonburg today.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 13, 1879: Rev. Rosbrown [?] preached.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 21, 1879:  \"J.H. Smals at court, made 2 indictments on assault and battery, the other a rape on a small Negro child.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 15, 1879:  \"Rev. Boothe, Colored preacher, in United Brethren Church tonight.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 25, 1879: \"Oliver L. Rhodes made me a present of a fine hat this shape.\"  [sketch of the hat].\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 31, 1879:  \"Also dedication by the colored people of their church in our town.  Realized $72. Their presiding elder present. Had good order.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 1, 1879: Rev. Cunningham had gone to District Conference at \"Wainsborough.\"  [Waynesboro]. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 4, 1879:  \"The first issue of the Bridgewater Journal out.\"\t\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 5, 1879: First issue of the Bridgewater Journal published.  [sketch]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 6, 1879: Dr. Brown had gone to Rawley Springs to bottle water.   \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 14, 1879: Rev Kemper preached in PM.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 22, 1879:  \"This is Mansipation [sic] Day for the Negroes.\"  [Writes this in big letters and draws four black heads.]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOctober 2, 1879:  \"A blind black man sung in the African church this evening.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOctober 13, 1879:  \"Cars ran off the track and smashed 11 cars all to pieces, hurt a good many.\" [Smals does not tell where this happened]. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 28, 1879:  \"The winter meeting in the M. E. S. Church still in progress.  Herschel Young professed religion tonight\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOctober 29, 1879:  \"547 cattle passed through town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNovember 1879-January 1880:  Mentions a lot of religious meetings and conversions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNovember 2, 1879: \"56 for church service.  Protracted meeting still going on in M. E. Church.\"  [This revival continued for the first week or two of November] \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNovember 6, 1879:  \"Mr. Sheetz plank mill burnt down with 7,000 feet of lumber.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNovember 8, 1879: \"Several drummers in town today selling goods.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNovember 9, 1879: \"Wofered Vancant struck Joe William with a club at our church door.\"  [sketch of club with word club written on it]  \"John Myers was converted to night about 9 o'clock.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNovember 11, 1879: \"Moffett Miller, Dr. Bucher and Thrush Sellers were all converted.\" [Moffett Miller is commemorated in a stained glass window in Bridgewater United Methodist Church].\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNovember 21, 1879: \"I  H. Smals heard a great noise to night in the skyes about 12 o'clock. The Noise was as Distant Thunder.\"  [He noted that the temperature was 8 degrees the next morning.]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 8, 1879: \"Miss Rosenbaum came to our town to teach music on the piano from Staunton.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 13, 1879:  \"The Tunkard Brethren had quite a revival.  15 were baptized by immersion.  Old man Marshall killed a 568 ¼ pound hog.\"  [Sketch of hog, Smals always reported who all was butchering this time of year]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 24, 1879: \"Christmas tree in the M.E. Church.  A large attendance on the occasion.  In Shiffletts Hollow, Shifflett killed his brother Shifflett.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eChristmas Day: \"a ladder at the Methodist Church with presents for the children.\"[This must have been a structure erected for the children's presents].\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 30, 1879:  \"Lutherans locked the Baptist out of their church this evening.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 1, 1880:  \"Rev. Grennan preached in the Dunkard Church on the subject of baptism by immersion-3 times face down.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 13, 1880: \"Miss Mulley Robinson gone home to Harrisonburg with mail wagon.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 18, 1880: \"Preaching at 11 o'clock by Dr. John S. Martin in the M. E. Church.  Quarterly meeting.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 20, 1880:  \"John Allemong elected president of our Narrow Gauge Rail Road.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 21, 1880: \"A cave discovered on Blosser's Farm by Bud Peterson close to Pike about 2 ½ miles this side of Harrisonburg.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 22, 1880: \"The U. B. trustees sold the church to the Baptists for $400.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 24, 1880: \"Some scoundrel stopped my shop chimney up and smoked me powerful.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 28, 1880: \"One hundred cases of smallpox at Culpeper.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 3, 1880: \"The organ for the M. E. Church came this evening.\" [sketch]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 9, 1880: \"Campbell killed Smith at the Warm Springs today.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 11, 1880: Rev. Grachen preached at M. E. Church.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 23, 1880: Big fire in Bridgewater.  Destroyed Mr. Byrd's House and stable and burned the houses and out buildings of Mrs. Covington and Mrs. Arey.  $10,000 loss.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 2, 1880:  \"The chimneys of the burnt houses were thrown down today.  M. E. Church broken into and the organ injured.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 3, 1880: \"The Baltimore Conference met this morning at Front Royal, Warren County.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 4, 1880: \"Wild geese over river today near bridge.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 5, 1880:  \"Mr. Ehrman the Beef man in town today settling with his customers.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 6, 1880:  \"A man here today measured 6'7\" high.  He was a monster.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 22, 1880:  \"John Hatfield puts a roof on Mrs. Covington's dairy.  Commenced this morning for $5.  High winds-could hardly stay on the building.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 31, 1880:  \"The negroes had a fight at Lowman's stable last night.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 2, 1880:  \"A great negro trial at our courthouse.  About 90 persons present.  Jos. Higgins and John Bundy paid a fine of $3.90 each for fighting at the corporation [of Bridgewater.]\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 28, 1880: \"George Dinkel and A. H. Smals commence making brick back of the school house.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 6, 1880: \"George Jenkins wife had a child cut from her womb and saved the woman.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 17, 1880:  \"Old Black Aunt Dasha died this evening about 10:00 at Miss May Areys.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 23, 1880: Preaching by Rev. King.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 3, 1880:  \"Mr. Jacobs wife and others gone to Harrisonburg to see the decorations of the soldiers graves.  A very small crowd present.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 5, 1880:  \"A great Memorial Day at Winchester.  A great many persons present.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 10, 1880:  \"A lawn party at Harrisonburg by the Colored People and the Colored Band attended the party.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 14, 1880: \"Allemong gone to Staunton to close of female school of the M. E. C. South.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 17, 1880: \"Mrs. Goldsmith buried to day in our grave yard and Brother Cunningham preached text Revelation.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 19, 1880:  \"Colored Band went to Newmarket to the Cave.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 2, 1880:  \"The colored people had a festival tonight at their church. Realized $7.30.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 3, 1880: \"Hopewell was elected Sargent [sic] for the Corporation Bridgewater colored people.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 3, 1880:  \"Colored people had another festival. Realized $10.18.\" [White lawn parties Smals mentions raise anywhere from $40-$70].\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 6, 1880: Smith stole George Milstead's watch and about ten dollars in money. [He got it back in the next day or so].[Smals records that Bridgewater had a population of 400 people in July 1880]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 8, 1880:  \"The amount of population of the encorporation of Bridgewater is 400 white and colored.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 20, 1880: \"T. P. Humphreys gone to Sunday School Convention at Valley Grove between Baltimore and Washington City.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 30, 1880:  \"The Sons of Purity [colored] have a great parade today in Harrisonburg.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 31, 1880:  \"The colored band gone to Pleasant Valley to a picnic.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 6, 1880:  \"Rev Bush and Rev. Wolfe came down the street in a Rockaway and spindle broke and one jumped out the other fell out of the Rockaway and neither got hurt.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 9, 1880:  \"Henry Hocks and T. Sheets had a fight.  Sheets struck H. Hocks with a piece of iron.  It is supposed that Hocks was in fault.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 21, 1880:  \"A good many cattle and sheep gone through our town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 22, 1880: Sabbath: \"Preaching by the Tunkards at the far end of town.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 3, 1880:  \"A big watermelon trial between Joseph Nisewander and the Kerecoofs.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 25, 1880:  \"The negroes had a picnic at Mt. Solon today.  The Nigger Band played for them.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 30, 1880:  \"Colored People Village Camp commenced this evening in this place.  A negro show at the River schoolhouse.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOctober 1, 1880: \"Old Uncle Adam Rader has come over to our town at the age of 90 years old.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOctpber 19, 1880: \"A big show in Harrisonburg today, a great many persons present.  Some drunk and some sober.\" [sketch of circus tent]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNovember 11, 1880:  \"Peter Miller gone to West Va. on a preaching ture [sic] today.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNovember 29, 1880: \"I  H. Smals killed my hog today.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 1, 1880: \"Some scoundrel cut the guts of Charley Teters horse this morning.  Mat Barber was arrested for gutting the horse, his trial comes off next Saturday in this place.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 4, 1880: Mat Barber trial commence in old Town Hall. [Smals implies that others were implemented, but the trial outcome is not clear]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 24, 1880: \"Coldest weather I ever felt or saw.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 31, 1880:  \"25 degrees below zero.   Frank Erwin and Dewit Brown froze their ears stiff.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[A note in the back of this book says 32 snows fell in the winter of 1880-81].\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 3, 1881:  \"8 degrees below zero, wood getting very scarce.  E. B. Simpson went to Harrisonburg today with snow shoes, they are about six feet long and six inches wide.  Oh this is fearful weather, a great deal of slaying going on.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 6, 1881: \"Professor Geason gave a Grand Free Exhibition of Scientific Horsemanship today and commenced a class with 20 or more pupils at $2.00 per pupil.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 21, 1881: \"the horse tamer is in our town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 6, 1881:  \"Niggers had a fight in African Church tonight.\" [Drew 3 black heads]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 7, 1881: \"I H. Smals made a pair of boots for a Mr. Stokes that he wore for 25 years, please beat that.  There were 26 persons at the young mens prayer meeting in M.E.C. to night.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 12, 1881:  Sam Williams was fined $10 and bound over the Peace for 12 months. Jos. Williams the same and Oliver Failer was fined $5 and bound over for 12 months for fighting in the African Church last Sunday in Bridgewater, VA.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 17, 1881:  \"Allemony's Cattle Sale today.  His yearlings sold at $16 per head.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 2, 1881: Stuart Lindsey lead union prayer meeting in M. E. Church at 5 o'clock. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 6, 1881: \"Mr. McNeal came to our town to see his sweet [sketch of heart] and I tell you she is very Handsome.  he lives in Hardy County.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 7, 1881: \"Engineers and Simpson gone on the route of the railroad.\"  [sketch of surveyor's level]  Rev. Mr. Whisner came to Marg Areys.  A good many preachers went through our town to Harrisonburg to Conference.\"  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 27, 1881: Rev. Bush had his first sermon in M. E. Church.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 28, 1881:  \"Joseph Williams taken to jail by Hopewell for fighting in Methodist Church, Colored.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 29, 1881: \"Joseph Williams taken to jail for fighting in Methodist Church, colored.  The Engineers Simpson and Bell came home from their Byrds Eye Survey.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 1, 1881: Preaching at M. E. Church by Rev. Deans.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 14, 1881: \"F. K. Speck went after Uncle Adam Rader who died on the 7 of the present month at Culpeper County near Brandy Station.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 16, 1881: \"Uncle Adam Rader has been brought to this town to be buried in our grave yard this evening.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 23, 1881:  Jesse Fry shot Dr. Jones cow in his wheatfield with small shot.\"\t\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 5, 1881: \"Adam Smals commence the brick church at Mossy Creek today with 6 hands.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 7, 1881:  Colored people's 1st Quarterly meeting held in this place.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 8, 1881: \"Preaching by Rev. Price in M. E. Church at 7 ½   oclock.  Mrs. Stickler lost 2 $5 Dollar Notes some where between the M.E. Church and home.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 24, 1881: \"This is the most powerful year for Locus Blooms I ever saw.  I hope will get a good corncrop.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 15, 1881:  Mr. Wm. S. Perry sold a calf 10 days old for $5.75 to Frank and Will Ervin.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 21, 1881: \"Thrush Sellers finished Mrs. Covington's fence today at $8.00.\"  [sketch of  iron fence]  \"He finished a lattice fence the next day.\" [sketch of lattice fence]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 1, 1881: \"John Carpenter Brought an Engine Thresher to Bridgewater.  Daily mail commences between Bridgewater and Stribling Springs.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 2, 1881: \"Quarterly meeting commences this morning at Sangerville.  Presiding elder is I. S. Martin.  President Garfield was Shot in the City of Washington, District of Columbia.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 8, 1881:  \"A Colored Festival in Mt. Sidney today and night.  Realized $50.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 13, 1881: \"Dr. Brown tapped Mrs. Showalter near Mt. Solon, 10 pints of water from her abdomen.\"  [Dr. Brown was often noted being present at births].\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 18, 1881: \"Dr. Brown had the first Roastnears in our town.\"  [sketched ear of corn] \"GrandMaster Crowder from Staunton will be with us in our lodge tonight as Odfellows.\"  [Belongs to Ancient Odfellows of Bridgewater Lodge.  Frequently writes in some kind of \"lodge code\"]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 21, 1881:  \"The Negro Band gone 4 miles above Staunton today to a lawn party.  They get $10 for the trip.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 24, 1881:  \"Mr. Looses, Mr. Hartman's, Mr. Minoss, and Mr. Allemony's cows died from eating molasses cane today.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 26, 1881:  \"John Allemony's other cow is very sick.  A Negro shot himself near Mt. Solon today with a pistol accidental.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 29, 1881:  \"The Colored People have a Lawn Party in our Odfellow Hall tonight and tomorrow night.\"  [Aug. 10 and 11-White lawn party held on school grounds]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 20, 1881: \"Cora Crickenberger cut her throat and stabbed her self in the head two or three times.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 23, 1881: \"This day District Conference commence 2 oclock in M. E. Church.  Preachers present.  Conference organized at 3 oclock this evening, John S. Martin in the chair, a good many preachers present and a large Lay Delegation Present.  Preaching at 8 oclock this evening by  Rev. A Weller.  Conference lasted all week.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 29, 1881: \"all the preachers gone home today.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 2, 1881: \"Mrs. B. Kyles lamp exploded this evening but did not hurt any one.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 4, 1881: Rev. Tailor had prayer meeting at M. E. Church.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 9, 1881:  \"A Lawn Festival held in M. E. Church lot to night, Realised about $25.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 10, 1881:  \"Festival Lawn Party tonight in churchyard.  Colored People have a picknick [sic] today at their church.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 20, 1881:  \"Shef Lewis and Wise fought a duel today.  Neither of them hurt.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 22, 1881: \"Henry Smals I appoint you as Stuart for the Corporation of Bridgewater Council given under my hand for the sum of two Dollars for Services Commencing on the first of July 1881 and Closing July 1, 1882.\" _ M. Stickler, Mayor\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 24, 1881:  \"A Lawn Party at Mt. Solon by the colored people.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 25, 1881: Rev. Hildebrand preached at M. E. Church.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOctober 1, 1881:  \"Colored band gone out to play for a picknick near Pleasant Valley in Rockingham County.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOctober 5, 1881:  \"James Clary open his Degarian [?] Saloon at Robert Funks.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOctober 6-7, 1881:  \"Colored at Allemony's this evening at 8:00. . . .Colored meeting still going on in this town.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 13, 1881: \"Mrs. Arey came home today. Sabbath morning class at the usual hour 9 oclock, Sabbath school at 2 ½  oclock.  Prayer meeting at M. E. Church 7 oclock.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNovember 18, 1881: \"Clear and Warm. A Great Republican procession in Harrisonburg to night, Governor Walker came to our town.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNovember 19, 1881:  \"Rev Perrys children all have the Hooping Cough.  Some of them very poorly tonight.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNovember 20, 1881: \"Preaching at 11 oclock by Rev Hildebrand.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNovember 21, 1881: Court Day.   \"Professor Steel commence his Wrighting School today.\"  [sketch of quill] \"N. Marion Miller gone to Het Smals to do sowing for them.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNovember 22, 1881: Cloudy and cool.  \"Stuart Lindsay has gone to Monterey to see his sick wife.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNovember 27, 1881: \"No preaching in town today.  Mrs. J Lindsey and T Lindsey came from Monterey this evening.  Stuart Lindseys wife some better.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 1, 1881: \"Dr. T. H. Brown gone to Moorefield Hardy County to see his daughter Verdie Mcneal [McNeil]…  Mr. Jos Byrd move to his new house today.\"  [sketch of 2 story house with 2 chimneys, Smals sketches of houses that people bought and sold often show details which were probably characteristic to the particular house] \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 4, 1881: Preaching at 11 o'clock by Rev. Bush.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 6, 1881: \"Stuart Lindseys wife some better.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 10, 1881: \"P. Miller gone to Broadway to see about the schoolhouse to be built here or at Broadway.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 11, 1881: \"No preaching in town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 12, 1881: \"Cloudy and threaten for snow cold weather.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 14, 1881: \"Snowed through the night one inch in depth.\" [drew a one inch purple line]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 16, 1881: \"Stuart Lindsey and wife came home from her Father's at Monterey, She is right peart.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 25, 1881: Sabbath morning clear and cold this is Christmas Day. Prayer Meeting at 5 oclock, Class meeting at 9 oclock , No preaching at 11 oclock, Sabbath school at 2 oclock, Preaching at 6 ½  oclock by Rev D. Bush.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 26, 1881: \"Professor Hull commenced his singing school today.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 27, 1881: \"Peter Miller is receiving contribution of the German Baptist Formal School to be established at this place.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 28, 1881: Clear and warm.  \"the Baptist members are moving their church back 6 feet today. D. John Allemong sick.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 4, 1882: \"John Allemong very sick.  Allemong has Nierulalgia of the Bowels.  8 inches of snow.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 5, 1882: \"Allemong no better.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 6, 1882: \"J.W. F. Allemong no better\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 10, 1882: \"Street Lamps made for the Corporation, they will be put in a short time.\"  [sketch of lamp]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 11, 1882: \"John W. F. Allemong some better.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 17, 1882: \"Allemong still improving, able to get up and be shaved.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 18, 1882: \"the Ladies are holding a Missionary metng this afternoon in M. E. Church at 3 ½ oclock.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 20, 1882: \"John W. F. Allemong improving very fast\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 24, 1882: \"Allemong has gotten well\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 27, 1882: Jury brought in a verdict, that Guitttoes [sic] committed Murder in first Degree for killing President Garfield.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 2, 1882:  \"groundhog day: He saw his shadow.\"  [Smals drew a sketch of a ground hog every year, but his drawings resembled a cat more than a ground hog]  \"Allemong hauling ice from Factory and Robert Wrights Ponds.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 10, 1882: \"Charley Schenk fell in the Creek\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 12, 1882: Preaching at 11 oclock by Rev. Hildebrand.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 15, 1882:  \"Miss Ryan buried in our graveyard today at 3 oclock   Funeral preached by Rev Hildebrand.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 17, 1882:  \"Oyster supper this evening for the Benefit of the M. E. Church, realized $21.50 Dollars.  John Allemong Enlarged his office to day.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 18, 1882:  \"Adjourned Quarterly meeting met in Allemong's Office today.  Oyster supper this evening for the Benefit of the M. E. Church.  Realized [?]  Dollars.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 19, 1882: \"Preaching by Rev Rosebrow in M. E. Church at 7 oclock.  Mrs. McNeil of Hardy County Dr. Browns Daughter had a son born today at Dr. Browns.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 21, 1882: \"Uncommon windy and Storm and uncommon muddy…  Rev. Kinzer came to our town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 22, 1882: \"Rev. Kinzer preached for us.  Click Miller, Ad Hollum, Walter Davis and John Allemong bought the wood factory and Foundrey for the sum of $9000 Dollars.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 25, 1882: \"A Great many Deprecations acted tonight by the Boys, Shooting, Cursing, Swearing and being Drunk.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 26, 1882: \"Preaching in M.E. Church by Rev Bush and Sacrament of the Lords Supper.  Hopewell shot a chicken for Salley Fitchew.  Laurence fired a pistol also on the Sabbath.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 2, 1882: \"Queen Victoria was shot and mist her.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 6, 1882: \"Preachers all fixing to go to Conference.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 8, 1882: \"Sheets sold his Hartman Lot and house to J. W. F. Allemong for the sum of $200 dollars.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 14, 1882: \"Stuart Lindseys wife very poorly.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 16, 1882:  \"Rev. Hildebrand came back from Conference today to our town.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 17, 1882: \"Joseph Attaffer died this morning at 1 oclock.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 18, 1882: \"Saturday morning cloudy sleet and Rain  Rained all day long,   Joseph Attaffer buried today.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 22, 1882: \"Dog bit Eugene Ervin in the hand this morning very badly.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 26, 1882: \"David Bush preached.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 2, 1882: Rev. Whitescarver preached.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 7, 1882: \"Widow John Arey died this morning.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 16, 1882: \"Preaching by Rev. Tailor at Barbees Office.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 17, 1882: \"Jacob Wynant's Horse Run off.  It went home and never Broke his Buggy.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 20, 1882: \"Joseph Beery Hung himself in his grainery this morning about 5 oclock on Linville Creek the cause not known. Jack Thuma killed a large loon.\"  [sketch]  [Smals wrote of at least four horse-runoff episodes during April].\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 24, 1882: \"Mrs. Stuart Lindsey Died at Jacob Lindseys House…\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 4, 1882: \"The smallest Baby Born to day in the world some where in the north, it weighed 8 ounces and was perfect child.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 5, 1882: \"The Mossy Creek folks settled with Allemong to day for the church.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 6, 1882: \"A waggon Run over G. Claude Smals to day and Did not Break any of his Limbs.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 11, 1882: \"The Presbyterian Church was dedicated to Day.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 18, 1882: \"A fish and meat house opened here to day.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 28, 1882: \"Rev. Armstrong preached the Dedicatory sermon for the Mt. Solon Church to day and Realized money enough to the pay the Deposit on the Church which was $300.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 6, 1882: \"Jack Dooms finished the Parsonage House today.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 15, 1882: \"Jack Dooms finished the Parsonage Stable today.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 18, 1882: Rev. Bush preached. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 19, 1882: \"Isac Marshall Bought a Cow of Mr. Brown for a price of $45.00   She is a full Jersey.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 24, 1882: \"11 Wagons went through town for Blackberries to Parnassus, 50 bushels to town\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 1, 1882: \"A new Barbershop by Barber and John Collbert commenced to day.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 8, 1882: \"I H. Smals had the pleasure of shaving Francis O'ferell the Colonels Brother from Minnesota, he came to our town to see his Mother.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 17, 1882: Commenced laying Brick on the Bank to day.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 9, 1882: \"Overseer of the Poor took Peachy Hoak to the Poorhouse to day\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 12, 1882: \"I H. Smals was Disfranchised as Sexton and P. Hartman was put in my place.\"\n[This undoubtedly pertains to the Methodist Church]. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 14, 1882: \"Scaffold at Bank fell and hurt 3.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 23, 1882: \"Meinars Jim Dog died to day.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOctober 2, 1882: \"the Great Comet made its appearance this morning in the East.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOctober 4, 1882: \"H. Dice sold a lot to Casper Earheart for $100, 1 ¼ acre.  Thrush Sellers Bilds Mrs. Williams a house for $600 on High Street.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOctober 22, 1882: Preaching by Rev. Hildebrand.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOctober 23, 1882: \"Humphreys Loose got his new engine this evening, it cost about $1200.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 25, 1882: \"Jack Higgins and Jack Jones were tried and convicted for stealing and sent to jail.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 26, 1882: \"A Christmas tree for benefit of the Sabbath School Children.  Speech from Rev. D. Bush.\"  [sketch of Christmas Arch]Jan 24: \"Old Brother John Altaffer Died in this Place this evening about 4 oclock at age of 84 ½  years old, he has been a Methodist for 65 year and over.\" [Commemorated in stained glass window in Bridgewater United Methodist Church.]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 26, 1883: Rev Bush preached Altaffer's funeral.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 6, 1883: \"Our young Preacher Waters came to town this evening from Maeraland [Maryland].\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 1, 1883:  \"Colored boy died of scarlet fever [age 16] and buried in colored graveyard.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 24, 1883: Dr. Folensher preached.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 25, 1883:  \"A great many persons harvesting today-wheat very good.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 30, 1883:  \"Burn and Elam fought a duel near Wainsborough.  Elam got a flesh wound; the other was not touched.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 1, 1883: Preaching by Rev. Waters\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 8, 1883:  \"Our choir sung for the colored people today at 11:00.  Rev. B. Smith preached-a colored man.\" [Sunday]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 11, 1883: \"The Wizard men came to our town this evening and will stay until next Sabbath.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 12, 1883: \"Mr. Allemong and family gone to White Sulphur Springs to stay for 3 weeks.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 14, 1883:   Talks about a \"wizard man\" being in town for the week selling medicine.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 25, 1883: \"Hanger and wife joined the M.E. Church to night.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 29, 1883: Henry Smals granddaughter Sallie Miller married Samuel Boselmen.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 4, 1883: \"My Birth day.  I H. Smals was born on the 4 August 1810 Saturday in afternoon at 3 oclock near the head of Muddy Creek about 2 miles of the head of Linville Creek and Bowmans Mill.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 20, 1883:  \"George E. Dunnell killed a Negro.  Shot him in self-defense.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 20, 1883:  \"Mr. George Murry's ondley daughter [age 11] got killed at a cane mill.  The shaft caught her clothes and thread her around and beat her head soft.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNovember 8, 1883: \"Dr. Brown and Robert Whitescarver have a Quarrel in our Shop this morning, but Did not come to blows.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNovember 12, 1883: \"Dock Van Pelt moved to Sangersville, he has moved 18 times in 6 years.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 28, 1883:  \"A black man from Rockbridge County came to our town and married Black Maria Huldey yesterday in the African Church.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 31, 1883:  \"Watch meting to night in M. E. Church. Oyster supper by the colored people in Odfellows Hall.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 1, 1884:  \"Oyster supper by the Odfellows tonight in Odfellows Hall.  Everybody invited. Uncommonly cold; scarlet fever very bad in the area; ice 6\" frozen.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 4, 1884:  \"Mrs. Young was laying out a woman who had died and got some gastric juices on a sore on her hand and now suffers very much in consequence of it.\" [She was sick for about a week; Smals doesn't mention her after that.]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 26, 1884: \"Dr. Jones Drugstore caught on fire and burt up all his drugs and medcane [sic].  Did not burn the store house.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 11, 1884:  \"Colored people had their first Quarterly meeting at this place today.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 24, 1884:  \"William Fishback and a black man had a fight.  Fishback struck the negro in the head with a rock and Fishback had to pay a fine and cost which was $4.45.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 31, 1884:  A great \"bass ball\" game.  Bridgewater 28 Harrisonburg 25 and 2 whitewashes.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 11, 1884:  \"David Hooks whipped his sister with a yardstick this morning and left marks on her boddie.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 13, 1884:  \"Brady and Wine killed their first beef this evening.  Going to butcher all summer.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 15, 1884 : \"Lighting struck Rev. Raley [Lutheran] near Mt. Crawford and knocked his horse down but did not kill either of them.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 18, 1884: \"All the presses and other tools to Bridgewater this evening to make cigars.\" [sketch of cigar]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 19, 1884:  \"Nute Fry commenced butchering and selling beef in Bridgewater this morning.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 1884:  [Several mentions of a cigar/tobacco factory.]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 6, 1884: \"Old Jimmie Coakley, colored, died today near Rushville at the age of 110 years old.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 10, 1884: \"Sabbath Morning, Warm Cloudy.  Rained some last night.  This is Childrens Day with the M.E.C.S.  The collection amounted to 10 dollars.  Preaching by Rev. Waters at 11 oclock.  Exercises at 2 oclock, also at night.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 16, 1884: \"Professor Hoover and Professor Hulvey came to our town.  Spoke in the Old Town Hall as Democrats.\"\n[At this time Rev. Campbell was preaching in the Lutheran Church and Rev. Clark in the Baptist Church.  Smals usually mentioned the services in Lutheran and Baptist Churches].\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 30, 1884:  Cigar boys played and beat Bridgewater boys in baseball.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 3, 1884: \"Uncle Jake Hesberger raised a watermelon that weighed 47 ¾ pounds.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 7, 1884: Rev. Linch preached in M.E.C.S Church.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 13, 1884: \"A fellow going to walk on a Rope started from J. Dinkles to the top of the old Tavern.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 20, 1884:  \"The colored people have a local Preachers Convention here-will continue over Sunday.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 21, 1884:  \"Preaching at colored church by colored preacher.  Fifteen local preachers present at the Convention.  Large crowd of colored people present.  Collected $30.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 22, 1884: \"Jacob Bierly and son were killed in the well by foul air.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOctober 5, 1884: Rev. Ross preaching at M. E. C. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNovember 1, 1884: \"Mrs. Showalter Beat a little child today Black and Blue.  She was arrested and had her trial.  Paid the Corporation $5.00 and $25.00 to the County Court.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 6, 1884:  \"A negro shot another negro in Harrisonburg last night.  He was caught and lodged in jail to await trial.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 25, 1884: Thursday Morning Clear.  \"Very cold this Christmas Day, Plenty of ice on the River   Boys skating and shooting.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 26, 1884: \"I H. Smals Eat a fine Dinner at George Hangers.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDecember 27, 1884: \"Oyster supper to night by the Masons at Will Areys.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 12, 1885: \"The Cigar Boys commence making cigars today.\"  [Smals makes frequent  references to the \"cigar boys\" working in the cigar factory in Bridgewater]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 18, 1885: \"Old Mr. Hailman fell through the Bridge and Caught himself before he got to the water.\" [Smals had been writing regularly of work on the bridge]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 24, 1885: \"William H. Grove finished the Bridge today.  Got $56 for his 16 days work.\"   \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 21, 1885: \"21 below zero.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 11, 1885:  \"Nuten Smals came here from Hampshire County.  Brown Smals and Thomas Smals came to my house to day from Berkley County near Williamsport W.Va. to purchase cattle.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 18, 1885: \"Our Preachers have come from Conference to day.  Rev Dice the Presiding Elder and Rev Lynch and Prettiman [Prettyman] the Senior and Junior Preacher for one Year.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 21, 1885: \"Dam frozen over to night, never was known to freeze over in March before.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 22, 1885: Preaching by Rev. Reade [Reid?]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 24, 1885: \"Old Miller Areys sale today on Muddy Creek.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 25, 1885: \"Hales engine went through our town this morning.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 27, 1885: \"A Degarion [?] car came to town today.\" [sketch of train car, maybe an early photo studio?]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 28, 1885: \"The dogs killed a parse of sheep for John Allemong this morning. John Allemong discharged 6 of his cigar men.  Only 4 rollers left and 2 packers.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 3, 1885: [Good Friday.]  \"This is the day our Savior was crucified nearly 1900 years ago.\" [sketch of cross]  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 10, 1885:  \"The old Brick Shop that I Built 1840, 44 years ago, they are taring down to Build Drivers House.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 12, 1885: \"Bettie Brown joined the M. E. Church South.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 16, 1885: \"John Fisher rented the Lower Room of the Odd Fellows for the sum of  Two Dollars per month…\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 18, 1885: \"The first Quarterly Conference held in this place.   Presiding Elder present and both of the preachers on the Sircuit present and a good many of the Official Body present.  Brother Lynch gone to Spring Hill to hold a Quarterly meeting for the presiding Elders.  Brother Prettyman preached at night at 7 ½  oclock.\"  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 21, 1885:  \"Burk Sellers cow had twin calves.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 22, 1885: Moses Stickler had been recommended as Post Master in Bridgewater.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 26, 1885:  \"Two bysicles in our town.  Came from Harrisonburg in 52 minutes.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 28, 1885:  \"J.W.S. commenced getting new milk of Mrs. Jenkins today at 6 cents per quart.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 6, 1885:  \"Dinkel hired a bisicle in Harrisonburg to learn to ride on.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 15, 1885: \"My Daughter Annie Died to night at 10 oclock.  She was 42 years and some month old.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 20, 1885: \"Richard Berlin put a whistle on his engine today.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 8, 1885: \"Shifflett stabbedd Riddle 2 times in the side.  The one stab is supposed to be fatal.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 13, 1885:  \"Dr. Johnson's cow had 2 calves this morning.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJuly 1, 1885:  Post Office opened and first day of mail service in Bridgewater area.  Carriers going to Stribling Springs and Harrisonburg.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 24, 1885:  \"2 Negroes broke open wines at Funkhouser store and stole 2 suit of clothing, coffee and sugar, and other articles. A black woman found under a hay stack with her throat cut from ear to ear in Augusta County, VA.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 7, 1885:  \"Colored people had a Festival tonight at the Old Town Hall\" [3 sketches of black heads].\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 8. 1885:  \"Colored people continue their festival tonight.  Colored people have a Quarterly meeting on Crawford's farm today and tomorrow.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMarch 8, 1886:  \"The Colored Minstrel Singers came to our town today and sing tonight in the M.E. Church.  Colored in this town a perfect Humbug.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eApril 15, 1886:  \"The colored Preacher came here on his circuit today.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 7, 1886:  Notes marriage of 2 coloreds with a squiggly circle drawing.  \"Wm. Branson to Allace Brookins\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 26, 1886:  \"Charley Stuart moved in Berlintown in Joseph Nielwanders house.  He is a colored man.\" [sketch of black man's head].\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 1, 1886:  \"Mat Barber's child buried today in the Colored Graveyard in this town today at 11 o'clock.  Colored boy Joseph Riggle came to our town today to work in the factory.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 11, 1886:  \"John Wine's wife had twins and two days afterward his cow had twin calves.\" [sketch of twin calves]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJune 14, 1886:  \"The Colored people have a Picknick tonight for the benefit of their Preacher.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSummer of 1886:  Talks a lot about farmers harvesting their wheat all over and in July \"people are thrashing all over.\"  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 1, 1886:  \"The Colored People had a Bush meeting near Mt. Crawford.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 2, 1886:  \"A great show at the African church tonight by the colored folks.\"  [Pasted a picture of black musicians surrounded by violins, banjos and other instruments]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAugust 30, 1886:  \"Jackson Doomer's cow died this morning.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 4, 1886:  \"Another bucher shop opened near Allemony's store.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 18, 1886:  \"Mr. Isaac Marshall weighed his big hog today at 705 pounds.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOctober 16, 1886:  \"Colored Quarterly meeting commenced today in Bridgewater.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOctober 19, 1886:  \"Henry Dice and Frank Irvin came home from Pokehunters to bring his cattle home.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNovember 22, 1886:  \"Sanger Brothers started a Creamery today in Bridgewater.\"  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 15, 1887:  Josie Wise, colored, buried in the Colored Graveyard today at 11 o'clock.  A great many colored persons present.\"  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn speech:  [Smals spells the railroad president's name \"Auther Vandabilt\"]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOn blacks:  [Frequently mentions when they are born, married, and died and usually draws head sketches.]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOn travel:  [In 1877 a trip to Harrisonburg took 4 hours.]\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Henry Smals Papers, 1871-1891, consist of three boxes containing eighteen volumes of diaries written by Henry Smals of Bridgewater, Virginia. The topics of diary entries are brief outlining day-to-day activities. There are mentions of acquaintances that are ill, various business transactions conducted in town, the movement of livestock, and hay through town, ongoing town projects, church activities, marriages, births, deaths, and other details of town life. The activities of \"colored people\" are occasionally noted. Throughout the diaries, Smals made small drawings of people and animals and added illustrations clipped from newspapers. A folder, located in Box 3, contains printed copies of a partial index and a list of highlights for most volumes as well as an ad for \"Henry Smals, Fashionable Barber! Main Street, Bridgewater, Va.\"","July 9, 1871: Rev. Holland preached.","July 28, 1871: \"Negro procession burying a black man, 27 numbers.\"","August 11, 1871: \"Ingenears [sic] at work from Harrisonburg to Bridgewater.\"  [sketch of surveyor's transit]","August 17, 1871: \"Eingenears [sic] leveling the road through town.\"","October 10, 1871: [Described Chicago Fire giving damage figures and drew a sketch]","November 8, 1871: A man was fined.","March 31, 1872: \"Charley Clark got his leg broke by the kick of a horse in the street near the Methodist Church.\" Rev. Engel [J.J.Eagle] was preaching at Mossy Creek ","April 22, 1872:\"Poor Peter Swisher, black, in  town from the Poor House ","April 28, 1872: \"class as usual at Lutheran Church\" ","May 4, 1872: Preaching by Rev. Whitscarver at 3pm ","May 8, 1872: \"A Drove of cattle went through town today to West Virginia to graze.\" [sketch of cow skull] \"A Load of corn to Staunton.\" [ear of corn sketch][during this period time small pox [drew symbolic dots] was raging at Tenth Legion and there is reference ot Tobias Swartz making barrels [sketch of barrel]]","May 27, 1872: \"A Cow ate up a pocket book for Harry Soule with $140 in the book.","May 31, 1872: \"Negro riot at Mrs. Woodleys.\"","June 1872: \"Glade as dry as we had seen in 40 years.\"","June 23, 1872: \"No class today, our church is under repairs. Prayer meeting at Lutheran Church","July 13, 1872:  \"Black Peter and Black Tond [sp?] came here from the Poor House for a Quarterly meeting.\"","July 14, 1872:  \"A great many Black persons at their meeting at the orchard of Mrs. Brown's. Sabbath Morning.  - \"Preaching by Reverend Engel [Eagle].  Rev. Whitescarver preached in the Methodist Church.  A very small congregation today.\"","August 4, 1872: [Henry Smals birthday.]","August 5, 1872: \"Some Scoundrels went in T. Hites watermelon lot and cut and stole all his watermelons.\"","August 17, 1872:  \"2 droves of Fat Cattle went through our town today . . . Another drove of cattle and a drove of sheep.  Another drove of cattle.\"","August 23, 1872: \"A camp meeting commence at Lacey Springs for the United Brethren in Christ.\" ","August 28, 1872:  \"A company of Gipseys went through our town.\"","September 2, 1872:  \"Two droves of cattle went through our town.\"","September 3, 1872: \"Greely Club meeting this evening.\"","September 4, 1872: \"25 wells gone dry.\"","September 5, 1872: \"load of crocks from Mt. Sidney.\"","September 7, 1872:  \"Negro picnic at Mt. Solon today at 11 o'clock.\" [5 black heads drawn]","September 14, 1872:  \"A drove of cattle very fat came through our town today. Reverend Perry killed 23 squirrels.\"","September 21, 1872:  \"A drove of sheep from Hiland came through our town  . . . A drove of cattle went through our town.\"","September 22, 1872: \"A large crowd  at the M. E. Church South.\"","September 24, 1872:  \"Joseph Byrd and Squire Whitsearver gone to try a Negro.  He is a lunatick.\"","September 28, 1872:  \"Negro picnic in the woods near the town.\"","October 4, 1872:  \"A blind Negro playing on harp for a living . . . A Negro show in our town this evening at 8 o'clock.\"","October 11, 1872:  \"2 beaves killed this evening in our town.\"","October 15, 1872:  \"A drove of sheep, a drove of cattle went through our town today.\"","November 8, 1872:  \"1 drove of cattle went through our town to Faquire County.\"","November 14, 1872:  \"Horse disease [Epizooty] made its appearance in our midst.  No fatal cases reported as yet.  Chicken cholera also prevailing.  The Devil has been at loose among the stock, poultry, etc.\"","November 25, 1872:  \"A large drove of cattle went through our town today.\"Dec. 11, 1872:  [Writes in German.]","December 22, 1872:  \"Class at usual hour 9 o'clock, Sabbath School at 2 o'clock. Singing after class.  Also singing at 6 ½ o'clock, Closed singing a 8 o'clock.\"","December 30, 1872:  \"Sinclair Lewis came to town this evening.\"","December 31, 1872:  \"Mr. Mason, Superintendent of Poor House, in town today.\"","February 7, 1873:  \"Black people all gone to the railroad from Bridgewater.\"","March 8, 1873:  \"2 droves of cattle and 2 droves of sheep went through our town this evening. . .  The black presiding elder's name is Harst.\"","March 9, 1873: \"Singing by Professor Wartman at 10 o'clock.\"","March 10, 1873:  \"All the black boys from Bridgewater went to the railroad.\"","March 26, 1873:  \"A drove of cattle and hogs went through out town today-up the country.\"","March 27, 1873:  \"All the colored people gone to the railroad.\"","April 22, 1873 : \"There are 11 preachers in town.\"","April 27, 1873: \"Baptism by Immersion in the River near the Bridge.\"","May 12, 1873:  \"A drove of cattle went through our town to the mountains.\"","May 15, 1873:  \"A drove of cattle gone through our town to the mountains.\"","May 18, 1873: \"Hattie Dinkel and Frank Perry baptized.\"","May 28, 1873:  \"Shifflet killed a black man dead in his tracks on the railroad between Sangersville and Harrisonburg.\"","June-August, 1873:[A lot of talk about many people being in town looking for work on the railroad and how much work was being done; a lot of railroad business.]","June 22, 1873: \"Preaching by Reverend Nihiser.\"","August 27, 1873: [District Conference commenced in Mt. Crawford.]","August 31 1873,-  \"Preaching at M.E.C.S by Reverend Waugh.\"","September 6, 1873:  \"Negroes have a Sabbath school picnic this evening.\"","September 20, 1873:  \"1 Drove of fat cattle gone through our town.\"","October 1, 1873:  \"Wages on the NGR Road is cut down to $1.25 per day and board themselves.  Negroes would not work for that price.\"","October 2, 1873:  \"A great stampede with the Negroes striking for higher wages or work on the whole line on the Narrow Gauge RR.  A great many Negroes gone to Staunton.\"","October 3, 1873:  \"A great many Negroes in town today looking for work.\"","October 5, 1873 - Reverend Weddell was to preach in Temperance Hall.","November 1, 1873:  \"A large drove of cattle came through our town.\"","November 15, 1873:  \"Negro Fair today at their schoolhouse on the bank of the river.\"","November 24, 1873:  \"Joseph Williams shot a negroman a convict from the penitentiary but did not kill him.\"","December 12, 1873: \"Dr. McMarren came to our town to open a drug store.\" [mortar and pestle sketch]","December 16, 1873:  \"Finished work on the Broad Gauge RR this evening.\"","December 28, 1873: \" Preaching by a Northern Methodist.\"","December 29, 1873:  \"A Negro frolick in our town tonight in the Odd fellows Hall lower room.\"","January 1, 1874: \"John Allemong and Mack Aden leased the Band Mill of  George Berlin for 3 years.\"","January 3, 1874:  \"A drove of cattle went through our town today.  2 droves more cattle went through our town.\"","January 4, 1874:  \"Preaching at Brethren Church by Rev Nihiser.  Prayer  mtg. 6 ½  o'clock in M. E. C. S.\"","January 11, 1874:  Sabbath morning   clear cool   class at the usual hour of 9 oclock   Preaching by Rev. Mr. Engel [Eagle]  Sabbath School at 2 oclock   Preaching by Rev. Whitescarver [Baptist?]   Also Rev Mr. Weddell at 3 ½ oclock  Rev Mr. Stuart preached at M. E. C. S. at 6 ½ oclock","January 17, 1874:  \"A drove of very fat cattle went through our town today.\"","February 1, 1874:  \"Singing by Professor Bucher at 11 o'clock.  Black Liz had a child and carried it to the stable, child had a bunch of straw crammed in its mouth, found dead.\"","February 13, 1874:  \"A drove of cattle came through our town.  1 drove of hogs went through our town today.\"","February 17, 1874:  \"A large drove of cattle went through our town today.\"","February 22, 1874: \"Sabbath Morning.  Class at the usual hour at 9 o'clock.  Preaching by Rev. Mr. Engel [Eagle].  Sabbath School at 2 o'clock.  Preaching at 3 ½ o'clock by Rev. Mr. Whitscarver.   Prayer meeting at the usual hour 6 ½ o'clock.  Very warm  mercury up to 82 degrees.\"","February 26, 1874: Two houses and lots were sold in Bridgewater for $375 each.  [Smals always drew a house when one was sold and when people moved to another house].","March 8, 1874: \"The old Methodist Church in Mt. Crawford Blown Down by wind today.\"","March 13, 1874: \"Rev Engel [Eagle] came home from Conference this morning.\"","April 11, 1874:  \"A drove of cattle gone through our town to the mountains. Lovefeast at 9 o'clock.  Preaching at 11 by John H. Marten.\" ","May 18, 1874:  \"Charley Hottle and Jack Higgins were arrested for stealing a large iron pot of Davie Danner and put in the calaboose for 3 hours and there whipped on the bare back, Charley 8 lashes and Jack 4.\"  [Doesn't say if these two were black or white.]","June 4, 1874:  \"This is Pention [sic] Day for the soldiers of the war.\"","June 9, 1874:  \"A great many persons in our town today for flowers for the soldiers graves.\"","June 10, 1874:  \"This is Memorial Day in Harrisonburg of Confederate Soldiers graves.\"","June 16, 1874:  \"A Negro strike on the Railroad today.\"","June 18, 1874:  \"President of NGRR and chief engineer in town today.\"","July 25, 1874:  \"Quarterly meeting commenced today by the Colored People in Bridgewater.\"","July 25, 1874: \"The Normal Professors and Scholars gone on the Round Hill, a pleasure trip.\"","August 15, 1874: \"Professors and Boys had a fine game of Bass Ball this afternoon.\"","October 2, 1874:  \"Colonel Osburn gone home and I suppose that is the end of the Broad Gauge RR.\"","November 2, 1874: \"Adam Rader butchering today.\" [Adam Rader was the first mayor of Bridgewater, Virginia and organized the first Methodist church in that town in 1841.  He is commemorated in a stained glass window in the Bridgewater United Methodist Church].","December 4, 1874:  \"This is Pention [sic] Day of the Soldiers of the War.\"","December 13, 1874: \"Rev Haines buried in Port Republic. Requested that all people who had heard him preach come to see him buried.\"","December 28, 1874:  \"Negro frolick in our town tonight.\"","March 1, 1875: \"The Sivil [sic] Rights Bill passed both houses.  Nigger can look to have his head broke.\"","April 28, 1875: \"Dick Rogers killed 1 loon and 1 Night Heron.\" [accurate sketches of both birds]","May 24, 1875:  \"A panther attacked one of Wises boys this morning on Wises.\"","May 24, 1875:  \"A panther attacked one of Wises boys this morning on Wises.\"","June 9, 1875:  \"A Negro hung near Harrisonburg for insulting a white woman today without judge or jury.\"","August 13, 1875: \"Methodist Camp Meeting commence today above Mt. Sidney.  Rev. Mauzey [Mausee] gone to attend this meeting.  Also a camp meeting near Lacey Springs commence to day held by United Brethren.\"","September 24, 1875:  \"A parsel of Negroes were blowed up on the Railroad in a cut near the Darah Coal mines.\"","September 25, 1875:  \"Severell droves of cattle, hogs and  sheep went through our town today to market.\"","October 15, 1875: [Sketch of a steam sawmill.]","January 2, 1876: Sabbath Morning.  \"A blind man by the name of Johnson addressed the Sunday School and children.\"","February 10, 1876: \"A large supper and surprise party given at Rev. Mauzeys [Mausee], about 50 in number.\"    ","February 21, 1876: \"Monday morning cloudy and rain.  This is Court Day.  A great many persons in town to day.  A great many drunk.  The Mite Society met at the Parsonage at 7 o'clock. Collected 6 dollars and some cents.  Miss Player was indited before the grand jury for killing her child by sticking scissors in its neck, seven holes.\"","March 6, 1876:  \"Great Disaster happened at the Narrow pass. Bridge broken, cars went down and killed 11 and wounded all of the crew and killed 96 cattle and tore everything to pieces.\"","March 11, 1876:  \"A Sons of Purity had a procession and fair today in Town Hall. A great many black folks present. They realized about $45 for their society.\"","March 20, 1876:  \"Black Amos gone to Montrey with his wagon with provisions for convicts.\"   [Many entries about people taking provisions to convicts.]","April 20, 1876:  \"Black Peter died at the Poor House.\"","May 3, 1876:  \"Black Charley Teter got drunk and Mr. Simpson struck him in the mouth and Charley was put in the calaboose.\"","June 10, 1876:  \"Black folks have Picnick at Mt. Sidney today.  The band is gone up to Sidney.\"","June 18, 1876: Sabbath Morning.   \"…the M. E. Church received a new library today, 125 volumes of good literature.\"","July 12, 1876: \"Old Miller Campbell drown in a barrel of water in Daton this morning.\"","August 21, 1876: \"Jedediah Hotchkiss of Staunton lectures geography of Virginia today at two o'clock.\"","August 31, 1876:  \"Convicts came off the road and gone near Rawley Springs to get out Railroad ties.\"  [Convicts now working on the RR, not blacks]","September 19, 1876: \"Adam Rader came to town today.\"","October 1, 1876: Sabbath -[Henry Smals attended Quarterly meeting at Naked Creek.]","October 24, 1876: \"4 droves of cattle came through our town.\"","November 5, 1876: Sabbath-\"John Allemong very sick\"","November 6, 1876: \"John Allemong still sick.\"","November 7, 1876:  Declares Tilden and Hendricks as elected President and VP of the country","February 4, 1877: Sunday -  \"The colored Quarterly Meeting closed this evening about 9 o'clock.\"","February 5 1877:  \"A black man the name of R. Coffman went to John Hatfields and choked John's wife and hurt her face and arm, and went in pursuit of him and caught him at James Davis and brought him to Mr. Byrds and Mr. Byrd sent him to jail for further trial.\"","February 16, 1877:  \"Negroes have a dance in the lower room in Odfellow Hall tonight.\"","March 5, 1877:  Notes inauguration day but doesn't mention names.  Perhaps he's disappointed his candidates didn't win after all.","March 16, 1877: [Smals mentions Pastors Graechen and Kinzer who were both new ministers at the M. E. Church on the Bridgewater Circuit.]","March 19, 1877:  \"The trial of the black man comes off today for an attempt of rape, was condemned to the penitentiary for 10 years.\"","January 2, 1875:  \"S. Coffman was arrested for assault and battery.\" [a black man].","April 1, 1877: \"Preaching at M. E. Church by Rev. Kinzer.\"","April 23, 1877:  \"Mr. Shifflett condemned to be hung by the neck till he is dead dead dead\"","April 25, 1877:  Shiffletts hanging to be done June 29.","June 12, 1877:\"a new engine went through our town today.\"","June 23, 1877: \"The Masons had a picknick below the bridge today.  All the Masons in town were present.\"","June 24, 1877: Sabbath morning: \"Preaching by Rev. Kinzer in M. E. Church.  Preaching in the Brethren Church at 8 o'clock in the evening.\"","June 29, 1877:  Hanging put off for further trial.","July 4, 1877:  \"This is Independence Day, great parade in Harrisonburg about 5,000 persons present.  Fine day for a celebration in Harrisonburg.  Several speeches made in the courtyard.\"","July 11, 1877:  \"Verdict brought in for Shifflett for murder in the first degree.\"","August 19, 1877: Sunday: \"About 3,000 people at a Camp Meeting in Parnassus.\"","August 24, 1877:  \"A picnic at Harrisonburg by the Negroes\"","August 25, 1877:  A white picnic at Mt. Crawford.","September 1, 1877:  \"The [traveling] Centennial closed tonight for the White People.\"","September 2, 1877: \"Preaching in M. E. Church by Rev. Graechen.\"","September 3, 1877:  \"Today Centennial opened for the Colored People.  A good crowd present.\"","September 5, 1877:  \"Several drove of cattle came through our town.\"","September 9, 1877: \"Preaching by Rev. Mausey [Mausee].\"","Wednesday, September 12, 1877: \"Rev. Roe preached in M. E. Church tonight on object of Bibles.\"","September 23, 1877: \"I [Smals] delivered an address to the Sunday School Prayer Meeting tonight.\"","September 25, 1877:  \"Mr. Shiflett was hung in Harrisonburg today about 1 o'clock.\"  [Sketch of a hangman's noose and gallows drawn]","October 3, 1877:  \"Some fine stock went through our town today.\"","November 11, 1877:  \"Boat was built to cross the river; big rope extended to both sides.\" [draws picture of rope and boat crossing the river.]","November 14, 1877: Preaching by Rev. Graechen.","November 27, 1877: \"…Jenkins nephew making boats to cross river.\"","December 8, 1877: \"A boat sank today with a load of wood on the wagon belonging to Daniel Evans, supposed to weigh 6 tons.\"","December 14, 1877:  \"Commenced the bridge.\" [drew a picture of a stone bridge].","December 17, 1877: \"Uncle Adam Rader paralyzed today.\"","December 18, 1877: Jacob Dinkel died [brother in law of Smals].","December 25, 1877:  \"Colored band has gone to Harrisonburg.\"","December 26, 1877:  White band invited to play at a party.","January 1878: [ Work continues on the bridge.]","January 22, 1878: \"Business very dull.  John Allemong put his calico down to 5 cents per yard.\"","January 26, 1878: \"Boys killed a red fox on Round Hill today.  Shot by John Keaton.\"","January 31, 1878: \"John Smith and Right Hartman had a fight today in the confectionaire [sic].\"","February 1, 1878: Rev. Graechen came to town.","February 7, 1878: \"Samuel S. Miller cut his hand in my shop.\"","February 9, 1878: \"The Dunkards made arrangements to build a church out at the woods.  Layed off the ground today.  Joe Summerlance and Tailor Sheetz had a fight at the bridge today.  Paid a fine of dollar apiece by decision of the Mayor.\"","February 13, 1878:  [Smals took sick for 2 weeks; no entries.]","March 6, 1878:\"Our annual Conference goes in session today in the City of Baltimore. Business looking up now.\"","March 7, 1878:  \"Black woman linched [sic] and hung for burning a barn.\" [drew picture of gallows]","March 19, 1878: \"Great Elocution in M. E. Church to night by Rev. Ross.  A failure. Ross sick.\"","March 22, 1878:  \"Henry Smals fell in the river today.\"","March 28, 1878:  \"Trussels finished on the bridge.\"  [Children and ladies crossed first]","April 9, 1878:  [Bridgewater Enterprise, first paper printed in Bridgewater; J.H. Smals bought the first paper off the press.]","April 12, 1878:  \"Bridge finished; first wagon and cart driven over.\"","April 30, 1878:  [Notes Dr. doing \"obstetricks\" [sic];  316 cases; lost only 1 mother.]","May 18, 1878:  \"Colored People have their first Quarterly meeting in this town.\"","May 20, 1878:  \"Commenced putting on shingles on Bridge roof today.\"","May 21, 1878:  \"Black Jack Higgins and Black Sam Williams had a fight on the road.\"","May 31, 1878: \"Peter Miller started to Baltimore to purchase stock for his factory.\"","June 3, 1878: \"John Hatfield and Gallice Miller finished the bridge today.  Gallice Miller drove the last nail.\"","June 5, 1878:  \"Commenced painting the bridge. . . . Bridge finished today.\" [Sketch of the finished bridge]","June 10, 1878: \"Presbyterians organized their church today.  Rev. Price preached in the Lutheran Church.\"  \"Spits of snow with 3 ½ inches on Mountain.\"","June 14, 1878:  \"Great decoration of soldier's graves; amount of persons present about 12,000; a good many went from Bridgewater.\"","June 20, 1878: \"Perry Meace crossed the Bridge with a steam boiler weighing 9200 pounds.\"","June 22, 1878:  \"2 Beef Wagons in town today.\"","June 23, 1878:  \"Preaching in M. E. Church today by Reverend Kinzer.  Mr. Kiracofe married to Miss McWilliams.  Some of the Negroes had a fuss in their church.\"","June 28, 1878:  \"2 hundred pounds of butter came to town today.\"","June 29, 1878:  \"A great deal of butter came to town today.\"","July 4, 1878:  \"This is Independence Day.  A fourth of July Celebration held at Edinburg today.  A good many persons gone to the celebration at Edinburg from this town.\"","July 6, 1878:  \"A big trial with the niggers for misdemeanor at their church.  Jane Bookers, Nels Lee and Addel Johnston were fined 50 cents each and cast and bound over the peace for 12 months.\"","July 19, 1878:  \"Picnic by the colored people at their schoolhouse tonight also tomorrow night.\"","July 21, 1878: Preaching by Rev. Daniel [David] Bush at Church.  \"Meeting at M. E. Church to pass a Resolution to have a festival on the 9 and 10 of August for the benefit of the M. E. Church.\"","July 25, 1878: \"Editor Delaney is taking the origin of our town from year 1826.\"  [This was apparently a history of Bridgewater].","July 27, 1878: Rev. Rosenbough at M. E. Church.","August 1, 1878:  \"A picnic of the Colored people at Coonrods Store today.  Our Colored Band went to play for them.\"","August 3, 1878: Iron safe weighing 5110 pounds installed in Bank of Bridgewater. ","August 4, 1878: [Smals birthday.  Preaching by Rev. Graechen in M. E. Church.]","August 9, 1878: Camp Meetings at Parnassus and Fort Defiance.","Sunday, August 11, 1878: \"No class today in consequence of church being out of order.\" [Repairs?]","August 20, 1878: Frank Miller got 15 years in penitentiary for stealing horses.  ","August 25, 1878: Meeting at the new Dunkard Church.","August 28, 1878: \"Dr. Brown got his printing press.\"","August 30, 1878:  \"Colored People's Camp Meeting commenced tonight near George Kerekoff's, on his land.\"","September 6, 1878:  \"A Colored man preached tonight at camp meeting near our town.\"  [The meeting closed on the 8th.]","September 20, 1878:  \"Great parade with the Negroes in Harrisonburg celebrating their freedom.\" [drew 4 black heads]","October 24, 1878: \"Rod and balls for church put on.\" [The legibility is unclear for this entry but from the accompanying sketch, it appears a lighting rod was installed on the church].","October 27, 1878: Rev. Green preached in M. E. Church.","November 3, 1878: Rev. Rosebough preached in M. E. Church.","December 1, 1878: Rev. Hat preached in M. E. Church.","December 25, 1878:  \"Colored had a fair in Town Hall.  Realized $8.\"","January 16, 1879:  \"Black Nels Lee got married to Black Allard.  Rev. Mauzy married them.\"","January 23, 1879:  \"Nels Lee moved into the house at the end of the Plank Walk.  Colored people working on their church.\"","February 15, 1879: Rev. Grachen preaching.","February 17, 1879: \"A Grand Supper gave by the Band of Bridgewater.  Cornet Band to night.\"","February 20, 1879: \"Charles Furry's wife had twins to night.\"","February 28, 1879: \"Mr. McClouds House burnt up about 11 o'clock to night.\"","March 1, 1879: \"A fine Revival going on in Harrisonburg. About 76 conversions up to this date.\"","March 5, 1879: \"Our Annual Conference goes in session at Salem, Roanoke County.\" ","March 6, 1879:  \"Commenced work again on the African church in rear of our church. George White bought 5 hogs of Mrs. Ward for $20.\"","March 8, 1879: Four day conference.  [likely M. E. Church]","March 12, 1879: Eight day conference adjourned.  Brother Kinzer returns to our Sircuit [sic] and Rev Holcomb [Homan?] moved to Jesse Frys house in our town.","March 14, 1879:  \"Negro Exhibition at old Town Hall tonight.\"","March 19, 1879: \"Dr. Brown moved his drug store to Armstrongs store room and also the printing press upstairs in Browns Store.  Samuel Miller upset his buggy and broke the top off it.\"","March 22, 1879: \"Lute Swartz killed a Sandhill Crane this morning.\" [sketch of crane]","March 30, 1879: \"Quarterly meeting going on at Crawford.\" ","April 13, 1879: \"Preaching by Kummingham [R. S Cunningham] at M. E. Church.\"","April 14, 1879: Henry Smals got sick on his way to Richmond Odd Fellows Conference.","April 29, 1879: \"A. Hollins brought a load of agricultural implements to the Old Town Hall.\"","May 10, 1879:  \"Quarterly meeting with the colored people today.  Presiding elder present.\"","May 29, 1879: \"Peter Miller's stable burnt down.  Supposed to have caught from the engine of Mr. Sheetz.\" ","June 9, 1879:  \"This is Memorial Day at Staunton to decorate the soldiers graves.  A good many persons gone from Bridgewater.\" [June 6-at Winchester-Memorial of the Dead-estimates 25,000 present]","Thursday, June 12, 1879: \"This is the day the Lawn Festival commences in church yard at M. E. Church.  No festival on account of rain.\" [sketch]","June 23, 1879: \"Willie Bradburn got his arms in the carding machine, tore off the flesh of half the arm.\" [Smals always drew a sketch of injured arms and legs]  \"about 2500 black bass put in the dam above the woolen factory.\"","June 27, 1879: \"A great many cherries in our town to day at from 11 to 20 cents per gallon.  Mr. Mefall got his buggy and harness broken near Allemongs by hoisting an umbrella, horse got frightened.\"","July 4, 1879: \"Day of Celebration in Harrisonburg, about 15,000 people present, 6 bands and 6 military companies, a powerful turnout.  98 degrees for 3 hours and one hour 100 degrees, awful dust.  It was supposed that $10,000 dollars was left in Harrisonburg today.\"","July 13, 1879: Rev. Rosbrown [?] preached.","July 21, 1879:  \"J.H. Smals at court, made 2 indictments on assault and battery, the other a rape on a small Negro child.\"","August 15, 1879:  \"Rev. Boothe, Colored preacher, in United Brethren Church tonight.\"","August 25, 1879: \"Oliver L. Rhodes made me a present of a fine hat this shape.\"  [sketch of the hat].","August 31, 1879:  \"Also dedication by the colored people of their church in our town.  Realized $72. Their presiding elder present. Had good order.\"","September 1, 1879: Rev. Cunningham had gone to District Conference at \"Wainsborough.\"  [Waynesboro]. ","September 4, 1879:  \"The first issue of the Bridgewater Journal out.\"\t","September 5, 1879: First issue of the Bridgewater Journal published.  [sketch]","September 6, 1879: Dr. Brown had gone to Rawley Springs to bottle water.   ","September 14, 1879: Rev Kemper preached in PM.","September 22, 1879:  \"This is Mansipation [sic] Day for the Negroes.\"  [Writes this in big letters and draws four black heads.]","October 2, 1879:  \"A blind black man sung in the African church this evening.\"","October 13, 1879:  \"Cars ran off the track and smashed 11 cars all to pieces, hurt a good many.\" [Smals does not tell where this happened]. ","October 28, 1879:  \"The winter meeting in the M. E. S. Church still in progress.  Herschel Young professed religion tonight\"","October 29, 1879:  \"547 cattle passed through town today.\"","November 1879-January 1880:  Mentions a lot of religious meetings and conversions.","November 2, 1879: \"56 for church service.  Protracted meeting still going on in M. E. Church.\"  [This revival continued for the first week or two of November] ","November 6, 1879:  \"Mr. Sheetz plank mill burnt down with 7,000 feet of lumber.\"","November 8, 1879: \"Several drummers in town today selling goods.\"","November 9, 1879: \"Wofered Vancant struck Joe William with a club at our church door.\"  [sketch of club with word club written on it]  \"John Myers was converted to night about 9 o'clock.\"","November 11, 1879: \"Moffett Miller, Dr. Bucher and Thrush Sellers were all converted.\" [Moffett Miller is commemorated in a stained glass window in Bridgewater United Methodist Church].","November 21, 1879: \"I  H. Smals heard a great noise to night in the skyes about 12 o'clock. The Noise was as Distant Thunder.\"  [He noted that the temperature was 8 degrees the next morning.]","December 8, 1879: \"Miss Rosenbaum came to our town to teach music on the piano from Staunton.\"","December 13, 1879:  \"The Tunkard Brethren had quite a revival.  15 were baptized by immersion.  Old man Marshall killed a 568 ¼ pound hog.\"  [Sketch of hog, Smals always reported who all was butchering this time of year]","December 24, 1879: \"Christmas tree in the M.E. Church.  A large attendance on the occasion.  In Shiffletts Hollow, Shifflett killed his brother Shifflett.\"","Christmas Day: \"a ladder at the Methodist Church with presents for the children.\"[This must have been a structure erected for the children's presents].","December 30, 1879:  \"Lutherans locked the Baptist out of their church this evening.\"","January 1, 1880:  \"Rev. Grennan preached in the Dunkard Church on the subject of baptism by immersion-3 times face down.\"","January 13, 1880: \"Miss Mulley Robinson gone home to Harrisonburg with mail wagon.\"","January 18, 1880: \"Preaching at 11 o'clock by Dr. John S. Martin in the M. E. Church.  Quarterly meeting.\"","January 20, 1880:  \"John Allemong elected president of our Narrow Gauge Rail Road.\"","January 21, 1880: \"A cave discovered on Blosser's Farm by Bud Peterson close to Pike about 2 ½ miles this side of Harrisonburg.\"","January 22, 1880: \"The U. B. trustees sold the church to the Baptists for $400.\"","January 24, 1880: \"Some scoundrel stopped my shop chimney up and smoked me powerful.\" ","January 28, 1880: \"One hundred cases of smallpox at Culpeper.\"","February 3, 1880: \"The organ for the M. E. Church came this evening.\" [sketch]","February 9, 1880: \"Campbell killed Smith at the Warm Springs today.\"","February 11, 1880: Rev. Grachen preached at M. E. Church.","February 23, 1880: Big fire in Bridgewater.  Destroyed Mr. Byrd's House and stable and burned the houses and out buildings of Mrs. Covington and Mrs. Arey.  $10,000 loss.","March 2, 1880:  \"The chimneys of the burnt houses were thrown down today.  M. E. Church broken into and the organ injured.\"","March 3, 1880: \"The Baltimore Conference met this morning at Front Royal, Warren County.\" ","March 4, 1880: \"Wild geese over river today near bridge.\"","March 5, 1880:  \"Mr. Ehrman the Beef man in town today settling with his customers.\"","March 6, 1880:  \"A man here today measured 6'7\" high.  He was a monster.\"","March 22, 1880:  \"John Hatfield puts a roof on Mrs. Covington's dairy.  Commenced this morning for $5.  High winds-could hardly stay on the building.\"","March 31, 1880:  \"The negroes had a fight at Lowman's stable last night.\"","April 2, 1880:  \"A great negro trial at our courthouse.  About 90 persons present.  Jos. Higgins and John Bundy paid a fine of $3.90 each for fighting at the corporation [of Bridgewater.]\"","April 28, 1880: \"George Dinkel and A. H. Smals commence making brick back of the school house.\"","May 6, 1880: \"George Jenkins wife had a child cut from her womb and saved the woman.\"","May 17, 1880:  \"Old Black Aunt Dasha died this evening about 10:00 at Miss May Areys.\"","May 23, 1880: Preaching by Rev. King.","June 3, 1880:  \"Mr. Jacobs wife and others gone to Harrisonburg to see the decorations of the soldiers graves.  A very small crowd present.\"","June 5, 1880:  \"A great Memorial Day at Winchester.  A great many persons present.\"","June 10, 1880:  \"A lawn party at Harrisonburg by the Colored People and the Colored Band attended the party.\"","June 14, 1880: \"Allemong gone to Staunton to close of female school of the M. E. C. South.\"","June 17, 1880: \"Mrs. Goldsmith buried to day in our grave yard and Brother Cunningham preached text Revelation.\"","June 19, 1880:  \"Colored Band went to Newmarket to the Cave.\"","July 2, 1880:  \"The colored people had a festival tonight at their church. Realized $7.30.\"","July 3, 1880: \"Hopewell was elected Sargent [sic] for the Corporation Bridgewater colored people.\"","July 3, 1880:  \"Colored people had another festival. Realized $10.18.\" [White lawn parties Smals mentions raise anywhere from $40-$70].","July 6, 1880: Smith stole George Milstead's watch and about ten dollars in money. [He got it back in the next day or so].[Smals records that Bridgewater had a population of 400 people in July 1880]","July 8, 1880:  \"The amount of population of the encorporation of Bridgewater is 400 white and colored.\"","July 20, 1880: \"T. P. Humphreys gone to Sunday School Convention at Valley Grove between Baltimore and Washington City.\"","July 30, 1880:  \"The Sons of Purity [colored] have a great parade today in Harrisonburg.\"","July 31, 1880:  \"The colored band gone to Pleasant Valley to a picnic.\"","August 6, 1880:  \"Rev Bush and Rev. Wolfe came down the street in a Rockaway and spindle broke and one jumped out the other fell out of the Rockaway and neither got hurt.\"","August 9, 1880:  \"Henry Hocks and T. Sheets had a fight.  Sheets struck H. Hocks with a piece of iron.  It is supposed that Hocks was in fault.\"","August 21, 1880:  \"A good many cattle and sheep gone through our town today.\"","August 22, 1880: Sabbath: \"Preaching by the Tunkards at the far end of town.\"","September 3, 1880:  \"A big watermelon trial between Joseph Nisewander and the Kerecoofs.\"","September 25, 1880:  \"The negroes had a picnic at Mt. Solon today.  The Nigger Band played for them.\"","September 30, 1880:  \"Colored People Village Camp commenced this evening in this place.  A negro show at the River schoolhouse.\"","October 1, 1880: \"Old Uncle Adam Rader has come over to our town at the age of 90 years old.\"","Octpber 19, 1880: \"A big show in Harrisonburg today, a great many persons present.  Some drunk and some sober.\" [sketch of circus tent]","November 11, 1880:  \"Peter Miller gone to West Va. on a preaching ture [sic] today.\"","November 29, 1880: \"I  H. Smals killed my hog today.\"","December 1, 1880: \"Some scoundrel cut the guts of Charley Teters horse this morning.  Mat Barber was arrested for gutting the horse, his trial comes off next Saturday in this place.\"","December 4, 1880: Mat Barber trial commence in old Town Hall. [Smals implies that others were implemented, but the trial outcome is not clear]","December 24, 1880: \"Coldest weather I ever felt or saw.\"","December 31, 1880:  \"25 degrees below zero.   Frank Erwin and Dewit Brown froze their ears stiff.\"","[A note in the back of this book says 32 snows fell in the winter of 1880-81].","January 3, 1881:  \"8 degrees below zero, wood getting very scarce.  E. B. Simpson went to Harrisonburg today with snow shoes, they are about six feet long and six inches wide.  Oh this is fearful weather, a great deal of slaying going on.\"","January 6, 1881: \"Professor Geason gave a Grand Free Exhibition of Scientific Horsemanship today and commenced a class with 20 or more pupils at $2.00 per pupil.\"","January 21, 1881: \"the horse tamer is in our town today.\"","February 6, 1881:  \"Niggers had a fight in African Church tonight.\" [Drew 3 black heads]","February 7, 1881: \"I H. Smals made a pair of boots for a Mr. Stokes that he wore for 25 years, please beat that.  There were 26 persons at the young mens prayer meeting in M.E.C. to night.\"","February 12, 1881:  Sam Williams was fined $10 and bound over the Peace for 12 months. Jos. Williams the same and Oliver Failer was fined $5 and bound over for 12 months for fighting in the African Church last Sunday in Bridgewater, VA.\"","February 17, 1881:  \"Allemony's Cattle Sale today.  His yearlings sold at $16 per head.\"","March 2, 1881: Stuart Lindsey lead union prayer meeting in M. E. Church at 5 o'clock. ","March 6, 1881: \"Mr. McNeal came to our town to see his sweet [sketch of heart] and I tell you she is very Handsome.  he lives in Hardy County.\"","March 7, 1881: \"Engineers and Simpson gone on the route of the railroad.\"  [sketch of surveyor's level]  Rev. Mr. Whisner came to Marg Areys.  A good many preachers went through our town to Harrisonburg to Conference.\"  ","March 27, 1881: Rev. Bush had his first sermon in M. E. Church.","March 28, 1881:  \"Joseph Williams taken to jail by Hopewell for fighting in Methodist Church, Colored.\"","March 29, 1881: \"Joseph Williams taken to jail for fighting in Methodist Church, colored.  The Engineers Simpson and Bell came home from their Byrds Eye Survey.\"","April 1, 1881: Preaching at M. E. Church by Rev. Deans.","April 14, 1881: \"F. K. Speck went after Uncle Adam Rader who died on the 7 of the present month at Culpeper County near Brandy Station.\" ","April 16, 1881: \"Uncle Adam Rader has been brought to this town to be buried in our grave yard this evening.\"","April 23, 1881:  Jesse Fry shot Dr. Jones cow in his wheatfield with small shot.\"\t","May 5, 1881: \"Adam Smals commence the brick church at Mossy Creek today with 6 hands.\"","May 7, 1881:  Colored people's 1st Quarterly meeting held in this place.\"","May 8, 1881: \"Preaching by Rev. Price in M. E. Church at 7 ½   oclock.  Mrs. Stickler lost 2 $5 Dollar Notes some where between the M.E. Church and home.\"","May 24, 1881: \"This is the most powerful year for Locus Blooms I ever saw.  I hope will get a good corncrop.\"","June 15, 1881:  Mr. Wm. S. Perry sold a calf 10 days old for $5.75 to Frank and Will Ervin.\"","June 21, 1881: \"Thrush Sellers finished Mrs. Covington's fence today at $8.00.\"  [sketch of  iron fence]  \"He finished a lattice fence the next day.\" [sketch of lattice fence]","July 1, 1881: \"John Carpenter Brought an Engine Thresher to Bridgewater.  Daily mail commences between Bridgewater and Stribling Springs.\"","July 2, 1881: \"Quarterly meeting commences this morning at Sangerville.  Presiding elder is I. S. Martin.  President Garfield was Shot in the City of Washington, District of Columbia.\" ","July 8, 1881:  \"A Colored Festival in Mt. Sidney today and night.  Realized $50.\"","July 13, 1881: \"Dr. Brown tapped Mrs. Showalter near Mt. Solon, 10 pints of water from her abdomen.\"  [Dr. Brown was often noted being present at births].","July 18, 1881: \"Dr. Brown had the first Roastnears in our town.\"  [sketched ear of corn] \"GrandMaster Crowder from Staunton will be with us in our lodge tonight as Odfellows.\"  [Belongs to Ancient Odfellows of Bridgewater Lodge.  Frequently writes in some kind of \"lodge code\"]","July 21, 1881:  \"The Negro Band gone 4 miles above Staunton today to a lawn party.  They get $10 for the trip.\"","July 24, 1881:  \"Mr. Looses, Mr. Hartman's, Mr. Minoss, and Mr. Allemony's cows died from eating molasses cane today.\"","July 26, 1881:  \"John Allemony's other cow is very sick.  A Negro shot himself near Mt. Solon today with a pistol accidental.\"","July 29, 1881:  \"The Colored People have a Lawn Party in our Odfellow Hall tonight and tomorrow night.\"  [Aug. 10 and 11-White lawn party held on school grounds]","August 20, 1881: \"Cora Crickenberger cut her throat and stabbed her self in the head two or three times.\"","August 23, 1881: \"This day District Conference commence 2 oclock in M. E. Church.  Preachers present.  Conference organized at 3 oclock this evening, John S. Martin in the chair, a good many preachers present and a large Lay Delegation Present.  Preaching at 8 oclock this evening by  Rev. A Weller.  Conference lasted all week.\"","August 29, 1881: \"all the preachers gone home today.\"","September 2, 1881: \"Mrs. B. Kyles lamp exploded this evening but did not hurt any one.\" ","September 4, 1881: Rev. Tailor had prayer meeting at M. E. Church.","September 9, 1881:  \"A Lawn Festival held in M. E. Church lot to night, Realised about $25.\"","September 10, 1881:  \"Festival Lawn Party tonight in churchyard.  Colored People have a picknick [sic] today at their church.\"","September 20, 1881:  \"Shef Lewis and Wise fought a duel today.  Neither of them hurt.\"","September 22, 1881: \"Henry Smals I appoint you as Stuart for the Corporation of Bridgewater Council given under my hand for the sum of two Dollars for Services Commencing on the first of July 1881 and Closing July 1, 1882.\" _ M. Stickler, Mayor","September 24, 1881:  \"A Lawn Party at Mt. Solon by the colored people.\"","September 25, 1881: Rev. Hildebrand preached at M. E. Church.","October 1, 1881:  \"Colored band gone out to play for a picknick near Pleasant Valley in Rockingham County.\"","October 5, 1881:  \"James Clary open his Degarian [?] Saloon at Robert Funks.\"","October 6-7, 1881:  \"Colored at Allemony's this evening at 8:00. . . .Colored meeting still going on in this town.\"","November 13, 1881: \"Mrs. Arey came home today. Sabbath morning class at the usual hour 9 oclock, Sabbath school at 2 ½  oclock.  Prayer meeting at M. E. Church 7 oclock.\"","November 18, 1881: \"Clear and Warm. A Great Republican procession in Harrisonburg to night, Governor Walker came to our town.\"","November 19, 1881:  \"Rev Perrys children all have the Hooping Cough.  Some of them very poorly tonight.\"","November 20, 1881: \"Preaching at 11 oclock by Rev Hildebrand.\"","November 21, 1881: Court Day.   \"Professor Steel commence his Wrighting School today.\"  [sketch of quill] \"N. Marion Miller gone to Het Smals to do sowing for them.\"","November 22, 1881: Cloudy and cool.  \"Stuart Lindsay has gone to Monterey to see his sick wife.\"","November 27, 1881: \"No preaching in town today.  Mrs. J Lindsey and T Lindsey came from Monterey this evening.  Stuart Lindseys wife some better.\"","December 1, 1881: \"Dr. T. H. Brown gone to Moorefield Hardy County to see his daughter Verdie Mcneal [McNeil]…  Mr. Jos Byrd move to his new house today.\"  [sketch of 2 story house with 2 chimneys, Smals sketches of houses that people bought and sold often show details which were probably characteristic to the particular house] ","December 4, 1881: Preaching at 11 o'clock by Rev. Bush.","December 6, 1881: \"Stuart Lindseys wife some better.\"","December 10, 1881: \"P. Miller gone to Broadway to see about the schoolhouse to be built here or at Broadway.\"","December 11, 1881: \"No preaching in town today.\"","December 12, 1881: \"Cloudy and threaten for snow cold weather.\"","December 14, 1881: \"Snowed through the night one inch in depth.\" [drew a one inch purple line]","December 16, 1881: \"Stuart Lindsey and wife came home from her Father's at Monterey, She is right peart.\"","December 25, 1881: Sabbath morning clear and cold this is Christmas Day. Prayer Meeting at 5 oclock, Class meeting at 9 oclock , No preaching at 11 oclock, Sabbath school at 2 oclock, Preaching at 6 ½  oclock by Rev D. Bush.","December 26, 1881: \"Professor Hull commenced his singing school today.\"","December 27, 1881: \"Peter Miller is receiving contribution of the German Baptist Formal School to be established at this place.\"","December 28, 1881: Clear and warm.  \"the Baptist members are moving their church back 6 feet today. D. John Allemong sick.\"","January 4, 1882: \"John Allemong very sick.  Allemong has Nierulalgia of the Bowels.  8 inches of snow.\" ","January 5, 1882: \"Allemong no better.\"","January 6, 1882: \"J.W. F. Allemong no better\"","January 10, 1882: \"Street Lamps made for the Corporation, they will be put in a short time.\"  [sketch of lamp]","January 11, 1882: \"John W. F. Allemong some better.\"","January 17, 1882: \"Allemong still improving, able to get up and be shaved.\"","January 18, 1882: \"the Ladies are holding a Missionary metng this afternoon in M. E. Church at 3 ½ oclock.\"","January 20, 1882: \"John W. F. Allemong improving very fast\"","January 24, 1882: \"Allemong has gotten well\"","January 27, 1882: Jury brought in a verdict, that Guitttoes [sic] committed Murder in first Degree for killing President Garfield.\"","February 2, 1882:  \"groundhog day: He saw his shadow.\"  [Smals drew a sketch of a ground hog every year, but his drawings resembled a cat more than a ground hog]  \"Allemong hauling ice from Factory and Robert Wrights Ponds.\"","February 10, 1882: \"Charley Schenk fell in the Creek\"","February 12, 1882: Preaching at 11 oclock by Rev. Hildebrand.","February 15, 1882:  \"Miss Ryan buried in our graveyard today at 3 oclock   Funeral preached by Rev Hildebrand.\"","February 17, 1882:  \"Oyster supper this evening for the Benefit of the M. E. Church, realized $21.50 Dollars.  John Allemong Enlarged his office to day.\"","February 18, 1882:  \"Adjourned Quarterly meeting met in Allemong's Office today.  Oyster supper this evening for the Benefit of the M. E. Church.  Realized [?]  Dollars.\"","February 19, 1882: \"Preaching by Rev Rosebrow in M. E. Church at 7 oclock.  Mrs. McNeil of Hardy County Dr. Browns Daughter had a son born today at Dr. Browns.\"","February 21, 1882: \"Uncommon windy and Storm and uncommon muddy…  Rev. Kinzer came to our town today.\"","February 22, 1882: \"Rev. Kinzer preached for us.  Click Miller, Ad Hollum, Walter Davis and John Allemong bought the wood factory and Foundrey for the sum of $9000 Dollars.\"","February 25, 1882: \"A Great many Deprecations acted tonight by the Boys, Shooting, Cursing, Swearing and being Drunk.\" ","February 26, 1882: \"Preaching in M.E. Church by Rev Bush and Sacrament of the Lords Supper.  Hopewell shot a chicken for Salley Fitchew.  Laurence fired a pistol also on the Sabbath.\"","March 2, 1882: \"Queen Victoria was shot and mist her.\"","March 6, 1882: \"Preachers all fixing to go to Conference.\"","March 8, 1882: \"Sheets sold his Hartman Lot and house to J. W. F. Allemong for the sum of $200 dollars.\"","March 14, 1882: \"Stuart Lindseys wife very poorly.\"","March 16, 1882:  \"Rev. Hildebrand came back from Conference today to our town.\"","March 17, 1882: \"Joseph Attaffer died this morning at 1 oclock.\"","March 18, 1882: \"Saturday morning cloudy sleet and Rain  Rained all day long,   Joseph Attaffer buried today.\"","March 22, 1882: \"Dog bit Eugene Ervin in the hand this morning very badly.\"","March 26, 1882: \"David Bush preached.\"","April 2, 1882: Rev. Whitescarver preached.","April 7, 1882: \"Widow John Arey died this morning.\"","April 16, 1882: \"Preaching by Rev. Tailor at Barbees Office.\"","April 17, 1882: \"Jacob Wynant's Horse Run off.  It went home and never Broke his Buggy.\" ","April 20, 1882: \"Joseph Beery Hung himself in his grainery this morning about 5 oclock on Linville Creek the cause not known. Jack Thuma killed a large loon.\"  [sketch]  [Smals wrote of at least four horse-runoff episodes during April].","April 24, 1882: \"Mrs. Stuart Lindsey Died at Jacob Lindseys House…\"","May 4, 1882: \"The smallest Baby Born to day in the world some where in the north, it weighed 8 ounces and was perfect child.\"","May 5, 1882: \"The Mossy Creek folks settled with Allemong to day for the church.\"","May 6, 1882: \"A waggon Run over G. Claude Smals to day and Did not Break any of his Limbs.\"","May 11, 1882: \"The Presbyterian Church was dedicated to Day.\"","May 18, 1882: \"A fish and meat house opened here to day.\"","May 28, 1882: \"Rev. Armstrong preached the Dedicatory sermon for the Mt. Solon Church to day and Realized money enough to the pay the Deposit on the Church which was $300.\" ","June 6, 1882: \"Jack Dooms finished the Parsonage House today.\"","June 15, 1882: \"Jack Dooms finished the Parsonage Stable today.\"","June 18, 1882: Rev. Bush preached. ","June 19, 1882: \"Isac Marshall Bought a Cow of Mr. Brown for a price of $45.00   She is a full Jersey.\"","July 24, 1882: \"11 Wagons went through town for Blackberries to Parnassus, 50 bushels to town\"","August 1, 1882: \"A new Barbershop by Barber and John Collbert commenced to day.\"","August 8, 1882: \"I H. Smals had the pleasure of shaving Francis O'ferell the Colonels Brother from Minnesota, he came to our town to see his Mother.\"","August 17, 1882: Commenced laying Brick on the Bank to day.\"","September 9, 1882: \"Overseer of the Poor took Peachy Hoak to the Poorhouse to day\"","September 12, 1882: \"I H. Smals was Disfranchised as Sexton and P. Hartman was put in my place.\"\n[This undoubtedly pertains to the Methodist Church]. ","September 14, 1882: \"Scaffold at Bank fell and hurt 3.\"","September 23, 1882: \"Meinars Jim Dog died to day.\"","October 2, 1882: \"the Great Comet made its appearance this morning in the East.\"","October 4, 1882: \"H. Dice sold a lot to Casper Earheart for $100, 1 ¼ acre.  Thrush Sellers Bilds Mrs. Williams a house for $600 on High Street.\"","October 22, 1882: Preaching by Rev. Hildebrand.","October 23, 1882: \"Humphreys Loose got his new engine this evening, it cost about $1200.\"","December 25, 1882: \"Jack Higgins and Jack Jones were tried and convicted for stealing and sent to jail.\"","December 26, 1882: \"A Christmas tree for benefit of the Sabbath School Children.  Speech from Rev. D. Bush.\"  [sketch of Christmas Arch]Jan 24: \"Old Brother John Altaffer Died in this Place this evening about 4 oclock at age of 84 ½  years old, he has been a Methodist for 65 year and over.\" [Commemorated in stained glass window in Bridgewater United Methodist Church.]","January 26, 1883: Rev Bush preached Altaffer's funeral.","April 6, 1883: \"Our young Preacher Waters came to town this evening from Maeraland [Maryland].\"","June 1, 1883:  \"Colored boy died of scarlet fever [age 16] and buried in colored graveyard.\"","June 24, 1883: Dr. Folensher preached.","June 25, 1883:  \"A great many persons harvesting today-wheat very good.\"","June 30, 1883:  \"Burn and Elam fought a duel near Wainsborough.  Elam got a flesh wound; the other was not touched.\"","July 1, 1883: Preaching by Rev. Waters","July 8, 1883:  \"Our choir sung for the colored people today at 11:00.  Rev. B. Smith preached-a colored man.\" [Sunday]","July 11, 1883: \"The Wizard men came to our town this evening and will stay until next Sabbath.\"","July 12, 1883: \"Mr. Allemong and family gone to White Sulphur Springs to stay for 3 weeks.\"","July 14, 1883:   Talks about a \"wizard man\" being in town for the week selling medicine.","July 25, 1883: \"Hanger and wife joined the M.E. Church to night.\"","July 29, 1883: Henry Smals granddaughter Sallie Miller married Samuel Boselmen.","August 4, 1883: \"My Birth day.  I H. Smals was born on the 4 August 1810 Saturday in afternoon at 3 oclock near the head of Muddy Creek about 2 miles of the head of Linville Creek and Bowmans Mill.\"","August 20, 1883:  \"George E. Dunnell killed a Negro.  Shot him in self-defense.\"","September 20, 1883:  \"Mr. George Murry's ondley daughter [age 11] got killed at a cane mill.  The shaft caught her clothes and thread her around and beat her head soft.\"","November 8, 1883: \"Dr. Brown and Robert Whitescarver have a Quarrel in our Shop this morning, but Did not come to blows.\"","November 12, 1883: \"Dock Van Pelt moved to Sangersville, he has moved 18 times in 6 years.\"","December 28, 1883:  \"A black man from Rockbridge County came to our town and married Black Maria Huldey yesterday in the African Church.\"","December 31, 1883:  \"Watch meting to night in M. E. Church. Oyster supper by the colored people in Odfellows Hall.\"","January 1, 1884:  \"Oyster supper by the Odfellows tonight in Odfellows Hall.  Everybody invited. Uncommonly cold; scarlet fever very bad in the area; ice 6\" frozen.\"","February 4, 1884:  \"Mrs. Young was laying out a woman who had died and got some gastric juices on a sore on her hand and now suffers very much in consequence of it.\" [She was sick for about a week; Smals doesn't mention her after that.]","February 26, 1884: \"Dr. Jones Drugstore caught on fire and burt up all his drugs and medcane [sic].  Did not burn the store house.\" ","May 11, 1884:  \"Colored people had their first Quarterly meeting at this place today.\"","May 24, 1884:  \"William Fishback and a black man had a fight.  Fishback struck the negro in the head with a rock and Fishback had to pay a fine and cost which was $4.45.\"","May 31, 1884:  A great \"bass ball\" game.  Bridgewater 28 Harrisonburg 25 and 2 whitewashes.","June 11, 1884:  \"David Hooks whipped his sister with a yardstick this morning and left marks on her boddie.\"","June 13, 1884:  \"Brady and Wine killed their first beef this evening.  Going to butcher all summer.\"","June 15, 1884 : \"Lighting struck Rev. Raley [Lutheran] near Mt. Crawford and knocked his horse down but did not kill either of them.\"","June 18, 1884: \"All the presses and other tools to Bridgewater this evening to make cigars.\" [sketch of cigar]","July 19, 1884:  \"Nute Fry commenced butchering and selling beef in Bridgewater this morning.\"","August 1884:  [Several mentions of a cigar/tobacco factory.]","August 6, 1884: \"Old Jimmie Coakley, colored, died today near Rushville at the age of 110 years old.\"","August 10, 1884: \"Sabbath Morning, Warm Cloudy.  Rained some last night.  This is Childrens Day with the M.E.C.S.  The collection amounted to 10 dollars.  Preaching by Rev. Waters at 11 oclock.  Exercises at 2 oclock, also at night.\" ","August 16, 1884: \"Professor Hoover and Professor Hulvey came to our town.  Spoke in the Old Town Hall as Democrats.\"\n[At this time Rev. Campbell was preaching in the Lutheran Church and Rev. Clark in the Baptist Church.  Smals usually mentioned the services in Lutheran and Baptist Churches].","August 30, 1884:  Cigar boys played and beat Bridgewater boys in baseball.","September 3, 1884: \"Uncle Jake Hesberger raised a watermelon that weighed 47 ¾ pounds.\" ","September 7, 1884: Rev. Linch preached in M.E.C.S Church.","September 13, 1884: \"A fellow going to walk on a Rope started from J. Dinkles to the top of the old Tavern.\"","September 20, 1884:  \"The colored people have a local Preachers Convention here-will continue over Sunday.\"","September 21, 1884:  \"Preaching at colored church by colored preacher.  Fifteen local preachers present at the Convention.  Large crowd of colored people present.  Collected $30.\"","September 22, 1884: \"Jacob Bierly and son were killed in the well by foul air.\" ","October 5, 1884: Rev. Ross preaching at M. E. C. ","November 1, 1884: \"Mrs. Showalter Beat a little child today Black and Blue.  She was arrested and had her trial.  Paid the Corporation $5.00 and $25.00 to the County Court.\"","December 6, 1884:  \"A negro shot another negro in Harrisonburg last night.  He was caught and lodged in jail to await trial.\" ","December 25, 1884: Thursday Morning Clear.  \"Very cold this Christmas Day, Plenty of ice on the River   Boys skating and shooting.\"","December 26, 1884: \"I H. Smals Eat a fine Dinner at George Hangers.\"","December 27, 1884: \"Oyster supper to night by the Masons at Will Areys.\" ","January 12, 1885: \"The Cigar Boys commence making cigars today.\"  [Smals makes frequent  references to the \"cigar boys\" working in the cigar factory in Bridgewater]","January 18, 1885: \"Old Mr. Hailman fell through the Bridge and Caught himself before he got to the water.\" [Smals had been writing regularly of work on the bridge]","January 24, 1885: \"William H. Grove finished the Bridge today.  Got $56 for his 16 days work.\"   ","February 21, 1885: \"21 below zero.\"","March 11, 1885:  \"Nuten Smals came here from Hampshire County.  Brown Smals and Thomas Smals came to my house to day from Berkley County near Williamsport W.Va. to purchase cattle.\"","March 18, 1885: \"Our Preachers have come from Conference to day.  Rev Dice the Presiding Elder and Rev Lynch and Prettiman [Prettyman] the Senior and Junior Preacher for one Year.\"","March 21, 1885: \"Dam frozen over to night, never was known to freeze over in March before.\"","March 22, 1885: Preaching by Rev. Reade [Reid?]","March 24, 1885: \"Old Miller Areys sale today on Muddy Creek.\"","March 25, 1885: \"Hales engine went through our town this morning.\"","March 27, 1885: \"A Degarion [?] car came to town today.\" [sketch of train car, maybe an early photo studio?]","March 28, 1885: \"The dogs killed a parse of sheep for John Allemong this morning. John Allemong discharged 6 of his cigar men.  Only 4 rollers left and 2 packers.\"","April 3, 1885: [Good Friday.]  \"This is the day our Savior was crucified nearly 1900 years ago.\" [sketch of cross]  ","April 10, 1885:  \"The old Brick Shop that I Built 1840, 44 years ago, they are taring down to Build Drivers House.\"","April 12, 1885: \"Bettie Brown joined the M. E. Church South.\"","April 16, 1885: \"John Fisher rented the Lower Room of the Odd Fellows for the sum of  Two Dollars per month…\"","April 18, 1885: \"The first Quarterly Conference held in this place.   Presiding Elder present and both of the preachers on the Sircuit present and a good many of the Official Body present.  Brother Lynch gone to Spring Hill to hold a Quarterly meeting for the presiding Elders.  Brother Prettyman preached at night at 7 ½  oclock.\"  ","April 21, 1885:  \"Burk Sellers cow had twin calves.\"","April 22, 1885: Moses Stickler had been recommended as Post Master in Bridgewater.","April 26, 1885:  \"Two bysicles in our town.  Came from Harrisonburg in 52 minutes.\"","April 28, 1885:  \"J.W.S. commenced getting new milk of Mrs. Jenkins today at 6 cents per quart.\"","May 6, 1885:  \"Dinkel hired a bisicle in Harrisonburg to learn to ride on.\"","May 15, 1885: \"My Daughter Annie Died to night at 10 oclock.  She was 42 years and some month old.\" ","May 20, 1885: \"Richard Berlin put a whistle on his engine today.\"","June 8, 1885: \"Shifflett stabbedd Riddle 2 times in the side.  The one stab is supposed to be fatal.\"","June 13, 1885:  \"Dr. Johnson's cow had 2 calves this morning.\"","July 1, 1885:  Post Office opened and first day of mail service in Bridgewater area.  Carriers going to Stribling Springs and Harrisonburg.","July 24, 1885:  \"2 Negroes broke open wines at Funkhouser store and stole 2 suit of clothing, coffee and sugar, and other articles. A black woman found under a hay stack with her throat cut from ear to ear in Augusta County, VA.\"","August 7, 1885:  \"Colored people had a Festival tonight at the Old Town Hall\" [3 sketches of black heads].","August 8. 1885:  \"Colored people continue their festival tonight.  Colored people have a Quarterly meeting on Crawford's farm today and tomorrow.\"","March 8, 1886:  \"The Colored Minstrel Singers came to our town today and sing tonight in the M.E. Church.  Colored in this town a perfect Humbug.\"","April 15, 1886:  \"The colored Preacher came here on his circuit today.\"","May 7, 1886:  Notes marriage of 2 coloreds with a squiggly circle drawing.  \"Wm. Branson to Allace Brookins\"","May 26, 1886:  \"Charley Stuart moved in Berlintown in Joseph Nielwanders house.  He is a colored man.\" [sketch of black man's head].","June 1, 1886:  \"Mat Barber's child buried today in the Colored Graveyard in this town today at 11 o'clock.  Colored boy Joseph Riggle came to our town today to work in the factory.\"","June 11, 1886:  \"John Wine's wife had twins and two days afterward his cow had twin calves.\" [sketch of twin calves]","June 14, 1886:  \"The Colored people have a Picknick tonight for the benefit of their Preacher.\"","Summer of 1886:  Talks a lot about farmers harvesting their wheat all over and in July \"people are thrashing all over.\"  ","August 1, 1886:  \"The Colored People had a Bush meeting near Mt. Crawford.\"","August 2, 1886:  \"A great show at the African church tonight by the colored folks.\"  [Pasted a picture of black musicians surrounded by violins, banjos and other instruments]","August 30, 1886:  \"Jackson Doomer's cow died this morning.\"","September 4, 1886:  \"Another bucher shop opened near Allemony's store.\"","September 18, 1886:  \"Mr. Isaac Marshall weighed his big hog today at 705 pounds.\"","October 16, 1886:  \"Colored Quarterly meeting commenced today in Bridgewater.\"","October 19, 1886:  \"Henry Dice and Frank Irvin came home from Pokehunters to bring his cattle home.\"","November 22, 1886:  \"Sanger Brothers started a Creamery today in Bridgewater.\"  ","February 15, 1887:  Josie Wise, colored, buried in the Colored Graveyard today at 11 o'clock.  A great many colored persons present.\"  ","On speech:  [Smals spells the railroad president's name \"Auther Vandabilt\"]","On blacks:  [Frequently mentions when they are born, married, and died and usually draws head sketches.]","On travel:  [In 1877 a trip to Harrisonburg took 4 hours.]"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_8d4b0f6af460a047d246ff4686ce4549\"\u003eThe Henry Smals Diaries, 1871-1891, consist of three boxes containing eighteen volumes of diaries written by Henry Smals of Bridgewater, Virginia. The topics of diary entries are brief outlining day-to-day activities. A folder, located in Box 3, contains a partial index and a list of highlights for most volumes as well as an ad for \"Henry Smals, Fashionable Barber! Main Street, Bridgewater, Va.\"\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Henry Smals Diaries, 1871-1891, consist of three boxes containing eighteen volumes of diaries written by Henry Smals of Bridgewater, Virginia. The topics of diary entries are brief outlining day-to-day activities. A folder, located in Box 3, contains a partial index and a list of highlights for most volumes as well as an ad for \"Henry Smals, Fashionable Barber! Main Street, Bridgewater, Va.\""],"names_coll_ssim":["Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society","Smalls family","Smals, Henry, 1810-1892"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society","Smalls family","Smals, Henry, 1810-1892","Hotchkiss, Jedediah, 1828-1899"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society"],"famname_ssim":["Smalls family"],"persname_ssim":["Smals, Henry, 1810-1892","Hotchkiss, Jedediah, 1828-1899"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":19,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:20:27.499Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_250"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_341","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"John A. Frenger Diary and Account Book","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_341#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Frenger, John Alonzo, 1847-1922","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_341#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The John A. Frenger Diary and Account Book, 1880-1892, consists of one ledger that contains periodic diary entries in which Frenger, a farmer from Greenville, Augusta County, documents the weather, his local travels, farm activities, and commentary on political events. The ledger also includes accounts of Frenger's household and farm expenses and income.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_341#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_341","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_341","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_341","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_341","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_341.xml","title_ssm":["John A. Frenger Diary and Account Book"],"title_tesim":["John A. Frenger Diary and Account Book"],"unitdate_ssm":["1880-1892","1881-1884"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1881-1884"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1880-1892"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0008","/repositories/4/resources/341"],"text":["SC 0008","/repositories/4/resources/341","John A. Frenger Diary and Account Book","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Virginia -- History, Local","Farmers -- Virginia -- Augusta County -- 19th century","Agriculture -- Virginia -- Augusta County -- 19th century","Diaries","Account books","Newspaper clippings","Weather diaries","Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Two folders in one half-Hollinger box containing one ledger and two newspaper clippings.","\"Find A Grave – John A. Frenger, 1847-1922.\" Find A Grave - Millions of Cemetery Records and Online Memorials. Accessed September 09, 2016.  http://www.findagrave.com","\"United States Census, 1880,\" database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MCPJ-2C5 : 11 August 2016), John A Frenger, Riverhead, Augusta, Virginia, United States; citing enumeration district ED 18, sheet 241A, NARA microfilm publication T9 (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.), roll 1354; FHL microfilm 1,255,354.","John Alonzo Frenger (1847-1922) lived in Greenville in Augusta County, Virginia. Frenger married Severine Bell Muse (1849-1904) and together they had at least three children, Robert Muse (1872-1948), Mary, and Odessa. He was a farmer by trade who recorded daily diary entries as well as financial accounts in this account book.","Two loose newspaper clippings were removed from the ledger and foldered separately.","John A. Frenger Diary and Account Book, 1901-1914, SC 0414, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.","John Alonzo Frenger Diary and Account Book, SC 00659, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.","The John A. Frenger Diary and Account Book, 1880-1892, bulk 1881-1884, consists of one ledger of 180 pages and two loose newspaper clippings. The ledger documents household and farm expenses and also includes periodic diary entries (generally written on a semiweekly basis). Various newspaper clippings are pasted to the front inside cover and flyleaf. Topics include home remedies and political news. Also included are two loose newspapers clippings concerning a death of Juette Larett and a new fencing regulation put into place in Virginia. These clippings have been removed from the ledger and foldered separately.","The accounting portion of the ledger concerns Frenger's household and farm expenses (payment of fire insurance policy, tobacco, medicine, and axle grease) and receipts for goods sold (produce sold at store, bacon sold, and beef sold to butcher). ","Frenger's periodic entries primarily document the weather and general farm activities including planting, harvesting, and the overall condition of the farm. He records his church attendance, social visits, and travels to surrounding communities. Frenger also comments on local deaths and general town gossip. Many entries conclude with \"No News.\"","Of particular interest are Frenger's extensive accounts of the assassination attempt and eventual death of President James A. Garfield. He writes on July 3, 1881 of the assassination (attempt) of Garfield: \"Special Sad News: President Garfield was Assassinated yesterday in Washington yesterday just as he was boarding the cars by a man by the name of Grottoe [sic]. Mr. Garfield is my special friend and his sad end I can hardly bear. Tears do Flow when I think of the Great and Good man. May God Take care of him is my Hearts desire.\" Frenger writes on July 10, 1881, presumably after the news had reached August County, that President Garfield had been shot and only wounded: \"I am Truly Happy to Record the fact that President Garfield is Improving and is likely to Recover.\" However, Frenger's August 21, 1881 entry describes the inevitable: \"President Garfield is growing Worse I fear he will Die.\" He continues to write about President Garfield throughout September 1881 and concludes with a heartfelt entry on September 25: \"I am Sorry beyond Expression to note the Death of our venerable President James Abram Garfield which occurred at Long Branch on last Monday night at 10:35 P.M.\" Finally, Frenger mentions on July 2, 1882 that Guiteau, Garfield's assassin, was hung the week prior.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The John A. Frenger Diary and Account Book, 1880-1892, consists of one ledger that contains periodic diary entries in which Frenger, a farmer from Greenville, Augusta County, documents the weather, his local travels, farm activities, and commentary on political events. The ledger also includes accounts of Frenger's household and farm expenses and income.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","L. \u0026 T. Respess Books","Frenger, John Alonzo, 1847-1922","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0008","/repositories/4/resources/341"],"normalized_title_ssm":["John A. Frenger Diary and Account Book"],"collection_title_tesim":["John A. Frenger Diary and Account Book"],"collection_ssim":["John A. Frenger Diary and Account Book"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Virginia -- History, Local"],"geogname_ssim":["Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Virginia -- History, Local"],"creator_ssm":["Frenger, John Alonzo, 1847-1922","L. \u0026 T. Respess Books"],"creator_ssim":["Frenger, John Alonzo, 1847-1922","L. \u0026 T. Respess Books"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Frenger, John Alonzo, 1847-1922"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["L. \u0026 T. Respess Books"],"creators_ssim":["Frenger, John Alonzo, 1847-1922","L. \u0026 T. Respess Books"],"places_ssim":["Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Virginia -- History, Local"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Acquired from L\u0026T Respess Books on October 15, 2012."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Farmers -- Virginia -- Augusta County -- 19th century","Agriculture -- Virginia -- Augusta County -- 19th century","Diaries","Account books","Newspaper clippings","Weather diaries"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Farmers -- Virginia -- Augusta County -- 19th century","Agriculture -- Virginia -- Augusta County -- 19th century","Diaries","Account books","Newspaper clippings","Weather diaries"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 cubic feet One 180-page ledger (in one half-Hollinger box)"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 cubic feet One 180-page ledger (in one half-Hollinger box)"],"genreform_ssim":["Diaries","Account books","Newspaper clippings","Weather diaries"],"date_range_isim":[1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTwo folders in one half-Hollinger box containing one ledger and two newspaper clippings.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Two folders in one half-Hollinger box containing one ledger and two newspaper clippings."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003e\"Find A Grave – John A. Frenger, 1847-1922.\" Find A Grave - Millions of Cemetery Records and Online Memorials. Accessed September 09, 2016. \u003cextref type=\"simple\" actuate=\"onRequest\" show=\"new\" href=\"http://www.findagrave.com\"\u003ehttp://www.findagrave.com\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e\"United States Census, 1880,\" database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MCPJ-2C5 : 11 August 2016), John A Frenger, Riverhead, Augusta, Virginia, United States; citing enumeration district ED 18, sheet 241A, NARA microfilm publication T9 (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.), roll 1354; FHL microfilm 1,255,354.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["\"Find A Grave – John A. Frenger, 1847-1922.\" Find A Grave - Millions of Cemetery Records and Online Memorials. Accessed September 09, 2016.  http://www.findagrave.com","\"United States Census, 1880,\" database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MCPJ-2C5 : 11 August 2016), John A Frenger, Riverhead, Augusta, Virginia, United States; citing enumeration district ED 18, sheet 241A, NARA microfilm publication T9 (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.), roll 1354; FHL microfilm 1,255,354."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn Alonzo Frenger (1847-1922) lived in Greenville in Augusta County, Virginia. Frenger married Severine Bell Muse (1849-1904) and together they had at least three children, Robert Muse (1872-1948), Mary, and Odessa. He was a farmer by trade who recorded daily diary entries as well as financial accounts in this account book.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["John Alonzo Frenger (1847-1922) lived in Greenville in Augusta County, Virginia. Frenger married Severine Bell Muse (1849-1904) and together they had at least three children, Robert Muse (1872-1948), Mary, and Odessa. He was a farmer by trade who recorded daily diary entries as well as financial accounts in this account book."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box#, folder #], John A. Frenger Diary and Account Book, 1880-1892, bulk 1881-1884, SC 0008, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box#, folder #], John A. Frenger Diary and Account Book, 1880-1892, bulk 1881-1884, SC 0008, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTwo loose newspaper clippings were removed from the ledger and foldered separately.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Two loose newspaper clippings were removed from the ledger and foldered separately."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn A. Frenger Diary and Account Book, 1901-1914, SC 0414, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJohn Alonzo Frenger Diary and Account Book, SC 00659, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["John A. Frenger Diary and Account Book, 1901-1914, SC 0414, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.","John Alonzo Frenger Diary and Account Book, SC 00659, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe John A. Frenger Diary and Account Book, 1880-1892, bulk 1881-1884, consists of one ledger of 180 pages and two loose newspaper clippings. The ledger documents household and farm expenses and also includes periodic diary entries (generally written on a semiweekly basis). Various newspaper clippings are pasted to the front inside cover and flyleaf. Topics include home remedies and political news. Also included are two loose newspapers clippings concerning a death of Juette Larett and a new fencing regulation put into place in Virginia. These clippings have been removed from the ledger and foldered separately.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe accounting portion of the ledger concerns Frenger's household and farm expenses (payment of fire insurance policy, tobacco, medicine, and axle grease) and receipts for goods sold (produce sold at store, bacon sold, and beef sold to butcher). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrenger's periodic entries primarily document the weather and general farm activities including planting, harvesting, and the overall condition of the farm. He records his church attendance, social visits, and travels to surrounding communities. Frenger also comments on local deaths and general town gossip. Many entries conclude with \"No News.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOf particular interest are Frenger's extensive accounts of the assassination attempt and eventual death of President James A. Garfield. He writes on July 3, 1881 of the assassination (attempt) of Garfield: \"Special Sad News: President Garfield was Assassinated yesterday in Washington yesterday just as he was boarding the cars by a man by the name of Grottoe [sic]. Mr. Garfield is my special friend and his sad end I can hardly bear. Tears do Flow when I think of the Great and Good man. May God Take care of him is my Hearts desire.\" Frenger writes on July 10, 1881, presumably after the news had reached August County, that President Garfield had been shot and only wounded: \"I am Truly Happy to Record the fact that President Garfield is Improving and is likely to Recover.\" However, Frenger's August 21, 1881 entry describes the inevitable: \"President Garfield is growing Worse I fear he will Die.\" He continues to write about President Garfield throughout September 1881 and concludes with a heartfelt entry on September 25: \"I am Sorry beyond Expression to note the Death of our venerable President James Abram Garfield which occurred at Long Branch on last Monday night at 10:35 P.M.\" Finally, Frenger mentions on July 2, 1882 that Guiteau, Garfield's assassin, was hung the week prior.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The John A. Frenger Diary and Account Book, 1880-1892, bulk 1881-1884, consists of one ledger of 180 pages and two loose newspaper clippings. The ledger documents household and farm expenses and also includes periodic diary entries (generally written on a semiweekly basis). Various newspaper clippings are pasted to the front inside cover and flyleaf. Topics include home remedies and political news. Also included are two loose newspapers clippings concerning a death of Juette Larett and a new fencing regulation put into place in Virginia. These clippings have been removed from the ledger and foldered separately.","The accounting portion of the ledger concerns Frenger's household and farm expenses (payment of fire insurance policy, tobacco, medicine, and axle grease) and receipts for goods sold (produce sold at store, bacon sold, and beef sold to butcher). ","Frenger's periodic entries primarily document the weather and general farm activities including planting, harvesting, and the overall condition of the farm. He records his church attendance, social visits, and travels to surrounding communities. Frenger also comments on local deaths and general town gossip. Many entries conclude with \"No News.\"","Of particular interest are Frenger's extensive accounts of the assassination attempt and eventual death of President James A. Garfield. He writes on July 3, 1881 of the assassination (attempt) of Garfield: \"Special Sad News: President Garfield was Assassinated yesterday in Washington yesterday just as he was boarding the cars by a man by the name of Grottoe [sic]. Mr. Garfield is my special friend and his sad end I can hardly bear. Tears do Flow when I think of the Great and Good man. May God Take care of him is my Hearts desire.\" Frenger writes on July 10, 1881, presumably after the news had reached August County, that President Garfield had been shot and only wounded: \"I am Truly Happy to Record the fact that President Garfield is Improving and is likely to Recover.\" However, Frenger's August 21, 1881 entry describes the inevitable: \"President Garfield is growing Worse I fear he will Die.\" He continues to write about President Garfield throughout September 1881 and concludes with a heartfelt entry on September 25: \"I am Sorry beyond Expression to note the Death of our venerable President James Abram Garfield which occurred at Long Branch on last Monday night at 10:35 P.M.\" Finally, Frenger mentions on July 2, 1882 that Guiteau, Garfield's assassin, was hung the week prior."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_6b54b5776230d98b875390774eadd67b\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe John A. Frenger Diary and Account Book, 1880-1892, consists of one ledger that contains periodic diary entries in which Frenger, a farmer from Greenville, Augusta County, documents the weather, his local travels, farm activities, and commentary on political events. The ledger also includes accounts of Frenger's household and farm expenses and income.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The John A. Frenger Diary and Account Book, 1880-1892, consists of one ledger that contains periodic diary entries in which Frenger, a farmer from Greenville, Augusta County, documents the weather, his local travels, farm activities, and commentary on political events. The ledger also includes accounts of Frenger's household and farm expenses and income."],"names_coll_ssim":["L. \u0026 T. Respess Books"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","L. \u0026 T. Respess Books","Frenger, John Alonzo, 1847-1922"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","L. \u0026 T. Respess Books"],"persname_ssim":["Frenger, John Alonzo, 1847-1922"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:24:36.195Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_341","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_341","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_341","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_341","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_341.xml","title_ssm":["John A. Frenger Diary and Account Book"],"title_tesim":["John A. Frenger Diary and Account Book"],"unitdate_ssm":["1880-1892","1881-1884"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1881-1884"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1880-1892"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0008","/repositories/4/resources/341"],"text":["SC 0008","/repositories/4/resources/341","John A. Frenger Diary and Account Book","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Virginia -- History, Local","Farmers -- Virginia -- Augusta County -- 19th century","Agriculture -- Virginia -- Augusta County -- 19th century","Diaries","Account books","Newspaper clippings","Weather diaries","Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Two folders in one half-Hollinger box containing one ledger and two newspaper clippings.","\"Find A Grave – John A. Frenger, 1847-1922.\" Find A Grave - Millions of Cemetery Records and Online Memorials. Accessed September 09, 2016.  http://www.findagrave.com","\"United States Census, 1880,\" database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MCPJ-2C5 : 11 August 2016), John A Frenger, Riverhead, Augusta, Virginia, United States; citing enumeration district ED 18, sheet 241A, NARA microfilm publication T9 (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.), roll 1354; FHL microfilm 1,255,354.","John Alonzo Frenger (1847-1922) lived in Greenville in Augusta County, Virginia. Frenger married Severine Bell Muse (1849-1904) and together they had at least three children, Robert Muse (1872-1948), Mary, and Odessa. He was a farmer by trade who recorded daily diary entries as well as financial accounts in this account book.","Two loose newspaper clippings were removed from the ledger and foldered separately.","John A. Frenger Diary and Account Book, 1901-1914, SC 0414, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.","John Alonzo Frenger Diary and Account Book, SC 00659, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.","The John A. Frenger Diary and Account Book, 1880-1892, bulk 1881-1884, consists of one ledger of 180 pages and two loose newspaper clippings. The ledger documents household and farm expenses and also includes periodic diary entries (generally written on a semiweekly basis). Various newspaper clippings are pasted to the front inside cover and flyleaf. Topics include home remedies and political news. Also included are two loose newspapers clippings concerning a death of Juette Larett and a new fencing regulation put into place in Virginia. These clippings have been removed from the ledger and foldered separately.","The accounting portion of the ledger concerns Frenger's household and farm expenses (payment of fire insurance policy, tobacco, medicine, and axle grease) and receipts for goods sold (produce sold at store, bacon sold, and beef sold to butcher). ","Frenger's periodic entries primarily document the weather and general farm activities including planting, harvesting, and the overall condition of the farm. He records his church attendance, social visits, and travels to surrounding communities. Frenger also comments on local deaths and general town gossip. Many entries conclude with \"No News.\"","Of particular interest are Frenger's extensive accounts of the assassination attempt and eventual death of President James A. Garfield. He writes on July 3, 1881 of the assassination (attempt) of Garfield: \"Special Sad News: President Garfield was Assassinated yesterday in Washington yesterday just as he was boarding the cars by a man by the name of Grottoe [sic]. Mr. Garfield is my special friend and his sad end I can hardly bear. Tears do Flow when I think of the Great and Good man. May God Take care of him is my Hearts desire.\" Frenger writes on July 10, 1881, presumably after the news had reached August County, that President Garfield had been shot and only wounded: \"I am Truly Happy to Record the fact that President Garfield is Improving and is likely to Recover.\" However, Frenger's August 21, 1881 entry describes the inevitable: \"President Garfield is growing Worse I fear he will Die.\" He continues to write about President Garfield throughout September 1881 and concludes with a heartfelt entry on September 25: \"I am Sorry beyond Expression to note the Death of our venerable President James Abram Garfield which occurred at Long Branch on last Monday night at 10:35 P.M.\" Finally, Frenger mentions on July 2, 1882 that Guiteau, Garfield's assassin, was hung the week prior.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The John A. Frenger Diary and Account Book, 1880-1892, consists of one ledger that contains periodic diary entries in which Frenger, a farmer from Greenville, Augusta County, documents the weather, his local travels, farm activities, and commentary on political events. The ledger also includes accounts of Frenger's household and farm expenses and income.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","L. \u0026 T. Respess Books","Frenger, John Alonzo, 1847-1922","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0008","/repositories/4/resources/341"],"normalized_title_ssm":["John A. Frenger Diary and Account Book"],"collection_title_tesim":["John A. Frenger Diary and Account Book"],"collection_ssim":["John A. Frenger Diary and Account Book"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Virginia -- History, Local"],"geogname_ssim":["Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Virginia -- History, Local"],"creator_ssm":["Frenger, John Alonzo, 1847-1922","L. \u0026 T. Respess Books"],"creator_ssim":["Frenger, John Alonzo, 1847-1922","L. \u0026 T. Respess Books"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Frenger, John Alonzo, 1847-1922"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["L. \u0026 T. Respess Books"],"creators_ssim":["Frenger, John Alonzo, 1847-1922","L. \u0026 T. Respess Books"],"places_ssim":["Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Virginia -- History, Local"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Acquired from L\u0026T Respess Books on October 15, 2012."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Farmers -- Virginia -- Augusta County -- 19th century","Agriculture -- Virginia -- Augusta County -- 19th century","Diaries","Account books","Newspaper clippings","Weather diaries"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Farmers -- Virginia -- Augusta County -- 19th century","Agriculture -- Virginia -- Augusta County -- 19th century","Diaries","Account books","Newspaper clippings","Weather diaries"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 cubic feet One 180-page ledger (in one half-Hollinger box)"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 cubic feet One 180-page ledger (in one half-Hollinger box)"],"genreform_ssim":["Diaries","Account books","Newspaper clippings","Weather diaries"],"date_range_isim":[1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTwo folders in one half-Hollinger box containing one ledger and two newspaper clippings.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Two folders in one half-Hollinger box containing one ledger and two newspaper clippings."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003e\"Find A Grave – John A. Frenger, 1847-1922.\" Find A Grave - Millions of Cemetery Records and Online Memorials. Accessed September 09, 2016. \u003cextref type=\"simple\" actuate=\"onRequest\" show=\"new\" href=\"http://www.findagrave.com\"\u003ehttp://www.findagrave.com\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e\"United States Census, 1880,\" database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MCPJ-2C5 : 11 August 2016), John A Frenger, Riverhead, Augusta, Virginia, United States; citing enumeration district ED 18, sheet 241A, NARA microfilm publication T9 (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.), roll 1354; FHL microfilm 1,255,354.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["\"Find A Grave – John A. Frenger, 1847-1922.\" Find A Grave - Millions of Cemetery Records and Online Memorials. Accessed September 09, 2016.  http://www.findagrave.com","\"United States Census, 1880,\" database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MCPJ-2C5 : 11 August 2016), John A Frenger, Riverhead, Augusta, Virginia, United States; citing enumeration district ED 18, sheet 241A, NARA microfilm publication T9 (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.), roll 1354; FHL microfilm 1,255,354."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn Alonzo Frenger (1847-1922) lived in Greenville in Augusta County, Virginia. Frenger married Severine Bell Muse (1849-1904) and together they had at least three children, Robert Muse (1872-1948), Mary, and Odessa. He was a farmer by trade who recorded daily diary entries as well as financial accounts in this account book.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["John Alonzo Frenger (1847-1922) lived in Greenville in Augusta County, Virginia. Frenger married Severine Bell Muse (1849-1904) and together they had at least three children, Robert Muse (1872-1948), Mary, and Odessa. He was a farmer by trade who recorded daily diary entries as well as financial accounts in this account book."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box#, folder #], John A. Frenger Diary and Account Book, 1880-1892, bulk 1881-1884, SC 0008, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box#, folder #], John A. Frenger Diary and Account Book, 1880-1892, bulk 1881-1884, SC 0008, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTwo loose newspaper clippings were removed from the ledger and foldered separately.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Two loose newspaper clippings were removed from the ledger and foldered separately."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn A. Frenger Diary and Account Book, 1901-1914, SC 0414, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJohn Alonzo Frenger Diary and Account Book, SC 00659, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["John A. Frenger Diary and Account Book, 1901-1914, SC 0414, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.","John Alonzo Frenger Diary and Account Book, SC 00659, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe John A. Frenger Diary and Account Book, 1880-1892, bulk 1881-1884, consists of one ledger of 180 pages and two loose newspaper clippings. The ledger documents household and farm expenses and also includes periodic diary entries (generally written on a semiweekly basis). Various newspaper clippings are pasted to the front inside cover and flyleaf. Topics include home remedies and political news. Also included are two loose newspapers clippings concerning a death of Juette Larett and a new fencing regulation put into place in Virginia. These clippings have been removed from the ledger and foldered separately.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe accounting portion of the ledger concerns Frenger's household and farm expenses (payment of fire insurance policy, tobacco, medicine, and axle grease) and receipts for goods sold (produce sold at store, bacon sold, and beef sold to butcher). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrenger's periodic entries primarily document the weather and general farm activities including planting, harvesting, and the overall condition of the farm. He records his church attendance, social visits, and travels to surrounding communities. Frenger also comments on local deaths and general town gossip. Many entries conclude with \"No News.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOf particular interest are Frenger's extensive accounts of the assassination attempt and eventual death of President James A. Garfield. He writes on July 3, 1881 of the assassination (attempt) of Garfield: \"Special Sad News: President Garfield was Assassinated yesterday in Washington yesterday just as he was boarding the cars by a man by the name of Grottoe [sic]. Mr. Garfield is my special friend and his sad end I can hardly bear. Tears do Flow when I think of the Great and Good man. May God Take care of him is my Hearts desire.\" Frenger writes on July 10, 1881, presumably after the news had reached August County, that President Garfield had been shot and only wounded: \"I am Truly Happy to Record the fact that President Garfield is Improving and is likely to Recover.\" However, Frenger's August 21, 1881 entry describes the inevitable: \"President Garfield is growing Worse I fear he will Die.\" He continues to write about President Garfield throughout September 1881 and concludes with a heartfelt entry on September 25: \"I am Sorry beyond Expression to note the Death of our venerable President James Abram Garfield which occurred at Long Branch on last Monday night at 10:35 P.M.\" Finally, Frenger mentions on July 2, 1882 that Guiteau, Garfield's assassin, was hung the week prior.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The John A. Frenger Diary and Account Book, 1880-1892, bulk 1881-1884, consists of one ledger of 180 pages and two loose newspaper clippings. The ledger documents household and farm expenses and also includes periodic diary entries (generally written on a semiweekly basis). Various newspaper clippings are pasted to the front inside cover and flyleaf. Topics include home remedies and political news. Also included are two loose newspapers clippings concerning a death of Juette Larett and a new fencing regulation put into place in Virginia. These clippings have been removed from the ledger and foldered separately.","The accounting portion of the ledger concerns Frenger's household and farm expenses (payment of fire insurance policy, tobacco, medicine, and axle grease) and receipts for goods sold (produce sold at store, bacon sold, and beef sold to butcher). ","Frenger's periodic entries primarily document the weather and general farm activities including planting, harvesting, and the overall condition of the farm. He records his church attendance, social visits, and travels to surrounding communities. Frenger also comments on local deaths and general town gossip. Many entries conclude with \"No News.\"","Of particular interest are Frenger's extensive accounts of the assassination attempt and eventual death of President James A. Garfield. He writes on July 3, 1881 of the assassination (attempt) of Garfield: \"Special Sad News: President Garfield was Assassinated yesterday in Washington yesterday just as he was boarding the cars by a man by the name of Grottoe [sic]. Mr. Garfield is my special friend and his sad end I can hardly bear. Tears do Flow when I think of the Great and Good man. May God Take care of him is my Hearts desire.\" Frenger writes on July 10, 1881, presumably after the news had reached August County, that President Garfield had been shot and only wounded: \"I am Truly Happy to Record the fact that President Garfield is Improving and is likely to Recover.\" However, Frenger's August 21, 1881 entry describes the inevitable: \"President Garfield is growing Worse I fear he will Die.\" He continues to write about President Garfield throughout September 1881 and concludes with a heartfelt entry on September 25: \"I am Sorry beyond Expression to note the Death of our venerable President James Abram Garfield which occurred at Long Branch on last Monday night at 10:35 P.M.\" Finally, Frenger mentions on July 2, 1882 that Guiteau, Garfield's assassin, was hung the week prior."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_6b54b5776230d98b875390774eadd67b\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe John A. Frenger Diary and Account Book, 1880-1892, consists of one ledger that contains periodic diary entries in which Frenger, a farmer from Greenville, Augusta County, documents the weather, his local travels, farm activities, and commentary on political events. The ledger also includes accounts of Frenger's household and farm expenses and income.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The John A. Frenger Diary and Account Book, 1880-1892, consists of one ledger that contains periodic diary entries in which Frenger, a farmer from Greenville, Augusta County, documents the weather, his local travels, farm activities, and commentary on political events. The ledger also includes accounts of Frenger's household and farm expenses and income."],"names_coll_ssim":["L. \u0026 T. Respess Books"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","L. \u0026 T. Respess Books","Frenger, John Alonzo, 1847-1922"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","L. \u0026 T. Respess Books"],"persname_ssim":["Frenger, John Alonzo, 1847-1922"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:24:36.195Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_341"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_305","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Mary Jordan Diaries","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_305#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Jordan, Mary, 1798-1883","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_305#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The collection is comprised of two bound diaries kept by Mary Jordan of Harrisonburg between 1862 and 1883, with short entries pertaining to the Civil War in the Shenandoah Valley, the weather, local births, deaths and marriages, and daily activities such as church attendance, visits from relatives and friends, and travel.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_305#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_305","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_305","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_305","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_305","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_305.xml","title_ssm":["Mary Jordan Diaries"],"title_tesim":["Mary Jordan Diaries"],"unitdate_ssm":["1862-1883"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1862-1883"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0162","/repositories/4/resources/305"],"text":["SC 0162","/repositories/4/resources/305","Mary Jordan Diaries","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Genealogy","Confederate States of America -- History, Military","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia -- History -- 19th century -- Social life and customs","Women -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- Diaries","Women -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Diaries","Diaries","Weather diaries","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","A transcribed copy of the 1862-1864 diary,  Harrisonburg, Virginia: Diary of a Citizen from May 9, 1862-August 22, 1864, Local Events During the Civil War  (1961), is cataloged and available in Special Collections.","The diaries remain bound and housed in two folders.","Wayland, John.  Historic Harrisonburg . Harrisonburg, VA: C. J. Carrier Company, 1990: 282. ","Find A Grave . \"Mary Jordan (1798-1883).\" Find a Grave Memorial no. 16632274. Accessed May 21, 2018. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/16632274.","Lathrop, J.M. and B.N. Griffing.  An atlas of Rockingham County, Virginia from actual surveys by J. M. Lathrop and B. N. Griffing.  Philadelphia, Pa. : D. J. Lake \u0026 Co., 1885.","Firebaugh, Marshall A.  Rockingham County personals : published 1884 in Hardesty's Encyclopedia, republished 1984.  Harrisonburg, Va. : Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society, 1984.","Mary Jordan (1798-1883) lived in Harrisonburg, Virginia, with her daughter, Julia Ann Jordan Sprinkel, and Julia's husband, Arthur St. Clair in Harrisonburg. The Sprinkel family homestead was located on the corner of Main and Rock streets. The local African-American church and school were located in this the same section of town, suggesting why Jordan mentions the deaths of several local African Americans in her 1879 diary. The 1879 diary also contains mentions of her granddaughters, \"Mag\" (Margaret) and Mary. Jordan is buried at Woodbine Cemetery in Harrisonburg.","The 1862-1864 diary was part of the private collection of Maxine and E.R. Grymes Heneberger of Harrisonburg, Virginia. Grymes Heneberger found the diary in 1960 and had it transcribed. He self-published a small run of copies which he offered for sale and distributed to local libraries.","The 1879-1883 diary was part of the Harrison family estate of Harrisonburg, Virginia.","While the 1862-1864 diary does not include any explicit identifying information about the creator, contextual information confirms it was  written by Mary Jordan of Harrisonburg, Virginia. Both December 5 entries in the diary (1862 and 1863) record Jordan's exact birthday and year. This corresponds to the birth year recorded in the 1879-1883 diary. Additionally, the handwriting in present in both diaries matches as does the scribbling used to separate diary entries.","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 4025 .","The collection is comprised of two bound diaries kept by Mary Jordan of Harrisonburg. ","The first diary dates from May 9, 1862 through August 22, 1864. Jordan's entries describe the death of Turner Ashby (\"Col. Ashby was killed this evening. Poor Ashby poor fellow\"), the Battle of New Market and other battles of note, troop and prisoner movements through Harrisonburg, death and burials of local soldiers, and Union soldiers movements. Additional entries of note include May 7, 1863: \"The Yankee's advanceing great excitement in Town and Country people moveing cattle and negroes and all the commisary stores there was never so much confusion in this place before.\"","Names of Charles Frank Echard (1870-1941) family members are penciled in the diary and post-date Mary Jordan's entries. Echard was married to Maude Jordan Dillard, Mary Jordan's great granddaughter.","The second diary dates from January 1, 1879 until October 1879, and also includes scattered entries through 1883. The diary entries are brief and record the weather, daily activities such as church attendance, visits from relatives and friends, travel of relatives to Baltimore, and getting loads of wood and barrels of flour. Occasional items of local news are also mentioned, such as court dates, trials, births, marriages, and deaths, including the deaths of several African Americans living in Harrisonburg in 1879 (\"Sunday January the 26th 1879 A coulered woman buried this evening\").","On the first page is written: \"Mary Jordan born in 17 hundred and 98 and this is 1879 I am still here.\" Family names mentioned in the diary include Sprinkel, Dillard, Bowman, Rohr, Wilton, and Dwyer, among others.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The collection is comprised of two bound diaries kept by Mary Jordan of Harrisonburg between 1862 and 1883, with short entries pertaining to the Civil War in the Shenandoah Valley, the weather, local births, deaths and marriages, and daily activities such as church attendance, visits from relatives and friends, and travel.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","Jordan, Mary, 1798-1883","Ashby, Turner, 1828-1862","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0162","/repositories/4/resources/305"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Mary Jordan Diaries"],"collection_title_tesim":["Mary Jordan Diaries"],"collection_ssim":["Mary Jordan Diaries"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Genealogy","Confederate States of America -- History, Military","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia -- History -- 19th century -- Social life and customs"],"geogname_ssim":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Genealogy","Confederate States of America -- History, Military","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia -- History -- 19th century -- Social life and customs"],"creator_ssm":["Jordan, Mary, 1798-1883","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"creator_ssim":["Jordan, Mary, 1798-1883","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Jordan, Mary, 1798-1883"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"creators_ssim":["Jordan, Mary, 1798-1883","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"places_ssim":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Genealogy","Confederate States of America -- History, Military","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia -- History -- 19th century -- Social life and customs"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The diary dated 1879-1883 was purchased from Green Valley Auctions in January 2002.","The diary dated 1862-1864 was purchased from Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates in August 2018."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- Diaries","Women -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Diaries","Diaries","Weather diaries"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- Diaries","Women -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Diaries","Diaries","Weather diaries"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.2 cubic feet 2 folders"],"extent_tesim":["0.2 cubic feet 2 folders"],"genreform_ssim":["Diaries","Weather diaries"],"date_range_isim":[1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA transcribed copy of the 1862-1864 diary, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHarrisonburg, Virginia: Diary of a Citizen from May 9, 1862-August 22, 1864, Local Events During the Civil War\u003c/emph\u003e (1961), is cataloged and available in Special Collections.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternate Format"],"altformavail_tesim":["A transcribed copy of the 1862-1864 diary,  Harrisonburg, Virginia: Diary of a Citizen from May 9, 1862-August 22, 1864, Local Events During the Civil War  (1961), is cataloged and available in Special Collections."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe diaries remain bound and housed in two folders.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The diaries remain bound and housed in two folders."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eWayland, John. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHistoric Harrisonburg\u003c/emph\u003e. Harrisonburg, VA: C. J. Carrier Company, 1990: 282. \u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eFind A Grave\u003c/emph\u003e. \"Mary Jordan (1798-1883).\" Find a Grave Memorial no. 16632274. Accessed May 21, 2018. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/16632274.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eLathrop, J.M. and B.N. Griffing. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eAn atlas of Rockingham County, Virginia from actual surveys by J. M. Lathrop and B. N. Griffing.\u003c/emph\u003e Philadelphia, Pa. : D. J. Lake \u0026amp; Co., 1885.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eFirebaugh, Marshall A. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eRockingham County personals : published 1884 in Hardesty's Encyclopedia, republished 1984.\u003c/emph\u003e Harrisonburg, Va. : Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society, 1984.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Wayland, John.  Historic Harrisonburg . Harrisonburg, VA: C. J. Carrier Company, 1990: 282. ","Find A Grave . \"Mary Jordan (1798-1883).\" Find a Grave Memorial no. 16632274. Accessed May 21, 2018. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/16632274.","Lathrop, J.M. and B.N. Griffing.  An atlas of Rockingham County, Virginia from actual surveys by J. M. Lathrop and B. N. Griffing.  Philadelphia, Pa. : D. J. Lake \u0026 Co., 1885.","Firebaugh, Marshall A.  Rockingham County personals : published 1884 in Hardesty's Encyclopedia, republished 1984.  Harrisonburg, Va. : Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society, 1984."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMary Jordan (1798-1883) lived in Harrisonburg, Virginia, with her daughter, Julia Ann Jordan Sprinkel, and Julia's husband, Arthur St. Clair in Harrisonburg. The Sprinkel family homestead was located on the corner of Main and Rock streets. The local African-American church and school were located in this the same section of town, suggesting why Jordan mentions the deaths of several local African Americans in her 1879 diary. The 1879 diary also contains mentions of her granddaughters, \"Mag\" (Margaret) and Mary. Jordan is buried at Woodbine Cemetery in Harrisonburg.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Mary Jordan (1798-1883) lived in Harrisonburg, Virginia, with her daughter, Julia Ann Jordan Sprinkel, and Julia's husband, Arthur St. Clair in Harrisonburg. The Sprinkel family homestead was located on the corner of Main and Rock streets. The local African-American church and school were located in this the same section of town, suggesting why Jordan mentions the deaths of several local African Americans in her 1879 diary. The 1879 diary also contains mentions of her granddaughters, \"Mag\" (Margaret) and Mary. Jordan is buried at Woodbine Cemetery in Harrisonburg."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe 1862-1864 diary was part of the private collection of Maxine and E.R. Grymes Heneberger of Harrisonburg, Virginia. Grymes Heneberger found the diary in 1960 and had it transcribed. He self-published a small run of copies which he offered for sale and distributed to local libraries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe 1879-1883 diary was part of the Harrison family estate of Harrisonburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["The 1862-1864 diary was part of the private collection of Maxine and E.R. Grymes Heneberger of Harrisonburg, Virginia. Grymes Heneberger found the diary in 1960 and had it transcribed. He self-published a small run of copies which he offered for sale and distributed to local libraries.","The 1879-1883 diary was part of the Harrison family estate of Harrisonburg, Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], [box #, folder #], Mary Jordan Diaries, 1862-1883, SC 0162, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], [box #, folder #], Mary Jordan Diaries, 1862-1883, SC 0162, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWhile the 1862-1864 diary does not include any explicit identifying information about the creator, contextual information confirms it was  written by Mary Jordan of Harrisonburg, Virginia. Both December 5 entries in the diary (1862 and 1863) record Jordan's exact birthday and year. This corresponds to the birth year recorded in the 1879-1883 diary. Additionally, the handwriting in present in both diaries matches as does the scribbling used to separate diary entries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThis collection was previously cataloged as SC 4025\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["While the 1862-1864 diary does not include any explicit identifying information about the creator, contextual information confirms it was  written by Mary Jordan of Harrisonburg, Virginia. Both December 5 entries in the diary (1862 and 1863) record Jordan's exact birthday and year. This corresponds to the birth year recorded in the 1879-1883 diary. Additionally, the handwriting in present in both diaries matches as does the scribbling used to separate diary entries.","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 4025 ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is comprised of two bound diaries kept by Mary Jordan of Harrisonburg. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe first diary dates from May 9, 1862 through August 22, 1864. Jordan's entries describe the death of Turner Ashby (\"Col. Ashby was killed this evening. Poor Ashby poor fellow\"), the Battle of New Market and other battles of note, troop and prisoner movements through Harrisonburg, death and burials of local soldiers, and Union soldiers movements. Additional entries of note include May 7, 1863: \"The Yankee's advanceing great excitement in Town and Country people moveing cattle and negroes and all the commisary stores there was never so much confusion in this place before.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNames of Charles Frank Echard (1870-1941) family members are penciled in the diary and post-date Mary Jordan's entries. Echard was married to Maude Jordan Dillard, Mary Jordan's great granddaughter.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe second diary dates from January 1, 1879 until October 1879, and also includes scattered entries through 1883. The diary entries are brief and record the weather, daily activities such as church attendance, visits from relatives and friends, travel of relatives to Baltimore, and getting loads of wood and barrels of flour. Occasional items of local news are also mentioned, such as court dates, trials, births, marriages, and deaths, including the deaths of several African Americans living in Harrisonburg in 1879 (\"Sunday January the 26th 1879 A coulered woman buried this evening\").\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOn the first page is written: \"Mary Jordan born in 17 hundred and 98 and this is 1879 I am still here.\" Family names mentioned in the diary include Sprinkel, Dillard, Bowman, Rohr, Wilton, and Dwyer, among others.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection is comprised of two bound diaries kept by Mary Jordan of Harrisonburg. ","The first diary dates from May 9, 1862 through August 22, 1864. Jordan's entries describe the death of Turner Ashby (\"Col. Ashby was killed this evening. Poor Ashby poor fellow\"), the Battle of New Market and other battles of note, troop and prisoner movements through Harrisonburg, death and burials of local soldiers, and Union soldiers movements. Additional entries of note include May 7, 1863: \"The Yankee's advanceing great excitement in Town and Country people moveing cattle and negroes and all the commisary stores there was never so much confusion in this place before.\"","Names of Charles Frank Echard (1870-1941) family members are penciled in the diary and post-date Mary Jordan's entries. Echard was married to Maude Jordan Dillard, Mary Jordan's great granddaughter.","The second diary dates from January 1, 1879 until October 1879, and also includes scattered entries through 1883. The diary entries are brief and record the weather, daily activities such as church attendance, visits from relatives and friends, travel of relatives to Baltimore, and getting loads of wood and barrels of flour. Occasional items of local news are also mentioned, such as court dates, trials, births, marriages, and deaths, including the deaths of several African Americans living in Harrisonburg in 1879 (\"Sunday January the 26th 1879 A coulered woman buried this evening\").","On the first page is written: \"Mary Jordan born in 17 hundred and 98 and this is 1879 I am still here.\" Family names mentioned in the diary include Sprinkel, Dillard, Bowman, Rohr, Wilton, and Dwyer, among others."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_02461468b396794f43176481fe9c595f\"\u003eThe collection is comprised of two bound diaries kept by Mary Jordan of Harrisonburg between 1862 and 1883, with short entries pertaining to the Civil War in the Shenandoah Valley, the weather, local births, deaths and marriages, and daily activities such as church attendance, visits from relatives and friends, and travel.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection is comprised of two bound diaries kept by Mary Jordan of Harrisonburg between 1862 and 1883, with short entries pertaining to the Civil War in the Shenandoah Valley, the weather, local births, deaths and marriages, and daily activities such as church attendance, visits from relatives and friends, and travel."],"names_coll_ssim":["Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","Ashby, Turner, 1828-1862"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","Jordan, Mary, 1798-1883","Ashby, Turner, 1828-1862"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"persname_ssim":["Jordan, Mary, 1798-1883","Ashby, Turner, 1828-1862"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:24:36.195Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_305","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_305","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_305","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_305","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_305.xml","title_ssm":["Mary Jordan Diaries"],"title_tesim":["Mary Jordan Diaries"],"unitdate_ssm":["1862-1883"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1862-1883"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0162","/repositories/4/resources/305"],"text":["SC 0162","/repositories/4/resources/305","Mary Jordan Diaries","Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Genealogy","Confederate States of America -- History, Military","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia -- History -- 19th century -- Social life and customs","Women -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- Diaries","Women -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Diaries","Diaries","Weather diaries","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","A transcribed copy of the 1862-1864 diary,  Harrisonburg, Virginia: Diary of a Citizen from May 9, 1862-August 22, 1864, Local Events During the Civil War  (1961), is cataloged and available in Special Collections.","The diaries remain bound and housed in two folders.","Wayland, John.  Historic Harrisonburg . Harrisonburg, VA: C. J. Carrier Company, 1990: 282. ","Find A Grave . \"Mary Jordan (1798-1883).\" Find a Grave Memorial no. 16632274. Accessed May 21, 2018. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/16632274.","Lathrop, J.M. and B.N. Griffing.  An atlas of Rockingham County, Virginia from actual surveys by J. M. Lathrop and B. N. Griffing.  Philadelphia, Pa. : D. J. Lake \u0026 Co., 1885.","Firebaugh, Marshall A.  Rockingham County personals : published 1884 in Hardesty's Encyclopedia, republished 1984.  Harrisonburg, Va. : Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society, 1984.","Mary Jordan (1798-1883) lived in Harrisonburg, Virginia, with her daughter, Julia Ann Jordan Sprinkel, and Julia's husband, Arthur St. Clair in Harrisonburg. The Sprinkel family homestead was located on the corner of Main and Rock streets. The local African-American church and school were located in this the same section of town, suggesting why Jordan mentions the deaths of several local African Americans in her 1879 diary. The 1879 diary also contains mentions of her granddaughters, \"Mag\" (Margaret) and Mary. Jordan is buried at Woodbine Cemetery in Harrisonburg.","The 1862-1864 diary was part of the private collection of Maxine and E.R. Grymes Heneberger of Harrisonburg, Virginia. Grymes Heneberger found the diary in 1960 and had it transcribed. He self-published a small run of copies which he offered for sale and distributed to local libraries.","The 1879-1883 diary was part of the Harrison family estate of Harrisonburg, Virginia.","While the 1862-1864 diary does not include any explicit identifying information about the creator, contextual information confirms it was  written by Mary Jordan of Harrisonburg, Virginia. Both December 5 entries in the diary (1862 and 1863) record Jordan's exact birthday and year. This corresponds to the birth year recorded in the 1879-1883 diary. Additionally, the handwriting in present in both diaries matches as does the scribbling used to separate diary entries.","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 4025 .","The collection is comprised of two bound diaries kept by Mary Jordan of Harrisonburg. ","The first diary dates from May 9, 1862 through August 22, 1864. Jordan's entries describe the death of Turner Ashby (\"Col. Ashby was killed this evening. Poor Ashby poor fellow\"), the Battle of New Market and other battles of note, troop and prisoner movements through Harrisonburg, death and burials of local soldiers, and Union soldiers movements. Additional entries of note include May 7, 1863: \"The Yankee's advanceing great excitement in Town and Country people moveing cattle and negroes and all the commisary stores there was never so much confusion in this place before.\"","Names of Charles Frank Echard (1870-1941) family members are penciled in the diary and post-date Mary Jordan's entries. Echard was married to Maude Jordan Dillard, Mary Jordan's great granddaughter.","The second diary dates from January 1, 1879 until October 1879, and also includes scattered entries through 1883. The diary entries are brief and record the weather, daily activities such as church attendance, visits from relatives and friends, travel of relatives to Baltimore, and getting loads of wood and barrels of flour. Occasional items of local news are also mentioned, such as court dates, trials, births, marriages, and deaths, including the deaths of several African Americans living in Harrisonburg in 1879 (\"Sunday January the 26th 1879 A coulered woman buried this evening\").","On the first page is written: \"Mary Jordan born in 17 hundred and 98 and this is 1879 I am still here.\" Family names mentioned in the diary include Sprinkel, Dillard, Bowman, Rohr, Wilton, and Dwyer, among others.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The collection is comprised of two bound diaries kept by Mary Jordan of Harrisonburg between 1862 and 1883, with short entries pertaining to the Civil War in the Shenandoah Valley, the weather, local births, deaths and marriages, and daily activities such as church attendance, visits from relatives and friends, and travel.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","Jordan, Mary, 1798-1883","Ashby, Turner, 1828-1862","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0162","/repositories/4/resources/305"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Mary Jordan Diaries"],"collection_title_tesim":["Mary Jordan Diaries"],"collection_ssim":["Mary Jordan Diaries"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Genealogy","Confederate States of America -- History, Military","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia -- History -- 19th century -- Social life and customs"],"geogname_ssim":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Genealogy","Confederate States of America -- History, Military","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia -- History -- 19th century -- Social life and customs"],"creator_ssm":["Jordan, Mary, 1798-1883","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"creator_ssim":["Jordan, Mary, 1798-1883","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Jordan, Mary, 1798-1883"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"creators_ssim":["Jordan, Mary, 1798-1883","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"places_ssim":["Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Genealogy","Confederate States of America -- History, Military","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia -- History -- 19th century -- Social life and customs"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The diary dated 1879-1883 was purchased from Green Valley Auctions in January 2002.","The diary dated 1862-1864 was purchased from Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates in August 2018."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- Diaries","Women -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Diaries","Diaries","Weather diaries"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- Diaries","Women -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg -- Diaries","Diaries","Weather diaries"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.2 cubic feet 2 folders"],"extent_tesim":["0.2 cubic feet 2 folders"],"genreform_ssim":["Diaries","Weather diaries"],"date_range_isim":[1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA transcribed copy of the 1862-1864 diary, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHarrisonburg, Virginia: Diary of a Citizen from May 9, 1862-August 22, 1864, Local Events During the Civil War\u003c/emph\u003e (1961), is cataloged and available in Special Collections.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternate Format"],"altformavail_tesim":["A transcribed copy of the 1862-1864 diary,  Harrisonburg, Virginia: Diary of a Citizen from May 9, 1862-August 22, 1864, Local Events During the Civil War  (1961), is cataloged and available in Special Collections."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe diaries remain bound and housed in two folders.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The diaries remain bound and housed in two folders."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eWayland, John. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHistoric Harrisonburg\u003c/emph\u003e. Harrisonburg, VA: C. J. Carrier Company, 1990: 282. \u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eFind A Grave\u003c/emph\u003e. \"Mary Jordan (1798-1883).\" Find a Grave Memorial no. 16632274. Accessed May 21, 2018. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/16632274.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eLathrop, J.M. and B.N. Griffing. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eAn atlas of Rockingham County, Virginia from actual surveys by J. M. Lathrop and B. N. Griffing.\u003c/emph\u003e Philadelphia, Pa. : D. J. Lake \u0026amp; Co., 1885.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eFirebaugh, Marshall A. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eRockingham County personals : published 1884 in Hardesty's Encyclopedia, republished 1984.\u003c/emph\u003e Harrisonburg, Va. : Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society, 1984.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Wayland, John.  Historic Harrisonburg . Harrisonburg, VA: C. J. Carrier Company, 1990: 282. ","Find A Grave . \"Mary Jordan (1798-1883).\" Find a Grave Memorial no. 16632274. Accessed May 21, 2018. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/16632274.","Lathrop, J.M. and B.N. Griffing.  An atlas of Rockingham County, Virginia from actual surveys by J. M. Lathrop and B. N. Griffing.  Philadelphia, Pa. : D. J. Lake \u0026 Co., 1885.","Firebaugh, Marshall A.  Rockingham County personals : published 1884 in Hardesty's Encyclopedia, republished 1984.  Harrisonburg, Va. : Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society, 1984."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMary Jordan (1798-1883) lived in Harrisonburg, Virginia, with her daughter, Julia Ann Jordan Sprinkel, and Julia's husband, Arthur St. Clair in Harrisonburg. The Sprinkel family homestead was located on the corner of Main and Rock streets. The local African-American church and school were located in this the same section of town, suggesting why Jordan mentions the deaths of several local African Americans in her 1879 diary. The 1879 diary also contains mentions of her granddaughters, \"Mag\" (Margaret) and Mary. Jordan is buried at Woodbine Cemetery in Harrisonburg.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Mary Jordan (1798-1883) lived in Harrisonburg, Virginia, with her daughter, Julia Ann Jordan Sprinkel, and Julia's husband, Arthur St. Clair in Harrisonburg. The Sprinkel family homestead was located on the corner of Main and Rock streets. The local African-American church and school were located in this the same section of town, suggesting why Jordan mentions the deaths of several local African Americans in her 1879 diary. The 1879 diary also contains mentions of her granddaughters, \"Mag\" (Margaret) and Mary. Jordan is buried at Woodbine Cemetery in Harrisonburg."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe 1862-1864 diary was part of the private collection of Maxine and E.R. Grymes Heneberger of Harrisonburg, Virginia. Grymes Heneberger found the diary in 1960 and had it transcribed. He self-published a small run of copies which he offered for sale and distributed to local libraries.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe 1879-1883 diary was part of the Harrison family estate of Harrisonburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["The 1862-1864 diary was part of the private collection of Maxine and E.R. Grymes Heneberger of Harrisonburg, Virginia. Grymes Heneberger found the diary in 1960 and had it transcribed. He self-published a small run of copies which he offered for sale and distributed to local libraries.","The 1879-1883 diary was part of the Harrison family estate of Harrisonburg, Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], [box #, folder #], Mary Jordan Diaries, 1862-1883, SC 0162, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], [box #, folder #], Mary Jordan Diaries, 1862-1883, SC 0162, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWhile the 1862-1864 diary does not include any explicit identifying information about the creator, contextual information confirms it was  written by Mary Jordan of Harrisonburg, Virginia. Both December 5 entries in the diary (1862 and 1863) record Jordan's exact birthday and year. This corresponds to the birth year recorded in the 1879-1883 diary. Additionally, the handwriting in present in both diaries matches as does the scribbling used to separate diary entries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThis collection was previously cataloged as SC 4025\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["While the 1862-1864 diary does not include any explicit identifying information about the creator, contextual information confirms it was  written by Mary Jordan of Harrisonburg, Virginia. Both December 5 entries in the diary (1862 and 1863) record Jordan's exact birthday and year. This corresponds to the birth year recorded in the 1879-1883 diary. Additionally, the handwriting in present in both diaries matches as does the scribbling used to separate diary entries.","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 4025 ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is comprised of two bound diaries kept by Mary Jordan of Harrisonburg. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe first diary dates from May 9, 1862 through August 22, 1864. Jordan's entries describe the death of Turner Ashby (\"Col. Ashby was killed this evening. Poor Ashby poor fellow\"), the Battle of New Market and other battles of note, troop and prisoner movements through Harrisonburg, death and burials of local soldiers, and Union soldiers movements. Additional entries of note include May 7, 1863: \"The Yankee's advanceing great excitement in Town and Country people moveing cattle and negroes and all the commisary stores there was never so much confusion in this place before.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNames of Charles Frank Echard (1870-1941) family members are penciled in the diary and post-date Mary Jordan's entries. Echard was married to Maude Jordan Dillard, Mary Jordan's great granddaughter.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe second diary dates from January 1, 1879 until October 1879, and also includes scattered entries through 1883. The diary entries are brief and record the weather, daily activities such as church attendance, visits from relatives and friends, travel of relatives to Baltimore, and getting loads of wood and barrels of flour. Occasional items of local news are also mentioned, such as court dates, trials, births, marriages, and deaths, including the deaths of several African Americans living in Harrisonburg in 1879 (\"Sunday January the 26th 1879 A coulered woman buried this evening\").\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOn the first page is written: \"Mary Jordan born in 17 hundred and 98 and this is 1879 I am still here.\" Family names mentioned in the diary include Sprinkel, Dillard, Bowman, Rohr, Wilton, and Dwyer, among others.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection is comprised of two bound diaries kept by Mary Jordan of Harrisonburg. ","The first diary dates from May 9, 1862 through August 22, 1864. Jordan's entries describe the death of Turner Ashby (\"Col. Ashby was killed this evening. Poor Ashby poor fellow\"), the Battle of New Market and other battles of note, troop and prisoner movements through Harrisonburg, death and burials of local soldiers, and Union soldiers movements. Additional entries of note include May 7, 1863: \"The Yankee's advanceing great excitement in Town and Country people moveing cattle and negroes and all the commisary stores there was never so much confusion in this place before.\"","Names of Charles Frank Echard (1870-1941) family members are penciled in the diary and post-date Mary Jordan's entries. Echard was married to Maude Jordan Dillard, Mary Jordan's great granddaughter.","The second diary dates from January 1, 1879 until October 1879, and also includes scattered entries through 1883. The diary entries are brief and record the weather, daily activities such as church attendance, visits from relatives and friends, travel of relatives to Baltimore, and getting loads of wood and barrels of flour. Occasional items of local news are also mentioned, such as court dates, trials, births, marriages, and deaths, including the deaths of several African Americans living in Harrisonburg in 1879 (\"Sunday January the 26th 1879 A coulered woman buried this evening\").","On the first page is written: \"Mary Jordan born in 17 hundred and 98 and this is 1879 I am still here.\" Family names mentioned in the diary include Sprinkel, Dillard, Bowman, Rohr, Wilton, and Dwyer, among others."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_02461468b396794f43176481fe9c595f\"\u003eThe collection is comprised of two bound diaries kept by Mary Jordan of Harrisonburg between 1862 and 1883, with short entries pertaining to the Civil War in the Shenandoah Valley, the weather, local births, deaths and marriages, and daily activities such as church attendance, visits from relatives and friends, and travel.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection is comprised of two bound diaries kept by Mary Jordan of Harrisonburg between 1862 and 1883, with short entries pertaining to the Civil War in the Shenandoah Valley, the weather, local births, deaths and marriages, and daily activities such as church attendance, visits from relatives and friends, and travel."],"names_coll_ssim":["Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","Ashby, Turner, 1828-1862"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","Jordan, Mary, 1798-1883","Ashby, Turner, 1828-1862"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Green Valley Auctions, Inc."],"persname_ssim":["Jordan, Mary, 1798-1883","Ashby, Turner, 1828-1862"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:24:36.195Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_305"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_284","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"New Market Weather Notebook","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_284#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Rupp family","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_284#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The New Market Weather Notebook, 1902-1920, documents temperature and other weather information for New Market, Virginia.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_284#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_284","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_284","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_284","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_284","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_284.xml","title_ssm":["New Market Weather Notebook"],"title_tesim":["New Market Weather Notebook"],"unitdate_ssm":["1902-1920"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1902-1920"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0139"],"text":["SC 0139","New Market Weather Notebook","Southern States -- Climate -- History -- Sources","New Market (Va.) -- History -- 20th century -- Sources","Temperature measurements","Climatology -- Virginia -- New Market -- Sources","Weather -- Virginia -- New Market -- Sources","Weather diaries","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The notebook is housed in one folder.","The Rupp family lived in New Market, Virginia.","Bookdealer Jim Presgraves identified this notebook as one of his purchases from an auction of Rupp family items in 1994. The Rupps were a New Market, Virginia family. \"New Market VA\" and \"Rupp\" are penciled in on the cover.","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 3067.","The New Market Weather Notebook, 1902-1920, documents temperature and other weather information for New Market, Virginia. Temperatures and other weather details are recorded at irregular intervals from 1902 to 1920.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. (library-special@jmu.edu).","The New Market Weather Notebook, 1902-1920, documents temperature and other weather information for New Market, Virginia.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Bookworm \u0026 Silverfish","Rupp family","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0139"],"normalized_title_ssm":["New Market Weather Notebook"],"collection_title_tesim":["New Market Weather Notebook"],"collection_ssim":["New Market Weather Notebook"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Southern States -- Climate -- History -- Sources","New Market (Va.) -- History -- 20th century -- Sources"],"geogname_ssim":["Southern States -- Climate -- History -- Sources","New Market (Va.) -- History -- 20th century -- Sources"],"creator_ssm":["Rupp family","Bookworm \u0026 Silverfish"],"creator_ssim":["Rupp family","Bookworm \u0026 Silverfish"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Bookworm \u0026 Silverfish"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Rupp family"],"creators_ssim":["Bookworm \u0026 Silverfish","Rupp family"],"places_ssim":["Southern States -- Climate -- History -- Sources","New Market (Va.) -- History -- 20th century -- Sources"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased from Bookworm and Silverfish Bookdealers in September 1995."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Temperature measurements","Climatology -- Virginia -- New Market -- Sources","Weather -- Virginia -- New Market -- Sources","Weather diaries"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Temperature measurements","Climatology -- Virginia -- New Market -- Sources","Weather -- Virginia -- New Market -- Sources","Weather diaries"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.08 cubic feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.08 cubic feet 1 folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Weather diaries"],"date_range_isim":[1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe notebook is housed in one folder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The notebook is housed in one folder."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Rupp family lived in New Market, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Rupp family lived in New Market, Virginia."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBookdealer Jim Presgraves identified this notebook as one of his purchases from an auction of Rupp family items in 1994. The Rupps were a New Market, Virginia family. \"New Market VA\" and \"Rupp\" are penciled in on the cover.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["Bookdealer Jim Presgraves identified this notebook as one of his purchases from an auction of Rupp family items in 1994. The Rupps were a New Market, Virginia family. \"New Market VA\" and \"Rupp\" are penciled in on the cover."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], New Market Weather Notebook, 1902-1920, SC 0139, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], New Market Weather Notebook, 1902-1920, SC 0139, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThis collection was previously cataloged as SC 3067.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 3067."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe New Market Weather Notebook, 1902-1920, documents temperature and other weather information for New Market, Virginia. Temperatures and other weather details are recorded at irregular intervals from 1902 to 1920.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The New Market Weather Notebook, 1902-1920, documents temperature and other weather information for New Market, Virginia. Temperatures and other weather details are recorded at irregular intervals from 1902 to 1920."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_2c2a18d514000b628cc800a7f74468ab\"\u003eThe New Market Weather Notebook, 1902-1920, documents temperature and other weather information for New Market, Virginia.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The New Market Weather Notebook, 1902-1920, documents temperature and other weather information for New Market, Virginia."],"names_coll_ssim":["Bookworm \u0026 Silverfish","Rupp family"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Bookworm \u0026 Silverfish","Rupp family"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Bookworm \u0026 Silverfish"],"famname_ssim":["Rupp family"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:22:06.237Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_284","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_284","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_284","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_284","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_284.xml","title_ssm":["New Market Weather Notebook"],"title_tesim":["New Market Weather Notebook"],"unitdate_ssm":["1902-1920"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1902-1920"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0139"],"text":["SC 0139","New Market Weather Notebook","Southern States -- Climate -- History -- Sources","New Market (Va.) -- History -- 20th century -- Sources","Temperature measurements","Climatology -- Virginia -- New Market -- Sources","Weather -- Virginia -- New Market -- Sources","Weather diaries","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The notebook is housed in one folder.","The Rupp family lived in New Market, Virginia.","Bookdealer Jim Presgraves identified this notebook as one of his purchases from an auction of Rupp family items in 1994. The Rupps were a New Market, Virginia family. \"New Market VA\" and \"Rupp\" are penciled in on the cover.","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 3067.","The New Market Weather Notebook, 1902-1920, documents temperature and other weather information for New Market, Virginia. Temperatures and other weather details are recorded at irregular intervals from 1902 to 1920.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. (library-special@jmu.edu).","The New Market Weather Notebook, 1902-1920, documents temperature and other weather information for New Market, Virginia.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Bookworm \u0026 Silverfish","Rupp family","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0139"],"normalized_title_ssm":["New Market Weather Notebook"],"collection_title_tesim":["New Market Weather Notebook"],"collection_ssim":["New Market Weather Notebook"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Southern States -- Climate -- History -- Sources","New Market (Va.) -- History -- 20th century -- Sources"],"geogname_ssim":["Southern States -- Climate -- History -- Sources","New Market (Va.) -- History -- 20th century -- Sources"],"creator_ssm":["Rupp family","Bookworm \u0026 Silverfish"],"creator_ssim":["Rupp family","Bookworm \u0026 Silverfish"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Bookworm \u0026 Silverfish"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Rupp family"],"creators_ssim":["Bookworm \u0026 Silverfish","Rupp family"],"places_ssim":["Southern States -- Climate -- History -- Sources","New Market (Va.) -- History -- 20th century -- Sources"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased from Bookworm and Silverfish Bookdealers in September 1995."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Temperature measurements","Climatology -- Virginia -- New Market -- Sources","Weather -- Virginia -- New Market -- Sources","Weather diaries"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Temperature measurements","Climatology -- Virginia -- New Market -- Sources","Weather -- Virginia -- New Market -- Sources","Weather diaries"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.08 cubic feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.08 cubic feet 1 folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Weather diaries"],"date_range_isim":[1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe notebook is housed in one folder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The notebook is housed in one folder."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Rupp family lived in New Market, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Rupp family lived in New Market, Virginia."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBookdealer Jim Presgraves identified this notebook as one of his purchases from an auction of Rupp family items in 1994. The Rupps were a New Market, Virginia family. \"New Market VA\" and \"Rupp\" are penciled in on the cover.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["Bookdealer Jim Presgraves identified this notebook as one of his purchases from an auction of Rupp family items in 1994. The Rupps were a New Market, Virginia family. \"New Market VA\" and \"Rupp\" are penciled in on the cover."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], New Market Weather Notebook, 1902-1920, SC 0139, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], New Market Weather Notebook, 1902-1920, SC 0139, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThis collection was previously cataloged as SC 3067.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 3067."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe New Market Weather Notebook, 1902-1920, documents temperature and other weather information for New Market, Virginia. Temperatures and other weather details are recorded at irregular intervals from 1902 to 1920.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The New Market Weather Notebook, 1902-1920, documents temperature and other weather information for New Market, Virginia. Temperatures and other weather details are recorded at irregular intervals from 1902 to 1920."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_2c2a18d514000b628cc800a7f74468ab\"\u003eThe New Market Weather Notebook, 1902-1920, documents temperature and other weather information for New Market, Virginia.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The New Market Weather Notebook, 1902-1920, documents temperature and other weather information for New Market, Virginia."],"names_coll_ssim":["Bookworm \u0026 Silverfish","Rupp family"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Bookworm \u0026 Silverfish","Rupp family"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Bookworm \u0026 Silverfish"],"famname_ssim":["Rupp family"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:22:06.237Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_284"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_773","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Pendleton County (W. Va.) meteorological record books","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_773#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Keister, Elmer Lawrence, 1883-1946","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_773#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Two bound meteorological record books documenting weather in Pendleton County, West Virginia. The record books were kept primarily by Elmer L. Keister (1883-1946) of Brandywine.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_773#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_773","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_773","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_773","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_773","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_773.xml","title_ssm":["Pendleton County (W. Va.) meteorological record books"],"title_tesim":["Pendleton County (W. Va.) meteorological record books"],"unitdate_ssm":["1916-1957"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1916-1957"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0394","/repositories/4/resources/773"],"text":["SC 0394","/repositories/4/resources/773","Pendleton County (W. Va.) meteorological record books"," Meteorology -- West Virginia -- Pendleton County -- Statistics","Meteorology -- West Virginia -- Pendleton County -- Observations","Climatology -- Research -- West Virginia -- Pendleton County","Precipitation (Meteorology) -- West Virginia -- Pendleton County -- Statistics","Atmospheric temperature -- West Virginia -- Pendleton County -- Statistics","Weather -- Statistics","Weather diaries","Diaries","Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Elmer L. Keister (1883-1946) of Brandywine, West Virginia was a farmer by trade as well as a volunteer weather observer. He married Mary Armstrong Hoover (1883-1977) in 1907. Their daughter, Martha, was born in 1908.","Elmer Keister kept meticulous weather records for Pendleton County from at least 1916 until his death in 1946. Martha continued to add narrative weather observations until 1957.","Per seller's description: \"From a Shenandoah Valley private collection.\"","Two bound meteorological record books documenting weather in Pendleton County, West Virginia. The record books were kept primarily by Elmer L. Keister (1883-1946) of Brandywine.","The volumes are both official U.S. Department of Agriculture Weather Bureau Voluntary Observer's Meteorological Record books and were kept by Keister until his death in 1946. His daughter, Martha Keister, continued the second book, but only added narrative updates to the \"Unusual Meteorological Phenomena\" section. The record books include the latitude, longitude, and elevation for the Brandywine weather station.","The record books contain monthly charts to track daily maximum and minimum temperatures, daily precipitation, and climatological data including \"miscellaneous phenomena\" (auroras, frosts, thunderstorms, tornadoes, etc.). Ice harvests are noted in this section.","At the end of each record book is a section titled \"Unusual Meteorological Phenomena\" to document, according to the section's instructions, \"periods of unusual heat, cold, protracted drought, excessive rains, floods, violent storms, etc., with dates of occurrence.\" In addition to weather events, this section was also used to document livestock and crop reports including fruit and cider, births, deaths, marriages, road work and public utilities improvements, and community and family news. Multiple entries mention renting out the Keister farm after the death of Elmer Keister.","Entries of interest are listed below:","1918 Spanish influenza arrived about the same time [September 22] and by Dec. 31 had sent a good round number to reap their reward above. 1919 Brandywine was \"hard hit\" by the \"flu\" during the month of January, several deaths. 1921 Had lots of whooping cough in this section this year. 1923 A number of moonshine stills came into existence during the year. The star performer Jack Joyce was sent to the penitentiary at the July term of court for four years. 1927 The year 1927 was to be the year without a summer. 1930 The year 1930 was the worse drought since the year one. Total rainfall for the year was 15.95 inches. 1932 The Lindbergh boy was kidnapped \u0026 murdered.","Entries of interest are listed below:","1937 West Penn built the power line, and the convicts arrived to hard surface Route 5. 1939 Prison labor finished the surface on Route 33 and moved away. 1944 John Puffenbarger's baby in the well turned out to be a rabbit after Franklin fire truck pumped the water out. 1946 October 19, 1946 - Death of Elmer Keister. 1947 Took Mama [Mary Hoover Keister] to Dr. in Harrisonburg on Jan. 2nd where she remained till Jan. 11th. 1948 Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Company extend telephone service to the Brandywine area. 1949 In June we went through the most devastating flood that ever struck this section. Sugar Grove section was hardest hit in Pendleton. Thousands of dollars of damage. Most all crops were destroyed. Fences, [dam], and road way, wire bridge all washed away. New Methodist Church at Deer Run officially opened on Thanksgiving Day, Nov. 24. Farm Women's Club established the 'South Fork Community Dump.' 1954 Entered the year with much uncertainty. Mama still is no better. No farm help worth a cuss any more. I decided to sell the farm and sold it to Walter Simpson...Crowd was estimated at 1,000 people - probably the largest to ever attend a public sale in Pendleton County. 1957 Jury Service for women was first put into practice during Nov. term of Circuit Court when the Grand Jury made history for itself when it included the first woman to serve on a jury in Pendleton County. Mrs. Charles (Eunice) Matheny of Upper Tract was one of the 15 persons making up the jury.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Two bound meteorological record books documenting weather in Pendleton County, West Virginia. The record books were kept primarily by Elmer L. Keister (1883-1946) of Brandywine.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Keister, Elmer Lawrence, 1883-1946","Keister, Martha, 1908-1990","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0394","/repositories/4/resources/773"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Pendleton County (W. Va.) meteorological record books"],"collection_title_tesim":["Pendleton County (W. Va.) meteorological record books"],"collection_ssim":["Pendleton County (W. Va.) meteorological record books"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"creator_ssm":["Keister, Elmer Lawrence, 1883-1946","Keister, Martha, 1908-1990","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"creator_ssim":["Keister, Elmer Lawrence, 1883-1946","Keister, Martha, 1908-1990","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Keister, Elmer Lawrence, 1883-1946","Keister, Martha, 1908-1990"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"creators_ssim":["Keister, Elmer Lawrence, 1883-1946","Keister, Martha, 1908-1990","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased September 7, 2024 from Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates, Inc. Summer Americana auction."],"access_subjects_ssim":[" Meteorology -- West Virginia -- Pendleton County -- Statistics","Meteorology -- West Virginia -- Pendleton County -- Observations","Climatology -- Research -- West Virginia -- Pendleton County","Precipitation (Meteorology) -- West Virginia -- Pendleton County -- Statistics","Atmospheric temperature -- West Virginia -- Pendleton County -- Statistics","Weather -- Statistics","Weather diaries","Diaries"],"access_subjects_ssm":[" Meteorology -- West Virginia -- Pendleton County -- Statistics","Meteorology -- West Virginia -- Pendleton County -- Observations","Climatology -- Research -- West Virginia -- Pendleton County","Precipitation (Meteorology) -- West Virginia -- Pendleton County -- Statistics","Atmospheric temperature -- West Virginia -- Pendleton County -- Statistics","Weather -- Statistics","Weather diaries","Diaries"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 cubic feet 2 bound volumes"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 cubic feet 2 bound volumes"],"genreform_ssim":["Weather diaries","Diaries"],"date_range_isim":[1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eElmer L. Keister (1883-1946) of Brandywine, West Virginia was a farmer by trade as well as a volunteer weather observer. He married Mary Armstrong Hoover (1883-1977) in 1907. Their daughter, Martha, was born in 1908.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eElmer Keister kept meticulous weather records for Pendleton County from at least 1916 until his death in 1946. Martha continued to add narrative weather observations until 1957.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Elmer L. Keister (1883-1946) of Brandywine, West Virginia was a farmer by trade as well as a volunteer weather observer. He married Mary Armstrong Hoover (1883-1977) in 1907. Their daughter, Martha, was born in 1908.","Elmer Keister kept meticulous weather records for Pendleton County from at least 1916 until his death in 1946. Martha continued to add narrative weather observations until 1957."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePer seller's description: \"From a Shenandoah Valley private collection.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["Per seller's description: \"From a Shenandoah Valley private collection.\""],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Pendleton County (W. Va.) Meteorological Record Books, 1916-1957, SC 0394, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Pendleton County (W. Va.) Meteorological Record Books, 1916-1957, SC 0394, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTwo bound meteorological record books documenting weather in Pendleton County, West Virginia. The record books were kept primarily by Elmer L. Keister (1883-1946) of Brandywine.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe volumes are both official U.S. Department of Agriculture Weather Bureau Voluntary Observer's Meteorological Record books and were kept by Keister until his death in 1946. His daughter, Martha Keister, continued the second book, but only added narrative updates to the \"Unusual Meteorological Phenomena\" section. The record books include the latitude, longitude, and elevation for the Brandywine weather station.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe record books contain monthly charts to track daily maximum and minimum temperatures, daily precipitation, and climatological data including \"miscellaneous phenomena\" (auroras, frosts, thunderstorms, tornadoes, etc.). Ice harvests are noted in this section.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAt the end of each record book is a section titled \"Unusual Meteorological Phenomena\" to document, according to the section's instructions, \"periods of unusual heat, cold, protracted drought, excessive rains, floods, violent storms, etc., with dates of occurrence.\" In addition to weather events, this section was also used to document livestock and crop reports including fruit and cider, births, deaths, marriages, road work and public utilities improvements, and community and family news. Multiple entries mention renting out the Keister farm after the death of Elmer Keister.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEntries of interest are listed below:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cchronlist\u003e\u003cchronitem\u003e\u003cdate\u003e1918\u003c/date\u003e\u003ceventgrp\u003e\u003cevent\u003eSpanish influenza arrived about the same time [September 22] and by Dec. 31 had sent a good round number to reap their reward above.\u003c/event\u003e\u003c/eventgrp\u003e\u003c/chronitem\u003e\u003cchronitem\u003e\u003cdate\u003e1919\u003c/date\u003e\u003ceventgrp\u003e\u003cevent\u003eBrandywine was \"hard hit\" by the \"flu\" during the month of January, several deaths.\u003c/event\u003e\u003c/eventgrp\u003e\u003c/chronitem\u003e\u003cchronitem\u003e\u003cdate\u003e1921\u003c/date\u003e\u003ceventgrp\u003e\u003cevent\u003eHad lots of whooping cough in this section this year.\u003c/event\u003e\u003c/eventgrp\u003e\u003c/chronitem\u003e\u003cchronitem\u003e\u003cdate\u003e1923\u003c/date\u003e\u003ceventgrp\u003e\u003cevent\u003eA number of moonshine stills came into existence during the year. The star performer Jack Joyce was sent to the penitentiary at the July term of court for four years.\u003c/event\u003e\u003c/eventgrp\u003e\u003c/chronitem\u003e\u003cchronitem\u003e\u003cdate\u003e1927\u003c/date\u003e\u003ceventgrp\u003e\u003cevent\u003eThe year 1927 was to be the year without a summer.\u003c/event\u003e\u003c/eventgrp\u003e\u003c/chronitem\u003e\u003cchronitem\u003e\u003cdate\u003e1930\u003c/date\u003e\u003ceventgrp\u003e\u003cevent\u003eThe year 1930 was the worse drought since the year one. Total rainfall for the year was 15.95 inches.\u003c/event\u003e\u003c/eventgrp\u003e\u003c/chronitem\u003e\u003cchronitem\u003e\u003cdate\u003e1932\u003c/date\u003e\u003ceventgrp\u003e\u003cevent\u003eThe Lindbergh boy was kidnapped \u0026amp; murdered.\u003c/event\u003e\u003c/eventgrp\u003e\u003c/chronitem\u003e\u003c/chronlist\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEntries of interest are listed below:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cchronlist\u003e\u003cchronitem\u003e\u003cdate\u003e1937\u003c/date\u003e\u003ceventgrp\u003e\u003cevent\u003eWest Penn built the power line, and the convicts arrived to hard surface Route 5.\u003c/event\u003e\u003c/eventgrp\u003e\u003c/chronitem\u003e\u003cchronitem\u003e\u003cdate\u003e1939\u003c/date\u003e\u003ceventgrp\u003e\u003cevent\u003ePrison labor finished the surface on Route 33 and moved away.\u003c/event\u003e\u003c/eventgrp\u003e\u003c/chronitem\u003e\u003cchronitem\u003e\u003cdate\u003e1944\u003c/date\u003e\u003ceventgrp\u003e\u003cevent\u003eJohn Puffenbarger's baby in the well turned out to be a rabbit after Franklin fire truck pumped the water out.\u003c/event\u003e\u003c/eventgrp\u003e\u003c/chronitem\u003e\u003cchronitem\u003e\u003cdate\u003e1946\u003c/date\u003e\u003ceventgrp\u003e\u003cevent\u003eOctober 19, 1946 - Death of Elmer Keister.\u003c/event\u003e\u003c/eventgrp\u003e\u003c/chronitem\u003e\u003cchronitem\u003e\u003cdate\u003e1947\u003c/date\u003e\u003ceventgrp\u003e\u003cevent\u003eTook Mama [Mary Hoover Keister] to Dr. in Harrisonburg on Jan. 2nd where she remained till Jan. 11th.\u003c/event\u003e\u003c/eventgrp\u003e\u003c/chronitem\u003e\u003cchronitem\u003e\u003cdate\u003e1948\u003c/date\u003e\u003ceventgrp\u003e\u003cevent\u003eChesapeake and Potomac Telephone Company extend telephone service to the Brandywine area.\u003c/event\u003e\u003c/eventgrp\u003e\u003c/chronitem\u003e\u003cchronitem\u003e\u003cdate\u003e1949\u003c/date\u003e\u003ceventgrp\u003e\u003cevent\u003eIn June we went through the most devastating flood that ever struck this section. Sugar Grove section was hardest hit in Pendleton. Thousands of dollars of damage. Most all crops were destroyed. Fences, [dam], and road way, wire bridge all washed away.\u003c/event\u003e\u003cevent\u003eNew Methodist Church at Deer Run officially opened on Thanksgiving Day, Nov. 24.\u003c/event\u003e\u003cevent\u003eFarm Women's Club established the 'South Fork Community Dump.'\u003c/event\u003e\u003c/eventgrp\u003e\u003c/chronitem\u003e\u003cchronitem\u003e\u003cdate\u003e1954\u003c/date\u003e\u003ceventgrp\u003e\u003cevent\u003eEntered the year with much uncertainty. Mama still is no better. No farm help worth a cuss any more. I decided to sell the farm and sold it to Walter Simpson...Crowd was estimated at 1,000 people - probably the largest to ever attend a public sale in Pendleton County.\u003c/event\u003e\u003c/eventgrp\u003e\u003c/chronitem\u003e\u003cchronitem\u003e\u003cdate\u003e1957\u003c/date\u003e\u003ceventgrp\u003e\u003cevent\u003eJury Service for women was first put into practice during Nov. term of Circuit Court when the Grand Jury made history for itself when it included the first woman to serve on a jury in Pendleton County. Mrs. Charles (Eunice) Matheny of Upper Tract was one of the 15 persons making up the jury.\u003c/event\u003e\u003c/eventgrp\u003e\u003c/chronitem\u003e\u003c/chronlist\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Two bound meteorological record books documenting weather in Pendleton County, West Virginia. The record books were kept primarily by Elmer L. Keister (1883-1946) of Brandywine.","The volumes are both official U.S. Department of Agriculture Weather Bureau Voluntary Observer's Meteorological Record books and were kept by Keister until his death in 1946. His daughter, Martha Keister, continued the second book, but only added narrative updates to the \"Unusual Meteorological Phenomena\" section. The record books include the latitude, longitude, and elevation for the Brandywine weather station.","The record books contain monthly charts to track daily maximum and minimum temperatures, daily precipitation, and climatological data including \"miscellaneous phenomena\" (auroras, frosts, thunderstorms, tornadoes, etc.). Ice harvests are noted in this section.","At the end of each record book is a section titled \"Unusual Meteorological Phenomena\" to document, according to the section's instructions, \"periods of unusual heat, cold, protracted drought, excessive rains, floods, violent storms, etc., with dates of occurrence.\" In addition to weather events, this section was also used to document livestock and crop reports including fruit and cider, births, deaths, marriages, road work and public utilities improvements, and community and family news. Multiple entries mention renting out the Keister farm after the death of Elmer Keister.","Entries of interest are listed below:","1918 Spanish influenza arrived about the same time [September 22] and by Dec. 31 had sent a good round number to reap their reward above. 1919 Brandywine was \"hard hit\" by the \"flu\" during the month of January, several deaths. 1921 Had lots of whooping cough in this section this year. 1923 A number of moonshine stills came into existence during the year. The star performer Jack Joyce was sent to the penitentiary at the July term of court for four years. 1927 The year 1927 was to be the year without a summer. 1930 The year 1930 was the worse drought since the year one. Total rainfall for the year was 15.95 inches. 1932 The Lindbergh boy was kidnapped \u0026 murdered.","Entries of interest are listed below:","1937 West Penn built the power line, and the convicts arrived to hard surface Route 5. 1939 Prison labor finished the surface on Route 33 and moved away. 1944 John Puffenbarger's baby in the well turned out to be a rabbit after Franklin fire truck pumped the water out. 1946 October 19, 1946 - Death of Elmer Keister. 1947 Took Mama [Mary Hoover Keister] to Dr. in Harrisonburg on Jan. 2nd where she remained till Jan. 11th. 1948 Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Company extend telephone service to the Brandywine area. 1949 In June we went through the most devastating flood that ever struck this section. Sugar Grove section was hardest hit in Pendleton. Thousands of dollars of damage. Most all crops were destroyed. Fences, [dam], and road way, wire bridge all washed away. New Methodist Church at Deer Run officially opened on Thanksgiving Day, Nov. 24. Farm Women's Club established the 'South Fork Community Dump.' 1954 Entered the year with much uncertainty. Mama still is no better. No farm help worth a cuss any more. I decided to sell the farm and sold it to Walter Simpson...Crowd was estimated at 1,000 people - probably the largest to ever attend a public sale in Pendleton County. 1957 Jury Service for women was first put into practice during Nov. term of Circuit Court when the Grand Jury made history for itself when it included the first woman to serve on a jury in Pendleton County. Mrs. Charles (Eunice) Matheny of Upper Tract was one of the 15 persons making up the jury."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_01c5c61278c19e5ce722d405994c3355\"\u003eTwo bound meteorological record books documenting weather in Pendleton County, West Virginia. The record books were kept primarily by Elmer L. Keister (1883-1946) of Brandywine.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Two bound meteorological record books documenting weather in Pendleton County, West Virginia. The record books were kept primarily by Elmer L. Keister (1883-1946) of Brandywine."],"names_coll_ssim":["Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Keister, Elmer Lawrence, 1883-1946","Keister, Martha, 1908-1990"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"persname_ssim":["Keister, Elmer Lawrence, 1883-1946","Keister, Martha, 1908-1990"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:18:57.997Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_773","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_773","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_773","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_773","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_773.xml","title_ssm":["Pendleton County (W. Va.) meteorological record books"],"title_tesim":["Pendleton County (W. Va.) meteorological record books"],"unitdate_ssm":["1916-1957"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1916-1957"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0394","/repositories/4/resources/773"],"text":["SC 0394","/repositories/4/resources/773","Pendleton County (W. Va.) meteorological record books"," Meteorology -- West Virginia -- Pendleton County -- Statistics","Meteorology -- West Virginia -- Pendleton County -- Observations","Climatology -- Research -- West Virginia -- Pendleton County","Precipitation (Meteorology) -- West Virginia -- Pendleton County -- Statistics","Atmospheric temperature -- West Virginia -- Pendleton County -- Statistics","Weather -- Statistics","Weather diaries","Diaries","Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","Elmer L. Keister (1883-1946) of Brandywine, West Virginia was a farmer by trade as well as a volunteer weather observer. He married Mary Armstrong Hoover (1883-1977) in 1907. Their daughter, Martha, was born in 1908.","Elmer Keister kept meticulous weather records for Pendleton County from at least 1916 until his death in 1946. Martha continued to add narrative weather observations until 1957.","Per seller's description: \"From a Shenandoah Valley private collection.\"","Two bound meteorological record books documenting weather in Pendleton County, West Virginia. The record books were kept primarily by Elmer L. Keister (1883-1946) of Brandywine.","The volumes are both official U.S. Department of Agriculture Weather Bureau Voluntary Observer's Meteorological Record books and were kept by Keister until his death in 1946. His daughter, Martha Keister, continued the second book, but only added narrative updates to the \"Unusual Meteorological Phenomena\" section. The record books include the latitude, longitude, and elevation for the Brandywine weather station.","The record books contain monthly charts to track daily maximum and minimum temperatures, daily precipitation, and climatological data including \"miscellaneous phenomena\" (auroras, frosts, thunderstorms, tornadoes, etc.). Ice harvests are noted in this section.","At the end of each record book is a section titled \"Unusual Meteorological Phenomena\" to document, according to the section's instructions, \"periods of unusual heat, cold, protracted drought, excessive rains, floods, violent storms, etc., with dates of occurrence.\" In addition to weather events, this section was also used to document livestock and crop reports including fruit and cider, births, deaths, marriages, road work and public utilities improvements, and community and family news. Multiple entries mention renting out the Keister farm after the death of Elmer Keister.","Entries of interest are listed below:","1918 Spanish influenza arrived about the same time [September 22] and by Dec. 31 had sent a good round number to reap their reward above. 1919 Brandywine was \"hard hit\" by the \"flu\" during the month of January, several deaths. 1921 Had lots of whooping cough in this section this year. 1923 A number of moonshine stills came into existence during the year. The star performer Jack Joyce was sent to the penitentiary at the July term of court for four years. 1927 The year 1927 was to be the year without a summer. 1930 The year 1930 was the worse drought since the year one. Total rainfall for the year was 15.95 inches. 1932 The Lindbergh boy was kidnapped \u0026 murdered.","Entries of interest are listed below:","1937 West Penn built the power line, and the convicts arrived to hard surface Route 5. 1939 Prison labor finished the surface on Route 33 and moved away. 1944 John Puffenbarger's baby in the well turned out to be a rabbit after Franklin fire truck pumped the water out. 1946 October 19, 1946 - Death of Elmer Keister. 1947 Took Mama [Mary Hoover Keister] to Dr. in Harrisonburg on Jan. 2nd where she remained till Jan. 11th. 1948 Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Company extend telephone service to the Brandywine area. 1949 In June we went through the most devastating flood that ever struck this section. Sugar Grove section was hardest hit in Pendleton. Thousands of dollars of damage. Most all crops were destroyed. Fences, [dam], and road way, wire bridge all washed away. New Methodist Church at Deer Run officially opened on Thanksgiving Day, Nov. 24. Farm Women's Club established the 'South Fork Community Dump.' 1954 Entered the year with much uncertainty. Mama still is no better. No farm help worth a cuss any more. I decided to sell the farm and sold it to Walter Simpson...Crowd was estimated at 1,000 people - probably the largest to ever attend a public sale in Pendleton County. 1957 Jury Service for women was first put into practice during Nov. term of Circuit Court when the Grand Jury made history for itself when it included the first woman to serve on a jury in Pendleton County. Mrs. Charles (Eunice) Matheny of Upper Tract was one of the 15 persons making up the jury.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Two bound meteorological record books documenting weather in Pendleton County, West Virginia. The record books were kept primarily by Elmer L. Keister (1883-1946) of Brandywine.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Keister, Elmer Lawrence, 1883-1946","Keister, Martha, 1908-1990","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0394","/repositories/4/resources/773"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Pendleton County (W. Va.) meteorological record books"],"collection_title_tesim":["Pendleton County (W. Va.) meteorological record books"],"collection_ssim":["Pendleton County (W. Va.) meteorological record books"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"creator_ssm":["Keister, Elmer Lawrence, 1883-1946","Keister, Martha, 1908-1990","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"creator_ssim":["Keister, Elmer Lawrence, 1883-1946","Keister, Martha, 1908-1990","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Keister, Elmer Lawrence, 1883-1946","Keister, Martha, 1908-1990"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"creators_ssim":["Keister, Elmer Lawrence, 1883-1946","Keister, Martha, 1908-1990","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased September 7, 2024 from Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates, Inc. Summer Americana auction."],"access_subjects_ssim":[" Meteorology -- West Virginia -- Pendleton County -- Statistics","Meteorology -- West Virginia -- Pendleton County -- Observations","Climatology -- Research -- West Virginia -- Pendleton County","Precipitation (Meteorology) -- West Virginia -- Pendleton County -- Statistics","Atmospheric temperature -- West Virginia -- Pendleton County -- Statistics","Weather -- Statistics","Weather diaries","Diaries"],"access_subjects_ssm":[" Meteorology -- West Virginia -- Pendleton County -- Statistics","Meteorology -- West Virginia -- Pendleton County -- Observations","Climatology -- Research -- West Virginia -- Pendleton County","Precipitation (Meteorology) -- West Virginia -- Pendleton County -- Statistics","Atmospheric temperature -- West Virginia -- Pendleton County -- Statistics","Weather -- Statistics","Weather diaries","Diaries"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 cubic feet 2 bound volumes"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 cubic feet 2 bound volumes"],"genreform_ssim":["Weather diaries","Diaries"],"date_range_isim":[1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eElmer L. Keister (1883-1946) of Brandywine, West Virginia was a farmer by trade as well as a volunteer weather observer. He married Mary Armstrong Hoover (1883-1977) in 1907. Their daughter, Martha, was born in 1908.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eElmer Keister kept meticulous weather records for Pendleton County from at least 1916 until his death in 1946. Martha continued to add narrative weather observations until 1957.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Elmer L. Keister (1883-1946) of Brandywine, West Virginia was a farmer by trade as well as a volunteer weather observer. He married Mary Armstrong Hoover (1883-1977) in 1907. Their daughter, Martha, was born in 1908.","Elmer Keister kept meticulous weather records for Pendleton County from at least 1916 until his death in 1946. Martha continued to add narrative weather observations until 1957."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePer seller's description: \"From a Shenandoah Valley private collection.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["Per seller's description: \"From a Shenandoah Valley private collection.\""],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Pendleton County (W. Va.) Meteorological Record Books, 1916-1957, SC 0394, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Pendleton County (W. Va.) Meteorological Record Books, 1916-1957, SC 0394, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTwo bound meteorological record books documenting weather in Pendleton County, West Virginia. The record books were kept primarily by Elmer L. Keister (1883-1946) of Brandywine.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe volumes are both official U.S. Department of Agriculture Weather Bureau Voluntary Observer's Meteorological Record books and were kept by Keister until his death in 1946. His daughter, Martha Keister, continued the second book, but only added narrative updates to the \"Unusual Meteorological Phenomena\" section. The record books include the latitude, longitude, and elevation for the Brandywine weather station.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe record books contain monthly charts to track daily maximum and minimum temperatures, daily precipitation, and climatological data including \"miscellaneous phenomena\" (auroras, frosts, thunderstorms, tornadoes, etc.). Ice harvests are noted in this section.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAt the end of each record book is a section titled \"Unusual Meteorological Phenomena\" to document, according to the section's instructions, \"periods of unusual heat, cold, protracted drought, excessive rains, floods, violent storms, etc., with dates of occurrence.\" In addition to weather events, this section was also used to document livestock and crop reports including fruit and cider, births, deaths, marriages, road work and public utilities improvements, and community and family news. Multiple entries mention renting out the Keister farm after the death of Elmer Keister.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEntries of interest are listed below:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cchronlist\u003e\u003cchronitem\u003e\u003cdate\u003e1918\u003c/date\u003e\u003ceventgrp\u003e\u003cevent\u003eSpanish influenza arrived about the same time [September 22] and by Dec. 31 had sent a good round number to reap their reward above.\u003c/event\u003e\u003c/eventgrp\u003e\u003c/chronitem\u003e\u003cchronitem\u003e\u003cdate\u003e1919\u003c/date\u003e\u003ceventgrp\u003e\u003cevent\u003eBrandywine was \"hard hit\" by the \"flu\" during the month of January, several deaths.\u003c/event\u003e\u003c/eventgrp\u003e\u003c/chronitem\u003e\u003cchronitem\u003e\u003cdate\u003e1921\u003c/date\u003e\u003ceventgrp\u003e\u003cevent\u003eHad lots of whooping cough in this section this year.\u003c/event\u003e\u003c/eventgrp\u003e\u003c/chronitem\u003e\u003cchronitem\u003e\u003cdate\u003e1923\u003c/date\u003e\u003ceventgrp\u003e\u003cevent\u003eA number of moonshine stills came into existence during the year. The star performer Jack Joyce was sent to the penitentiary at the July term of court for four years.\u003c/event\u003e\u003c/eventgrp\u003e\u003c/chronitem\u003e\u003cchronitem\u003e\u003cdate\u003e1927\u003c/date\u003e\u003ceventgrp\u003e\u003cevent\u003eThe year 1927 was to be the year without a summer.\u003c/event\u003e\u003c/eventgrp\u003e\u003c/chronitem\u003e\u003cchronitem\u003e\u003cdate\u003e1930\u003c/date\u003e\u003ceventgrp\u003e\u003cevent\u003eThe year 1930 was the worse drought since the year one. Total rainfall for the year was 15.95 inches.\u003c/event\u003e\u003c/eventgrp\u003e\u003c/chronitem\u003e\u003cchronitem\u003e\u003cdate\u003e1932\u003c/date\u003e\u003ceventgrp\u003e\u003cevent\u003eThe Lindbergh boy was kidnapped \u0026amp; murdered.\u003c/event\u003e\u003c/eventgrp\u003e\u003c/chronitem\u003e\u003c/chronlist\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEntries of interest are listed below:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cchronlist\u003e\u003cchronitem\u003e\u003cdate\u003e1937\u003c/date\u003e\u003ceventgrp\u003e\u003cevent\u003eWest Penn built the power line, and the convicts arrived to hard surface Route 5.\u003c/event\u003e\u003c/eventgrp\u003e\u003c/chronitem\u003e\u003cchronitem\u003e\u003cdate\u003e1939\u003c/date\u003e\u003ceventgrp\u003e\u003cevent\u003ePrison labor finished the surface on Route 33 and moved away.\u003c/event\u003e\u003c/eventgrp\u003e\u003c/chronitem\u003e\u003cchronitem\u003e\u003cdate\u003e1944\u003c/date\u003e\u003ceventgrp\u003e\u003cevent\u003eJohn Puffenbarger's baby in the well turned out to be a rabbit after Franklin fire truck pumped the water out.\u003c/event\u003e\u003c/eventgrp\u003e\u003c/chronitem\u003e\u003cchronitem\u003e\u003cdate\u003e1946\u003c/date\u003e\u003ceventgrp\u003e\u003cevent\u003eOctober 19, 1946 - Death of Elmer Keister.\u003c/event\u003e\u003c/eventgrp\u003e\u003c/chronitem\u003e\u003cchronitem\u003e\u003cdate\u003e1947\u003c/date\u003e\u003ceventgrp\u003e\u003cevent\u003eTook Mama [Mary Hoover Keister] to Dr. in Harrisonburg on Jan. 2nd where she remained till Jan. 11th.\u003c/event\u003e\u003c/eventgrp\u003e\u003c/chronitem\u003e\u003cchronitem\u003e\u003cdate\u003e1948\u003c/date\u003e\u003ceventgrp\u003e\u003cevent\u003eChesapeake and Potomac Telephone Company extend telephone service to the Brandywine area.\u003c/event\u003e\u003c/eventgrp\u003e\u003c/chronitem\u003e\u003cchronitem\u003e\u003cdate\u003e1949\u003c/date\u003e\u003ceventgrp\u003e\u003cevent\u003eIn June we went through the most devastating flood that ever struck this section. Sugar Grove section was hardest hit in Pendleton. Thousands of dollars of damage. Most all crops were destroyed. Fences, [dam], and road way, wire bridge all washed away.\u003c/event\u003e\u003cevent\u003eNew Methodist Church at Deer Run officially opened on Thanksgiving Day, Nov. 24.\u003c/event\u003e\u003cevent\u003eFarm Women's Club established the 'South Fork Community Dump.'\u003c/event\u003e\u003c/eventgrp\u003e\u003c/chronitem\u003e\u003cchronitem\u003e\u003cdate\u003e1954\u003c/date\u003e\u003ceventgrp\u003e\u003cevent\u003eEntered the year with much uncertainty. Mama still is no better. No farm help worth a cuss any more. I decided to sell the farm and sold it to Walter Simpson...Crowd was estimated at 1,000 people - probably the largest to ever attend a public sale in Pendleton County.\u003c/event\u003e\u003c/eventgrp\u003e\u003c/chronitem\u003e\u003cchronitem\u003e\u003cdate\u003e1957\u003c/date\u003e\u003ceventgrp\u003e\u003cevent\u003eJury Service for women was first put into practice during Nov. term of Circuit Court when the Grand Jury made history for itself when it included the first woman to serve on a jury in Pendleton County. Mrs. Charles (Eunice) Matheny of Upper Tract was one of the 15 persons making up the jury.\u003c/event\u003e\u003c/eventgrp\u003e\u003c/chronitem\u003e\u003c/chronlist\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Two bound meteorological record books documenting weather in Pendleton County, West Virginia. The record books were kept primarily by Elmer L. Keister (1883-1946) of Brandywine.","The volumes are both official U.S. Department of Agriculture Weather Bureau Voluntary Observer's Meteorological Record books and were kept by Keister until his death in 1946. His daughter, Martha Keister, continued the second book, but only added narrative updates to the \"Unusual Meteorological Phenomena\" section. The record books include the latitude, longitude, and elevation for the Brandywine weather station.","The record books contain monthly charts to track daily maximum and minimum temperatures, daily precipitation, and climatological data including \"miscellaneous phenomena\" (auroras, frosts, thunderstorms, tornadoes, etc.). Ice harvests are noted in this section.","At the end of each record book is a section titled \"Unusual Meteorological Phenomena\" to document, according to the section's instructions, \"periods of unusual heat, cold, protracted drought, excessive rains, floods, violent storms, etc., with dates of occurrence.\" In addition to weather events, this section was also used to document livestock and crop reports including fruit and cider, births, deaths, marriages, road work and public utilities improvements, and community and family news. Multiple entries mention renting out the Keister farm after the death of Elmer Keister.","Entries of interest are listed below:","1918 Spanish influenza arrived about the same time [September 22] and by Dec. 31 had sent a good round number to reap their reward above. 1919 Brandywine was \"hard hit\" by the \"flu\" during the month of January, several deaths. 1921 Had lots of whooping cough in this section this year. 1923 A number of moonshine stills came into existence during the year. The star performer Jack Joyce was sent to the penitentiary at the July term of court for four years. 1927 The year 1927 was to be the year without a summer. 1930 The year 1930 was the worse drought since the year one. Total rainfall for the year was 15.95 inches. 1932 The Lindbergh boy was kidnapped \u0026 murdered.","Entries of interest are listed below:","1937 West Penn built the power line, and the convicts arrived to hard surface Route 5. 1939 Prison labor finished the surface on Route 33 and moved away. 1944 John Puffenbarger's baby in the well turned out to be a rabbit after Franklin fire truck pumped the water out. 1946 October 19, 1946 - Death of Elmer Keister. 1947 Took Mama [Mary Hoover Keister] to Dr. in Harrisonburg on Jan. 2nd where she remained till Jan. 11th. 1948 Chesapeake and Potomac Telephone Company extend telephone service to the Brandywine area. 1949 In June we went through the most devastating flood that ever struck this section. Sugar Grove section was hardest hit in Pendleton. Thousands of dollars of damage. Most all crops were destroyed. Fences, [dam], and road way, wire bridge all washed away. New Methodist Church at Deer Run officially opened on Thanksgiving Day, Nov. 24. Farm Women's Club established the 'South Fork Community Dump.' 1954 Entered the year with much uncertainty. Mama still is no better. No farm help worth a cuss any more. I decided to sell the farm and sold it to Walter Simpson...Crowd was estimated at 1,000 people - probably the largest to ever attend a public sale in Pendleton County. 1957 Jury Service for women was first put into practice during Nov. term of Circuit Court when the Grand Jury made history for itself when it included the first woman to serve on a jury in Pendleton County. Mrs. Charles (Eunice) Matheny of Upper Tract was one of the 15 persons making up the jury."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_01c5c61278c19e5ce722d405994c3355\"\u003eTwo bound meteorological record books documenting weather in Pendleton County, West Virginia. The record books were kept primarily by Elmer L. Keister (1883-1946) of Brandywine.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Two bound meteorological record books documenting weather in Pendleton County, West Virginia. The record books were kept primarily by Elmer L. Keister (1883-1946) of Brandywine."],"names_coll_ssim":["Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Keister, Elmer Lawrence, 1883-1946","Keister, Martha, 1908-1990"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"persname_ssim":["Keister, Elmer Lawrence, 1883-1946","Keister, Martha, 1908-1990"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:18:57.997Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_773"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_764","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Steven Kite collection of Shenandoah Valley weather data","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_764#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Kite, J. Steven","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_764#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Data, statistics, and reports related to weather in the Shenandoah Valley. The materials were compiled by Steven Kite with contributions made by Raus Hanson and others.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_764#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_764","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_764","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_764","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_764","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_764.xml","title_ssm":["Steven Kite collection of Shenandoah Valley weather data"],"title_tesim":["Steven Kite collection of Shenandoah Valley weather data"],"unitdate_ssm":["1966-1980"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1966-1980"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0385","/repositories/4/resources/764"],"text":["SC 0385","/repositories/4/resources/764","Steven Kite collection of Shenandoah Valley weather data","Meteorology -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Statistics","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Climate -- Statistics","Weather diaries","Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","J. Steven Kite graduated from Madison College in 1976 with a BS in geology. He was an instructor in the school's Department of Geology during the 1979-1980 academic year. Kite joined West Virginia University's Department of Geology and Geography in 1983.","Raus Hanson, whose weather data is included in this collection, taught geography at Madison College from 1928 until 1960.","Per correspondence with the donor, Raus Hanson's weather data may have been given to Skip Watts, instructor at Madison College, by Hanson's widow, Ethel Hanson.","Data, statistics, and reports related to weather in the Shenandoah Valley. The materials were compiled by Steven Kite with contributions made by Raus Hanson and others. Of particular interest are the monthly and yearly precipitation totals from Madison College compiled by Hanson from 1941-1966. Two reports discuss weather patterns, specifically wind shifts and precipitation, in the Shenandoah Valley. A file of correspondence concern sharing Hanson's weather data with Page County High School.","Includes list \"Misleading and incorrect ideas accepted by many persons regarding geographical facts\" and multiple copies of Madison College campus monthly precipitation records (November 1941-December 1966) recorded by Raus Hanson.","Paper written by Skipp Watts and Andy Colletti.","Project completed by Jeff Bosch and Andy Colletti with Steven Kite serving as advisor.","Correspondence between Steven Kite, Mrs. Ethel Hanson, and Melvin L. Miller, Chairman of the Page County High School Science Department regarding sharing Raus Hanson's weather data and incorporating the data with that already held by PCHS.","An original copy of Raus McDill Hanson's  A Quarter of a Century of Weather Records on Madison College Campus, Harrisonburg, Virginia, (1942-1966). Harrisonburg, Va: Madison College, 1967   was separated from the collection and cataloged bibliographically.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Data, statistics, and reports related to weather in the Shenandoah Valley. The materials were compiled by Steven Kite with contributions made by Raus Hanson and others.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Kite, J. Steven","Hanson, Raus McDill, 1889-1982","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0385","/repositories/4/resources/764"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Steven Kite collection of Shenandoah Valley weather data"],"collection_title_tesim":["Steven Kite collection of Shenandoah Valley weather data"],"collection_ssim":["Steven Kite collection of Shenandoah Valley weather data"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"creator_ssm":["Kite, J. Steven","Kite, J. Steven"],"creator_ssim":["Kite, J. Steven","Kite, J. Steven"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Kite, J. Steven","Kite, J. Steven"],"creators_ssim":["Kite, J. Steven","Kite, J. Steven"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Steven Kite in July 2007."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Meteorology -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Statistics","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Climate -- Statistics","Weather diaries"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Meteorology -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Statistics","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Climate -- Statistics","Weather diaries"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.18 cubic feet 4 folders"],"extent_tesim":["0.18 cubic feet 4 folders"],"genreform_ssim":["Weather diaries"],"date_range_isim":[1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJ. Steven Kite graduated from Madison College in 1976 with a BS in geology. He was an instructor in the school's Department of Geology during the 1979-1980 academic year. Kite joined West Virginia University's Department of Geology and Geography in 1983.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRaus Hanson, whose weather data is included in this collection, taught geography at Madison College from 1928 until 1960.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["J. Steven Kite graduated from Madison College in 1976 with a BS in geology. He was an instructor in the school's Department of Geology during the 1979-1980 academic year. Kite joined West Virginia University's Department of Geology and Geography in 1983.","Raus Hanson, whose weather data is included in this collection, taught geography at Madison College from 1928 until 1960."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePer correspondence with the donor, Raus Hanson's weather data may have been given to Skip Watts, instructor at Madison College, by Hanson's widow, Ethel Hanson.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["Per correspondence with the donor, Raus Hanson's weather data may have been given to Skip Watts, instructor at Madison College, by Hanson's widow, Ethel Hanson."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Steven Kite Collection of Shenandoah Valley Weather Data, SC 0385, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Steven Kite Collection of Shenandoah Valley Weather Data, SC 0385, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eData, statistics, and reports related to weather in the Shenandoah Valley. The materials were compiled by Steven Kite with contributions made by Raus Hanson and others. Of particular interest are the monthly and yearly precipitation totals from Madison College compiled by Hanson from 1941-1966. Two reports discuss weather patterns, specifically wind shifts and precipitation, in the Shenandoah Valley. A file of correspondence concern sharing Hanson's weather data with Page County High School.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes list \"Misleading and incorrect ideas accepted by many persons regarding geographical facts\" and multiple copies of Madison College campus monthly precipitation records (November 1941-December 1966) recorded by Raus Hanson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePaper written by Skipp Watts and Andy Colletti.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProject completed by Jeff Bosch and Andy Colletti with Steven Kite serving as advisor.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence between Steven Kite, Mrs. Ethel Hanson, and Melvin L. Miller, Chairman of the Page County High School Science Department regarding sharing Raus Hanson's weather data and incorporating the data with that already held by PCHS.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Data, statistics, and reports related to weather in the Shenandoah Valley. The materials were compiled by Steven Kite with contributions made by Raus Hanson and others. Of particular interest are the monthly and yearly precipitation totals from Madison College compiled by Hanson from 1941-1966. Two reports discuss weather patterns, specifically wind shifts and precipitation, in the Shenandoah Valley. A file of correspondence concern sharing Hanson's weather data with Page County High School.","Includes list \"Misleading and incorrect ideas accepted by many persons regarding geographical facts\" and multiple copies of Madison College campus monthly precipitation records (November 1941-December 1966) recorded by Raus Hanson.","Paper written by Skipp Watts and Andy Colletti.","Project completed by Jeff Bosch and Andy Colletti with Steven Kite serving as advisor.","Correspondence between Steven Kite, Mrs. Ethel Hanson, and Melvin L. Miller, Chairman of the Page County High School Science Department regarding sharing Raus Hanson's weather data and incorporating the data with that already held by PCHS."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAn original copy of Raus McDill Hanson's \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eA Quarter of a Century of Weather Records on Madison College Campus, Harrisonburg, Virginia, (1942-1966). Harrisonburg, Va: Madison College, 1967 \u003c/emph\u003e was separated from the collection and cataloged bibliographically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["An original copy of Raus McDill Hanson's  A Quarter of a Century of Weather Records on Madison College Campus, Harrisonburg, Virginia, (1942-1966). Harrisonburg, Va: Madison College, 1967   was separated from the collection and cataloged bibliographically."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_ebc64851af04c1d04394aeb8b39fa0a9\"\u003eData, statistics, and reports related to weather in the Shenandoah Valley. The materials were compiled by Steven Kite with contributions made by Raus Hanson and others.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Data, statistics, and reports related to weather in the Shenandoah Valley. The materials were compiled by Steven Kite with contributions made by Raus Hanson and others."],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Kite, J. Steven","Hanson, Raus McDill, 1889-1982"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections"],"names_coll_ssim":["Kite, J. Steven"],"persname_ssim":["Kite, J. Steven","Hanson, Raus McDill, 1889-1982"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":4,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:18:27.342Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_764","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_764","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_764","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_764","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_764.xml","title_ssm":["Steven Kite collection of Shenandoah Valley weather data"],"title_tesim":["Steven Kite collection of Shenandoah Valley weather data"],"unitdate_ssm":["1966-1980"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1966-1980"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0385","/repositories/4/resources/764"],"text":["SC 0385","/repositories/4/resources/764","Steven Kite collection of Shenandoah Valley weather data","Meteorology -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Statistics","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Climate -- Statistics","Weather diaries","Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","J. Steven Kite graduated from Madison College in 1976 with a BS in geology. He was an instructor in the school's Department of Geology during the 1979-1980 academic year. Kite joined West Virginia University's Department of Geology and Geography in 1983.","Raus Hanson, whose weather data is included in this collection, taught geography at Madison College from 1928 until 1960.","Per correspondence with the donor, Raus Hanson's weather data may have been given to Skip Watts, instructor at Madison College, by Hanson's widow, Ethel Hanson.","Data, statistics, and reports related to weather in the Shenandoah Valley. The materials were compiled by Steven Kite with contributions made by Raus Hanson and others. Of particular interest are the monthly and yearly precipitation totals from Madison College compiled by Hanson from 1941-1966. Two reports discuss weather patterns, specifically wind shifts and precipitation, in the Shenandoah Valley. A file of correspondence concern sharing Hanson's weather data with Page County High School.","Includes list \"Misleading and incorrect ideas accepted by many persons regarding geographical facts\" and multiple copies of Madison College campus monthly precipitation records (November 1941-December 1966) recorded by Raus Hanson.","Paper written by Skipp Watts and Andy Colletti.","Project completed by Jeff Bosch and Andy Colletti with Steven Kite serving as advisor.","Correspondence between Steven Kite, Mrs. Ethel Hanson, and Melvin L. Miller, Chairman of the Page County High School Science Department regarding sharing Raus Hanson's weather data and incorporating the data with that already held by PCHS.","An original copy of Raus McDill Hanson's  A Quarter of a Century of Weather Records on Madison College Campus, Harrisonburg, Virginia, (1942-1966). Harrisonburg, Va: Madison College, 1967   was separated from the collection and cataloged bibliographically.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Data, statistics, and reports related to weather in the Shenandoah Valley. The materials were compiled by Steven Kite with contributions made by Raus Hanson and others.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Kite, J. Steven","Hanson, Raus McDill, 1889-1982","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0385","/repositories/4/resources/764"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Steven Kite collection of Shenandoah Valley weather data"],"collection_title_tesim":["Steven Kite collection of Shenandoah Valley weather data"],"collection_ssim":["Steven Kite collection of Shenandoah Valley weather data"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"creator_ssm":["Kite, J. Steven","Kite, J. Steven"],"creator_ssim":["Kite, J. Steven","Kite, J. Steven"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Kite, J. Steven","Kite, J. Steven"],"creators_ssim":["Kite, J. Steven","Kite, J. Steven"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Steven Kite in July 2007."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Meteorology -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Statistics","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Climate -- Statistics","Weather diaries"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Meteorology -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Statistics","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Climate -- Statistics","Weather diaries"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.18 cubic feet 4 folders"],"extent_tesim":["0.18 cubic feet 4 folders"],"genreform_ssim":["Weather diaries"],"date_range_isim":[1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJ. Steven Kite graduated from Madison College in 1976 with a BS in geology. He was an instructor in the school's Department of Geology during the 1979-1980 academic year. Kite joined West Virginia University's Department of Geology and Geography in 1983.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRaus Hanson, whose weather data is included in this collection, taught geography at Madison College from 1928 until 1960.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["J. Steven Kite graduated from Madison College in 1976 with a BS in geology. He was an instructor in the school's Department of Geology during the 1979-1980 academic year. Kite joined West Virginia University's Department of Geology and Geography in 1983.","Raus Hanson, whose weather data is included in this collection, taught geography at Madison College from 1928 until 1960."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePer correspondence with the donor, Raus Hanson's weather data may have been given to Skip Watts, instructor at Madison College, by Hanson's widow, Ethel Hanson.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["Per correspondence with the donor, Raus Hanson's weather data may have been given to Skip Watts, instructor at Madison College, by Hanson's widow, Ethel Hanson."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Steven Kite Collection of Shenandoah Valley Weather Data, SC 0385, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Steven Kite Collection of Shenandoah Valley Weather Data, SC 0385, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eData, statistics, and reports related to weather in the Shenandoah Valley. The materials were compiled by Steven Kite with contributions made by Raus Hanson and others. Of particular interest are the monthly and yearly precipitation totals from Madison College compiled by Hanson from 1941-1966. Two reports discuss weather patterns, specifically wind shifts and precipitation, in the Shenandoah Valley. A file of correspondence concern sharing Hanson's weather data with Page County High School.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes list \"Misleading and incorrect ideas accepted by many persons regarding geographical facts\" and multiple copies of Madison College campus monthly precipitation records (November 1941-December 1966) recorded by Raus Hanson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePaper written by Skipp Watts and Andy Colletti.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProject completed by Jeff Bosch and Andy Colletti with Steven Kite serving as advisor.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence between Steven Kite, Mrs. Ethel Hanson, and Melvin L. Miller, Chairman of the Page County High School Science Department regarding sharing Raus Hanson's weather data and incorporating the data with that already held by PCHS.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Data, statistics, and reports related to weather in the Shenandoah Valley. The materials were compiled by Steven Kite with contributions made by Raus Hanson and others. Of particular interest are the monthly and yearly precipitation totals from Madison College compiled by Hanson from 1941-1966. Two reports discuss weather patterns, specifically wind shifts and precipitation, in the Shenandoah Valley. A file of correspondence concern sharing Hanson's weather data with Page County High School.","Includes list \"Misleading and incorrect ideas accepted by many persons regarding geographical facts\" and multiple copies of Madison College campus monthly precipitation records (November 1941-December 1966) recorded by Raus Hanson.","Paper written by Skipp Watts and Andy Colletti.","Project completed by Jeff Bosch and Andy Colletti with Steven Kite serving as advisor.","Correspondence between Steven Kite, Mrs. Ethel Hanson, and Melvin L. Miller, Chairman of the Page County High School Science Department regarding sharing Raus Hanson's weather data and incorporating the data with that already held by PCHS."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAn original copy of Raus McDill Hanson's \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eA Quarter of a Century of Weather Records on Madison College Campus, Harrisonburg, Virginia, (1942-1966). Harrisonburg, Va: Madison College, 1967 \u003c/emph\u003e was separated from the collection and cataloged bibliographically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["An original copy of Raus McDill Hanson's  A Quarter of a Century of Weather Records on Madison College Campus, Harrisonburg, Virginia, (1942-1966). Harrisonburg, Va: Madison College, 1967   was separated from the collection and cataloged bibliographically."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_ebc64851af04c1d04394aeb8b39fa0a9\"\u003eData, statistics, and reports related to weather in the Shenandoah Valley. The materials were compiled by Steven Kite with contributions made by Raus Hanson and others.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Data, statistics, and reports related to weather in the Shenandoah Valley. The materials were compiled by Steven Kite with contributions made by Raus Hanson and others."],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Kite, J. Steven","Hanson, Raus McDill, 1889-1982"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections"],"names_coll_ssim":["Kite, J. Steven"],"persname_ssim":["Kite, J. Steven","Hanson, Raus McDill, 1889-1982"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":4,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:18:27.342Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_764"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_419","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Thompson Family Papers","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_419#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Thompson family","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_419#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Thompson Family Papers, 1869-1944, document the lives of Benjamin F. Thompson and his immediate family. The collection includes correspondence, diaries, a weather journal, financial and legal documents, genealogical notes, and family photographs.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_419#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_419","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_419","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_419","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_419","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_419.xml","title_ssm":["Thompson Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Thompson Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1869-1944"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1869-1944"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0246","/repositories/4/resources/419"],"text":["SC 0246","/repositories/4/resources/419","Thompson Family Papers","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 20th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Virginia -- Genealogy","Agriculture -- 19th century","Agriculture -- 20th century","Farm life -- 19th century","Farm life -- 20th century","Farmers -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- 19th century","Farmers -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- 20th century","Letters (correspondence)","Diaries","Weather diaries","Housebooks","Black-and-white photographs","Genealogies (histories)","Autograph albums","Ration books","Family papers","Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The collections is arranged in three series. The contents are then further arranged chronologically.","Correspondence, 1869-1873, 1944 Personal Papers, 1886-1902, 1943 Ephemera, 1872, 1907","Obituary for Benjamin F. Thompson,  Rockingham Daily Record , January 2, 1913.","Obituary for Mary A. Thompson,  Daily News-Record , November 26, 1997.","Benjamin F. \"Frank\" Thompson was born March 10, 1849 to Joseph and Clarissa Moubray Thompson (b. 1820). He married Martha Ellen Liskey on November 13, 1873. They lived in the Mt. Sinai community of Rockingham County for many years and together had six children. He was a farmer by trade. Thompson died January 1, 1913 after complications from a runaway accident involving a one horse wagon he was driving. According to his obituary, Thompson had for some time been residing with his son John W. Thompson. The obituary later lists his surviving children, including Benjamin H. Thompson and Ida E. Thompson \"who lived with their mother.\" This suggests that, for one reason or another, Frank Thompson was not living in the same residence as Martha Thompson, his children's mother.","Other family members documented in this collection include Elizabeth Frances Sharpes Thompson (1872-1958) who was married to John William Thompson (1874-1932), Benjamin F. Thompson's eldest son; and Mary A. Thompson (1903-1997), the daughter of John W. and Elizabeth Sharpes Thompson.","These materials descended in the Benjamin F. Thompson (1849-1913) family of Rockingham County, Virginia.","The collection was received in no particular order. As a result, the archivist imposed an arrangement based on material type and date.","Mary A. Thompson Papers, 1882-1974, SC 0152, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.","The Thompson Family Papers, 1869-1944, document the lives of Benjamin F. Thompson and his family. The collection includes correspondence between Thompson and his future-wife Martha E. Liskey Thompson, diaries, a weather journal, financial and legal documents, genealogical notes, and family photographs.","Series 1: Correspondence, 1869-1873, 1944, is comprised primarily of approximately 17 letters between Benjamin F. Thompson and Martha E. Liskey Thompson, written during their courtship. The content is generally newsy in nature and includes community and family gossip. The letters are also sentimental, conveying feelings of longing to be in the physical presence of one another. Miscellaneous letters, from persons with an unknown relationship to the Thompson family, are also included. The letters are arranged by recipient.","Series 2: Personal Papers, 1886-1902, 1943, includes miscellaneous papers of the Thompson family primarily created by Benjamin F. Thompson. Papers include a listing of household accounts, a bargain agreement between Benjamin F. Thompson and Daniel Liskey for one hog and one piece of land adjoining the Mt. Vernon school house lot, and two diaries and one weather journal written by Benjamin F. Thompson. Thompson's diaries include brief daily entries in which he mentions visiting with neighbors, travel and work duties, and weather happenings. Of particular interest is a copy of an April 10, 1888 article of agreement between the Board of Trustees of Central School District of Rockingham County and Benjamin F. Thompson, et. al.. In this agreement the Board permits Thompson, Noah, L. Spitzer, and J. P. Brown to use school house number 10 (Dillard or Mt. Vernon) for preaching, Sunday school, and singing during the summer of 1888. In return, Thompson, et. al. will complete all necessary repairs to the building by October 1, 1888 in order to make it ready for public school.","The papers also include handwritten genealogical notes on the Thompson and Liskey families. Also included is an autograph album and war ration book belonging to Elizabeth F. Sharpes Thompson, Benjamin F. Thompson's daughter-in-law.","Series 3: Ephemera, 1872, 1907, includes two Thompson family photographs and a newspaper clipping from the December 19, 1907  Harrisonburg Daily Times .","One photograph, taken by Jas. O. A. Clary's Palace of Photography in Harrisonburg, depicts Benjamin F. Thompson on November 18, 1872. The verso is inscribed with the following: \"No. 18th 1872. Age 23 y 6 m 8 d. B. F. Y.\" The identity of the person in the second photograph is likely Clarissa Moubray Thompson based on the genealogical clues provided in the inscription: \"Joseph Thompson wife. My great grand mother. Mary A. Thompson.\" This photograph was also taken by Jas. O. A. Clary.","The newspaper clipping is the full front page of the December 19, 1907 issue of the  Harrisonburg Daily Times .","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Thompson Family Papers, 1869-1944, document the lives of Benjamin F. Thompson and his immediate family. The collection includes correspondence, diaries, a weather journal, financial and legal documents, genealogical notes, and family photographs.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Thompson family","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0246","/repositories/4/resources/419"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Thompson Family Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Thompson Family Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Thompson Family Papers"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 20th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Virginia -- Genealogy"],"geogname_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 20th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Virginia -- Genealogy"],"creator_ssm":["Thompson family","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"creator_ssim":["Thompson family","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Thompson family"],"creators_ssim":["Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Thompson family"],"places_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 20th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Virginia -- Genealogy"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased at Jeffrey S. Evans' August 26, 2017 Summer Variety Auction (lot 286)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Agriculture -- 19th century","Agriculture -- 20th century","Farm life -- 19th century","Farm life -- 20th century","Farmers -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- 19th century","Farmers -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- 20th century","Letters (correspondence)","Diaries","Weather diaries","Housebooks","Black-and-white photographs","Genealogies (histories)","Autograph albums","Ration books","Family papers"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Agriculture -- 19th century","Agriculture -- 20th century","Farm life -- 19th century","Farm life -- 20th century","Farmers -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- 19th century","Farmers -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- 20th century","Letters (correspondence)","Diaries","Weather diaries","Housebooks","Black-and-white photographs","Genealogies (histories)","Autograph albums","Ration books","Family papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.2 cubic feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.2 cubic feet 1 box"],"genreform_ssim":["Letters (correspondence)","Diaries","Weather diaries","Housebooks","Black-and-white photographs","Genealogies (histories)","Autograph albums","Ration books","Family papers"],"date_range_isim":[1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collections is arranged in three series. The contents are then further arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eCorrespondence, 1869-1873, 1944\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePersonal Papers, 1886-1902, 1943\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eEphemera, 1872, 1907\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collections is arranged in three series. The contents are then further arranged chronologically.","Correspondence, 1869-1873, 1944 Personal Papers, 1886-1902, 1943 Ephemera, 1872, 1907"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eObituary for Benjamin F. Thompson, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eRockingham Daily Record\u003c/emph\u003e, January 2, 1913.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eObituary for Mary A. Thompson, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eDaily News-Record\u003c/emph\u003e, November 26, 1997.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Obituary for Benjamin F. Thompson,  Rockingham Daily Record , January 2, 1913.","Obituary for Mary A. Thompson,  Daily News-Record , November 26, 1997."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBenjamin F. \"Frank\" Thompson was born March 10, 1849 to Joseph and Clarissa Moubray Thompson (b. 1820). He married Martha Ellen Liskey on November 13, 1873. They lived in the Mt. Sinai community of Rockingham County for many years and together had six children. He was a farmer by trade. Thompson died January 1, 1913 after complications from a runaway accident involving a one horse wagon he was driving. According to his obituary, Thompson had for some time been residing with his son John W. Thompson. The obituary later lists his surviving children, including Benjamin H. Thompson and Ida E. Thompson \"who lived with their mother.\" This suggests that, for one reason or another, Frank Thompson was not living in the same residence as Martha Thompson, his children's mother.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOther family members documented in this collection include Elizabeth Frances Sharpes Thompson (1872-1958) who was married to John William Thompson (1874-1932), Benjamin F. Thompson's eldest son; and Mary A. Thompson (1903-1997), the daughter of John W. and Elizabeth Sharpes Thompson.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Benjamin F. \"Frank\" Thompson was born March 10, 1849 to Joseph and Clarissa Moubray Thompson (b. 1820). He married Martha Ellen Liskey on November 13, 1873. They lived in the Mt. Sinai community of Rockingham County for many years and together had six children. He was a farmer by trade. Thompson died January 1, 1913 after complications from a runaway accident involving a one horse wagon he was driving. According to his obituary, Thompson had for some time been residing with his son John W. Thompson. The obituary later lists his surviving children, including Benjamin H. Thompson and Ida E. Thompson \"who lived with their mother.\" This suggests that, for one reason or another, Frank Thompson was not living in the same residence as Martha Thompson, his children's mother.","Other family members documented in this collection include Elizabeth Frances Sharpes Thompson (1872-1958) who was married to John William Thompson (1874-1932), Benjamin F. Thompson's eldest son; and Mary A. Thompson (1903-1997), the daughter of John W. and Elizabeth Sharpes Thompson."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThese materials descended in the Benjamin F. Thompson (1849-1913) family of Rockingham County, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["These materials descended in the Benjamin F. Thompson (1849-1913) family of Rockingham County, Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Thompson Family Papers, 1869-1944, SC 0246, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Thompson Family Papers, 1869-1944, SC 0246, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection was received in no particular order. As a result, the archivist imposed an arrangement based on material type and date.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The collection was received in no particular order. As a result, the archivist imposed an arrangement based on material type and date."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cextref type=\"simple\" actuate=\"onRequest\" show=\"new\" href=\"http://www.lib.jmu.edu/special/manuscripts/thompson.aspx\"\u003eMary A. Thompson Papers, 1882-1974, SC 0152, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Mary A. Thompson Papers, 1882-1974, SC 0152, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Thompson Family Papers, 1869-1944, document the lives of Benjamin F. Thompson and his family. The collection includes correspondence between Thompson and his future-wife Martha E. Liskey Thompson, diaries, a weather journal, financial and legal documents, genealogical notes, and family photographs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Correspondence, 1869-1873, 1944, is comprised primarily of approximately 17 letters between Benjamin F. Thompson and Martha E. Liskey Thompson, written during their courtship. The content is generally newsy in nature and includes community and family gossip. The letters are also sentimental, conveying feelings of longing to be in the physical presence of one another. Miscellaneous letters, from persons with an unknown relationship to the Thompson family, are also included. The letters are arranged by recipient.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Personal Papers, 1886-1902, 1943, includes miscellaneous papers of the Thompson family primarily created by Benjamin F. Thompson. Papers include a listing of household accounts, a bargain agreement between Benjamin F. Thompson and Daniel Liskey for one hog and one piece of land adjoining the Mt. Vernon school house lot, and two diaries and one weather journal written by Benjamin F. Thompson. Thompson's diaries include brief daily entries in which he mentions visiting with neighbors, travel and work duties, and weather happenings. Of particular interest is a copy of an April 10, 1888 article of agreement between the Board of Trustees of Central School District of Rockingham County and Benjamin F. Thompson, et. al.. In this agreement the Board permits Thompson, Noah, L. Spitzer, and J. P. Brown to use school house number 10 (Dillard or Mt. Vernon) for preaching, Sunday school, and singing during the summer of 1888. In return, Thompson, et. al. will complete all necessary repairs to the building by October 1, 1888 in order to make it ready for public school.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe papers also include handwritten genealogical notes on the Thompson and Liskey families. Also included is an autograph album and war ration book belonging to Elizabeth F. Sharpes Thompson, Benjamin F. Thompson's daughter-in-law.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Ephemera, 1872, 1907, includes two Thompson family photographs and a newspaper clipping from the December 19, 1907 \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHarrisonburg Daily Times\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOne photograph, taken by Jas. O. A. Clary's Palace of Photography in Harrisonburg, depicts Benjamin F. Thompson on November 18, 1872. The verso is inscribed with the following: \"No. 18th 1872. Age 23 y 6 m 8 d. B. F. Y.\" The identity of the person in the second photograph is likely Clarissa Moubray Thompson based on the genealogical clues provided in the inscription: \"Joseph Thompson wife. My great grand mother. Mary A. Thompson.\" This photograph was also taken by Jas. O. A. Clary.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe newspaper clipping is the full front page of the December 19, 1907 issue of the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHarrisonburg Daily Times\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Thompson Family Papers, 1869-1944, document the lives of Benjamin F. Thompson and his family. The collection includes correspondence between Thompson and his future-wife Martha E. Liskey Thompson, diaries, a weather journal, financial and legal documents, genealogical notes, and family photographs.","Series 1: Correspondence, 1869-1873, 1944, is comprised primarily of approximately 17 letters between Benjamin F. Thompson and Martha E. Liskey Thompson, written during their courtship. The content is generally newsy in nature and includes community and family gossip. The letters are also sentimental, conveying feelings of longing to be in the physical presence of one another. Miscellaneous letters, from persons with an unknown relationship to the Thompson family, are also included. The letters are arranged by recipient.","Series 2: Personal Papers, 1886-1902, 1943, includes miscellaneous papers of the Thompson family primarily created by Benjamin F. Thompson. Papers include a listing of household accounts, a bargain agreement between Benjamin F. Thompson and Daniel Liskey for one hog and one piece of land adjoining the Mt. Vernon school house lot, and two diaries and one weather journal written by Benjamin F. Thompson. Thompson's diaries include brief daily entries in which he mentions visiting with neighbors, travel and work duties, and weather happenings. Of particular interest is a copy of an April 10, 1888 article of agreement between the Board of Trustees of Central School District of Rockingham County and Benjamin F. Thompson, et. al.. In this agreement the Board permits Thompson, Noah, L. Spitzer, and J. P. Brown to use school house number 10 (Dillard or Mt. Vernon) for preaching, Sunday school, and singing during the summer of 1888. In return, Thompson, et. al. will complete all necessary repairs to the building by October 1, 1888 in order to make it ready for public school.","The papers also include handwritten genealogical notes on the Thompson and Liskey families. Also included is an autograph album and war ration book belonging to Elizabeth F. Sharpes Thompson, Benjamin F. Thompson's daughter-in-law.","Series 3: Ephemera, 1872, 1907, includes two Thompson family photographs and a newspaper clipping from the December 19, 1907  Harrisonburg Daily Times .","One photograph, taken by Jas. O. A. Clary's Palace of Photography in Harrisonburg, depicts Benjamin F. Thompson on November 18, 1872. The verso is inscribed with the following: \"No. 18th 1872. Age 23 y 6 m 8 d. B. F. Y.\" The identity of the person in the second photograph is likely Clarissa Moubray Thompson based on the genealogical clues provided in the inscription: \"Joseph Thompson wife. My great grand mother. Mary A. Thompson.\" This photograph was also taken by Jas. O. A. Clary.","The newspaper clipping is the full front page of the December 19, 1907 issue of the  Harrisonburg Daily Times ."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_4f2b73b34176727a2dd542f2352fdc28\"\u003eThe Thompson Family Papers, 1869-1944, document the lives of Benjamin F. Thompson and his immediate family. The collection includes correspondence, diaries, a weather journal, financial and legal documents, genealogical notes, and family photographs.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Thompson Family Papers, 1869-1944, document the lives of Benjamin F. Thompson and his immediate family. The collection includes correspondence, diaries, a weather journal, financial and legal documents, genealogical notes, and family photographs."],"names_coll_ssim":["Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Thompson family"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"famname_ssim":["Thompson family"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":19,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:22:14.908Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_419","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_419","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_419","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_419","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_419.xml","title_ssm":["Thompson Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Thompson Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1869-1944"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1869-1944"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0246","/repositories/4/resources/419"],"text":["SC 0246","/repositories/4/resources/419","Thompson Family Papers","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 20th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Virginia -- Genealogy","Agriculture -- 19th century","Agriculture -- 20th century","Farm life -- 19th century","Farm life -- 20th century","Farmers -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- 19th century","Farmers -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- 20th century","Letters (correspondence)","Diaries","Weather diaries","Housebooks","Black-and-white photographs","Genealogies (histories)","Autograph albums","Ration books","Family papers","Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The collections is arranged in three series. The contents are then further arranged chronologically.","Correspondence, 1869-1873, 1944 Personal Papers, 1886-1902, 1943 Ephemera, 1872, 1907","Obituary for Benjamin F. Thompson,  Rockingham Daily Record , January 2, 1913.","Obituary for Mary A. Thompson,  Daily News-Record , November 26, 1997.","Benjamin F. \"Frank\" Thompson was born March 10, 1849 to Joseph and Clarissa Moubray Thompson (b. 1820). He married Martha Ellen Liskey on November 13, 1873. They lived in the Mt. Sinai community of Rockingham County for many years and together had six children. He was a farmer by trade. Thompson died January 1, 1913 after complications from a runaway accident involving a one horse wagon he was driving. According to his obituary, Thompson had for some time been residing with his son John W. Thompson. The obituary later lists his surviving children, including Benjamin H. Thompson and Ida E. Thompson \"who lived with their mother.\" This suggests that, for one reason or another, Frank Thompson was not living in the same residence as Martha Thompson, his children's mother.","Other family members documented in this collection include Elizabeth Frances Sharpes Thompson (1872-1958) who was married to John William Thompson (1874-1932), Benjamin F. Thompson's eldest son; and Mary A. Thompson (1903-1997), the daughter of John W. and Elizabeth Sharpes Thompson.","These materials descended in the Benjamin F. Thompson (1849-1913) family of Rockingham County, Virginia.","The collection was received in no particular order. As a result, the archivist imposed an arrangement based on material type and date.","Mary A. Thompson Papers, 1882-1974, SC 0152, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.","The Thompson Family Papers, 1869-1944, document the lives of Benjamin F. Thompson and his family. The collection includes correspondence between Thompson and his future-wife Martha E. Liskey Thompson, diaries, a weather journal, financial and legal documents, genealogical notes, and family photographs.","Series 1: Correspondence, 1869-1873, 1944, is comprised primarily of approximately 17 letters between Benjamin F. Thompson and Martha E. Liskey Thompson, written during their courtship. The content is generally newsy in nature and includes community and family gossip. The letters are also sentimental, conveying feelings of longing to be in the physical presence of one another. Miscellaneous letters, from persons with an unknown relationship to the Thompson family, are also included. The letters are arranged by recipient.","Series 2: Personal Papers, 1886-1902, 1943, includes miscellaneous papers of the Thompson family primarily created by Benjamin F. Thompson. Papers include a listing of household accounts, a bargain agreement between Benjamin F. Thompson and Daniel Liskey for one hog and one piece of land adjoining the Mt. Vernon school house lot, and two diaries and one weather journal written by Benjamin F. Thompson. Thompson's diaries include brief daily entries in which he mentions visiting with neighbors, travel and work duties, and weather happenings. Of particular interest is a copy of an April 10, 1888 article of agreement between the Board of Trustees of Central School District of Rockingham County and Benjamin F. Thompson, et. al.. In this agreement the Board permits Thompson, Noah, L. Spitzer, and J. P. Brown to use school house number 10 (Dillard or Mt. Vernon) for preaching, Sunday school, and singing during the summer of 1888. In return, Thompson, et. al. will complete all necessary repairs to the building by October 1, 1888 in order to make it ready for public school.","The papers also include handwritten genealogical notes on the Thompson and Liskey families. Also included is an autograph album and war ration book belonging to Elizabeth F. Sharpes Thompson, Benjamin F. Thompson's daughter-in-law.","Series 3: Ephemera, 1872, 1907, includes two Thompson family photographs and a newspaper clipping from the December 19, 1907  Harrisonburg Daily Times .","One photograph, taken by Jas. O. A. Clary's Palace of Photography in Harrisonburg, depicts Benjamin F. Thompson on November 18, 1872. The verso is inscribed with the following: \"No. 18th 1872. Age 23 y 6 m 8 d. B. F. Y.\" The identity of the person in the second photograph is likely Clarissa Moubray Thompson based on the genealogical clues provided in the inscription: \"Joseph Thompson wife. My great grand mother. Mary A. Thompson.\" This photograph was also taken by Jas. O. A. Clary.","The newspaper clipping is the full front page of the December 19, 1907 issue of the  Harrisonburg Daily Times .","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Thompson Family Papers, 1869-1944, document the lives of Benjamin F. Thompson and his immediate family. The collection includes correspondence, diaries, a weather journal, financial and legal documents, genealogical notes, and family photographs.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Thompson family","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0246","/repositories/4/resources/419"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Thompson Family Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Thompson Family Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Thompson Family Papers"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 20th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Virginia -- Genealogy"],"geogname_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 20th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Virginia -- Genealogy"],"creator_ssm":["Thompson family","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"creator_ssim":["Thompson family","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Thompson family"],"creators_ssim":["Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Thompson family"],"places_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 20th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Virginia -- Genealogy"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased at Jeffrey S. Evans' August 26, 2017 Summer Variety Auction (lot 286)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Agriculture -- 19th century","Agriculture -- 20th century","Farm life -- 19th century","Farm life -- 20th century","Farmers -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- 19th century","Farmers -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- 20th century","Letters (correspondence)","Diaries","Weather diaries","Housebooks","Black-and-white photographs","Genealogies (histories)","Autograph albums","Ration books","Family papers"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Agriculture -- 19th century","Agriculture -- 20th century","Farm life -- 19th century","Farm life -- 20th century","Farmers -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- 19th century","Farmers -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- 20th century","Letters (correspondence)","Diaries","Weather diaries","Housebooks","Black-and-white photographs","Genealogies (histories)","Autograph albums","Ration books","Family papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.2 cubic feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.2 cubic feet 1 box"],"genreform_ssim":["Letters (correspondence)","Diaries","Weather diaries","Housebooks","Black-and-white photographs","Genealogies (histories)","Autograph albums","Ration books","Family papers"],"date_range_isim":[1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collections is arranged in three series. The contents are then further arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eCorrespondence, 1869-1873, 1944\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePersonal Papers, 1886-1902, 1943\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eEphemera, 1872, 1907\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collections is arranged in three series. The contents are then further arranged chronologically.","Correspondence, 1869-1873, 1944 Personal Papers, 1886-1902, 1943 Ephemera, 1872, 1907"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eObituary for Benjamin F. Thompson, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eRockingham Daily Record\u003c/emph\u003e, January 2, 1913.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eObituary for Mary A. Thompson, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eDaily News-Record\u003c/emph\u003e, November 26, 1997.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Obituary for Benjamin F. Thompson,  Rockingham Daily Record , January 2, 1913.","Obituary for Mary A. Thompson,  Daily News-Record , November 26, 1997."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBenjamin F. \"Frank\" Thompson was born March 10, 1849 to Joseph and Clarissa Moubray Thompson (b. 1820). He married Martha Ellen Liskey on November 13, 1873. They lived in the Mt. Sinai community of Rockingham County for many years and together had six children. He was a farmer by trade. Thompson died January 1, 1913 after complications from a runaway accident involving a one horse wagon he was driving. According to his obituary, Thompson had for some time been residing with his son John W. Thompson. The obituary later lists his surviving children, including Benjamin H. Thompson and Ida E. Thompson \"who lived with their mother.\" This suggests that, for one reason or another, Frank Thompson was not living in the same residence as Martha Thompson, his children's mother.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOther family members documented in this collection include Elizabeth Frances Sharpes Thompson (1872-1958) who was married to John William Thompson (1874-1932), Benjamin F. Thompson's eldest son; and Mary A. Thompson (1903-1997), the daughter of John W. and Elizabeth Sharpes Thompson.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Benjamin F. \"Frank\" Thompson was born March 10, 1849 to Joseph and Clarissa Moubray Thompson (b. 1820). He married Martha Ellen Liskey on November 13, 1873. They lived in the Mt. Sinai community of Rockingham County for many years and together had six children. He was a farmer by trade. Thompson died January 1, 1913 after complications from a runaway accident involving a one horse wagon he was driving. According to his obituary, Thompson had for some time been residing with his son John W. Thompson. The obituary later lists his surviving children, including Benjamin H. Thompson and Ida E. Thompson \"who lived with their mother.\" This suggests that, for one reason or another, Frank Thompson was not living in the same residence as Martha Thompson, his children's mother.","Other family members documented in this collection include Elizabeth Frances Sharpes Thompson (1872-1958) who was married to John William Thompson (1874-1932), Benjamin F. Thompson's eldest son; and Mary A. Thompson (1903-1997), the daughter of John W. and Elizabeth Sharpes Thompson."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThese materials descended in the Benjamin F. Thompson (1849-1913) family of Rockingham County, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["These materials descended in the Benjamin F. Thompson (1849-1913) family of Rockingham County, Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Thompson Family Papers, 1869-1944, SC 0246, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Thompson Family Papers, 1869-1944, SC 0246, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection was received in no particular order. As a result, the archivist imposed an arrangement based on material type and date.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The collection was received in no particular order. As a result, the archivist imposed an arrangement based on material type and date."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cextref type=\"simple\" actuate=\"onRequest\" show=\"new\" href=\"http://www.lib.jmu.edu/special/manuscripts/thompson.aspx\"\u003eMary A. Thompson Papers, 1882-1974, SC 0152, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Mary A. Thompson Papers, 1882-1974, SC 0152, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Thompson Family Papers, 1869-1944, document the lives of Benjamin F. Thompson and his family. The collection includes correspondence between Thompson and his future-wife Martha E. Liskey Thompson, diaries, a weather journal, financial and legal documents, genealogical notes, and family photographs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Correspondence, 1869-1873, 1944, is comprised primarily of approximately 17 letters between Benjamin F. Thompson and Martha E. Liskey Thompson, written during their courtship. The content is generally newsy in nature and includes community and family gossip. The letters are also sentimental, conveying feelings of longing to be in the physical presence of one another. Miscellaneous letters, from persons with an unknown relationship to the Thompson family, are also included. The letters are arranged by recipient.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Personal Papers, 1886-1902, 1943, includes miscellaneous papers of the Thompson family primarily created by Benjamin F. Thompson. Papers include a listing of household accounts, a bargain agreement between Benjamin F. Thompson and Daniel Liskey for one hog and one piece of land adjoining the Mt. Vernon school house lot, and two diaries and one weather journal written by Benjamin F. Thompson. Thompson's diaries include brief daily entries in which he mentions visiting with neighbors, travel and work duties, and weather happenings. Of particular interest is a copy of an April 10, 1888 article of agreement between the Board of Trustees of Central School District of Rockingham County and Benjamin F. Thompson, et. al.. In this agreement the Board permits Thompson, Noah, L. Spitzer, and J. P. Brown to use school house number 10 (Dillard or Mt. Vernon) for preaching, Sunday school, and singing during the summer of 1888. In return, Thompson, et. al. will complete all necessary repairs to the building by October 1, 1888 in order to make it ready for public school.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe papers also include handwritten genealogical notes on the Thompson and Liskey families. Also included is an autograph album and war ration book belonging to Elizabeth F. Sharpes Thompson, Benjamin F. Thompson's daughter-in-law.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Ephemera, 1872, 1907, includes two Thompson family photographs and a newspaper clipping from the December 19, 1907 \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHarrisonburg Daily Times\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOne photograph, taken by Jas. O. A. Clary's Palace of Photography in Harrisonburg, depicts Benjamin F. Thompson on November 18, 1872. The verso is inscribed with the following: \"No. 18th 1872. Age 23 y 6 m 8 d. B. F. Y.\" The identity of the person in the second photograph is likely Clarissa Moubray Thompson based on the genealogical clues provided in the inscription: \"Joseph Thompson wife. My great grand mother. Mary A. Thompson.\" This photograph was also taken by Jas. O. A. Clary.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe newspaper clipping is the full front page of the December 19, 1907 issue of the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHarrisonburg Daily Times\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Thompson Family Papers, 1869-1944, document the lives of Benjamin F. Thompson and his family. The collection includes correspondence between Thompson and his future-wife Martha E. Liskey Thompson, diaries, a weather journal, financial and legal documents, genealogical notes, and family photographs.","Series 1: Correspondence, 1869-1873, 1944, is comprised primarily of approximately 17 letters between Benjamin F. Thompson and Martha E. Liskey Thompson, written during their courtship. The content is generally newsy in nature and includes community and family gossip. The letters are also sentimental, conveying feelings of longing to be in the physical presence of one another. Miscellaneous letters, from persons with an unknown relationship to the Thompson family, are also included. The letters are arranged by recipient.","Series 2: Personal Papers, 1886-1902, 1943, includes miscellaneous papers of the Thompson family primarily created by Benjamin F. Thompson. Papers include a listing of household accounts, a bargain agreement between Benjamin F. Thompson and Daniel Liskey for one hog and one piece of land adjoining the Mt. Vernon school house lot, and two diaries and one weather journal written by Benjamin F. Thompson. Thompson's diaries include brief daily entries in which he mentions visiting with neighbors, travel and work duties, and weather happenings. Of particular interest is a copy of an April 10, 1888 article of agreement between the Board of Trustees of Central School District of Rockingham County and Benjamin F. Thompson, et. al.. In this agreement the Board permits Thompson, Noah, L. Spitzer, and J. P. Brown to use school house number 10 (Dillard or Mt. Vernon) for preaching, Sunday school, and singing during the summer of 1888. In return, Thompson, et. al. will complete all necessary repairs to the building by October 1, 1888 in order to make it ready for public school.","The papers also include handwritten genealogical notes on the Thompson and Liskey families. Also included is an autograph album and war ration book belonging to Elizabeth F. Sharpes Thompson, Benjamin F. Thompson's daughter-in-law.","Series 3: Ephemera, 1872, 1907, includes two Thompson family photographs and a newspaper clipping from the December 19, 1907  Harrisonburg Daily Times .","One photograph, taken by Jas. O. A. Clary's Palace of Photography in Harrisonburg, depicts Benjamin F. Thompson on November 18, 1872. The verso is inscribed with the following: \"No. 18th 1872. Age 23 y 6 m 8 d. B. F. Y.\" The identity of the person in the second photograph is likely Clarissa Moubray Thompson based on the genealogical clues provided in the inscription: \"Joseph Thompson wife. My great grand mother. Mary A. Thompson.\" This photograph was also taken by Jas. O. A. Clary.","The newspaper clipping is the full front page of the December 19, 1907 issue of the  Harrisonburg Daily Times ."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_4f2b73b34176727a2dd542f2352fdc28\"\u003eThe Thompson Family Papers, 1869-1944, document the lives of Benjamin F. Thompson and his immediate family. The collection includes correspondence, diaries, a weather journal, financial and legal documents, genealogical notes, and family photographs.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Thompson Family Papers, 1869-1944, document the lives of Benjamin F. Thompson and his immediate family. The collection includes correspondence, diaries, a weather journal, financial and legal documents, genealogical notes, and family photographs."],"names_coll_ssim":["Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","Thompson family"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"famname_ssim":["Thompson family"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":19,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:22:14.908Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_419"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"James Madison University","value":"James Madison University","hits":10},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Acker Family Diaries","value":"Acker Family Diaries","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Acker+Family+Diaries"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Central Virginia Farmer's Diary","value":"Central Virginia Farmer's Diary","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Central+Virginia+Farmer%27s+Diary"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Ezra M. Minnick Sr. diary","value":"Ezra M. Minnick Sr. diary","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Ezra+M.+Minnick+Sr.+diary"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Henry Smals Diaries","value":"Henry Smals Diaries","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Henry+Smals+Diaries"}},{"attributes":{"label":"John A. Frenger Diary and Account Book","value":"John A. Frenger Diary and Account Book","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=John+A.+Frenger+Diary+and+Account+Book"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Mary Jordan Diaries","value":"Mary Jordan Diaries","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Mary+Jordan+Diaries"}},{"attributes":{"label":"New Market Weather Notebook","value":"New Market Weather Notebook","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=New+Market+Weather+Notebook"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Pendleton County (W. Va.) meteorological record books","value":"Pendleton County (W. Va.) meteorological record books","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Pendleton+County+%28W.+Va.%29+meteorological+record+books"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Steven Kite collection of Shenandoah Valley weather data","value":"Steven Kite collection of Shenandoah Valley weather data","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Steven+Kite+collection+of+Shenandoah+Valley+weather+data"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Thompson Family Papers","value":"Thompson Family Papers","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Thompson+Family+Papers"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/collection_ssim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries"}},{"type":"facet","id":"date_range_isim","attributes":{"label":"Date range","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"1862","value":"1862","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1862"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1863","value":"1863","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1863"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1864","value":"1864","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1864"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1865","value":"1865","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1865"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1866","value":"1866","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1866"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1867","value":"1867","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1867"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1868","value":"1868","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1868"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1869","value":"1869","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1869"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1870","value":"1870","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1870"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1871","value":"1871","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1871"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1872","value":"1872","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1872"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/date_range_isim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries"}},{"type":"facet","id":"creator_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Creator","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Acker, David C., 1869-1959","value":"Acker, David C., 1869-1959","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Acker%2C+David+C.%2C+1869-1959"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Acker, Isaac, 1832-1908","value":"Acker, Isaac, 1832-1908","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Acker%2C+Isaac%2C+1832-1908"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Bookworm \u0026 Silverfish","value":"Bookworm \u0026 Silverfish","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Bookworm+%26+Silverfish"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Frenger, John Alonzo, 1847-1922","value":"Frenger, John Alonzo, 1847-1922","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Frenger%2C+John+Alonzo%2C+1847-1922"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","value":"Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Green+Valley+Auctions%2C+Inc."}},{"attributes":{"label":"Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society","value":"Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Harrisonburg-Rockingham+Historical+Society"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","value":"Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","hits":4},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Jeffrey+S.+Evans+%26+Associates"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Jordan, Mary, 1798-1883","value":"Jordan, Mary, 1798-1883","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Jordan%2C+Mary%2C+1798-1883"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Keister, Elmer Lawrence, 1883-1946","value":"Keister, Elmer Lawrence, 1883-1946","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Keister%2C+Elmer+Lawrence%2C+1883-1946"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Keister, Martha, 1908-1990","value":"Keister, Martha, 1908-1990","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Keister%2C+Martha%2C+1908-1990"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Kite, J. Steven","value":"Kite, J. Steven","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Kite%2C+J.+Steven"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/creator_ssim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries"}},{"type":"facet","id":"names_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Names","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Acker family -- Diaries","value":"Acker family -- Diaries","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Acker+family+--+Diaries"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Acker, David C., 1869-1959","value":"Acker, David C., 1869-1959","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Acker%2C+David+C.%2C+1869-1959"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Acker, Isaac, 1832-1908","value":"Acker, Isaac, 1832-1908","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Acker%2C+Isaac%2C+1832-1908"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Ashby, Turner, 1828-1862","value":"Ashby, Turner, 1828-1862","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Ashby%2C+Turner%2C+1828-1862"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Bookworm \u0026 Silverfish","value":"Bookworm \u0026 Silverfish","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Bookworm+%26+Silverfish"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Frenger, John Alonzo, 1847-1922","value":"Frenger, John Alonzo, 1847-1922","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Frenger%2C+John+Alonzo%2C+1847-1922"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","value":"Green Valley Auctions, Inc.","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Green+Valley+Auctions%2C+Inc."}},{"attributes":{"label":"Hanson, Raus McDill, 1889-1982","value":"Hanson, Raus McDill, 1889-1982","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Hanson%2C+Raus+McDill%2C+1889-1982"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society","value":"Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Harrisonburg-Rockingham+Historical+Society"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Hotchkiss, Jedediah, 1828-1899","value":"Hotchkiss, Jedediah, 1828-1899","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Hotchkiss%2C+Jedediah%2C+1828-1899"}},{"attributes":{"label":"James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","value":"James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","hits":10},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University+Libraries+Special+Collections"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/names_ssim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries"}},{"type":"facet","id":"geogname_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Places","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","value":"Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Augusta+County+%28Va.%29+--+History+--+19th+century"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","value":"Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Augusta+County+%28Va.%29+--+Social+life+and+customs"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Bridgewater (Va.) -- Economic customs -- 19th century","value":"Bridgewater (Va.) -- Economic customs -- 19th century","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Bridgewater+%28Va.%29+--+Economic+customs+--+19th+century"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Bridgewater (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","value":"Bridgewater (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Bridgewater+%28Va.%29+--+History+--+19th+century"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Bridgewater (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","value":"Bridgewater (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Bridgewater+%28Va.%29+--+Social+life+and+customs+--+19th+century"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Confederate States of America -- History, Military","value":"Confederate States of America -- History, Military","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Confederate+States+of+America+--+History%2C+Military"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","value":"Harrisonburg (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Harrisonburg+%28Va.%29+--+History+--+19th+century"}},{"attributes":{"label":"New Market (Va.) -- History -- 20th century -- Sources","value":"New Market (Va.) -- History -- 20th century -- Sources","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=New+Market+%28Va.%29+--+History+--+20th+century+--+Sources"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","value":"Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Rockingham+County+%28Va.%29+--+Genealogy"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","value":"Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Rockingham+County+%28Va.%29+--+History"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","value":"Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Rockingham+County+%28Va.%29+--+History+--+19th+century"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/geogname_ssim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries"}},{"type":"facet","id":"access_subjects_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Subjects","items":[{"attributes":{"label":" Meteorology -- West Virginia -- Pendleton County -- Statistics","value":" Meteorology -- West Virginia -- Pendleton County -- Statistics","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=+Meteorology+--+West+Virginia+--+Pendleton+County+--+Statistics"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Account books","value":"Account books","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Account+books"}},{"attributes":{"label":"African Americans -- Virginia -- History -- 19th century","value":"African Americans -- Virginia -- History -- 19th century","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=African+Americans+--+Virginia+--+History+--+19th+century"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Agriculture -- 19th century","value":"Agriculture -- 19th century","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Agriculture+--+19th+century"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Agriculture -- 20th century","value":"Agriculture -- 20th century","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Agriculture+--+20th+century"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Agriculture -- Economic aspects","value":"Agriculture -- Economic aspects","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Agriculture+--+Economic+aspects"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Agriculture -- Virginia -- Augusta County -- 19th century","value":"Agriculture -- Virginia -- Augusta County -- 19th century","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Agriculture+--+Virginia+--+Augusta+County+--+19th+century"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Agriculture -- Virginia -- History","value":"Agriculture -- Virginia -- History","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Agriculture+--+Virginia+--+History"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Agriculture -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- History","value":"Agriculture -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- History","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Agriculture+--+Virginia+--+Rockingham+County+--+History"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Atmospheric temperature -- West Virginia -- Pendleton County -- Statistics","value":"Atmospheric temperature -- West Virginia -- Pendleton County -- Statistics","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Atmospheric+temperature+--+West+Virginia+--+Pendleton+County+--+Statistics"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Autograph albums","value":"Autograph albums","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Autograph+albums"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/access_subjects_ssim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries"}},{"type":"facet","id":"level_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Level","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Collection","value":"Collection","hits":10},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/level_ssim.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"all_fields","attributes":{"label":"All Fields"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"keyword","attributes":{"label":"Keyword"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026search_field=keyword"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"name","attributes":{"label":"Name"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026search_field=name"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"place","attributes":{"label":"Place"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026search_field=place"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"subject","attributes":{"label":"Subject"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026search_field=subject"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"title","attributes":{"label":"Title"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026search_field=title"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"container","attributes":{"label":"Container"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026search_field=container"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"identifier","attributes":{"label":"Identifier"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026search_field=identifier"}},{"type":"sort","id":"score desc, title_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"relevance"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026sort=score+desc%2C+title_sort+asc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"date_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"date (ascending)"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026sort=date_sort+asc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"date_sort desc","attributes":{"label":"date (descending)"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026sort=date_sort+desc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"creator_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"creator (A-Z)"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026sort=creator_sort+asc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"creator_sort desc","attributes":{"label":"creator (Z-A)"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026sort=creator_sort+desc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"title_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"title (A-Z)"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026sort=title_sort+asc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"title_sort desc","attributes":{"label":"title (Z-A)"},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Weather+diaries\u0026sort=title_sort+desc"}}]}