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Williamson papers"],"title_tesim":["Thomas H. Williamson papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1788-1888"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1788-1888"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1788/1888"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Thomas H. Williamson papers, 1788/1888"],"text":["Thomas H. Williamson papers, 1788/1888","MS.0105","/repositories/3/resources/626","Virginia Military Institute—Curricula","Virginia Military Institute—Faculty—Publications","Architecture","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","Virginia Military Institute—Faculty—Biography","Virginia Military Institute—Academics—History—19th century","Textbooks","Correspondence","Memoirs","There are no restrictions.","Thomas Hoomes Williamson was born on August 30, 1813 in Richmond, Virginia to Thomas and Anne Walke Williamson. He spent most of his childhood in Norfolk, Virginia, where he received his early schooling. 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In April 1861 he served with the Confederate Engineers Corps and worked on the defenses of the Rappahannock River and Manassas, Virginia. In October of that year he was ordered to return to VMI to teach civil and military engineering, but he was recalled to the Confederate Army in April 1862 for temporary special duty on the staff of General Stonewall Jackson.","In 1864 Williamson married for the second time to Julia Wharton (Lewis) and the couple had two children: Sydney Bacon and Cornelia.","Williamson continued his teaching career at VMI until shortly before his death on March 31, 1888.","The Thomas H. 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Williamson papers, 1788/1888","MS.0105","/repositories/3/resources/626","Virginia Military Institute—Curricula","Virginia Military Institute—Faculty—Publications","Architecture","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","Virginia Military Institute—Faculty—Biography","Virginia Military Institute—Academics—History—19th century","Textbooks","Correspondence","Memoirs","There are no restrictions.","Thomas Hoomes Williamson was born on August 30, 1813 in Richmond, Virginia to Thomas and Anne Walke Williamson. He spent most of his childhood in Norfolk, Virginia, where he received his early schooling. He entered the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York in 1829, but resigned in 1833 before receiving his degree.","In 1834 Williamson entered the profession of civil engineering and was the assistant to the United States Engineer in charge of building the dry dock at the Norfolk Navy Yard.","Williamson married Louisa Henrietta Fenton Garnett on May 11, 1837 and the couple had five children: Mercer, William, Anne, Thomas, and Olympia.","In 1841 Williamson accepted a faculty appointment at VMI where spent the remainder of his career except for a brief absences during the Civil War. He taught tactics, drawing, and engineering, and at various times was assigned additional duties (e.g., Commandant of Cadets, Treasurer, and Librarian). While at VMI he wrote a textbook titled \"An Elementary Course of Architecture and Civil Engineering.\"","Williamson took on various special assignments during the Civil War. In April 1861 he served with the Confederate Engineers Corps and worked on the defenses of the Rappahannock River and Manassas, Virginia. In October of that year he was ordered to return to VMI to teach civil and military engineering, but he was recalled to the Confederate Army in April 1862 for temporary special duty on the staff of General Stonewall Jackson.","In 1864 Williamson married for the second time to Julia Wharton (Lewis) and the couple had two children: Sydney Bacon and Cornelia.","Williamson continued his teaching career at VMI until shortly before his death on March 31, 1888.","The Thomas H. Williamson papers include:\n\nCivil War memoirs, in which Williamson discusses the events that took place during his temporary assignment to the command of Major General Stonewall Jackson beginning in April 1862\nLecture notes (1850s) used in teaching engineering and architecture courses at VMI\nTwo copies of the textbook written by Williamson for use at VMI titled \"An Elementary Course of Architecture and Civil Engineering\"\nWilliamson family genealogical material\nCorrespondence","The memoirs, titled \"My Service with Genl Thos. J. Jackson\" regard Thomas H. Williamson's assignment to General Stonewall Jackson's command in the Spring of 1862.","Note on the text by William Couper, VMI's \"official historiographer\" from 1934-1954: \"This memorandum is written in the handwriting of General Thomas H. Williamson and is reproduced with the spelling, etc., unchanged. There is no date on the memorandum, but it was probably written after 1883 when\nColonel Shipp began to spell his name Shipp (originally spelled Ship). It also must have been written after Jones wrote his Reminiscences, published in 1876.\"","Materials used by Thomas H. Williamson while teaching his architecture, drawing, and other classes at VMI.","\"Babylon - Edfou, Parthenon-Colosseum\"","\"Church of Our Savior, Saxon Church, Smithsonian\n                  Institute, Pisa Cathedral, Mosque at Cordova, Mosque\n                  at Constantinople\"","\"Illustrations, 1st-3rd Period of the Gothic\"","\"Illustrations, English Parish Churches\"","Containts notes and an oversized chart.","Includes one letter (dated February 1788) from William Watts to his brother, Captain John Watts. The exact relationship to Thomas H. 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He spent most of his childhood in Norfolk, Virginia, where he received his early schooling. He entered the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York in 1829, but resigned in 1833 before receiving his degree.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1834 Williamson entered the profession of civil engineering and was the assistant to the United States Engineer in charge of building the dry dock at the Norfolk Navy Yard. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliamson married Louisa Henrietta Fenton Garnett on May 11, 1837 and the couple had five children: Mercer, William, Anne, Thomas, and Olympia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1841 Williamson accepted a faculty appointment at VMI where spent the remainder of his career except for a brief absences during the Civil War. He taught tactics, drawing, and engineering, and at various times was assigned additional duties (e.g., Commandant of Cadets, Treasurer, and Librarian). While at VMI he wrote a textbook titled \"An Elementary Course of Architecture and Civil Engineering.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliamson took on various special assignments during the Civil War. In April 1861 he served with the Confederate Engineers Corps and worked on the defenses of the Rappahannock River and Manassas, Virginia. In October of that year he was ordered to return to VMI to teach civil and military engineering, but he was recalled to the Confederate Army in April 1862 for temporary special duty on the staff of General Stonewall Jackson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1864 Williamson married for the second time to Julia Wharton (Lewis) and the couple had two children: Sydney Bacon and Cornelia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliamson continued his teaching career at VMI until shortly before his death on March 31, 1888.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Thomas Hoomes Williamson was born on August 30, 1813 in Richmond, Virginia to Thomas and Anne Walke Williamson. He spent most of his childhood in Norfolk, Virginia, where he received his early schooling. He entered the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York in 1829, but resigned in 1833 before receiving his degree.","In 1834 Williamson entered the profession of civil engineering and was the assistant to the United States Engineer in charge of building the dry dock at the Norfolk Navy Yard.","Williamson married Louisa Henrietta Fenton Garnett on May 11, 1837 and the couple had five children: Mercer, William, Anne, Thomas, and Olympia.","In 1841 Williamson accepted a faculty appointment at VMI where spent the remainder of his career except for a brief absences during the Civil War. He taught tactics, drawing, and engineering, and at various times was assigned additional duties (e.g., Commandant of Cadets, Treasurer, and Librarian). While at VMI he wrote a textbook titled \"An Elementary Course of Architecture and Civil Engineering.\"","Williamson took on various special assignments during the Civil War. In April 1861 he served with the Confederate Engineers Corps and worked on the defenses of the Rappahannock River and Manassas, Virginia. In October of that year he was ordered to return to VMI to teach civil and military engineering, but he was recalled to the Confederate Army in April 1862 for temporary special duty on the staff of General Stonewall Jackson.","In 1864 Williamson married for the second time to Julia Wharton (Lewis) and the couple had two children: Sydney Bacon and Cornelia.","Williamson continued his teaching career at VMI until shortly before his death on March 31, 1888."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThomas H. Williamson papers, 1788-1888. MS 0105. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Thomas H. Williamson papers, 1788-1888. MS 0105. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Thomas H. Williamson papers include:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCivil War memoirs, in which Williamson discusses the events that took place during his temporary assignment to the command of Major General Stonewall Jackson beginning in April 1862\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLecture notes (1850s) used in teaching engineering and architecture courses at VMI\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTwo copies of the textbook written by Williamson for use at VMI titled \"An Elementary Course of Architecture and Civil Engineering\"\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWilliamson family genealogical material\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCorrespondence\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThe memoirs, titled \"My Service with Genl Thos. J. Jackson\" regard Thomas H. Williamson's assignment to General Stonewall Jackson's command in the Spring of 1862.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote on the text by William Couper, VMI's \"official historiographer\" from 1934-1954: \"This memorandum is written in the handwriting of General Thomas H. Williamson and is reproduced with the spelling, etc., unchanged. There is no date on the memorandum, but it was probably written after 1883 when\nColonel Shipp began to spell his name Shipp (originally spelled Ship). It also must have been written after Jones wrote his Reminiscences, published in 1876.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials used by Thomas H. Williamson while teaching his architecture, drawing, and other classes at VMI.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Babylon - Edfou, Parthenon-Colosseum\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Church of Our Savior, Saxon Church, Smithsonian\n                  Institute, Pisa Cathedral, Mosque at Cordova, Mosque\n                  at Constantinople\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Illustrations, 1st-3rd Period of the Gothic\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Illustrations, English Parish Churches\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eContaints notes and an oversized chart.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes one letter (dated February 1788) from William Watts to his brother, Captain John Watts. The exact relationship to Thomas H. Williamson is not known, but the letter is presumed to be related to an ancestor.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Thomas H. Williamson papers include:\n\nCivil War memoirs, in which Williamson discusses the events that took place during his temporary assignment to the command of Major General Stonewall Jackson beginning in April 1862\nLecture notes (1850s) used in teaching engineering and architecture courses at VMI\nTwo copies of the textbook written by Williamson for use at VMI titled \"An Elementary Course of Architecture and Civil Engineering\"\nWilliamson family genealogical material\nCorrespondence","The memoirs, titled \"My Service with Genl Thos. J. Jackson\" regard Thomas H. Williamson's assignment to General Stonewall Jackson's command in the Spring of 1862.","Note on the text by William Couper, VMI's \"official historiographer\" from 1934-1954: \"This memorandum is written in the handwriting of General Thomas H. Williamson and is reproduced with the spelling, etc., unchanged. There is no date on the memorandum, but it was probably written after 1883 when\nColonel Shipp began to spell his name Shipp (originally spelled Ship). It also must have been written after Jones wrote his Reminiscences, published in 1876.\"","Materials used by Thomas H. Williamson while teaching his architecture, drawing, and other classes at VMI.","\"Babylon - Edfou, Parthenon-Colosseum\"","\"Church of Our Savior, Saxon Church, Smithsonian\n                  Institute, Pisa Cathedral, Mosque at Cordova, Mosque\n                  at Constantinople\"","\"Illustrations, 1st-3rd Period of the Gothic\"","\"Illustrations, English Parish Churches\"","Containts notes and an oversized chart.","Includes one letter (dated February 1788) from William Watts to his brother, Captain John Watts. The exact relationship to Thomas H. Williamson is not known, but the letter is presumed to be related to an ancestor."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_aee27eea08ccd2e10042a9e3c6726989\"\u003eManuscripts stacks and Oversized Case 2\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks and Oversized Case 2"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Virginia Military Institute. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering"],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863"],"persname_ssim":["Williamson, Thomas H. (Thomas Hoomes), 1813-1888","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Virginia Military Institute. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering","Williamson, Thomas H. (Thomas Hoomes), 1813-1888","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"total_component_count_is":10,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:59:54.976Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_626"}},{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_238","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Thomas T. Munford papers, 1845/1865","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_238#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Munford, Thomas T. (Thomas Taylor), 1831-1918","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_238#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Thomas T. Munford papers consist of the personal papers of Munford, including: \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOne letter (dated April 18, 1861) to Charles Ellis that discusses the outbreak of war\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOne letter (dated May 9, 1864) to George P. Tayloe, Munford's father-in-law, that discusses the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House, Virginia\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOne letter (dated May 21, 1865) to Sallie Munford, Munford's niece, that expresses sadness caused by the South's defeat\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOne photostat of Munford's Special Orders No. 6 (dated April 25, 1865)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOne architecture textbook used by Munford during his cadetship at VMI, including his original sketches and annotations\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEleven receipts (dated 1845-1847) that show payments of George W. Munford to Claudius Crozet for schooling of his sons\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_238#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_238","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_238","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_238","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_238","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_238.xml","title_ssm":["Thomas T. Munford papers"],"title_tesim":["Thomas T. Munford papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1845-1865"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1845-1865"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1845/1865"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Thomas T. Munford papers, 1845/1865"],"text":["Thomas T. Munford papers, 1845/1865","MS.0158","/repositories/3/resources/238","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1852","Virginia Military Institute—Curricula","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet drawings","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1850-1859","Virginia—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Spotsylvania Court House, Battle of, Va., 1864","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives","Correspondence","Receipts (financial records)","Orders (military records)","Textbooks","There are no restrictions.","Thomas Taylor Munford was born in 1831 in Richmond, Virginia. He graduated VMI in 1852 and went on to become a farmer and businessman. During the Civil War he was a Brigadier General in the Confederate Army. Munford died in 1918 in Uniontown, Alabama.","The Thomas T. Munford papers consist of the personal papers of Munford, including:\n\nOne letter (dated April 18, 1861) to Charles Ellis that discusses the outbreak of war\nOne letter (dated May 9, 1864) to George P. Tayloe, Munford's father-in-law, that discusses the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House, Virginia\nOne letter (dated May 21, 1865) to Sallie Munford, Munford's niece, that expresses sadness caused by the South's defeat\nOne photostat of Munford's Special Orders No. 6 (dated April 25, 1865)\nOne architecture textbook used by Munford during his cadetship at VMI, including his original sketches and annotations\nEleven receipts (dated 1845-1847) that show payments of George W. Munford to Claudius Crozet for schooling of his sons","Letter discusses the outbreak of war.","Letter expresses sadness caused by the South's defeat.","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Munford, Thomas T. (Thomas Taylor), 1831-1918","Crozet, Claudius, 1790-1864","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Thomas T. Munford papers, 1845/1865"],"collection_ssim":["Thomas T. Munford papers, 1845/1865"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0158","/repositories/3/resources/238"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0158","/repositories/3/resources/238"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Munford, Thomas T. (Thomas Taylor), 1831-1918"],"creator_ssim":["Munford, Thomas T. (Thomas Taylor), 1831-1918"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Munford, Thomas T. (Thomas Taylor), 1831-1918","Crozet, Claudius, 1790-1864"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creators_ssim":["Munford, Thomas T. (Thomas Taylor), 1831-1918","Crozet, Claudius, 1790-1864","Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1852","Virginia Military Institute—Curricula","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet drawings","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1850-1859","Virginia—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Spotsylvania Court House, Battle of, Va., 1864","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives","Correspondence","Receipts (financial records)","Orders (military records)","Textbooks"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1852","Virginia Military Institute—Curricula","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet drawings","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1850-1859","Virginia—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Spotsylvania Court House, Battle of, Va., 1864","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives","Correspondence","Receipts (financial records)","Orders (military records)","Textbooks"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["19 items"],"extent_tesim":["19 items"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Receipts (financial records)","Orders (military records)","Textbooks"],"date_range_isim":[1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThomas Taylor Munford was born in 1831 in Richmond, Virginia. He graduated VMI in 1852 and went on to become a farmer and businessman. During the Civil War he was a Brigadier General in the Confederate Army. Munford died in 1918 in Uniontown, Alabama.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Thomas Taylor Munford was born in 1831 in Richmond, Virginia. He graduated VMI in 1852 and went on to become a farmer and businessman. During the Civil War he was a Brigadier General in the Confederate Army. Munford died in 1918 in Uniontown, Alabama."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThomas T. Munford papers, 1845-1865. MS 0158. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Thomas T. Munford papers, 1845-1865. MS 0158. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Thomas T. Munford papers consist of the personal papers of Munford, including:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOne letter (dated April 18, 1861) to Charles Ellis that discusses the outbreak of war\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOne letter (dated May 9, 1864) to George P. Tayloe, Munford's father-in-law, that discusses the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House, Virginia\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOne letter (dated May 21, 1865) to Sallie Munford, Munford's niece, that expresses sadness caused by the South's defeat\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOne photostat of Munford's Special Orders No. 6 (dated April 25, 1865)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOne architecture textbook used by Munford during his cadetship at VMI, including his original sketches and annotations\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEleven receipts (dated 1845-1847) that show payments of George W. Munford to Claudius Crozet for schooling of his sons\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eLetter discusses the outbreak of war.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter expresses sadness caused by the South's defeat.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Thomas T. Munford papers consist of the personal papers of Munford, including:\n\nOne letter (dated April 18, 1861) to Charles Ellis that discusses the outbreak of war\nOne letter (dated May 9, 1864) to George P. Tayloe, Munford's father-in-law, that discusses the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House, Virginia\nOne letter (dated May 21, 1865) to Sallie Munford, Munford's niece, that expresses sadness caused by the South's defeat\nOne photostat of Munford's Special Orders No. 6 (dated April 25, 1865)\nOne architecture textbook used by Munford during his cadetship at VMI, including his original sketches and annotations\nEleven receipts (dated 1845-1847) that show payments of George W. Munford to Claudius Crozet for schooling of his sons","Letter discusses the outbreak of war.","Letter expresses sadness caused by the South's defeat."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_2062d788eba7d363c592f7f39535fde2\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Munford, Thomas T. (Thomas Taylor), 1831-1918","Crozet, Claudius, 1790-1864"],"names_coll_ssim":["Crozet, Claudius, 1790-1864"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Munford, Thomas T. (Thomas Taylor), 1831-1918","Crozet, Claudius, 1790-1864"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:59:54.976Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_238","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_238","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_238","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_238","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_238.xml","title_ssm":["Thomas T. Munford papers"],"title_tesim":["Thomas T. Munford papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1845-1865"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1845-1865"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1845/1865"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Thomas T. Munford papers, 1845/1865"],"text":["Thomas T. Munford papers, 1845/1865","MS.0158","/repositories/3/resources/238","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1852","Virginia Military Institute—Curricula","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet drawings","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1850-1859","Virginia—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Spotsylvania Court House, Battle of, Va., 1864","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives","Correspondence","Receipts (financial records)","Orders (military records)","Textbooks","There are no restrictions.","Thomas Taylor Munford was born in 1831 in Richmond, Virginia. He graduated VMI in 1852 and went on to become a farmer and businessman. During the Civil War he was a Brigadier General in the Confederate Army. Munford died in 1918 in Uniontown, Alabama.","The Thomas T. Munford papers consist of the personal papers of Munford, including:\n\nOne letter (dated April 18, 1861) to Charles Ellis that discusses the outbreak of war\nOne letter (dated May 9, 1864) to George P. Tayloe, Munford's father-in-law, that discusses the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House, Virginia\nOne letter (dated May 21, 1865) to Sallie Munford, Munford's niece, that expresses sadness caused by the South's defeat\nOne photostat of Munford's Special Orders No. 6 (dated April 25, 1865)\nOne architecture textbook used by Munford during his cadetship at VMI, including his original sketches and annotations\nEleven receipts (dated 1845-1847) that show payments of George W. Munford to Claudius Crozet for schooling of his sons","Letter discusses the outbreak of war.","Letter expresses sadness caused by the South's defeat.","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Munford, Thomas T. (Thomas Taylor), 1831-1918","Crozet, Claudius, 1790-1864","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Thomas T. Munford papers, 1845/1865"],"collection_ssim":["Thomas T. Munford papers, 1845/1865"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0158","/repositories/3/resources/238"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0158","/repositories/3/resources/238"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Munford, Thomas T. (Thomas Taylor), 1831-1918"],"creator_ssim":["Munford, Thomas T. (Thomas Taylor), 1831-1918"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Munford, Thomas T. (Thomas Taylor), 1831-1918","Crozet, Claudius, 1790-1864"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creators_ssim":["Munford, Thomas T. (Thomas Taylor), 1831-1918","Crozet, Claudius, 1790-1864","Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1852","Virginia Military Institute—Curricula","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet drawings","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1850-1859","Virginia—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Spotsylvania Court House, Battle of, Va., 1864","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives","Correspondence","Receipts (financial records)","Orders (military records)","Textbooks"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1852","Virginia Military Institute—Curricula","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet drawings","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1850-1859","Virginia—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Spotsylvania Court House, Battle of, Va., 1864","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives","Correspondence","Receipts (financial records)","Orders (military records)","Textbooks"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["19 items"],"extent_tesim":["19 items"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Receipts (financial records)","Orders (military records)","Textbooks"],"date_range_isim":[1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThomas Taylor Munford was born in 1831 in Richmond, Virginia. He graduated VMI in 1852 and went on to become a farmer and businessman. During the Civil War he was a Brigadier General in the Confederate Army. Munford died in 1918 in Uniontown, Alabama.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Thomas Taylor Munford was born in 1831 in Richmond, Virginia. He graduated VMI in 1852 and went on to become a farmer and businessman. During the Civil War he was a Brigadier General in the Confederate Army. Munford died in 1918 in Uniontown, Alabama."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThomas T. Munford papers, 1845-1865. MS 0158. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Thomas T. Munford papers, 1845-1865. MS 0158. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Thomas T. Munford papers consist of the personal papers of Munford, including:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOne letter (dated April 18, 1861) to Charles Ellis that discusses the outbreak of war\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOne letter (dated May 9, 1864) to George P. Tayloe, Munford's father-in-law, that discusses the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House, Virginia\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOne letter (dated May 21, 1865) to Sallie Munford, Munford's niece, that expresses sadness caused by the South's defeat\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOne photostat of Munford's Special Orders No. 6 (dated April 25, 1865)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOne architecture textbook used by Munford during his cadetship at VMI, including his original sketches and annotations\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEleven receipts (dated 1845-1847) that show payments of George W. Munford to Claudius Crozet for schooling of his sons\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eLetter discusses the outbreak of war.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter expresses sadness caused by the South's defeat.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Thomas T. Munford papers consist of the personal papers of Munford, including:\n\nOne letter (dated April 18, 1861) to Charles Ellis that discusses the outbreak of war\nOne letter (dated May 9, 1864) to George P. Tayloe, Munford's father-in-law, that discusses the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House, Virginia\nOne letter (dated May 21, 1865) to Sallie Munford, Munford's niece, that expresses sadness caused by the South's defeat\nOne photostat of Munford's Special Orders No. 6 (dated April 25, 1865)\nOne architecture textbook used by Munford during his cadetship at VMI, including his original sketches and annotations\nEleven receipts (dated 1845-1847) that show payments of George W. Munford to Claudius Crozet for schooling of his sons","Letter discusses the outbreak of war.","Letter expresses sadness caused by the South's defeat."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_2062d788eba7d363c592f7f39535fde2\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Munford, Thomas T. (Thomas Taylor), 1831-1918","Crozet, Claudius, 1790-1864"],"names_coll_ssim":["Crozet, Claudius, 1790-1864"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Munford, Thomas T. (Thomas Taylor), 1831-1918","Crozet, Claudius, 1790-1864"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:59:54.976Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_238"}},{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_145","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Valentine C. Saunders papers, 1839/1866","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_145#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Saunders, Valentine C. (Valentine Cook), 1820-1894","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_145#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Valentine C. Saunders papers consist of one letter from Cadet Saunders to his parents. This letter is the oldest extant letter written by a VMI cadet. Dated November 30, 1839, shortly after the first cadets arrived in Lexington, Virginia, the letter provides a cadet's view of the newly established Institute. Saunders describes the following: \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eArsenal\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRelationship with Washington College\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMethod of instruction\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCourse of studies\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAn opinion (favorable) of Superintendent Francis H. Smith.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e The papers also contain Saunders' copy of a published address by Francis H. Smith titled \"The Inner Life of the VMI Cadet\" (1866).\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_145#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_145","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_145","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_145","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_145","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_145.xml","title_ssm":["Valentine C. Saunders papers"],"title_tesim":["Valentine C. Saunders papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1839-1866"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1839-1866"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1839/1866"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Valentine C. Saunders papers, 1839/1866"],"text":["Valentine C. Saunders papers, 1839/1866","MS.0071","/repositories/3/resources/145","Virginia Military Institute—History—19th century","Virginia Military Institute—Curricula","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1842","Washington and Lee University—History","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1830-1839","Correspondence","Speeches, Addresses, etc.","There are no restrictions.","Valentine Cook Saunders was born on November 15, 1820 in Leesburg, Virginia to Everitt Saunders and Susan Bashaw. He entered VMI on November 11, 1839 and graduated on July 4, 1842, standing 12th of 16 graduates. After graduation, he began a career as a teacher, which he continued until his death on December 21, 1894, in Leesburg.","Virginia Military Institute\nNov. 30, 1839\nDear Father and Mother","I received your letter of the 21st yesterday, being the first I have got since I left home, and you may be sure it gave me much pleasure. I have just returned from exploring the dusky halls of the old Arsenal. There are deposited in this arsenal at which we are stationed fifty six thousand stand of arms including a vast number of old rifles, muskets, pistols, and dragoon swords. The value of the whole is estimated at about seven hundred thousand dollars so you see we have great responsibility resting upon us for this property is confided to our immediate care.","The method of instruction pursued in this Institute is the best and most efficient that could be possibly adopted. The leisure hours are from breakfast till 9 oclock, from twelve till two, from 4 till supper. There are 4 assigned to each room to pursue their respective studies to themselves; at a particular hour we are marched in squads at the beat of the drum to the recitation room where we are examined individually by Major Smith in the presence of the whole corps to see what progress we have made in our studies. If he finds us deficient in the least we get a mark of demerit besides requiring us to recite the same lesson next morning; his course of instruction is conducted on the [Peohloggian] system, by interrogating us on the particular branch we have been studying and requiring us to demonstrate it on the blackboard put up in the recitation room for that purpose.","Major Smith the principal Professor is a man of the nicest discrimination and shrewdness I ever knew. I will defy anyone to fool or dupe him, for one can't get along here otherwise than doing his duty. He is very polite and kind to the cadets but keeps them at a respective distance as is necessary in such a place this.","I have been particularly fortunate since I have been here. The third night after I came here I was appointed seargeant of the Guard and of course have not acted as sentinel one night since I entered upon duty. My service is to visit the sentinel at stated times in the night to see that he does his duty and don't sleep on post, to make off my report in the morning and present it to the Major for inspection.","I am among an excellent set of fellows. There appears to exist in the breast of every Virginian a homogeneous feeling that prompts them to treat each other like brothers and adapts them to each others company. I never saw so much kind feelings, sociability as are here among these cadets. No ill feeling or discord has occurred among them since we have been together.","I was introduced to Gen. Bernard B. Peyton the other day who told me he had known many of the family, particularly cousin James with whom he had served during the late war. He spoke in the highest terms of him as an officer and made very particular inquiries about his family.","The Corps of Cadets is increased to fifty by an accession from Washington College, each one in full uniform. We are drilled every day by the Major who is making every exertion to qualify us for a display on the 22d of February being Washington's Birthday. Our present course of instruction includes Algebra and French. Algebra is the most important part of Mathematics as it facilitates the acquisition and operations of all the succeeding branches of the Mathematics. In this department we have made great proficiency under the superior guidance and management of our able Professor Francis H. Smith. We also progress rapidly in the study of French under the instruction of Mr. Preston, Professor of Languages. He is an accomplished scholar and gentleman, treats us with the utmost politeness and kindness and is well qualified to discharge the duties in the department which he has the honor to fill.","Our service here is very hard especially those that do not act in the capacity of Sergeant and Corporals for their duty is nothing in comparison to the sentinel. There is appointed a guard every night by the officer of the day, one seargeant, one corporal, 3 privates constitute the guard for the night. It is mounted a 6 oclock P.M. and continued throughout the night in rotation, 2 hours allotted to each sentinel till the revilee proclaims the dawn of day. They are then discharged. No weather will excuse the sentinel from performing his duty.","I was sorry to hear that [brother] was returned again to Florida after suffering so much during his campaign last winter in that detestable county, but it was an office of his own seeking therefore he must submit to all the privations and dangers incidental to the life of a soldier. I wish him all the success in the world and a happy escape from the fatigues and dangers attendant upon a Florida campaign. Let me know about him when you write again (and send the chronicle). Your letter contained very unexpected news of the death of Mr. Peck. When I saw him last he was walking the streets of Leesburg in apparent health, but such is the uncertainty of life no situation or circumstance can exempt us from death. Let it be what it may we must go the way of all the earth sooner or later. I truly pity his large and helpless family left behind.","Tell mother I wish her to look in the Book case and get my Spanish Grammar and lock it up in her side board drawer for me. I shall want it if I ever get home. We can't see home under two years. If I can possibly get home before that time I will. Don't forget the chronicle. I never hear any Florida news at this place. Mother must write to me soon. Tell Uncle Raney I received a short letter from him this morning and will answer it as soon as I can. I have but little time to spare at this place but will write as often as I can. Tell me of John Wildman--what is he doing in Leesburg--now I wish he was here. Give my love to all at home and except the same yourselves.\nYours affectionately, V.C. Saunders.","The Valentine C. Saunders papers consist of one letter from Cadet Saunders to his parents. This letter is the oldest extant letter written by a VMI cadet. Dated November 30, 1839, shortly after the first cadets arrived in Lexington, Virginia, the letter provides a cadet's view of the newly established Institute. Saunders describes the following:\n\nArsenal\nRelationship with Washington College\nMethod of instruction\nCourse of studies\nAn opinion (favorable) of Superintendent Francis H. Smith.\nThe papers also contain Saunders' copy of a published address by Francis H. Smith titled \"The Inner Life of the VMI Cadet\" (1866).","This letter from cadet Valentine C. Saunders to his parents is the oldest extant letter written by a VMI cadet. Dated November 30, 1839, shortly after the first cadets arrived in Lexington, Virginia, the letter provides a cadet's view of the newly established Institute. Saunders describes the following:\n\nArsenal\nRelationship with Washington College\nMethod of instruction\nCourse of studies\nAn opinion (favorable) of Superintendent Francis H. Smith.","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Saunders, Valentine C. (Valentine Cook), 1820-1894","Smith, Francis H. (Francis Henney), 1812-1890","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Valentine C. Saunders papers, 1839/1866"],"collection_ssim":["Valentine C. Saunders papers, 1839/1866"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0071","/repositories/3/resources/145"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0071","/repositories/3/resources/145"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Saunders, Valentine C. (Valentine Cook), 1820-1894"],"creator_ssim":["Saunders, Valentine C. (Valentine Cook), 1820-1894"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Saunders, Valentine C. (Valentine Cook), 1820-1894","Smith, Francis H. (Francis Henney), 1812-1890"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creators_ssim":["Saunders, Valentine C. (Valentine Cook), 1820-1894","Smith, Francis H. (Francis Henney), 1812-1890","Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute—History—19th century","Virginia Military Institute—Curricula","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1842","Washington and Lee University—History","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1830-1839","Correspondence","Speeches, Addresses, etc."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute—History—19th century","Virginia Military Institute—Curricula","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1842","Washington and Lee University—History","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1830-1839","Correspondence","Speeches, Addresses, etc."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2 items"],"extent_tesim":["2 items"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Speeches, Addresses, etc."],"date_range_isim":[1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eValentine Cook Saunders was born on November 15, 1820 in Leesburg, Virginia to Everitt Saunders and Susan Bashaw. He entered VMI on November 11, 1839 and graduated on July 4, 1842, standing 12th of 16 graduates. After graduation, he began a career as a teacher, which he continued until his death on December 21, 1894, in Leesburg.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Valentine Cook Saunders was born on November 15, 1820 in Leesburg, Virginia to Everitt Saunders and Susan Bashaw. He entered VMI on November 11, 1839 and graduated on July 4, 1842, standing 12th of 16 graduates. After graduation, he began a career as a teacher, which he continued until his death on December 21, 1894, in Leesburg."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVirginia Military Institute\u003cbr\u003e\nNov. 30, 1839\u003cbr\u003e\nDear Father and Mother\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI received your letter of the 21st yesterday, being the first I have got since I left home, and you may be sure it gave me much pleasure. I have just returned from exploring the dusky halls of the old Arsenal. There are deposited in this arsenal at which we are stationed fifty six thousand stand of arms including a vast number of old rifles, muskets, pistols, and dragoon swords. The value of the whole is estimated at about seven hundred thousand dollars so you see we have great responsibility resting upon us for this property is confided to our immediate care.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe method of instruction pursued in this Institute is the best and most efficient that could be possibly adopted. The leisure hours are from breakfast till 9 oclock, from twelve till two, from 4 till supper. There are 4 assigned to each room to pursue their respective studies to themselves; at a particular hour we are marched in squads at the beat of the drum to the recitation room where we are examined individually by Major Smith in the presence of the whole corps to see what progress we have made in our studies. If he finds us deficient in the least we get a mark of demerit besides requiring us to recite the same lesson next morning; his course of instruction is conducted on the [Peohloggian] system, by interrogating us on the particular branch we have been studying and requiring us to demonstrate it on the blackboard put up in the recitation room for that purpose.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMajor Smith the principal Professor is a man of the nicest discrimination and shrewdness I ever knew. I will defy anyone to fool or dupe him, for one can't get along here otherwise than doing his duty. He is very polite and kind to the cadets but keeps them at a respective distance as is necessary in such a place this.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI have been particularly fortunate since I have been here. The third night after I came here I was appointed seargeant of the Guard and of course have not acted as sentinel one night since I entered upon duty. My service is to visit the sentinel at stated times in the night to see that he does his duty and don't sleep on post, to make off my report in the morning and present it to the Major for inspection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI am among an excellent set of fellows. There appears to exist in the breast of every Virginian a homogeneous feeling that prompts them to treat each other like brothers and adapts them to each others company. I never saw so much kind feelings, sociability as are here among these cadets. No ill feeling or discord has occurred among them since we have been together.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI was introduced to Gen. Bernard B. Peyton the other day who told me he had known many of the family, particularly cousin James with whom he had served during the late war. He spoke in the highest terms of him as an officer and made very particular inquiries about his family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Corps of Cadets is increased to fifty by an accession from Washington College, each one in full uniform. We are drilled every day by the Major who is making every exertion to qualify us for a display on the 22d of February being Washington's Birthday. Our present course of instruction includes Algebra and French. Algebra is the most important part of Mathematics as it facilitates the acquisition and operations of all the succeeding branches of the Mathematics. In this department we have made great proficiency under the superior guidance and management of our able Professor Francis H. Smith. We also progress rapidly in the study of French under the instruction of Mr. Preston, Professor of Languages. He is an accomplished scholar and gentleman, treats us with the utmost politeness and kindness and is well qualified to discharge the duties in the department which he has the honor to fill.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOur service here is very hard especially those that do not act in the capacity of Sergeant and Corporals for their duty is nothing in comparison to the sentinel. There is appointed a guard every night by the officer of the day, one seargeant, one corporal, 3 privates constitute the guard for the night. It is mounted a 6 oclock P.M. and continued throughout the night in rotation, 2 hours allotted to each sentinel till the revilee proclaims the dawn of day. They are then discharged. No weather will excuse the sentinel from performing his duty.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI was sorry to hear that [brother] was returned again to Florida after suffering so much during his campaign last winter in that detestable county, but it was an office of his own seeking therefore he must submit to all the privations and dangers incidental to the life of a soldier. I wish him all the success in the world and a happy escape from the fatigues and dangers attendant upon a Florida campaign. Let me know about him when you write again (and send the chronicle). Your letter contained very unexpected news of the death of Mr. Peck. When I saw him last he was walking the streets of Leesburg in apparent health, but such is the uncertainty of life no situation or circumstance can exempt us from death. Let it be what it may we must go the way of all the earth sooner or later. I truly pity his large and helpless family left behind.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTell mother I wish her to look in the Book case and get my Spanish Grammar and lock it up in her side board drawer for me. I shall want it if I ever get home. We can't see home under two years. If I can possibly get home before that time I will. Don't forget the chronicle. I never hear any Florida news at this place. Mother must write to me soon. Tell Uncle Raney I received a short letter from him this morning and will answer it as soon as I can. I have but little time to spare at this place but will write as often as I can. Tell me of John Wildman--what is he doing in Leesburg--now I wish he was here. Give my love to all at home and except the same yourselves.\u003cbr\u003e\nYours affectionately, V.C. Saunders.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Transcription"],"odd_tesim":["Virginia Military Institute\nNov. 30, 1839\nDear Father and Mother","I received your letter of the 21st yesterday, being the first I have got since I left home, and you may be sure it gave me much pleasure. I have just returned from exploring the dusky halls of the old Arsenal. There are deposited in this arsenal at which we are stationed fifty six thousand stand of arms including a vast number of old rifles, muskets, pistols, and dragoon swords. The value of the whole is estimated at about seven hundred thousand dollars so you see we have great responsibility resting upon us for this property is confided to our immediate care.","The method of instruction pursued in this Institute is the best and most efficient that could be possibly adopted. The leisure hours are from breakfast till 9 oclock, from twelve till two, from 4 till supper. There are 4 assigned to each room to pursue their respective studies to themselves; at a particular hour we are marched in squads at the beat of the drum to the recitation room where we are examined individually by Major Smith in the presence of the whole corps to see what progress we have made in our studies. If he finds us deficient in the least we get a mark of demerit besides requiring us to recite the same lesson next morning; his course of instruction is conducted on the [Peohloggian] system, by interrogating us on the particular branch we have been studying and requiring us to demonstrate it on the blackboard put up in the recitation room for that purpose.","Major Smith the principal Professor is a man of the nicest discrimination and shrewdness I ever knew. I will defy anyone to fool or dupe him, for one can't get along here otherwise than doing his duty. He is very polite and kind to the cadets but keeps them at a respective distance as is necessary in such a place this.","I have been particularly fortunate since I have been here. The third night after I came here I was appointed seargeant of the Guard and of course have not acted as sentinel one night since I entered upon duty. My service is to visit the sentinel at stated times in the night to see that he does his duty and don't sleep on post, to make off my report in the morning and present it to the Major for inspection.","I am among an excellent set of fellows. There appears to exist in the breast of every Virginian a homogeneous feeling that prompts them to treat each other like brothers and adapts them to each others company. I never saw so much kind feelings, sociability as are here among these cadets. No ill feeling or discord has occurred among them since we have been together.","I was introduced to Gen. Bernard B. Peyton the other day who told me he had known many of the family, particularly cousin James with whom he had served during the late war. He spoke in the highest terms of him as an officer and made very particular inquiries about his family.","The Corps of Cadets is increased to fifty by an accession from Washington College, each one in full uniform. We are drilled every day by the Major who is making every exertion to qualify us for a display on the 22d of February being Washington's Birthday. Our present course of instruction includes Algebra and French. Algebra is the most important part of Mathematics as it facilitates the acquisition and operations of all the succeeding branches of the Mathematics. In this department we have made great proficiency under the superior guidance and management of our able Professor Francis H. Smith. We also progress rapidly in the study of French under the instruction of Mr. Preston, Professor of Languages. He is an accomplished scholar and gentleman, treats us with the utmost politeness and kindness and is well qualified to discharge the duties in the department which he has the honor to fill.","Our service here is very hard especially those that do not act in the capacity of Sergeant and Corporals for their duty is nothing in comparison to the sentinel. There is appointed a guard every night by the officer of the day, one seargeant, one corporal, 3 privates constitute the guard for the night. It is mounted a 6 oclock P.M. and continued throughout the night in rotation, 2 hours allotted to each sentinel till the revilee proclaims the dawn of day. They are then discharged. No weather will excuse the sentinel from performing his duty.","I was sorry to hear that [brother] was returned again to Florida after suffering so much during his campaign last winter in that detestable county, but it was an office of his own seeking therefore he must submit to all the privations and dangers incidental to the life of a soldier. I wish him all the success in the world and a happy escape from the fatigues and dangers attendant upon a Florida campaign. Let me know about him when you write again (and send the chronicle). Your letter contained very unexpected news of the death of Mr. Peck. When I saw him last he was walking the streets of Leesburg in apparent health, but such is the uncertainty of life no situation or circumstance can exempt us from death. Let it be what it may we must go the way of all the earth sooner or later. I truly pity his large and helpless family left behind.","Tell mother I wish her to look in the Book case and get my Spanish Grammar and lock it up in her side board drawer for me. I shall want it if I ever get home. We can't see home under two years. If I can possibly get home before that time I will. Don't forget the chronicle. I never hear any Florida news at this place. Mother must write to me soon. Tell Uncle Raney I received a short letter from him this morning and will answer it as soon as I can. I have but little time to spare at this place but will write as often as I can. Tell me of John Wildman--what is he doing in Leesburg--now I wish he was here. Give my love to all at home and except the same yourselves.\nYours affectionately, V.C. Saunders."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eValentine C. Saunders papers, 1839-1866. MS 0071. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Valentine C. Saunders papers, 1839-1866. MS 0071. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Valentine C. Saunders papers consist of one letter from Cadet Saunders to his parents. This letter is the oldest extant letter written by a VMI cadet. Dated November 30, 1839, shortly after the first cadets arrived in Lexington, Virginia, the letter provides a cadet's view of the newly established Institute. Saunders describes the following:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eArsenal\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRelationship with Washington College\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMethod of instruction\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCourse of studies\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAn opinion (favorable) of Superintendent Francis H. Smith.\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\nThe papers also contain Saunders' copy of a published address by Francis H. Smith titled \"The Inner Life of the VMI Cadet\" (1866).\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThis letter from cadet Valentine C. Saunders to his parents is the oldest extant letter written by a VMI cadet. Dated November 30, 1839, shortly after the first cadets arrived in Lexington, Virginia, the letter provides a cadet's view of the newly established Institute. Saunders describes the following:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eArsenal\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRelationship with Washington College\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMethod of instruction\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCourse of studies\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAn opinion (favorable) of Superintendent Francis H. Smith.\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Valentine C. Saunders papers consist of one letter from Cadet Saunders to his parents. This letter is the oldest extant letter written by a VMI cadet. Dated November 30, 1839, shortly after the first cadets arrived in Lexington, Virginia, the letter provides a cadet's view of the newly established Institute. Saunders describes the following:\n\nArsenal\nRelationship with Washington College\nMethod of instruction\nCourse of studies\nAn opinion (favorable) of Superintendent Francis H. Smith.\nThe papers also contain Saunders' copy of a published address by Francis H. Smith titled \"The Inner Life of the VMI Cadet\" (1866).","This letter from cadet Valentine C. Saunders to his parents is the oldest extant letter written by a VMI cadet. Dated November 30, 1839, shortly after the first cadets arrived in Lexington, Virginia, the letter provides a cadet's view of the newly established Institute. Saunders describes the following:\n\nArsenal\nRelationship with Washington College\nMethod of instruction\nCourse of studies\nAn opinion (favorable) of Superintendent Francis H. Smith."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_e61f4abfb072fb514b0c237c6a15d949\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Saunders, Valentine C. (Valentine Cook), 1820-1894","Smith, Francis H. (Francis Henney), 1812-1890"],"names_coll_ssim":["Smith, Francis H. (Francis Henney), 1812-1890"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Saunders, Valentine C. (Valentine Cook), 1820-1894","Smith, Francis H. (Francis Henney), 1812-1890"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:59:04.198Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_145","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_145","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_145","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_145","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_145.xml","title_ssm":["Valentine C. Saunders papers"],"title_tesim":["Valentine C. Saunders papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1839-1866"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1839-1866"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1839/1866"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Valentine C. Saunders papers, 1839/1866"],"text":["Valentine C. Saunders papers, 1839/1866","MS.0071","/repositories/3/resources/145","Virginia Military Institute—History—19th century","Virginia Military Institute—Curricula","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1842","Washington and Lee University—History","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1830-1839","Correspondence","Speeches, Addresses, etc.","There are no restrictions.","Valentine Cook Saunders was born on November 15, 1820 in Leesburg, Virginia to Everitt Saunders and Susan Bashaw. He entered VMI on November 11, 1839 and graduated on July 4, 1842, standing 12th of 16 graduates. After graduation, he began a career as a teacher, which he continued until his death on December 21, 1894, in Leesburg.","Virginia Military Institute\nNov. 30, 1839\nDear Father and Mother","I received your letter of the 21st yesterday, being the first I have got since I left home, and you may be sure it gave me much pleasure. I have just returned from exploring the dusky halls of the old Arsenal. There are deposited in this arsenal at which we are stationed fifty six thousand stand of arms including a vast number of old rifles, muskets, pistols, and dragoon swords. The value of the whole is estimated at about seven hundred thousand dollars so you see we have great responsibility resting upon us for this property is confided to our immediate care.","The method of instruction pursued in this Institute is the best and most efficient that could be possibly adopted. The leisure hours are from breakfast till 9 oclock, from twelve till two, from 4 till supper. There are 4 assigned to each room to pursue their respective studies to themselves; at a particular hour we are marched in squads at the beat of the drum to the recitation room where we are examined individually by Major Smith in the presence of the whole corps to see what progress we have made in our studies. If he finds us deficient in the least we get a mark of demerit besides requiring us to recite the same lesson next morning; his course of instruction is conducted on the [Peohloggian] system, by interrogating us on the particular branch we have been studying and requiring us to demonstrate it on the blackboard put up in the recitation room for that purpose.","Major Smith the principal Professor is a man of the nicest discrimination and shrewdness I ever knew. I will defy anyone to fool or dupe him, for one can't get along here otherwise than doing his duty. He is very polite and kind to the cadets but keeps them at a respective distance as is necessary in such a place this.","I have been particularly fortunate since I have been here. The third night after I came here I was appointed seargeant of the Guard and of course have not acted as sentinel one night since I entered upon duty. My service is to visit the sentinel at stated times in the night to see that he does his duty and don't sleep on post, to make off my report in the morning and present it to the Major for inspection.","I am among an excellent set of fellows. There appears to exist in the breast of every Virginian a homogeneous feeling that prompts them to treat each other like brothers and adapts them to each others company. I never saw so much kind feelings, sociability as are here among these cadets. No ill feeling or discord has occurred among them since we have been together.","I was introduced to Gen. Bernard B. Peyton the other day who told me he had known many of the family, particularly cousin James with whom he had served during the late war. He spoke in the highest terms of him as an officer and made very particular inquiries about his family.","The Corps of Cadets is increased to fifty by an accession from Washington College, each one in full uniform. We are drilled every day by the Major who is making every exertion to qualify us for a display on the 22d of February being Washington's Birthday. Our present course of instruction includes Algebra and French. Algebra is the most important part of Mathematics as it facilitates the acquisition and operations of all the succeeding branches of the Mathematics. In this department we have made great proficiency under the superior guidance and management of our able Professor Francis H. Smith. We also progress rapidly in the study of French under the instruction of Mr. Preston, Professor of Languages. He is an accomplished scholar and gentleman, treats us with the utmost politeness and kindness and is well qualified to discharge the duties in the department which he has the honor to fill.","Our service here is very hard especially those that do not act in the capacity of Sergeant and Corporals for their duty is nothing in comparison to the sentinel. There is appointed a guard every night by the officer of the day, one seargeant, one corporal, 3 privates constitute the guard for the night. It is mounted a 6 oclock P.M. and continued throughout the night in rotation, 2 hours allotted to each sentinel till the revilee proclaims the dawn of day. They are then discharged. No weather will excuse the sentinel from performing his duty.","I was sorry to hear that [brother] was returned again to Florida after suffering so much during his campaign last winter in that detestable county, but it was an office of his own seeking therefore he must submit to all the privations and dangers incidental to the life of a soldier. I wish him all the success in the world and a happy escape from the fatigues and dangers attendant upon a Florida campaign. Let me know about him when you write again (and send the chronicle). Your letter contained very unexpected news of the death of Mr. Peck. When I saw him last he was walking the streets of Leesburg in apparent health, but such is the uncertainty of life no situation or circumstance can exempt us from death. Let it be what it may we must go the way of all the earth sooner or later. I truly pity his large and helpless family left behind.","Tell mother I wish her to look in the Book case and get my Spanish Grammar and lock it up in her side board drawer for me. I shall want it if I ever get home. We can't see home under two years. If I can possibly get home before that time I will. Don't forget the chronicle. I never hear any Florida news at this place. Mother must write to me soon. Tell Uncle Raney I received a short letter from him this morning and will answer it as soon as I can. I have but little time to spare at this place but will write as often as I can. Tell me of John Wildman--what is he doing in Leesburg--now I wish he was here. Give my love to all at home and except the same yourselves.\nYours affectionately, V.C. Saunders.","The Valentine C. Saunders papers consist of one letter from Cadet Saunders to his parents. This letter is the oldest extant letter written by a VMI cadet. Dated November 30, 1839, shortly after the first cadets arrived in Lexington, Virginia, the letter provides a cadet's view of the newly established Institute. Saunders describes the following:\n\nArsenal\nRelationship with Washington College\nMethod of instruction\nCourse of studies\nAn opinion (favorable) of Superintendent Francis H. Smith.\nThe papers also contain Saunders' copy of a published address by Francis H. Smith titled \"The Inner Life of the VMI Cadet\" (1866).","This letter from cadet Valentine C. Saunders to his parents is the oldest extant letter written by a VMI cadet. Dated November 30, 1839, shortly after the first cadets arrived in Lexington, Virginia, the letter provides a cadet's view of the newly established Institute. Saunders describes the following:\n\nArsenal\nRelationship with Washington College\nMethod of instruction\nCourse of studies\nAn opinion (favorable) of Superintendent Francis H. Smith.","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Saunders, Valentine C. (Valentine Cook), 1820-1894","Smith, Francis H. (Francis Henney), 1812-1890","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Valentine C. 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The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute—History—19th century","Virginia Military Institute—Curricula","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1842","Washington and Lee University—History","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1830-1839","Correspondence","Speeches, Addresses, etc."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute—History—19th century","Virginia Military Institute—Curricula","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1842","Washington and Lee University—History","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1830-1839","Correspondence","Speeches, Addresses, etc."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2 items"],"extent_tesim":["2 items"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Speeches, Addresses, etc."],"date_range_isim":[1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eValentine Cook Saunders was born on November 15, 1820 in Leesburg, Virginia to Everitt Saunders and Susan Bashaw. He entered VMI on November 11, 1839 and graduated on July 4, 1842, standing 12th of 16 graduates. After graduation, he began a career as a teacher, which he continued until his death on December 21, 1894, in Leesburg.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Valentine Cook Saunders was born on November 15, 1820 in Leesburg, Virginia to Everitt Saunders and Susan Bashaw. He entered VMI on November 11, 1839 and graduated on July 4, 1842, standing 12th of 16 graduates. After graduation, he began a career as a teacher, which he continued until his death on December 21, 1894, in Leesburg."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVirginia Military Institute\u003cbr\u003e\nNov. 30, 1839\u003cbr\u003e\nDear Father and Mother\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI received your letter of the 21st yesterday, being the first I have got since I left home, and you may be sure it gave me much pleasure. I have just returned from exploring the dusky halls of the old Arsenal. There are deposited in this arsenal at which we are stationed fifty six thousand stand of arms including a vast number of old rifles, muskets, pistols, and dragoon swords. The value of the whole is estimated at about seven hundred thousand dollars so you see we have great responsibility resting upon us for this property is confided to our immediate care.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe method of instruction pursued in this Institute is the best and most efficient that could be possibly adopted. The leisure hours are from breakfast till 9 oclock, from twelve till two, from 4 till supper. There are 4 assigned to each room to pursue their respective studies to themselves; at a particular hour we are marched in squads at the beat of the drum to the recitation room where we are examined individually by Major Smith in the presence of the whole corps to see what progress we have made in our studies. If he finds us deficient in the least we get a mark of demerit besides requiring us to recite the same lesson next morning; his course of instruction is conducted on the [Peohloggian] system, by interrogating us on the particular branch we have been studying and requiring us to demonstrate it on the blackboard put up in the recitation room for that purpose.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMajor Smith the principal Professor is a man of the nicest discrimination and shrewdness I ever knew. I will defy anyone to fool or dupe him, for one can't get along here otherwise than doing his duty. He is very polite and kind to the cadets but keeps them at a respective distance as is necessary in such a place this.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI have been particularly fortunate since I have been here. The third night after I came here I was appointed seargeant of the Guard and of course have not acted as sentinel one night since I entered upon duty. My service is to visit the sentinel at stated times in the night to see that he does his duty and don't sleep on post, to make off my report in the morning and present it to the Major for inspection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI am among an excellent set of fellows. There appears to exist in the breast of every Virginian a homogeneous feeling that prompts them to treat each other like brothers and adapts them to each others company. I never saw so much kind feelings, sociability as are here among these cadets. No ill feeling or discord has occurred among them since we have been together.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI was introduced to Gen. Bernard B. Peyton the other day who told me he had known many of the family, particularly cousin James with whom he had served during the late war. He spoke in the highest terms of him as an officer and made very particular inquiries about his family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Corps of Cadets is increased to fifty by an accession from Washington College, each one in full uniform. We are drilled every day by the Major who is making every exertion to qualify us for a display on the 22d of February being Washington's Birthday. Our present course of instruction includes Algebra and French. Algebra is the most important part of Mathematics as it facilitates the acquisition and operations of all the succeeding branches of the Mathematics. In this department we have made great proficiency under the superior guidance and management of our able Professor Francis H. Smith. We also progress rapidly in the study of French under the instruction of Mr. Preston, Professor of Languages. He is an accomplished scholar and gentleman, treats us with the utmost politeness and kindness and is well qualified to discharge the duties in the department which he has the honor to fill.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOur service here is very hard especially those that do not act in the capacity of Sergeant and Corporals for their duty is nothing in comparison to the sentinel. There is appointed a guard every night by the officer of the day, one seargeant, one corporal, 3 privates constitute the guard for the night. It is mounted a 6 oclock P.M. and continued throughout the night in rotation, 2 hours allotted to each sentinel till the revilee proclaims the dawn of day. They are then discharged. No weather will excuse the sentinel from performing his duty.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI was sorry to hear that [brother] was returned again to Florida after suffering so much during his campaign last winter in that detestable county, but it was an office of his own seeking therefore he must submit to all the privations and dangers incidental to the life of a soldier. I wish him all the success in the world and a happy escape from the fatigues and dangers attendant upon a Florida campaign. Let me know about him when you write again (and send the chronicle). Your letter contained very unexpected news of the death of Mr. Peck. When I saw him last he was walking the streets of Leesburg in apparent health, but such is the uncertainty of life no situation or circumstance can exempt us from death. Let it be what it may we must go the way of all the earth sooner or later. I truly pity his large and helpless family left behind.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTell mother I wish her to look in the Book case and get my Spanish Grammar and lock it up in her side board drawer for me. I shall want it if I ever get home. We can't see home under two years. If I can possibly get home before that time I will. Don't forget the chronicle. I never hear any Florida news at this place. Mother must write to me soon. Tell Uncle Raney I received a short letter from him this morning and will answer it as soon as I can. I have but little time to spare at this place but will write as often as I can. Tell me of John Wildman--what is he doing in Leesburg--now I wish he was here. Give my love to all at home and except the same yourselves.\u003cbr\u003e\nYours affectionately, V.C. Saunders.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Transcription"],"odd_tesim":["Virginia Military Institute\nNov. 30, 1839\nDear Father and Mother","I received your letter of the 21st yesterday, being the first I have got since I left home, and you may be sure it gave me much pleasure. I have just returned from exploring the dusky halls of the old Arsenal. There are deposited in this arsenal at which we are stationed fifty six thousand stand of arms including a vast number of old rifles, muskets, pistols, and dragoon swords. The value of the whole is estimated at about seven hundred thousand dollars so you see we have great responsibility resting upon us for this property is confided to our immediate care.","The method of instruction pursued in this Institute is the best and most efficient that could be possibly adopted. The leisure hours are from breakfast till 9 oclock, from twelve till two, from 4 till supper. There are 4 assigned to each room to pursue their respective studies to themselves; at a particular hour we are marched in squads at the beat of the drum to the recitation room where we are examined individually by Major Smith in the presence of the whole corps to see what progress we have made in our studies. If he finds us deficient in the least we get a mark of demerit besides requiring us to recite the same lesson next morning; his course of instruction is conducted on the [Peohloggian] system, by interrogating us on the particular branch we have been studying and requiring us to demonstrate it on the blackboard put up in the recitation room for that purpose.","Major Smith the principal Professor is a man of the nicest discrimination and shrewdness I ever knew. I will defy anyone to fool or dupe him, for one can't get along here otherwise than doing his duty. He is very polite and kind to the cadets but keeps them at a respective distance as is necessary in such a place this.","I have been particularly fortunate since I have been here. The third night after I came here I was appointed seargeant of the Guard and of course have not acted as sentinel one night since I entered upon duty. My service is to visit the sentinel at stated times in the night to see that he does his duty and don't sleep on post, to make off my report in the morning and present it to the Major for inspection.","I am among an excellent set of fellows. There appears to exist in the breast of every Virginian a homogeneous feeling that prompts them to treat each other like brothers and adapts them to each others company. I never saw so much kind feelings, sociability as are here among these cadets. No ill feeling or discord has occurred among them since we have been together.","I was introduced to Gen. Bernard B. Peyton the other day who told me he had known many of the family, particularly cousin James with whom he had served during the late war. He spoke in the highest terms of him as an officer and made very particular inquiries about his family.","The Corps of Cadets is increased to fifty by an accession from Washington College, each one in full uniform. We are drilled every day by the Major who is making every exertion to qualify us for a display on the 22d of February being Washington's Birthday. Our present course of instruction includes Algebra and French. Algebra is the most important part of Mathematics as it facilitates the acquisition and operations of all the succeeding branches of the Mathematics. In this department we have made great proficiency under the superior guidance and management of our able Professor Francis H. Smith. We also progress rapidly in the study of French under the instruction of Mr. Preston, Professor of Languages. He is an accomplished scholar and gentleman, treats us with the utmost politeness and kindness and is well qualified to discharge the duties in the department which he has the honor to fill.","Our service here is very hard especially those that do not act in the capacity of Sergeant and Corporals for their duty is nothing in comparison to the sentinel. There is appointed a guard every night by the officer of the day, one seargeant, one corporal, 3 privates constitute the guard for the night. It is mounted a 6 oclock P.M. and continued throughout the night in rotation, 2 hours allotted to each sentinel till the revilee proclaims the dawn of day. They are then discharged. No weather will excuse the sentinel from performing his duty.","I was sorry to hear that [brother] was returned again to Florida after suffering so much during his campaign last winter in that detestable county, but it was an office of his own seeking therefore he must submit to all the privations and dangers incidental to the life of a soldier. I wish him all the success in the world and a happy escape from the fatigues and dangers attendant upon a Florida campaign. Let me know about him when you write again (and send the chronicle). Your letter contained very unexpected news of the death of Mr. Peck. When I saw him last he was walking the streets of Leesburg in apparent health, but such is the uncertainty of life no situation or circumstance can exempt us from death. Let it be what it may we must go the way of all the earth sooner or later. I truly pity his large and helpless family left behind.","Tell mother I wish her to look in the Book case and get my Spanish Grammar and lock it up in her side board drawer for me. I shall want it if I ever get home. We can't see home under two years. If I can possibly get home before that time I will. Don't forget the chronicle. I never hear any Florida news at this place. Mother must write to me soon. Tell Uncle Raney I received a short letter from him this morning and will answer it as soon as I can. I have but little time to spare at this place but will write as often as I can. Tell me of John Wildman--what is he doing in Leesburg--now I wish he was here. Give my love to all at home and except the same yourselves.\nYours affectionately, V.C. Saunders."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eValentine C. Saunders papers, 1839-1866. MS 0071. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Valentine C. Saunders papers, 1839-1866. MS 0071. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Valentine C. Saunders papers consist of one letter from Cadet Saunders to his parents. This letter is the oldest extant letter written by a VMI cadet. Dated November 30, 1839, shortly after the first cadets arrived in Lexington, Virginia, the letter provides a cadet's view of the newly established Institute. Saunders describes the following:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eArsenal\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRelationship with Washington College\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMethod of instruction\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCourse of studies\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAn opinion (favorable) of Superintendent Francis H. Smith.\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\nThe papers also contain Saunders' copy of a published address by Francis H. Smith titled \"The Inner Life of the VMI Cadet\" (1866).\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThis letter from cadet Valentine C. Saunders to his parents is the oldest extant letter written by a VMI cadet. Dated November 30, 1839, shortly after the first cadets arrived in Lexington, Virginia, the letter provides a cadet's view of the newly established Institute. Saunders describes the following:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eArsenal\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRelationship with Washington College\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMethod of instruction\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCourse of studies\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAn opinion (favorable) of Superintendent Francis H. Smith.\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Valentine C. Saunders papers consist of one letter from Cadet Saunders to his parents. This letter is the oldest extant letter written by a VMI cadet. Dated November 30, 1839, shortly after the first cadets arrived in Lexington, Virginia, the letter provides a cadet's view of the newly established Institute. Saunders describes the following:\n\nArsenal\nRelationship with Washington College\nMethod of instruction\nCourse of studies\nAn opinion (favorable) of Superintendent Francis H. Smith.\nThe papers also contain Saunders' copy of a published address by Francis H. Smith titled \"The Inner Life of the VMI Cadet\" (1866).","This letter from cadet Valentine C. Saunders to his parents is the oldest extant letter written by a VMI cadet. Dated November 30, 1839, shortly after the first cadets arrived in Lexington, Virginia, the letter provides a cadet's view of the newly established Institute. Saunders describes the following:\n\nArsenal\nRelationship with Washington College\nMethod of instruction\nCourse of studies\nAn opinion (favorable) of Superintendent Francis H. Smith."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. 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Back in Lexington, Virginia, VMI opened its doors to new students who desired a brief course in military training in preparation for entering the Confederate Army. This circular, printed in May 1861, was sent to these prospective cadets, who would be \"organized into classes for instruction in infantry, artillery, and cavalry tactics, in field fortification, strategy and pyrotechny....\" Most of these trainees stayed for three months or less.","Virginia Military Institute","As soon as the Cadets now in the field can be spared from the duties upon which they are now detached, they will return to the Institute, and regular Academic exercises will be resumed.","In the meantime, young men of good character, who desire the advantages of the military instruction of the Institution, theoretic as well as practical, will be admitted upon presenting themselves to the Acting Superintendent Major S. Crutchfield.","Persons thus admitted will be organized into classes for instruction in infantry, artillery, and cavalry tactics, in field fortification, strategy and pyrotechny, and will be controlled and governed by the same regulations which apply to Cadets.  The first element in a soldier's instruction is to learn respect for, and submission to, lawful authority, and no one will be received under any circumstances who is not willing to submit to this control.  The tendency of a state of war is to demoralize the soldier.  It is the high function of the Virginia Military Institute to restrain this tendency by imparting, as far as it may, the qualifying influences of discipline.  When the regular Academic exercises are resumed, the persons thus admitted to the privileges of Cadets, will be allowed to withdraw, or to continue the regular course of the Institute, at will, and in the mean time no charge will be made for tuition.  Deposit on admission $120.  Such portion to be refunded as may remain unexpended when the cadet leaves.","Estimated Expenses\nBoard per month $12.00\nWashing 1.50\nFuel and Lights per month 1.50\nMedical Fee per term, 5.00\nRoom furniture 5.00\nLibrary fee per term 2.00\nMusic fee per term 5.00\nContingencies, per month 6.00\nUniform, 12.00","May 13, 1861\nC. Damron Esq\nDr. Sir: Your sons will be red'd. and allowed to resign when they desire.  The above will give you necessary information.\nWilliam S. Polk","The printed portion of the document outlines the proposed training regimen and lists estimated monthly expenses. This particular document was mailed to Christopher Damron, a lawyer in Allegheny County, Virginia, who had inquired about enrolling his sons (they did not enroll). A handwritten note from VMI's treasurer William S. Polk to Damron appears at the bottom of the document.","The printed portion of the document outlines the proposed training regimen and lists estimated monthly expenses. 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Crutchfield.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePersons thus admitted will be organized into classes for instruction in infantry, artillery, and cavalry tactics, in field fortification, strategy and pyrotechny, and will be controlled and governed by the same regulations which apply to Cadets.  The first element in a soldier's instruction is to learn respect for, and submission to, lawful authority, and no one will be received under any circumstances who is not willing to submit to this control.  The tendency of a state of war is to demoralize the soldier.  It is the high function of the Virginia Military Institute to restrain this tendency by imparting, as far as it may, the qualifying influences of discipline.  When the regular Academic exercises are resumed, the persons thus admitted to the privileges of Cadets, will be allowed to withdraw, or to continue the regular course of the Institute, at will, and in the mean time no charge will be made for tuition.  Deposit on admission $120.  Such portion to be refunded as may remain unexpended when the cadet leaves.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEstimated Expenses\u003cbr\u003e\nBoard per month $12.00\u003cbr\u003e\nWashing 1.50\u003cbr\u003e\nFuel and Lights per month 1.50\u003cbr\u003e\nMedical Fee per term, 5.00\u003cbr\u003e\nRoom furniture 5.00\u003cbr\u003e\nLibrary fee per term 2.00\u003cbr\u003e\nMusic fee per term 5.00\u003cbr\u003e\nContingencies, per month 6.00\u003cbr\u003e\nUniform, 12.00\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 13, 1861\u003cbr\u003e\nC. Damron Esq\u003cbr\u003e\nDr. Sir: Your sons will be red'd. and allowed to resign when they desire.  The above will give you necessary information.\u003cbr\u003e\nWilliam S. Polk\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Transcription"],"odd_tesim":["Virginia Military Institute","As soon as the Cadets now in the field can be spared from the duties upon which they are now detached, they will return to the Institute, and regular Academic exercises will be resumed.","In the meantime, young men of good character, who desire the advantages of the military instruction of the Institution, theoretic as well as practical, will be admitted upon presenting themselves to the Acting Superintendent Major S. Crutchfield.","Persons thus admitted will be organized into classes for instruction in infantry, artillery, and cavalry tactics, in field fortification, strategy and pyrotechny, and will be controlled and governed by the same regulations which apply to Cadets.  The first element in a soldier's instruction is to learn respect for, and submission to, lawful authority, and no one will be received under any circumstances who is not willing to submit to this control.  The tendency of a state of war is to demoralize the soldier.  It is the high function of the Virginia Military Institute to restrain this tendency by imparting, as far as it may, the qualifying influences of discipline.  When the regular Academic exercises are resumed, the persons thus admitted to the privileges of Cadets, will be allowed to withdraw, or to continue the regular course of the Institute, at will, and in the mean time no charge will be made for tuition.  Deposit on admission $120.  Such portion to be refunded as may remain unexpended when the cadet leaves.","Estimated Expenses\nBoard per month $12.00\nWashing 1.50\nFuel and Lights per month 1.50\nMedical Fee per term, 5.00\nRoom furniture 5.00\nLibrary fee per term 2.00\nMusic fee per term 5.00\nContingencies, per month 6.00\nUniform, 12.00","May 13, 1861\nC. Damron Esq\nDr. Sir: Your sons will be red'd. and allowed to resign when they desire.  The above will give you necessary information.\nWilliam S. Polk"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVMI Civil War admissions circular, 1861 May 3. MS 0178. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["VMI Civil War admissions circular, 1861 May 3. MS 0178. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe printed portion of the document outlines the proposed training regimen and lists estimated monthly expenses. This particular document was mailed to Christopher Damron, a lawyer in Allegheny County, Virginia, who had inquired about enrolling his sons (they did not enroll). A handwritten note from VMI's treasurer William S. Polk to Damron appears at the bottom of the document.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThe printed portion of the document outlines the proposed training regimen and lists estimated monthly expenses. This particular document was mailed to Christopher Damron, a lawyer in Allegheny County, Virginia, who had inquired about enrolling his sons (they did not enroll). A handwritten note from VMI's treasurer William S. Polk to Damron appears at the bottom of the document.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The printed portion of the document outlines the proposed training regimen and lists estimated monthly expenses. This particular document was mailed to Christopher Damron, a lawyer in Allegheny County, Virginia, who had inquired about enrolling his sons (they did not enroll). A handwritten note from VMI's treasurer William S. Polk to Damron appears at the bottom of the document.","The printed portion of the document outlines the proposed training regimen and lists estimated monthly expenses. 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Back in Lexington, Virginia, VMI opened its doors to new students who desired a brief course in military training in preparation for entering the Confederate Army. This circular, printed in May 1861, was sent to these prospective cadets, who would be \"organized into classes for instruction in infantry, artillery, and cavalry tactics, in field fortification, strategy and pyrotechny....\" Most of these trainees stayed for three months or less.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["When the Civil War began in the Spring of 1861, most of the regularly enrolled cadets were sent to Richmond, Virginia, to serve as drillmasters for new Confederate States of America Army recruits. Back in Lexington, Virginia, VMI opened its doors to new students who desired a brief course in military training in preparation for entering the Confederate Army. This circular, printed in May 1861, was sent to these prospective cadets, who would be \"organized into classes for instruction in infantry, artillery, and cavalry tactics, in field fortification, strategy and pyrotechny....\" Most of these trainees stayed for three months or less."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVirginia Military Institute\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs soon as the Cadets now in the field can be spared from the duties upon which they are now detached, they will return to the Institute, and regular Academic exercises will be resumed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the meantime, young men of good character, who desire the advantages of the military instruction of the Institution, theoretic as well as practical, will be admitted upon presenting themselves to the Acting Superintendent Major S. Crutchfield.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePersons thus admitted will be organized into classes for instruction in infantry, artillery, and cavalry tactics, in field fortification, strategy and pyrotechny, and will be controlled and governed by the same regulations which apply to Cadets.  The first element in a soldier's instruction is to learn respect for, and submission to, lawful authority, and no one will be received under any circumstances who is not willing to submit to this control.  The tendency of a state of war is to demoralize the soldier.  It is the high function of the Virginia Military Institute to restrain this tendency by imparting, as far as it may, the qualifying influences of discipline.  When the regular Academic exercises are resumed, the persons thus admitted to the privileges of Cadets, will be allowed to withdraw, or to continue the regular course of the Institute, at will, and in the mean time no charge will be made for tuition.  Deposit on admission $120.  Such portion to be refunded as may remain unexpended when the cadet leaves.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEstimated Expenses\u003cbr\u003e\nBoard per month $12.00\u003cbr\u003e\nWashing 1.50\u003cbr\u003e\nFuel and Lights per month 1.50\u003cbr\u003e\nMedical Fee per term, 5.00\u003cbr\u003e\nRoom furniture 5.00\u003cbr\u003e\nLibrary fee per term 2.00\u003cbr\u003e\nMusic fee per term 5.00\u003cbr\u003e\nContingencies, per month 6.00\u003cbr\u003e\nUniform, 12.00\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 13, 1861\u003cbr\u003e\nC. Damron Esq\u003cbr\u003e\nDr. Sir: Your sons will be red'd. and allowed to resign when they desire.  The above will give you necessary information.\u003cbr\u003e\nWilliam S. Polk\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Transcription"],"odd_tesim":["Virginia Military Institute","As soon as the Cadets now in the field can be spared from the duties upon which they are now detached, they will return to the Institute, and regular Academic exercises will be resumed.","In the meantime, young men of good character, who desire the advantages of the military instruction of the Institution, theoretic as well as practical, will be admitted upon presenting themselves to the Acting Superintendent Major S. Crutchfield.","Persons thus admitted will be organized into classes for instruction in infantry, artillery, and cavalry tactics, in field fortification, strategy and pyrotechny, and will be controlled and governed by the same regulations which apply to Cadets.  The first element in a soldier's instruction is to learn respect for, and submission to, lawful authority, and no one will be received under any circumstances who is not willing to submit to this control.  The tendency of a state of war is to demoralize the soldier.  It is the high function of the Virginia Military Institute to restrain this tendency by imparting, as far as it may, the qualifying influences of discipline.  When the regular Academic exercises are resumed, the persons thus admitted to the privileges of Cadets, will be allowed to withdraw, or to continue the regular course of the Institute, at will, and in the mean time no charge will be made for tuition.  Deposit on admission $120.  Such portion to be refunded as may remain unexpended when the cadet leaves.","Estimated Expenses\nBoard per month $12.00\nWashing 1.50\nFuel and Lights per month 1.50\nMedical Fee per term, 5.00\nRoom furniture 5.00\nLibrary fee per term 2.00\nMusic fee per term 5.00\nContingencies, per month 6.00\nUniform, 12.00","May 13, 1861\nC. Damron Esq\nDr. Sir: Your sons will be red'd. and allowed to resign when they desire.  The above will give you necessary information.\nWilliam S. Polk"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVMI Civil War admissions circular, 1861 May 3. MS 0178. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["VMI Civil War admissions circular, 1861 May 3. MS 0178. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe printed portion of the document outlines the proposed training regimen and lists estimated monthly expenses. This particular document was mailed to Christopher Damron, a lawyer in Allegheny County, Virginia, who had inquired about enrolling his sons (they did not enroll). A handwritten note from VMI's treasurer William S. Polk to Damron appears at the bottom of the document.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThe printed portion of the document outlines the proposed training regimen and lists estimated monthly expenses. This particular document was mailed to Christopher Damron, a lawyer in Allegheny County, Virginia, who had inquired about enrolling his sons (they did not enroll). A handwritten note from VMI's treasurer William S. Polk to Damron appears at the bottom of the document.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The printed portion of the document outlines the proposed training regimen and lists estimated monthly expenses. This particular document was mailed to Christopher Damron, a lawyer in Allegheny County, Virginia, who had inquired about enrolling his sons (they did not enroll). A handwritten note from VMI's treasurer William S. Polk to Damron appears at the bottom of the document.","The printed portion of the document outlines the proposed training regimen and lists estimated monthly expenses. This particular document was mailed to Christopher Damron, a lawyer in Allegheny County, Virginia, who had inquired about enrolling his sons (they did not enroll). A handwritten note from VMI's treasurer William S. Polk to Damron appears at the bottom of the document."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_14422d399816e93c867111fdca6657c1\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Damron, Christopher"],"names_coll_ssim":["Damron, Christopher"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Damron, Christopher"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:59:54.976Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_258"}},{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_247_c03","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"VMI quarterly grade report, 1860","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_247_c03#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_247_c03","ref_ssm":["vilxv_repositories_3_resources_247_c03"],"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_247_c03","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_247","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_247","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_247","parent_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_247","parent_ssim":["Samuel Downing, Jr. papers, 1859/1860"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vilxv_repositories_3_resources_247"],"title_filing_ssi":"VMI quarterly grade report","title_ssm":["VMI quarterly grade report"],"title_tesim":["VMI quarterly grade report"],"normalized_title_ssm":["VMI quarterly grade report, 1860"],"text":["VMI quarterly grade report, 1860","Samuel Downing, Jr. papers, 1859/1860","Downing, Samuel, Jr., 1842-1885","Smith, Francis H. (Francis Henney), 1812-1890","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1862","Virginia Military Institute—Curricula","Academic records","English."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Samuel Downing, Jr. papers, 1859/1860"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Samuel Downing, Jr. papers, 1859/1860"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1860"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1860 July"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":3,"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Samuel Downing, Jr. papers, 1859/1860"],"creator_ssim":["Smith, Francis H. (Francis Henney), 1812-1890"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. 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Payne. He entered VMI as a third classman (sophomore) in August 1859 and graduated in December 1862. Downing joined the Confederate Army, serving throughout the Civil War with the 55th Virginia Infantry Regiment.","After the War, Downing was a teacher in Virginia, but subsequently moved to Baltimore, Maryland where he was engaged in the tobacco business. In 1865 he married Miss Betts of Northumberland County, Virginia and the couple had one son who died in infancy. Downing died in Baltimore on March 11, 1885 and is buried in London Park Cemetery.","Virginia Military Institute, Nov the 17 1859","Dear Pa,\nHaving promised to write to you after my arrival here, I this morning take my pen to fulfill my promise after a very refreshing night's rest, for I never was so much fatigued in my life as I was when I arrived here on yesterday morning about 12 o'clock after a march of nine miles and not having had any sleep [f]or two nights.","After leaving you on Friday we marched to the Fair Grounds where we went through the much talked of Shanghai Trot which was very much complimented by the immense concourse of people which witnessed our performance, and marched back to the city about 3 o'clock. We had another drill on Saturday morning and also dress parade in the Norfolk Military Academy Grounds, but it was so very small that we did not have sufficient space to drill in and we therefore remained a very short time and after spending Sunday and going to church and on Monday at 11 o'clock we marched down to the depot escorted by the volunteer companies of Norfolk and accompanied by a large number of people both male \u0026 female and at 12 we started en route for the V.M.I.\nWe reached Petersburg about 6 where we remained but a very short time but while we were there the boys made good use of their time in procuring crackers, apples, \u0026 everything that was eatable, not having had anything to eat since breakfast that morning. We then put on steam and arrived at Farmville about 12 o'clock where the boys did justice to a very good supper prepared for us and the way provisions disappeared is better imagined than described.","But in the mean time I ran in the Hotel and enquired for Cousin Giles \u0026 sister and to my great joy who should I see but Mr. Cutwell who was looking for me and he conducted me to the parlour where to my great joy I saw sister and remained with her all the time except a short time when I went to get a mouthful to eat. I never was so much overjoyed in my life. Cousin Giles was prevented from coming out on account of a very sore throat. Mr. Rice and a Miss Rice were also present. I gave her my likeness and remained with her until the last moment when I heard the whistle and was again hurried into the cars and reached Lynchburg the next morning not having slept a moment for the night, about 5 o'clock when we shouldered our guns and marched into town and a more woebegone set of fellows never was seen.","After eating breakfast we were marched up to the College Hill where Major Gilham drilled us for a couple of hours and after dinner we commenced our journey home by the worse mode of conveyance that ever was instituted, in a canal boat, a freight boat at that, where I passed one of the most miserable nights I ever did in my life. The old boat was loaded with rocks, and a rock was also my pillow with nothing but my overcoat and no fire and the water was frozen all around us and I did not sleep a moment for the night. And the next morning we got to the landing about 8 o'clock and we had to march 9 miles with our muskets strapped to us and you may imagine how I felt when I got here on yesterday morning. I went to bed as soon as I got here and waked up this morning very much refreshed.","As my paper is getting quite scarce and there is no news [illegible] and I must bring my letter to a close. Kiss little Robt. and my love to Jack, Bob, Aunt Emeline, Betsy \u0026 all relations.\nI remain your aff. son,\nSamuel Downing","The Samuel Downing, Jr. papers consist of three items, including:\n\nOne letter (November 17, 1859) from Downing to his father, in which he describes in detail a cadet trip to Norfolk, Virginia, including an interesting account of an uncomfortable canal boat journey\nOne list of demerits (April to June 1860)\nOne quarterly grade report (July 1860)","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards a cadet trip to Norfolk, Virginia, including an interesting account of an uncomfortable canal boat journey.","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Downing, Samuel, Jr., 1842-1885","Smith, Francis H. 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The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1850-1859","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1862","Virginia Military Institute—History—19th century","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1860-1869","Virginia Military Institute—Curricula","Correspondence","Academic records"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1850-1859","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1862","Virginia Military Institute—History—19th century","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1860-1869","Virginia Military Institute—Curricula","Correspondence","Academic records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3 items"],"extent_tesim":["3 items"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Academic records"],"date_range_isim":[1859,1860],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSamuel Downing, Jr. was born in 1842 in Lancaster, Virginia to Samuel Downing and Catherine E. Payne. He entered VMI as a third classman (sophomore) in August 1859 and graduated in December 1862. Downing joined the Confederate Army, serving throughout the Civil War with the 55th Virginia Infantry Regiment.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter the War, Downing was a teacher in Virginia, but subsequently moved to Baltimore, Maryland where he was engaged in the tobacco business. In 1865 he married Miss Betts of Northumberland County, Virginia and the couple had one son who died in infancy. Downing died in Baltimore on March 11, 1885 and is buried in London Park Cemetery.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Samuel Downing, Jr. was born in 1842 in Lancaster, Virginia to Samuel Downing and Catherine E. Payne. He entered VMI as a third classman (sophomore) in August 1859 and graduated in December 1862. Downing joined the Confederate Army, serving throughout the Civil War with the 55th Virginia Infantry Regiment.","After the War, Downing was a teacher in Virginia, but subsequently moved to Baltimore, Maryland where he was engaged in the tobacco business. In 1865 he married Miss Betts of Northumberland County, Virginia and the couple had one son who died in infancy. Downing died in Baltimore on March 11, 1885 and is buried in London Park Cemetery."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVirginia Military Institute, Nov the 17 1859\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDear Pa,\u003cbr\u003e\nHaving promised to write to you after my arrival here, I this morning take my pen to fulfill my promise after a very refreshing night's rest, for I never was so much fatigued in my life as I was when I arrived here on yesterday morning about 12 o'clock after a march of nine miles and not having had any sleep [f]or two nights.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter leaving you on Friday we marched to the Fair Grounds where we went through the much talked of Shanghai Trot which was very much complimented by the immense concourse of people which witnessed our performance, and marched back to the city about 3 o'clock. We had another drill on Saturday morning and also dress parade in the Norfolk Military Academy Grounds, but it was so very small that we did not have sufficient space to drill in and we therefore remained a very short time and after spending Sunday and going to church and on Monday at 11 o'clock we marched down to the depot escorted by the volunteer companies of Norfolk and accompanied by a large number of people both male \u0026amp; female and at 12 we started en route for the V.M.I.\nWe reached Petersburg about 6 where we remained but a very short time but while we were there the boys made good use of their time in procuring crackers, apples, \u0026amp; everything that was eatable, not having had anything to eat since breakfast that morning. We then put on steam and arrived at Farmville about 12 o'clock where the boys did justice to a very good supper prepared for us and the way provisions disappeared is better imagined than described.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBut in the mean time I ran in the Hotel and enquired for Cousin Giles \u0026amp; sister and to my great joy who should I see but Mr. Cutwell who was looking for me and he conducted me to the parlour where to my great joy I saw sister and remained with her all the time except a short time when I went to get a mouthful to eat. I never was so much overjoyed in my life. Cousin Giles was prevented from coming out on account of a very sore throat. Mr. Rice and a Miss Rice were also present. I gave her my likeness and remained with her until the last moment when I heard the whistle and was again hurried into the cars and reached Lynchburg the next morning not having slept a moment for the night, about 5 o'clock when we shouldered our guns and marched into town and a more woebegone set of fellows never was seen.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter eating breakfast we were marched up to the College Hill where Major Gilham drilled us for a couple of hours and after dinner we commenced our journey home by the worse mode of conveyance that ever was instituted, in a canal boat, a freight boat at that, where I passed one of the most miserable nights I ever did in my life. The old boat was loaded with rocks, and a rock was also my pillow with nothing but my overcoat and no fire and the water was frozen all around us and I did not sleep a moment for the night. And the next morning we got to the landing about 8 o'clock and we had to march 9 miles with our muskets strapped to us and you may imagine how I felt when I got here on yesterday morning. I went to bed as soon as I got here and waked up this morning very much refreshed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs my paper is getting quite scarce and there is no news [illegible] and I must bring my letter to a close. Kiss little Robt. and my love to Jack, Bob, Aunt Emeline, Betsy \u0026amp; all relations.\u003cbr\u003e\nI remain your aff. son,\u003cbr\u003e\nSamuel Downing\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Transcription"],"odd_tesim":["Virginia Military Institute, Nov the 17 1859","Dear Pa,\nHaving promised to write to you after my arrival here, I this morning take my pen to fulfill my promise after a very refreshing night's rest, for I never was so much fatigued in my life as I was when I arrived here on yesterday morning about 12 o'clock after a march of nine miles and not having had any sleep [f]or two nights.","After leaving you on Friday we marched to the Fair Grounds where we went through the much talked of Shanghai Trot which was very much complimented by the immense concourse of people which witnessed our performance, and marched back to the city about 3 o'clock. We had another drill on Saturday morning and also dress parade in the Norfolk Military Academy Grounds, but it was so very small that we did not have sufficient space to drill in and we therefore remained a very short time and after spending Sunday and going to church and on Monday at 11 o'clock we marched down to the depot escorted by the volunteer companies of Norfolk and accompanied by a large number of people both male \u0026 female and at 12 we started en route for the V.M.I.\nWe reached Petersburg about 6 where we remained but a very short time but while we were there the boys made good use of their time in procuring crackers, apples, \u0026 everything that was eatable, not having had anything to eat since breakfast that morning. We then put on steam and arrived at Farmville about 12 o'clock where the boys did justice to a very good supper prepared for us and the way provisions disappeared is better imagined than described.","But in the mean time I ran in the Hotel and enquired for Cousin Giles \u0026 sister and to my great joy who should I see but Mr. Cutwell who was looking for me and he conducted me to the parlour where to my great joy I saw sister and remained with her all the time except a short time when I went to get a mouthful to eat. I never was so much overjoyed in my life. Cousin Giles was prevented from coming out on account of a very sore throat. Mr. Rice and a Miss Rice were also present. I gave her my likeness and remained with her until the last moment when I heard the whistle and was again hurried into the cars and reached Lynchburg the next morning not having slept a moment for the night, about 5 o'clock when we shouldered our guns and marched into town and a more woebegone set of fellows never was seen.","After eating breakfast we were marched up to the College Hill where Major Gilham drilled us for a couple of hours and after dinner we commenced our journey home by the worse mode of conveyance that ever was instituted, in a canal boat, a freight boat at that, where I passed one of the most miserable nights I ever did in my life. The old boat was loaded with rocks, and a rock was also my pillow with nothing but my overcoat and no fire and the water was frozen all around us and I did not sleep a moment for the night. And the next morning we got to the landing about 8 o'clock and we had to march 9 miles with our muskets strapped to us and you may imagine how I felt when I got here on yesterday morning. I went to bed as soon as I got here and waked up this morning very much refreshed.","As my paper is getting quite scarce and there is no news [illegible] and I must bring my letter to a close. Kiss little Robt. and my love to Jack, Bob, Aunt Emeline, Betsy \u0026 all relations.\nI remain your aff. son,\nSamuel Downing"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSamuel Downing, Jr. papers, 1859-1860. MS 0167. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Samuel Downing, Jr. papers, 1859-1860. MS 0167. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Samuel Downing, Jr. papers consist of three items, including:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOne letter (November 17, 1859) from Downing to his father, in which he describes in detail a cadet trip to Norfolk, Virginia, including an interesting account of an uncomfortable canal boat journey\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOne list of demerits (April to June 1860)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOne quarterly grade report (July 1860)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards a cadet trip to Norfolk, Virginia, including an interesting account of an uncomfortable canal boat journey.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Samuel Downing, Jr. papers consist of three items, including:\n\nOne letter (November 17, 1859) from Downing to his father, in which he describes in detail a cadet trip to Norfolk, Virginia, including an interesting account of an uncomfortable canal boat journey\nOne list of demerits (April to June 1860)\nOne quarterly grade report (July 1860)","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards a cadet trip to Norfolk, Virginia, including an interesting account of an uncomfortable canal boat journey."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. 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During the Civil War he was a Lieutenant Colonel with the 36th Virginia Infantry. After the War, Fife was a farmer. He died in a railroad accident in 1891 in Puntnam County, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["William Estill Fife was born in 1834 in Charleston, West Virginia. He graduated from VMI in 1855. During the Civil War he was a Lieutenant Colonel with the 36th Virginia Infantry. After the War, Fife was a farmer. He died in a railroad accident in 1891 in Puntnam County, West Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilliam E. Fife quarterly grade report, 1852. MS 0345. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["William E. Fife quarterly grade report, 1852. MS 0345. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of one VMI quarterly grade report for Cadet William E. Fife, dated April 1, 1852. The document was completed and signed by Superintendent Francis H. Smith.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of one VMI quarterly grade report for Cadet William E. Fife, dated April 1, 1852. The document was completed and signed by Superintendent Francis H. Smith."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_a81639055e324f5c79bdaa99fff34f63\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Smith, Francis H. (Francis Henney), 1812-1890","Fife, William E. (William Estill), 1834-1891"],"names_coll_ssim":["Fife, William E. (William Estill), 1834-1891"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Smith, Francis H. (Francis Henney), 1812-1890","Fife, William E. 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Military Academy (June 1841)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA VMI weekly class report (circa 1860)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA dispatch signed by General Robert E. Lee\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCorrespondence, including a letter from Moses Ezekiel (VMI Class of 1866)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePhotographs where the subjects are Robert E. Lee, Gilham and his wife, Libby Prison, and Richmond, Virginia during the Civil War\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInvitations to social events in Lexington, Virginia from the McDowell Family\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_349#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_349","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_349","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_349","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_349","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_349.xml","title_ssm":["William Gilham papers"],"title_tesim":["William Gilham papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1846-1861"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1846-1861"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1846/1861"],"normalized_title_ssm":["William Gilham papers, 1846/1861"],"text":["William Gilham papers, 1846/1861","MS.0267","/repositories/3/resources/349","Libby Prison -- Photographs","Richmond (Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Photographs","Virginia Military Institute—Faculty","Virginia Military Institute—History—19th century","Lexington (Va.) -- Social life and customs","United States Military Academy—History—19th century","Virginia Military Institute—Curricula","Correspondence","Dispatches","There are no restrictions","Selected images from this collection are avaliable online","William Gilham was born in 1818 in Vincennes, Indiana. He graduated from the United States Military Academy Class in 1840. He was a United States Army officer and a VMI faculty member from 1846 to 1864. Gilham died in 1872 in Vermont.","This collection consists of the papers (21 items) of 19th century VMI faculty member William Gilham, including:\n\nOfficial Register of the Officers and Cadets of the U. S. Military Academy (June 1841)\nA VMI weekly class report (circa 1860)\nA dispatch signed by General Robert E. Lee\nCorrespondence, including a letter from Moses Ezekiel (VMI Class of 1866)\nPhotographs where the subjects are Robert E. Lee, Gilham and his wife, Libby Prison, and Richmond, Virginia during the Civil War\nInvitations to social events in Lexington, Virginia from the McDowell Family","Dispatch ordering William Gilham to muster troops and \"oppose the progress of the enemy\" in the vicinity of Staunton, Virginia.","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Gilham, William, 1818-1872","Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917","Gilham, Cordelia Hayden","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["William Gilham papers, 1846/1861"],"collection_ssim":["William Gilham papers, 1846/1861"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0267","/repositories/3/resources/349"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0267","/repositories/3/resources/349"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Libby Prison -- Photographs","Richmond (Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Photographs"],"geogname_ssim":["Libby Prison -- Photographs","Richmond (Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Photographs"],"places_ssim":["Libby Prison -- Photographs","Richmond (Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Photographs"],"creator_ssm":["Gilham, William, 1818-1872","Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917"],"creator_ssim":["Gilham, William, 1818-1872","Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Gilham, William, 1818-1872","Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917","Gilham, Cordelia Hayden","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creators_ssim":["Gilham, William, 1818-1872","Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917","Gilham, Cordelia Hayden","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute—Faculty","Virginia Military Institute—History—19th century","Lexington (Va.) -- Social life and customs","United States Military Academy—History—19th century","Virginia Military Institute—Curricula","Correspondence","Dispatches"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute—Faculty","Virginia Military Institute—History—19th century","Lexington (Va.) -- Social life and customs","United States Military Academy—History—19th century","Virginia Military Institute—Curricula","Correspondence","Dispatches"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["21 items"],"extent_tesim":["21 items"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Dispatches"],"date_range_isim":[1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions"],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/search/collection/p15821coll7/field/physic/searchterm/Gilham\"\u003eSelected images from this collection are avaliable online\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Online Access Photographs"],"altformavail_tesim":["Selected images from this collection are avaliable online"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilliam Gilham was born in 1818 in Vincennes, Indiana. He graduated from the United States Military Academy Class in 1840. He was a United States Army officer and a VMI faculty member from 1846 to 1864. Gilham died in 1872 in Vermont.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["William Gilham was born in 1818 in Vincennes, Indiana. He graduated from the United States Military Academy Class in 1840. He was a United States Army officer and a VMI faculty member from 1846 to 1864. Gilham died in 1872 in Vermont."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilliam Gilham papers. Manuscript # 0267, Virginia Military Institute Archives\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["William Gilham papers. Manuscript # 0267, Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of the papers (21 items) of 19th century VMI faculty member William Gilham, including:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOfficial Register of the Officers and Cadets of the U. S. Military Academy (June 1841)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA VMI weekly class report (circa 1860)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA dispatch signed by General Robert E. Lee\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCorrespondence, including a letter from Moses Ezekiel (VMI Class of 1866)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePhotographs where the subjects are Robert E. Lee, Gilham and his wife, Libby Prison, and Richmond, Virginia during the Civil War\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInvitations to social events in Lexington, Virginia from the McDowell Family\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eDispatch ordering William Gilham to muster troops and \"oppose the progress of the enemy\" in the vicinity of Staunton, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of the papers (21 items) of 19th century VMI faculty member William Gilham, including:\n\nOfficial Register of the Officers and Cadets of the U. S. Military Academy (June 1841)\nA VMI weekly class report (circa 1860)\nA dispatch signed by General Robert E. Lee\nCorrespondence, including a letter from Moses Ezekiel (VMI Class of 1866)\nPhotographs where the subjects are Robert E. Lee, Gilham and his wife, Libby Prison, and Richmond, Virginia during the Civil War\nInvitations to social events in Lexington, Virginia from the McDowell Family","Dispatch ordering William Gilham to muster troops and \"oppose the progress of the enemy\" in the vicinity of Staunton, Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_4883d5364ee58154b4b0a747c0462e50\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Gilham, William, 1818-1872","Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917","Gilham, Cordelia Hayden","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870"],"names_coll_ssim":["Gilham, Cordelia Hayden"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Gilham, William, 1818-1872","Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917","Gilham, Cordelia Hayden","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:59:54.976Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_349","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_349","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_349","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_349","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_349.xml","title_ssm":["William Gilham papers"],"title_tesim":["William Gilham papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1846-1861"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1846-1861"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1846/1861"],"normalized_title_ssm":["William Gilham papers, 1846/1861"],"text":["William Gilham papers, 1846/1861","MS.0267","/repositories/3/resources/349","Libby Prison -- Photographs","Richmond (Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Photographs","Virginia Military Institute—Faculty","Virginia Military Institute—History—19th century","Lexington (Va.) -- Social life and customs","United States Military Academy—History—19th century","Virginia Military Institute—Curricula","Correspondence","Dispatches","There are no restrictions","Selected images from this collection are avaliable online","William Gilham was born in 1818 in Vincennes, Indiana. He graduated from the United States Military Academy Class in 1840. He was a United States Army officer and a VMI faculty member from 1846 to 1864. Gilham died in 1872 in Vermont.","This collection consists of the papers (21 items) of 19th century VMI faculty member William Gilham, including:\n\nOfficial Register of the Officers and Cadets of the U. S. Military Academy (June 1841)\nA VMI weekly class report (circa 1860)\nA dispatch signed by General Robert E. Lee\nCorrespondence, including a letter from Moses Ezekiel (VMI Class of 1866)\nPhotographs where the subjects are Robert E. Lee, Gilham and his wife, Libby Prison, and Richmond, Virginia during the Civil War\nInvitations to social events in Lexington, Virginia from the McDowell Family","Dispatch ordering William Gilham to muster troops and \"oppose the progress of the enemy\" in the vicinity of Staunton, Virginia.","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Gilham, William, 1818-1872","Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917","Gilham, Cordelia Hayden","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["William Gilham papers, 1846/1861"],"collection_ssim":["William Gilham papers, 1846/1861"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0267","/repositories/3/resources/349"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0267","/repositories/3/resources/349"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Libby Prison -- Photographs","Richmond (Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Photographs"],"geogname_ssim":["Libby Prison -- Photographs","Richmond (Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Photographs"],"places_ssim":["Libby Prison -- Photographs","Richmond (Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Photographs"],"creator_ssm":["Gilham, William, 1818-1872","Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917"],"creator_ssim":["Gilham, William, 1818-1872","Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Gilham, William, 1818-1872","Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917","Gilham, Cordelia Hayden","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creators_ssim":["Gilham, William, 1818-1872","Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917","Gilham, Cordelia Hayden","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute—Faculty","Virginia Military Institute—History—19th century","Lexington (Va.) -- Social life and customs","United States Military Academy—History—19th century","Virginia Military Institute—Curricula","Correspondence","Dispatches"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute—Faculty","Virginia Military Institute—History—19th century","Lexington (Va.) -- Social life and customs","United States Military Academy—History—19th century","Virginia Military Institute—Curricula","Correspondence","Dispatches"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["21 items"],"extent_tesim":["21 items"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Dispatches"],"date_range_isim":[1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions"],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/search/collection/p15821coll7/field/physic/searchterm/Gilham\"\u003eSelected images from this collection are avaliable online\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Online Access Photographs"],"altformavail_tesim":["Selected images from this collection are avaliable online"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilliam Gilham was born in 1818 in Vincennes, Indiana. He graduated from the United States Military Academy Class in 1840. He was a United States Army officer and a VMI faculty member from 1846 to 1864. Gilham died in 1872 in Vermont.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["William Gilham was born in 1818 in Vincennes, Indiana. He graduated from the United States Military Academy Class in 1840. He was a United States Army officer and a VMI faculty member from 1846 to 1864. Gilham died in 1872 in Vermont."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilliam Gilham papers. Manuscript # 0267, Virginia Military Institute Archives\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["William Gilham papers. Manuscript # 0267, Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of the papers (21 items) of 19th century VMI faculty member William Gilham, including:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOfficial Register of the Officers and Cadets of the U. S. Military Academy (June 1841)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA VMI weekly class report (circa 1860)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA dispatch signed by General Robert E. Lee\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCorrespondence, including a letter from Moses Ezekiel (VMI Class of 1866)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePhotographs where the subjects are Robert E. Lee, Gilham and his wife, Libby Prison, and Richmond, Virginia during the Civil War\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInvitations to social events in Lexington, Virginia from the McDowell Family\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eDispatch ordering William Gilham to muster troops and \"oppose the progress of the enemy\" in the vicinity of Staunton, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of the papers (21 items) of 19th century VMI faculty member William Gilham, including:\n\nOfficial Register of the Officers and Cadets of the U. S. Military Academy (June 1841)\nA VMI weekly class report (circa 1860)\nA dispatch signed by General Robert E. Lee\nCorrespondence, including a letter from Moses Ezekiel (VMI Class of 1866)\nPhotographs where the subjects are Robert E. Lee, Gilham and his wife, Libby Prison, and Richmond, Virginia during the Civil War\nInvitations to social events in Lexington, Virginia from the McDowell Family","Dispatch ordering William Gilham to muster troops and \"oppose the progress of the enemy\" in the vicinity of Staunton, Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_4883d5364ee58154b4b0a747c0462e50\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Gilham, William, 1818-1872","Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917","Gilham, Cordelia Hayden","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870"],"names_coll_ssim":["Gilham, Cordelia Hayden"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Gilham, William, 1818-1872","Ezekiel, Moses J. (Moses Jacob), 1844-1917","Gilham, Cordelia Hayden","Lee, Robert E. 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The notebook includes:\n\nClass notes for courses in mineralogy, civil and military engineering, and chemistry\nA copy of a lecture by Superintendent Francis H. Smith (\"Lecture to the 1st Class on Moral Sense, November 5, 1872\")\nGrade reports in chemistry, physiology, Latin, and astronomy"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no known restrictions. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any claimants of copyright. The VMI Archives must be cited as the source of the content in publication. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no known restrictions. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any claimants of copyright. The VMI Archives must be cited as the source of the content in publication. 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