{"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Military+Institute%E2%80%94Civil+War%2C+1861-1865\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1861","next":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Military+Institute%E2%80%94Civil+War%2C+1861-1865\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1861\u0026page=2","last":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Military+Institute%E2%80%94Civil+War%2C+1861-1865\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1861\u0026page=2"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":2,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":2,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":13,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_582","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_582#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Gatewood, Andrew C. L. (Andrew Cameron Lewis), 1843-1919","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_582#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers consist of 28 letters (dated 1860-1864) written by Gatewood to his parents and other family members. Early letters describe life at VMI and in Lexington, Virginia, just prior to and during early months of the Civil War. Subsequent letters date from Gatewood's service with the 11th Virginia Cavalry Regiment, Company F (Bath Squadron), including a letter (dated September 1862) written after the Second Battle of Manassas (2nd Bull Run). \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_582#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_582","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_582","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_582","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_582","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_582.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vmi/vilxv00001.xml","title_ssm":["Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers"],"title_tesim":["Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1860-1993"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1860-1993"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0068","/repositories/3/resources/582"],"text":["MS.0068","/repositories/3/resources/582","Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1860-1869","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Cavalry Regiment, 11th","Bull Run, 2nd Battle of, Va., 1862","Soldiers—Virginia—Correspondence","Lexington (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia Military Institute—Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1864","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","Correspondence","Account Books","Manuscripts","Clippings","There are no restrictions.","A bulk of the Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers are avaliable \n online .","A photograph of Gatewood is also avaliable  online .","Andrew Cameron Lewis Gatewood was born at Mountain Grove, Bath County, Virginia, on June 30, 1843 to Samuel Vance Gatewood (1810-1861) and Eugenia Sophia Massie (1819-1884). He entered the VMI in July 1860, where he served as a cadet until the outbreak of the Civil War in April 1861. On April 16, 1861, he accompanied the Corps of Cadets to Richmond, Virginia where he served as a drillmaster to new\nConfederate recruits. Gatewood subsequently served in the same capacity under General Robert S. Garnett at Laurel Hill, Barbour County, West Virginia. He joined the 11th Virginia Cavalry Regiment in March 1862 and was elected 2nd Lieutenant,\n\"F\" Company (Bath Squadron). He served in this unit until the end of the War.","At the close of the Civil War, Gatewood returned to Bath County. His father had died suddenly in 1861 without leaving a will, and as the oldest son, he took on responsibility for his family's affairs. He married his childhood sweetheart, Mary Skillern Warwick (1845-1922) in 1869 and the couple had seven children: William Beale, Eugene Samuel, Massie Cameron, Andrew Warwick, Mary Preston, Eliza Pleasants, and one child who died in infancy. The couple moved to Big Spring, Pocahontas County, West Virginia in 1877 where Gatewood spent the remainder of his life working as a farmer and stock raiser. He died on July 31, 1919.","The bulk of the Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers consist of 28 letters (dated 1860-1864) written by Gatewood to his parents and other family members. Early letters describe life at VMI and in Lexington, Virginia, just prior to and during early months of the Civil War. Subsequent letters date from Gatewood's service with the 11th Virginia Cavalry Regiment, Company F (Bath Squadron), including a letter (dated September 1862) written after the Second Battle of Manassas (2nd Bull Run). ","The papers also include a \"History of the Bath Squadron,\" consisting of a manuscript fragment, copies of a series of published newspaper articles concerning the unit, and an edited transcription, publications concerning Confederate veteran reunions, and Gatewood's VMI cadet account book.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards initiation of new cadets, early reference to term \"rat\" as a name for a new cadet, complaints of homesickness, and comments on living in camp.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes daily routine of cadets, life in camp, and difficulty of studies.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes dismantling summer camp and moving into barracks.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses family matters, including court summons.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses examinations, Christmas at VMI, and the secession of South Carolina.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter mentions examinations and the secession of South Carolina.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter informs his parents that he did well on his examinations and gives his class standing. The letter also mentions the secession of Florida and other states.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses the family's runaway slave, Jesse, and mentions willingness of cadets to fight to \"save Virginia.\"","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses general news, including an invitation to a party, his studies, and a request for money.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses squad drill, general news, and speculates about Virginia secession and the War.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses the need for new summer pants and the high price of cloth.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses general news, living in barracks, and anxiety about the return to summer camp in July.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes the \"flag raising incident,\" a confrontation between Lexington secessionists (including cadets), and pro-Union citizens.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes excitement among VMI cadets as Virginia decides to secede, suspension of academic duty, and cadet preparation for war.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter informs his parents that the Corps of Cadets will be ordered to Richmond, Virginia probably to drill recruits.","Written from Richmond, Virginia. Letter describes the cadets' journey from Lexington, Virginia to Richmond and more news of drilling new recruits.","Written from Richmond, Virginia. Letter informs his parents that he is drilling a company of new recruits and hopes for a commission.","Written from Ashland, Virginia. Letter discusses a transfer to the Ashland Camp of Instruction to drill army recruits.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Andrew C. L. Gatewood has returned to VMI to drill new cadets and University of Virginia students who are at VMI to receive training. Letter includes a complaint that he is not paid for his services and is still expected to pay room and board and the hopes to get a furlough.","Written from Mountain Grove, Virginia. Letter discusses preparations to serve as drillmaster with the 81st regiment.","Written from Manassas, Virginia. Letter describes the Second Battle of Manassas.","Written from Edinburg, Virginia. Letter discusses potential to be sent to Harrisonburg, Virginia and mentions victory at Vicksburg, Virginia.","Written from the 11th Regiment camp. Letter regards general news.","Written from Falling Springs Church, Rockbridge County, Virginia. Letter regards regiment encampment.","Letter written from the 11th Regiment camp. Letter regards the regiment's presention of the VMI Corps of Cadets with a captured flag and a review of troops by General Smith.","Written from Waynesboro, Virginia. Letter regards camp at Waynesboro and expected orders to march and battle.","Written from Waynesboro, Virginia. Letter regards that the brigade is ordered to eastern Virginia.","Written from the 11th Regiment camp. Letter regards general news from camp.","Account book contains entries for cadet expenses from July 31, 1860 to May 22, 1861.","Partial \"History of the Bath Squadron or Recollections of Thirty Years Ago\" manuscript in Andrew C. L. Gatewood's hand.","\"History of the Bath Squadron\" typescript with annotations by C.L. Gatewood's grandson, John M. Dunlap, Jr. Included is a 5.25 inch floppy disk that contains a digital version of the typescript.","Written by Dr. Hunter McGuire, Chairman. Report read by the committee chairman in Richmond, Virginia on June 5, 1899.","Written by J. Coleman Alderson. Pamphlet contains \"speeches, engravings of the speakers, and General Officers of this Division, with other prominent West Virginia Confederates.\"","Document was printed for the \"27th Reunion...United Confederate Veterans 22nd Annual Reunion...Sons of Veterans\" held in Washington, D.C. from June 4 to 8, 1917.","Proceedings of the 27th Annual Reunion of the Confederate Veterans, the 18th Annual Convention of the Confederated Southern Memorial Association, and the 22nd Annual Reunion of the Sons of Confederate Veterans held in Washington D.C. from June 4 to 7, 1917.","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","United Confederate Veterans","Gatewood, Andrew C. L. (Andrew Cameron Lewis), 1843-1919","Dunlap, John M., Jr. (John McKee), 1917-?","Smith, Francis H. (Francis Henney), 1812-1890","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0068","/repositories/3/resources/582"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers"],"collection_ssim":["Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Gatewood, Andrew C. L. (Andrew Cameron Lewis), 1843-1919","Dunlap, John M., Jr. (John McKee), 1917-?"],"creator_ssim":["Gatewood, Andrew C. L. (Andrew Cameron Lewis), 1843-1919","Dunlap, John M., Jr. (John McKee), 1917-?"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Gatewood, Andrew C. L. (Andrew Cameron Lewis), 1843-1919","Dunlap, John M., Jr. (John McKee), 1917-?"],"creators_ssim":["Gatewood, Andrew C. L. (Andrew Cameron Lewis), 1843-1919","Dunlap, John M., Jr. (John McKee), 1917-?"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1860-1869","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Cavalry Regiment, 11th","Bull Run, 2nd Battle of, Va., 1862","Soldiers—Virginia—Correspondence","Lexington (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia Military Institute—Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1864","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","Correspondence","Account Books","Manuscripts","Clippings"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1860-1869","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Cavalry Regiment, 11th","Bull Run, 2nd Battle of, Va., 1862","Soldiers—Virginia—Correspondence","Lexington (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia Military Institute—Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1864","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","Correspondence","Account Books","Manuscripts","Clippings"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["35 items"],"extent_tesim":["35 items"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Account Books","Manuscripts","Clippings"],"date_range_isim":[1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA bulk of the Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers are avaliable \n\u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p15821coll11/id/1918\"\u003eonline\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA photograph of Gatewood is also avaliable \u003ca href=\"http://cdm15821.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15821coll7/id/3240\"\u003eonline\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Online Access"],"altformavail_tesim":["A bulk of the Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers are avaliable \n online .","A photograph of Gatewood is also avaliable  online ."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAndrew Cameron Lewis Gatewood was born at Mountain Grove, Bath County, Virginia, on June 30, 1843 to Samuel Vance Gatewood (1810-1861) and Eugenia Sophia Massie (1819-1884). He entered the VMI in July 1860, where he served as a cadet until the outbreak of the Civil War in April 1861. On April 16, 1861, he accompanied the Corps of Cadets to Richmond, Virginia where he served as a drillmaster to new\nConfederate recruits. Gatewood subsequently served in the same capacity under General Robert S. Garnett at Laurel Hill, Barbour County, West Virginia. He joined the 11th Virginia Cavalry Regiment in March 1862 and was elected 2nd Lieutenant,\n\"F\" Company (Bath Squadron). He served in this unit until the end of the War.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAt the close of the Civil War, Gatewood returned to Bath County. His father had died suddenly in 1861 without leaving a will, and as the oldest son, he took on responsibility for his family's affairs. He married his childhood sweetheart, Mary Skillern Warwick (1845-1922) in 1869 and the couple had seven children: William Beale, Eugene Samuel, Massie Cameron, Andrew Warwick, Mary Preston, Eliza Pleasants, and one child who died in infancy. The couple moved to Big Spring, Pocahontas County, West Virginia in 1877 where Gatewood spent the remainder of his life working as a farmer and stock raiser. He died on July 31, 1919.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Andrew Cameron Lewis Gatewood was born at Mountain Grove, Bath County, Virginia, on June 30, 1843 to Samuel Vance Gatewood (1810-1861) and Eugenia Sophia Massie (1819-1884). He entered the VMI in July 1860, where he served as a cadet until the outbreak of the Civil War in April 1861. On April 16, 1861, he accompanied the Corps of Cadets to Richmond, Virginia where he served as a drillmaster to new\nConfederate recruits. Gatewood subsequently served in the same capacity under General Robert S. Garnett at Laurel Hill, Barbour County, West Virginia. He joined the 11th Virginia Cavalry Regiment in March 1862 and was elected 2nd Lieutenant,\n\"F\" Company (Bath Squadron). He served in this unit until the end of the War.","At the close of the Civil War, Gatewood returned to Bath County. His father had died suddenly in 1861 without leaving a will, and as the oldest son, he took on responsibility for his family's affairs. He married his childhood sweetheart, Mary Skillern Warwick (1845-1922) in 1869 and the couple had seven children: William Beale, Eugene Samuel, Massie Cameron, Andrew Warwick, Mary Preston, Eliza Pleasants, and one child who died in infancy. The couple moved to Big Spring, Pocahontas County, West Virginia in 1877 where Gatewood spent the remainder of his life working as a farmer and stock raiser. He died on July 31, 1919."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAndrew C. L. Gatewood papers, 1860-1993. MS 0068. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers, 1860-1993. MS 0068. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers consist of 28 letters (dated 1860-1864) written by Gatewood to his parents and other family members. Early letters describe life at VMI and in Lexington, Virginia, just prior to and during early months of the Civil War. Subsequent letters date from Gatewood's service with the 11th Virginia Cavalry Regiment, Company F (Bath Squadron), including a letter (dated September 1862) written after the Second Battle of Manassas (2nd Bull Run). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe papers also include a \"History of the Bath Squadron,\" consisting of a manuscript fragment, copies of a series of published newspaper articles concerning the unit, and an edited transcription, publications concerning Confederate veteran reunions, and Gatewood's VMI cadet account book.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards initiation of new cadets, early reference to term \"rat\" as a name for a new cadet, complaints of homesickness, and comments on living in camp.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes daily routine of cadets, life in camp, and difficulty of studies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes dismantling summer camp and moving into barracks.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses family matters, including court summons.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses examinations, Christmas at VMI, and the secession of South Carolina.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter mentions examinations and the secession of South Carolina.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter informs his parents that he did well on his examinations and gives his class standing. The letter also mentions the secession of Florida and other states.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses the family's runaway slave, Jesse, and mentions willingness of cadets to fight to \"save Virginia.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses general news, including an invitation to a party, his studies, and a request for money.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses squad drill, general news, and speculates about Virginia secession and the War.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses the need for new summer pants and the high price of cloth.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses general news, living in barracks, and anxiety about the return to summer camp in July.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes the \"flag raising incident,\" a confrontation between Lexington secessionists (including cadets), and pro-Union citizens.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes excitement among VMI cadets as Virginia decides to secede, suspension of academic duty, and cadet preparation for war.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter informs his parents that the Corps of Cadets will be ordered to Richmond, Virginia probably to drill recruits.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Richmond, Virginia. Letter describes the cadets' journey from Lexington, Virginia to Richmond and more news of drilling new recruits.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Richmond, Virginia. Letter informs his parents that he is drilling a company of new recruits and hopes for a commission.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Ashland, Virginia. Letter discusses a transfer to the Ashland Camp of Instruction to drill army recruits.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Andrew C. L. Gatewood has returned to VMI to drill new cadets and University of Virginia students who are at VMI to receive training. Letter includes a complaint that he is not paid for his services and is still expected to pay room and board and the hopes to get a furlough.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Mountain Grove, Virginia. Letter discusses preparations to serve as drillmaster with the 81st regiment.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Manassas, Virginia. Letter describes the Second Battle of Manassas.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Edinburg, Virginia. Letter discusses potential to be sent to Harrisonburg, Virginia and mentions victory at Vicksburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from the 11th Regiment camp. Letter regards general news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Falling Springs Church, Rockbridge County, Virginia. Letter regards regiment encampment.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter written from the 11th Regiment camp. Letter regards the regiment's presention of the VMI Corps of Cadets with a captured flag and a review of troops by General Smith.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Waynesboro, Virginia. Letter regards camp at Waynesboro and expected orders to march and battle.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Waynesboro, Virginia. Letter regards that the brigade is ordered to eastern Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from the 11th Regiment camp. Letter regards general news from camp.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccount book contains entries for cadet expenses from July 31, 1860 to May 22, 1861.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePartial \"History of the Bath Squadron or Recollections of Thirty Years Ago\" manuscript in Andrew C. L. Gatewood's hand.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"History of the Bath Squadron\" typescript with annotations by C.L. Gatewood's grandson, John M. Dunlap, Jr. Included is a 5.25 inch floppy disk that contains a digital version of the typescript.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten by Dr. Hunter McGuire, Chairman. Report read by the committee chairman in Richmond, Virginia on June 5, 1899.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten by J. Coleman Alderson. Pamphlet contains \"speeches, engravings of the speakers, and General Officers of this Division, with other prominent West Virginia Confederates.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocument was printed for the \"27th Reunion...United Confederate Veterans 22nd Annual Reunion...Sons of Veterans\" held in Washington, D.C. from June 4 to 8, 1917.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProceedings of the 27th Annual Reunion of the Confederate Veterans, the 18th Annual Convention of the Confederated Southern Memorial Association, and the 22nd Annual Reunion of the Sons of Confederate Veterans held in Washington D.C. from June 4 to 7, 1917.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The bulk of the Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers consist of 28 letters (dated 1860-1864) written by Gatewood to his parents and other family members. Early letters describe life at VMI and in Lexington, Virginia, just prior to and during early months of the Civil War. Subsequent letters date from Gatewood's service with the 11th Virginia Cavalry Regiment, Company F (Bath Squadron), including a letter (dated September 1862) written after the Second Battle of Manassas (2nd Bull Run). ","The papers also include a \"History of the Bath Squadron,\" consisting of a manuscript fragment, copies of a series of published newspaper articles concerning the unit, and an edited transcription, publications concerning Confederate veteran reunions, and Gatewood's VMI cadet account book.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards initiation of new cadets, early reference to term \"rat\" as a name for a new cadet, complaints of homesickness, and comments on living in camp.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes daily routine of cadets, life in camp, and difficulty of studies.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes dismantling summer camp and moving into barracks.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses family matters, including court summons.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses examinations, Christmas at VMI, and the secession of South Carolina.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter mentions examinations and the secession of South Carolina.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter informs his parents that he did well on his examinations and gives his class standing. The letter also mentions the secession of Florida and other states.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses the family's runaway slave, Jesse, and mentions willingness of cadets to fight to \"save Virginia.\"","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses general news, including an invitation to a party, his studies, and a request for money.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses squad drill, general news, and speculates about Virginia secession and the War.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses the need for new summer pants and the high price of cloth.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses general news, living in barracks, and anxiety about the return to summer camp in July.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes the \"flag raising incident,\" a confrontation between Lexington secessionists (including cadets), and pro-Union citizens.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes excitement among VMI cadets as Virginia decides to secede, suspension of academic duty, and cadet preparation for war.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter informs his parents that the Corps of Cadets will be ordered to Richmond, Virginia probably to drill recruits.","Written from Richmond, Virginia. Letter describes the cadets' journey from Lexington, Virginia to Richmond and more news of drilling new recruits.","Written from Richmond, Virginia. Letter informs his parents that he is drilling a company of new recruits and hopes for a commission.","Written from Ashland, Virginia. Letter discusses a transfer to the Ashland Camp of Instruction to drill army recruits.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Andrew C. L. Gatewood has returned to VMI to drill new cadets and University of Virginia students who are at VMI to receive training. Letter includes a complaint that he is not paid for his services and is still expected to pay room and board and the hopes to get a furlough.","Written from Mountain Grove, Virginia. Letter discusses preparations to serve as drillmaster with the 81st regiment.","Written from Manassas, Virginia. Letter describes the Second Battle of Manassas.","Written from Edinburg, Virginia. Letter discusses potential to be sent to Harrisonburg, Virginia and mentions victory at Vicksburg, Virginia.","Written from the 11th Regiment camp. Letter regards general news.","Written from Falling Springs Church, Rockbridge County, Virginia. Letter regards regiment encampment.","Letter written from the 11th Regiment camp. Letter regards the regiment's presention of the VMI Corps of Cadets with a captured flag and a review of troops by General Smith.","Written from Waynesboro, Virginia. Letter regards camp at Waynesboro and expected orders to march and battle.","Written from Waynesboro, Virginia. Letter regards that the brigade is ordered to eastern Virginia.","Written from the 11th Regiment camp. Letter regards general news from camp.","Account book contains entries for cadet expenses from July 31, 1860 to May 22, 1861.","Partial \"History of the Bath Squadron or Recollections of Thirty Years Ago\" manuscript in Andrew C. L. Gatewood's hand.","\"History of the Bath Squadron\" typescript with annotations by C.L. Gatewood's grandson, John M. Dunlap, Jr. Included is a 5.25 inch floppy disk that contains a digital version of the typescript.","Written by Dr. Hunter McGuire, Chairman. Report read by the committee chairman in Richmond, Virginia on June 5, 1899.","Written by J. Coleman Alderson. Pamphlet contains \"speeches, engravings of the speakers, and General Officers of this Division, with other prominent West Virginia Confederates.\"","Document was printed for the \"27th Reunion...United Confederate Veterans 22nd Annual Reunion...Sons of Veterans\" held in Washington, D.C. from June 4 to 8, 1917.","Proceedings of the 27th Annual Reunion of the Confederate Veterans, the 18th Annual Convention of the Confederated Southern Memorial Association, and the 22nd Annual Reunion of the Sons of Confederate Veterans held in Washington D.C. from June 4 to 7, 1917."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_f3d0ffdf4864efbcf325abc5200c0bf2\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","United Confederate Veterans","Gatewood, Andrew C. L. (Andrew Cameron Lewis), 1843-1919","Dunlap, John M., Jr. (John McKee), 1917-?","Smith, Francis H. (Francis Henney), 1812-1890"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","United Confederate Veterans"],"persname_ssim":["Gatewood, Andrew C. L. (Andrew Cameron Lewis), 1843-1919","Dunlap, John M., Jr. (John McKee), 1917-?","Smith, Francis H. (Francis Henney), 1812-1890"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":46,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:10:42.873Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_582","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_582","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_582","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_582","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_582.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vmi/vilxv00001.xml","title_ssm":["Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers"],"title_tesim":["Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1860-1993"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1860-1993"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0068","/repositories/3/resources/582"],"text":["MS.0068","/repositories/3/resources/582","Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1860-1869","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Cavalry Regiment, 11th","Bull Run, 2nd Battle of, Va., 1862","Soldiers—Virginia—Correspondence","Lexington (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia Military Institute—Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1864","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","Correspondence","Account Books","Manuscripts","Clippings","There are no restrictions.","A bulk of the Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers are avaliable \n online .","A photograph of Gatewood is also avaliable  online .","Andrew Cameron Lewis Gatewood was born at Mountain Grove, Bath County, Virginia, on June 30, 1843 to Samuel Vance Gatewood (1810-1861) and Eugenia Sophia Massie (1819-1884). He entered the VMI in July 1860, where he served as a cadet until the outbreak of the Civil War in April 1861. On April 16, 1861, he accompanied the Corps of Cadets to Richmond, Virginia where he served as a drillmaster to new\nConfederate recruits. Gatewood subsequently served in the same capacity under General Robert S. Garnett at Laurel Hill, Barbour County, West Virginia. He joined the 11th Virginia Cavalry Regiment in March 1862 and was elected 2nd Lieutenant,\n\"F\" Company (Bath Squadron). He served in this unit until the end of the War.","At the close of the Civil War, Gatewood returned to Bath County. His father had died suddenly in 1861 without leaving a will, and as the oldest son, he took on responsibility for his family's affairs. He married his childhood sweetheart, Mary Skillern Warwick (1845-1922) in 1869 and the couple had seven children: William Beale, Eugene Samuel, Massie Cameron, Andrew Warwick, Mary Preston, Eliza Pleasants, and one child who died in infancy. The couple moved to Big Spring, Pocahontas County, West Virginia in 1877 where Gatewood spent the remainder of his life working as a farmer and stock raiser. He died on July 31, 1919.","The bulk of the Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers consist of 28 letters (dated 1860-1864) written by Gatewood to his parents and other family members. Early letters describe life at VMI and in Lexington, Virginia, just prior to and during early months of the Civil War. Subsequent letters date from Gatewood's service with the 11th Virginia Cavalry Regiment, Company F (Bath Squadron), including a letter (dated September 1862) written after the Second Battle of Manassas (2nd Bull Run). ","The papers also include a \"History of the Bath Squadron,\" consisting of a manuscript fragment, copies of a series of published newspaper articles concerning the unit, and an edited transcription, publications concerning Confederate veteran reunions, and Gatewood's VMI cadet account book.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards initiation of new cadets, early reference to term \"rat\" as a name for a new cadet, complaints of homesickness, and comments on living in camp.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes daily routine of cadets, life in camp, and difficulty of studies.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes dismantling summer camp and moving into barracks.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses family matters, including court summons.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses examinations, Christmas at VMI, and the secession of South Carolina.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter mentions examinations and the secession of South Carolina.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter informs his parents that he did well on his examinations and gives his class standing. The letter also mentions the secession of Florida and other states.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses the family's runaway slave, Jesse, and mentions willingness of cadets to fight to \"save Virginia.\"","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses general news, including an invitation to a party, his studies, and a request for money.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses squad drill, general news, and speculates about Virginia secession and the War.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses the need for new summer pants and the high price of cloth.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses general news, living in barracks, and anxiety about the return to summer camp in July.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes the \"flag raising incident,\" a confrontation between Lexington secessionists (including cadets), and pro-Union citizens.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes excitement among VMI cadets as Virginia decides to secede, suspension of academic duty, and cadet preparation for war.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter informs his parents that the Corps of Cadets will be ordered to Richmond, Virginia probably to drill recruits.","Written from Richmond, Virginia. Letter describes the cadets' journey from Lexington, Virginia to Richmond and more news of drilling new recruits.","Written from Richmond, Virginia. Letter informs his parents that he is drilling a company of new recruits and hopes for a commission.","Written from Ashland, Virginia. Letter discusses a transfer to the Ashland Camp of Instruction to drill army recruits.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Andrew C. L. Gatewood has returned to VMI to drill new cadets and University of Virginia students who are at VMI to receive training. Letter includes a complaint that he is not paid for his services and is still expected to pay room and board and the hopes to get a furlough.","Written from Mountain Grove, Virginia. Letter discusses preparations to serve as drillmaster with the 81st regiment.","Written from Manassas, Virginia. Letter describes the Second Battle of Manassas.","Written from Edinburg, Virginia. Letter discusses potential to be sent to Harrisonburg, Virginia and mentions victory at Vicksburg, Virginia.","Written from the 11th Regiment camp. Letter regards general news.","Written from Falling Springs Church, Rockbridge County, Virginia. Letter regards regiment encampment.","Letter written from the 11th Regiment camp. Letter regards the regiment's presention of the VMI Corps of Cadets with a captured flag and a review of troops by General Smith.","Written from Waynesboro, Virginia. Letter regards camp at Waynesboro and expected orders to march and battle.","Written from Waynesboro, Virginia. Letter regards that the brigade is ordered to eastern Virginia.","Written from the 11th Regiment camp. Letter regards general news from camp.","Account book contains entries for cadet expenses from July 31, 1860 to May 22, 1861.","Partial \"History of the Bath Squadron or Recollections of Thirty Years Ago\" manuscript in Andrew C. L. Gatewood's hand.","\"History of the Bath Squadron\" typescript with annotations by C.L. Gatewood's grandson, John M. Dunlap, Jr. Included is a 5.25 inch floppy disk that contains a digital version of the typescript.","Written by Dr. Hunter McGuire, Chairman. Report read by the committee chairman in Richmond, Virginia on June 5, 1899.","Written by J. Coleman Alderson. Pamphlet contains \"speeches, engravings of the speakers, and General Officers of this Division, with other prominent West Virginia Confederates.\"","Document was printed for the \"27th Reunion...United Confederate Veterans 22nd Annual Reunion...Sons of Veterans\" held in Washington, D.C. from June 4 to 8, 1917.","Proceedings of the 27th Annual Reunion of the Confederate Veterans, the 18th Annual Convention of the Confederated Southern Memorial Association, and the 22nd Annual Reunion of the Sons of Confederate Veterans held in Washington D.C. from June 4 to 7, 1917.","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","United Confederate Veterans","Gatewood, Andrew C. L. (Andrew Cameron Lewis), 1843-1919","Dunlap, John M., Jr. (John McKee), 1917-?","Smith, Francis H. (Francis Henney), 1812-1890","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0068","/repositories/3/resources/582"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers"],"collection_ssim":["Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Gatewood, Andrew C. L. (Andrew Cameron Lewis), 1843-1919","Dunlap, John M., Jr. (John McKee), 1917-?"],"creator_ssim":["Gatewood, Andrew C. L. (Andrew Cameron Lewis), 1843-1919","Dunlap, John M., Jr. (John McKee), 1917-?"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Gatewood, Andrew C. L. (Andrew Cameron Lewis), 1843-1919","Dunlap, John M., Jr. (John McKee), 1917-?"],"creators_ssim":["Gatewood, Andrew C. L. (Andrew Cameron Lewis), 1843-1919","Dunlap, John M., Jr. (John McKee), 1917-?"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1860-1869","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Cavalry Regiment, 11th","Bull Run, 2nd Battle of, Va., 1862","Soldiers—Virginia—Correspondence","Lexington (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia Military Institute—Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1864","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","Correspondence","Account Books","Manuscripts","Clippings"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1860-1869","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Cavalry Regiment, 11th","Bull Run, 2nd Battle of, Va., 1862","Soldiers—Virginia—Correspondence","Lexington (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia Military Institute—Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1864","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","Correspondence","Account Books","Manuscripts","Clippings"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["35 items"],"extent_tesim":["35 items"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Account Books","Manuscripts","Clippings"],"date_range_isim":[1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA bulk of the Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers are avaliable \n\u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p15821coll11/id/1918\"\u003eonline\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA photograph of Gatewood is also avaliable \u003ca href=\"http://cdm15821.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15821coll7/id/3240\"\u003eonline\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Online Access"],"altformavail_tesim":["A bulk of the Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers are avaliable \n online .","A photograph of Gatewood is also avaliable  online ."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAndrew Cameron Lewis Gatewood was born at Mountain Grove, Bath County, Virginia, on June 30, 1843 to Samuel Vance Gatewood (1810-1861) and Eugenia Sophia Massie (1819-1884). He entered the VMI in July 1860, where he served as a cadet until the outbreak of the Civil War in April 1861. On April 16, 1861, he accompanied the Corps of Cadets to Richmond, Virginia where he served as a drillmaster to new\nConfederate recruits. Gatewood subsequently served in the same capacity under General Robert S. Garnett at Laurel Hill, Barbour County, West Virginia. He joined the 11th Virginia Cavalry Regiment in March 1862 and was elected 2nd Lieutenant,\n\"F\" Company (Bath Squadron). He served in this unit until the end of the War.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAt the close of the Civil War, Gatewood returned to Bath County. His father had died suddenly in 1861 without leaving a will, and as the oldest son, he took on responsibility for his family's affairs. He married his childhood sweetheart, Mary Skillern Warwick (1845-1922) in 1869 and the couple had seven children: William Beale, Eugene Samuel, Massie Cameron, Andrew Warwick, Mary Preston, Eliza Pleasants, and one child who died in infancy. The couple moved to Big Spring, Pocahontas County, West Virginia in 1877 where Gatewood spent the remainder of his life working as a farmer and stock raiser. He died on July 31, 1919.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Andrew Cameron Lewis Gatewood was born at Mountain Grove, Bath County, Virginia, on June 30, 1843 to Samuel Vance Gatewood (1810-1861) and Eugenia Sophia Massie (1819-1884). He entered the VMI in July 1860, where he served as a cadet until the outbreak of the Civil War in April 1861. On April 16, 1861, he accompanied the Corps of Cadets to Richmond, Virginia where he served as a drillmaster to new\nConfederate recruits. Gatewood subsequently served in the same capacity under General Robert S. Garnett at Laurel Hill, Barbour County, West Virginia. He joined the 11th Virginia Cavalry Regiment in March 1862 and was elected 2nd Lieutenant,\n\"F\" Company (Bath Squadron). He served in this unit until the end of the War.","At the close of the Civil War, Gatewood returned to Bath County. His father had died suddenly in 1861 without leaving a will, and as the oldest son, he took on responsibility for his family's affairs. He married his childhood sweetheart, Mary Skillern Warwick (1845-1922) in 1869 and the couple had seven children: William Beale, Eugene Samuel, Massie Cameron, Andrew Warwick, Mary Preston, Eliza Pleasants, and one child who died in infancy. The couple moved to Big Spring, Pocahontas County, West Virginia in 1877 where Gatewood spent the remainder of his life working as a farmer and stock raiser. He died on July 31, 1919."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAndrew C. L. Gatewood papers, 1860-1993. MS 0068. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers, 1860-1993. MS 0068. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers consist of 28 letters (dated 1860-1864) written by Gatewood to his parents and other family members. Early letters describe life at VMI and in Lexington, Virginia, just prior to and during early months of the Civil War. Subsequent letters date from Gatewood's service with the 11th Virginia Cavalry Regiment, Company F (Bath Squadron), including a letter (dated September 1862) written after the Second Battle of Manassas (2nd Bull Run). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe papers also include a \"History of the Bath Squadron,\" consisting of a manuscript fragment, copies of a series of published newspaper articles concerning the unit, and an edited transcription, publications concerning Confederate veteran reunions, and Gatewood's VMI cadet account book.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards initiation of new cadets, early reference to term \"rat\" as a name for a new cadet, complaints of homesickness, and comments on living in camp.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes daily routine of cadets, life in camp, and difficulty of studies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes dismantling summer camp and moving into barracks.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses family matters, including court summons.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses examinations, Christmas at VMI, and the secession of South Carolina.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter mentions examinations and the secession of South Carolina.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter informs his parents that he did well on his examinations and gives his class standing. The letter also mentions the secession of Florida and other states.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses the family's runaway slave, Jesse, and mentions willingness of cadets to fight to \"save Virginia.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses general news, including an invitation to a party, his studies, and a request for money.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses squad drill, general news, and speculates about Virginia secession and the War.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses the need for new summer pants and the high price of cloth.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses general news, living in barracks, and anxiety about the return to summer camp in July.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes the \"flag raising incident,\" a confrontation between Lexington secessionists (including cadets), and pro-Union citizens.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes excitement among VMI cadets as Virginia decides to secede, suspension of academic duty, and cadet preparation for war.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter informs his parents that the Corps of Cadets will be ordered to Richmond, Virginia probably to drill recruits.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Richmond, Virginia. Letter describes the cadets' journey from Lexington, Virginia to Richmond and more news of drilling new recruits.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Richmond, Virginia. Letter informs his parents that he is drilling a company of new recruits and hopes for a commission.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Ashland, Virginia. Letter discusses a transfer to the Ashland Camp of Instruction to drill army recruits.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Andrew C. L. Gatewood has returned to VMI to drill new cadets and University of Virginia students who are at VMI to receive training. Letter includes a complaint that he is not paid for his services and is still expected to pay room and board and the hopes to get a furlough.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Mountain Grove, Virginia. Letter discusses preparations to serve as drillmaster with the 81st regiment.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Manassas, Virginia. Letter describes the Second Battle of Manassas.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Edinburg, Virginia. Letter discusses potential to be sent to Harrisonburg, Virginia and mentions victory at Vicksburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from the 11th Regiment camp. Letter regards general news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Falling Springs Church, Rockbridge County, Virginia. Letter regards regiment encampment.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter written from the 11th Regiment camp. Letter regards the regiment's presention of the VMI Corps of Cadets with a captured flag and a review of troops by General Smith.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Waynesboro, Virginia. Letter regards camp at Waynesboro and expected orders to march and battle.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Waynesboro, Virginia. Letter regards that the brigade is ordered to eastern Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from the 11th Regiment camp. Letter regards general news from camp.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccount book contains entries for cadet expenses from July 31, 1860 to May 22, 1861.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePartial \"History of the Bath Squadron or Recollections of Thirty Years Ago\" manuscript in Andrew C. L. Gatewood's hand.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"History of the Bath Squadron\" typescript with annotations by C.L. Gatewood's grandson, John M. Dunlap, Jr. Included is a 5.25 inch floppy disk that contains a digital version of the typescript.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten by Dr. Hunter McGuire, Chairman. Report read by the committee chairman in Richmond, Virginia on June 5, 1899.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten by J. Coleman Alderson. Pamphlet contains \"speeches, engravings of the speakers, and General Officers of this Division, with other prominent West Virginia Confederates.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocument was printed for the \"27th Reunion...United Confederate Veterans 22nd Annual Reunion...Sons of Veterans\" held in Washington, D.C. from June 4 to 8, 1917.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProceedings of the 27th Annual Reunion of the Confederate Veterans, the 18th Annual Convention of the Confederated Southern Memorial Association, and the 22nd Annual Reunion of the Sons of Confederate Veterans held in Washington D.C. from June 4 to 7, 1917.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The bulk of the Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers consist of 28 letters (dated 1860-1864) written by Gatewood to his parents and other family members. Early letters describe life at VMI and in Lexington, Virginia, just prior to and during early months of the Civil War. Subsequent letters date from Gatewood's service with the 11th Virginia Cavalry Regiment, Company F (Bath Squadron), including a letter (dated September 1862) written after the Second Battle of Manassas (2nd Bull Run). ","The papers also include a \"History of the Bath Squadron,\" consisting of a manuscript fragment, copies of a series of published newspaper articles concerning the unit, and an edited transcription, publications concerning Confederate veteran reunions, and Gatewood's VMI cadet account book.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards initiation of new cadets, early reference to term \"rat\" as a name for a new cadet, complaints of homesickness, and comments on living in camp.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes daily routine of cadets, life in camp, and difficulty of studies.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes dismantling summer camp and moving into barracks.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses family matters, including court summons.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses examinations, Christmas at VMI, and the secession of South Carolina.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter mentions examinations and the secession of South Carolina.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter informs his parents that he did well on his examinations and gives his class standing. The letter also mentions the secession of Florida and other states.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses the family's runaway slave, Jesse, and mentions willingness of cadets to fight to \"save Virginia.\"","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses general news, including an invitation to a party, his studies, and a request for money.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses squad drill, general news, and speculates about Virginia secession and the War.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses the need for new summer pants and the high price of cloth.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses general news, living in barracks, and anxiety about the return to summer camp in July.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes the \"flag raising incident,\" a confrontation between Lexington secessionists (including cadets), and pro-Union citizens.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes excitement among VMI cadets as Virginia decides to secede, suspension of academic duty, and cadet preparation for war.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter informs his parents that the Corps of Cadets will be ordered to Richmond, Virginia probably to drill recruits.","Written from Richmond, Virginia. Letter describes the cadets' journey from Lexington, Virginia to Richmond and more news of drilling new recruits.","Written from Richmond, Virginia. Letter informs his parents that he is drilling a company of new recruits and hopes for a commission.","Written from Ashland, Virginia. Letter discusses a transfer to the Ashland Camp of Instruction to drill army recruits.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Andrew C. L. Gatewood has returned to VMI to drill new cadets and University of Virginia students who are at VMI to receive training. Letter includes a complaint that he is not paid for his services and is still expected to pay room and board and the hopes to get a furlough.","Written from Mountain Grove, Virginia. Letter discusses preparations to serve as drillmaster with the 81st regiment.","Written from Manassas, Virginia. Letter describes the Second Battle of Manassas.","Written from Edinburg, Virginia. Letter discusses potential to be sent to Harrisonburg, Virginia and mentions victory at Vicksburg, Virginia.","Written from the 11th Regiment camp. Letter regards general news.","Written from Falling Springs Church, Rockbridge County, Virginia. Letter regards regiment encampment.","Letter written from the 11th Regiment camp. Letter regards the regiment's presention of the VMI Corps of Cadets with a captured flag and a review of troops by General Smith.","Written from Waynesboro, Virginia. Letter regards camp at Waynesboro and expected orders to march and battle.","Written from Waynesboro, Virginia. Letter regards that the brigade is ordered to eastern Virginia.","Written from the 11th Regiment camp. Letter regards general news from camp.","Account book contains entries for cadet expenses from July 31, 1860 to May 22, 1861.","Partial \"History of the Bath Squadron or Recollections of Thirty Years Ago\" manuscript in Andrew C. L. Gatewood's hand.","\"History of the Bath Squadron\" typescript with annotations by C.L. Gatewood's grandson, John M. Dunlap, Jr. Included is a 5.25 inch floppy disk that contains a digital version of the typescript.","Written by Dr. Hunter McGuire, Chairman. Report read by the committee chairman in Richmond, Virginia on June 5, 1899.","Written by J. Coleman Alderson. Pamphlet contains \"speeches, engravings of the speakers, and General Officers of this Division, with other prominent West Virginia Confederates.\"","Document was printed for the \"27th Reunion...United Confederate Veterans 22nd Annual Reunion...Sons of Veterans\" held in Washington, D.C. from June 4 to 8, 1917.","Proceedings of the 27th Annual Reunion of the Confederate Veterans, the 18th Annual Convention of the Confederated Southern Memorial Association, and the 22nd Annual Reunion of the Sons of Confederate Veterans held in Washington D.C. from June 4 to 7, 1917."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_f3d0ffdf4864efbcf325abc5200c0bf2\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","United Confederate Veterans","Gatewood, Andrew C. L. (Andrew Cameron Lewis), 1843-1919","Dunlap, John M., Jr. (John McKee), 1917-?","Smith, Francis H. (Francis Henney), 1812-1890"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","United Confederate Veterans"],"persname_ssim":["Gatewood, Andrew C. L. (Andrew Cameron Lewis), 1843-1919","Dunlap, John M., Jr. (John McKee), 1917-?","Smith, Francis H. (Francis Henney), 1812-1890"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":46,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:10:42.873Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_582"}},{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_364","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Campbell and Varner family papers","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_364#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Varner, Charles V. (Charles Van Buren), 1838-1907","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_364#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of correspondence, photographs, and documents of R. Henry Campbell and members of the Varner Family of Lexington, Virginia. The families are related through the marriage of Campbell's sister, Augusta, to Varner.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_364#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_364","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_364","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_364","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_364","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_364.xml","title_ssm":["Campbell and Varner family papers"],"title_tesim":["Campbell and Varner family papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1845-1928"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1845-1928"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0282","/repositories/3/resources/364"],"text":["MS.0282","/repositories/3/resources/364","Campbell and Varner family papers","Richmond (Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Martinsburg, (W. Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American","Freemasons, Lexington, Va. Mountain City Lodge No.67","Lexington (Va.) -- Schools -- 19th century","Confederate States of America. Army—Rockbridge Rifles","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 27th","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 4th","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 5th","Virginia Military Institute—Civil War, 1861-1865","Lexington (Va.) -- Freemasons, Mountain City Lodge No.67","Bull Run, 1st Battle of, Va., 1861","Soldiers—Virginia—Correspondence","Shenandoah Valley Campaign, 1864 (May-August)—Personal narratives","Lexington (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Hunter's Raid—Virginia—Lexington","Correspondence","Notebooks","There are no restrictions","A portion of this collection is available online","Robert Henry Campbell of Lexington, Virginia was a shoemaker. He served with the Rockbridge Rifles during the Civil War (1861 only) and was discharged due to illness (tuberculosis). Campbell then was a clerk and the Quartermaster and Treasurer at VMI from 1864 to 1870. He died in 1870 in Lexington, Virginia.","Charles Van Buren Varner was born in 1838 in Lexington, Virginia. He served with Rockbridge Rifles during Civil War. After the War he was a cabinetmaker and a carpenter at VMI. Varner dided in 1907 in Lexington.","The families are related through the marriage of Campbell's sister, Augusta, to Varner.","Following the surrender of the Confederacy at Appomattox, Virginia in April 1865, towns throughout the Shenandoah Valley were temporarily occupied by United States Army Forces tasked with solidifying federal control and maintaining order. This broadside was posted throughout the town of Lexington, Virginia.","HeadQuarters Rockbridge Rifles \nMt. Sidney Augusta Co. \nSaturday morning 6 o'clock a.m.","Dear Father: \nHaving a spare hour I thought I would write you a few lines. We arrived in Staunton about five o'clock Friday morning and stopped at the Virginia House, where we were as well treated as if we were paying $3 per day. We left Staunton at half past three yesterday and arrived at this place about dark. We go on from here to Harrisonburg today. None of us will have to walk we think, as the people all around will furnish us all they can. They have here sent a great many of their conveyances away with their own men who left for Harper's Ferry yesterday. We think that that will be our destination.","We have certainly been well treated so far. We have every comfort that we could get if we were at home. The people could not treat us better if we were their own sons. They say that men who are going to fight for their country should have the best that the land can afford while they can possibly get it.","Eight of us staid at a gentleman's house here by the name of Hyde. He is a relation of Thos. T. Hyde and is certainly a gentleman. Mac, Sandy Gordon, John Middleton, Dave Riley, Reed Hanger, Jos. Marston, John Edmondson and myself composed the squad who staid last night.","My love to everybody and tell them that every one of us will be back in Lexington again. I have to close as we will start in a short time. Excuse bad writing as I am in a hurry, have a bad pen, \u0026 c. Tell mother to keep up a good heart. Also Mrs. McCown for Mac he will write tomorrow. We are all in fine spirits. Yours affectionately, R. Henry Campbell.","Tell Mr. Deaver that J. Marston is perfectly well again and sends his love to Mr. Deaver's family, and all others.","Shenandoah Co. \nMt. Jackson \nApril 20/61","Dear Mother \nWe left Mt. Sidney on Saturday morning and arrived in Harrisonburg on Saturday evening about 3 oclock. We were divided out among the citizens. Myself and four others went to a gentleman's by the name of Wilson. There was about fifteen young ladies there, we were treated very kindly. At 7 o'clock we were presented with a flag by the ladies of Harrisonburg representing the Confederated states, with a star for Virginia in the center.","We left Harrisonburg this (Sunday) morning and arrived at this place at six oclock. Part of the company put up at Mr. Farrah's Hotel (Mr. Tanquary's father in law) and the other part at Mr. Coalters Hotel. I am at the last named Hotel, and we are as well treated as if we were at home.","We start for Winchester tomorrow morning at 7 oclock. We are better treated than any other company I think, and the reason is this, our Captain is the Governor's brother, and he can get almost anything he asks for.","Give my love to all the family, to Uncle George, Grandmother, Aunt Marsy, and all the balance and accept a large portion for yourself. Your affectionate Son, R. Henry Campbell.","P.S. Give my respect to Mr. Turpin's family and tell Mrs. Turpin that Mr. Turpin is well and in fine spirits. R.H.C.","P.S. I will write again soon.","Harper's Ferry \nMay 4/1861","Dear Mother \nI write this morning to let you know how we all are. We are all in tolerable good health except Mr. Webb and Tanquary. They both expect to go home shortly.","We have a good deal of duty to attend to. We go to Reveille at 5 oclock a.m., squad drill at 5½ oclock, surgeons call at 6½ oclock, at 7 we have breakfast, at 8 first call for guard mounting, at 8½ second call for guard mounting, orderly hours 9 until ten, squad drill 10½ to 11½, Battalion drill 11½ to 12½ dinner 1, squad drill again 2½ to 3½, dress parade at 6, retreat at sundown, supper at 7, tattoo at 9½, taps at 10. Besides this we have to walk guard. I have not drank a drop of whisky or brandy since I left and I do not intend to do so until I get back. I think that I can do as well without it as with it. Col. Jackson has forbid the Liquor Dealers to sell to the soldiers, but they still get it on the sly. I believe that there is less whisky drank in our company than in any other company here.","Tell father that John Donald has not drank a drop of liquor since he left and I do not think that he will. He was the same dry wit that he had about him when at home. He sends his best respects to our family, also to Mr. Jacob Smith.","Every evening we have singing after supper. James Campbell, John and Sam Charlton lead, they generally commence with \"Do they miss me at home,\" then they sing two or three hymns and finish up with \"They miss me at home.\"","We are divided off into messes; each corporal and sergeant has charge of a mess. I have nine in my mess--myself, McCown, Kelly T., Kelly J., McMarra, Mullen, Lynch, Ashery McClure, and Charley Rollins. I appoint one man every day to cook for the rest. I have to go and get the provisions three times a day from the Quartermaster.","I wish you would send me some paper collars if you can get them. They are better than the Linen collars. I can wear one of them a week and then you do not have the trouble of washing.","Give my love to all and tell some of my friends to write to me. You do not know how eagerly we await the coming of the mail, and how disappointed we are if we do not get a letter. No more at present from your affectionate son, \nR. Henry Campbell.","Harper's Ferry May 19 \n6 ½ A.M.","Dear Father, \nWe expect to leave for Sheppardstown at 8 o'clock this morning. If we do not go I will write tomorrow again. We were in arms all of last night, expecting an attack. It was currently reported and believed that 10000 Federal Troops were within a few miles and were marching on to attack us this morning. I hardly think it is so. Tell the people in Lexington who have friends and relatives here that if we move we will write as soon as we reach our destination. All are well. John Edmondson is improving and will be well in a short time. My love to all. Tell mother and sis I will write and answer their letters as soon as I can. The Grays \u0026 artillery are here. No more at present. I remain your affectionate son. \nR. Henry Campbell.","Martinsburg May 21/61","Dear Mother, \nWe arrived at place on Tuesday night at eight o'clock. We did not certainly know where we were going to when we left the Ferry as we were marching under sealed orders. Our Captain did not know where we were going when we left the Ferry, as he was prohibited from opening his orders until after he left the Ferry. We came to our journey's end much sooner than we expected, for it was generally believed before we left (as I wrote to Father) that we were going to Wheeling.","I like the looks of Martinsburg very much. It is a very nice place. It contains some beautiful residences. Its population is 4000. Almost all of the inhabitants are still for the Union. The Ladies all play (on the piano) Hail Columbia \u0026 Star Spangled Banner. This County gave seven hundred majority for the Union.","We have excellent quarters. We are quartered in the Town Hall. Gen. Davis is in command at Richmond, Gen. Beauregard at Norfolk, Gen. Johnson has superceded Col. Jackson at the Ferry. I sent my likeness by John Breedlove to you. I gave it to him the morning we left the Ferry. He expected to start for home the next day. I intend to send Sis my likeness by the first one who goes home.","We are all well and in good spirits. I would have written sooner but have not has time. Charley Rollins is not with the Company. He is an Orderly at Head Quarters in Harper's Ferry. He wrote me word that he would join us the last of this week. He is well and sends his respects.","Tell Sis and Father that I will answer their letters as soon as I can. No more at present, but I remain your affectionate Son, \nR. Henry Campbell","P. S. Write soon. My love to all. R. H. C.","Martinsburg Va. May 29/61","Dear Sister, \nI write again this morning to let you know that we are all well and in good spirits. We have been very kindly treated by the Citizens since we have been here. They still continue to send us provisions every day. The Ladies send us bouquets every day; and are continually sending invitations to dine and take tea with them.","There has been a great change since we have been here. When we first came, the most of the Citizens were Unionists, a great many of them have changed and become Secessionists. When we came, our flag was the only Secession flag that could be seen. Now you can see them on every street. The Ladies wear them pinned to their dresses.","I attended church three times last Sunday. In the morning we went to the Methodist, in the evening I went to the German Evangelical, and then to the Lutheran. All of the proceedings were carried on in Dutch at the German Evangelical.","I sent my likeness to you on last Monday by Col. Ruff. I sent one to Mother by John Breedlove the morning we left the Ferry.","There is no news of interest at present, therefore I will have to close for the want of material. Write soon. I remain your affectionate Brother. \nR. Henry Campbell.","Harper's Ferry June 3d 1861","Dear Mother, \nI received your kind letter that you sent by Mr. Charlton. I do not receive half the number of letters now that I did some time ago. I have no doubts about your writing often, but think it is the fault of the Mail Carries \u0026 Post Masters.","I received the Cakes and sugars. Tell Sis they are very nice and that I am much obliged to her. We will not get such eatables here. While we were in Martinsburg, we had plenty of nice provisions, but since we have been here we get nothing but Soldiers fare. Our Company left Martinsburg on the morning of the first of June. All of the Citizens were very sorry to see us leave. They\nsay that if they are going to station a Company in Martinsburg, that they want us to come back. They say that we are the most gentlemanly set of men that they have seen, and that they would rather have us there than to have their own town Company.","Last week I was appointed Sergeant by our Officers. Also A. S. Wade was appointed Sergeant. Ed Northern, Andrew Varner and Wallace Ruff were appointed Corporals. I wish you to tell Father to get Mr. Vanderslice to make me a pair of Sergeant's chevrons [Chevrons]. Tell him to make them like the Cadets' are made. I cannot get a bit of Lace here or I would get them made here. If he cannot get the Lace at the Institute, go to Mr. James S. Smith's Jewelry Store, and tell him to let him have that Lace that belongs\nto Sergeant Boude. Tell him that Boude told me to send for it. Send them the first opportunity that you have as I wish to have them put on my coat.","You ask why we were sent to Martinsburg and why we were kept in the House the day of the Election. I do not know why we were sent there, but I think that it was to keep down a disturbance if there should be any. Our Company was not locked up the day of the Election, but we were required to be at our quarters, so that if we were needed we would all be together. The voting was done at the Court House just across the street from our Quarters. All of our Company that had a vote cast them for Ratification. A good\nmany of our Company had no vote. I was one that could not vote. You say that James Suddarth was greatly elated, because his Company was ordered off. Let him come and go through what we have gone through and I think too that he will have the wire edge taken off him. I think it will go rather hard with that Company if they have much duty to do as they have been used to lazing about College and doing nothing.","You also asked to send my likeness if I could spare the money. I sent you my likeness by John Breedlove nearly two weeks ago and I sent my likeness to Sis by Col. Ruff about a week ago.","We have not drawn any wages yet and I do not think that we will get them soon. Some of the Companies I hear have been paid, but I do not know whether to believe it or not. My money is almost gone. I do not know what I will do when my money gives out. Money will get anything that we need. Moody is with the Company now. He looks real pitiful. I do not know whether the Company will allow him to stay or not. Nothing will be done with him. I think he is punished sufficiently, the men hardly speak to him.","When we got to this place on Saturday evening, twenty five men were detailed to go back within two miles of Martinsburg to burn the Bridge across the Opequon River. I was Sergeant of the detachment. We walked about eight miles up the Rail Road and then got a hand car and worked our way within a mile of the Bridge. We stopped there and Lieut. Edmondson, myself and ten others went forward to reconnoiter (We expected to have a skirmish as the Citizens of Martinsburg (the Union men) said that we should not burn the bridge). When we got within sight of the Bridge we found a sentinel pacing on top of the Bridge. We immediately sent back and informed the reserve that there was a guard on the Bridge and for them to come on. We marched up to the Bridge. When we got there two others appeared and asked us where we were going to. We told them that we were going to stop there. Then they asked us to what we were going to do. We told them that we were going to burn the Bridge. Then one of the three that\nwas at the Bridge said that he must go up to a house that was just above the Bridge and see the Captain of the Guard. As soon as he got to the Guard House and told the Captain of the Guard that there was a detachment at the Bridge, he called out his whole guard (amounting to 31 men) with their arms and came to the Bridge. We expected to have a fight, then as some of them said that the Bridge should not be burned while we were talking, the reserve of 13 men came up and they backed out. We kindled about twenty fires in the Bridge and set them afire. At eight o'clock Sunday morning, the bridge was in ashes. Not a particle of it was left except the butments. While the Bridge was burning the Guard from Martinsburg stood upon the other side and watched until the Bridge was consumed but did not attempt to interfere. If they had they would have met with a warm reception as we were well prepared and went with the determination to burn the Bridge. We burnt the Bridge by the order of Gen. Johnson to prevent\nthe Federal Troops from coming down on the Baltimore and Ohio railroad. Two bridges were burnt above near Grafton on the same road last week.","You spoke of hearing that there was a fight at the ferry. There has not been one here, and I do not think that there will be one at this place. I think if the Federal Troops invade Virginia, that they will come through Maryland and enter Virginia just opposite of Martinsburg and march across to Winchester (22 miles) so as to cut off the supplies that are intended for this place. I think that the troops here ought to burn every house in the Ferry and move to Winchester as there is nothing here now to protect as the Machinery has all been removed and is not in Richmond. There is a force of about 18000 at this place now and they are still coming every day. There is a force of 36000 at Manassas junction on the Orange and Alexandria Rail Road near Alexandria. All of the reports of fights between the forces is false. There has not been an engagement any where yet and I do not think that there\nwill be soon as Congress (U. S.) does not meet until the 4th of July and they have the power to declare war, (not Lincoln.)","When the Federal Troops do invade the South they will find that the Southern Troops are well prepared and ready for a fight. The South has received 200000 stand of arms from Europe and plenty of material has been found in Arkansas to make powder. Richmond has five Cap manufacturers in operation fifty thousand percussion caps passed over the Baltimore and Ohio road to the South marked Garden Seeds last week. Just as I am writing a regiment went into a field to drill. Jo Neff is looking out of the window at them. J. says just look at them; G-d, ain't there a lot of them; don't that look like war; just suppose them were Federal Troops; if they were to fire, what a hole they would make; and fifty other expressions, you can imagine what they are like as you have heard him talk often. He has an oath about every other word. Tell Cousin Ann that Joe is well and sends his love.","Some time ago you said that is John Donald wanted some check shirts that you would make them for him. He says that he will be very much obliged to you for them as he has nothing but his white shirts. Tell father that he is getting real fat, and is as full of fun as ever. He sends his best respects. He also sends his respects to Jake Smith, and says to tell Jake that he would like to be in\nLexington to see John William. We have got the name of the being of the best company at the Ferry, and have the healthiest men and are able to stand more than any other company here. As we go along, the soldiers say there goes the Rockbridge Boys. I believe that we have done more than any two companies since we have been here. There are thirty men from Baltimore that want to join our company. They belong to the Baltimore Rifles. They cannot form a company of their own as there is not enough of them here and they say that they want to join Capt. Letcher's Company. I do not know whether we will take them or not.","Tell Cousin Sarah that I have received her letter and and will answer as soon as I can. I also received a letter from Tribbett(?) which I have not answered. Mrs. Dodd died in Winchester last Thursday (Robert Dodd's Mother) and was buried last Friday. Miss Lizzie Dodd says that she is going to send me another box of Cakes soon. Edward Norgrove sends his best respects to all of our family and says to tell his Mother that he is well and to give her his love. He was with the crowd that went to Opequon Bridge.","Tell Father not to pay for those things that I got the morning that we left Lexington, that they will be paid for out of the money that was appropriated by the county for equipping the Volunteers of Rockbridge. I got two pairs of drawers and two shirts at Switzer's. A pea jacket at Young's worth $2.75, and a pair of buckskin gloves at Capt. Bakers, a pair of boots at Tom Deaver's worth $6.50,\nand a silk handkerchief at George White's. We have got new Military Caps, (Grey) new canteens and new shirts since we have been here.","John and Sam Charlton send their best respects to our folks. John says to give Jake Smith his best respects. Bowyer sends his respects to Smith. George Chapin says to give his love to all of his folks and tell them that he is well.","Camp at Manassas 10 o'clock p.m. \nJuly 21st","Dear Mother, \nAccording to promise I will attempt to give you a faint description of what I witnessed since I left home. I got to Staunton about 12 o'clock on Friday night. I was very sick at Staunton and had to stay until this morning. I came down to this place today.","They have been fighting from sunrise until Sunset today. About 12000 of the Yankees were killed. Our loss is estimated at 3 or 4,000, our company fared rather badly. Asbury McClure was killed. He died in the arms of Sandy Gordon and James Gillock. Joel Neff, Jno Moody, Preston Davidson \u0026 Charley Rollins were wounded, and Miller was wounded mortally. Moody and Davidson were wounded in the shoulder. Charley was knocked down by a piece of shell and cut on the head, he is not hurt much just a small cut on his head, he is sitting by me laughing and talking now, it does not prevent him from going about at all, it will not unfit him for duty. Tom Rollins came out unhurt, Joe Neff is wounded in the hand. Tell Mrs. McCown that Mac came out unhurt. Our regiment drove the Yankees back at the point of the bayonet. Joe Neff knocked a Yankee's brains out with the butt of his gun.","I do not know whether any more of the company are hurt. I have not seen the main body of the company. Lieut. Lewis \u0026\nEdmondson are safe, also Horace Wallace. About 50,000 of the Yankees were engaged, about 30000 of our force. We took 6 pieces of Rifled Cannon. General Patterson has been taken prisoner.","I expect I will be home in 3 or 4 days. Capt. White's company were in the fight and none were killed as far as I can hear. Capt. White's Liberty Hall Vols. had one killed, Paxton, and 3 wounded. Bell of his company was mortally wounded. I have not seen Tom or Jerry Kelly. All of the Regulars of the Yankees were engaged today.","It is an awful sight to see the wounded and the dead. I supposed both sides will bury their dead tomorrow. I want to bring all of our wounded and dead home if I can. Our company was awfully cut up. The 2d South Carolina and 2d Mississippians were cut all to pieces.","Let Marion Parent read this letter and tell him it will have to answer for the one I promised to write. I will write tomorrow if I can.","Your affectionate Son, \nR. H. Campbell","Sam Charlton is safe \u0026 John is in Winchester.","HD'QRS U. S. Forces \nLexington, Va., July 5th, 1865","Gen'l Order, \nNo 1. \nI. In obedience to orders from Bvt. Maj. Gen'l Torbert commanding Army of the Shenandoah, the undersigned hereby assumes command of this Post.  In the absence of civil law, all orders from these Hd'Qrs will be obeyed by citizens and soldiers alike.","II. On and after the publication of this order, no persons will be permitted to travel or promenade the streets after 12 o'clock (midnight).","III. No Soldiers will be permitted in town, upon any pretext whatever, after 5 o'clock P.M. -- Any one violating this paragraph will be arrested and Court-Martialed","IV. All negroes found upon the streets loitering about, without visible means of support, will be arrested and made go to work to earn a livelihood.","V. No person will be allowed to sell intoxicating liquors of any kind, except permission is granted by the Provost Marshal.  And under no pretence will liquor of any kind be sold or furnished to soldiers, or to persons who will furnish it to soldiers.  Any persons violating this paragraph will be subject to arrest, and their entire stock of liquors will be confiscated.","Wm. W. Stewart \nCol. Com'd'g","This  collection consists of correspondence, photographs, and documents of R. Henry Campbell and members of the Varner Family of Lexington, Virginia. The families are related through the marriage of Campbell's sister, Augusta, to Varner.","The collection includes Civil War letters of soldiers R. Henry Campbell (dated April-July, 1861) and Charles V. Varner (dated 1864-1865). The letters were written while they were serving with the Rockbridge Rifles (part of the 4th, 5th, and 27th Virginia Infantry regiments at various dates during the War). Significant topics in Campbell's letters include the unit's stay at Harper's Ferry and Martinsburg, and the 1st Battle of Manassas (1st Bull Run).","Additional correspondence of R. Henry Campbell (dated 1864-1865) was written after he accepted a position in the Treasurer-Quartermaster office at VMI. This correspondence includes:\n A note (dated May 13, 1864) before the Battle of New Market A letter written on June 14 after Hunter's Raid from the cadet camp at Rope Ferry Letters describing life at VMI's temporary headquarters at the Alms House in Richmond, Virginia, and life in wartime Richmond, including mention of the use of black troops \nOther items in this collection include:\n Two notebooks (circa 1861-1862 and 1864) that contain an early roster of Rockbridge rifles and a list of killed and wounded Family photographs A broadside (July 1865) concerning the occupation of Lexington by Union troops Family documents, including \"Rules for the Lexington Classical School\" (1845)","Written from Augusta County, Virginia. The letter regards being treated kindly by civilians and the march toward Harrisonburg, Virginia.","Written from Senandoah County, Virginia. Letter describes stay in Harrisonburg, Virginia and news that they are traveling to Winchester, Virginia.","Written from Harper's Ferry, West Virginia. Letter regards life and schedule in camp.","Written from Harpers Ferry, West Virginia. Letter regards an expected attack that did not occur.","Written from Martinsburg, West Virginia. Letter regards a Union sentiment among townspeople.","Written from Martinsburg, West Virginia. Letter regards general news and mentions that secessionist sentiment is increasing in town.","Written from Harpers Ferry, West Virginia. Letter regards general news, a burned bridge across the Opequon River, and no wages.","Written from Manassas, Virginia. Letter provides an account of the First Battle of Manassas/Battle of Bull Run.","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks and oversized case 2","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Campbell family","Varner family","Varner, Charles V. (Charles Van Buren), 1838-1907","Varner, Andrew W. (Andrew Wallace), 1831-1910","Campbell, R. Henry (Robert Henry), ?-1870","Edmondson, James K., 1832-1898","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","Stewart, William W., Colonel","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0282","/repositories/3/resources/364"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Campbell and Varner family papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Campbell and Varner family papers"],"collection_ssim":["Campbell and Varner family papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Richmond (Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Martinsburg, (W. Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American","Freemasons, Lexington, Va. Mountain City Lodge No.67","Lexington (Va.) -- Schools -- 19th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Richmond (Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Martinsburg, (W. Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American","Freemasons, Lexington, Va. Mountain City Lodge No.67","Lexington (Va.) -- Schools -- 19th century"],"creator_ssm":["Varner, Charles V. (Charles Van Buren), 1838-1907","Varner, Andrew W. (Andrew Wallace), 1831-1910","Campbell, R. Henry (Robert Henry), ?-1870"],"creator_ssim":["Varner, Charles V. (Charles Van Buren), 1838-1907","Varner, Andrew W. (Andrew Wallace), 1831-1910","Campbell, R. Henry (Robert Henry), ?-1870"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Varner, Charles V. (Charles Van Buren), 1838-1907","Varner, Andrew W. (Andrew Wallace), 1831-1910","Campbell, R. Henry (Robert Henry), ?-1870"],"creators_ssim":["Varner, Charles V. (Charles Van Buren), 1838-1907","Varner, Andrew W. (Andrew Wallace), 1831-1910","Campbell, R. Henry (Robert Henry), ?-1870"],"places_ssim":["Richmond (Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Martinsburg, (W. Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American","Freemasons, Lexington, Va. Mountain City Lodge No.67","Lexington (Va.) -- Schools -- 19th century"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Confederate States of America. Army—Rockbridge Rifles","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 27th","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 4th","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 5th","Virginia Military Institute—Civil War, 1861-1865","Lexington (Va.) -- Freemasons, Mountain City Lodge No.67","Bull Run, 1st Battle of, Va., 1861","Soldiers—Virginia—Correspondence","Shenandoah Valley Campaign, 1864 (May-August)—Personal narratives","Lexington (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Hunter's Raid—Virginia—Lexington","Correspondence","Notebooks"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Confederate States of America. Army—Rockbridge Rifles","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 27th","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 4th","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 5th","Virginia Military Institute—Civil War, 1861-1865","Lexington (Va.) -- Freemasons, Mountain City Lodge No.67","Bull Run, 1st Battle of, Va., 1861","Soldiers—Virginia—Correspondence","Shenandoah Valley Campaign, 1864 (May-August)—Personal narratives","Lexington (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Hunter's Raid—Virginia—Lexington","Correspondence","Notebooks"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.5 Linear Feet approximately 40 items in one box and oversized case"],"extent_tesim":["0.5 Linear Feet approximately 40 items in one box and oversized case"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Notebooks"],"date_range_isim":[1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":[" Restrictions on Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions"],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/search/collection/p15821coll11/field/descri/searchterm/MS%200282/mode/exact\"\u003eA portion of this collection is available online\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Online Access"],"altformavail_tesim":["A portion of this collection is available online"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRobert Henry Campbell of Lexington, Virginia was a shoemaker. He served with the Rockbridge Rifles during the Civil War (1861 only) and was discharged due to illness (tuberculosis). Campbell then was a clerk and the Quartermaster and Treasurer at VMI from 1864 to 1870. He died in 1870 in Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCharles Van Buren Varner was born in 1838 in Lexington, Virginia. He served with Rockbridge Rifles during Civil War. After the War he was a cabinetmaker and a carpenter at VMI. Varner dided in 1907 in Lexington.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe families are related through the marriage of Campbell's sister, Augusta, to Varner.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFollowing the surrender of the Confederacy at Appomattox, Virginia in April 1865, towns throughout the Shenandoah Valley were temporarily occupied by United States Army Forces tasked with solidifying federal control and maintaining order. This broadside was posted throughout the town of Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Robert Henry Campbell of Lexington, Virginia was a shoemaker. He served with the Rockbridge Rifles during the Civil War (1861 only) and was discharged due to illness (tuberculosis). Campbell then was a clerk and the Quartermaster and Treasurer at VMI from 1864 to 1870. He died in 1870 in Lexington, Virginia.","Charles Van Buren Varner was born in 1838 in Lexington, Virginia. He served with Rockbridge Rifles during Civil War. After the War he was a cabinetmaker and a carpenter at VMI. Varner dided in 1907 in Lexington.","The families are related through the marriage of Campbell's sister, Augusta, to Varner.","Following the surrender of the Confederacy at Appomattox, Virginia in April 1865, towns throughout the Shenandoah Valley were temporarily occupied by United States Army Forces tasked with solidifying federal control and maintaining order. This broadside was posted throughout the town of Lexington, Virginia."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHeadQuarters Rockbridge Rifles\u003cbr\u003e\nMt. Sidney Augusta Co.\u003cbr\u003e\nSaturday morning 6 o'clock a.m.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Father:\u003cbr\u003e\nHaving a spare hour I thought I would write you a few lines. We arrived in Staunton about five o'clock Friday morning and stopped at the Virginia House, where we were as well treated as if we were paying $3 per day. We left Staunton at half past three yesterday and arrived at this place about dark. We go on from here to Harrisonburg today. None of us will have to walk we think, as the people all around will furnish us all they can. They have here sent a great many of their conveyances away with their own men who left for Harper's Ferry yesterday. We think that that will be our destination.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe have certainly been well treated so far. We have every comfort that we could get if we were at home. The people could not treat us better if we were their own sons. They say that men who are going to fight for their country should have the best that the land can afford while they can possibly get it.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEight of us staid at a gentleman's house here by the name of Hyde. He is a relation of Thos. T. Hyde and is certainly a gentleman. Mac, Sandy Gordon, John Middleton, Dave Riley, Reed Hanger, Jos. Marston, John Edmondson and myself composed the squad who staid last night.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy love to everybody and tell them that every one of us will be back in Lexington again. I have to close as we will start in a short time. Excuse bad writing as I am in a hurry, have a bad pen, \u0026amp; c. Tell mother to keep up a good heart. Also Mrs. McCown for Mac he will write tomorrow. We are all in fine spirits. Yours affectionately, R. Henry Campbell.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTell Mr. Deaver that J. Marston is perfectly well again and sends his love to Mr. Deaver's family, and all others.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShenandoah Co.\u003cbr\u003e\nMt. Jackson\u003cbr\u003e\nApril 20/61\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Mother\u003cbr\u003e\nWe left Mt. Sidney on Saturday morning and arrived in Harrisonburg on Saturday evening about 3 oclock. We were divided out among the citizens. Myself and four others went to a gentleman's by the name of Wilson. There was about fifteen young ladies there, we were treated very kindly. At 7 o'clock we were presented with a flag by the ladies of Harrisonburg representing the Confederated states, with a star for Virginia in the center.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe left Harrisonburg this (Sunday) morning and arrived at this place at six oclock. Part of the company put up at Mr. Farrah's Hotel (Mr. Tanquary's father in law) and the other part at Mr. Coalters Hotel. I am at the last named Hotel, and we are as well treated as if we were at home.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe start for Winchester tomorrow morning at 7 oclock. We are better treated than any other company I think, and the reason is this, our Captain is the Governor's brother, and he can get almost anything he asks for.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGive my love to all the family, to Uncle George, Grandmother, Aunt Marsy, and all the balance and accept a large portion for yourself. Your affectionate Son, R. Henry Campbell.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eP.S. Give my respect to Mr. Turpin's family and tell Mrs. Turpin that Mr. Turpin is well and in fine spirits. R.H.C.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eP.S. I will write again soon.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Ferry\u003cbr\u003e\nMay 4/1861\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Mother\u003cbr\u003e\nI write this morning to let you know how we all are. We are all in tolerable good health except Mr. Webb and Tanquary. They both expect to go home shortly.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe have a good deal of duty to attend to. We go to Reveille at 5 oclock a.m., squad drill at 5½ oclock, surgeons call at 6½ oclock, at 7 we have breakfast, at 8 first call for guard mounting, at 8½ second call for guard mounting, orderly hours 9 until ten, squad drill 10½ to 11½, Battalion drill 11½ to 12½ dinner 1, squad drill again 2½ to 3½, dress parade at 6, retreat at sundown, supper at 7, tattoo at 9½, taps at 10. Besides this we have to walk guard. I have not drank a drop of whisky or brandy since I left and I do not intend to do so until I get back. I think that I can do as well without it as with it. Col. Jackson has forbid the Liquor Dealers to sell to the soldiers, but they still get it on the sly. I believe that there is less whisky drank in our company than in any other company here.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTell father that John Donald has not drank a drop of liquor since he left and I do not think that he will. He was the same dry wit that he had about him when at home. He sends his best respects to our family, also to Mr. Jacob Smith.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEvery evening we have singing after supper. James Campbell, John and Sam Charlton lead, they generally commence with \"Do they miss me at home,\" then they sing two or three hymns and finish up with \"They miss me at home.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe are divided off into messes; each corporal and sergeant has charge of a mess. I have nine in my mess--myself, McCown, Kelly T., Kelly J., McMarra, Mullen, Lynch, Ashery McClure, and Charley Rollins. I appoint one man every day to cook for the rest. I have to go and get the provisions three times a day from the Quartermaster.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI wish you would send me some paper collars if you can get them. They are better than the Linen collars. I can wear one of them a week and then you do not have the trouble of washing.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGive my love to all and tell some of my friends to write to me. You do not know how eagerly we await the coming of the mail, and how disappointed we are if we do not get a letter. No more at present from your affectionate son,\u003cbr\u003e\nR. Henry Campbell.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Ferry May 19\u003cbr\u003e\n6 ½ A.M.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Father,\u003cbr\u003e\nWe expect to leave for Sheppardstown at 8 o'clock this morning. If we do not go I will write tomorrow again. We were in arms all of last night, expecting an attack. It was currently reported and believed that 10000 Federal Troops were within a few miles and were marching on to attack us this morning. I hardly think it is so. Tell the people in Lexington who have friends and relatives here that if we move we will write as soon as we reach our destination. All are well. John Edmondson is improving and will be well in a short time. My love to all. Tell mother and sis I will write and answer their letters as soon as I can. The Grays \u0026amp; artillery are here. No more at present. I remain your affectionate son.\u003cbr\u003e\nR. Henry Campbell.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMartinsburg May 21/61\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Mother,\u003cbr\u003e\nWe arrived at place on Tuesday night at eight o'clock. We did not certainly know where we were going to when we left the Ferry as we were marching under sealed orders. Our Captain did not know where we were going when we left the Ferry, as he was prohibited from opening his orders until after he left the Ferry. We came to our journey's end much sooner than we expected, for it was generally believed before we left (as I wrote to Father) that we were going to Wheeling.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI like the looks of Martinsburg very much. It is a very nice place. It contains some beautiful residences. Its population is 4000. Almost all of the inhabitants are still for the Union. The Ladies all play (on the piano) Hail Columbia \u0026amp; Star Spangled Banner. This County gave seven hundred majority for the Union.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe have excellent quarters. We are quartered in the Town Hall. Gen. Davis is in command at Richmond, Gen. Beauregard at Norfolk, Gen. Johnson has superceded Col. Jackson at the Ferry. I sent my likeness by John Breedlove to you. I gave it to him the morning we left the Ferry. He expected to start for home the next day. I intend to send Sis my likeness by the first one who goes home.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe are all well and in good spirits. I would have written sooner but have not has time. Charley Rollins is not with the Company. He is an Orderly at Head Quarters in Harper's Ferry. He wrote me word that he would join us the last of this week. He is well and sends his respects.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTell Sis and Father that I will answer their letters as soon as I can. No more at present, but I remain your affectionate Son,\u003cbr\u003e\nR. Henry Campbell\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eP. S. Write soon. My love to all. R. H. C.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMartinsburg Va. May 29/61\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Sister,\u003cbr\u003e\nI write again this morning to let you know that we are all well and in good spirits. We have been very kindly treated by the Citizens since we have been here. They still continue to send us provisions every day. The Ladies send us bouquets every day; and are continually sending invitations to dine and take tea with them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere has been a great change since we have been here. When we first came, the most of the Citizens were Unionists, a great many of them have changed and become Secessionists. When we came, our flag was the only Secession flag that could be seen. Now you can see them on every street. The Ladies wear them pinned to their dresses.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI attended church three times last Sunday. In the morning we went to the Methodist, in the evening I went to the German Evangelical, and then to the Lutheran. All of the proceedings were carried on in Dutch at the German Evangelical.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI sent my likeness to you on last Monday by Col. Ruff. I sent one to Mother by John Breedlove the morning we left the Ferry.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere is no news of interest at present, therefore I will have to close for the want of material. Write soon. I remain your affectionate Brother.\u003cbr\u003e\nR. Henry Campbell.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Ferry June 3d 1861\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Mother,\u003cbr\u003e\nI received your kind letter that you sent by Mr. Charlton. I do not receive half the number of letters now that I did some time ago. I have no doubts about your writing often, but think it is the fault of the Mail Carries \u0026amp; Post Masters.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI received the Cakes and sugars. Tell Sis they are very nice and that I am much obliged to her. We will not get such eatables here. While we were in Martinsburg, we had plenty of nice provisions, but since we have been here we get nothing but Soldiers fare. Our Company left Martinsburg on the morning of the first of June. All of the Citizens were very sorry to see us leave. They\nsay that if they are going to station a Company in Martinsburg, that they want us to come back. They say that we are the most gentlemanly set of men that they have seen, and that they would rather have us there than to have their own town Company.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLast week I was appointed Sergeant by our Officers. Also A. S. Wade was appointed Sergeant. Ed Northern, Andrew Varner and Wallace Ruff were appointed Corporals. I wish you to tell Father to get Mr. Vanderslice to make me a pair of Sergeant's chevrons [Chevrons]. Tell him to make them like the Cadets' are made. I cannot get a bit of Lace here or I would get them made here. If he cannot get the Lace at the Institute, go to Mr. James S. Smith's Jewelry Store, and tell him to let him have that Lace that belongs\nto Sergeant Boude. Tell him that Boude told me to send for it. Send them the first opportunity that you have as I wish to have them put on my coat.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYou ask why we were sent to Martinsburg and why we were kept in the House the day of the Election. I do not know why we were sent there, but I think that it was to keep down a disturbance if there should be any. Our Company was not locked up the day of the Election, but we were required to be at our quarters, so that if we were needed we would all be together. The voting was done at the Court House just across the street from our Quarters. All of our Company that had a vote cast them for Ratification. A good\nmany of our Company had no vote. I was one that could not vote. You say that James Suddarth was greatly elated, because his Company was ordered off. Let him come and go through what we have gone through and I think too that he will have the wire edge taken off him. I think it will go rather hard with that Company if they have much duty to do as they have been used to lazing about College and doing nothing.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYou also asked to send my likeness if I could spare the money. I sent you my likeness by John Breedlove nearly two weeks ago and I sent my likeness to Sis by Col. Ruff about a week ago.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe have not drawn any wages yet and I do not think that we will get them soon. Some of the Companies I hear have been paid, but I do not know whether to believe it or not. My money is almost gone. I do not know what I will do when my money gives out. Money will get anything that we need. Moody is with the Company now. He looks real pitiful. I do not know whether the Company will allow him to stay or not. Nothing will be done with him. I think he is punished sufficiently, the men hardly speak to him.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhen we got to this place on Saturday evening, twenty five men were detailed to go back within two miles of Martinsburg to burn the Bridge across the Opequon River. I was Sergeant of the detachment. We walked about eight miles up the Rail Road and then got a hand car and worked our way within a mile of the Bridge. We stopped there and Lieut. Edmondson, myself and ten others went forward to reconnoiter (We expected to have a skirmish as the Citizens of Martinsburg (the Union men) said that we should not burn the bridge). When we got within sight of the Bridge we found a sentinel pacing on top of the Bridge. We immediately sent back and informed the reserve that there was a guard on the Bridge and for them to come on. We marched up to the Bridge. When we got there two others appeared and asked us where we were going to. We told them that we were going to stop there. Then they asked us to what we were going to do. We told them that we were going to burn the Bridge. Then one of the three that\nwas at the Bridge said that he must go up to a house that was just above the Bridge and see the Captain of the Guard. As soon as he got to the Guard House and told the Captain of the Guard that there was a detachment at the Bridge, he called out his whole guard (amounting to 31 men) with their arms and came to the Bridge. We expected to have a fight, then as some of them said that the Bridge should not be burned while we were talking, the reserve of 13 men came up and they backed out. We kindled about twenty fires in the Bridge and set them afire. At eight o'clock Sunday morning, the bridge was in ashes. Not a particle of it was left except the butments. While the Bridge was burning the Guard from Martinsburg stood upon the other side and watched until the Bridge was consumed but did not attempt to interfere. If they had they would have met with a warm reception as we were well prepared and went with the determination to burn the Bridge. We burnt the Bridge by the order of Gen. Johnson to prevent\nthe Federal Troops from coming down on the Baltimore and Ohio railroad. Two bridges were burnt above near Grafton on the same road last week.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYou spoke of hearing that there was a fight at the ferry. There has not been one here, and I do not think that there will be one at this place. I think if the Federal Troops invade Virginia, that they will come through Maryland and enter Virginia just opposite of Martinsburg and march across to Winchester (22 miles) so as to cut off the supplies that are intended for this place. I think that the troops here ought to burn every house in the Ferry and move to Winchester as there is nothing here now to protect as the Machinery has all been removed and is not in Richmond. There is a force of about 18000 at this place now and they are still coming every day. There is a force of 36000 at Manassas junction on the Orange and Alexandria Rail Road near Alexandria. All of the reports of fights between the forces is false. There has not been an engagement any where yet and I do not think that there\nwill be soon as Congress (U. S.) does not meet until the 4th of July and they have the power to declare war, (not Lincoln.)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhen the Federal Troops do invade the South they will find that the Southern Troops are well prepared and ready for a fight. The South has received 200000 stand of arms from Europe and plenty of material has been found in Arkansas to make powder. Richmond has five Cap manufacturers in operation fifty thousand percussion caps passed over the Baltimore and Ohio road to the South marked Garden Seeds last week. Just as I am writing a regiment went into a field to drill. Jo Neff is looking out of the window at them. J. says just look at them; G-d, ain't there a lot of them; don't that look like war; just suppose them were Federal Troops; if they were to fire, what a hole they would make; and fifty other expressions, you can imagine what they are like as you have heard him talk often. He has an oath about every other word. Tell Cousin Ann that Joe is well and sends his love.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSome time ago you said that is John Donald wanted some check shirts that you would make them for him. He says that he will be very much obliged to you for them as he has nothing but his white shirts. Tell father that he is getting real fat, and is as full of fun as ever. He sends his best respects. He also sends his respects to Jake Smith, and says to tell Jake that he would like to be in\nLexington to see John William. We have got the name of the being of the best company at the Ferry, and have the healthiest men and are able to stand more than any other company here. As we go along, the soldiers say there goes the Rockbridge Boys. I believe that we have done more than any two companies since we have been here. There are thirty men from Baltimore that want to join our company. They belong to the Baltimore Rifles. They cannot form a company of their own as there is not enough of them here and they say that they want to join Capt. Letcher's Company. I do not know whether we will take them or not.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTell Cousin Sarah that I have received her letter and and will answer as soon as I can. I also received a letter from Tribbett(?) which I have not answered. Mrs. Dodd died in Winchester last Thursday (Robert Dodd's Mother) and was buried last Friday. Miss Lizzie Dodd says that she is going to send me another box of Cakes soon. Edward Norgrove sends his best respects to all of our family and says to tell his Mother that he is well and to give her his love. He was with the crowd that went to Opequon Bridge.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTell Father not to pay for those things that I got the morning that we left Lexington, that they will be paid for out of the money that was appropriated by the county for equipping the Volunteers of Rockbridge. I got two pairs of drawers and two shirts at Switzer's. A pea jacket at Young's worth $2.75, and a pair of buckskin gloves at Capt. Bakers, a pair of boots at Tom Deaver's worth $6.50,\nand a silk handkerchief at George White's. We have got new Military Caps, (Grey) new canteens and new shirts since we have been here.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJohn and Sam Charlton send their best respects to our folks. John says to give Jake Smith his best respects. Bowyer sends his respects to Smith. George Chapin says to give his love to all of his folks and tell them that he is well.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp at Manassas 10 o'clock p.m.\u003cbr\u003e\nJuly 21st\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Mother,\u003cbr\u003e\nAccording to promise I will attempt to give you a faint description of what I witnessed since I left home. I got to Staunton about 12 o'clock on Friday night. I was very sick at Staunton and had to stay until this morning. I came down to this place today.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThey have been fighting from sunrise until Sunset today. About 12000 of the Yankees were killed. Our loss is estimated at 3 or 4,000, our company fared rather badly. Asbury McClure was killed. He died in the arms of Sandy Gordon and James Gillock. Joel Neff, Jno Moody, Preston Davidson \u0026amp; Charley Rollins were wounded, and Miller was wounded mortally. Moody and Davidson were wounded in the shoulder. Charley was knocked down by a piece of shell and cut on the head, he is not hurt much just a small cut on his head, he is sitting by me laughing and talking now, it does not prevent him from going about at all, it will not unfit him for duty. Tom Rollins came out unhurt, Joe Neff is wounded in the hand. Tell Mrs. McCown that Mac came out unhurt. Our regiment drove the Yankees back at the point of the bayonet. Joe Neff knocked a Yankee's brains out with the butt of his gun.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI do not know whether any more of the company are hurt. I have not seen the main body of the company. Lieut. Lewis \u0026amp;\nEdmondson are safe, also Horace Wallace. About 50,000 of the Yankees were engaged, about 30000 of our force. We took 6 pieces of Rifled Cannon. General Patterson has been taken prisoner.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI expect I will be home in 3 or 4 days. Capt. White's company were in the fight and none were killed as far as I can hear. Capt. White's Liberty Hall Vols. had one killed, Paxton, and 3 wounded. Bell of his company was mortally wounded. I have not seen Tom or Jerry Kelly. All of the Regulars of the Yankees were engaged today.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIt is an awful sight to see the wounded and the dead. I supposed both sides will bury their dead tomorrow. I want to bring all of our wounded and dead home if I can. Our company was awfully cut up. The 2d South Carolina and 2d Mississippians were cut all to pieces.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLet Marion Parent read this letter and tell him it will have to answer for the one I promised to write. I will write tomorrow if I can.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYour affectionate Son,\u003cbr\u003e\nR. H. Campbell\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSam Charlton is safe \u0026amp; John is in Winchester.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHD'QRS U. S. Forces\u003cbr\u003e\nLexington, Va., July 5th, 1865\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGen'l Order,\u003cbr\u003e\nNo 1.\u003cbr\u003e\nI. In obedience to orders from Bvt. Maj. Gen'l Torbert commanding Army of the Shenandoah, the undersigned hereby assumes command of this Post.  In the absence of civil law, all orders from these Hd'Qrs will be obeyed by citizens and soldiers alike.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eII. On and after the publication of this order, no persons will be permitted to travel or promenade the streets after 12 o'clock (midnight).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIII. No Soldiers will be permitted in town, upon any pretext whatever, after 5 o'clock P.M. -- Any one violating this paragraph will be arrested and Court-Martialed\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIV. All negroes found upon the streets loitering about, without visible means of support, will be arrested and made go to work to earn a livelihood.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eV. No person will be allowed to sell intoxicating liquors of any kind, except permission is granted by the Provost Marshal.  And under no pretence will liquor of any kind be sold or furnished to soldiers, or to persons who will furnish it to soldiers.  Any persons violating this paragraph will be subject to arrest, and their entire stock of liquors will be confiscated.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWm. W. Stewart\u003cbr\u003e\nCol. Com'd'g\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription"],"odd_tesim":["HeadQuarters Rockbridge Rifles \nMt. Sidney Augusta Co. \nSaturday morning 6 o'clock a.m.","Dear Father: \nHaving a spare hour I thought I would write you a few lines. We arrived in Staunton about five o'clock Friday morning and stopped at the Virginia House, where we were as well treated as if we were paying $3 per day. We left Staunton at half past three yesterday and arrived at this place about dark. We go on from here to Harrisonburg today. None of us will have to walk we think, as the people all around will furnish us all they can. They have here sent a great many of their conveyances away with their own men who left for Harper's Ferry yesterday. We think that that will be our destination.","We have certainly been well treated so far. We have every comfort that we could get if we were at home. The people could not treat us better if we were their own sons. They say that men who are going to fight for their country should have the best that the land can afford while they can possibly get it.","Eight of us staid at a gentleman's house here by the name of Hyde. He is a relation of Thos. T. Hyde and is certainly a gentleman. Mac, Sandy Gordon, John Middleton, Dave Riley, Reed Hanger, Jos. Marston, John Edmondson and myself composed the squad who staid last night.","My love to everybody and tell them that every one of us will be back in Lexington again. I have to close as we will start in a short time. Excuse bad writing as I am in a hurry, have a bad pen, \u0026 c. Tell mother to keep up a good heart. Also Mrs. McCown for Mac he will write tomorrow. We are all in fine spirits. Yours affectionately, R. Henry Campbell.","Tell Mr. Deaver that J. Marston is perfectly well again and sends his love to Mr. Deaver's family, and all others.","Shenandoah Co. \nMt. Jackson \nApril 20/61","Dear Mother \nWe left Mt. Sidney on Saturday morning and arrived in Harrisonburg on Saturday evening about 3 oclock. We were divided out among the citizens. Myself and four others went to a gentleman's by the name of Wilson. There was about fifteen young ladies there, we were treated very kindly. At 7 o'clock we were presented with a flag by the ladies of Harrisonburg representing the Confederated states, with a star for Virginia in the center.","We left Harrisonburg this (Sunday) morning and arrived at this place at six oclock. Part of the company put up at Mr. Farrah's Hotel (Mr. Tanquary's father in law) and the other part at Mr. Coalters Hotel. I am at the last named Hotel, and we are as well treated as if we were at home.","We start for Winchester tomorrow morning at 7 oclock. We are better treated than any other company I think, and the reason is this, our Captain is the Governor's brother, and he can get almost anything he asks for.","Give my love to all the family, to Uncle George, Grandmother, Aunt Marsy, and all the balance and accept a large portion for yourself. Your affectionate Son, R. Henry Campbell.","P.S. Give my respect to Mr. Turpin's family and tell Mrs. Turpin that Mr. Turpin is well and in fine spirits. R.H.C.","P.S. I will write again soon.","Harper's Ferry \nMay 4/1861","Dear Mother \nI write this morning to let you know how we all are. We are all in tolerable good health except Mr. Webb and Tanquary. They both expect to go home shortly.","We have a good deal of duty to attend to. We go to Reveille at 5 oclock a.m., squad drill at 5½ oclock, surgeons call at 6½ oclock, at 7 we have breakfast, at 8 first call for guard mounting, at 8½ second call for guard mounting, orderly hours 9 until ten, squad drill 10½ to 11½, Battalion drill 11½ to 12½ dinner 1, squad drill again 2½ to 3½, dress parade at 6, retreat at sundown, supper at 7, tattoo at 9½, taps at 10. Besides this we have to walk guard. I have not drank a drop of whisky or brandy since I left and I do not intend to do so until I get back. I think that I can do as well without it as with it. Col. Jackson has forbid the Liquor Dealers to sell to the soldiers, but they still get it on the sly. I believe that there is less whisky drank in our company than in any other company here.","Tell father that John Donald has not drank a drop of liquor since he left and I do not think that he will. He was the same dry wit that he had about him when at home. He sends his best respects to our family, also to Mr. Jacob Smith.","Every evening we have singing after supper. James Campbell, John and Sam Charlton lead, they generally commence with \"Do they miss me at home,\" then they sing two or three hymns and finish up with \"They miss me at home.\"","We are divided off into messes; each corporal and sergeant has charge of a mess. I have nine in my mess--myself, McCown, Kelly T., Kelly J., McMarra, Mullen, Lynch, Ashery McClure, and Charley Rollins. I appoint one man every day to cook for the rest. I have to go and get the provisions three times a day from the Quartermaster.","I wish you would send me some paper collars if you can get them. They are better than the Linen collars. I can wear one of them a week and then you do not have the trouble of washing.","Give my love to all and tell some of my friends to write to me. You do not know how eagerly we await the coming of the mail, and how disappointed we are if we do not get a letter. No more at present from your affectionate son, \nR. Henry Campbell.","Harper's Ferry May 19 \n6 ½ A.M.","Dear Father, \nWe expect to leave for Sheppardstown at 8 o'clock this morning. If we do not go I will write tomorrow again. We were in arms all of last night, expecting an attack. It was currently reported and believed that 10000 Federal Troops were within a few miles and were marching on to attack us this morning. I hardly think it is so. Tell the people in Lexington who have friends and relatives here that if we move we will write as soon as we reach our destination. All are well. John Edmondson is improving and will be well in a short time. My love to all. Tell mother and sis I will write and answer their letters as soon as I can. The Grays \u0026 artillery are here. No more at present. I remain your affectionate son. \nR. Henry Campbell.","Martinsburg May 21/61","Dear Mother, \nWe arrived at place on Tuesday night at eight o'clock. We did not certainly know where we were going to when we left the Ferry as we were marching under sealed orders. Our Captain did not know where we were going when we left the Ferry, as he was prohibited from opening his orders until after he left the Ferry. We came to our journey's end much sooner than we expected, for it was generally believed before we left (as I wrote to Father) that we were going to Wheeling.","I like the looks of Martinsburg very much. It is a very nice place. It contains some beautiful residences. Its population is 4000. Almost all of the inhabitants are still for the Union. The Ladies all play (on the piano) Hail Columbia \u0026 Star Spangled Banner. This County gave seven hundred majority for the Union.","We have excellent quarters. We are quartered in the Town Hall. Gen. Davis is in command at Richmond, Gen. Beauregard at Norfolk, Gen. Johnson has superceded Col. Jackson at the Ferry. I sent my likeness by John Breedlove to you. I gave it to him the morning we left the Ferry. He expected to start for home the next day. I intend to send Sis my likeness by the first one who goes home.","We are all well and in good spirits. I would have written sooner but have not has time. Charley Rollins is not with the Company. He is an Orderly at Head Quarters in Harper's Ferry. He wrote me word that he would join us the last of this week. He is well and sends his respects.","Tell Sis and Father that I will answer their letters as soon as I can. No more at present, but I remain your affectionate Son, \nR. Henry Campbell","P. S. Write soon. My love to all. R. H. C.","Martinsburg Va. May 29/61","Dear Sister, \nI write again this morning to let you know that we are all well and in good spirits. We have been very kindly treated by the Citizens since we have been here. They still continue to send us provisions every day. The Ladies send us bouquets every day; and are continually sending invitations to dine and take tea with them.","There has been a great change since we have been here. When we first came, the most of the Citizens were Unionists, a great many of them have changed and become Secessionists. When we came, our flag was the only Secession flag that could be seen. Now you can see them on every street. The Ladies wear them pinned to their dresses.","I attended church three times last Sunday. In the morning we went to the Methodist, in the evening I went to the German Evangelical, and then to the Lutheran. All of the proceedings were carried on in Dutch at the German Evangelical.","I sent my likeness to you on last Monday by Col. Ruff. I sent one to Mother by John Breedlove the morning we left the Ferry.","There is no news of interest at present, therefore I will have to close for the want of material. Write soon. I remain your affectionate Brother. \nR. Henry Campbell.","Harper's Ferry June 3d 1861","Dear Mother, \nI received your kind letter that you sent by Mr. Charlton. I do not receive half the number of letters now that I did some time ago. I have no doubts about your writing often, but think it is the fault of the Mail Carries \u0026 Post Masters.","I received the Cakes and sugars. Tell Sis they are very nice and that I am much obliged to her. We will not get such eatables here. While we were in Martinsburg, we had plenty of nice provisions, but since we have been here we get nothing but Soldiers fare. Our Company left Martinsburg on the morning of the first of June. All of the Citizens were very sorry to see us leave. They\nsay that if they are going to station a Company in Martinsburg, that they want us to come back. They say that we are the most gentlemanly set of men that they have seen, and that they would rather have us there than to have their own town Company.","Last week I was appointed Sergeant by our Officers. Also A. S. Wade was appointed Sergeant. Ed Northern, Andrew Varner and Wallace Ruff were appointed Corporals. I wish you to tell Father to get Mr. Vanderslice to make me a pair of Sergeant's chevrons [Chevrons]. Tell him to make them like the Cadets' are made. I cannot get a bit of Lace here or I would get them made here. If he cannot get the Lace at the Institute, go to Mr. James S. Smith's Jewelry Store, and tell him to let him have that Lace that belongs\nto Sergeant Boude. Tell him that Boude told me to send for it. Send them the first opportunity that you have as I wish to have them put on my coat.","You ask why we were sent to Martinsburg and why we were kept in the House the day of the Election. I do not know why we were sent there, but I think that it was to keep down a disturbance if there should be any. Our Company was not locked up the day of the Election, but we were required to be at our quarters, so that if we were needed we would all be together. The voting was done at the Court House just across the street from our Quarters. All of our Company that had a vote cast them for Ratification. A good\nmany of our Company had no vote. I was one that could not vote. You say that James Suddarth was greatly elated, because his Company was ordered off. Let him come and go through what we have gone through and I think too that he will have the wire edge taken off him. I think it will go rather hard with that Company if they have much duty to do as they have been used to lazing about College and doing nothing.","You also asked to send my likeness if I could spare the money. I sent you my likeness by John Breedlove nearly two weeks ago and I sent my likeness to Sis by Col. Ruff about a week ago.","We have not drawn any wages yet and I do not think that we will get them soon. Some of the Companies I hear have been paid, but I do not know whether to believe it or not. My money is almost gone. I do not know what I will do when my money gives out. Money will get anything that we need. Moody is with the Company now. He looks real pitiful. I do not know whether the Company will allow him to stay or not. Nothing will be done with him. I think he is punished sufficiently, the men hardly speak to him.","When we got to this place on Saturday evening, twenty five men were detailed to go back within two miles of Martinsburg to burn the Bridge across the Opequon River. I was Sergeant of the detachment. We walked about eight miles up the Rail Road and then got a hand car and worked our way within a mile of the Bridge. We stopped there and Lieut. Edmondson, myself and ten others went forward to reconnoiter (We expected to have a skirmish as the Citizens of Martinsburg (the Union men) said that we should not burn the bridge). When we got within sight of the Bridge we found a sentinel pacing on top of the Bridge. We immediately sent back and informed the reserve that there was a guard on the Bridge and for them to come on. We marched up to the Bridge. When we got there two others appeared and asked us where we were going to. We told them that we were going to stop there. Then they asked us to what we were going to do. We told them that we were going to burn the Bridge. Then one of the three that\nwas at the Bridge said that he must go up to a house that was just above the Bridge and see the Captain of the Guard. As soon as he got to the Guard House and told the Captain of the Guard that there was a detachment at the Bridge, he called out his whole guard (amounting to 31 men) with their arms and came to the Bridge. We expected to have a fight, then as some of them said that the Bridge should not be burned while we were talking, the reserve of 13 men came up and they backed out. We kindled about twenty fires in the Bridge and set them afire. At eight o'clock Sunday morning, the bridge was in ashes. Not a particle of it was left except the butments. While the Bridge was burning the Guard from Martinsburg stood upon the other side and watched until the Bridge was consumed but did not attempt to interfere. If they had they would have met with a warm reception as we were well prepared and went with the determination to burn the Bridge. We burnt the Bridge by the order of Gen. Johnson to prevent\nthe Federal Troops from coming down on the Baltimore and Ohio railroad. Two bridges were burnt above near Grafton on the same road last week.","You spoke of hearing that there was a fight at the ferry. There has not been one here, and I do not think that there will be one at this place. I think if the Federal Troops invade Virginia, that they will come through Maryland and enter Virginia just opposite of Martinsburg and march across to Winchester (22 miles) so as to cut off the supplies that are intended for this place. I think that the troops here ought to burn every house in the Ferry and move to Winchester as there is nothing here now to protect as the Machinery has all been removed and is not in Richmond. There is a force of about 18000 at this place now and they are still coming every day. There is a force of 36000 at Manassas junction on the Orange and Alexandria Rail Road near Alexandria. All of the reports of fights between the forces is false. There has not been an engagement any where yet and I do not think that there\nwill be soon as Congress (U. S.) does not meet until the 4th of July and they have the power to declare war, (not Lincoln.)","When the Federal Troops do invade the South they will find that the Southern Troops are well prepared and ready for a fight. The South has received 200000 stand of arms from Europe and plenty of material has been found in Arkansas to make powder. Richmond has five Cap manufacturers in operation fifty thousand percussion caps passed over the Baltimore and Ohio road to the South marked Garden Seeds last week. Just as I am writing a regiment went into a field to drill. Jo Neff is looking out of the window at them. J. says just look at them; G-d, ain't there a lot of them; don't that look like war; just suppose them were Federal Troops; if they were to fire, what a hole they would make; and fifty other expressions, you can imagine what they are like as you have heard him talk often. He has an oath about every other word. Tell Cousin Ann that Joe is well and sends his love.","Some time ago you said that is John Donald wanted some check shirts that you would make them for him. He says that he will be very much obliged to you for them as he has nothing but his white shirts. Tell father that he is getting real fat, and is as full of fun as ever. He sends his best respects. He also sends his respects to Jake Smith, and says to tell Jake that he would like to be in\nLexington to see John William. We have got the name of the being of the best company at the Ferry, and have the healthiest men and are able to stand more than any other company here. As we go along, the soldiers say there goes the Rockbridge Boys. I believe that we have done more than any two companies since we have been here. There are thirty men from Baltimore that want to join our company. They belong to the Baltimore Rifles. They cannot form a company of their own as there is not enough of them here and they say that they want to join Capt. Letcher's Company. I do not know whether we will take them or not.","Tell Cousin Sarah that I have received her letter and and will answer as soon as I can. I also received a letter from Tribbett(?) which I have not answered. Mrs. Dodd died in Winchester last Thursday (Robert Dodd's Mother) and was buried last Friday. Miss Lizzie Dodd says that she is going to send me another box of Cakes soon. Edward Norgrove sends his best respects to all of our family and says to tell his Mother that he is well and to give her his love. He was with the crowd that went to Opequon Bridge.","Tell Father not to pay for those things that I got the morning that we left Lexington, that they will be paid for out of the money that was appropriated by the county for equipping the Volunteers of Rockbridge. I got two pairs of drawers and two shirts at Switzer's. A pea jacket at Young's worth $2.75, and a pair of buckskin gloves at Capt. Bakers, a pair of boots at Tom Deaver's worth $6.50,\nand a silk handkerchief at George White's. We have got new Military Caps, (Grey) new canteens and new shirts since we have been here.","John and Sam Charlton send their best respects to our folks. John says to give Jake Smith his best respects. Bowyer sends his respects to Smith. George Chapin says to give his love to all of his folks and tell them that he is well.","Camp at Manassas 10 o'clock p.m. \nJuly 21st","Dear Mother, \nAccording to promise I will attempt to give you a faint description of what I witnessed since I left home. I got to Staunton about 12 o'clock on Friday night. I was very sick at Staunton and had to stay until this morning. I came down to this place today.","They have been fighting from sunrise until Sunset today. About 12000 of the Yankees were killed. Our loss is estimated at 3 or 4,000, our company fared rather badly. Asbury McClure was killed. He died in the arms of Sandy Gordon and James Gillock. Joel Neff, Jno Moody, Preston Davidson \u0026 Charley Rollins were wounded, and Miller was wounded mortally. Moody and Davidson were wounded in the shoulder. Charley was knocked down by a piece of shell and cut on the head, he is not hurt much just a small cut on his head, he is sitting by me laughing and talking now, it does not prevent him from going about at all, it will not unfit him for duty. Tom Rollins came out unhurt, Joe Neff is wounded in the hand. Tell Mrs. McCown that Mac came out unhurt. Our regiment drove the Yankees back at the point of the bayonet. Joe Neff knocked a Yankee's brains out with the butt of his gun.","I do not know whether any more of the company are hurt. I have not seen the main body of the company. Lieut. Lewis \u0026\nEdmondson are safe, also Horace Wallace. About 50,000 of the Yankees were engaged, about 30000 of our force. We took 6 pieces of Rifled Cannon. General Patterson has been taken prisoner.","I expect I will be home in 3 or 4 days. Capt. White's company were in the fight and none were killed as far as I can hear. Capt. White's Liberty Hall Vols. had one killed, Paxton, and 3 wounded. Bell of his company was mortally wounded. I have not seen Tom or Jerry Kelly. All of the Regulars of the Yankees were engaged today.","It is an awful sight to see the wounded and the dead. I supposed both sides will bury their dead tomorrow. I want to bring all of our wounded and dead home if I can. Our company was awfully cut up. The 2d South Carolina and 2d Mississippians were cut all to pieces.","Let Marion Parent read this letter and tell him it will have to answer for the one I promised to write. I will write tomorrow if I can.","Your affectionate Son, \nR. H. Campbell","Sam Charlton is safe \u0026 John is in Winchester.","HD'QRS U. S. Forces \nLexington, Va., July 5th, 1865","Gen'l Order, \nNo 1. \nI. In obedience to orders from Bvt. Maj. Gen'l Torbert commanding Army of the Shenandoah, the undersigned hereby assumes command of this Post.  In the absence of civil law, all orders from these Hd'Qrs will be obeyed by citizens and soldiers alike.","II. On and after the publication of this order, no persons will be permitted to travel or promenade the streets after 12 o'clock (midnight).","III. No Soldiers will be permitted in town, upon any pretext whatever, after 5 o'clock P.M. -- Any one violating this paragraph will be arrested and Court-Martialed","IV. All negroes found upon the streets loitering about, without visible means of support, will be arrested and made go to work to earn a livelihood.","V. No person will be allowed to sell intoxicating liquors of any kind, except permission is granted by the Provost Marshal.  And under no pretence will liquor of any kind be sold or furnished to soldiers, or to persons who will furnish it to soldiers.  Any persons violating this paragraph will be subject to arrest, and their entire stock of liquors will be confiscated.","Wm. W. Stewart \nCol. Com'd'g"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCampbell and Varner family papers. Manuscript # 0282. Virginia Military Institute Archives\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Campbell and Varner family papers. Manuscript # 0282. Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis  collection consists of correspondence, photographs, and documents of R. Henry Campbell and members of the Varner Family of Lexington, Virginia. The families are related through the marriage of Campbell's sister, Augusta, to Varner.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes Civil War letters of soldiers R. Henry Campbell (dated April-July, 1861) and Charles V. Varner (dated 1864-1865). The letters were written while they were serving with the Rockbridge Rifles (part of the 4th, 5th, and 27th Virginia Infantry regiments at various dates during the War). Significant topics in Campbell's letters include the unit's stay at Harper's Ferry and Martinsburg, and the 1st Battle of Manassas (1st Bull Run).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAdditional correspondence of R. Henry Campbell (dated 1864-1865) was written after he accepted a position in the Treasurer-Quartermaster office at VMI. This correspondence includes:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA note (dated May 13, 1864) before the Battle of New Market\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA letter written on June 14 after Hunter's Raid from the cadet camp at Rope Ferry\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLetters describing life at VMI's temporary headquarters at the Alms House in Richmond, Virginia, and life in wartime Richmond, including mention of the use of black troops\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\nOther items in this collection include:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTwo notebooks (circa 1861-1862 and 1864) that contain an early roster of Rockbridge rifles and a list of killed and wounded\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFamily photographs\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA broadside (July 1865) concerning the occupation of Lexington by Union troops\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFamily documents, including \"Rules for the Lexington Classical School\" (1845)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Augusta County, Virginia. The letter regards being treated kindly by civilians and the march toward Harrisonburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Senandoah County, Virginia. Letter describes stay in Harrisonburg, Virginia and news that they are traveling to Winchester, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Harper's Ferry, West Virginia. Letter regards life and schedule in camp.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Harpers Ferry, West Virginia. Letter regards an expected attack that did not occur.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Martinsburg, West Virginia. Letter regards a Union sentiment among townspeople.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Martinsburg, West Virginia. Letter regards general news and mentions that secessionist sentiment is increasing in town.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Harpers Ferry, West Virginia. Letter regards general news, a burned bridge across the Opequon River, and no wages.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Manassas, Virginia. Letter provides an account of the First Battle of Manassas/Battle of Bull Run.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This  collection consists of correspondence, photographs, and documents of R. Henry Campbell and members of the Varner Family of Lexington, Virginia. The families are related through the marriage of Campbell's sister, Augusta, to Varner.","The collection includes Civil War letters of soldiers R. Henry Campbell (dated April-July, 1861) and Charles V. Varner (dated 1864-1865). The letters were written while they were serving with the Rockbridge Rifles (part of the 4th, 5th, and 27th Virginia Infantry regiments at various dates during the War). Significant topics in Campbell's letters include the unit's stay at Harper's Ferry and Martinsburg, and the 1st Battle of Manassas (1st Bull Run).","Additional correspondence of R. Henry Campbell (dated 1864-1865) was written after he accepted a position in the Treasurer-Quartermaster office at VMI. This correspondence includes:\n A note (dated May 13, 1864) before the Battle of New Market A letter written on June 14 after Hunter's Raid from the cadet camp at Rope Ferry Letters describing life at VMI's temporary headquarters at the Alms House in Richmond, Virginia, and life in wartime Richmond, including mention of the use of black troops \nOther items in this collection include:\n Two notebooks (circa 1861-1862 and 1864) that contain an early roster of Rockbridge rifles and a list of killed and wounded Family photographs A broadside (July 1865) concerning the occupation of Lexington by Union troops Family documents, including \"Rules for the Lexington Classical School\" (1845)","Written from Augusta County, Virginia. The letter regards being treated kindly by civilians and the march toward Harrisonburg, Virginia.","Written from Senandoah County, Virginia. Letter describes stay in Harrisonburg, Virginia and news that they are traveling to Winchester, Virginia.","Written from Harper's Ferry, West Virginia. Letter regards life and schedule in camp.","Written from Harpers Ferry, West Virginia. Letter regards an expected attack that did not occur.","Written from Martinsburg, West Virginia. Letter regards a Union sentiment among townspeople.","Written from Martinsburg, West Virginia. Letter regards general news and mentions that secessionist sentiment is increasing in town.","Written from Harpers Ferry, West Virginia. Letter regards general news, a burned bridge across the Opequon River, and no wages.","Written from Manassas, Virginia. Letter provides an account of the First Battle of Manassas/Battle of Bull Run."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_1d50d6a9584a5b1bf4b813102a258aa3\"\u003eManuscripts stacks and oversized case 2\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks and oversized case 2"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Campbell family","Varner family","Varner, Charles V. (Charles Van Buren), 1838-1907","Varner, Andrew W. (Andrew Wallace), 1831-1910","Campbell, R. Henry (Robert Henry), ?-1870","Edmondson, James K., 1832-1898","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","Stewart, William W., Colonel"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"names_coll_ssim":["Campbell family","Varner family","Edmondson, James K., 1832-1898"],"famname_ssim":["Campbell family","Varner family"],"persname_ssim":["Varner, Charles V. (Charles Van Buren), 1838-1907","Varner, Andrew W. (Andrew Wallace), 1831-1910","Campbell, R. Henry (Robert Henry), ?-1870","Edmondson, James K., 1832-1898","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","Stewart, William W., Colonel"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":9,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:13:02.393Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_364","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_364","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_364","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_364","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_364.xml","title_ssm":["Campbell and Varner family papers"],"title_tesim":["Campbell and Varner family papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1845-1928"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1845-1928"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0282","/repositories/3/resources/364"],"text":["MS.0282","/repositories/3/resources/364","Campbell and Varner family papers","Richmond (Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Martinsburg, (W. Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American","Freemasons, Lexington, Va. Mountain City Lodge No.67","Lexington (Va.) -- Schools -- 19th century","Confederate States of America. Army—Rockbridge Rifles","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 27th","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 4th","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 5th","Virginia Military Institute—Civil War, 1861-1865","Lexington (Va.) -- Freemasons, Mountain City Lodge No.67","Bull Run, 1st Battle of, Va., 1861","Soldiers—Virginia—Correspondence","Shenandoah Valley Campaign, 1864 (May-August)—Personal narratives","Lexington (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Hunter's Raid—Virginia—Lexington","Correspondence","Notebooks","There are no restrictions","A portion of this collection is available online","Robert Henry Campbell of Lexington, Virginia was a shoemaker. He served with the Rockbridge Rifles during the Civil War (1861 only) and was discharged due to illness (tuberculosis). Campbell then was a clerk and the Quartermaster and Treasurer at VMI from 1864 to 1870. He died in 1870 in Lexington, Virginia.","Charles Van Buren Varner was born in 1838 in Lexington, Virginia. He served with Rockbridge Rifles during Civil War. After the War he was a cabinetmaker and a carpenter at VMI. Varner dided in 1907 in Lexington.","The families are related through the marriage of Campbell's sister, Augusta, to Varner.","Following the surrender of the Confederacy at Appomattox, Virginia in April 1865, towns throughout the Shenandoah Valley were temporarily occupied by United States Army Forces tasked with solidifying federal control and maintaining order. This broadside was posted throughout the town of Lexington, Virginia.","HeadQuarters Rockbridge Rifles \nMt. Sidney Augusta Co. \nSaturday morning 6 o'clock a.m.","Dear Father: \nHaving a spare hour I thought I would write you a few lines. We arrived in Staunton about five o'clock Friday morning and stopped at the Virginia House, where we were as well treated as if we were paying $3 per day. We left Staunton at half past three yesterday and arrived at this place about dark. We go on from here to Harrisonburg today. None of us will have to walk we think, as the people all around will furnish us all they can. They have here sent a great many of their conveyances away with their own men who left for Harper's Ferry yesterday. We think that that will be our destination.","We have certainly been well treated so far. We have every comfort that we could get if we were at home. The people could not treat us better if we were their own sons. They say that men who are going to fight for their country should have the best that the land can afford while they can possibly get it.","Eight of us staid at a gentleman's house here by the name of Hyde. He is a relation of Thos. T. Hyde and is certainly a gentleman. Mac, Sandy Gordon, John Middleton, Dave Riley, Reed Hanger, Jos. Marston, John Edmondson and myself composed the squad who staid last night.","My love to everybody and tell them that every one of us will be back in Lexington again. I have to close as we will start in a short time. Excuse bad writing as I am in a hurry, have a bad pen, \u0026 c. Tell mother to keep up a good heart. Also Mrs. McCown for Mac he will write tomorrow. We are all in fine spirits. Yours affectionately, R. Henry Campbell.","Tell Mr. Deaver that J. Marston is perfectly well again and sends his love to Mr. Deaver's family, and all others.","Shenandoah Co. \nMt. Jackson \nApril 20/61","Dear Mother \nWe left Mt. Sidney on Saturday morning and arrived in Harrisonburg on Saturday evening about 3 oclock. We were divided out among the citizens. Myself and four others went to a gentleman's by the name of Wilson. There was about fifteen young ladies there, we were treated very kindly. At 7 o'clock we were presented with a flag by the ladies of Harrisonburg representing the Confederated states, with a star for Virginia in the center.","We left Harrisonburg this (Sunday) morning and arrived at this place at six oclock. Part of the company put up at Mr. Farrah's Hotel (Mr. Tanquary's father in law) and the other part at Mr. Coalters Hotel. I am at the last named Hotel, and we are as well treated as if we were at home.","We start for Winchester tomorrow morning at 7 oclock. We are better treated than any other company I think, and the reason is this, our Captain is the Governor's brother, and he can get almost anything he asks for.","Give my love to all the family, to Uncle George, Grandmother, Aunt Marsy, and all the balance and accept a large portion for yourself. Your affectionate Son, R. Henry Campbell.","P.S. Give my respect to Mr. Turpin's family and tell Mrs. Turpin that Mr. Turpin is well and in fine spirits. R.H.C.","P.S. I will write again soon.","Harper's Ferry \nMay 4/1861","Dear Mother \nI write this morning to let you know how we all are. We are all in tolerable good health except Mr. Webb and Tanquary. They both expect to go home shortly.","We have a good deal of duty to attend to. We go to Reveille at 5 oclock a.m., squad drill at 5½ oclock, surgeons call at 6½ oclock, at 7 we have breakfast, at 8 first call for guard mounting, at 8½ second call for guard mounting, orderly hours 9 until ten, squad drill 10½ to 11½, Battalion drill 11½ to 12½ dinner 1, squad drill again 2½ to 3½, dress parade at 6, retreat at sundown, supper at 7, tattoo at 9½, taps at 10. Besides this we have to walk guard. I have not drank a drop of whisky or brandy since I left and I do not intend to do so until I get back. I think that I can do as well without it as with it. Col. Jackson has forbid the Liquor Dealers to sell to the soldiers, but they still get it on the sly. I believe that there is less whisky drank in our company than in any other company here.","Tell father that John Donald has not drank a drop of liquor since he left and I do not think that he will. He was the same dry wit that he had about him when at home. He sends his best respects to our family, also to Mr. Jacob Smith.","Every evening we have singing after supper. James Campbell, John and Sam Charlton lead, they generally commence with \"Do they miss me at home,\" then they sing two or three hymns and finish up with \"They miss me at home.\"","We are divided off into messes; each corporal and sergeant has charge of a mess. I have nine in my mess--myself, McCown, Kelly T., Kelly J., McMarra, Mullen, Lynch, Ashery McClure, and Charley Rollins. I appoint one man every day to cook for the rest. I have to go and get the provisions three times a day from the Quartermaster.","I wish you would send me some paper collars if you can get them. They are better than the Linen collars. I can wear one of them a week and then you do not have the trouble of washing.","Give my love to all and tell some of my friends to write to me. You do not know how eagerly we await the coming of the mail, and how disappointed we are if we do not get a letter. No more at present from your affectionate son, \nR. Henry Campbell.","Harper's Ferry May 19 \n6 ½ A.M.","Dear Father, \nWe expect to leave for Sheppardstown at 8 o'clock this morning. If we do not go I will write tomorrow again. We were in arms all of last night, expecting an attack. It was currently reported and believed that 10000 Federal Troops were within a few miles and were marching on to attack us this morning. I hardly think it is so. Tell the people in Lexington who have friends and relatives here that if we move we will write as soon as we reach our destination. All are well. John Edmondson is improving and will be well in a short time. My love to all. Tell mother and sis I will write and answer their letters as soon as I can. The Grays \u0026 artillery are here. No more at present. I remain your affectionate son. \nR. Henry Campbell.","Martinsburg May 21/61","Dear Mother, \nWe arrived at place on Tuesday night at eight o'clock. We did not certainly know where we were going to when we left the Ferry as we were marching under sealed orders. Our Captain did not know where we were going when we left the Ferry, as he was prohibited from opening his orders until after he left the Ferry. We came to our journey's end much sooner than we expected, for it was generally believed before we left (as I wrote to Father) that we were going to Wheeling.","I like the looks of Martinsburg very much. It is a very nice place. It contains some beautiful residences. Its population is 4000. Almost all of the inhabitants are still for the Union. The Ladies all play (on the piano) Hail Columbia \u0026 Star Spangled Banner. This County gave seven hundred majority for the Union.","We have excellent quarters. We are quartered in the Town Hall. Gen. Davis is in command at Richmond, Gen. Beauregard at Norfolk, Gen. Johnson has superceded Col. Jackson at the Ferry. I sent my likeness by John Breedlove to you. I gave it to him the morning we left the Ferry. He expected to start for home the next day. I intend to send Sis my likeness by the first one who goes home.","We are all well and in good spirits. I would have written sooner but have not has time. Charley Rollins is not with the Company. He is an Orderly at Head Quarters in Harper's Ferry. He wrote me word that he would join us the last of this week. He is well and sends his respects.","Tell Sis and Father that I will answer their letters as soon as I can. No more at present, but I remain your affectionate Son, \nR. Henry Campbell","P. S. Write soon. My love to all. R. H. C.","Martinsburg Va. May 29/61","Dear Sister, \nI write again this morning to let you know that we are all well and in good spirits. We have been very kindly treated by the Citizens since we have been here. They still continue to send us provisions every day. The Ladies send us bouquets every day; and are continually sending invitations to dine and take tea with them.","There has been a great change since we have been here. When we first came, the most of the Citizens were Unionists, a great many of them have changed and become Secessionists. When we came, our flag was the only Secession flag that could be seen. Now you can see them on every street. The Ladies wear them pinned to their dresses.","I attended church three times last Sunday. In the morning we went to the Methodist, in the evening I went to the German Evangelical, and then to the Lutheran. All of the proceedings were carried on in Dutch at the German Evangelical.","I sent my likeness to you on last Monday by Col. Ruff. I sent one to Mother by John Breedlove the morning we left the Ferry.","There is no news of interest at present, therefore I will have to close for the want of material. Write soon. I remain your affectionate Brother. \nR. Henry Campbell.","Harper's Ferry June 3d 1861","Dear Mother, \nI received your kind letter that you sent by Mr. Charlton. I do not receive half the number of letters now that I did some time ago. I have no doubts about your writing often, but think it is the fault of the Mail Carries \u0026 Post Masters.","I received the Cakes and sugars. Tell Sis they are very nice and that I am much obliged to her. We will not get such eatables here. While we were in Martinsburg, we had plenty of nice provisions, but since we have been here we get nothing but Soldiers fare. Our Company left Martinsburg on the morning of the first of June. All of the Citizens were very sorry to see us leave. They\nsay that if they are going to station a Company in Martinsburg, that they want us to come back. They say that we are the most gentlemanly set of men that they have seen, and that they would rather have us there than to have their own town Company.","Last week I was appointed Sergeant by our Officers. Also A. S. Wade was appointed Sergeant. Ed Northern, Andrew Varner and Wallace Ruff were appointed Corporals. I wish you to tell Father to get Mr. Vanderslice to make me a pair of Sergeant's chevrons [Chevrons]. Tell him to make them like the Cadets' are made. I cannot get a bit of Lace here or I would get them made here. If he cannot get the Lace at the Institute, go to Mr. James S. Smith's Jewelry Store, and tell him to let him have that Lace that belongs\nto Sergeant Boude. Tell him that Boude told me to send for it. Send them the first opportunity that you have as I wish to have them put on my coat.","You ask why we were sent to Martinsburg and why we were kept in the House the day of the Election. I do not know why we were sent there, but I think that it was to keep down a disturbance if there should be any. Our Company was not locked up the day of the Election, but we were required to be at our quarters, so that if we were needed we would all be together. The voting was done at the Court House just across the street from our Quarters. All of our Company that had a vote cast them for Ratification. A good\nmany of our Company had no vote. I was one that could not vote. You say that James Suddarth was greatly elated, because his Company was ordered off. Let him come and go through what we have gone through and I think too that he will have the wire edge taken off him. I think it will go rather hard with that Company if they have much duty to do as they have been used to lazing about College and doing nothing.","You also asked to send my likeness if I could spare the money. I sent you my likeness by John Breedlove nearly two weeks ago and I sent my likeness to Sis by Col. Ruff about a week ago.","We have not drawn any wages yet and I do not think that we will get them soon. Some of the Companies I hear have been paid, but I do not know whether to believe it or not. My money is almost gone. I do not know what I will do when my money gives out. Money will get anything that we need. Moody is with the Company now. He looks real pitiful. I do not know whether the Company will allow him to stay or not. Nothing will be done with him. I think he is punished sufficiently, the men hardly speak to him.","When we got to this place on Saturday evening, twenty five men were detailed to go back within two miles of Martinsburg to burn the Bridge across the Opequon River. I was Sergeant of the detachment. We walked about eight miles up the Rail Road and then got a hand car and worked our way within a mile of the Bridge. We stopped there and Lieut. Edmondson, myself and ten others went forward to reconnoiter (We expected to have a skirmish as the Citizens of Martinsburg (the Union men) said that we should not burn the bridge). When we got within sight of the Bridge we found a sentinel pacing on top of the Bridge. We immediately sent back and informed the reserve that there was a guard on the Bridge and for them to come on. We marched up to the Bridge. When we got there two others appeared and asked us where we were going to. We told them that we were going to stop there. Then they asked us to what we were going to do. We told them that we were going to burn the Bridge. Then one of the three that\nwas at the Bridge said that he must go up to a house that was just above the Bridge and see the Captain of the Guard. As soon as he got to the Guard House and told the Captain of the Guard that there was a detachment at the Bridge, he called out his whole guard (amounting to 31 men) with their arms and came to the Bridge. We expected to have a fight, then as some of them said that the Bridge should not be burned while we were talking, the reserve of 13 men came up and they backed out. We kindled about twenty fires in the Bridge and set them afire. At eight o'clock Sunday morning, the bridge was in ashes. Not a particle of it was left except the butments. While the Bridge was burning the Guard from Martinsburg stood upon the other side and watched until the Bridge was consumed but did not attempt to interfere. If they had they would have met with a warm reception as we were well prepared and went with the determination to burn the Bridge. We burnt the Bridge by the order of Gen. Johnson to prevent\nthe Federal Troops from coming down on the Baltimore and Ohio railroad. Two bridges were burnt above near Grafton on the same road last week.","You spoke of hearing that there was a fight at the ferry. There has not been one here, and I do not think that there will be one at this place. I think if the Federal Troops invade Virginia, that they will come through Maryland and enter Virginia just opposite of Martinsburg and march across to Winchester (22 miles) so as to cut off the supplies that are intended for this place. I think that the troops here ought to burn every house in the Ferry and move to Winchester as there is nothing here now to protect as the Machinery has all been removed and is not in Richmond. There is a force of about 18000 at this place now and they are still coming every day. There is a force of 36000 at Manassas junction on the Orange and Alexandria Rail Road near Alexandria. All of the reports of fights between the forces is false. There has not been an engagement any where yet and I do not think that there\nwill be soon as Congress (U. S.) does not meet until the 4th of July and they have the power to declare war, (not Lincoln.)","When the Federal Troops do invade the South they will find that the Southern Troops are well prepared and ready for a fight. The South has received 200000 stand of arms from Europe and plenty of material has been found in Arkansas to make powder. Richmond has five Cap manufacturers in operation fifty thousand percussion caps passed over the Baltimore and Ohio road to the South marked Garden Seeds last week. Just as I am writing a regiment went into a field to drill. Jo Neff is looking out of the window at them. J. says just look at them; G-d, ain't there a lot of them; don't that look like war; just suppose them were Federal Troops; if they were to fire, what a hole they would make; and fifty other expressions, you can imagine what they are like as you have heard him talk often. He has an oath about every other word. Tell Cousin Ann that Joe is well and sends his love.","Some time ago you said that is John Donald wanted some check shirts that you would make them for him. He says that he will be very much obliged to you for them as he has nothing but his white shirts. Tell father that he is getting real fat, and is as full of fun as ever. He sends his best respects. He also sends his respects to Jake Smith, and says to tell Jake that he would like to be in\nLexington to see John William. We have got the name of the being of the best company at the Ferry, and have the healthiest men and are able to stand more than any other company here. As we go along, the soldiers say there goes the Rockbridge Boys. I believe that we have done more than any two companies since we have been here. There are thirty men from Baltimore that want to join our company. They belong to the Baltimore Rifles. They cannot form a company of their own as there is not enough of them here and they say that they want to join Capt. Letcher's Company. I do not know whether we will take them or not.","Tell Cousin Sarah that I have received her letter and and will answer as soon as I can. I also received a letter from Tribbett(?) which I have not answered. Mrs. Dodd died in Winchester last Thursday (Robert Dodd's Mother) and was buried last Friday. Miss Lizzie Dodd says that she is going to send me another box of Cakes soon. Edward Norgrove sends his best respects to all of our family and says to tell his Mother that he is well and to give her his love. He was with the crowd that went to Opequon Bridge.","Tell Father not to pay for those things that I got the morning that we left Lexington, that they will be paid for out of the money that was appropriated by the county for equipping the Volunteers of Rockbridge. I got two pairs of drawers and two shirts at Switzer's. A pea jacket at Young's worth $2.75, and a pair of buckskin gloves at Capt. Bakers, a pair of boots at Tom Deaver's worth $6.50,\nand a silk handkerchief at George White's. We have got new Military Caps, (Grey) new canteens and new shirts since we have been here.","John and Sam Charlton send their best respects to our folks. John says to give Jake Smith his best respects. Bowyer sends his respects to Smith. George Chapin says to give his love to all of his folks and tell them that he is well.","Camp at Manassas 10 o'clock p.m. \nJuly 21st","Dear Mother, \nAccording to promise I will attempt to give you a faint description of what I witnessed since I left home. I got to Staunton about 12 o'clock on Friday night. I was very sick at Staunton and had to stay until this morning. I came down to this place today.","They have been fighting from sunrise until Sunset today. About 12000 of the Yankees were killed. Our loss is estimated at 3 or 4,000, our company fared rather badly. Asbury McClure was killed. He died in the arms of Sandy Gordon and James Gillock. Joel Neff, Jno Moody, Preston Davidson \u0026 Charley Rollins were wounded, and Miller was wounded mortally. Moody and Davidson were wounded in the shoulder. Charley was knocked down by a piece of shell and cut on the head, he is not hurt much just a small cut on his head, he is sitting by me laughing and talking now, it does not prevent him from going about at all, it will not unfit him for duty. Tom Rollins came out unhurt, Joe Neff is wounded in the hand. Tell Mrs. McCown that Mac came out unhurt. Our regiment drove the Yankees back at the point of the bayonet. Joe Neff knocked a Yankee's brains out with the butt of his gun.","I do not know whether any more of the company are hurt. I have not seen the main body of the company. Lieut. Lewis \u0026\nEdmondson are safe, also Horace Wallace. About 50,000 of the Yankees were engaged, about 30000 of our force. We took 6 pieces of Rifled Cannon. General Patterson has been taken prisoner.","I expect I will be home in 3 or 4 days. Capt. White's company were in the fight and none were killed as far as I can hear. Capt. White's Liberty Hall Vols. had one killed, Paxton, and 3 wounded. Bell of his company was mortally wounded. I have not seen Tom or Jerry Kelly. All of the Regulars of the Yankees were engaged today.","It is an awful sight to see the wounded and the dead. I supposed both sides will bury their dead tomorrow. I want to bring all of our wounded and dead home if I can. Our company was awfully cut up. The 2d South Carolina and 2d Mississippians were cut all to pieces.","Let Marion Parent read this letter and tell him it will have to answer for the one I promised to write. I will write tomorrow if I can.","Your affectionate Son, \nR. H. Campbell","Sam Charlton is safe \u0026 John is in Winchester.","HD'QRS U. S. Forces \nLexington, Va., July 5th, 1865","Gen'l Order, \nNo 1. \nI. In obedience to orders from Bvt. Maj. Gen'l Torbert commanding Army of the Shenandoah, the undersigned hereby assumes command of this Post.  In the absence of civil law, all orders from these Hd'Qrs will be obeyed by citizens and soldiers alike.","II. On and after the publication of this order, no persons will be permitted to travel or promenade the streets after 12 o'clock (midnight).","III. No Soldiers will be permitted in town, upon any pretext whatever, after 5 o'clock P.M. -- Any one violating this paragraph will be arrested and Court-Martialed","IV. All negroes found upon the streets loitering about, without visible means of support, will be arrested and made go to work to earn a livelihood.","V. No person will be allowed to sell intoxicating liquors of any kind, except permission is granted by the Provost Marshal.  And under no pretence will liquor of any kind be sold or furnished to soldiers, or to persons who will furnish it to soldiers.  Any persons violating this paragraph will be subject to arrest, and their entire stock of liquors will be confiscated.","Wm. W. Stewart \nCol. Com'd'g","This  collection consists of correspondence, photographs, and documents of R. Henry Campbell and members of the Varner Family of Lexington, Virginia. The families are related through the marriage of Campbell's sister, Augusta, to Varner.","The collection includes Civil War letters of soldiers R. Henry Campbell (dated April-July, 1861) and Charles V. Varner (dated 1864-1865). The letters were written while they were serving with the Rockbridge Rifles (part of the 4th, 5th, and 27th Virginia Infantry regiments at various dates during the War). Significant topics in Campbell's letters include the unit's stay at Harper's Ferry and Martinsburg, and the 1st Battle of Manassas (1st Bull Run).","Additional correspondence of R. Henry Campbell (dated 1864-1865) was written after he accepted a position in the Treasurer-Quartermaster office at VMI. This correspondence includes:\n A note (dated May 13, 1864) before the Battle of New Market A letter written on June 14 after Hunter's Raid from the cadet camp at Rope Ferry Letters describing life at VMI's temporary headquarters at the Alms House in Richmond, Virginia, and life in wartime Richmond, including mention of the use of black troops \nOther items in this collection include:\n Two notebooks (circa 1861-1862 and 1864) that contain an early roster of Rockbridge rifles and a list of killed and wounded Family photographs A broadside (July 1865) concerning the occupation of Lexington by Union troops Family documents, including \"Rules for the Lexington Classical School\" (1845)","Written from Augusta County, Virginia. The letter regards being treated kindly by civilians and the march toward Harrisonburg, Virginia.","Written from Senandoah County, Virginia. Letter describes stay in Harrisonburg, Virginia and news that they are traveling to Winchester, Virginia.","Written from Harper's Ferry, West Virginia. Letter regards life and schedule in camp.","Written from Harpers Ferry, West Virginia. Letter regards an expected attack that did not occur.","Written from Martinsburg, West Virginia. Letter regards a Union sentiment among townspeople.","Written from Martinsburg, West Virginia. Letter regards general news and mentions that secessionist sentiment is increasing in town.","Written from Harpers Ferry, West Virginia. Letter regards general news, a burned bridge across the Opequon River, and no wages.","Written from Manassas, Virginia. Letter provides an account of the First Battle of Manassas/Battle of Bull Run.","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks and oversized case 2","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Campbell family","Varner family","Varner, Charles V. (Charles Van Buren), 1838-1907","Varner, Andrew W. (Andrew Wallace), 1831-1910","Campbell, R. Henry (Robert Henry), ?-1870","Edmondson, James K., 1832-1898","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","Stewart, William W., Colonel","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0282","/repositories/3/resources/364"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Campbell and Varner family papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Campbell and Varner family papers"],"collection_ssim":["Campbell and Varner family papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Richmond (Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Martinsburg, (W. Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American","Freemasons, Lexington, Va. Mountain City Lodge No.67","Lexington (Va.) -- Schools -- 19th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Richmond (Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Martinsburg, (W. Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American","Freemasons, Lexington, Va. Mountain City Lodge No.67","Lexington (Va.) -- Schools -- 19th century"],"creator_ssm":["Varner, Charles V. (Charles Van Buren), 1838-1907","Varner, Andrew W. (Andrew Wallace), 1831-1910","Campbell, R. Henry (Robert Henry), ?-1870"],"creator_ssim":["Varner, Charles V. (Charles Van Buren), 1838-1907","Varner, Andrew W. (Andrew Wallace), 1831-1910","Campbell, R. Henry (Robert Henry), ?-1870"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Varner, Charles V. (Charles Van Buren), 1838-1907","Varner, Andrew W. (Andrew Wallace), 1831-1910","Campbell, R. Henry (Robert Henry), ?-1870"],"creators_ssim":["Varner, Charles V. (Charles Van Buren), 1838-1907","Varner, Andrew W. (Andrew Wallace), 1831-1910","Campbell, R. Henry (Robert Henry), ?-1870"],"places_ssim":["Richmond (Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Martinsburg, (W. Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Participation, African American","Freemasons, Lexington, Va. Mountain City Lodge No.67","Lexington (Va.) -- Schools -- 19th century"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Confederate States of America. Army—Rockbridge Rifles","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 27th","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 4th","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 5th","Virginia Military Institute—Civil War, 1861-1865","Lexington (Va.) -- Freemasons, Mountain City Lodge No.67","Bull Run, 1st Battle of, Va., 1861","Soldiers—Virginia—Correspondence","Shenandoah Valley Campaign, 1864 (May-August)—Personal narratives","Lexington (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Hunter's Raid—Virginia—Lexington","Correspondence","Notebooks"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Confederate States of America. Army—Rockbridge Rifles","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 27th","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 4th","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 5th","Virginia Military Institute—Civil War, 1861-1865","Lexington (Va.) -- Freemasons, Mountain City Lodge No.67","Bull Run, 1st Battle of, Va., 1861","Soldiers—Virginia—Correspondence","Shenandoah Valley Campaign, 1864 (May-August)—Personal narratives","Lexington (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Hunter's Raid—Virginia—Lexington","Correspondence","Notebooks"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.5 Linear Feet approximately 40 items in one box and oversized case"],"extent_tesim":["0.5 Linear Feet approximately 40 items in one box and oversized case"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Notebooks"],"date_range_isim":[1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":[" Restrictions on Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions"],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/search/collection/p15821coll11/field/descri/searchterm/MS%200282/mode/exact\"\u003eA portion of this collection is available online\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Online Access"],"altformavail_tesim":["A portion of this collection is available online"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRobert Henry Campbell of Lexington, Virginia was a shoemaker. He served with the Rockbridge Rifles during the Civil War (1861 only) and was discharged due to illness (tuberculosis). Campbell then was a clerk and the Quartermaster and Treasurer at VMI from 1864 to 1870. He died in 1870 in Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCharles Van Buren Varner was born in 1838 in Lexington, Virginia. He served with Rockbridge Rifles during Civil War. After the War he was a cabinetmaker and a carpenter at VMI. Varner dided in 1907 in Lexington.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe families are related through the marriage of Campbell's sister, Augusta, to Varner.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFollowing the surrender of the Confederacy at Appomattox, Virginia in April 1865, towns throughout the Shenandoah Valley were temporarily occupied by United States Army Forces tasked with solidifying federal control and maintaining order. This broadside was posted throughout the town of Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Robert Henry Campbell of Lexington, Virginia was a shoemaker. He served with the Rockbridge Rifles during the Civil War (1861 only) and was discharged due to illness (tuberculosis). Campbell then was a clerk and the Quartermaster and Treasurer at VMI from 1864 to 1870. He died in 1870 in Lexington, Virginia.","Charles Van Buren Varner was born in 1838 in Lexington, Virginia. He served with Rockbridge Rifles during Civil War. After the War he was a cabinetmaker and a carpenter at VMI. Varner dided in 1907 in Lexington.","The families are related through the marriage of Campbell's sister, Augusta, to Varner.","Following the surrender of the Confederacy at Appomattox, Virginia in April 1865, towns throughout the Shenandoah Valley were temporarily occupied by United States Army Forces tasked with solidifying federal control and maintaining order. This broadside was posted throughout the town of Lexington, Virginia."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHeadQuarters Rockbridge Rifles\u003cbr\u003e\nMt. Sidney Augusta Co.\u003cbr\u003e\nSaturday morning 6 o'clock a.m.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Father:\u003cbr\u003e\nHaving a spare hour I thought I would write you a few lines. We arrived in Staunton about five o'clock Friday morning and stopped at the Virginia House, where we were as well treated as if we were paying $3 per day. We left Staunton at half past three yesterday and arrived at this place about dark. We go on from here to Harrisonburg today. None of us will have to walk we think, as the people all around will furnish us all they can. They have here sent a great many of their conveyances away with their own men who left for Harper's Ferry yesterday. We think that that will be our destination.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe have certainly been well treated so far. We have every comfort that we could get if we were at home. The people could not treat us better if we were their own sons. They say that men who are going to fight for their country should have the best that the land can afford while they can possibly get it.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEight of us staid at a gentleman's house here by the name of Hyde. He is a relation of Thos. T. Hyde and is certainly a gentleman. Mac, Sandy Gordon, John Middleton, Dave Riley, Reed Hanger, Jos. Marston, John Edmondson and myself composed the squad who staid last night.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy love to everybody and tell them that every one of us will be back in Lexington again. I have to close as we will start in a short time. Excuse bad writing as I am in a hurry, have a bad pen, \u0026amp; c. Tell mother to keep up a good heart. Also Mrs. McCown for Mac he will write tomorrow. We are all in fine spirits. Yours affectionately, R. Henry Campbell.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTell Mr. Deaver that J. Marston is perfectly well again and sends his love to Mr. Deaver's family, and all others.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eShenandoah Co.\u003cbr\u003e\nMt. Jackson\u003cbr\u003e\nApril 20/61\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Mother\u003cbr\u003e\nWe left Mt. Sidney on Saturday morning and arrived in Harrisonburg on Saturday evening about 3 oclock. We were divided out among the citizens. Myself and four others went to a gentleman's by the name of Wilson. There was about fifteen young ladies there, we were treated very kindly. At 7 o'clock we were presented with a flag by the ladies of Harrisonburg representing the Confederated states, with a star for Virginia in the center.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe left Harrisonburg this (Sunday) morning and arrived at this place at six oclock. Part of the company put up at Mr. Farrah's Hotel (Mr. Tanquary's father in law) and the other part at Mr. Coalters Hotel. I am at the last named Hotel, and we are as well treated as if we were at home.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe start for Winchester tomorrow morning at 7 oclock. We are better treated than any other company I think, and the reason is this, our Captain is the Governor's brother, and he can get almost anything he asks for.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGive my love to all the family, to Uncle George, Grandmother, Aunt Marsy, and all the balance and accept a large portion for yourself. Your affectionate Son, R. Henry Campbell.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eP.S. Give my respect to Mr. Turpin's family and tell Mrs. Turpin that Mr. Turpin is well and in fine spirits. R.H.C.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eP.S. I will write again soon.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Ferry\u003cbr\u003e\nMay 4/1861\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Mother\u003cbr\u003e\nI write this morning to let you know how we all are. We are all in tolerable good health except Mr. Webb and Tanquary. They both expect to go home shortly.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe have a good deal of duty to attend to. We go to Reveille at 5 oclock a.m., squad drill at 5½ oclock, surgeons call at 6½ oclock, at 7 we have breakfast, at 8 first call for guard mounting, at 8½ second call for guard mounting, orderly hours 9 until ten, squad drill 10½ to 11½, Battalion drill 11½ to 12½ dinner 1, squad drill again 2½ to 3½, dress parade at 6, retreat at sundown, supper at 7, tattoo at 9½, taps at 10. Besides this we have to walk guard. I have not drank a drop of whisky or brandy since I left and I do not intend to do so until I get back. I think that I can do as well without it as with it. Col. Jackson has forbid the Liquor Dealers to sell to the soldiers, but they still get it on the sly. I believe that there is less whisky drank in our company than in any other company here.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTell father that John Donald has not drank a drop of liquor since he left and I do not think that he will. He was the same dry wit that he had about him when at home. He sends his best respects to our family, also to Mr. Jacob Smith.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEvery evening we have singing after supper. James Campbell, John and Sam Charlton lead, they generally commence with \"Do they miss me at home,\" then they sing two or three hymns and finish up with \"They miss me at home.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe are divided off into messes; each corporal and sergeant has charge of a mess. I have nine in my mess--myself, McCown, Kelly T., Kelly J., McMarra, Mullen, Lynch, Ashery McClure, and Charley Rollins. I appoint one man every day to cook for the rest. I have to go and get the provisions three times a day from the Quartermaster.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI wish you would send me some paper collars if you can get them. They are better than the Linen collars. I can wear one of them a week and then you do not have the trouble of washing.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGive my love to all and tell some of my friends to write to me. You do not know how eagerly we await the coming of the mail, and how disappointed we are if we do not get a letter. No more at present from your affectionate son,\u003cbr\u003e\nR. Henry Campbell.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Ferry May 19\u003cbr\u003e\n6 ½ A.M.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Father,\u003cbr\u003e\nWe expect to leave for Sheppardstown at 8 o'clock this morning. If we do not go I will write tomorrow again. We were in arms all of last night, expecting an attack. It was currently reported and believed that 10000 Federal Troops were within a few miles and were marching on to attack us this morning. I hardly think it is so. Tell the people in Lexington who have friends and relatives here that if we move we will write as soon as we reach our destination. All are well. John Edmondson is improving and will be well in a short time. My love to all. Tell mother and sis I will write and answer their letters as soon as I can. The Grays \u0026amp; artillery are here. No more at present. I remain your affectionate son.\u003cbr\u003e\nR. Henry Campbell.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMartinsburg May 21/61\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Mother,\u003cbr\u003e\nWe arrived at place on Tuesday night at eight o'clock. We did not certainly know where we were going to when we left the Ferry as we were marching under sealed orders. Our Captain did not know where we were going when we left the Ferry, as he was prohibited from opening his orders until after he left the Ferry. We came to our journey's end much sooner than we expected, for it was generally believed before we left (as I wrote to Father) that we were going to Wheeling.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI like the looks of Martinsburg very much. It is a very nice place. It contains some beautiful residences. Its population is 4000. Almost all of the inhabitants are still for the Union. The Ladies all play (on the piano) Hail Columbia \u0026amp; Star Spangled Banner. This County gave seven hundred majority for the Union.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe have excellent quarters. We are quartered in the Town Hall. Gen. Davis is in command at Richmond, Gen. Beauregard at Norfolk, Gen. Johnson has superceded Col. Jackson at the Ferry. I sent my likeness by John Breedlove to you. I gave it to him the morning we left the Ferry. He expected to start for home the next day. I intend to send Sis my likeness by the first one who goes home.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe are all well and in good spirits. I would have written sooner but have not has time. Charley Rollins is not with the Company. He is an Orderly at Head Quarters in Harper's Ferry. He wrote me word that he would join us the last of this week. He is well and sends his respects.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTell Sis and Father that I will answer their letters as soon as I can. No more at present, but I remain your affectionate Son,\u003cbr\u003e\nR. Henry Campbell\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eP. S. Write soon. My love to all. R. H. C.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMartinsburg Va. May 29/61\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Sister,\u003cbr\u003e\nI write again this morning to let you know that we are all well and in good spirits. We have been very kindly treated by the Citizens since we have been here. They still continue to send us provisions every day. The Ladies send us bouquets every day; and are continually sending invitations to dine and take tea with them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere has been a great change since we have been here. When we first came, the most of the Citizens were Unionists, a great many of them have changed and become Secessionists. When we came, our flag was the only Secession flag that could be seen. Now you can see them on every street. The Ladies wear them pinned to their dresses.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI attended church three times last Sunday. In the morning we went to the Methodist, in the evening I went to the German Evangelical, and then to the Lutheran. All of the proceedings were carried on in Dutch at the German Evangelical.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI sent my likeness to you on last Monday by Col. Ruff. I sent one to Mother by John Breedlove the morning we left the Ferry.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere is no news of interest at present, therefore I will have to close for the want of material. Write soon. I remain your affectionate Brother.\u003cbr\u003e\nR. Henry Campbell.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarper's Ferry June 3d 1861\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Mother,\u003cbr\u003e\nI received your kind letter that you sent by Mr. Charlton. I do not receive half the number of letters now that I did some time ago. I have no doubts about your writing often, but think it is the fault of the Mail Carries \u0026amp; Post Masters.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI received the Cakes and sugars. Tell Sis they are very nice and that I am much obliged to her. We will not get such eatables here. While we were in Martinsburg, we had plenty of nice provisions, but since we have been here we get nothing but Soldiers fare. Our Company left Martinsburg on the morning of the first of June. All of the Citizens were very sorry to see us leave. They\nsay that if they are going to station a Company in Martinsburg, that they want us to come back. They say that we are the most gentlemanly set of men that they have seen, and that they would rather have us there than to have their own town Company.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLast week I was appointed Sergeant by our Officers. Also A. S. Wade was appointed Sergeant. Ed Northern, Andrew Varner and Wallace Ruff were appointed Corporals. I wish you to tell Father to get Mr. Vanderslice to make me a pair of Sergeant's chevrons [Chevrons]. Tell him to make them like the Cadets' are made. I cannot get a bit of Lace here or I would get them made here. If he cannot get the Lace at the Institute, go to Mr. James S. Smith's Jewelry Store, and tell him to let him have that Lace that belongs\nto Sergeant Boude. Tell him that Boude told me to send for it. Send them the first opportunity that you have as I wish to have them put on my coat.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYou ask why we were sent to Martinsburg and why we were kept in the House the day of the Election. I do not know why we were sent there, but I think that it was to keep down a disturbance if there should be any. Our Company was not locked up the day of the Election, but we were required to be at our quarters, so that if we were needed we would all be together. The voting was done at the Court House just across the street from our Quarters. All of our Company that had a vote cast them for Ratification. A good\nmany of our Company had no vote. I was one that could not vote. You say that James Suddarth was greatly elated, because his Company was ordered off. Let him come and go through what we have gone through and I think too that he will have the wire edge taken off him. I think it will go rather hard with that Company if they have much duty to do as they have been used to lazing about College and doing nothing.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYou also asked to send my likeness if I could spare the money. I sent you my likeness by John Breedlove nearly two weeks ago and I sent my likeness to Sis by Col. Ruff about a week ago.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe have not drawn any wages yet and I do not think that we will get them soon. Some of the Companies I hear have been paid, but I do not know whether to believe it or not. My money is almost gone. I do not know what I will do when my money gives out. Money will get anything that we need. Moody is with the Company now. He looks real pitiful. I do not know whether the Company will allow him to stay or not. Nothing will be done with him. I think he is punished sufficiently, the men hardly speak to him.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhen we got to this place on Saturday evening, twenty five men were detailed to go back within two miles of Martinsburg to burn the Bridge across the Opequon River. I was Sergeant of the detachment. We walked about eight miles up the Rail Road and then got a hand car and worked our way within a mile of the Bridge. We stopped there and Lieut. Edmondson, myself and ten others went forward to reconnoiter (We expected to have a skirmish as the Citizens of Martinsburg (the Union men) said that we should not burn the bridge). When we got within sight of the Bridge we found a sentinel pacing on top of the Bridge. We immediately sent back and informed the reserve that there was a guard on the Bridge and for them to come on. We marched up to the Bridge. When we got there two others appeared and asked us where we were going to. We told them that we were going to stop there. Then they asked us to what we were going to do. We told them that we were going to burn the Bridge. Then one of the three that\nwas at the Bridge said that he must go up to a house that was just above the Bridge and see the Captain of the Guard. As soon as he got to the Guard House and told the Captain of the Guard that there was a detachment at the Bridge, he called out his whole guard (amounting to 31 men) with their arms and came to the Bridge. We expected to have a fight, then as some of them said that the Bridge should not be burned while we were talking, the reserve of 13 men came up and they backed out. We kindled about twenty fires in the Bridge and set them afire. At eight o'clock Sunday morning, the bridge was in ashes. Not a particle of it was left except the butments. While the Bridge was burning the Guard from Martinsburg stood upon the other side and watched until the Bridge was consumed but did not attempt to interfere. If they had they would have met with a warm reception as we were well prepared and went with the determination to burn the Bridge. We burnt the Bridge by the order of Gen. Johnson to prevent\nthe Federal Troops from coming down on the Baltimore and Ohio railroad. Two bridges were burnt above near Grafton on the same road last week.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYou spoke of hearing that there was a fight at the ferry. There has not been one here, and I do not think that there will be one at this place. I think if the Federal Troops invade Virginia, that they will come through Maryland and enter Virginia just opposite of Martinsburg and march across to Winchester (22 miles) so as to cut off the supplies that are intended for this place. I think that the troops here ought to burn every house in the Ferry and move to Winchester as there is nothing here now to protect as the Machinery has all been removed and is not in Richmond. There is a force of about 18000 at this place now and they are still coming every day. There is a force of 36000 at Manassas junction on the Orange and Alexandria Rail Road near Alexandria. All of the reports of fights between the forces is false. There has not been an engagement any where yet and I do not think that there\nwill be soon as Congress (U. S.) does not meet until the 4th of July and they have the power to declare war, (not Lincoln.)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhen the Federal Troops do invade the South they will find that the Southern Troops are well prepared and ready for a fight. The South has received 200000 stand of arms from Europe and plenty of material has been found in Arkansas to make powder. Richmond has five Cap manufacturers in operation fifty thousand percussion caps passed over the Baltimore and Ohio road to the South marked Garden Seeds last week. Just as I am writing a regiment went into a field to drill. Jo Neff is looking out of the window at them. J. says just look at them; G-d, ain't there a lot of them; don't that look like war; just suppose them were Federal Troops; if they were to fire, what a hole they would make; and fifty other expressions, you can imagine what they are like as you have heard him talk often. He has an oath about every other word. Tell Cousin Ann that Joe is well and sends his love.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSome time ago you said that is John Donald wanted some check shirts that you would make them for him. He says that he will be very much obliged to you for them as he has nothing but his white shirts. Tell father that he is getting real fat, and is as full of fun as ever. He sends his best respects. He also sends his respects to Jake Smith, and says to tell Jake that he would like to be in\nLexington to see John William. We have got the name of the being of the best company at the Ferry, and have the healthiest men and are able to stand more than any other company here. As we go along, the soldiers say there goes the Rockbridge Boys. I believe that we have done more than any two companies since we have been here. There are thirty men from Baltimore that want to join our company. They belong to the Baltimore Rifles. They cannot form a company of their own as there is not enough of them here and they say that they want to join Capt. Letcher's Company. I do not know whether we will take them or not.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTell Cousin Sarah that I have received her letter and and will answer as soon as I can. I also received a letter from Tribbett(?) which I have not answered. Mrs. Dodd died in Winchester last Thursday (Robert Dodd's Mother) and was buried last Friday. Miss Lizzie Dodd says that she is going to send me another box of Cakes soon. Edward Norgrove sends his best respects to all of our family and says to tell his Mother that he is well and to give her his love. He was with the crowd that went to Opequon Bridge.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTell Father not to pay for those things that I got the morning that we left Lexington, that they will be paid for out of the money that was appropriated by the county for equipping the Volunteers of Rockbridge. I got two pairs of drawers and two shirts at Switzer's. A pea jacket at Young's worth $2.75, and a pair of buckskin gloves at Capt. Bakers, a pair of boots at Tom Deaver's worth $6.50,\nand a silk handkerchief at George White's. We have got new Military Caps, (Grey) new canteens and new shirts since we have been here.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJohn and Sam Charlton send their best respects to our folks. John says to give Jake Smith his best respects. Bowyer sends his respects to Smith. George Chapin says to give his love to all of his folks and tell them that he is well.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp at Manassas 10 o'clock p.m.\u003cbr\u003e\nJuly 21st\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Mother,\u003cbr\u003e\nAccording to promise I will attempt to give you a faint description of what I witnessed since I left home. I got to Staunton about 12 o'clock on Friday night. I was very sick at Staunton and had to stay until this morning. I came down to this place today.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThey have been fighting from sunrise until Sunset today. About 12000 of the Yankees were killed. Our loss is estimated at 3 or 4,000, our company fared rather badly. Asbury McClure was killed. He died in the arms of Sandy Gordon and James Gillock. Joel Neff, Jno Moody, Preston Davidson \u0026amp; Charley Rollins were wounded, and Miller was wounded mortally. Moody and Davidson were wounded in the shoulder. Charley was knocked down by a piece of shell and cut on the head, he is not hurt much just a small cut on his head, he is sitting by me laughing and talking now, it does not prevent him from going about at all, it will not unfit him for duty. Tom Rollins came out unhurt, Joe Neff is wounded in the hand. Tell Mrs. McCown that Mac came out unhurt. Our regiment drove the Yankees back at the point of the bayonet. Joe Neff knocked a Yankee's brains out with the butt of his gun.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI do not know whether any more of the company are hurt. I have not seen the main body of the company. Lieut. Lewis \u0026amp;\nEdmondson are safe, also Horace Wallace. About 50,000 of the Yankees were engaged, about 30000 of our force. We took 6 pieces of Rifled Cannon. General Patterson has been taken prisoner.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI expect I will be home in 3 or 4 days. Capt. White's company were in the fight and none were killed as far as I can hear. Capt. White's Liberty Hall Vols. had one killed, Paxton, and 3 wounded. Bell of his company was mortally wounded. I have not seen Tom or Jerry Kelly. All of the Regulars of the Yankees were engaged today.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIt is an awful sight to see the wounded and the dead. I supposed both sides will bury their dead tomorrow. I want to bring all of our wounded and dead home if I can. Our company was awfully cut up. The 2d South Carolina and 2d Mississippians were cut all to pieces.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLet Marion Parent read this letter and tell him it will have to answer for the one I promised to write. I will write tomorrow if I can.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYour affectionate Son,\u003cbr\u003e\nR. H. Campbell\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSam Charlton is safe \u0026amp; John is in Winchester.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHD'QRS U. S. Forces\u003cbr\u003e\nLexington, Va., July 5th, 1865\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGen'l Order,\u003cbr\u003e\nNo 1.\u003cbr\u003e\nI. In obedience to orders from Bvt. Maj. Gen'l Torbert commanding Army of the Shenandoah, the undersigned hereby assumes command of this Post.  In the absence of civil law, all orders from these Hd'Qrs will be obeyed by citizens and soldiers alike.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eII. On and after the publication of this order, no persons will be permitted to travel or promenade the streets after 12 o'clock (midnight).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIII. No Soldiers will be permitted in town, upon any pretext whatever, after 5 o'clock P.M. -- Any one violating this paragraph will be arrested and Court-Martialed\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIV. All negroes found upon the streets loitering about, without visible means of support, will be arrested and made go to work to earn a livelihood.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eV. No person will be allowed to sell intoxicating liquors of any kind, except permission is granted by the Provost Marshal.  And under no pretence will liquor of any kind be sold or furnished to soldiers, or to persons who will furnish it to soldiers.  Any persons violating this paragraph will be subject to arrest, and their entire stock of liquors will be confiscated.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWm. W. Stewart\u003cbr\u003e\nCol. Com'd'g\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription"],"odd_tesim":["HeadQuarters Rockbridge Rifles \nMt. Sidney Augusta Co. \nSaturday morning 6 o'clock a.m.","Dear Father: \nHaving a spare hour I thought I would write you a few lines. We arrived in Staunton about five o'clock Friday morning and stopped at the Virginia House, where we were as well treated as if we were paying $3 per day. We left Staunton at half past three yesterday and arrived at this place about dark. We go on from here to Harrisonburg today. None of us will have to walk we think, as the people all around will furnish us all they can. They have here sent a great many of their conveyances away with their own men who left for Harper's Ferry yesterday. We think that that will be our destination.","We have certainly been well treated so far. We have every comfort that we could get if we were at home. The people could not treat us better if we were their own sons. They say that men who are going to fight for their country should have the best that the land can afford while they can possibly get it.","Eight of us staid at a gentleman's house here by the name of Hyde. He is a relation of Thos. T. Hyde and is certainly a gentleman. Mac, Sandy Gordon, John Middleton, Dave Riley, Reed Hanger, Jos. Marston, John Edmondson and myself composed the squad who staid last night.","My love to everybody and tell them that every one of us will be back in Lexington again. I have to close as we will start in a short time. Excuse bad writing as I am in a hurry, have a bad pen, \u0026 c. Tell mother to keep up a good heart. Also Mrs. McCown for Mac he will write tomorrow. We are all in fine spirits. Yours affectionately, R. Henry Campbell.","Tell Mr. Deaver that J. Marston is perfectly well again and sends his love to Mr. Deaver's family, and all others.","Shenandoah Co. \nMt. Jackson \nApril 20/61","Dear Mother \nWe left Mt. Sidney on Saturday morning and arrived in Harrisonburg on Saturday evening about 3 oclock. We were divided out among the citizens. Myself and four others went to a gentleman's by the name of Wilson. There was about fifteen young ladies there, we were treated very kindly. At 7 o'clock we were presented with a flag by the ladies of Harrisonburg representing the Confederated states, with a star for Virginia in the center.","We left Harrisonburg this (Sunday) morning and arrived at this place at six oclock. Part of the company put up at Mr. Farrah's Hotel (Mr. Tanquary's father in law) and the other part at Mr. Coalters Hotel. I am at the last named Hotel, and we are as well treated as if we were at home.","We start for Winchester tomorrow morning at 7 oclock. We are better treated than any other company I think, and the reason is this, our Captain is the Governor's brother, and he can get almost anything he asks for.","Give my love to all the family, to Uncle George, Grandmother, Aunt Marsy, and all the balance and accept a large portion for yourself. Your affectionate Son, R. Henry Campbell.","P.S. Give my respect to Mr. Turpin's family and tell Mrs. Turpin that Mr. Turpin is well and in fine spirits. R.H.C.","P.S. I will write again soon.","Harper's Ferry \nMay 4/1861","Dear Mother \nI write this morning to let you know how we all are. We are all in tolerable good health except Mr. Webb and Tanquary. They both expect to go home shortly.","We have a good deal of duty to attend to. We go to Reveille at 5 oclock a.m., squad drill at 5½ oclock, surgeons call at 6½ oclock, at 7 we have breakfast, at 8 first call for guard mounting, at 8½ second call for guard mounting, orderly hours 9 until ten, squad drill 10½ to 11½, Battalion drill 11½ to 12½ dinner 1, squad drill again 2½ to 3½, dress parade at 6, retreat at sundown, supper at 7, tattoo at 9½, taps at 10. Besides this we have to walk guard. I have not drank a drop of whisky or brandy since I left and I do not intend to do so until I get back. I think that I can do as well without it as with it. Col. Jackson has forbid the Liquor Dealers to sell to the soldiers, but they still get it on the sly. I believe that there is less whisky drank in our company than in any other company here.","Tell father that John Donald has not drank a drop of liquor since he left and I do not think that he will. He was the same dry wit that he had about him when at home. He sends his best respects to our family, also to Mr. Jacob Smith.","Every evening we have singing after supper. James Campbell, John and Sam Charlton lead, they generally commence with \"Do they miss me at home,\" then they sing two or three hymns and finish up with \"They miss me at home.\"","We are divided off into messes; each corporal and sergeant has charge of a mess. I have nine in my mess--myself, McCown, Kelly T., Kelly J., McMarra, Mullen, Lynch, Ashery McClure, and Charley Rollins. I appoint one man every day to cook for the rest. I have to go and get the provisions three times a day from the Quartermaster.","I wish you would send me some paper collars if you can get them. They are better than the Linen collars. I can wear one of them a week and then you do not have the trouble of washing.","Give my love to all and tell some of my friends to write to me. You do not know how eagerly we await the coming of the mail, and how disappointed we are if we do not get a letter. No more at present from your affectionate son, \nR. Henry Campbell.","Harper's Ferry May 19 \n6 ½ A.M.","Dear Father, \nWe expect to leave for Sheppardstown at 8 o'clock this morning. If we do not go I will write tomorrow again. We were in arms all of last night, expecting an attack. It was currently reported and believed that 10000 Federal Troops were within a few miles and were marching on to attack us this morning. I hardly think it is so. Tell the people in Lexington who have friends and relatives here that if we move we will write as soon as we reach our destination. All are well. John Edmondson is improving and will be well in a short time. My love to all. Tell mother and sis I will write and answer their letters as soon as I can. The Grays \u0026 artillery are here. No more at present. I remain your affectionate son. \nR. Henry Campbell.","Martinsburg May 21/61","Dear Mother, \nWe arrived at place on Tuesday night at eight o'clock. We did not certainly know where we were going to when we left the Ferry as we were marching under sealed orders. Our Captain did not know where we were going when we left the Ferry, as he was prohibited from opening his orders until after he left the Ferry. We came to our journey's end much sooner than we expected, for it was generally believed before we left (as I wrote to Father) that we were going to Wheeling.","I like the looks of Martinsburg very much. It is a very nice place. It contains some beautiful residences. Its population is 4000. Almost all of the inhabitants are still for the Union. The Ladies all play (on the piano) Hail Columbia \u0026 Star Spangled Banner. This County gave seven hundred majority for the Union.","We have excellent quarters. We are quartered in the Town Hall. Gen. Davis is in command at Richmond, Gen. Beauregard at Norfolk, Gen. Johnson has superceded Col. Jackson at the Ferry. I sent my likeness by John Breedlove to you. I gave it to him the morning we left the Ferry. He expected to start for home the next day. I intend to send Sis my likeness by the first one who goes home.","We are all well and in good spirits. I would have written sooner but have not has time. Charley Rollins is not with the Company. He is an Orderly at Head Quarters in Harper's Ferry. He wrote me word that he would join us the last of this week. He is well and sends his respects.","Tell Sis and Father that I will answer their letters as soon as I can. No more at present, but I remain your affectionate Son, \nR. Henry Campbell","P. S. Write soon. My love to all. R. H. C.","Martinsburg Va. May 29/61","Dear Sister, \nI write again this morning to let you know that we are all well and in good spirits. We have been very kindly treated by the Citizens since we have been here. They still continue to send us provisions every day. The Ladies send us bouquets every day; and are continually sending invitations to dine and take tea with them.","There has been a great change since we have been here. When we first came, the most of the Citizens were Unionists, a great many of them have changed and become Secessionists. When we came, our flag was the only Secession flag that could be seen. Now you can see them on every street. The Ladies wear them pinned to their dresses.","I attended church three times last Sunday. In the morning we went to the Methodist, in the evening I went to the German Evangelical, and then to the Lutheran. All of the proceedings were carried on in Dutch at the German Evangelical.","I sent my likeness to you on last Monday by Col. Ruff. I sent one to Mother by John Breedlove the morning we left the Ferry.","There is no news of interest at present, therefore I will have to close for the want of material. Write soon. I remain your affectionate Brother. \nR. Henry Campbell.","Harper's Ferry June 3d 1861","Dear Mother, \nI received your kind letter that you sent by Mr. Charlton. I do not receive half the number of letters now that I did some time ago. I have no doubts about your writing often, but think it is the fault of the Mail Carries \u0026 Post Masters.","I received the Cakes and sugars. Tell Sis they are very nice and that I am much obliged to her. We will not get such eatables here. While we were in Martinsburg, we had plenty of nice provisions, but since we have been here we get nothing but Soldiers fare. Our Company left Martinsburg on the morning of the first of June. All of the Citizens were very sorry to see us leave. They\nsay that if they are going to station a Company in Martinsburg, that they want us to come back. They say that we are the most gentlemanly set of men that they have seen, and that they would rather have us there than to have their own town Company.","Last week I was appointed Sergeant by our Officers. Also A. S. Wade was appointed Sergeant. Ed Northern, Andrew Varner and Wallace Ruff were appointed Corporals. I wish you to tell Father to get Mr. Vanderslice to make me a pair of Sergeant's chevrons [Chevrons]. Tell him to make them like the Cadets' are made. I cannot get a bit of Lace here or I would get them made here. If he cannot get the Lace at the Institute, go to Mr. James S. Smith's Jewelry Store, and tell him to let him have that Lace that belongs\nto Sergeant Boude. Tell him that Boude told me to send for it. Send them the first opportunity that you have as I wish to have them put on my coat.","You ask why we were sent to Martinsburg and why we were kept in the House the day of the Election. I do not know why we were sent there, but I think that it was to keep down a disturbance if there should be any. Our Company was not locked up the day of the Election, but we were required to be at our quarters, so that if we were needed we would all be together. The voting was done at the Court House just across the street from our Quarters. All of our Company that had a vote cast them for Ratification. A good\nmany of our Company had no vote. I was one that could not vote. You say that James Suddarth was greatly elated, because his Company was ordered off. Let him come and go through what we have gone through and I think too that he will have the wire edge taken off him. I think it will go rather hard with that Company if they have much duty to do as they have been used to lazing about College and doing nothing.","You also asked to send my likeness if I could spare the money. I sent you my likeness by John Breedlove nearly two weeks ago and I sent my likeness to Sis by Col. Ruff about a week ago.","We have not drawn any wages yet and I do not think that we will get them soon. Some of the Companies I hear have been paid, but I do not know whether to believe it or not. My money is almost gone. I do not know what I will do when my money gives out. Money will get anything that we need. Moody is with the Company now. He looks real pitiful. I do not know whether the Company will allow him to stay or not. Nothing will be done with him. I think he is punished sufficiently, the men hardly speak to him.","When we got to this place on Saturday evening, twenty five men were detailed to go back within two miles of Martinsburg to burn the Bridge across the Opequon River. I was Sergeant of the detachment. We walked about eight miles up the Rail Road and then got a hand car and worked our way within a mile of the Bridge. We stopped there and Lieut. Edmondson, myself and ten others went forward to reconnoiter (We expected to have a skirmish as the Citizens of Martinsburg (the Union men) said that we should not burn the bridge). When we got within sight of the Bridge we found a sentinel pacing on top of the Bridge. We immediately sent back and informed the reserve that there was a guard on the Bridge and for them to come on. We marched up to the Bridge. When we got there two others appeared and asked us where we were going to. We told them that we were going to stop there. Then they asked us to what we were going to do. We told them that we were going to burn the Bridge. Then one of the three that\nwas at the Bridge said that he must go up to a house that was just above the Bridge and see the Captain of the Guard. As soon as he got to the Guard House and told the Captain of the Guard that there was a detachment at the Bridge, he called out his whole guard (amounting to 31 men) with their arms and came to the Bridge. We expected to have a fight, then as some of them said that the Bridge should not be burned while we were talking, the reserve of 13 men came up and they backed out. We kindled about twenty fires in the Bridge and set them afire. At eight o'clock Sunday morning, the bridge was in ashes. Not a particle of it was left except the butments. While the Bridge was burning the Guard from Martinsburg stood upon the other side and watched until the Bridge was consumed but did not attempt to interfere. If they had they would have met with a warm reception as we were well prepared and went with the determination to burn the Bridge. We burnt the Bridge by the order of Gen. Johnson to prevent\nthe Federal Troops from coming down on the Baltimore and Ohio railroad. Two bridges were burnt above near Grafton on the same road last week.","You spoke of hearing that there was a fight at the ferry. There has not been one here, and I do not think that there will be one at this place. I think if the Federal Troops invade Virginia, that they will come through Maryland and enter Virginia just opposite of Martinsburg and march across to Winchester (22 miles) so as to cut off the supplies that are intended for this place. I think that the troops here ought to burn every house in the Ferry and move to Winchester as there is nothing here now to protect as the Machinery has all been removed and is not in Richmond. There is a force of about 18000 at this place now and they are still coming every day. There is a force of 36000 at Manassas junction on the Orange and Alexandria Rail Road near Alexandria. All of the reports of fights between the forces is false. There has not been an engagement any where yet and I do not think that there\nwill be soon as Congress (U. S.) does not meet until the 4th of July and they have the power to declare war, (not Lincoln.)","When the Federal Troops do invade the South they will find that the Southern Troops are well prepared and ready for a fight. The South has received 200000 stand of arms from Europe and plenty of material has been found in Arkansas to make powder. Richmond has five Cap manufacturers in operation fifty thousand percussion caps passed over the Baltimore and Ohio road to the South marked Garden Seeds last week. Just as I am writing a regiment went into a field to drill. Jo Neff is looking out of the window at them. J. says just look at them; G-d, ain't there a lot of them; don't that look like war; just suppose them were Federal Troops; if they were to fire, what a hole they would make; and fifty other expressions, you can imagine what they are like as you have heard him talk often. He has an oath about every other word. Tell Cousin Ann that Joe is well and sends his love.","Some time ago you said that is John Donald wanted some check shirts that you would make them for him. He says that he will be very much obliged to you for them as he has nothing but his white shirts. Tell father that he is getting real fat, and is as full of fun as ever. He sends his best respects. He also sends his respects to Jake Smith, and says to tell Jake that he would like to be in\nLexington to see John William. We have got the name of the being of the best company at the Ferry, and have the healthiest men and are able to stand more than any other company here. As we go along, the soldiers say there goes the Rockbridge Boys. I believe that we have done more than any two companies since we have been here. There are thirty men from Baltimore that want to join our company. They belong to the Baltimore Rifles. They cannot form a company of their own as there is not enough of them here and they say that they want to join Capt. Letcher's Company. I do not know whether we will take them or not.","Tell Cousin Sarah that I have received her letter and and will answer as soon as I can. I also received a letter from Tribbett(?) which I have not answered. Mrs. Dodd died in Winchester last Thursday (Robert Dodd's Mother) and was buried last Friday. Miss Lizzie Dodd says that she is going to send me another box of Cakes soon. Edward Norgrove sends his best respects to all of our family and says to tell his Mother that he is well and to give her his love. He was with the crowd that went to Opequon Bridge.","Tell Father not to pay for those things that I got the morning that we left Lexington, that they will be paid for out of the money that was appropriated by the county for equipping the Volunteers of Rockbridge. I got two pairs of drawers and two shirts at Switzer's. A pea jacket at Young's worth $2.75, and a pair of buckskin gloves at Capt. Bakers, a pair of boots at Tom Deaver's worth $6.50,\nand a silk handkerchief at George White's. We have got new Military Caps, (Grey) new canteens and new shirts since we have been here.","John and Sam Charlton send their best respects to our folks. John says to give Jake Smith his best respects. Bowyer sends his respects to Smith. George Chapin says to give his love to all of his folks and tell them that he is well.","Camp at Manassas 10 o'clock p.m. \nJuly 21st","Dear Mother, \nAccording to promise I will attempt to give you a faint description of what I witnessed since I left home. I got to Staunton about 12 o'clock on Friday night. I was very sick at Staunton and had to stay until this morning. I came down to this place today.","They have been fighting from sunrise until Sunset today. About 12000 of the Yankees were killed. Our loss is estimated at 3 or 4,000, our company fared rather badly. Asbury McClure was killed. He died in the arms of Sandy Gordon and James Gillock. Joel Neff, Jno Moody, Preston Davidson \u0026 Charley Rollins were wounded, and Miller was wounded mortally. Moody and Davidson were wounded in the shoulder. Charley was knocked down by a piece of shell and cut on the head, he is not hurt much just a small cut on his head, he is sitting by me laughing and talking now, it does not prevent him from going about at all, it will not unfit him for duty. Tom Rollins came out unhurt, Joe Neff is wounded in the hand. Tell Mrs. McCown that Mac came out unhurt. Our regiment drove the Yankees back at the point of the bayonet. Joe Neff knocked a Yankee's brains out with the butt of his gun.","I do not know whether any more of the company are hurt. I have not seen the main body of the company. Lieut. Lewis \u0026\nEdmondson are safe, also Horace Wallace. About 50,000 of the Yankees were engaged, about 30000 of our force. We took 6 pieces of Rifled Cannon. General Patterson has been taken prisoner.","I expect I will be home in 3 or 4 days. Capt. White's company were in the fight and none were killed as far as I can hear. Capt. White's Liberty Hall Vols. had one killed, Paxton, and 3 wounded. Bell of his company was mortally wounded. I have not seen Tom or Jerry Kelly. All of the Regulars of the Yankees were engaged today.","It is an awful sight to see the wounded and the dead. I supposed both sides will bury their dead tomorrow. I want to bring all of our wounded and dead home if I can. Our company was awfully cut up. The 2d South Carolina and 2d Mississippians were cut all to pieces.","Let Marion Parent read this letter and tell him it will have to answer for the one I promised to write. I will write tomorrow if I can.","Your affectionate Son, \nR. H. Campbell","Sam Charlton is safe \u0026 John is in Winchester.","HD'QRS U. S. Forces \nLexington, Va., July 5th, 1865","Gen'l Order, \nNo 1. \nI. In obedience to orders from Bvt. Maj. Gen'l Torbert commanding Army of the Shenandoah, the undersigned hereby assumes command of this Post.  In the absence of civil law, all orders from these Hd'Qrs will be obeyed by citizens and soldiers alike.","II. On and after the publication of this order, no persons will be permitted to travel or promenade the streets after 12 o'clock (midnight).","III. No Soldiers will be permitted in town, upon any pretext whatever, after 5 o'clock P.M. -- Any one violating this paragraph will be arrested and Court-Martialed","IV. All negroes found upon the streets loitering about, without visible means of support, will be arrested and made go to work to earn a livelihood.","V. No person will be allowed to sell intoxicating liquors of any kind, except permission is granted by the Provost Marshal.  And under no pretence will liquor of any kind be sold or furnished to soldiers, or to persons who will furnish it to soldiers.  Any persons violating this paragraph will be subject to arrest, and their entire stock of liquors will be confiscated.","Wm. W. Stewart \nCol. Com'd'g"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCampbell and Varner family papers. Manuscript # 0282. Virginia Military Institute Archives\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Campbell and Varner family papers. Manuscript # 0282. Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis  collection consists of correspondence, photographs, and documents of R. Henry Campbell and members of the Varner Family of Lexington, Virginia. The families are related through the marriage of Campbell's sister, Augusta, to Varner.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes Civil War letters of soldiers R. Henry Campbell (dated April-July, 1861) and Charles V. Varner (dated 1864-1865). The letters were written while they were serving with the Rockbridge Rifles (part of the 4th, 5th, and 27th Virginia Infantry regiments at various dates during the War). Significant topics in Campbell's letters include the unit's stay at Harper's Ferry and Martinsburg, and the 1st Battle of Manassas (1st Bull Run).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAdditional correspondence of R. Henry Campbell (dated 1864-1865) was written after he accepted a position in the Treasurer-Quartermaster office at VMI. This correspondence includes:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA note (dated May 13, 1864) before the Battle of New Market\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA letter written on June 14 after Hunter's Raid from the cadet camp at Rope Ferry\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLetters describing life at VMI's temporary headquarters at the Alms House in Richmond, Virginia, and life in wartime Richmond, including mention of the use of black troops\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\nOther items in this collection include:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTwo notebooks (circa 1861-1862 and 1864) that contain an early roster of Rockbridge rifles and a list of killed and wounded\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFamily photographs\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA broadside (July 1865) concerning the occupation of Lexington by Union troops\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFamily documents, including \"Rules for the Lexington Classical School\" (1845)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Augusta County, Virginia. The letter regards being treated kindly by civilians and the march toward Harrisonburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Senandoah County, Virginia. Letter describes stay in Harrisonburg, Virginia and news that they are traveling to Winchester, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Harper's Ferry, West Virginia. Letter regards life and schedule in camp.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Harpers Ferry, West Virginia. Letter regards an expected attack that did not occur.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Martinsburg, West Virginia. Letter regards a Union sentiment among townspeople.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Martinsburg, West Virginia. Letter regards general news and mentions that secessionist sentiment is increasing in town.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Harpers Ferry, West Virginia. Letter regards general news, a burned bridge across the Opequon River, and no wages.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Manassas, Virginia. Letter provides an account of the First Battle of Manassas/Battle of Bull Run.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This  collection consists of correspondence, photographs, and documents of R. Henry Campbell and members of the Varner Family of Lexington, Virginia. The families are related through the marriage of Campbell's sister, Augusta, to Varner.","The collection includes Civil War letters of soldiers R. Henry Campbell (dated April-July, 1861) and Charles V. Varner (dated 1864-1865). The letters were written while they were serving with the Rockbridge Rifles (part of the 4th, 5th, and 27th Virginia Infantry regiments at various dates during the War). Significant topics in Campbell's letters include the unit's stay at Harper's Ferry and Martinsburg, and the 1st Battle of Manassas (1st Bull Run).","Additional correspondence of R. Henry Campbell (dated 1864-1865) was written after he accepted a position in the Treasurer-Quartermaster office at VMI. This correspondence includes:\n A note (dated May 13, 1864) before the Battle of New Market A letter written on June 14 after Hunter's Raid from the cadet camp at Rope Ferry Letters describing life at VMI's temporary headquarters at the Alms House in Richmond, Virginia, and life in wartime Richmond, including mention of the use of black troops \nOther items in this collection include:\n Two notebooks (circa 1861-1862 and 1864) that contain an early roster of Rockbridge rifles and a list of killed and wounded Family photographs A broadside (July 1865) concerning the occupation of Lexington by Union troops Family documents, including \"Rules for the Lexington Classical School\" (1845)","Written from Augusta County, Virginia. The letter regards being treated kindly by civilians and the march toward Harrisonburg, Virginia.","Written from Senandoah County, Virginia. Letter describes stay in Harrisonburg, Virginia and news that they are traveling to Winchester, Virginia.","Written from Harper's Ferry, West Virginia. Letter regards life and schedule in camp.","Written from Harpers Ferry, West Virginia. Letter regards an expected attack that did not occur.","Written from Martinsburg, West Virginia. Letter regards a Union sentiment among townspeople.","Written from Martinsburg, West Virginia. Letter regards general news and mentions that secessionist sentiment is increasing in town.","Written from Harpers Ferry, West Virginia. Letter regards general news, a burned bridge across the Opequon River, and no wages.","Written from Manassas, Virginia. Letter provides an account of the First Battle of Manassas/Battle of Bull Run."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_1d50d6a9584a5b1bf4b813102a258aa3\"\u003eManuscripts stacks and oversized case 2\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks and oversized case 2"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Campbell family","Varner family","Varner, Charles V. (Charles Van Buren), 1838-1907","Varner, Andrew W. (Andrew Wallace), 1831-1910","Campbell, R. Henry (Robert Henry), ?-1870","Edmondson, James K., 1832-1898","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","Stewart, William W., Colonel"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"names_coll_ssim":["Campbell family","Varner family","Edmondson, James K., 1832-1898"],"famname_ssim":["Campbell family","Varner family"],"persname_ssim":["Varner, Charles V. (Charles Van Buren), 1838-1907","Varner, Andrew W. (Andrew Wallace), 1831-1910","Campbell, R. Henry (Robert Henry), ?-1870","Edmondson, James K., 1832-1898","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","Stewart, William W., Colonel"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":9,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:13:02.393Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_364"}},{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_847","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Carlton B. Shafer correspondence","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_847#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Shafer, Carlton B., 1844-1906","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_847#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of correspondence from Carlton B. Shafer (VMI Class of 1864) to his family dated 1860 to 1865. Shafter details cadet life during this period and includes discussion of an impending Civil War and when the cadets were called to service in the Confederate States of America. The letters also discuss skirmishes happening around Leesburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_847#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_847","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_847","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_847","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_847","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_847.xml","title_ssm":["Carlton B. Shafer correspondence"],"title_tesim":["Carlton B. Shafer correspondence"],"unitdate_ssm":["1860-1865"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1860-1865"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0547","/repositories/3/resources/847"],"text":["MS.0547","/repositories/3/resources/847","Carlton B. Shafer correspondence","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1864","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1860-1869","Leesburg (Va.)—History","Virginia Military Institute—Civil War, 1861-1865","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","New Market Cadets","Correspondence","There are no restrictions.","This collection is arranged chronologically.","Carlton B. Shafer was born in 1844 in Loudoun County, Virginia, to Frederick William Shafer and Susanna Shafer (Lezear). He graduated from Virginia Military Institute in 1864 and was a New Market cadet, Third Cadet Captain, Company B. He went on to become a lawyer and legislator. He died in 1906.","This collection consists of correspondence from Carlton B. Shafer (VMI Class of 1864) to his family dated 1860 to 1865. Shafter details cadet life during this period and includes discussion of an impending Civil War and when the cadets were called to service in the Confederate States of America. The letters also discuss skirmishes happening around Leesburg, Virginia.","This collection also includes correspondence (dated 1862) between members of the Shafer family. ","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Shafer, Carlton B., 1844-1906","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0547","/repositories/3/resources/847"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Carlton B. Shafer correspondence"],"collection_title_tesim":["Carlton B. Shafer correspondence"],"collection_ssim":["Carlton B. Shafer correspondence"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Shafer, Carlton B., 1844-1906"],"creator_ssim":["Shafer, Carlton B., 1844-1906"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Shafer, Carlton B., 1844-1906"],"creators_ssim":["Shafer, Carlton B., 1844-1906"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. 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VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of correspondence from Carlton B. Shafer (VMI Class of 1864) to his family dated 1860 to 1865. Shafter details cadet life during this period and includes discussion of an impending Civil War and when the cadets were called to service in the Confederate States of America. The letters also discuss skirmishes happening around Leesburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis collection also includes correspondence (dated 1862) between members of the Shafer family. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of correspondence from Carlton B. Shafer (VMI Class of 1864) to his family dated 1860 to 1865. Shafter details cadet life during this period and includes discussion of an impending Civil War and when the cadets were called to service in the Confederate States of America. The letters also discuss skirmishes happening around Leesburg, Virginia.","This collection also includes correspondence (dated 1862) between members of the Shafer family. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. 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Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1864","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1860-1869","Leesburg (Va.)—History","Virginia Military Institute—Civil War, 1861-1865","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","New Market Cadets","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1864","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1860-1869","Leesburg (Va.)—History","Virginia Military Institute—Civil War, 1861-1865","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","New Market Cadets","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["18 items"],"extent_tesim":["18 items"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged chronologically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCarlton B. Shafer was born in 1844 in Loudoun County, Virginia, to Frederick William Shafer and Susanna Shafer (Lezear). He graduated from Virginia Military Institute in 1864 and was a New Market cadet, Third Cadet Captain, Company B. He went on to become a lawyer and legislator. He died in 1906.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Carlton B. Shafer was born in 1844 in Loudoun County, Virginia, to Frederick William Shafer and Susanna Shafer (Lezear). He graduated from Virginia Military Institute in 1864 and was a New Market cadet, Third Cadet Captain, Company B. He went on to become a lawyer and legislator. He died in 1906."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCarlton B. Shafer correspondence, 1860-1865. MS 0547. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Carlton B. Shafer correspondence, 1860-1865. MS 0547. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of correspondence from Carlton B. Shafer (VMI Class of 1864) to his family dated 1860 to 1865. Shafter details cadet life during this period and includes discussion of an impending Civil War and when the cadets were called to service in the Confederate States of America. The letters also discuss skirmishes happening around Leesburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis collection also includes correspondence (dated 1862) between members of the Shafer family. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of correspondence from Carlton B. Shafer (VMI Class of 1864) to his family dated 1860 to 1865. Shafter details cadet life during this period and includes discussion of an impending Civil War and when the cadets were called to service in the Confederate States of America. The letters also discuss skirmishes happening around Leesburg, Virginia.","This collection also includes correspondence (dated 1862) between members of the Shafer family. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Shafer, Carlton B., 1844-1906"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Shafer, Carlton B., 1844-1906"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:11:03.640Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_847"}},{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_652","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Commandant of Cadets Historical Records","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_652#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Shipp, Scott, 1839-1917","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_652#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eBound and unbound historical records documenting the operation of the Commandant's office and of the Corps of Cadets. The earliest examples date from 1839, the first year of the Institute. Items include: guard records, morning reports, demerit books, inspection books, permit books, muster rolls, record of events, penalty tour and confinement records, Commandant orders and memoranda, World War I Training Camp (1917-1918), ordnance stores (1858, 1861), George C. Marshall signed amnesty document, Scott Shipp correspondence\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_652#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_652","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_652","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_652","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_652","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_652.xml","title_ssm":["Commandant of Cadets Historical Records"],"title_tesim":["Commandant of Cadets Historical Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1839-1950"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1839-1950"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Series","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["RG.10.Commandant.Historical","/repositories/3/resources/652"],"text":["RG.10.Commandant.Historical","/repositories/3/resources/652","Commandant of Cadets Historical Records","Virginia Military Institute—History—19th century","Virginia Military Institute—Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia Military Institute—History—20th century","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—19th century","The Commandant of Cadets is the senior VMI administrator in charge of military life at the Institute.  The Commandant oversees Barracks life, military training, physical training, Corps discipline, and other related areas.  This position has existed since the opening of the Institute in 1839.","VMI sponsored military training camps (two in 1917 and one in 1918) to help prepare men before they went into the service.  The attendees were not VMI cadets.  An officer of the Institute, Captain Henley P. Boykin (Class of 1912) was detailed as the camp's commandant, and VMI cadet First Classmen were assigned to duty as instructors.  Subsequently, an officer of the Canadian Expediat5ionary FOrces provided instruction in bombing, bayonet fighting and trench warfare.","Bound and unbound historical  records documenting the operation of the Commandant's office and of the Corps of Cadets.  The earliest examples date from 1839, the first year of the Institute. Items include: guard records, morning reports, demerit books, inspection books, permit books, muster rolls, record of events, penalty tour and confinement records, Commandant orders and memoranda, World War I Training Camp (1917-1918), ordnance stores (1858, 1861), George C. Marshall signed amnesty document, Scott Shipp correspondence","Three notebooks, including \"Record of Drills\", \"Inspection Book\", and \"VMI T. C. Delinquencies\".","Archives stacks, Record Group 10, Commandant","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Virginia Military Institute. Office of the Commandant","Shipp, Scott, 1839-1917","Marshall, George C. (George Catlett), 1880-1959","Boykin, Henley P.","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["RG.10.Commandant.Historical","/repositories/3/resources/652"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Commandant of Cadets Historical Records"],"collection_title_tesim":["Commandant of Cadets Historical Records"],"collection_ssim":["Commandant of Cadets Historical Records"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Shipp, Scott, 1839-1917","Marshall, George C. (George Catlett), 1880-1959","Virginia Military Institute. Office of the Commandant"],"creator_ssim":["Shipp, Scott, 1839-1917","Marshall, George C. (George Catlett), 1880-1959","Virginia Military Institute. Office of the Commandant"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Shipp, Scott, 1839-1917","Marshall, George C. (George Catlett), 1880-1959"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute. Office of the Commandant"],"creators_ssim":["Shipp, Scott, 1839-1917","Marshall, George C. 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Virginia Military Institute Archives."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBound and unbound historical  records documenting the operation of the Commandant's office and of the Corps of Cadets.  The earliest examples date from 1839, the first year of the Institute. Items include: guard records, morning reports, demerit books, inspection books, permit books, muster rolls, record of events, penalty tour and confinement records, Commandant orders and memoranda, World War I Training Camp (1917-1918), ordnance stores (1858, 1861), George C. Marshall signed amnesty document, Scott Shipp correspondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThree notebooks, including \"Record of Drills\", \"Inspection Book\", and \"VMI T. C. Delinquencies\".\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Bound and unbound historical  records documenting the operation of the Commandant's office and of the Corps of Cadets.  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Virginia Military Institute Archives."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBound and unbound historical  records documenting the operation of the Commandant's office and of the Corps of Cadets.  The earliest examples date from 1839, the first year of the Institute. Items include: guard records, morning reports, demerit books, inspection books, permit books, muster rolls, record of events, penalty tour and confinement records, Commandant orders and memoranda, World War I Training Camp (1917-1918), ordnance stores (1858, 1861), George C. Marshall signed amnesty document, Scott Shipp correspondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThree notebooks, including \"Record of Drills\", \"Inspection Book\", and \"VMI T. C. Delinquencies\".\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Bound and unbound historical  records documenting the operation of the Commandant's office and of the Corps of Cadets.  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(George Catlett), 1880-1959","Boykin, Henley P."],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Virginia Military Institute. Office of the Commandant"],"persname_ssim":["Shipp, Scott, 1839-1917","Marshall, George C. (George Catlett), 1880-1959","Boykin, Henley P."],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:12:24.750Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_652"}},{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_556","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"James A. Harden papers","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_556#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Harden, James A. (James Abel), 1841-1927","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_556#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the collection consists of letters written by James A. Harden to his sister, covering wartime events experienced by his unit as well as his time at Ft. Delaware, Delaware. The collection also includes one letter (dated June 6, 1861) written while Harden was at VMI and other items.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_556#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_556","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_556","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_556","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_556","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_556.xml","title_ssm":["James A. Harden papers"],"title_tesim":["James A. Harden papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1860-1866"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1860-1866"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0476","/repositories/3/resources/556"],"text":["MS.0476","/repositories/3/resources/556","James A. Harden papers","Fort Delaware (Del.)","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Battalion, 23rd","Soldiers—Virginia—Correspondence","Virginia—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","Virginia—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia Military Institute—Alumni—Biography","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1860-1869","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1864","Virginia Military Institute—Civil War, 1861-1865","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Prisoners and prisons","Prisoners of war","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 36th","There are no restrictions","James A. Harden's outgoing correspondence is available online.","James Abel Harden was born on December 8, 1841 in Greenville, Augusta County, Virginia to Daniel Madison Harden (1813-1887) of Kentucky and Eliza Ann Gibbons (1815-1848) of Virginia. He came to VMI on June 4, 1861 to receive military training. After a few weeks Harden enlisted in the 36th Virginia Regiment and was appointed sergeant major on Aug 10, 1861. He is shown as Acting Assistant Adjutant General in the 2nd Brigade Army of the Kanawha in November 1861. He resigned and and was discharged on March 25, 1862 and became Acting Adjutant for the 23rd Virginia Battalion sometime in the summer of 1862. Harden was appointed 1st lieutenant and Adjutant of the 23rd Battalion on November 20, 1862. He was praised for \"distinguished gallantry\" at Droop Mountain in November, 1863. He was captured at the Third Battle of Winchester and held at Ft. Delaware, Delaware where he was released on oath June 12, 1865.","In 1880 Harden married Winnie Ella Berkey (1859-1921) of Buckingham County, Virginia and the couple had eight children: Susan Mary Harden, Annie Tupper Harden, David Humphreys Harden, James Edwin Harden, Mildred Lee Harden, Robert Edward Harden, Benhamin Bee Harden, and Dixie Mae Harden.","\nHarden died on September 7, 1942 in Dillwyn, Virginia.","V.M. Institute \nJune 6th, 1861","My Dear Sister,  \nI suppose you have heard ere this my whereabouts - I passed through Staunton on yesterday week and would have called to see you but the cars were behind hand that day and the stage left immediately after cars got there and I did not have time to do so. I went to Uncle Jim Burn's and intended coming to see you from there but heard that your school was out and you had gone to Mt. Solon and as I did not have time to come there I left for this place on Monday last where I have been ever since. I entered as a regular cadet. I am well and getting along very well‐ am very lonesome and often long for a letter from you‐ have rec'd no letters from anyone since I have been here. I rec'd a letter from you the day I left the University‐ but have not been able to answer it since‐ and here I have not time to do anything of that kind‐ keep a feller running to roll call, drums, drills and lecture every two minutes almost. When a feller comes here he has to give up his liberty in every respect‐ it is just like you were in jail. Can't leave barracks hardly without permission. I have no news of any importance to write you‐ in fact I haven't heard any news or seen a newspaper since I have been here. I suppose you have rec'd a letter from Uncle Jimmy or Aunt [Min] ere this. They told me they would write and let you know where I was for I did not know when I should have an opportunity to write. There is that infernal drum again. ","Returned. I have but time to say Good Bye and write very soon. Love to all. \nYour Loving Bro‐ \nJames.","Direct to  \nCadet Jas. A. Harden  \nV. M. Institute  \nLexington, Va  \nNever ~Darling~ ","Camp at Fairfax Station \nAug 21st 1861 ","Dear Father, \nI received yours Lou's and Billy's notes day before yesterday. My advice to Billy would be to return to the Institute. All the Military schools in the land will be in operation, and others will doubtless spring up these will serve as a nucleus around which to build up a Southern Army. No education in future will hardly be considered complete that does not embrace a knowledge of tactics. It seems to me impolitic to draw Southern boys into the war, when we have enough able‐bodied men to fight our battles, and especially when there is a probability that these boys will render more effective service to their country at a future day. Billy has been at the Institute one year and laid a foundation for his education and I see no good reason why he should not continue to build upon it. I do not think the fact of a war being in progress should do away with the intellectual training of one generation. Two of the Corps of Professors at the Institute have been ordered to return by the 1st of October, the places of the others will be supplied, at least this is the arrangement at present. I suppose by Fall, the cadets whose martial spirit now inclines them to remain in the army, will return to the Institute. Billy spoke of returning as drill master. Since the battle of Manassas, the men would be indignant to talk to them about a drill‐master  as they call themselves old soldiers.","There is no position in this Regiment, or any other, in which Billy could draw pay, and remain only a month or so. But if it is his desire to join the army for the war, and this meets with your approval, I don't think there is any doubt about his obtaining a situation in this Regiment as 3rd Lieut. of Capt. Brown's Company at a salary of eighty ($80) a month. Capt. Brown's 3rd Lieut. has resigned and the vacancy will be to fill, and I asked the Captain the probability of Billy's election. He consulted with his men, and told me he did not think there would be any doubt about it. The resignation of the Lieut. has just been sent in and whilst it will certainly be accepted, it will not be heard from for three or four weeks. I can postpone the election until the 1st October, if necessary. This is all I can do for Billy at present, you \u0026 he can take it under consideration \u0026 report. But tell Billy if he decides to take the post‐ I want him to understand that Genl. Elzey don't give furloughs \u0026 that I don't want to be troubled by loaning money‐ clothes, or treating to ice cream that if he comes he must come with the determination to \"hoe his own row\"‐ He has been in the army long enough to know what it is \u0026 what will be expected of him. Of course I will cheerfully administer to his wants should he get sick, but Billy understands he remembers my lectures about his sponging and complaining at Winchester.","But enough on this subject for the present. I have been directed to make a requisition for 40 rounds of cartridges in addition to what I have and now have a good deal on hand. I am told 17 loads of boats went to Aquia Creek a few days since. I was at Fairfax C.H. yesterday‐ the whole country around is one grand encampment. We have a good deal of sickness in our camp‐ not less than 150 cases‐ of this number about twenty have the remittent fever. Some of my men I fear will die. A. B. Bridges who married  (Robt. Miller's) widow died in the hospital at Richmond with the fever‐ he was delirious when he reached Gordonsville. We lost another man last week with the fever on his way home near camp \u0026 gave them all the attention we can. I am sorry to hear of Mr. Steven's illness‐ but hope he is well by this time. Let me hear from you soon. \nYour affectionate son. \nJim","My regards to Miss Matilda \u0026 Mr. Stevens family.","Camp at Rich Hill on Big Sewell Mountain \nOct. 3rd/61","My Dear Sister: \nI wrote you some days ago from Meadow Bluff but did not get an opportunity to send it. When I wrote it we were under orders to march the next morning, where I did not know- but now, as I am at our journeys end I can tell you. We are encamped in full view of the enemy. We being on the Eastern or first top of Big Sewell Mountain and they being on the Western or second top- the mountain having two tops about one and a half miles apart with a deep ravine between. We are now in close quarters certain- so much so that we can readily distinguish them drilling with the naked eye. We can see everything quite plain. Since I wrote last a new order of things have come around. Gen. Lee now commands here. Gen. Wise has been superceded by Gen. Floyd and the two commands have been united.","Wise has been ordered to Richmond and has gone. Gen. Loving is here with his forces. If we have a fight Loving will command the right wing- Lee the centre  and Floyd the left wing. Our force has been considerably increased but is not near strong enough. The enemy's reported strength at their position on top of Sewell is twelve thousand (12,000)- but then they have nearly as many more between them and Charleston. So that our little force of two thousand would be no where without they attack us in position. One thing certain I don't think it will ever do for us to attack them with this force. But something must soon be done. We cannot remain in sight of one another long without something being done and what is more our men cannot stand it- being on half rations all the time all they get is three biscuits a day and a piece of tough beef- and soldiers can't live in this country where it rains every other day and cold enough to freeze them on any such food as that. We have had several very heavy frosts here. Last Saturday morning a soldier from a Miss. [Mississippi] Regiment was found dead in a wagon supposed to have frozen to death. It rained all Thursday night and all day Friday night very hard and it was as cold as January and the poor fellow not having any tent along with them (having in obedience to orders left them at Meadow Bluff) froze to death. But his is only one of many deaths that occur here every day. Poor fellows! They take sick and have no one to take care of them and die from neglect. You can hardly pass a house without seeing a dead man and often you find them in barns and stables in the stalls where horses have been and nobody to bury them. I was told the other day by a man who said he saw three dead men lying in a stable and had been there so long they were actually putrifying[sic]- and I shouldn't be surprised if it were so- every house from here to the White Sul. [Sulfur] is a hospital. I should like to see some of those Manassas boys out here awhile- they would see some to grumble at.","There is to be a decisive battle fought here ere long whether we shall winter in Charleston or not and I don't care how soon for I am tired undergoing such hardships and doing nothing. I want to get into better quarters somewhere. I don't care where much- can't get as much as a hand full of hay- have to lie on the cold wet ground (in fact nothing but mud) and get up in the morning with rheumatism and sore throat and if it was not but for Lottie's piano cover I would have had to taken it on the naked ground and I believe I would have been dead long had it not have been for it. But I still have pretty good health- have a bad cold occasionally but I don't mind that much.","How are all at home? I should like very much to see you all. Have you seen Lottie yet- don't you think she is a beauty? I wish I could see her now.","But I must close as it is getting too dark to see how to write. I long for a letter- do write very soon. Give my best love to all at house also Uncle [Jo Burns?] family and tell Mollie to write. Tell Aunt [Minta?] that I wish often for some of her good biscuits and chickens- tell her to be sure to write very soon. Direct to the care of Col. McCausland, 36th Reg. Va. Vols. Floyd's Brigade, Charleston, Va. and if we whip the Yankees I will get it there; if not I will get it wherever I may be. Best love to all- tell Uncle Jimmy to write often. Good Bye. May God Bless you my dear Sister in the prayer of \nYour Loving Bro. \nJames.","Camp near Manassas \nJany 4th 1862","Dear Sister \nYour welcome note of the 30th inst reached me today. The bouquet retained its freshness and fragrance‐ and am much oblige to all parties interested in getting it up. Remember me kindly to them, and tell Miss Matilda that I will try and send her one in return, in the spring, especially as she took so much pains to fix it for a Colonel. Tell her the complaint among the Commissioned Officers here is that the smiles are all bestowed on the men in ranks. Well they justly deserve them. I believe I was acting as Brigadier when I last wrote, Col. Hill has returned and I am done playing \"Big Indian\" but after a week's experience in that capacity I don't think it is as vexatious position as that of little Colonel.","Genl. Elzey came up from Centreville today. He is still complaining with rheumatism.  He does my Regiment the compliment to have his body guard detailed from it. He says the Baltimorians \u0026 Tennesseeans stole from him.  (Geddie Effinger my roommate has just come and give me a scolding about not having a good fire).  But I must tell you that I am in my \"shanty\". We moved in last night. You will see from the enclosed picture that it bears a striking resemblance to the habitations along the line of the rail‐road in Northern Georgia only it is a better building. My kitchen is not quite completed. I eat in my tent this morning with snow on it, this is as near a Valley Forge scene as I have yet experienced. The ground is covered with snow, but it is very slight and the first winter weather we have had yet. My men are nearly all in their huts. And now I must tell you something else in connection with our Winter Quarters. I was at Genl. E. K. Smith's House today (I will tell you why I went there directly) for some time. He told me that Genl. Johnston wanted us to remain at Centreville and it was some time before he could prevail upon him to let us come here, so you see we are among the \"favored few\".  I was at Centreville yesterday. Many Regiments are still in their tents \u0026 will probably be all winter.","Camp Giles Co. Va. \nNov  11th 1863","My Dear Sister‐ \nI have but time to write you that I am safe‐ have had a desperate fight. We fought four to one \u0026 were whipped very badly‐ looking for reinforcements‐ will start back tomorrow. My love to all‐ will write again soon. \nYour loving Bro James ","Camp Near Lewisburg \nDecember 3rd, 1863","My Dear Sister,  \nI rec'd your kind \u0026 affectionate letter some days ago and reply at my earliest opportunity. When we retreated to Giles Co. \u0026 started back to this point I left my desk \u0026 all my writing apparatuses behind \u0026 they did not get up until a week ago when I started on a flag of truce to the enemy \u0026 did not get back until last night. As I have been so long delayed in writing to you I suppose it is unnecessary to give you any detailed account of the late fight as you have I suppose seen several accounts in the papers. It was the hardest \u0026 most disastrous fight we have ever had in this portion of the country.","This Batt. \u0026 the 22nd Regt. bore the brunt of the fight. What our loss is I do not know, certainly very heavy though. It will be some gratification to you to know that I was highly complimented in Genl. Echols official report (for my conduct in the fight) to the War Dept, though it does not become me to speak of it to anyone but yourself \u0026 I desire that you  will not speak of it. I have just returned from a very pleasant \u0026 sociable visit to the Yankees. We were treated very kindly indeed. We remained with them three days \u0026 four nights had \"sure 'nuff\" coffee three times a day \u0026 everything good that any one could desire, egg‐nog \u0026 whiskey included. I send you a Yankee paper of as late a date as I could get. I got a letter from L. last night and found it waiting my return. She is well \u0026 \"all right\", does not give any satisfactory reasons for her long delay‐ but I suppose I will have to give her a slight lecture\u0026 forgive her. She inquired after you‐ says she heard you were going to her neighborhood Christmas‐ hopes you will. If you do, you must go to see her. Her Mother has been very ill this fall‐ still is so.","Everything is very dull here now. I have not been to see any ladies since the fight, expect to do so as soon as I can get some clothes washed. Has Lizzie Van Lear returned from Salem yet? When I got home last night I found an invitation from and Aunt of hers, Mrs. Alex Arbuckle to visit some ladies at her house‐ but I rec'd it too late to go. She is a very nice lady, has been very kind to us. When we retreated from here the Col. \u0026 I left some clothing at her house \u0026 the Yankees heard of it \u0026 went \u0026 searched the house \u0026 destroyed it together with a great deal of her clothing \u0026 of her family. I lost some valuable clothing but saved the most of what I had. I do not know when I will be able to get a leave of absence. I would like you to buy me some yarn and knit me a pair of suspenders if you will. Do not make them more than 1 ½ inches wide. I will come to see you all as soon as I can. Aunt Mint is mistaken about my not writing to them. I have written twice I think without a reply. I will write again tonight. Give my best love to all. My love to Kate Duck \u0026 all friends when you write again. Good bye.  \nYour Loving Bro \nJames ","After you have finished reading the Yankee paper send it to Uncle Jimmie ","Camp near Lewisburg \nJanuary 5th 1864 \n \nMy Dear Sister: \nI rec'd your letter together with the one you wrote for Uncle J. on Christmas day. I am sorry I was not able to spend Christmas with you all‐ have enjoyed myself tolerably well. ","Since I wrote you last we have been run again by the Yankees‐ retreated to Salt Sulphur Springs ahead of Averill  going in the direction of Salem. Into position on Sweet Springs Mt.  to fight him, but he heard of us being there \u0026 took another road‐ have come back near Lewisburg‐ 5 miles on the Union Road‐ are encamped in a miserable place‐ don't think it possible to supply ourselves here very long. I am anxious to see you all‐ don't know when I'll be able to come. May come last of the month‐ don't look for me though‐ don't feel very well today. If you have an opportunity to send my trunk key to Uncle J. do so \u0026 if you don't have one send it in a letter. I will have to go there \u0026 get some clothes before I come to Salem. Love to all. Excuse me‐ have the Blues \nYours devotionally \nJames","Staunton Va. \nMay 19th 1864","My Dear Sister, \nWe are here waiting to get on the cars. Will leave here this evening for [left blank by Hardin]. Gen. Lee's army I think. We are nearly worn out entirely‐ have been on the march for ten or fifteen days. The news from all quarters is glorious‐ hope it may continue. Give my best to all. I will write again very soon. Good Bye.  \nYour most devoted Brother, \nJames ","Head Qrs. 23rd Va. Batt. \nMay 26, 1864","My Dear Sister: \nI write you to let you know that I am still \"right side up with care\". No fighting today- have had nothing but skirmishing since we have been here. We are just as sure to whip Grant if he attacks us here as the sun will shine tomorrow. We have plenty of men \u0026 they are in fine spirits. Do not be uneasy about me if you do not hear from me often. I have no means very seldom of writing. If I am hurt you will hear of it very soon. \nYours devotedly, \nJames \nMy best love to all","Camp near the Chickahominy \nOld Battlefield of Gaines Mill \nJune 4th, 1864","My Dear Sister \nWe had a heavy fight yesterday \u0026 repulsed the enemy at all points with heavy loss- our loss comparatively small. The enemy overpowered the left of our Brigade \u0026 had possession of their works for a short time but were soon driven from them with great slaughter. I have lost several friends- one very dear. One Capt. J. K. Thompson 22nd Regt. it is feared mortally wounded. A more gallant boy and a better friend never lived. I loved him as a brother. I want to see him but am very sick. We were relived in the trenches last night after 10 days very hard service. I am still not with my command but if I get any worse I shall be compelled to go to the rear. Tell Sam Barber that Lt. Donaldson is captured. Lt. Arnold killed and a good many of the Ka. Riflemen wounded captured. Adjt. Craig killed. Col. Edgar bayonet wound in shoulder- slight. We are in good spirits \u0026 determined to whip Grant. Have no fears. Write to Uncle J. I am safe. Pray for men- all the Adjt. in the Brigade are either killed or wounded except me. My time may come next. Best love to all. Good Bye. \nYour loving Bro. \nJames","Near Strasburg Va \nJuly 22nd 1864","My Dear Sister:  \nI wrote you a few days ago by private hands from near Snickers Ferry but will write you again now. We got here this morning from Middletown and have been in line of battle all day awaiting the approach of the enemy who have been pursuing us ever since we left the Potomac‐ but they ceased today. I thought this morning that we would have a battle today. They were following us all day yesterday \u0026 drove  in our pickets last night about 10 o'Clock and but from some cause they have stopped. They are reported to be in very heavy force \u0026 moving up in several different columns. They have been rather getting the better of us since we left the Potomac. They have captured a few portion of our wagon train several times and day before yesterday routed Ramseur's Division by bad management on his part. He lost between 4 and 600 men‐ Jim [Ba‐‐‐] was slightly wounded in the shoulder by a spent ball. He was to see me yesterday‐ said he was going back to duty yesterday evening. Gen. Lilley (Bob) was wounded \u0026 captured. This took place two miles below Winchester. Our Division was not on that road. I am much in hopes we will go on back up the Valley and take some rest and get something to eat for I am worn out and half starved for something that is fit to eat. I feel no interest in anything except just so far as I am personally concerned. I am dispirited. I have changed shirts but once since I left Staunton \u0026 some garments I haven't changed at all. I have but one change along but and they are dirty \u0026 I can neither get the chance nor time to get them washed. With all these afflictions I cannot say that I feel well‐ but still I am not sick for I am much better off than a great many others. ","We have a report here that Grant is dead‐ hope it may be so‐ but I fear it isn't. I am very anxious to see some papers \u0026 the news. ","Did you get my letter to you from Harrisonburg? I wrote to you from there and asked an old Gentleman standing on the street to mail it for me which he promised to do. This is a gloomy evening‐ just suits my feelings. Write me at once a long letter about everything. Give me the news. Tell me about everything and everybody. I hope we will soon get back up the Valley when I will try \u0026 come see you. We may more any way though. There is no telling. Give my very best to all. Tell Effie that I understand \"Uncle Davy Jamison\" is along with this army \u0026 I am on the look out for him. Write me very soon. May  God ever Bless you and the kind friends of Mt. Solon will ever be the prayer of \nYour devoted Brother, \nJames‐","Direct to 23 Va. Battalion, Echols' Brigade, Breckinridge's Div., Army of the Valley  \n(I have no stamps\u0026 it is impossible to get any here) ","[letter continues on the top of Page 1] \nIf we fight the enemy here or anywhere be assured they will get licked. We had a fight with them at Snickers Ferry on the 18th \u0026 whipped them badly. Our loss as heavy as theirs‐ Rode's Div. done the principal fighting.  ","Near Martinsburg Va.  \nJuly 27, 1864","My Dear Sister, \nGod has again made us victorious. The day after the fight I wrote you from Strasburg we moved down and attacked the enemy about 7 miles above Winchester and completely routed him. We from them with infantry and Artillery some two or three miles this side of Winchester when night came on \u0026 we (the Infantry) halted \u0026 the Cavalry pursued them much farther. The next day we remained in camp (waiting for rations) until about 4 o'clock, when we moved down \u0026 camped near Bunkers Hill \u0026 yesterday moved to this place. The enemy largely outnumbered us but we whipped them with the greatest greatest ease routing him. They burned a large number of their wagons‐ say 75‐ \u0026 blew up some caissons threw away a large number of arms, knapsacks \u0026 haversacks \u0026 everything that would impede this progress. Gen. Mulligan was mortally wounded \u0026 fell into our hands. Our loss was very slight‐ also that of the enemy. They came here \u0026 retreated towards Williamsport.","I am beginning to think that there certainly must be some Providential interference in regard to myself or perhaps it may be the prayers of my friends. I feel that there is certainly something‐ I cannot (lead?) a charmed life? I have felt this more strongly the other day than ever before. Perhaps it was because I realized my situation more fully than before.","Where we will go from here I cannot tell. There are several conjectures‐ among them are 1st that we will go on a trip to the North West by the way of Cumberland, Md. to Wheeling. 2nd that we will make the trip without crossing the river. 3rd that we will go back up the valley. I am in favor of some place where rest can be found‐ but if we can do anything by taking the trip to N.W. Va. I am in as long as I am able to put one foot before the other. I feel bully today. I am full up to the guzzle for once. We have had hard times in the eating line in the last ten days. I have drank so much coffee today that I am so nervous I can scarcely write. Being full of coffee \u0026 bread \u0026 meat I now long for some good smoking tobacco which is as scarce as hens teeth down here and scarcer too. I have some Yankee letters for your perusal. If we do will send them to you if I have an opportunity. Will send you a sample in this. She is a good writer but I think is flirting with him. I also send a picture which I think is hers‐ am not sure for there were several pictures captured together‐ but she speaks in one of the letters of a recent date of sending a picture to him \u0026 as this was the newest looking one of the lot, I take it for hers. Isn't she loving‐?  Derrick got a letter in which I got a message from Mrs. Lewis that Jimmy Sprout, Ginny's oldest boy died a week ago. All this you have heard. I am anxious for a letter from you. Write often twice a week. I may get them. Give my best love to all. Pray for me and be a good Christian May that God will ever bless you and the dear friends in Solon is the heartfelt devoted desire of my heart.  \nEver my precious sister  \nYour devoted Bro, \nJames ","[end of letter continues on tops of other pages] \nI want a Junebug or Dulcinea. The wounded of the last has healed. The bullet is still there. My heart is lonely. I have \"no one to love me‐ none to caress\". Col. [Barton?] speaks of going to Mt. Solon shortly. If he does will write by him. Remember me very kindly to \"Bro. Sam\". ","[On back of envelope]  \nI have no stamps. Saw Mr. Brown \u0026 Geo. G. the day before yesterday. They were well. M. is with his Co. ","Near Winchester, Va. \nAug 18th 1864","My Dear Sister; \nAgain we are on the move forward down the Valley. We marched from Strasburg here yesterday \u0026 attacked the enemy here \u0026 drove him beyond the town. They fell back from our front at Strasburg night before last‐ caused by a flank movement of Gen. Anderson with two Divs. of Longstreet's Corps \u0026 Fitz‐Lee's Cav. Div. We fought here only a Brig. of Infantry \u0026 a large force of Cav. , their main force having gone towards Berryville. They certainly have a very large force‐ say 35 or 40 thousand.  Our loss here heavy in comparison to that of the enemy. I lost my Sergt. Major badly wounded leg amputated. The fifth one I have had since I have been with this Battl. I again have great cause to thank God that I am again spared. Pray for me still. I suppose we will move on towards Martinsburg again \u0026 may cross the river \"if we can\". ","I would like to send you some money to \"splurge on\" if I have an opportunity. If you can get it then do so \u0026 when I come I will give or send it to you by the first opportunity. I don't want you to sit down in Mt. Solon \u0026 nurse your hands. I want you fly around \u0026 enjoy yourself with your associates. While they are taking pleasure excursions, I don't want you to remain behind. For funds as long as I have any I have plenty for you to enjoy yourself with. I want you to see something of the world. Be very choise[sic] of your associates, both ladies and gents‐ especially the latter‐ avoid forward nor too intimate on short acquaintance, rather be hard to cultivate‐ don't show your likes or dislikes too much, cover them as much as possible‐ altogether if you [can]. I have not time to answer your last letter. I wrote Mr. Paul to get me a n‐‐‐‐‐. I hope he will. I am greatly in need of one. I have no further news to write you now. Go to see Maj. Yancey if you can and enjoy yourself. Visit all you can so it ain't too much. I don't know the name of the girl that wrote the letters more than \"Recca\" or \"Pet\". The feller's name is Cassius L. Mather 23rd O.R. I don't think he was killed. Give my best love to all, write me very often. Write long letters. The reason I want the small pistol sent to Uncle J. is that he asked me to leave one of them with him. He has the large one now \u0026 will keep it until I can get a belt. Good bye my dear sister. May God Bless you. Pray for me. \nYour devoted Bro.  \nJames","Camp 6 miles below W.Chester [Winchester] \nSept. 14th, 1864","My Dear Sister, \nI have been looking for more than a week for a letter from both you \u0026 Mr. Paul but have not re'ced either. What has he done about getting me a boy. I am here with no one to do anything for me- living worse than a negro. The man that I had to cook a little for me was discharged today \u0026 I am in a sweet fix. Ask Uncle Paul to get me anyone he can for any price for a short time. I must have some body or I'll leave here. I am not well- haven't been for more than a week, suffering dreadfully with rheumatism \u0026 headache. Ask Uncle Paul for God sake to get me someone and start him right off. I am dirty filthy lousy \u0026 sick. Got no clothes, no nothing. \nWrite me at once. \nYour affect. Bro \nJames","Officer's Prison Fort Delaware \nSept. 30th, 1864","My Darling Sister, \nI can imagine what your anxiety for me has been and hasten to avail myself of the only opportunity (and I fear an uncertain one). I have to inform you of my whereabouts and safety. I hope though that you have gotten one at least of the four or five letters I wrote and left in Va. to be sent to you. I was brought here on 27th inst. in company with the 184 other officers from our army- 125 of which were captured the same time I was and belonging mostly to our Div. Our Brigade being left back to support the Cav. was entirely cut off and surrounded and nothing was left us but to surrender. It might have been worse and I thank God it is not.  Write me about my horse. Tell Mr. Paul that I would like to have the name of some of his friends here (in the North) to whom I can apply for pecuniary assistance. I write to him today. I would like for any of our friends to do me a like favor. I am well. Give my best love to all my friends \u0026 relatives. Write me very soon and be sure to give me the name of some one to whom I can look for assistance. I will give more instructions in Mr. P's letter. \nYour devoted Brother \nJames","Direct to: \nAdjt. J. A. H. \nPrisoner of War, 23rd Batt. Va. Inftry. \nDiv. No. 33 Fort Delaware, Del. \nVia Flag of truce","Officers Prison, Fort Delaware \nNovember 1st, 1864","My darling Sister: \nAnother week has gone and still no tidings from you. O Heavens the anxiety of suspense! I cannot estimate what a letter from you would be worth to me now. You certainly have rece'd one or more of the letters I have written you from here and I cannot see why it is I have not rece'd at least one from you if you followed my directions. As I told you in my last I will try to make it convenient to write once a week. You write at least that. Adjt. [Sydenstricker] who left here shortly after we got here for exchange promised to write you all about me from Richmond. Also Col. Edgar \u0026 Capt. Marshall who left only a few days ago. Answer all of my questions in my former letters in two or three successive letters so that I may be more likely to see them. Don't forget my horse and the references. I am still enjoying good health and doing as well generally as could be expected under the circumstances. I have found several persons in the month who have befriended me. Write me often. Give my best love to all in Mt. Solon, also to Miss N - at Churchville- also Uncle J. \u0026 family. Jim Burn is here as well- so is John Hanna. Good bye. I sent you some stamps in my last. May God Bless you my dear darling sister. \nEver your devoted Bro","Officer's Prison, Fort Delaware \nNovember 9th 1864","My precious Sister: \nI certainly expected to get a reply to some of my former letters by the last flag of truce boat - but was again disappointed. Why is this? Certainly you have written? I have written you some four or five letters from here - three in as many weeks- but not one word have I heard to quiet my anxiety- which is very great. I do not know why it is- others receive letters from the South- why wouldn't I? Write me every few days until I hear from you \u0026 as I told you in some of my former letters, if you cannot get U.S. postage stamps enclose to Col. Ould \u0026 I can pay it here- but get them if you can. Perhaps Mrs. Mary Lewis (was McFarland) can inform you how to obtain them. Don't fail to send me the names of those to whom I can apply for assistance. I explained all this in my former letters. Tell me about my horse, etc. Have inserted in Rich. [?], requesting New York Daily News to copy, a personal for me, giving me the information I want. Get the address I want from Uncle Jimmy \u0026 Uncle Paul or if they cannot give them, they can probably get some one to do it who can. Maj. McCue for instance. They can insert a personal as above to the parties requesting them to supply me. Make use of every expedient to let me hear from you. I am nearly crazy to do as I think Uncle Jimmy \u0026 Uncle Paul can certainly give me the information so badly needed. Be sure to write often. I shall be utterly miserable until I hear from you. Give my best love to all in Solon \u0026 at Uncle J's \u0026 all enquiring friends. Jim [Burns or Beam?] is here \u0026 well. Write to Mollie. Jim McFarland also here \u0026 well. Have you rece'd my letters from Winchester? May God Bless you ever, my darling sister. \nYour ever devoted Bro. \nJames","Walnut Grove \nTuesday morning","My darling Sister: \nIt was my intention to start to see you today but both Uncle Jimmy \u0026 Aunt Mint think it best for me to remain and not undertake the trip too soon. As you may suppose I am very weak \u0026 could not so all the way to Mt. Solon in one day if I were to start now. My health is tolerable. Rest assured that I will come just as soon as possible. My anxiety to see you cannot be expressed. Give my best love to all. I arrived here Saturday night. I send this by Mr. Goodman who goes to Staunton after his daughter. Good Bye until we meet up- will I hope be very soon. \nYour fond \u0026 devoted Bro. \nJames","The bulk of the collection consists of letters written by James A. Harden to his sister, covering wartime events experienced by his unit as well as his time at Ft. Delaware, Delaware. The collection also includes one letter (dated June 6, 1861) written while Harden was at VMI and other items.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards arrival at VMI and daily life as a cadet.","Written from Camp at Fairfax Station, Virginia. Letter discusses the importance of military schools that \"will serve as a nucleus around which to build up a Southern Army.\"","Written from \"Camp at Rich Hill on Big Sewell Mountain,\" Virginia. Letter regards daily life in the 36th Virginia Infantry Regiment, including troop movements and enemy locations.","Written from \"Camp near Manassas,\" Virginia. Letter regards daily life in camp.","Written from camp in Giles County, Virginia. Note explains that they have \"had a desperate fight. We fought four to one \u0026 were whipped very badly-looking for reinforcements.\"","Written from camp near Lewisburg, West Virginia. Letter regards heavy losses in battle, a \"visit to the Yankees,\" and family news.","Written from \"Camp near Lewisburg.\" Letter regards troop movements to avoid the enemy, James A. Harden's health, and a potential visit at the end of the month.","Written from Staunton, Virginia. Letter regards troop movement to meet General Robert E. Lee's army.","Written from headquarters, 23rd Virginia Battalion. Letter mentions that James A. Harden is \"right side up with care\" and that they \"have plenty of men \u0026 they are in fine spirits.\"","Written from \"Camp near the Chickahominy, Old Battlefield of Gaines Mill,\" Virginia.  Letter describes the Battle of Cold Harbor, Virginia.","Written from near Strasburg, Virginia. Letter regards a fight at Snickers Ferry, Virginia on July 18, 1864 and a decline in mood.","Written from \"near\" Martinsburg, Virginia. Letter regards current troop movements, engagement with the enemy, and personal matters.","Written from \"near\" Winchester, Virginia. Letter regards recent engagement with the enemy, desire to send money home, and personal matters.","Written from camp \"6 miles below Winchester,\" Virginia. Letter regards loss of a cook and James A. Harden's poor health.","Written from \"Officer's Prison Fort Delaware,\" Delaware. Letter regards capture and transfer to Fort Delaware.","Written from \"Officer's Prison Fort Delaware,\" Delaware. Letter regards life in prison and health.","Written from \"Officer's Prison Fort Delaware,\" Delaware. Letter regards disappointment in not receiving letters from family and family matters.","Written from Walnut Grove. Letter regards release from Fort Delaware, Delaware and the hope to travel home soon.","Letter confirms that James A. Harden is a prisoner at Fort Delaware, Deleware.","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Harden, James A. (James Abel), 1841-1927","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0476","/repositories/3/resources/556"],"normalized_title_ssm":["James A. Harden papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["James A. Harden papers"],"collection_ssim":["James A. Harden papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Fort Delaware (Del.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Fort Delaware (Del.)"],"creator_ssm":["Harden, James A. (James Abel), 1841-1927"],"creator_ssim":["Harden, James A. (James Abel), 1841-1927"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Harden, James A. (James Abel), 1841-1927"],"creators_ssim":["Harden, James A. (James Abel), 1841-1927"],"places_ssim":["Fort Delaware (Del.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Battalion, 23rd","Soldiers—Virginia—Correspondence","Virginia—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","Virginia—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia Military Institute—Alumni—Biography","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1860-1869","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1864","Virginia Military Institute—Civil War, 1861-1865","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Prisoners and prisons","Prisoners of war","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 36th"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Battalion, 23rd","Soldiers—Virginia—Correspondence","Virginia—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","Virginia—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia Military Institute—Alumni—Biography","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1860-1869","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1864","Virginia Military Institute—Civil War, 1861-1865","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Prisoners and prisons","Prisoners of war","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 36th"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["27 items"],"extent_tesim":["27 items"],"date_range_isim":[1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions"],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p15821coll11/id/2132\"\u003eJames A. Harden's outgoing correspondence is available online.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Online Access"],"altformavail_tesim":["James A. Harden's outgoing correspondence is available online."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames Abel Harden was born on December 8, 1841 in Greenville, Augusta County, Virginia to Daniel Madison Harden (1813-1887) of Kentucky and Eliza Ann Gibbons (1815-1848) of Virginia. He came to VMI on June 4, 1861 to receive military training. After a few weeks Harden enlisted in the 36th Virginia Regiment and was appointed sergeant major on Aug 10, 1861. He is shown as Acting Assistant Adjutant General in the 2nd Brigade Army of the Kanawha in November 1861. He resigned and and was discharged on March 25, 1862 and became Acting Adjutant for the 23rd Virginia Battalion sometime in the summer of 1862. Harden was appointed 1st lieutenant and Adjutant of the 23rd Battalion on November 20, 1862. He was praised for \"distinguished gallantry\" at Droop Mountain in November, 1863. He was captured at the Third Battle of Winchester and held at Ft. Delaware, Delaware where he was released on oath June 12, 1865.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1880 Harden married Winnie Ella Berkey (1859-1921) of Buckingham County, Virginia and the couple had eight children: Susan Mary Harden, Annie Tupper Harden, David Humphreys Harden, James Edwin Harden, Mildred Lee Harden, Robert Edward Harden, Benhamin Bee Harden, and Dixie Mae Harden.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nHarden died on September 7, 1942 in Dillwyn, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Contents Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["James Abel Harden was born on December 8, 1841 in Greenville, Augusta County, Virginia to Daniel Madison Harden (1813-1887) of Kentucky and Eliza Ann Gibbons (1815-1848) of Virginia. He came to VMI on June 4, 1861 to receive military training. After a few weeks Harden enlisted in the 36th Virginia Regiment and was appointed sergeant major on Aug 10, 1861. He is shown as Acting Assistant Adjutant General in the 2nd Brigade Army of the Kanawha in November 1861. He resigned and and was discharged on March 25, 1862 and became Acting Adjutant for the 23rd Virginia Battalion sometime in the summer of 1862. Harden was appointed 1st lieutenant and Adjutant of the 23rd Battalion on November 20, 1862. He was praised for \"distinguished gallantry\" at Droop Mountain in November, 1863. He was captured at the Third Battle of Winchester and held at Ft. Delaware, Delaware where he was released on oath June 12, 1865.","In 1880 Harden married Winnie Ella Berkey (1859-1921) of Buckingham County, Virginia and the couple had eight children: Susan Mary Harden, Annie Tupper Harden, David Humphreys Harden, James Edwin Harden, Mildred Lee Harden, Robert Edward Harden, Benhamin Bee Harden, and Dixie Mae Harden.","\nHarden died on September 7, 1942 in Dillwyn, Virginia."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eV.M. Institute\u003cbr\u003e\nJune 6th, 1861\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Sister,\u003cbr\u003e \nI suppose you have heard ere this my whereabouts - I passed through Staunton on yesterday week and would have called to see you but the cars were behind hand that day and the stage left immediately after cars got there and I did not have time to do so. I went to Uncle Jim Burn's and intended coming to see you from there but heard that your school was out and you had gone to Mt. Solon and as I did not have time to come there I left for this place on Monday last where I have been ever since. I entered as a regular cadet. I am well and getting along very well‐ am very lonesome and often long for a letter from you‐ have rec'd no letters from anyone since I have been here. I rec'd a letter from you the day I left the University‐ but have not been able to answer it since‐ and here I have not time to do anything of that kind‐ keep a feller running to roll call, drums, drills and lecture every two minutes almost. When a feller comes here he has to give up his liberty in every respect‐ it is just like you were in jail. Can't leave barracks hardly without permission. I have no news of any importance to write you‐ in fact I haven't heard any news or seen a newspaper since I have been here. I suppose you have rec'd a letter from Uncle Jimmy or Aunt [Min] ere this. They told me they would write and let you know where I was for I did not know when I should have an opportunity to write. There is that infernal drum again. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReturned. I have but time to say Good Bye and write very soon. Love to all.\u003cbr\u003e\nYour Loving Bro‐\u003cbr\u003e\nJames.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDirect to\u003cbr\u003e \nCadet Jas. A. Harden\u003cbr\u003e \nV. M. Institute\u003cbr\u003e \nLexington, Va\u003cbr\u003e \nNever ~Darling~ \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp at Fairfax Station\u003cbr\u003e\nAug 21st 1861 \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Father,\u003cbr\u003e\nI received yours Lou's and Billy's notes day before yesterday. My advice to Billy would be to return to the Institute. All the Military schools in the land will be in operation, and others will doubtless spring up these will serve as a nucleus around which to build up a Southern Army. No education in future will hardly be considered complete that does not embrace a knowledge of tactics. It seems to me impolitic to draw Southern boys into the war, when we have enough able‐bodied men to fight our battles, and especially when there is a probability that these boys will render more effective service to their country at a future day. Billy has been at the Institute one year and laid a foundation for his education and I see no good reason why he should not continue to build upon it. I do not think the fact of a war being in progress should do away with the intellectual training of one generation. Two of the Corps of Professors at the Institute have been ordered to return by the 1st of October, the places of the others will be supplied, at least this is the arrangement at present. I suppose by Fall, the cadets whose martial spirit now inclines them to remain in the army, will return to the Institute. Billy spoke of returning as drill master. Since the battle of Manassas, the men would be indignant to talk to them about a drill‐master  as they call themselves old soldiers.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere is no position in this Regiment, or any other, in which Billy could draw pay, and remain only a month or so. But if it is his desire to join the army for the war, and this meets with your approval, I don't think there is any doubt about his obtaining a situation in this Regiment as 3rd Lieut. of Capt. Brown's Company at a salary of eighty ($80) a month. Capt. Brown's 3rd Lieut. has resigned and the vacancy will be to fill, and I asked the Captain the probability of Billy's election. He consulted with his men, and told me he did not think there would be any doubt about it. The resignation of the Lieut. has just been sent in and whilst it will certainly be accepted, it will not be heard from for three or four weeks. I can postpone the election until the 1st October, if necessary. This is all I can do for Billy at present, you \u0026amp; he can take it under consideration \u0026amp; report. But tell Billy if he decides to take the post‐ I want him to understand that Genl. Elzey don't give furloughs \u0026amp; that I don't want to be troubled by loaning money‐ clothes, or treating to ice cream that if he comes he must come with the determination to \"hoe his own row\"‐ He has been in the army long enough to know what it is \u0026amp; what will be expected of him. Of course I will cheerfully administer to his wants should he get sick, but Billy understands he remembers my lectures about his sponging and complaining at Winchester.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBut enough on this subject for the present. I have been directed to make a requisition for 40 rounds of cartridges in addition to what I have and now have a good deal on hand. I am told 17 loads of boats went to Aquia Creek a few days since. I was at Fairfax C.H. yesterday‐ the whole country around is one grand encampment. We have a good deal of sickness in our camp‐ not less than 150 cases‐ of this number about twenty have the remittent fever. Some of my men I fear will die. A. B. Bridges who married  (Robt. Miller's) widow died in the hospital at Richmond with the fever‐ he was delirious when he reached Gordonsville. We lost another man last week with the fever on his way home near camp \u0026amp; gave them all the attention we can. I am sorry to hear of Mr. Steven's illness‐ but hope he is well by this time. Let me hear from you soon.\u003cbr\u003e\nYour affectionate son.\u003cbr\u003e\nJim\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy regards to Miss Matilda \u0026amp; Mr. Stevens family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp at Rich Hill on Big Sewell Mountain\u003cbr\u003e\nOct. 3rd/61\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Sister:\u003cbr\u003e\nI wrote you some days ago from Meadow Bluff but did not get an opportunity to send it. When I wrote it we were under orders to march the next morning, where I did not know- but now, as I am at our journeys end I can tell you. We are encamped in full view of the enemy. We being on the Eastern or first top of Big Sewell Mountain and they being on the Western or second top- the mountain having two tops about one and a half miles apart with a deep ravine between. We are now in close quarters certain- so much so that we can readily distinguish them drilling with the naked eye. We can see everything quite plain. Since I wrote last a new order of things have come around. Gen. Lee now commands here. Gen. Wise has been superceded by Gen. Floyd and the two commands have been united.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWise has been ordered to Richmond and has gone. Gen. Loving is here with his forces. If we have a fight Loving will command the right wing- Lee the centre  and Floyd the left wing. Our force has been considerably increased but is not near strong enough. The enemy's reported strength at their position on top of Sewell is twelve thousand (12,000)- but then they have nearly as many more between them and Charleston. So that our little force of two thousand would be no where without they attack us in position. One thing certain I don't think it will ever do for us to attack them with this force. But something must soon be done. We cannot remain in sight of one another long without something being done and what is more our men cannot stand it- being on half rations all the time all they get is three biscuits a day and a piece of tough beef- and soldiers can't live in this country where it rains every other day and cold enough to freeze them on any such food as that. We have had several very heavy frosts here. Last Saturday morning a soldier from a Miss. [Mississippi] Regiment was found dead in a wagon supposed to have frozen to death. It rained all Thursday night and all day Friday night very hard and it was as cold as January and the poor fellow not having any tent along with them (having in obedience to orders left them at Meadow Bluff) froze to death. But his is only one of many deaths that occur here every day. Poor fellows! They take sick and have no one to take care of them and die from neglect. You can hardly pass a house without seeing a dead man and often you find them in barns and stables in the stalls where horses have been and nobody to bury them. I was told the other day by a man who said he saw three dead men lying in a stable and had been there so long they were actually putrifying[sic]- and I shouldn't be surprised if it were so- every house from here to the White Sul. [Sulfur] is a hospital. I should like to see some of those Manassas boys out here awhile- they would see some to grumble at.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere is to be a decisive battle fought here ere long whether we shall winter in Charleston or not and I don't care how soon for I am tired undergoing such hardships and doing nothing. I want to get into better quarters somewhere. I don't care where much- can't get as much as a hand full of hay- have to lie on the cold wet ground (in fact nothing but mud) and get up in the morning with rheumatism and sore throat and if it was not but for Lottie's piano cover I would have had to taken it on the naked ground and I believe I would have been dead long had it not have been for it. But I still have pretty good health- have a bad cold occasionally but I don't mind that much.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHow are all at home? I should like very much to see you all. Have you seen Lottie yet- don't you think she is a beauty? I wish I could see her now.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBut I must close as it is getting too dark to see how to write. I long for a letter- do write very soon. Give my best love to all at house also Uncle [Jo Burns?] family and tell Mollie to write. Tell Aunt [Minta?] that I wish often for some of her good biscuits and chickens- tell her to be sure to write very soon. Direct to the care of Col. McCausland, 36th Reg. Va. Vols. Floyd's Brigade, Charleston, Va. and if we whip the Yankees I will get it there; if not I will get it wherever I may be. Best love to all- tell Uncle Jimmy to write often. Good Bye. May God Bless you my dear Sister in the prayer of\u003cbr\u003e\nYour Loving Bro.\u003cbr\u003e\nJames.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp near Manassas\u003cbr\u003e\nJany 4th 1862\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Sister\u003cbr\u003e\nYour welcome note of the 30th inst reached me today. The bouquet retained its freshness and fragrance‐ and am much oblige to all parties interested in getting it up. Remember me kindly to them, and tell Miss Matilda that I will try and send her one in return, in the spring, especially as she took so much pains to fix it for a Colonel. Tell her the complaint among the Commissioned Officers here is that the smiles are all bestowed on the men in ranks. Well they justly deserve them. I believe I was acting as Brigadier when I last wrote, Col. Hill has returned and I am done playing \"Big Indian\" but after a week's experience in that capacity I don't think it is as vexatious position as that of little Colonel.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGenl. Elzey came up from Centreville today. He is still complaining with rheumatism.  He does my Regiment the compliment to have his body guard detailed from it. He says the Baltimorians \u0026amp; Tennesseeans stole from him.  (Geddie Effinger my roommate has just come and give me a scolding about not having a good fire).  But I must tell you that I am in my \"shanty\". We moved in last night. You will see from the enclosed picture that it bears a striking resemblance to the habitations along the line of the rail‐road in Northern Georgia only it is a better building. My kitchen is not quite completed. I eat in my tent this morning with snow on it, this is as near a Valley Forge scene as I have yet experienced. The ground is covered with snow, but it is very slight and the first winter weather we have had yet. My men are nearly all in their huts. And now I must tell you something else in connection with our Winter Quarters. I was at Genl. E. K. Smith's House today (I will tell you why I went there directly) for some time. He told me that Genl. Johnston wanted us to remain at Centreville and it was some time before he could prevail upon him to let us come here, so you see we are among the \"favored few\".  I was at Centreville yesterday. Many Regiments are still in their tents \u0026amp; will probably be all winter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Giles Co. Va.\u003cbr\u003e\nNov  11th 1863\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Sister‐\u003cbr\u003e\nI have but time to write you that I am safe‐ have had a desperate fight. We fought four to one \u0026amp; were whipped very badly‐ looking for reinforcements‐ will start back tomorrow. My love to all‐ will write again soon.\u003cbr\u003e\nYour loving Bro James \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Near Lewisburg\u003cbr\u003e\nDecember 3rd, 1863\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Sister,\u003cbr\u003e \nI rec'd your kind \u0026amp; affectionate letter some days ago and reply at my earliest opportunity. When we retreated to Giles Co. \u0026amp; started back to this point I left my desk \u0026amp; all my writing apparatuses behind \u0026amp; they did not get up until a week ago when I started on a flag of truce to the enemy \u0026amp; did not get back until last night. As I have been so long delayed in writing to you I suppose it is unnecessary to give you any detailed account of the late fight as you have I suppose seen several accounts in the papers. It was the hardest \u0026amp; most disastrous fight we have ever had in this portion of the country.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis Batt. \u0026amp; the 22nd Regt. bore the brunt of the fight. What our loss is I do not know, certainly very heavy though. It will be some gratification to you to know that I was highly complimented in Genl. Echols official report (for my conduct in the fight) to the War Dept, though it does not become me to speak of it to anyone but yourself \u0026amp; I desire that you  will not speak of it. I have just returned from a very pleasant \u0026amp; sociable visit to the Yankees. We were treated very kindly indeed. We remained with them three days \u0026amp; four nights had \"sure 'nuff\" coffee three times a day \u0026amp; everything good that any one could desire, egg‐nog \u0026amp; whiskey included. I send you a Yankee paper of as late a date as I could get. I got a letter from L. last night and found it waiting my return. She is well \u0026amp; \"all right\", does not give any satisfactory reasons for her long delay‐ but I suppose I will have to give her a slight lecture\u0026amp; forgive her. She inquired after you‐ says she heard you were going to her neighborhood Christmas‐ hopes you will. If you do, you must go to see her. Her Mother has been very ill this fall‐ still is so.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEverything is very dull here now. I have not been to see any ladies since the fight, expect to do so as soon as I can get some clothes washed. Has Lizzie Van Lear returned from Salem yet? When I got home last night I found an invitation from and Aunt of hers, Mrs. Alex Arbuckle to visit some ladies at her house‐ but I rec'd it too late to go. She is a very nice lady, has been very kind to us. When we retreated from here the Col. \u0026amp; I left some clothing at her house \u0026amp; the Yankees heard of it \u0026amp; went \u0026amp; searched the house \u0026amp; destroyed it together with a great deal of her clothing \u0026amp; of her family. I lost some valuable clothing but saved the most of what I had. I do not know when I will be able to get a leave of absence. I would like you to buy me some yarn and knit me a pair of suspenders if you will. Do not make them more than 1 ½ inches wide. I will come to see you all as soon as I can. Aunt Mint is mistaken about my not writing to them. I have written twice I think without a reply. I will write again tonight. Give my best love to all. My love to Kate Duck \u0026amp; all friends when you write again. Good bye.\u003cbr\u003e \nYour Loving Bro\u003cbr\u003e\nJames \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter you have finished reading the Yankee paper send it to Uncle Jimmie \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp near Lewisburg\u003cbr\u003e\nJanuary 5th 1864 \n \nMy Dear Sister:\u003cbr\u003e\nI rec'd your letter together with the one you wrote for Uncle J. on Christmas day. I am sorry I was not able to spend Christmas with you all‐ have enjoyed myself tolerably well. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSince I wrote you last we have been run again by the Yankees‐ retreated to Salt Sulphur Springs ahead of Averill  going in the direction of Salem. Into position on Sweet Springs Mt.  to fight him, but he heard of us being there \u0026amp; took another road‐ have come back near Lewisburg‐ 5 miles on the Union Road‐ are encamped in a miserable place‐ don't think it possible to supply ourselves here very long. I am anxious to see you all‐ don't know when I'll be able to come. May come last of the month‐ don't look for me though‐ don't feel very well today. If you have an opportunity to send my trunk key to Uncle J. do so \u0026amp; if you don't have one send it in a letter. I will have to go there \u0026amp; get some clothes before I come to Salem. Love to all. Excuse me‐ have the Blues\u003cbr\u003e\nYours devotionally\u003cbr\u003e\nJames\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStaunton Va.\u003cbr\u003e\nMay 19th 1864\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Sister,\u003cbr\u003e\nWe are here waiting to get on the cars. Will leave here this evening for [left blank by Hardin]. Gen. Lee's army I think. We are nearly worn out entirely‐ have been on the march for ten or fifteen days. The news from all quarters is glorious‐ hope it may continue. Give my best to all. I will write again very soon. Good Bye.\u003cbr\u003e \nYour most devoted Brother,\u003cbr\u003e\nJames \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHead Qrs. 23rd Va. Batt.\u003cbr\u003e\nMay 26, 1864\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Sister:\u003cbr\u003e\nI write you to let you know that I am still \"right side up with care\". No fighting today- have had nothing but skirmishing since we have been here. We are just as sure to whip Grant if he attacks us here as the sun will shine tomorrow. We have plenty of men \u0026amp; they are in fine spirits. Do not be uneasy about me if you do not hear from me often. I have no means very seldom of writing. If I am hurt you will hear of it very soon.\u003cbr\u003e\nYours devotedly,\u003cbr\u003e\nJames\u003cbr\u003e\nMy best love to all\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp near the Chickahominy\u003cbr\u003e\nOld Battlefield of Gaines Mill\u003cbr\u003e\nJune 4th, 1864\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Sister\u003cbr\u003e\nWe had a heavy fight yesterday \u0026amp; repulsed the enemy at all points with heavy loss- our loss comparatively small. The enemy overpowered the left of our Brigade \u0026amp; had possession of their works for a short time but were soon driven from them with great slaughter. I have lost several friends- one very dear. One Capt. J. K. Thompson 22nd Regt. it is feared mortally wounded. A more gallant boy and a better friend never lived. I loved him as a brother. I want to see him but am very sick. We were relived in the trenches last night after 10 days very hard service. I am still not with my command but if I get any worse I shall be compelled to go to the rear. Tell Sam Barber that Lt. Donaldson is captured. Lt. Arnold killed and a good many of the Ka. Riflemen wounded captured. Adjt. Craig killed. Col. Edgar bayonet wound in shoulder- slight. We are in good spirits \u0026amp; determined to whip Grant. Have no fears. Write to Uncle J. I am safe. Pray for men- all the Adjt. in the Brigade are either killed or wounded except me. My time may come next. Best love to all. Good Bye.\u003cbr\u003e\nYour loving Bro.\u003cbr\u003e\nJames\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNear Strasburg Va\u003cbr\u003e\nJuly 22nd 1864\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Sister:\u003cbr\u003e \nI wrote you a few days ago by private hands from near Snickers Ferry but will write you again now. We got here this morning from Middletown and have been in line of battle all day awaiting the approach of the enemy who have been pursuing us ever since we left the Potomac‐ but they ceased today. I thought this morning that we would have a battle today. They were following us all day yesterday \u0026amp; drove  in our pickets last night about 10 o'Clock and but from some cause they have stopped. They are reported to be in very heavy force \u0026amp; moving up in several different columns. They have been rather getting the better of us since we left the Potomac. They have captured a few portion of our wagon train several times and day before yesterday routed Ramseur's Division by bad management on his part. He lost between 4 and 600 men‐ Jim [Ba‐‐‐] was slightly wounded in the shoulder by a spent ball. He was to see me yesterday‐ said he was going back to duty yesterday evening. Gen. Lilley (Bob) was wounded \u0026amp; captured. This took place two miles below Winchester. Our Division was not on that road. I am much in hopes we will go on back up the Valley and take some rest and get something to eat for I am worn out and half starved for something that is fit to eat. I feel no interest in anything except just so far as I am personally concerned. I am dispirited. I have changed shirts but once since I left Staunton \u0026amp; some garments I haven't changed at all. I have but one change along but and they are dirty \u0026amp; I can neither get the chance nor time to get them washed. With all these afflictions I cannot say that I feel well‐ but still I am not sick for I am much better off than a great many others. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe have a report here that Grant is dead‐ hope it may be so‐ but I fear it isn't. I am very anxious to see some papers \u0026amp; the news. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDid you get my letter to you from Harrisonburg? I wrote to you from there and asked an old Gentleman standing on the street to mail it for me which he promised to do. This is a gloomy evening‐ just suits my feelings. Write me at once a long letter about everything. Give me the news. Tell me about everything and everybody. I hope we will soon get back up the Valley when I will try \u0026amp; come see you. We may more any way though. There is no telling. Give my very best to all. Tell Effie that I understand \"Uncle Davy Jamison\" is along with this army \u0026amp; I am on the look out for him. Write me very soon. May  God ever Bless you and the kind friends of Mt. Solon will ever be the prayer of\u003cbr\u003e\nYour devoted Brother,\u003cbr\u003e\nJames‐\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDirect to 23 Va. Battalion, Echols' Brigade, Breckinridge's Div., Army of the Valley\u003cbr\u003e \n(I have no stamps\u0026amp; it is impossible to get any here) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e[letter continues on the top of Page 1]\u003cbr\u003e\nIf we fight the enemy here or anywhere be assured they will get licked. We had a fight with them at Snickers Ferry on the 18th \u0026amp; whipped them badly. Our loss as heavy as theirs‐ Rode's Div. done the principal fighting.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNear Martinsburg Va.\u003cbr\u003e \nJuly 27, 1864\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Sister,\u003cbr\u003e\nGod has again made us victorious. The day after the fight I wrote you from Strasburg we moved down and attacked the enemy about 7 miles above Winchester and completely routed him. We from them with infantry and Artillery some two or three miles this side of Winchester when night came on \u0026amp; we (the Infantry) halted \u0026amp; the Cavalry pursued them much farther. The next day we remained in camp (waiting for rations) until about 4 o'clock, when we moved down \u0026amp; camped near Bunkers Hill \u0026amp; yesterday moved to this place. The enemy largely outnumbered us but we whipped them with the greatest greatest ease routing him. They burned a large number of their wagons‐ say 75‐ \u0026amp; blew up some caissons threw away a large number of arms, knapsacks \u0026amp; haversacks \u0026amp; everything that would impede this progress. Gen. Mulligan was mortally wounded \u0026amp; fell into our hands. Our loss was very slight‐ also that of the enemy. They came here \u0026amp; retreated towards Williamsport.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI am beginning to think that there certainly must be some Providential interference in regard to myself or perhaps it may be the prayers of my friends. I feel that there is certainly something‐ I cannot (lead?) a charmed life? I have felt this more strongly the other day than ever before. Perhaps it was because I realized my situation more fully than before.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhere we will go from here I cannot tell. There are several conjectures‐ among them are 1st that we will go on a trip to the North West by the way of Cumberland, Md. to Wheeling. 2nd that we will make the trip without crossing the river. 3rd that we will go back up the valley. I am in favor of some place where rest can be found‐ but if we can do anything by taking the trip to N.W. Va. I am in as long as I am able to put one foot before the other. I feel bully today. I am full up to the guzzle for once. We have had hard times in the eating line in the last ten days. I have drank so much coffee today that I am so nervous I can scarcely write. Being full of coffee \u0026amp; bread \u0026amp; meat I now long for some good smoking tobacco which is as scarce as hens teeth down here and scarcer too. I have some Yankee letters for your perusal. If we do will send them to you if I have an opportunity. Will send you a sample in this. She is a good writer but I think is flirting with him. I also send a picture which I think is hers‐ am not sure for there were several pictures captured together‐ but she speaks in one of the letters of a recent date of sending a picture to him \u0026amp; as this was the newest looking one of the lot, I take it for hers. Isn't she loving‐?  Derrick got a letter in which I got a message from Mrs. Lewis that Jimmy Sprout, Ginny's oldest boy died a week ago. All this you have heard. I am anxious for a letter from you. Write often twice a week. I may get them. Give my best love to all. Pray for me and be a good Christian May that God will ever bless you and the dear friends in Solon is the heartfelt devoted desire of my heart.\u003cbr\u003e \nEver my precious sister \u003cbr\u003e\nYour devoted Bro,\u003cbr\u003e\nJames \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e[end of letter continues on tops of other pages]\u003cbr\u003e\nI want a Junebug or Dulcinea. The wounded of the last has healed. The bullet is still there. My heart is lonely. I have \"no one to love me‐ none to caress\". Col. [Barton?] speaks of going to Mt. Solon shortly. If he does will write by him. Remember me very kindly to \"Bro. Sam\". \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e[On back of envelope]\u003cbr\u003e \nI have no stamps. Saw Mr. Brown \u0026amp; Geo. G. the day before yesterday. They were well. M. is with his Co. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNear Winchester, Va.\u003cbr\u003e\nAug 18th 1864\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Sister;\u003cbr\u003e\nAgain we are on the move forward down the Valley. We marched from Strasburg here yesterday \u0026amp; attacked the enemy here \u0026amp; drove him beyond the town. They fell back from our front at Strasburg night before last‐ caused by a flank movement of Gen. Anderson with two Divs. of Longstreet's Corps \u0026amp; Fitz‐Lee's Cav. Div. We fought here only a Brig. of Infantry \u0026amp; a large force of Cav. , their main force having gone towards Berryville. They certainly have a very large force‐ say 35 or 40 thousand.  Our loss here heavy in comparison to that of the enemy. I lost my Sergt. Major badly wounded leg amputated. The fifth one I have had since I have been with this Battl. I again have great cause to thank God that I am again spared. Pray for me still. I suppose we will move on towards Martinsburg again \u0026amp; may cross the river \"if we can\". \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI would like to send you some money to \"splurge on\" if I have an opportunity. If you can get it then do so \u0026amp; when I come I will give or send it to you by the first opportunity. I don't want you to sit down in Mt. Solon \u0026amp; nurse your hands. I want you fly around \u0026amp; enjoy yourself with your associates. While they are taking pleasure excursions, I don't want you to remain behind. For funds as long as I have any I have plenty for you to enjoy yourself with. I want you to see something of the world. Be very choise[sic] of your associates, both ladies and gents‐ especially the latter‐ avoid forward nor too intimate on short acquaintance, rather be hard to cultivate‐ don't show your likes or dislikes too much, cover them as much as possible‐ altogether if you [can]. I have not time to answer your last letter. I wrote Mr. Paul to get me a n‐‐‐‐‐. I hope he will. I am greatly in need of one. I have no further news to write you now. Go to see Maj. Yancey if you can and enjoy yourself. Visit all you can so it ain't too much. I don't know the name of the girl that wrote the letters more than \"Recca\" or \"Pet\". The feller's name is Cassius L. Mather 23rd O.R. I don't think he was killed. Give my best love to all, write me very often. Write long letters. The reason I want the small pistol sent to Uncle J. is that he asked me to leave one of them with him. He has the large one now \u0026amp; will keep it until I can get a belt. Good bye my dear sister. May God Bless you. Pray for me.\u003cbr\u003e\nYour devoted Bro.\u003cbr\u003e \nJames\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp 6 miles below W.Chester [Winchester]\u003cbr\u003e\nSept. 14th, 1864\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Sister,\u003cbr\u003e\nI have been looking for more than a week for a letter from both you \u0026amp; Mr. Paul but have not re'ced either. What has he done about getting me a boy. I am here with no one to do anything for me- living worse than a negro. The man that I had to cook a little for me was discharged today \u0026amp; I am in a sweet fix. Ask Uncle Paul to get me anyone he can for any price for a short time. I must have some body or I'll leave here. I am not well- haven't been for more than a week, suffering dreadfully with rheumatism \u0026amp; headache. Ask Uncle Paul for God sake to get me someone and start him right off. I am dirty filthy lousy \u0026amp; sick. Got no clothes, no nothing.\u003cbr\u003e\nWrite me at once.\u003cbr\u003e\nYour affect. Bro\u003cbr\u003e\nJames\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOfficer's Prison Fort Delaware\u003cbr\u003e\nSept. 30th, 1864\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Darling Sister,\u003cbr\u003e\nI can imagine what your anxiety for me has been and hasten to avail myself of the only opportunity (and I fear an uncertain one). I have to inform you of my whereabouts and safety. I hope though that you have gotten one at least of the four or five letters I wrote and left in Va. to be sent to you. I was brought here on 27th inst. in company with the 184 other officers from our army- 125 of which were captured the same time I was and belonging mostly to our Div. Our Brigade being left back to support the Cav. was entirely cut off and surrounded and nothing was left us but to surrender. It might have been worse and I thank God it is not.  Write me about my horse. Tell Mr. Paul that I would like to have the name of some of his friends here (in the North) to whom I can apply for pecuniary assistance. I write to him today. I would like for any of our friends to do me a like favor. I am well. Give my best love to all my friends \u0026amp; relatives. Write me very soon and be sure to give me the name of some one to whom I can look for assistance. I will give more instructions in Mr. P's letter.\u003cbr\u003e\nYour devoted Brother\u003cbr\u003e\nJames\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDirect to:\u003cbr\u003e\nAdjt. J. A. H.\u003cbr\u003e\nPrisoner of War, 23rd Batt. Va. Inftry.\u003cbr\u003e\nDiv. No. 33 Fort Delaware, Del.\u003cbr\u003e\nVia Flag of truce\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOfficers Prison, Fort Delaware\u003cbr\u003e\nNovember 1st, 1864\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy darling Sister:\u003cbr\u003e\nAnother week has gone and still no tidings from you. O Heavens the anxiety of suspense! I cannot estimate what a letter from you would be worth to me now. You certainly have rece'd one or more of the letters I have written you from here and I cannot see why it is I have not rece'd at least one from you if you followed my directions. As I told you in my last I will try to make it convenient to write once a week. You write at least that. Adjt. [Sydenstricker] who left here shortly after we got here for exchange promised to write you all about me from Richmond. Also Col. Edgar \u0026amp; Capt. Marshall who left only a few days ago. Answer all of my questions in my former letters in two or three successive letters so that I may be more likely to see them. Don't forget my horse and the references. I am still enjoying good health and doing as well generally as could be expected under the circumstances. I have found several persons in the month who have befriended me. Write me often. Give my best love to all in Mt. Solon, also to Miss N - at Churchville- also Uncle J. \u0026amp; family. Jim Burn is here as well- so is John Hanna. Good bye. I sent you some stamps in my last. May God Bless you my dear darling sister.\u003cbr\u003e\nEver your devoted Bro\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOfficer's Prison, Fort Delaware\u003cbr\u003e\nNovember 9th 1864\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy precious Sister:\u003cbr\u003e\nI certainly expected to get a reply to some of my former letters by the last flag of truce boat - but was again disappointed. Why is this? Certainly you have written? I have written you some four or five letters from here - three in as many weeks- but not one word have I heard to quiet my anxiety- which is very great. I do not know why it is- others receive letters from the South- why wouldn't I? Write me every few days until I hear from you \u0026amp; as I told you in some of my former letters, if you cannot get U.S. postage stamps enclose to Col. Ould \u0026amp; I can pay it here- but get them if you can. Perhaps Mrs. Mary Lewis (was McFarland) can inform you how to obtain them. Don't fail to send me the names of those to whom I can apply for assistance. I explained all this in my former letters. Tell me about my horse, etc. Have inserted in Rich. [?], requesting New York Daily News to copy, a personal for me, giving me the information I want. Get the address I want from Uncle Jimmy \u0026amp; Uncle Paul or if they cannot give them, they can probably get some one to do it who can. Maj. McCue for instance. They can insert a personal as above to the parties requesting them to supply me. Make use of every expedient to let me hear from you. I am nearly crazy to do as I think Uncle Jimmy \u0026amp; Uncle Paul can certainly give me the information so badly needed. Be sure to write often. I shall be utterly miserable until I hear from you. Give my best love to all in Solon \u0026amp; at Uncle J's \u0026amp; all enquiring friends. Jim [Burns or Beam?] is here \u0026amp; well. Write to Mollie. Jim McFarland also here \u0026amp; well. Have you rece'd my letters from Winchester? May God Bless you ever, my darling sister.\u003cbr\u003e\nYour ever devoted Bro.\u003cbr\u003e\nJames\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWalnut Grove\u003cbr\u003e\nTuesday morning\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy darling Sister:\u003cbr\u003e\nIt was my intention to start to see you today but both Uncle Jimmy \u0026amp; Aunt Mint think it best for me to remain and not undertake the trip too soon. As you may suppose I am very weak \u0026amp; could not so all the way to Mt. Solon in one day if I were to start now. My health is tolerable. Rest assured that I will come just as soon as possible. My anxiety to see you cannot be expressed. Give my best love to all. I arrived here Saturday night. I send this by Mr. Goodman who goes to Staunton after his daughter. Good Bye until we meet up- will I hope be very soon.\u003cbr\u003e\nYour fond \u0026amp; devoted Bro.\u003cbr\u003e\nJames\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription"],"odd_tesim":["V.M. Institute \nJune 6th, 1861","My Dear Sister,  \nI suppose you have heard ere this my whereabouts - I passed through Staunton on yesterday week and would have called to see you but the cars were behind hand that day and the stage left immediately after cars got there and I did not have time to do so. I went to Uncle Jim Burn's and intended coming to see you from there but heard that your school was out and you had gone to Mt. Solon and as I did not have time to come there I left for this place on Monday last where I have been ever since. I entered as a regular cadet. I am well and getting along very well‐ am very lonesome and often long for a letter from you‐ have rec'd no letters from anyone since I have been here. I rec'd a letter from you the day I left the University‐ but have not been able to answer it since‐ and here I have not time to do anything of that kind‐ keep a feller running to roll call, drums, drills and lecture every two minutes almost. When a feller comes here he has to give up his liberty in every respect‐ it is just like you were in jail. Can't leave barracks hardly without permission. I have no news of any importance to write you‐ in fact I haven't heard any news or seen a newspaper since I have been here. I suppose you have rec'd a letter from Uncle Jimmy or Aunt [Min] ere this. They told me they would write and let you know where I was for I did not know when I should have an opportunity to write. There is that infernal drum again. ","Returned. I have but time to say Good Bye and write very soon. Love to all. \nYour Loving Bro‐ \nJames.","Direct to  \nCadet Jas. A. Harden  \nV. M. Institute  \nLexington, Va  \nNever ~Darling~ ","Camp at Fairfax Station \nAug 21st 1861 ","Dear Father, \nI received yours Lou's and Billy's notes day before yesterday. My advice to Billy would be to return to the Institute. All the Military schools in the land will be in operation, and others will doubtless spring up these will serve as a nucleus around which to build up a Southern Army. No education in future will hardly be considered complete that does not embrace a knowledge of tactics. It seems to me impolitic to draw Southern boys into the war, when we have enough able‐bodied men to fight our battles, and especially when there is a probability that these boys will render more effective service to their country at a future day. Billy has been at the Institute one year and laid a foundation for his education and I see no good reason why he should not continue to build upon it. I do not think the fact of a war being in progress should do away with the intellectual training of one generation. Two of the Corps of Professors at the Institute have been ordered to return by the 1st of October, the places of the others will be supplied, at least this is the arrangement at present. I suppose by Fall, the cadets whose martial spirit now inclines them to remain in the army, will return to the Institute. Billy spoke of returning as drill master. Since the battle of Manassas, the men would be indignant to talk to them about a drill‐master  as they call themselves old soldiers.","There is no position in this Regiment, or any other, in which Billy could draw pay, and remain only a month or so. But if it is his desire to join the army for the war, and this meets with your approval, I don't think there is any doubt about his obtaining a situation in this Regiment as 3rd Lieut. of Capt. Brown's Company at a salary of eighty ($80) a month. Capt. Brown's 3rd Lieut. has resigned and the vacancy will be to fill, and I asked the Captain the probability of Billy's election. He consulted with his men, and told me he did not think there would be any doubt about it. The resignation of the Lieut. has just been sent in and whilst it will certainly be accepted, it will not be heard from for three or four weeks. I can postpone the election until the 1st October, if necessary. This is all I can do for Billy at present, you \u0026 he can take it under consideration \u0026 report. But tell Billy if he decides to take the post‐ I want him to understand that Genl. Elzey don't give furloughs \u0026 that I don't want to be troubled by loaning money‐ clothes, or treating to ice cream that if he comes he must come with the determination to \"hoe his own row\"‐ He has been in the army long enough to know what it is \u0026 what will be expected of him. Of course I will cheerfully administer to his wants should he get sick, but Billy understands he remembers my lectures about his sponging and complaining at Winchester.","But enough on this subject for the present. I have been directed to make a requisition for 40 rounds of cartridges in addition to what I have and now have a good deal on hand. I am told 17 loads of boats went to Aquia Creek a few days since. I was at Fairfax C.H. yesterday‐ the whole country around is one grand encampment. We have a good deal of sickness in our camp‐ not less than 150 cases‐ of this number about twenty have the remittent fever. Some of my men I fear will die. A. B. Bridges who married  (Robt. Miller's) widow died in the hospital at Richmond with the fever‐ he was delirious when he reached Gordonsville. We lost another man last week with the fever on his way home near camp \u0026 gave them all the attention we can. I am sorry to hear of Mr. Steven's illness‐ but hope he is well by this time. Let me hear from you soon. \nYour affectionate son. \nJim","My regards to Miss Matilda \u0026 Mr. Stevens family.","Camp at Rich Hill on Big Sewell Mountain \nOct. 3rd/61","My Dear Sister: \nI wrote you some days ago from Meadow Bluff but did not get an opportunity to send it. When I wrote it we were under orders to march the next morning, where I did not know- but now, as I am at our journeys end I can tell you. We are encamped in full view of the enemy. We being on the Eastern or first top of Big Sewell Mountain and they being on the Western or second top- the mountain having two tops about one and a half miles apart with a deep ravine between. We are now in close quarters certain- so much so that we can readily distinguish them drilling with the naked eye. We can see everything quite plain. Since I wrote last a new order of things have come around. Gen. Lee now commands here. Gen. Wise has been superceded by Gen. Floyd and the two commands have been united.","Wise has been ordered to Richmond and has gone. Gen. Loving is here with his forces. If we have a fight Loving will command the right wing- Lee the centre  and Floyd the left wing. Our force has been considerably increased but is not near strong enough. The enemy's reported strength at their position on top of Sewell is twelve thousand (12,000)- but then they have nearly as many more between them and Charleston. So that our little force of two thousand would be no where without they attack us in position. One thing certain I don't think it will ever do for us to attack them with this force. But something must soon be done. We cannot remain in sight of one another long without something being done and what is more our men cannot stand it- being on half rations all the time all they get is three biscuits a day and a piece of tough beef- and soldiers can't live in this country where it rains every other day and cold enough to freeze them on any such food as that. We have had several very heavy frosts here. Last Saturday morning a soldier from a Miss. [Mississippi] Regiment was found dead in a wagon supposed to have frozen to death. It rained all Thursday night and all day Friday night very hard and it was as cold as January and the poor fellow not having any tent along with them (having in obedience to orders left them at Meadow Bluff) froze to death. But his is only one of many deaths that occur here every day. Poor fellows! They take sick and have no one to take care of them and die from neglect. You can hardly pass a house without seeing a dead man and often you find them in barns and stables in the stalls where horses have been and nobody to bury them. I was told the other day by a man who said he saw three dead men lying in a stable and had been there so long they were actually putrifying[sic]- and I shouldn't be surprised if it were so- every house from here to the White Sul. [Sulfur] is a hospital. I should like to see some of those Manassas boys out here awhile- they would see some to grumble at.","There is to be a decisive battle fought here ere long whether we shall winter in Charleston or not and I don't care how soon for I am tired undergoing such hardships and doing nothing. I want to get into better quarters somewhere. I don't care where much- can't get as much as a hand full of hay- have to lie on the cold wet ground (in fact nothing but mud) and get up in the morning with rheumatism and sore throat and if it was not but for Lottie's piano cover I would have had to taken it on the naked ground and I believe I would have been dead long had it not have been for it. But I still have pretty good health- have a bad cold occasionally but I don't mind that much.","How are all at home? I should like very much to see you all. Have you seen Lottie yet- don't you think she is a beauty? I wish I could see her now.","But I must close as it is getting too dark to see how to write. I long for a letter- do write very soon. Give my best love to all at house also Uncle [Jo Burns?] family and tell Mollie to write. Tell Aunt [Minta?] that I wish often for some of her good biscuits and chickens- tell her to be sure to write very soon. Direct to the care of Col. McCausland, 36th Reg. Va. Vols. Floyd's Brigade, Charleston, Va. and if we whip the Yankees I will get it there; if not I will get it wherever I may be. Best love to all- tell Uncle Jimmy to write often. Good Bye. May God Bless you my dear Sister in the prayer of \nYour Loving Bro. \nJames.","Camp near Manassas \nJany 4th 1862","Dear Sister \nYour welcome note of the 30th inst reached me today. The bouquet retained its freshness and fragrance‐ and am much oblige to all parties interested in getting it up. Remember me kindly to them, and tell Miss Matilda that I will try and send her one in return, in the spring, especially as she took so much pains to fix it for a Colonel. Tell her the complaint among the Commissioned Officers here is that the smiles are all bestowed on the men in ranks. Well they justly deserve them. I believe I was acting as Brigadier when I last wrote, Col. Hill has returned and I am done playing \"Big Indian\" but after a week's experience in that capacity I don't think it is as vexatious position as that of little Colonel.","Genl. Elzey came up from Centreville today. He is still complaining with rheumatism.  He does my Regiment the compliment to have his body guard detailed from it. He says the Baltimorians \u0026 Tennesseeans stole from him.  (Geddie Effinger my roommate has just come and give me a scolding about not having a good fire).  But I must tell you that I am in my \"shanty\". We moved in last night. You will see from the enclosed picture that it bears a striking resemblance to the habitations along the line of the rail‐road in Northern Georgia only it is a better building. My kitchen is not quite completed. I eat in my tent this morning with snow on it, this is as near a Valley Forge scene as I have yet experienced. The ground is covered with snow, but it is very slight and the first winter weather we have had yet. My men are nearly all in their huts. And now I must tell you something else in connection with our Winter Quarters. I was at Genl. E. K. Smith's House today (I will tell you why I went there directly) for some time. He told me that Genl. Johnston wanted us to remain at Centreville and it was some time before he could prevail upon him to let us come here, so you see we are among the \"favored few\".  I was at Centreville yesterday. Many Regiments are still in their tents \u0026 will probably be all winter.","Camp Giles Co. Va. \nNov  11th 1863","My Dear Sister‐ \nI have but time to write you that I am safe‐ have had a desperate fight. We fought four to one \u0026 were whipped very badly‐ looking for reinforcements‐ will start back tomorrow. My love to all‐ will write again soon. \nYour loving Bro James ","Camp Near Lewisburg \nDecember 3rd, 1863","My Dear Sister,  \nI rec'd your kind \u0026 affectionate letter some days ago and reply at my earliest opportunity. When we retreated to Giles Co. \u0026 started back to this point I left my desk \u0026 all my writing apparatuses behind \u0026 they did not get up until a week ago when I started on a flag of truce to the enemy \u0026 did not get back until last night. As I have been so long delayed in writing to you I suppose it is unnecessary to give you any detailed account of the late fight as you have I suppose seen several accounts in the papers. It was the hardest \u0026 most disastrous fight we have ever had in this portion of the country.","This Batt. \u0026 the 22nd Regt. bore the brunt of the fight. What our loss is I do not know, certainly very heavy though. It will be some gratification to you to know that I was highly complimented in Genl. Echols official report (for my conduct in the fight) to the War Dept, though it does not become me to speak of it to anyone but yourself \u0026 I desire that you  will not speak of it. I have just returned from a very pleasant \u0026 sociable visit to the Yankees. We were treated very kindly indeed. We remained with them three days \u0026 four nights had \"sure 'nuff\" coffee three times a day \u0026 everything good that any one could desire, egg‐nog \u0026 whiskey included. I send you a Yankee paper of as late a date as I could get. I got a letter from L. last night and found it waiting my return. She is well \u0026 \"all right\", does not give any satisfactory reasons for her long delay‐ but I suppose I will have to give her a slight lecture\u0026 forgive her. She inquired after you‐ says she heard you were going to her neighborhood Christmas‐ hopes you will. If you do, you must go to see her. Her Mother has been very ill this fall‐ still is so.","Everything is very dull here now. I have not been to see any ladies since the fight, expect to do so as soon as I can get some clothes washed. Has Lizzie Van Lear returned from Salem yet? When I got home last night I found an invitation from and Aunt of hers, Mrs. Alex Arbuckle to visit some ladies at her house‐ but I rec'd it too late to go. She is a very nice lady, has been very kind to us. When we retreated from here the Col. \u0026 I left some clothing at her house \u0026 the Yankees heard of it \u0026 went \u0026 searched the house \u0026 destroyed it together with a great deal of her clothing \u0026 of her family. I lost some valuable clothing but saved the most of what I had. I do not know when I will be able to get a leave of absence. I would like you to buy me some yarn and knit me a pair of suspenders if you will. Do not make them more than 1 ½ inches wide. I will come to see you all as soon as I can. Aunt Mint is mistaken about my not writing to them. I have written twice I think without a reply. I will write again tonight. Give my best love to all. My love to Kate Duck \u0026 all friends when you write again. Good bye.  \nYour Loving Bro \nJames ","After you have finished reading the Yankee paper send it to Uncle Jimmie ","Camp near Lewisburg \nJanuary 5th 1864 \n \nMy Dear Sister: \nI rec'd your letter together with the one you wrote for Uncle J. on Christmas day. I am sorry I was not able to spend Christmas with you all‐ have enjoyed myself tolerably well. ","Since I wrote you last we have been run again by the Yankees‐ retreated to Salt Sulphur Springs ahead of Averill  going in the direction of Salem. Into position on Sweet Springs Mt.  to fight him, but he heard of us being there \u0026 took another road‐ have come back near Lewisburg‐ 5 miles on the Union Road‐ are encamped in a miserable place‐ don't think it possible to supply ourselves here very long. I am anxious to see you all‐ don't know when I'll be able to come. May come last of the month‐ don't look for me though‐ don't feel very well today. If you have an opportunity to send my trunk key to Uncle J. do so \u0026 if you don't have one send it in a letter. I will have to go there \u0026 get some clothes before I come to Salem. Love to all. Excuse me‐ have the Blues \nYours devotionally \nJames","Staunton Va. \nMay 19th 1864","My Dear Sister, \nWe are here waiting to get on the cars. Will leave here this evening for [left blank by Hardin]. Gen. Lee's army I think. We are nearly worn out entirely‐ have been on the march for ten or fifteen days. The news from all quarters is glorious‐ hope it may continue. Give my best to all. I will write again very soon. Good Bye.  \nYour most devoted Brother, \nJames ","Head Qrs. 23rd Va. Batt. \nMay 26, 1864","My Dear Sister: \nI write you to let you know that I am still \"right side up with care\". No fighting today- have had nothing but skirmishing since we have been here. We are just as sure to whip Grant if he attacks us here as the sun will shine tomorrow. We have plenty of men \u0026 they are in fine spirits. Do not be uneasy about me if you do not hear from me often. I have no means very seldom of writing. If I am hurt you will hear of it very soon. \nYours devotedly, \nJames \nMy best love to all","Camp near the Chickahominy \nOld Battlefield of Gaines Mill \nJune 4th, 1864","My Dear Sister \nWe had a heavy fight yesterday \u0026 repulsed the enemy at all points with heavy loss- our loss comparatively small. The enemy overpowered the left of our Brigade \u0026 had possession of their works for a short time but were soon driven from them with great slaughter. I have lost several friends- one very dear. One Capt. J. K. Thompson 22nd Regt. it is feared mortally wounded. A more gallant boy and a better friend never lived. I loved him as a brother. I want to see him but am very sick. We were relived in the trenches last night after 10 days very hard service. I am still not with my command but if I get any worse I shall be compelled to go to the rear. Tell Sam Barber that Lt. Donaldson is captured. Lt. Arnold killed and a good many of the Ka. Riflemen wounded captured. Adjt. Craig killed. Col. Edgar bayonet wound in shoulder- slight. We are in good spirits \u0026 determined to whip Grant. Have no fears. Write to Uncle J. I am safe. Pray for men- all the Adjt. in the Brigade are either killed or wounded except me. My time may come next. Best love to all. Good Bye. \nYour loving Bro. \nJames","Near Strasburg Va \nJuly 22nd 1864","My Dear Sister:  \nI wrote you a few days ago by private hands from near Snickers Ferry but will write you again now. We got here this morning from Middletown and have been in line of battle all day awaiting the approach of the enemy who have been pursuing us ever since we left the Potomac‐ but they ceased today. I thought this morning that we would have a battle today. They were following us all day yesterday \u0026 drove  in our pickets last night about 10 o'Clock and but from some cause they have stopped. They are reported to be in very heavy force \u0026 moving up in several different columns. They have been rather getting the better of us since we left the Potomac. They have captured a few portion of our wagon train several times and day before yesterday routed Ramseur's Division by bad management on his part. He lost between 4 and 600 men‐ Jim [Ba‐‐‐] was slightly wounded in the shoulder by a spent ball. He was to see me yesterday‐ said he was going back to duty yesterday evening. Gen. Lilley (Bob) was wounded \u0026 captured. This took place two miles below Winchester. Our Division was not on that road. I am much in hopes we will go on back up the Valley and take some rest and get something to eat for I am worn out and half starved for something that is fit to eat. I feel no interest in anything except just so far as I am personally concerned. I am dispirited. I have changed shirts but once since I left Staunton \u0026 some garments I haven't changed at all. I have but one change along but and they are dirty \u0026 I can neither get the chance nor time to get them washed. With all these afflictions I cannot say that I feel well‐ but still I am not sick for I am much better off than a great many others. ","We have a report here that Grant is dead‐ hope it may be so‐ but I fear it isn't. I am very anxious to see some papers \u0026 the news. ","Did you get my letter to you from Harrisonburg? I wrote to you from there and asked an old Gentleman standing on the street to mail it for me which he promised to do. This is a gloomy evening‐ just suits my feelings. Write me at once a long letter about everything. Give me the news. Tell me about everything and everybody. I hope we will soon get back up the Valley when I will try \u0026 come see you. We may more any way though. There is no telling. Give my very best to all. Tell Effie that I understand \"Uncle Davy Jamison\" is along with this army \u0026 I am on the look out for him. Write me very soon. May  God ever Bless you and the kind friends of Mt. Solon will ever be the prayer of \nYour devoted Brother, \nJames‐","Direct to 23 Va. Battalion, Echols' Brigade, Breckinridge's Div., Army of the Valley  \n(I have no stamps\u0026 it is impossible to get any here) ","[letter continues on the top of Page 1] \nIf we fight the enemy here or anywhere be assured they will get licked. We had a fight with them at Snickers Ferry on the 18th \u0026 whipped them badly. Our loss as heavy as theirs‐ Rode's Div. done the principal fighting.  ","Near Martinsburg Va.  \nJuly 27, 1864","My Dear Sister, \nGod has again made us victorious. The day after the fight I wrote you from Strasburg we moved down and attacked the enemy about 7 miles above Winchester and completely routed him. We from them with infantry and Artillery some two or three miles this side of Winchester when night came on \u0026 we (the Infantry) halted \u0026 the Cavalry pursued them much farther. The next day we remained in camp (waiting for rations) until about 4 o'clock, when we moved down \u0026 camped near Bunkers Hill \u0026 yesterday moved to this place. The enemy largely outnumbered us but we whipped them with the greatest greatest ease routing him. They burned a large number of their wagons‐ say 75‐ \u0026 blew up some caissons threw away a large number of arms, knapsacks \u0026 haversacks \u0026 everything that would impede this progress. Gen. Mulligan was mortally wounded \u0026 fell into our hands. Our loss was very slight‐ also that of the enemy. They came here \u0026 retreated towards Williamsport.","I am beginning to think that there certainly must be some Providential interference in regard to myself or perhaps it may be the prayers of my friends. I feel that there is certainly something‐ I cannot (lead?) a charmed life? I have felt this more strongly the other day than ever before. Perhaps it was because I realized my situation more fully than before.","Where we will go from here I cannot tell. There are several conjectures‐ among them are 1st that we will go on a trip to the North West by the way of Cumberland, Md. to Wheeling. 2nd that we will make the trip without crossing the river. 3rd that we will go back up the valley. I am in favor of some place where rest can be found‐ but if we can do anything by taking the trip to N.W. Va. I am in as long as I am able to put one foot before the other. I feel bully today. I am full up to the guzzle for once. We have had hard times in the eating line in the last ten days. I have drank so much coffee today that I am so nervous I can scarcely write. Being full of coffee \u0026 bread \u0026 meat I now long for some good smoking tobacco which is as scarce as hens teeth down here and scarcer too. I have some Yankee letters for your perusal. If we do will send them to you if I have an opportunity. Will send you a sample in this. She is a good writer but I think is flirting with him. I also send a picture which I think is hers‐ am not sure for there were several pictures captured together‐ but she speaks in one of the letters of a recent date of sending a picture to him \u0026 as this was the newest looking one of the lot, I take it for hers. Isn't she loving‐?  Derrick got a letter in which I got a message from Mrs. Lewis that Jimmy Sprout, Ginny's oldest boy died a week ago. All this you have heard. I am anxious for a letter from you. Write often twice a week. I may get them. Give my best love to all. Pray for me and be a good Christian May that God will ever bless you and the dear friends in Solon is the heartfelt devoted desire of my heart.  \nEver my precious sister  \nYour devoted Bro, \nJames ","[end of letter continues on tops of other pages] \nI want a Junebug or Dulcinea. The wounded of the last has healed. The bullet is still there. My heart is lonely. I have \"no one to love me‐ none to caress\". Col. [Barton?] speaks of going to Mt. Solon shortly. If he does will write by him. Remember me very kindly to \"Bro. Sam\". ","[On back of envelope]  \nI have no stamps. Saw Mr. Brown \u0026 Geo. G. the day before yesterday. They were well. M. is with his Co. ","Near Winchester, Va. \nAug 18th 1864","My Dear Sister; \nAgain we are on the move forward down the Valley. We marched from Strasburg here yesterday \u0026 attacked the enemy here \u0026 drove him beyond the town. They fell back from our front at Strasburg night before last‐ caused by a flank movement of Gen. Anderson with two Divs. of Longstreet's Corps \u0026 Fitz‐Lee's Cav. Div. We fought here only a Brig. of Infantry \u0026 a large force of Cav. , their main force having gone towards Berryville. They certainly have a very large force‐ say 35 or 40 thousand.  Our loss here heavy in comparison to that of the enemy. I lost my Sergt. Major badly wounded leg amputated. The fifth one I have had since I have been with this Battl. I again have great cause to thank God that I am again spared. Pray for me still. I suppose we will move on towards Martinsburg again \u0026 may cross the river \"if we can\". ","I would like to send you some money to \"splurge on\" if I have an opportunity. If you can get it then do so \u0026 when I come I will give or send it to you by the first opportunity. I don't want you to sit down in Mt. Solon \u0026 nurse your hands. I want you fly around \u0026 enjoy yourself with your associates. While they are taking pleasure excursions, I don't want you to remain behind. For funds as long as I have any I have plenty for you to enjoy yourself with. I want you to see something of the world. Be very choise[sic] of your associates, both ladies and gents‐ especially the latter‐ avoid forward nor too intimate on short acquaintance, rather be hard to cultivate‐ don't show your likes or dislikes too much, cover them as much as possible‐ altogether if you [can]. I have not time to answer your last letter. I wrote Mr. Paul to get me a n‐‐‐‐‐. I hope he will. I am greatly in need of one. I have no further news to write you now. Go to see Maj. Yancey if you can and enjoy yourself. Visit all you can so it ain't too much. I don't know the name of the girl that wrote the letters more than \"Recca\" or \"Pet\". The feller's name is Cassius L. Mather 23rd O.R. I don't think he was killed. Give my best love to all, write me very often. Write long letters. The reason I want the small pistol sent to Uncle J. is that he asked me to leave one of them with him. He has the large one now \u0026 will keep it until I can get a belt. Good bye my dear sister. May God Bless you. Pray for me. \nYour devoted Bro.  \nJames","Camp 6 miles below W.Chester [Winchester] \nSept. 14th, 1864","My Dear Sister, \nI have been looking for more than a week for a letter from both you \u0026 Mr. Paul but have not re'ced either. What has he done about getting me a boy. I am here with no one to do anything for me- living worse than a negro. The man that I had to cook a little for me was discharged today \u0026 I am in a sweet fix. Ask Uncle Paul to get me anyone he can for any price for a short time. I must have some body or I'll leave here. I am not well- haven't been for more than a week, suffering dreadfully with rheumatism \u0026 headache. Ask Uncle Paul for God sake to get me someone and start him right off. I am dirty filthy lousy \u0026 sick. Got no clothes, no nothing. \nWrite me at once. \nYour affect. Bro \nJames","Officer's Prison Fort Delaware \nSept. 30th, 1864","My Darling Sister, \nI can imagine what your anxiety for me has been and hasten to avail myself of the only opportunity (and I fear an uncertain one). I have to inform you of my whereabouts and safety. I hope though that you have gotten one at least of the four or five letters I wrote and left in Va. to be sent to you. I was brought here on 27th inst. in company with the 184 other officers from our army- 125 of which were captured the same time I was and belonging mostly to our Div. Our Brigade being left back to support the Cav. was entirely cut off and surrounded and nothing was left us but to surrender. It might have been worse and I thank God it is not.  Write me about my horse. Tell Mr. Paul that I would like to have the name of some of his friends here (in the North) to whom I can apply for pecuniary assistance. I write to him today. I would like for any of our friends to do me a like favor. I am well. Give my best love to all my friends \u0026 relatives. Write me very soon and be sure to give me the name of some one to whom I can look for assistance. I will give more instructions in Mr. P's letter. \nYour devoted Brother \nJames","Direct to: \nAdjt. J. A. H. \nPrisoner of War, 23rd Batt. Va. Inftry. \nDiv. No. 33 Fort Delaware, Del. \nVia Flag of truce","Officers Prison, Fort Delaware \nNovember 1st, 1864","My darling Sister: \nAnother week has gone and still no tidings from you. O Heavens the anxiety of suspense! I cannot estimate what a letter from you would be worth to me now. You certainly have rece'd one or more of the letters I have written you from here and I cannot see why it is I have not rece'd at least one from you if you followed my directions. As I told you in my last I will try to make it convenient to write once a week. You write at least that. Adjt. [Sydenstricker] who left here shortly after we got here for exchange promised to write you all about me from Richmond. Also Col. Edgar \u0026 Capt. Marshall who left only a few days ago. Answer all of my questions in my former letters in two or three successive letters so that I may be more likely to see them. Don't forget my horse and the references. I am still enjoying good health and doing as well generally as could be expected under the circumstances. I have found several persons in the month who have befriended me. Write me often. Give my best love to all in Mt. Solon, also to Miss N - at Churchville- also Uncle J. \u0026 family. Jim Burn is here as well- so is John Hanna. Good bye. I sent you some stamps in my last. May God Bless you my dear darling sister. \nEver your devoted Bro","Officer's Prison, Fort Delaware \nNovember 9th 1864","My precious Sister: \nI certainly expected to get a reply to some of my former letters by the last flag of truce boat - but was again disappointed. Why is this? Certainly you have written? I have written you some four or five letters from here - three in as many weeks- but not one word have I heard to quiet my anxiety- which is very great. I do not know why it is- others receive letters from the South- why wouldn't I? Write me every few days until I hear from you \u0026 as I told you in some of my former letters, if you cannot get U.S. postage stamps enclose to Col. Ould \u0026 I can pay it here- but get them if you can. Perhaps Mrs. Mary Lewis (was McFarland) can inform you how to obtain them. Don't fail to send me the names of those to whom I can apply for assistance. I explained all this in my former letters. Tell me about my horse, etc. Have inserted in Rich. [?], requesting New York Daily News to copy, a personal for me, giving me the information I want. Get the address I want from Uncle Jimmy \u0026 Uncle Paul or if they cannot give them, they can probably get some one to do it who can. Maj. McCue for instance. They can insert a personal as above to the parties requesting them to supply me. Make use of every expedient to let me hear from you. I am nearly crazy to do as I think Uncle Jimmy \u0026 Uncle Paul can certainly give me the information so badly needed. Be sure to write often. I shall be utterly miserable until I hear from you. Give my best love to all in Solon \u0026 at Uncle J's \u0026 all enquiring friends. Jim [Burns or Beam?] is here \u0026 well. Write to Mollie. Jim McFarland also here \u0026 well. Have you rece'd my letters from Winchester? May God Bless you ever, my darling sister. \nYour ever devoted Bro. \nJames","Walnut Grove \nTuesday morning","My darling Sister: \nIt was my intention to start to see you today but both Uncle Jimmy \u0026 Aunt Mint think it best for me to remain and not undertake the trip too soon. As you may suppose I am very weak \u0026 could not so all the way to Mt. Solon in one day if I were to start now. My health is tolerable. Rest assured that I will come just as soon as possible. My anxiety to see you cannot be expressed. Give my best love to all. I arrived here Saturday night. I send this by Mr. Goodman who goes to Staunton after his daughter. Good Bye until we meet up- will I hope be very soon. \nYour fond \u0026 devoted Bro. \nJames"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames A. Harden papers, 1860-1866. MS-0476. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["James A. Harden papers, 1860-1866. MS-0476. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the collection consists of letters written by James A. Harden to his sister, covering wartime events experienced by his unit as well as his time at Ft. Delaware, Delaware. The collection also includes one letter (dated June 6, 1861) written while Harden was at VMI and other items.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards arrival at VMI and daily life as a cadet.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Camp at Fairfax Station, Virginia. Letter discusses the importance of military schools that \"will serve as a nucleus around which to build up a Southern Army.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Camp at Rich Hill on Big Sewell Mountain,\" Virginia. Letter regards daily life in the 36th Virginia Infantry Regiment, including troop movements and enemy locations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Camp near Manassas,\" Virginia. Letter regards daily life in camp.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from camp in Giles County, Virginia. Note explains that they have \"had a desperate fight. We fought four to one \u0026amp; were whipped very badly-looking for reinforcements.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from camp near Lewisburg, West Virginia. Letter regards heavy losses in battle, a \"visit to the Yankees,\" and family news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Camp near Lewisburg.\" Letter regards troop movements to avoid the enemy, James A. Harden's health, and a potential visit at the end of the month.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Staunton, Virginia. Letter regards troop movement to meet General Robert E. Lee's army.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from headquarters, 23rd Virginia Battalion. Letter mentions that James A. Harden is \"right side up with care\" and that they \"have plenty of men \u0026amp; they are in fine spirits.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Camp near the Chickahominy, Old Battlefield of Gaines Mill,\" Virginia.  Letter describes the Battle of Cold Harbor, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from near Strasburg, Virginia. Letter regards a fight at Snickers Ferry, Virginia on July 18, 1864 and a decline in mood.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"near\" Martinsburg, Virginia. Letter regards current troop movements, engagement with the enemy, and personal matters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"near\" Winchester, Virginia. Letter regards recent engagement with the enemy, desire to send money home, and personal matters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from camp \"6 miles below Winchester,\" Virginia. Letter regards loss of a cook and James A. Harden's poor health.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Officer's Prison Fort Delaware,\" Delaware. Letter regards capture and transfer to Fort Delaware.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Officer's Prison Fort Delaware,\" Delaware. Letter regards life in prison and health.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Officer's Prison Fort Delaware,\" Delaware. Letter regards disappointment in not receiving letters from family and family matters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Walnut Grove. Letter regards release from Fort Delaware, Delaware and the hope to travel home soon.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter confirms that James A. Harden is a prisoner at Fort Delaware, Deleware.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The bulk of the collection consists of letters written by James A. Harden to his sister, covering wartime events experienced by his unit as well as his time at Ft. Delaware, Delaware. The collection also includes one letter (dated June 6, 1861) written while Harden was at VMI and other items.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards arrival at VMI and daily life as a cadet.","Written from Camp at Fairfax Station, Virginia. Letter discusses the importance of military schools that \"will serve as a nucleus around which to build up a Southern Army.\"","Written from \"Camp at Rich Hill on Big Sewell Mountain,\" Virginia. Letter regards daily life in the 36th Virginia Infantry Regiment, including troop movements and enemy locations.","Written from \"Camp near Manassas,\" Virginia. Letter regards daily life in camp.","Written from camp in Giles County, Virginia. Note explains that they have \"had a desperate fight. We fought four to one \u0026 were whipped very badly-looking for reinforcements.\"","Written from camp near Lewisburg, West Virginia. Letter regards heavy losses in battle, a \"visit to the Yankees,\" and family news.","Written from \"Camp near Lewisburg.\" Letter regards troop movements to avoid the enemy, James A. Harden's health, and a potential visit at the end of the month.","Written from Staunton, Virginia. Letter regards troop movement to meet General Robert E. Lee's army.","Written from headquarters, 23rd Virginia Battalion. Letter mentions that James A. Harden is \"right side up with care\" and that they \"have plenty of men \u0026 they are in fine spirits.\"","Written from \"Camp near the Chickahominy, Old Battlefield of Gaines Mill,\" Virginia.  Letter describes the Battle of Cold Harbor, Virginia.","Written from near Strasburg, Virginia. Letter regards a fight at Snickers Ferry, Virginia on July 18, 1864 and a decline in mood.","Written from \"near\" Martinsburg, Virginia. Letter regards current troop movements, engagement with the enemy, and personal matters.","Written from \"near\" Winchester, Virginia. Letter regards recent engagement with the enemy, desire to send money home, and personal matters.","Written from camp \"6 miles below Winchester,\" Virginia. Letter regards loss of a cook and James A. Harden's poor health.","Written from \"Officer's Prison Fort Delaware,\" Delaware. Letter regards capture and transfer to Fort Delaware.","Written from \"Officer's Prison Fort Delaware,\" Delaware. Letter regards life in prison and health.","Written from \"Officer's Prison Fort Delaware,\" Delaware. Letter regards disappointment in not receiving letters from family and family matters.","Written from Walnut Grove. Letter regards release from Fort Delaware, Delaware and the hope to travel home soon.","Letter confirms that James A. Harden is a prisoner at Fort Delaware, Deleware."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_81f984174fa2507dfcea3bda3e994bec\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Harden, James A. (James Abel), 1841-1927","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Harden, James A. (James Abel), 1841-1927","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":25,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:09:40.745Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_556","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_556","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_556","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_556","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_556.xml","title_ssm":["James A. Harden papers"],"title_tesim":["James A. Harden papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1860-1866"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1860-1866"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0476","/repositories/3/resources/556"],"text":["MS.0476","/repositories/3/resources/556","James A. Harden papers","Fort Delaware (Del.)","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Battalion, 23rd","Soldiers—Virginia—Correspondence","Virginia—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","Virginia—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia Military Institute—Alumni—Biography","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1860-1869","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1864","Virginia Military Institute—Civil War, 1861-1865","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Prisoners and prisons","Prisoners of war","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 36th","There are no restrictions","James A. Harden's outgoing correspondence is available online.","James Abel Harden was born on December 8, 1841 in Greenville, Augusta County, Virginia to Daniel Madison Harden (1813-1887) of Kentucky and Eliza Ann Gibbons (1815-1848) of Virginia. He came to VMI on June 4, 1861 to receive military training. After a few weeks Harden enlisted in the 36th Virginia Regiment and was appointed sergeant major on Aug 10, 1861. He is shown as Acting Assistant Adjutant General in the 2nd Brigade Army of the Kanawha in November 1861. He resigned and and was discharged on March 25, 1862 and became Acting Adjutant for the 23rd Virginia Battalion sometime in the summer of 1862. Harden was appointed 1st lieutenant and Adjutant of the 23rd Battalion on November 20, 1862. He was praised for \"distinguished gallantry\" at Droop Mountain in November, 1863. He was captured at the Third Battle of Winchester and held at Ft. Delaware, Delaware where he was released on oath June 12, 1865.","In 1880 Harden married Winnie Ella Berkey (1859-1921) of Buckingham County, Virginia and the couple had eight children: Susan Mary Harden, Annie Tupper Harden, David Humphreys Harden, James Edwin Harden, Mildred Lee Harden, Robert Edward Harden, Benhamin Bee Harden, and Dixie Mae Harden.","\nHarden died on September 7, 1942 in Dillwyn, Virginia.","V.M. Institute \nJune 6th, 1861","My Dear Sister,  \nI suppose you have heard ere this my whereabouts - I passed through Staunton on yesterday week and would have called to see you but the cars were behind hand that day and the stage left immediately after cars got there and I did not have time to do so. I went to Uncle Jim Burn's and intended coming to see you from there but heard that your school was out and you had gone to Mt. Solon and as I did not have time to come there I left for this place on Monday last where I have been ever since. I entered as a regular cadet. I am well and getting along very well‐ am very lonesome and often long for a letter from you‐ have rec'd no letters from anyone since I have been here. I rec'd a letter from you the day I left the University‐ but have not been able to answer it since‐ and here I have not time to do anything of that kind‐ keep a feller running to roll call, drums, drills and lecture every two minutes almost. When a feller comes here he has to give up his liberty in every respect‐ it is just like you were in jail. Can't leave barracks hardly without permission. I have no news of any importance to write you‐ in fact I haven't heard any news or seen a newspaper since I have been here. I suppose you have rec'd a letter from Uncle Jimmy or Aunt [Min] ere this. They told me they would write and let you know where I was for I did not know when I should have an opportunity to write. There is that infernal drum again. ","Returned. I have but time to say Good Bye and write very soon. Love to all. \nYour Loving Bro‐ \nJames.","Direct to  \nCadet Jas. A. Harden  \nV. M. Institute  \nLexington, Va  \nNever ~Darling~ ","Camp at Fairfax Station \nAug 21st 1861 ","Dear Father, \nI received yours Lou's and Billy's notes day before yesterday. My advice to Billy would be to return to the Institute. All the Military schools in the land will be in operation, and others will doubtless spring up these will serve as a nucleus around which to build up a Southern Army. No education in future will hardly be considered complete that does not embrace a knowledge of tactics. It seems to me impolitic to draw Southern boys into the war, when we have enough able‐bodied men to fight our battles, and especially when there is a probability that these boys will render more effective service to their country at a future day. Billy has been at the Institute one year and laid a foundation for his education and I see no good reason why he should not continue to build upon it. I do not think the fact of a war being in progress should do away with the intellectual training of one generation. Two of the Corps of Professors at the Institute have been ordered to return by the 1st of October, the places of the others will be supplied, at least this is the arrangement at present. I suppose by Fall, the cadets whose martial spirit now inclines them to remain in the army, will return to the Institute. Billy spoke of returning as drill master. Since the battle of Manassas, the men would be indignant to talk to them about a drill‐master  as they call themselves old soldiers.","There is no position in this Regiment, or any other, in which Billy could draw pay, and remain only a month or so. But if it is his desire to join the army for the war, and this meets with your approval, I don't think there is any doubt about his obtaining a situation in this Regiment as 3rd Lieut. of Capt. Brown's Company at a salary of eighty ($80) a month. Capt. Brown's 3rd Lieut. has resigned and the vacancy will be to fill, and I asked the Captain the probability of Billy's election. He consulted with his men, and told me he did not think there would be any doubt about it. The resignation of the Lieut. has just been sent in and whilst it will certainly be accepted, it will not be heard from for three or four weeks. I can postpone the election until the 1st October, if necessary. This is all I can do for Billy at present, you \u0026 he can take it under consideration \u0026 report. But tell Billy if he decides to take the post‐ I want him to understand that Genl. Elzey don't give furloughs \u0026 that I don't want to be troubled by loaning money‐ clothes, or treating to ice cream that if he comes he must come with the determination to \"hoe his own row\"‐ He has been in the army long enough to know what it is \u0026 what will be expected of him. Of course I will cheerfully administer to his wants should he get sick, but Billy understands he remembers my lectures about his sponging and complaining at Winchester.","But enough on this subject for the present. I have been directed to make a requisition for 40 rounds of cartridges in addition to what I have and now have a good deal on hand. I am told 17 loads of boats went to Aquia Creek a few days since. I was at Fairfax C.H. yesterday‐ the whole country around is one grand encampment. We have a good deal of sickness in our camp‐ not less than 150 cases‐ of this number about twenty have the remittent fever. Some of my men I fear will die. A. B. Bridges who married  (Robt. Miller's) widow died in the hospital at Richmond with the fever‐ he was delirious when he reached Gordonsville. We lost another man last week with the fever on his way home near camp \u0026 gave them all the attention we can. I am sorry to hear of Mr. Steven's illness‐ but hope he is well by this time. Let me hear from you soon. \nYour affectionate son. \nJim","My regards to Miss Matilda \u0026 Mr. Stevens family.","Camp at Rich Hill on Big Sewell Mountain \nOct. 3rd/61","My Dear Sister: \nI wrote you some days ago from Meadow Bluff but did not get an opportunity to send it. When I wrote it we were under orders to march the next morning, where I did not know- but now, as I am at our journeys end I can tell you. We are encamped in full view of the enemy. We being on the Eastern or first top of Big Sewell Mountain and they being on the Western or second top- the mountain having two tops about one and a half miles apart with a deep ravine between. We are now in close quarters certain- so much so that we can readily distinguish them drilling with the naked eye. We can see everything quite plain. Since I wrote last a new order of things have come around. Gen. Lee now commands here. Gen. Wise has been superceded by Gen. Floyd and the two commands have been united.","Wise has been ordered to Richmond and has gone. Gen. Loving is here with his forces. If we have a fight Loving will command the right wing- Lee the centre  and Floyd the left wing. Our force has been considerably increased but is not near strong enough. The enemy's reported strength at their position on top of Sewell is twelve thousand (12,000)- but then they have nearly as many more between them and Charleston. So that our little force of two thousand would be no where without they attack us in position. One thing certain I don't think it will ever do for us to attack them with this force. But something must soon be done. We cannot remain in sight of one another long without something being done and what is more our men cannot stand it- being on half rations all the time all they get is three biscuits a day and a piece of tough beef- and soldiers can't live in this country where it rains every other day and cold enough to freeze them on any such food as that. We have had several very heavy frosts here. Last Saturday morning a soldier from a Miss. [Mississippi] Regiment was found dead in a wagon supposed to have frozen to death. It rained all Thursday night and all day Friday night very hard and it was as cold as January and the poor fellow not having any tent along with them (having in obedience to orders left them at Meadow Bluff) froze to death. But his is only one of many deaths that occur here every day. Poor fellows! They take sick and have no one to take care of them and die from neglect. You can hardly pass a house without seeing a dead man and often you find them in barns and stables in the stalls where horses have been and nobody to bury them. I was told the other day by a man who said he saw three dead men lying in a stable and had been there so long they were actually putrifying[sic]- and I shouldn't be surprised if it were so- every house from here to the White Sul. [Sulfur] is a hospital. I should like to see some of those Manassas boys out here awhile- they would see some to grumble at.","There is to be a decisive battle fought here ere long whether we shall winter in Charleston or not and I don't care how soon for I am tired undergoing such hardships and doing nothing. I want to get into better quarters somewhere. I don't care where much- can't get as much as a hand full of hay- have to lie on the cold wet ground (in fact nothing but mud) and get up in the morning with rheumatism and sore throat and if it was not but for Lottie's piano cover I would have had to taken it on the naked ground and I believe I would have been dead long had it not have been for it. But I still have pretty good health- have a bad cold occasionally but I don't mind that much.","How are all at home? I should like very much to see you all. Have you seen Lottie yet- don't you think she is a beauty? I wish I could see her now.","But I must close as it is getting too dark to see how to write. I long for a letter- do write very soon. Give my best love to all at house also Uncle [Jo Burns?] family and tell Mollie to write. Tell Aunt [Minta?] that I wish often for some of her good biscuits and chickens- tell her to be sure to write very soon. Direct to the care of Col. McCausland, 36th Reg. Va. Vols. Floyd's Brigade, Charleston, Va. and if we whip the Yankees I will get it there; if not I will get it wherever I may be. Best love to all- tell Uncle Jimmy to write often. Good Bye. May God Bless you my dear Sister in the prayer of \nYour Loving Bro. \nJames.","Camp near Manassas \nJany 4th 1862","Dear Sister \nYour welcome note of the 30th inst reached me today. The bouquet retained its freshness and fragrance‐ and am much oblige to all parties interested in getting it up. Remember me kindly to them, and tell Miss Matilda that I will try and send her one in return, in the spring, especially as she took so much pains to fix it for a Colonel. Tell her the complaint among the Commissioned Officers here is that the smiles are all bestowed on the men in ranks. Well they justly deserve them. I believe I was acting as Brigadier when I last wrote, Col. Hill has returned and I am done playing \"Big Indian\" but after a week's experience in that capacity I don't think it is as vexatious position as that of little Colonel.","Genl. Elzey came up from Centreville today. He is still complaining with rheumatism.  He does my Regiment the compliment to have his body guard detailed from it. He says the Baltimorians \u0026 Tennesseeans stole from him.  (Geddie Effinger my roommate has just come and give me a scolding about not having a good fire).  But I must tell you that I am in my \"shanty\". We moved in last night. You will see from the enclosed picture that it bears a striking resemblance to the habitations along the line of the rail‐road in Northern Georgia only it is a better building. My kitchen is not quite completed. I eat in my tent this morning with snow on it, this is as near a Valley Forge scene as I have yet experienced. The ground is covered with snow, but it is very slight and the first winter weather we have had yet. My men are nearly all in their huts. And now I must tell you something else in connection with our Winter Quarters. I was at Genl. E. K. Smith's House today (I will tell you why I went there directly) for some time. He told me that Genl. Johnston wanted us to remain at Centreville and it was some time before he could prevail upon him to let us come here, so you see we are among the \"favored few\".  I was at Centreville yesterday. Many Regiments are still in their tents \u0026 will probably be all winter.","Camp Giles Co. Va. \nNov  11th 1863","My Dear Sister‐ \nI have but time to write you that I am safe‐ have had a desperate fight. We fought four to one \u0026 were whipped very badly‐ looking for reinforcements‐ will start back tomorrow. My love to all‐ will write again soon. \nYour loving Bro James ","Camp Near Lewisburg \nDecember 3rd, 1863","My Dear Sister,  \nI rec'd your kind \u0026 affectionate letter some days ago and reply at my earliest opportunity. When we retreated to Giles Co. \u0026 started back to this point I left my desk \u0026 all my writing apparatuses behind \u0026 they did not get up until a week ago when I started on a flag of truce to the enemy \u0026 did not get back until last night. As I have been so long delayed in writing to you I suppose it is unnecessary to give you any detailed account of the late fight as you have I suppose seen several accounts in the papers. It was the hardest \u0026 most disastrous fight we have ever had in this portion of the country.","This Batt. \u0026 the 22nd Regt. bore the brunt of the fight. What our loss is I do not know, certainly very heavy though. It will be some gratification to you to know that I was highly complimented in Genl. Echols official report (for my conduct in the fight) to the War Dept, though it does not become me to speak of it to anyone but yourself \u0026 I desire that you  will not speak of it. I have just returned from a very pleasant \u0026 sociable visit to the Yankees. We were treated very kindly indeed. We remained with them three days \u0026 four nights had \"sure 'nuff\" coffee three times a day \u0026 everything good that any one could desire, egg‐nog \u0026 whiskey included. I send you a Yankee paper of as late a date as I could get. I got a letter from L. last night and found it waiting my return. She is well \u0026 \"all right\", does not give any satisfactory reasons for her long delay‐ but I suppose I will have to give her a slight lecture\u0026 forgive her. She inquired after you‐ says she heard you were going to her neighborhood Christmas‐ hopes you will. If you do, you must go to see her. Her Mother has been very ill this fall‐ still is so.","Everything is very dull here now. I have not been to see any ladies since the fight, expect to do so as soon as I can get some clothes washed. Has Lizzie Van Lear returned from Salem yet? When I got home last night I found an invitation from and Aunt of hers, Mrs. Alex Arbuckle to visit some ladies at her house‐ but I rec'd it too late to go. She is a very nice lady, has been very kind to us. When we retreated from here the Col. \u0026 I left some clothing at her house \u0026 the Yankees heard of it \u0026 went \u0026 searched the house \u0026 destroyed it together with a great deal of her clothing \u0026 of her family. I lost some valuable clothing but saved the most of what I had. I do not know when I will be able to get a leave of absence. I would like you to buy me some yarn and knit me a pair of suspenders if you will. Do not make them more than 1 ½ inches wide. I will come to see you all as soon as I can. Aunt Mint is mistaken about my not writing to them. I have written twice I think without a reply. I will write again tonight. Give my best love to all. My love to Kate Duck \u0026 all friends when you write again. Good bye.  \nYour Loving Bro \nJames ","After you have finished reading the Yankee paper send it to Uncle Jimmie ","Camp near Lewisburg \nJanuary 5th 1864 \n \nMy Dear Sister: \nI rec'd your letter together with the one you wrote for Uncle J. on Christmas day. I am sorry I was not able to spend Christmas with you all‐ have enjoyed myself tolerably well. ","Since I wrote you last we have been run again by the Yankees‐ retreated to Salt Sulphur Springs ahead of Averill  going in the direction of Salem. Into position on Sweet Springs Mt.  to fight him, but he heard of us being there \u0026 took another road‐ have come back near Lewisburg‐ 5 miles on the Union Road‐ are encamped in a miserable place‐ don't think it possible to supply ourselves here very long. I am anxious to see you all‐ don't know when I'll be able to come. May come last of the month‐ don't look for me though‐ don't feel very well today. If you have an opportunity to send my trunk key to Uncle J. do so \u0026 if you don't have one send it in a letter. I will have to go there \u0026 get some clothes before I come to Salem. Love to all. Excuse me‐ have the Blues \nYours devotionally \nJames","Staunton Va. \nMay 19th 1864","My Dear Sister, \nWe are here waiting to get on the cars. Will leave here this evening for [left blank by Hardin]. Gen. Lee's army I think. We are nearly worn out entirely‐ have been on the march for ten or fifteen days. The news from all quarters is glorious‐ hope it may continue. Give my best to all. I will write again very soon. Good Bye.  \nYour most devoted Brother, \nJames ","Head Qrs. 23rd Va. Batt. \nMay 26, 1864","My Dear Sister: \nI write you to let you know that I am still \"right side up with care\". No fighting today- have had nothing but skirmishing since we have been here. We are just as sure to whip Grant if he attacks us here as the sun will shine tomorrow. We have plenty of men \u0026 they are in fine spirits. Do not be uneasy about me if you do not hear from me often. I have no means very seldom of writing. If I am hurt you will hear of it very soon. \nYours devotedly, \nJames \nMy best love to all","Camp near the Chickahominy \nOld Battlefield of Gaines Mill \nJune 4th, 1864","My Dear Sister \nWe had a heavy fight yesterday \u0026 repulsed the enemy at all points with heavy loss- our loss comparatively small. The enemy overpowered the left of our Brigade \u0026 had possession of their works for a short time but were soon driven from them with great slaughter. I have lost several friends- one very dear. One Capt. J. K. Thompson 22nd Regt. it is feared mortally wounded. A more gallant boy and a better friend never lived. I loved him as a brother. I want to see him but am very sick. We were relived in the trenches last night after 10 days very hard service. I am still not with my command but if I get any worse I shall be compelled to go to the rear. Tell Sam Barber that Lt. Donaldson is captured. Lt. Arnold killed and a good many of the Ka. Riflemen wounded captured. Adjt. Craig killed. Col. Edgar bayonet wound in shoulder- slight. We are in good spirits \u0026 determined to whip Grant. Have no fears. Write to Uncle J. I am safe. Pray for men- all the Adjt. in the Brigade are either killed or wounded except me. My time may come next. Best love to all. Good Bye. \nYour loving Bro. \nJames","Near Strasburg Va \nJuly 22nd 1864","My Dear Sister:  \nI wrote you a few days ago by private hands from near Snickers Ferry but will write you again now. We got here this morning from Middletown and have been in line of battle all day awaiting the approach of the enemy who have been pursuing us ever since we left the Potomac‐ but they ceased today. I thought this morning that we would have a battle today. They were following us all day yesterday \u0026 drove  in our pickets last night about 10 o'Clock and but from some cause they have stopped. They are reported to be in very heavy force \u0026 moving up in several different columns. They have been rather getting the better of us since we left the Potomac. They have captured a few portion of our wagon train several times and day before yesterday routed Ramseur's Division by bad management on his part. He lost between 4 and 600 men‐ Jim [Ba‐‐‐] was slightly wounded in the shoulder by a spent ball. He was to see me yesterday‐ said he was going back to duty yesterday evening. Gen. Lilley (Bob) was wounded \u0026 captured. This took place two miles below Winchester. Our Division was not on that road. I am much in hopes we will go on back up the Valley and take some rest and get something to eat for I am worn out and half starved for something that is fit to eat. I feel no interest in anything except just so far as I am personally concerned. I am dispirited. I have changed shirts but once since I left Staunton \u0026 some garments I haven't changed at all. I have but one change along but and they are dirty \u0026 I can neither get the chance nor time to get them washed. With all these afflictions I cannot say that I feel well‐ but still I am not sick for I am much better off than a great many others. ","We have a report here that Grant is dead‐ hope it may be so‐ but I fear it isn't. I am very anxious to see some papers \u0026 the news. ","Did you get my letter to you from Harrisonburg? I wrote to you from there and asked an old Gentleman standing on the street to mail it for me which he promised to do. This is a gloomy evening‐ just suits my feelings. Write me at once a long letter about everything. Give me the news. Tell me about everything and everybody. I hope we will soon get back up the Valley when I will try \u0026 come see you. We may more any way though. There is no telling. Give my very best to all. Tell Effie that I understand \"Uncle Davy Jamison\" is along with this army \u0026 I am on the look out for him. Write me very soon. May  God ever Bless you and the kind friends of Mt. Solon will ever be the prayer of \nYour devoted Brother, \nJames‐","Direct to 23 Va. Battalion, Echols' Brigade, Breckinridge's Div., Army of the Valley  \n(I have no stamps\u0026 it is impossible to get any here) ","[letter continues on the top of Page 1] \nIf we fight the enemy here or anywhere be assured they will get licked. We had a fight with them at Snickers Ferry on the 18th \u0026 whipped them badly. Our loss as heavy as theirs‐ Rode's Div. done the principal fighting.  ","Near Martinsburg Va.  \nJuly 27, 1864","My Dear Sister, \nGod has again made us victorious. The day after the fight I wrote you from Strasburg we moved down and attacked the enemy about 7 miles above Winchester and completely routed him. We from them with infantry and Artillery some two or three miles this side of Winchester when night came on \u0026 we (the Infantry) halted \u0026 the Cavalry pursued them much farther. The next day we remained in camp (waiting for rations) until about 4 o'clock, when we moved down \u0026 camped near Bunkers Hill \u0026 yesterday moved to this place. The enemy largely outnumbered us but we whipped them with the greatest greatest ease routing him. They burned a large number of their wagons‐ say 75‐ \u0026 blew up some caissons threw away a large number of arms, knapsacks \u0026 haversacks \u0026 everything that would impede this progress. Gen. Mulligan was mortally wounded \u0026 fell into our hands. Our loss was very slight‐ also that of the enemy. They came here \u0026 retreated towards Williamsport.","I am beginning to think that there certainly must be some Providential interference in regard to myself or perhaps it may be the prayers of my friends. I feel that there is certainly something‐ I cannot (lead?) a charmed life? I have felt this more strongly the other day than ever before. Perhaps it was because I realized my situation more fully than before.","Where we will go from here I cannot tell. There are several conjectures‐ among them are 1st that we will go on a trip to the North West by the way of Cumberland, Md. to Wheeling. 2nd that we will make the trip without crossing the river. 3rd that we will go back up the valley. I am in favor of some place where rest can be found‐ but if we can do anything by taking the trip to N.W. Va. I am in as long as I am able to put one foot before the other. I feel bully today. I am full up to the guzzle for once. We have had hard times in the eating line in the last ten days. I have drank so much coffee today that I am so nervous I can scarcely write. Being full of coffee \u0026 bread \u0026 meat I now long for some good smoking tobacco which is as scarce as hens teeth down here and scarcer too. I have some Yankee letters for your perusal. If we do will send them to you if I have an opportunity. Will send you a sample in this. She is a good writer but I think is flirting with him. I also send a picture which I think is hers‐ am not sure for there were several pictures captured together‐ but she speaks in one of the letters of a recent date of sending a picture to him \u0026 as this was the newest looking one of the lot, I take it for hers. Isn't she loving‐?  Derrick got a letter in which I got a message from Mrs. Lewis that Jimmy Sprout, Ginny's oldest boy died a week ago. All this you have heard. I am anxious for a letter from you. Write often twice a week. I may get them. Give my best love to all. Pray for me and be a good Christian May that God will ever bless you and the dear friends in Solon is the heartfelt devoted desire of my heart.  \nEver my precious sister  \nYour devoted Bro, \nJames ","[end of letter continues on tops of other pages] \nI want a Junebug or Dulcinea. The wounded of the last has healed. The bullet is still there. My heart is lonely. I have \"no one to love me‐ none to caress\". Col. [Barton?] speaks of going to Mt. Solon shortly. If he does will write by him. Remember me very kindly to \"Bro. Sam\". ","[On back of envelope]  \nI have no stamps. Saw Mr. Brown \u0026 Geo. G. the day before yesterday. They were well. M. is with his Co. ","Near Winchester, Va. \nAug 18th 1864","My Dear Sister; \nAgain we are on the move forward down the Valley. We marched from Strasburg here yesterday \u0026 attacked the enemy here \u0026 drove him beyond the town. They fell back from our front at Strasburg night before last‐ caused by a flank movement of Gen. Anderson with two Divs. of Longstreet's Corps \u0026 Fitz‐Lee's Cav. Div. We fought here only a Brig. of Infantry \u0026 a large force of Cav. , their main force having gone towards Berryville. They certainly have a very large force‐ say 35 or 40 thousand.  Our loss here heavy in comparison to that of the enemy. I lost my Sergt. Major badly wounded leg amputated. The fifth one I have had since I have been with this Battl. I again have great cause to thank God that I am again spared. Pray for me still. I suppose we will move on towards Martinsburg again \u0026 may cross the river \"if we can\". ","I would like to send you some money to \"splurge on\" if I have an opportunity. If you can get it then do so \u0026 when I come I will give or send it to you by the first opportunity. I don't want you to sit down in Mt. Solon \u0026 nurse your hands. I want you fly around \u0026 enjoy yourself with your associates. While they are taking pleasure excursions, I don't want you to remain behind. For funds as long as I have any I have plenty for you to enjoy yourself with. I want you to see something of the world. Be very choise[sic] of your associates, both ladies and gents‐ especially the latter‐ avoid forward nor too intimate on short acquaintance, rather be hard to cultivate‐ don't show your likes or dislikes too much, cover them as much as possible‐ altogether if you [can]. I have not time to answer your last letter. I wrote Mr. Paul to get me a n‐‐‐‐‐. I hope he will. I am greatly in need of one. I have no further news to write you now. Go to see Maj. Yancey if you can and enjoy yourself. Visit all you can so it ain't too much. I don't know the name of the girl that wrote the letters more than \"Recca\" or \"Pet\". The feller's name is Cassius L. Mather 23rd O.R. I don't think he was killed. Give my best love to all, write me very often. Write long letters. The reason I want the small pistol sent to Uncle J. is that he asked me to leave one of them with him. He has the large one now \u0026 will keep it until I can get a belt. Good bye my dear sister. May God Bless you. Pray for me. \nYour devoted Bro.  \nJames","Camp 6 miles below W.Chester [Winchester] \nSept. 14th, 1864","My Dear Sister, \nI have been looking for more than a week for a letter from both you \u0026 Mr. Paul but have not re'ced either. What has he done about getting me a boy. I am here with no one to do anything for me- living worse than a negro. The man that I had to cook a little for me was discharged today \u0026 I am in a sweet fix. Ask Uncle Paul to get me anyone he can for any price for a short time. I must have some body or I'll leave here. I am not well- haven't been for more than a week, suffering dreadfully with rheumatism \u0026 headache. Ask Uncle Paul for God sake to get me someone and start him right off. I am dirty filthy lousy \u0026 sick. Got no clothes, no nothing. \nWrite me at once. \nYour affect. Bro \nJames","Officer's Prison Fort Delaware \nSept. 30th, 1864","My Darling Sister, \nI can imagine what your anxiety for me has been and hasten to avail myself of the only opportunity (and I fear an uncertain one). I have to inform you of my whereabouts and safety. I hope though that you have gotten one at least of the four or five letters I wrote and left in Va. to be sent to you. I was brought here on 27th inst. in company with the 184 other officers from our army- 125 of which were captured the same time I was and belonging mostly to our Div. Our Brigade being left back to support the Cav. was entirely cut off and surrounded and nothing was left us but to surrender. It might have been worse and I thank God it is not.  Write me about my horse. Tell Mr. Paul that I would like to have the name of some of his friends here (in the North) to whom I can apply for pecuniary assistance. I write to him today. I would like for any of our friends to do me a like favor. I am well. Give my best love to all my friends \u0026 relatives. Write me very soon and be sure to give me the name of some one to whom I can look for assistance. I will give more instructions in Mr. P's letter. \nYour devoted Brother \nJames","Direct to: \nAdjt. J. A. H. \nPrisoner of War, 23rd Batt. Va. Inftry. \nDiv. No. 33 Fort Delaware, Del. \nVia Flag of truce","Officers Prison, Fort Delaware \nNovember 1st, 1864","My darling Sister: \nAnother week has gone and still no tidings from you. O Heavens the anxiety of suspense! I cannot estimate what a letter from you would be worth to me now. You certainly have rece'd one or more of the letters I have written you from here and I cannot see why it is I have not rece'd at least one from you if you followed my directions. As I told you in my last I will try to make it convenient to write once a week. You write at least that. Adjt. [Sydenstricker] who left here shortly after we got here for exchange promised to write you all about me from Richmond. Also Col. Edgar \u0026 Capt. Marshall who left only a few days ago. Answer all of my questions in my former letters in two or three successive letters so that I may be more likely to see them. Don't forget my horse and the references. I am still enjoying good health and doing as well generally as could be expected under the circumstances. I have found several persons in the month who have befriended me. Write me often. Give my best love to all in Mt. Solon, also to Miss N - at Churchville- also Uncle J. \u0026 family. Jim Burn is here as well- so is John Hanna. Good bye. I sent you some stamps in my last. May God Bless you my dear darling sister. \nEver your devoted Bro","Officer's Prison, Fort Delaware \nNovember 9th 1864","My precious Sister: \nI certainly expected to get a reply to some of my former letters by the last flag of truce boat - but was again disappointed. Why is this? Certainly you have written? I have written you some four or five letters from here - three in as many weeks- but not one word have I heard to quiet my anxiety- which is very great. I do not know why it is- others receive letters from the South- why wouldn't I? Write me every few days until I hear from you \u0026 as I told you in some of my former letters, if you cannot get U.S. postage stamps enclose to Col. Ould \u0026 I can pay it here- but get them if you can. Perhaps Mrs. Mary Lewis (was McFarland) can inform you how to obtain them. Don't fail to send me the names of those to whom I can apply for assistance. I explained all this in my former letters. Tell me about my horse, etc. Have inserted in Rich. [?], requesting New York Daily News to copy, a personal for me, giving me the information I want. Get the address I want from Uncle Jimmy \u0026 Uncle Paul or if they cannot give them, they can probably get some one to do it who can. Maj. McCue for instance. They can insert a personal as above to the parties requesting them to supply me. Make use of every expedient to let me hear from you. I am nearly crazy to do as I think Uncle Jimmy \u0026 Uncle Paul can certainly give me the information so badly needed. Be sure to write often. I shall be utterly miserable until I hear from you. Give my best love to all in Solon \u0026 at Uncle J's \u0026 all enquiring friends. Jim [Burns or Beam?] is here \u0026 well. Write to Mollie. Jim McFarland also here \u0026 well. Have you rece'd my letters from Winchester? May God Bless you ever, my darling sister. \nYour ever devoted Bro. \nJames","Walnut Grove \nTuesday morning","My darling Sister: \nIt was my intention to start to see you today but both Uncle Jimmy \u0026 Aunt Mint think it best for me to remain and not undertake the trip too soon. As you may suppose I am very weak \u0026 could not so all the way to Mt. Solon in one day if I were to start now. My health is tolerable. Rest assured that I will come just as soon as possible. My anxiety to see you cannot be expressed. Give my best love to all. I arrived here Saturday night. I send this by Mr. Goodman who goes to Staunton after his daughter. Good Bye until we meet up- will I hope be very soon. \nYour fond \u0026 devoted Bro. \nJames","The bulk of the collection consists of letters written by James A. Harden to his sister, covering wartime events experienced by his unit as well as his time at Ft. Delaware, Delaware. The collection also includes one letter (dated June 6, 1861) written while Harden was at VMI and other items.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards arrival at VMI and daily life as a cadet.","Written from Camp at Fairfax Station, Virginia. Letter discusses the importance of military schools that \"will serve as a nucleus around which to build up a Southern Army.\"","Written from \"Camp at Rich Hill on Big Sewell Mountain,\" Virginia. Letter regards daily life in the 36th Virginia Infantry Regiment, including troop movements and enemy locations.","Written from \"Camp near Manassas,\" Virginia. Letter regards daily life in camp.","Written from camp in Giles County, Virginia. Note explains that they have \"had a desperate fight. We fought four to one \u0026 were whipped very badly-looking for reinforcements.\"","Written from camp near Lewisburg, West Virginia. Letter regards heavy losses in battle, a \"visit to the Yankees,\" and family news.","Written from \"Camp near Lewisburg.\" Letter regards troop movements to avoid the enemy, James A. Harden's health, and a potential visit at the end of the month.","Written from Staunton, Virginia. Letter regards troop movement to meet General Robert E. Lee's army.","Written from headquarters, 23rd Virginia Battalion. Letter mentions that James A. Harden is \"right side up with care\" and that they \"have plenty of men \u0026 they are in fine spirits.\"","Written from \"Camp near the Chickahominy, Old Battlefield of Gaines Mill,\" Virginia.  Letter describes the Battle of Cold Harbor, Virginia.","Written from near Strasburg, Virginia. Letter regards a fight at Snickers Ferry, Virginia on July 18, 1864 and a decline in mood.","Written from \"near\" Martinsburg, Virginia. Letter regards current troop movements, engagement with the enemy, and personal matters.","Written from \"near\" Winchester, Virginia. Letter regards recent engagement with the enemy, desire to send money home, and personal matters.","Written from camp \"6 miles below Winchester,\" Virginia. Letter regards loss of a cook and James A. Harden's poor health.","Written from \"Officer's Prison Fort Delaware,\" Delaware. Letter regards capture and transfer to Fort Delaware.","Written from \"Officer's Prison Fort Delaware,\" Delaware. Letter regards life in prison and health.","Written from \"Officer's Prison Fort Delaware,\" Delaware. Letter regards disappointment in not receiving letters from family and family matters.","Written from Walnut Grove. Letter regards release from Fort Delaware, Delaware and the hope to travel home soon.","Letter confirms that James A. Harden is a prisoner at Fort Delaware, Deleware.","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Harden, James A. (James Abel), 1841-1927","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0476","/repositories/3/resources/556"],"normalized_title_ssm":["James A. Harden papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["James A. Harden papers"],"collection_ssim":["James A. Harden papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Fort Delaware (Del.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Fort Delaware (Del.)"],"creator_ssm":["Harden, James A. (James Abel), 1841-1927"],"creator_ssim":["Harden, James A. (James Abel), 1841-1927"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Harden, James A. (James Abel), 1841-1927"],"creators_ssim":["Harden, James A. (James Abel), 1841-1927"],"places_ssim":["Fort Delaware (Del.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Battalion, 23rd","Soldiers—Virginia—Correspondence","Virginia—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","Virginia—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia Military Institute—Alumni—Biography","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1860-1869","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1864","Virginia Military Institute—Civil War, 1861-1865","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Prisoners and prisons","Prisoners of war","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 36th"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Battalion, 23rd","Soldiers—Virginia—Correspondence","Virginia—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","Virginia—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia Military Institute—Alumni—Biography","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1860-1869","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1864","Virginia Military Institute—Civil War, 1861-1865","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Prisoners and prisons","Prisoners of war","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Infantry Regiment, 36th"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["27 items"],"extent_tesim":["27 items"],"date_range_isim":[1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions"],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p15821coll11/id/2132\"\u003eJames A. Harden's outgoing correspondence is available online.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Online Access"],"altformavail_tesim":["James A. Harden's outgoing correspondence is available online."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames Abel Harden was born on December 8, 1841 in Greenville, Augusta County, Virginia to Daniel Madison Harden (1813-1887) of Kentucky and Eliza Ann Gibbons (1815-1848) of Virginia. He came to VMI on June 4, 1861 to receive military training. After a few weeks Harden enlisted in the 36th Virginia Regiment and was appointed sergeant major on Aug 10, 1861. He is shown as Acting Assistant Adjutant General in the 2nd Brigade Army of the Kanawha in November 1861. He resigned and and was discharged on March 25, 1862 and became Acting Adjutant for the 23rd Virginia Battalion sometime in the summer of 1862. Harden was appointed 1st lieutenant and Adjutant of the 23rd Battalion on November 20, 1862. He was praised for \"distinguished gallantry\" at Droop Mountain in November, 1863. He was captured at the Third Battle of Winchester and held at Ft. Delaware, Delaware where he was released on oath June 12, 1865.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1880 Harden married Winnie Ella Berkey (1859-1921) of Buckingham County, Virginia and the couple had eight children: Susan Mary Harden, Annie Tupper Harden, David Humphreys Harden, James Edwin Harden, Mildred Lee Harden, Robert Edward Harden, Benhamin Bee Harden, and Dixie Mae Harden.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nHarden died on September 7, 1942 in Dillwyn, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Contents Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["James Abel Harden was born on December 8, 1841 in Greenville, Augusta County, Virginia to Daniel Madison Harden (1813-1887) of Kentucky and Eliza Ann Gibbons (1815-1848) of Virginia. He came to VMI on June 4, 1861 to receive military training. After a few weeks Harden enlisted in the 36th Virginia Regiment and was appointed sergeant major on Aug 10, 1861. He is shown as Acting Assistant Adjutant General in the 2nd Brigade Army of the Kanawha in November 1861. He resigned and and was discharged on March 25, 1862 and became Acting Adjutant for the 23rd Virginia Battalion sometime in the summer of 1862. Harden was appointed 1st lieutenant and Adjutant of the 23rd Battalion on November 20, 1862. He was praised for \"distinguished gallantry\" at Droop Mountain in November, 1863. He was captured at the Third Battle of Winchester and held at Ft. Delaware, Delaware where he was released on oath June 12, 1865.","In 1880 Harden married Winnie Ella Berkey (1859-1921) of Buckingham County, Virginia and the couple had eight children: Susan Mary Harden, Annie Tupper Harden, David Humphreys Harden, James Edwin Harden, Mildred Lee Harden, Robert Edward Harden, Benhamin Bee Harden, and Dixie Mae Harden.","\nHarden died on September 7, 1942 in Dillwyn, Virginia."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eV.M. Institute\u003cbr\u003e\nJune 6th, 1861\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Sister,\u003cbr\u003e \nI suppose you have heard ere this my whereabouts - I passed through Staunton on yesterday week and would have called to see you but the cars were behind hand that day and the stage left immediately after cars got there and I did not have time to do so. I went to Uncle Jim Burn's and intended coming to see you from there but heard that your school was out and you had gone to Mt. Solon and as I did not have time to come there I left for this place on Monday last where I have been ever since. I entered as a regular cadet. I am well and getting along very well‐ am very lonesome and often long for a letter from you‐ have rec'd no letters from anyone since I have been here. I rec'd a letter from you the day I left the University‐ but have not been able to answer it since‐ and here I have not time to do anything of that kind‐ keep a feller running to roll call, drums, drills and lecture every two minutes almost. When a feller comes here he has to give up his liberty in every respect‐ it is just like you were in jail. Can't leave barracks hardly without permission. I have no news of any importance to write you‐ in fact I haven't heard any news or seen a newspaper since I have been here. I suppose you have rec'd a letter from Uncle Jimmy or Aunt [Min] ere this. They told me they would write and let you know where I was for I did not know when I should have an opportunity to write. There is that infernal drum again. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReturned. I have but time to say Good Bye and write very soon. Love to all.\u003cbr\u003e\nYour Loving Bro‐\u003cbr\u003e\nJames.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDirect to\u003cbr\u003e \nCadet Jas. A. Harden\u003cbr\u003e \nV. M. Institute\u003cbr\u003e \nLexington, Va\u003cbr\u003e \nNever ~Darling~ \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp at Fairfax Station\u003cbr\u003e\nAug 21st 1861 \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Father,\u003cbr\u003e\nI received yours Lou's and Billy's notes day before yesterday. My advice to Billy would be to return to the Institute. All the Military schools in the land will be in operation, and others will doubtless spring up these will serve as a nucleus around which to build up a Southern Army. No education in future will hardly be considered complete that does not embrace a knowledge of tactics. It seems to me impolitic to draw Southern boys into the war, when we have enough able‐bodied men to fight our battles, and especially when there is a probability that these boys will render more effective service to their country at a future day. Billy has been at the Institute one year and laid a foundation for his education and I see no good reason why he should not continue to build upon it. I do not think the fact of a war being in progress should do away with the intellectual training of one generation. Two of the Corps of Professors at the Institute have been ordered to return by the 1st of October, the places of the others will be supplied, at least this is the arrangement at present. I suppose by Fall, the cadets whose martial spirit now inclines them to remain in the army, will return to the Institute. Billy spoke of returning as drill master. Since the battle of Manassas, the men would be indignant to talk to them about a drill‐master  as they call themselves old soldiers.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere is no position in this Regiment, or any other, in which Billy could draw pay, and remain only a month or so. But if it is his desire to join the army for the war, and this meets with your approval, I don't think there is any doubt about his obtaining a situation in this Regiment as 3rd Lieut. of Capt. Brown's Company at a salary of eighty ($80) a month. Capt. Brown's 3rd Lieut. has resigned and the vacancy will be to fill, and I asked the Captain the probability of Billy's election. He consulted with his men, and told me he did not think there would be any doubt about it. The resignation of the Lieut. has just been sent in and whilst it will certainly be accepted, it will not be heard from for three or four weeks. I can postpone the election until the 1st October, if necessary. This is all I can do for Billy at present, you \u0026amp; he can take it under consideration \u0026amp; report. But tell Billy if he decides to take the post‐ I want him to understand that Genl. Elzey don't give furloughs \u0026amp; that I don't want to be troubled by loaning money‐ clothes, or treating to ice cream that if he comes he must come with the determination to \"hoe his own row\"‐ He has been in the army long enough to know what it is \u0026amp; what will be expected of him. Of course I will cheerfully administer to his wants should he get sick, but Billy understands he remembers my lectures about his sponging and complaining at Winchester.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBut enough on this subject for the present. I have been directed to make a requisition for 40 rounds of cartridges in addition to what I have and now have a good deal on hand. I am told 17 loads of boats went to Aquia Creek a few days since. I was at Fairfax C.H. yesterday‐ the whole country around is one grand encampment. We have a good deal of sickness in our camp‐ not less than 150 cases‐ of this number about twenty have the remittent fever. Some of my men I fear will die. A. B. Bridges who married  (Robt. Miller's) widow died in the hospital at Richmond with the fever‐ he was delirious when he reached Gordonsville. We lost another man last week with the fever on his way home near camp \u0026amp; gave them all the attention we can. I am sorry to hear of Mr. Steven's illness‐ but hope he is well by this time. Let me hear from you soon.\u003cbr\u003e\nYour affectionate son.\u003cbr\u003e\nJim\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy regards to Miss Matilda \u0026amp; Mr. Stevens family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp at Rich Hill on Big Sewell Mountain\u003cbr\u003e\nOct. 3rd/61\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Sister:\u003cbr\u003e\nI wrote you some days ago from Meadow Bluff but did not get an opportunity to send it. When I wrote it we were under orders to march the next morning, where I did not know- but now, as I am at our journeys end I can tell you. We are encamped in full view of the enemy. We being on the Eastern or first top of Big Sewell Mountain and they being on the Western or second top- the mountain having two tops about one and a half miles apart with a deep ravine between. We are now in close quarters certain- so much so that we can readily distinguish them drilling with the naked eye. We can see everything quite plain. Since I wrote last a new order of things have come around. Gen. Lee now commands here. Gen. Wise has been superceded by Gen. Floyd and the two commands have been united.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWise has been ordered to Richmond and has gone. Gen. Loving is here with his forces. If we have a fight Loving will command the right wing- Lee the centre  and Floyd the left wing. Our force has been considerably increased but is not near strong enough. The enemy's reported strength at their position on top of Sewell is twelve thousand (12,000)- but then they have nearly as many more between them and Charleston. So that our little force of two thousand would be no where without they attack us in position. One thing certain I don't think it will ever do for us to attack them with this force. But something must soon be done. We cannot remain in sight of one another long without something being done and what is more our men cannot stand it- being on half rations all the time all they get is three biscuits a day and a piece of tough beef- and soldiers can't live in this country where it rains every other day and cold enough to freeze them on any such food as that. We have had several very heavy frosts here. Last Saturday morning a soldier from a Miss. [Mississippi] Regiment was found dead in a wagon supposed to have frozen to death. It rained all Thursday night and all day Friday night very hard and it was as cold as January and the poor fellow not having any tent along with them (having in obedience to orders left them at Meadow Bluff) froze to death. But his is only one of many deaths that occur here every day. Poor fellows! They take sick and have no one to take care of them and die from neglect. You can hardly pass a house without seeing a dead man and often you find them in barns and stables in the stalls where horses have been and nobody to bury them. I was told the other day by a man who said he saw three dead men lying in a stable and had been there so long they were actually putrifying[sic]- and I shouldn't be surprised if it were so- every house from here to the White Sul. [Sulfur] is a hospital. I should like to see some of those Manassas boys out here awhile- they would see some to grumble at.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere is to be a decisive battle fought here ere long whether we shall winter in Charleston or not and I don't care how soon for I am tired undergoing such hardships and doing nothing. I want to get into better quarters somewhere. I don't care where much- can't get as much as a hand full of hay- have to lie on the cold wet ground (in fact nothing but mud) and get up in the morning with rheumatism and sore throat and if it was not but for Lottie's piano cover I would have had to taken it on the naked ground and I believe I would have been dead long had it not have been for it. But I still have pretty good health- have a bad cold occasionally but I don't mind that much.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHow are all at home? I should like very much to see you all. Have you seen Lottie yet- don't you think she is a beauty? I wish I could see her now.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBut I must close as it is getting too dark to see how to write. I long for a letter- do write very soon. Give my best love to all at house also Uncle [Jo Burns?] family and tell Mollie to write. Tell Aunt [Minta?] that I wish often for some of her good biscuits and chickens- tell her to be sure to write very soon. Direct to the care of Col. McCausland, 36th Reg. Va. Vols. Floyd's Brigade, Charleston, Va. and if we whip the Yankees I will get it there; if not I will get it wherever I may be. Best love to all- tell Uncle Jimmy to write often. Good Bye. May God Bless you my dear Sister in the prayer of\u003cbr\u003e\nYour Loving Bro.\u003cbr\u003e\nJames.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp near Manassas\u003cbr\u003e\nJany 4th 1862\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Sister\u003cbr\u003e\nYour welcome note of the 30th inst reached me today. The bouquet retained its freshness and fragrance‐ and am much oblige to all parties interested in getting it up. Remember me kindly to them, and tell Miss Matilda that I will try and send her one in return, in the spring, especially as she took so much pains to fix it for a Colonel. Tell her the complaint among the Commissioned Officers here is that the smiles are all bestowed on the men in ranks. Well they justly deserve them. I believe I was acting as Brigadier when I last wrote, Col. Hill has returned and I am done playing \"Big Indian\" but after a week's experience in that capacity I don't think it is as vexatious position as that of little Colonel.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGenl. Elzey came up from Centreville today. He is still complaining with rheumatism.  He does my Regiment the compliment to have his body guard detailed from it. He says the Baltimorians \u0026amp; Tennesseeans stole from him.  (Geddie Effinger my roommate has just come and give me a scolding about not having a good fire).  But I must tell you that I am in my \"shanty\". We moved in last night. You will see from the enclosed picture that it bears a striking resemblance to the habitations along the line of the rail‐road in Northern Georgia only it is a better building. My kitchen is not quite completed. I eat in my tent this morning with snow on it, this is as near a Valley Forge scene as I have yet experienced. The ground is covered with snow, but it is very slight and the first winter weather we have had yet. My men are nearly all in their huts. And now I must tell you something else in connection with our Winter Quarters. I was at Genl. E. K. Smith's House today (I will tell you why I went there directly) for some time. He told me that Genl. Johnston wanted us to remain at Centreville and it was some time before he could prevail upon him to let us come here, so you see we are among the \"favored few\".  I was at Centreville yesterday. Many Regiments are still in their tents \u0026amp; will probably be all winter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Giles Co. Va.\u003cbr\u003e\nNov  11th 1863\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Sister‐\u003cbr\u003e\nI have but time to write you that I am safe‐ have had a desperate fight. We fought four to one \u0026amp; were whipped very badly‐ looking for reinforcements‐ will start back tomorrow. My love to all‐ will write again soon.\u003cbr\u003e\nYour loving Bro James \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Near Lewisburg\u003cbr\u003e\nDecember 3rd, 1863\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Sister,\u003cbr\u003e \nI rec'd your kind \u0026amp; affectionate letter some days ago and reply at my earliest opportunity. When we retreated to Giles Co. \u0026amp; started back to this point I left my desk \u0026amp; all my writing apparatuses behind \u0026amp; they did not get up until a week ago when I started on a flag of truce to the enemy \u0026amp; did not get back until last night. As I have been so long delayed in writing to you I suppose it is unnecessary to give you any detailed account of the late fight as you have I suppose seen several accounts in the papers. It was the hardest \u0026amp; most disastrous fight we have ever had in this portion of the country.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis Batt. \u0026amp; the 22nd Regt. bore the brunt of the fight. What our loss is I do not know, certainly very heavy though. It will be some gratification to you to know that I was highly complimented in Genl. Echols official report (for my conduct in the fight) to the War Dept, though it does not become me to speak of it to anyone but yourself \u0026amp; I desire that you  will not speak of it. I have just returned from a very pleasant \u0026amp; sociable visit to the Yankees. We were treated very kindly indeed. We remained with them three days \u0026amp; four nights had \"sure 'nuff\" coffee three times a day \u0026amp; everything good that any one could desire, egg‐nog \u0026amp; whiskey included. I send you a Yankee paper of as late a date as I could get. I got a letter from L. last night and found it waiting my return. She is well \u0026amp; \"all right\", does not give any satisfactory reasons for her long delay‐ but I suppose I will have to give her a slight lecture\u0026amp; forgive her. She inquired after you‐ says she heard you were going to her neighborhood Christmas‐ hopes you will. If you do, you must go to see her. Her Mother has been very ill this fall‐ still is so.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEverything is very dull here now. I have not been to see any ladies since the fight, expect to do so as soon as I can get some clothes washed. Has Lizzie Van Lear returned from Salem yet? When I got home last night I found an invitation from and Aunt of hers, Mrs. Alex Arbuckle to visit some ladies at her house‐ but I rec'd it too late to go. She is a very nice lady, has been very kind to us. When we retreated from here the Col. \u0026amp; I left some clothing at her house \u0026amp; the Yankees heard of it \u0026amp; went \u0026amp; searched the house \u0026amp; destroyed it together with a great deal of her clothing \u0026amp; of her family. I lost some valuable clothing but saved the most of what I had. I do not know when I will be able to get a leave of absence. I would like you to buy me some yarn and knit me a pair of suspenders if you will. Do not make them more than 1 ½ inches wide. I will come to see you all as soon as I can. Aunt Mint is mistaken about my not writing to them. I have written twice I think without a reply. I will write again tonight. Give my best love to all. My love to Kate Duck \u0026amp; all friends when you write again. Good bye.\u003cbr\u003e \nYour Loving Bro\u003cbr\u003e\nJames \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter you have finished reading the Yankee paper send it to Uncle Jimmie \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp near Lewisburg\u003cbr\u003e\nJanuary 5th 1864 \n \nMy Dear Sister:\u003cbr\u003e\nI rec'd your letter together with the one you wrote for Uncle J. on Christmas day. I am sorry I was not able to spend Christmas with you all‐ have enjoyed myself tolerably well. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSince I wrote you last we have been run again by the Yankees‐ retreated to Salt Sulphur Springs ahead of Averill  going in the direction of Salem. Into position on Sweet Springs Mt.  to fight him, but he heard of us being there \u0026amp; took another road‐ have come back near Lewisburg‐ 5 miles on the Union Road‐ are encamped in a miserable place‐ don't think it possible to supply ourselves here very long. I am anxious to see you all‐ don't know when I'll be able to come. May come last of the month‐ don't look for me though‐ don't feel very well today. If you have an opportunity to send my trunk key to Uncle J. do so \u0026amp; if you don't have one send it in a letter. I will have to go there \u0026amp; get some clothes before I come to Salem. Love to all. Excuse me‐ have the Blues\u003cbr\u003e\nYours devotionally\u003cbr\u003e\nJames\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStaunton Va.\u003cbr\u003e\nMay 19th 1864\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Sister,\u003cbr\u003e\nWe are here waiting to get on the cars. Will leave here this evening for [left blank by Hardin]. Gen. Lee's army I think. We are nearly worn out entirely‐ have been on the march for ten or fifteen days. The news from all quarters is glorious‐ hope it may continue. Give my best to all. I will write again very soon. Good Bye.\u003cbr\u003e \nYour most devoted Brother,\u003cbr\u003e\nJames \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHead Qrs. 23rd Va. Batt.\u003cbr\u003e\nMay 26, 1864\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Sister:\u003cbr\u003e\nI write you to let you know that I am still \"right side up with care\". No fighting today- have had nothing but skirmishing since we have been here. We are just as sure to whip Grant if he attacks us here as the sun will shine tomorrow. We have plenty of men \u0026amp; they are in fine spirits. Do not be uneasy about me if you do not hear from me often. I have no means very seldom of writing. If I am hurt you will hear of it very soon.\u003cbr\u003e\nYours devotedly,\u003cbr\u003e\nJames\u003cbr\u003e\nMy best love to all\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp near the Chickahominy\u003cbr\u003e\nOld Battlefield of Gaines Mill\u003cbr\u003e\nJune 4th, 1864\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Sister\u003cbr\u003e\nWe had a heavy fight yesterday \u0026amp; repulsed the enemy at all points with heavy loss- our loss comparatively small. The enemy overpowered the left of our Brigade \u0026amp; had possession of their works for a short time but were soon driven from them with great slaughter. I have lost several friends- one very dear. One Capt. J. K. Thompson 22nd Regt. it is feared mortally wounded. A more gallant boy and a better friend never lived. I loved him as a brother. I want to see him but am very sick. We were relived in the trenches last night after 10 days very hard service. I am still not with my command but if I get any worse I shall be compelled to go to the rear. Tell Sam Barber that Lt. Donaldson is captured. Lt. Arnold killed and a good many of the Ka. Riflemen wounded captured. Adjt. Craig killed. Col. Edgar bayonet wound in shoulder- slight. We are in good spirits \u0026amp; determined to whip Grant. Have no fears. Write to Uncle J. I am safe. Pray for men- all the Adjt. in the Brigade are either killed or wounded except me. My time may come next. Best love to all. Good Bye.\u003cbr\u003e\nYour loving Bro.\u003cbr\u003e\nJames\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNear Strasburg Va\u003cbr\u003e\nJuly 22nd 1864\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Sister:\u003cbr\u003e \nI wrote you a few days ago by private hands from near Snickers Ferry but will write you again now. We got here this morning from Middletown and have been in line of battle all day awaiting the approach of the enemy who have been pursuing us ever since we left the Potomac‐ but they ceased today. I thought this morning that we would have a battle today. They were following us all day yesterday \u0026amp; drove  in our pickets last night about 10 o'Clock and but from some cause they have stopped. They are reported to be in very heavy force \u0026amp; moving up in several different columns. They have been rather getting the better of us since we left the Potomac. They have captured a few portion of our wagon train several times and day before yesterday routed Ramseur's Division by bad management on his part. He lost between 4 and 600 men‐ Jim [Ba‐‐‐] was slightly wounded in the shoulder by a spent ball. He was to see me yesterday‐ said he was going back to duty yesterday evening. Gen. Lilley (Bob) was wounded \u0026amp; captured. This took place two miles below Winchester. Our Division was not on that road. I am much in hopes we will go on back up the Valley and take some rest and get something to eat for I am worn out and half starved for something that is fit to eat. I feel no interest in anything except just so far as I am personally concerned. I am dispirited. I have changed shirts but once since I left Staunton \u0026amp; some garments I haven't changed at all. I have but one change along but and they are dirty \u0026amp; I can neither get the chance nor time to get them washed. With all these afflictions I cannot say that I feel well‐ but still I am not sick for I am much better off than a great many others. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe have a report here that Grant is dead‐ hope it may be so‐ but I fear it isn't. I am very anxious to see some papers \u0026amp; the news. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDid you get my letter to you from Harrisonburg? I wrote to you from there and asked an old Gentleman standing on the street to mail it for me which he promised to do. This is a gloomy evening‐ just suits my feelings. Write me at once a long letter about everything. Give me the news. Tell me about everything and everybody. I hope we will soon get back up the Valley when I will try \u0026amp; come see you. We may more any way though. There is no telling. Give my very best to all. Tell Effie that I understand \"Uncle Davy Jamison\" is along with this army \u0026amp; I am on the look out for him. Write me very soon. May  God ever Bless you and the kind friends of Mt. Solon will ever be the prayer of\u003cbr\u003e\nYour devoted Brother,\u003cbr\u003e\nJames‐\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDirect to 23 Va. Battalion, Echols' Brigade, Breckinridge's Div., Army of the Valley\u003cbr\u003e \n(I have no stamps\u0026amp; it is impossible to get any here) \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e[letter continues on the top of Page 1]\u003cbr\u003e\nIf we fight the enemy here or anywhere be assured they will get licked. We had a fight with them at Snickers Ferry on the 18th \u0026amp; whipped them badly. Our loss as heavy as theirs‐ Rode's Div. done the principal fighting.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNear Martinsburg Va.\u003cbr\u003e \nJuly 27, 1864\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Sister,\u003cbr\u003e\nGod has again made us victorious. The day after the fight I wrote you from Strasburg we moved down and attacked the enemy about 7 miles above Winchester and completely routed him. We from them with infantry and Artillery some two or three miles this side of Winchester when night came on \u0026amp; we (the Infantry) halted \u0026amp; the Cavalry pursued them much farther. The next day we remained in camp (waiting for rations) until about 4 o'clock, when we moved down \u0026amp; camped near Bunkers Hill \u0026amp; yesterday moved to this place. The enemy largely outnumbered us but we whipped them with the greatest greatest ease routing him. They burned a large number of their wagons‐ say 75‐ \u0026amp; blew up some caissons threw away a large number of arms, knapsacks \u0026amp; haversacks \u0026amp; everything that would impede this progress. Gen. Mulligan was mortally wounded \u0026amp; fell into our hands. Our loss was very slight‐ also that of the enemy. They came here \u0026amp; retreated towards Williamsport.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI am beginning to think that there certainly must be some Providential interference in regard to myself or perhaps it may be the prayers of my friends. I feel that there is certainly something‐ I cannot (lead?) a charmed life? I have felt this more strongly the other day than ever before. Perhaps it was because I realized my situation more fully than before.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhere we will go from here I cannot tell. There are several conjectures‐ among them are 1st that we will go on a trip to the North West by the way of Cumberland, Md. to Wheeling. 2nd that we will make the trip without crossing the river. 3rd that we will go back up the valley. I am in favor of some place where rest can be found‐ but if we can do anything by taking the trip to N.W. Va. I am in as long as I am able to put one foot before the other. I feel bully today. I am full up to the guzzle for once. We have had hard times in the eating line in the last ten days. I have drank so much coffee today that I am so nervous I can scarcely write. Being full of coffee \u0026amp; bread \u0026amp; meat I now long for some good smoking tobacco which is as scarce as hens teeth down here and scarcer too. I have some Yankee letters for your perusal. If we do will send them to you if I have an opportunity. Will send you a sample in this. She is a good writer but I think is flirting with him. I also send a picture which I think is hers‐ am not sure for there were several pictures captured together‐ but she speaks in one of the letters of a recent date of sending a picture to him \u0026amp; as this was the newest looking one of the lot, I take it for hers. Isn't she loving‐?  Derrick got a letter in which I got a message from Mrs. Lewis that Jimmy Sprout, Ginny's oldest boy died a week ago. All this you have heard. I am anxious for a letter from you. Write often twice a week. I may get them. Give my best love to all. Pray for me and be a good Christian May that God will ever bless you and the dear friends in Solon is the heartfelt devoted desire of my heart.\u003cbr\u003e \nEver my precious sister \u003cbr\u003e\nYour devoted Bro,\u003cbr\u003e\nJames \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e[end of letter continues on tops of other pages]\u003cbr\u003e\nI want a Junebug or Dulcinea. The wounded of the last has healed. The bullet is still there. My heart is lonely. I have \"no one to love me‐ none to caress\". Col. [Barton?] speaks of going to Mt. Solon shortly. If he does will write by him. Remember me very kindly to \"Bro. Sam\". \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e[On back of envelope]\u003cbr\u003e \nI have no stamps. Saw Mr. Brown \u0026amp; Geo. G. the day before yesterday. They were well. M. is with his Co. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNear Winchester, Va.\u003cbr\u003e\nAug 18th 1864\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Sister;\u003cbr\u003e\nAgain we are on the move forward down the Valley. We marched from Strasburg here yesterday \u0026amp; attacked the enemy here \u0026amp; drove him beyond the town. They fell back from our front at Strasburg night before last‐ caused by a flank movement of Gen. Anderson with two Divs. of Longstreet's Corps \u0026amp; Fitz‐Lee's Cav. Div. We fought here only a Brig. of Infantry \u0026amp; a large force of Cav. , their main force having gone towards Berryville. They certainly have a very large force‐ say 35 or 40 thousand.  Our loss here heavy in comparison to that of the enemy. I lost my Sergt. Major badly wounded leg amputated. The fifth one I have had since I have been with this Battl. I again have great cause to thank God that I am again spared. Pray for me still. I suppose we will move on towards Martinsburg again \u0026amp; may cross the river \"if we can\". \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI would like to send you some money to \"splurge on\" if I have an opportunity. If you can get it then do so \u0026amp; when I come I will give or send it to you by the first opportunity. I don't want you to sit down in Mt. Solon \u0026amp; nurse your hands. I want you fly around \u0026amp; enjoy yourself with your associates. While they are taking pleasure excursions, I don't want you to remain behind. For funds as long as I have any I have plenty for you to enjoy yourself with. I want you to see something of the world. Be very choise[sic] of your associates, both ladies and gents‐ especially the latter‐ avoid forward nor too intimate on short acquaintance, rather be hard to cultivate‐ don't show your likes or dislikes too much, cover them as much as possible‐ altogether if you [can]. I have not time to answer your last letter. I wrote Mr. Paul to get me a n‐‐‐‐‐. I hope he will. I am greatly in need of one. I have no further news to write you now. Go to see Maj. Yancey if you can and enjoy yourself. Visit all you can so it ain't too much. I don't know the name of the girl that wrote the letters more than \"Recca\" or \"Pet\". The feller's name is Cassius L. Mather 23rd O.R. I don't think he was killed. Give my best love to all, write me very often. Write long letters. The reason I want the small pistol sent to Uncle J. is that he asked me to leave one of them with him. He has the large one now \u0026amp; will keep it until I can get a belt. Good bye my dear sister. May God Bless you. Pray for me.\u003cbr\u003e\nYour devoted Bro.\u003cbr\u003e \nJames\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp 6 miles below W.Chester [Winchester]\u003cbr\u003e\nSept. 14th, 1864\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Sister,\u003cbr\u003e\nI have been looking for more than a week for a letter from both you \u0026amp; Mr. Paul but have not re'ced either. What has he done about getting me a boy. I am here with no one to do anything for me- living worse than a negro. The man that I had to cook a little for me was discharged today \u0026amp; I am in a sweet fix. Ask Uncle Paul to get me anyone he can for any price for a short time. I must have some body or I'll leave here. I am not well- haven't been for more than a week, suffering dreadfully with rheumatism \u0026amp; headache. Ask Uncle Paul for God sake to get me someone and start him right off. I am dirty filthy lousy \u0026amp; sick. Got no clothes, no nothing.\u003cbr\u003e\nWrite me at once.\u003cbr\u003e\nYour affect. Bro\u003cbr\u003e\nJames\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOfficer's Prison Fort Delaware\u003cbr\u003e\nSept. 30th, 1864\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Darling Sister,\u003cbr\u003e\nI can imagine what your anxiety for me has been and hasten to avail myself of the only opportunity (and I fear an uncertain one). I have to inform you of my whereabouts and safety. I hope though that you have gotten one at least of the four or five letters I wrote and left in Va. to be sent to you. I was brought here on 27th inst. in company with the 184 other officers from our army- 125 of which were captured the same time I was and belonging mostly to our Div. Our Brigade being left back to support the Cav. was entirely cut off and surrounded and nothing was left us but to surrender. It might have been worse and I thank God it is not.  Write me about my horse. Tell Mr. Paul that I would like to have the name of some of his friends here (in the North) to whom I can apply for pecuniary assistance. I write to him today. I would like for any of our friends to do me a like favor. I am well. Give my best love to all my friends \u0026amp; relatives. Write me very soon and be sure to give me the name of some one to whom I can look for assistance. I will give more instructions in Mr. P's letter.\u003cbr\u003e\nYour devoted Brother\u003cbr\u003e\nJames\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDirect to:\u003cbr\u003e\nAdjt. J. A. H.\u003cbr\u003e\nPrisoner of War, 23rd Batt. Va. Inftry.\u003cbr\u003e\nDiv. No. 33 Fort Delaware, Del.\u003cbr\u003e\nVia Flag of truce\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOfficers Prison, Fort Delaware\u003cbr\u003e\nNovember 1st, 1864\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy darling Sister:\u003cbr\u003e\nAnother week has gone and still no tidings from you. O Heavens the anxiety of suspense! I cannot estimate what a letter from you would be worth to me now. You certainly have rece'd one or more of the letters I have written you from here and I cannot see why it is I have not rece'd at least one from you if you followed my directions. As I told you in my last I will try to make it convenient to write once a week. You write at least that. Adjt. [Sydenstricker] who left here shortly after we got here for exchange promised to write you all about me from Richmond. Also Col. Edgar \u0026amp; Capt. Marshall who left only a few days ago. Answer all of my questions in my former letters in two or three successive letters so that I may be more likely to see them. Don't forget my horse and the references. I am still enjoying good health and doing as well generally as could be expected under the circumstances. I have found several persons in the month who have befriended me. Write me often. Give my best love to all in Mt. Solon, also to Miss N - at Churchville- also Uncle J. \u0026amp; family. Jim Burn is here as well- so is John Hanna. Good bye. I sent you some stamps in my last. May God Bless you my dear darling sister.\u003cbr\u003e\nEver your devoted Bro\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOfficer's Prison, Fort Delaware\u003cbr\u003e\nNovember 9th 1864\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy precious Sister:\u003cbr\u003e\nI certainly expected to get a reply to some of my former letters by the last flag of truce boat - but was again disappointed. Why is this? Certainly you have written? I have written you some four or five letters from here - three in as many weeks- but not one word have I heard to quiet my anxiety- which is very great. I do not know why it is- others receive letters from the South- why wouldn't I? Write me every few days until I hear from you \u0026amp; as I told you in some of my former letters, if you cannot get U.S. postage stamps enclose to Col. Ould \u0026amp; I can pay it here- but get them if you can. Perhaps Mrs. Mary Lewis (was McFarland) can inform you how to obtain them. Don't fail to send me the names of those to whom I can apply for assistance. I explained all this in my former letters. Tell me about my horse, etc. Have inserted in Rich. [?], requesting New York Daily News to copy, a personal for me, giving me the information I want. Get the address I want from Uncle Jimmy \u0026amp; Uncle Paul or if they cannot give them, they can probably get some one to do it who can. Maj. McCue for instance. They can insert a personal as above to the parties requesting them to supply me. Make use of every expedient to let me hear from you. I am nearly crazy to do as I think Uncle Jimmy \u0026amp; Uncle Paul can certainly give me the information so badly needed. Be sure to write often. I shall be utterly miserable until I hear from you. Give my best love to all in Solon \u0026amp; at Uncle J's \u0026amp; all enquiring friends. Jim [Burns or Beam?] is here \u0026amp; well. Write to Mollie. Jim McFarland also here \u0026amp; well. Have you rece'd my letters from Winchester? May God Bless you ever, my darling sister.\u003cbr\u003e\nYour ever devoted Bro.\u003cbr\u003e\nJames\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWalnut Grove\u003cbr\u003e\nTuesday morning\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy darling Sister:\u003cbr\u003e\nIt was my intention to start to see you today but both Uncle Jimmy \u0026amp; Aunt Mint think it best for me to remain and not undertake the trip too soon. As you may suppose I am very weak \u0026amp; could not so all the way to Mt. Solon in one day if I were to start now. My health is tolerable. Rest assured that I will come just as soon as possible. My anxiety to see you cannot be expressed. Give my best love to all. I arrived here Saturday night. I send this by Mr. Goodman who goes to Staunton after his daughter. Good Bye until we meet up- will I hope be very soon.\u003cbr\u003e\nYour fond \u0026amp; devoted Bro.\u003cbr\u003e\nJames\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription"],"odd_tesim":["V.M. Institute \nJune 6th, 1861","My Dear Sister,  \nI suppose you have heard ere this my whereabouts - I passed through Staunton on yesterday week and would have called to see you but the cars were behind hand that day and the stage left immediately after cars got there and I did not have time to do so. I went to Uncle Jim Burn's and intended coming to see you from there but heard that your school was out and you had gone to Mt. Solon and as I did not have time to come there I left for this place on Monday last where I have been ever since. I entered as a regular cadet. I am well and getting along very well‐ am very lonesome and often long for a letter from you‐ have rec'd no letters from anyone since I have been here. I rec'd a letter from you the day I left the University‐ but have not been able to answer it since‐ and here I have not time to do anything of that kind‐ keep a feller running to roll call, drums, drills and lecture every two minutes almost. When a feller comes here he has to give up his liberty in every respect‐ it is just like you were in jail. Can't leave barracks hardly without permission. I have no news of any importance to write you‐ in fact I haven't heard any news or seen a newspaper since I have been here. I suppose you have rec'd a letter from Uncle Jimmy or Aunt [Min] ere this. They told me they would write and let you know where I was for I did not know when I should have an opportunity to write. There is that infernal drum again. ","Returned. I have but time to say Good Bye and write very soon. Love to all. \nYour Loving Bro‐ \nJames.","Direct to  \nCadet Jas. A. Harden  \nV. M. Institute  \nLexington, Va  \nNever ~Darling~ ","Camp at Fairfax Station \nAug 21st 1861 ","Dear Father, \nI received yours Lou's and Billy's notes day before yesterday. My advice to Billy would be to return to the Institute. All the Military schools in the land will be in operation, and others will doubtless spring up these will serve as a nucleus around which to build up a Southern Army. No education in future will hardly be considered complete that does not embrace a knowledge of tactics. It seems to me impolitic to draw Southern boys into the war, when we have enough able‐bodied men to fight our battles, and especially when there is a probability that these boys will render more effective service to their country at a future day. Billy has been at the Institute one year and laid a foundation for his education and I see no good reason why he should not continue to build upon it. I do not think the fact of a war being in progress should do away with the intellectual training of one generation. Two of the Corps of Professors at the Institute have been ordered to return by the 1st of October, the places of the others will be supplied, at least this is the arrangement at present. I suppose by Fall, the cadets whose martial spirit now inclines them to remain in the army, will return to the Institute. Billy spoke of returning as drill master. Since the battle of Manassas, the men would be indignant to talk to them about a drill‐master  as they call themselves old soldiers.","There is no position in this Regiment, or any other, in which Billy could draw pay, and remain only a month or so. But if it is his desire to join the army for the war, and this meets with your approval, I don't think there is any doubt about his obtaining a situation in this Regiment as 3rd Lieut. of Capt. Brown's Company at a salary of eighty ($80) a month. Capt. Brown's 3rd Lieut. has resigned and the vacancy will be to fill, and I asked the Captain the probability of Billy's election. He consulted with his men, and told me he did not think there would be any doubt about it. The resignation of the Lieut. has just been sent in and whilst it will certainly be accepted, it will not be heard from for three or four weeks. I can postpone the election until the 1st October, if necessary. This is all I can do for Billy at present, you \u0026 he can take it under consideration \u0026 report. But tell Billy if he decides to take the post‐ I want him to understand that Genl. Elzey don't give furloughs \u0026 that I don't want to be troubled by loaning money‐ clothes, or treating to ice cream that if he comes he must come with the determination to \"hoe his own row\"‐ He has been in the army long enough to know what it is \u0026 what will be expected of him. Of course I will cheerfully administer to his wants should he get sick, but Billy understands he remembers my lectures about his sponging and complaining at Winchester.","But enough on this subject for the present. I have been directed to make a requisition for 40 rounds of cartridges in addition to what I have and now have a good deal on hand. I am told 17 loads of boats went to Aquia Creek a few days since. I was at Fairfax C.H. yesterday‐ the whole country around is one grand encampment. We have a good deal of sickness in our camp‐ not less than 150 cases‐ of this number about twenty have the remittent fever. Some of my men I fear will die. A. B. Bridges who married  (Robt. Miller's) widow died in the hospital at Richmond with the fever‐ he was delirious when he reached Gordonsville. We lost another man last week with the fever on his way home near camp \u0026 gave them all the attention we can. I am sorry to hear of Mr. Steven's illness‐ but hope he is well by this time. Let me hear from you soon. \nYour affectionate son. \nJim","My regards to Miss Matilda \u0026 Mr. Stevens family.","Camp at Rich Hill on Big Sewell Mountain \nOct. 3rd/61","My Dear Sister: \nI wrote you some days ago from Meadow Bluff but did not get an opportunity to send it. When I wrote it we were under orders to march the next morning, where I did not know- but now, as I am at our journeys end I can tell you. We are encamped in full view of the enemy. We being on the Eastern or first top of Big Sewell Mountain and they being on the Western or second top- the mountain having two tops about one and a half miles apart with a deep ravine between. We are now in close quarters certain- so much so that we can readily distinguish them drilling with the naked eye. We can see everything quite plain. Since I wrote last a new order of things have come around. Gen. Lee now commands here. Gen. Wise has been superceded by Gen. Floyd and the two commands have been united.","Wise has been ordered to Richmond and has gone. Gen. Loving is here with his forces. If we have a fight Loving will command the right wing- Lee the centre  and Floyd the left wing. Our force has been considerably increased but is not near strong enough. The enemy's reported strength at their position on top of Sewell is twelve thousand (12,000)- but then they have nearly as many more between them and Charleston. So that our little force of two thousand would be no where without they attack us in position. One thing certain I don't think it will ever do for us to attack them with this force. But something must soon be done. We cannot remain in sight of one another long without something being done and what is more our men cannot stand it- being on half rations all the time all they get is three biscuits a day and a piece of tough beef- and soldiers can't live in this country where it rains every other day and cold enough to freeze them on any such food as that. We have had several very heavy frosts here. Last Saturday morning a soldier from a Miss. [Mississippi] Regiment was found dead in a wagon supposed to have frozen to death. It rained all Thursday night and all day Friday night very hard and it was as cold as January and the poor fellow not having any tent along with them (having in obedience to orders left them at Meadow Bluff) froze to death. But his is only one of many deaths that occur here every day. Poor fellows! They take sick and have no one to take care of them and die from neglect. You can hardly pass a house without seeing a dead man and often you find them in barns and stables in the stalls where horses have been and nobody to bury them. I was told the other day by a man who said he saw three dead men lying in a stable and had been there so long they were actually putrifying[sic]- and I shouldn't be surprised if it were so- every house from here to the White Sul. [Sulfur] is a hospital. I should like to see some of those Manassas boys out here awhile- they would see some to grumble at.","There is to be a decisive battle fought here ere long whether we shall winter in Charleston or not and I don't care how soon for I am tired undergoing such hardships and doing nothing. I want to get into better quarters somewhere. I don't care where much- can't get as much as a hand full of hay- have to lie on the cold wet ground (in fact nothing but mud) and get up in the morning with rheumatism and sore throat and if it was not but for Lottie's piano cover I would have had to taken it on the naked ground and I believe I would have been dead long had it not have been for it. But I still have pretty good health- have a bad cold occasionally but I don't mind that much.","How are all at home? I should like very much to see you all. Have you seen Lottie yet- don't you think she is a beauty? I wish I could see her now.","But I must close as it is getting too dark to see how to write. I long for a letter- do write very soon. Give my best love to all at house also Uncle [Jo Burns?] family and tell Mollie to write. Tell Aunt [Minta?] that I wish often for some of her good biscuits and chickens- tell her to be sure to write very soon. Direct to the care of Col. McCausland, 36th Reg. Va. Vols. Floyd's Brigade, Charleston, Va. and if we whip the Yankees I will get it there; if not I will get it wherever I may be. Best love to all- tell Uncle Jimmy to write often. Good Bye. May God Bless you my dear Sister in the prayer of \nYour Loving Bro. \nJames.","Camp near Manassas \nJany 4th 1862","Dear Sister \nYour welcome note of the 30th inst reached me today. The bouquet retained its freshness and fragrance‐ and am much oblige to all parties interested in getting it up. Remember me kindly to them, and tell Miss Matilda that I will try and send her one in return, in the spring, especially as she took so much pains to fix it for a Colonel. Tell her the complaint among the Commissioned Officers here is that the smiles are all bestowed on the men in ranks. Well they justly deserve them. I believe I was acting as Brigadier when I last wrote, Col. Hill has returned and I am done playing \"Big Indian\" but after a week's experience in that capacity I don't think it is as vexatious position as that of little Colonel.","Genl. Elzey came up from Centreville today. He is still complaining with rheumatism.  He does my Regiment the compliment to have his body guard detailed from it. He says the Baltimorians \u0026 Tennesseeans stole from him.  (Geddie Effinger my roommate has just come and give me a scolding about not having a good fire).  But I must tell you that I am in my \"shanty\". We moved in last night. You will see from the enclosed picture that it bears a striking resemblance to the habitations along the line of the rail‐road in Northern Georgia only it is a better building. My kitchen is not quite completed. I eat in my tent this morning with snow on it, this is as near a Valley Forge scene as I have yet experienced. The ground is covered with snow, but it is very slight and the first winter weather we have had yet. My men are nearly all in their huts. And now I must tell you something else in connection with our Winter Quarters. I was at Genl. E. K. Smith's House today (I will tell you why I went there directly) for some time. He told me that Genl. Johnston wanted us to remain at Centreville and it was some time before he could prevail upon him to let us come here, so you see we are among the \"favored few\".  I was at Centreville yesterday. Many Regiments are still in their tents \u0026 will probably be all winter.","Camp Giles Co. Va. \nNov  11th 1863","My Dear Sister‐ \nI have but time to write you that I am safe‐ have had a desperate fight. We fought four to one \u0026 were whipped very badly‐ looking for reinforcements‐ will start back tomorrow. My love to all‐ will write again soon. \nYour loving Bro James ","Camp Near Lewisburg \nDecember 3rd, 1863","My Dear Sister,  \nI rec'd your kind \u0026 affectionate letter some days ago and reply at my earliest opportunity. When we retreated to Giles Co. \u0026 started back to this point I left my desk \u0026 all my writing apparatuses behind \u0026 they did not get up until a week ago when I started on a flag of truce to the enemy \u0026 did not get back until last night. As I have been so long delayed in writing to you I suppose it is unnecessary to give you any detailed account of the late fight as you have I suppose seen several accounts in the papers. It was the hardest \u0026 most disastrous fight we have ever had in this portion of the country.","This Batt. \u0026 the 22nd Regt. bore the brunt of the fight. What our loss is I do not know, certainly very heavy though. It will be some gratification to you to know that I was highly complimented in Genl. Echols official report (for my conduct in the fight) to the War Dept, though it does not become me to speak of it to anyone but yourself \u0026 I desire that you  will not speak of it. I have just returned from a very pleasant \u0026 sociable visit to the Yankees. We were treated very kindly indeed. We remained with them three days \u0026 four nights had \"sure 'nuff\" coffee three times a day \u0026 everything good that any one could desire, egg‐nog \u0026 whiskey included. I send you a Yankee paper of as late a date as I could get. I got a letter from L. last night and found it waiting my return. She is well \u0026 \"all right\", does not give any satisfactory reasons for her long delay‐ but I suppose I will have to give her a slight lecture\u0026 forgive her. She inquired after you‐ says she heard you were going to her neighborhood Christmas‐ hopes you will. If you do, you must go to see her. Her Mother has been very ill this fall‐ still is so.","Everything is very dull here now. I have not been to see any ladies since the fight, expect to do so as soon as I can get some clothes washed. Has Lizzie Van Lear returned from Salem yet? When I got home last night I found an invitation from and Aunt of hers, Mrs. Alex Arbuckle to visit some ladies at her house‐ but I rec'd it too late to go. She is a very nice lady, has been very kind to us. When we retreated from here the Col. \u0026 I left some clothing at her house \u0026 the Yankees heard of it \u0026 went \u0026 searched the house \u0026 destroyed it together with a great deal of her clothing \u0026 of her family. I lost some valuable clothing but saved the most of what I had. I do not know when I will be able to get a leave of absence. I would like you to buy me some yarn and knit me a pair of suspenders if you will. Do not make them more than 1 ½ inches wide. I will come to see you all as soon as I can. Aunt Mint is mistaken about my not writing to them. I have written twice I think without a reply. I will write again tonight. Give my best love to all. My love to Kate Duck \u0026 all friends when you write again. Good bye.  \nYour Loving Bro \nJames ","After you have finished reading the Yankee paper send it to Uncle Jimmie ","Camp near Lewisburg \nJanuary 5th 1864 \n \nMy Dear Sister: \nI rec'd your letter together with the one you wrote for Uncle J. on Christmas day. I am sorry I was not able to spend Christmas with you all‐ have enjoyed myself tolerably well. ","Since I wrote you last we have been run again by the Yankees‐ retreated to Salt Sulphur Springs ahead of Averill  going in the direction of Salem. Into position on Sweet Springs Mt.  to fight him, but he heard of us being there \u0026 took another road‐ have come back near Lewisburg‐ 5 miles on the Union Road‐ are encamped in a miserable place‐ don't think it possible to supply ourselves here very long. I am anxious to see you all‐ don't know when I'll be able to come. May come last of the month‐ don't look for me though‐ don't feel very well today. If you have an opportunity to send my trunk key to Uncle J. do so \u0026 if you don't have one send it in a letter. I will have to go there \u0026 get some clothes before I come to Salem. Love to all. Excuse me‐ have the Blues \nYours devotionally \nJames","Staunton Va. \nMay 19th 1864","My Dear Sister, \nWe are here waiting to get on the cars. Will leave here this evening for [left blank by Hardin]. Gen. Lee's army I think. We are nearly worn out entirely‐ have been on the march for ten or fifteen days. The news from all quarters is glorious‐ hope it may continue. Give my best to all. I will write again very soon. Good Bye.  \nYour most devoted Brother, \nJames ","Head Qrs. 23rd Va. Batt. \nMay 26, 1864","My Dear Sister: \nI write you to let you know that I am still \"right side up with care\". No fighting today- have had nothing but skirmishing since we have been here. We are just as sure to whip Grant if he attacks us here as the sun will shine tomorrow. We have plenty of men \u0026 they are in fine spirits. Do not be uneasy about me if you do not hear from me often. I have no means very seldom of writing. If I am hurt you will hear of it very soon. \nYours devotedly, \nJames \nMy best love to all","Camp near the Chickahominy \nOld Battlefield of Gaines Mill \nJune 4th, 1864","My Dear Sister \nWe had a heavy fight yesterday \u0026 repulsed the enemy at all points with heavy loss- our loss comparatively small. The enemy overpowered the left of our Brigade \u0026 had possession of their works for a short time but were soon driven from them with great slaughter. I have lost several friends- one very dear. One Capt. J. K. Thompson 22nd Regt. it is feared mortally wounded. A more gallant boy and a better friend never lived. I loved him as a brother. I want to see him but am very sick. We were relived in the trenches last night after 10 days very hard service. I am still not with my command but if I get any worse I shall be compelled to go to the rear. Tell Sam Barber that Lt. Donaldson is captured. Lt. Arnold killed and a good many of the Ka. Riflemen wounded captured. Adjt. Craig killed. Col. Edgar bayonet wound in shoulder- slight. We are in good spirits \u0026 determined to whip Grant. Have no fears. Write to Uncle J. I am safe. Pray for men- all the Adjt. in the Brigade are either killed or wounded except me. My time may come next. Best love to all. Good Bye. \nYour loving Bro. \nJames","Near Strasburg Va \nJuly 22nd 1864","My Dear Sister:  \nI wrote you a few days ago by private hands from near Snickers Ferry but will write you again now. We got here this morning from Middletown and have been in line of battle all day awaiting the approach of the enemy who have been pursuing us ever since we left the Potomac‐ but they ceased today. I thought this morning that we would have a battle today. They were following us all day yesterday \u0026 drove  in our pickets last night about 10 o'Clock and but from some cause they have stopped. They are reported to be in very heavy force \u0026 moving up in several different columns. They have been rather getting the better of us since we left the Potomac. They have captured a few portion of our wagon train several times and day before yesterday routed Ramseur's Division by bad management on his part. He lost between 4 and 600 men‐ Jim [Ba‐‐‐] was slightly wounded in the shoulder by a spent ball. He was to see me yesterday‐ said he was going back to duty yesterday evening. Gen. Lilley (Bob) was wounded \u0026 captured. This took place two miles below Winchester. Our Division was not on that road. I am much in hopes we will go on back up the Valley and take some rest and get something to eat for I am worn out and half starved for something that is fit to eat. I feel no interest in anything except just so far as I am personally concerned. I am dispirited. I have changed shirts but once since I left Staunton \u0026 some garments I haven't changed at all. I have but one change along but and they are dirty \u0026 I can neither get the chance nor time to get them washed. With all these afflictions I cannot say that I feel well‐ but still I am not sick for I am much better off than a great many others. ","We have a report here that Grant is dead‐ hope it may be so‐ but I fear it isn't. I am very anxious to see some papers \u0026 the news. ","Did you get my letter to you from Harrisonburg? I wrote to you from there and asked an old Gentleman standing on the street to mail it for me which he promised to do. This is a gloomy evening‐ just suits my feelings. Write me at once a long letter about everything. Give me the news. Tell me about everything and everybody. I hope we will soon get back up the Valley when I will try \u0026 come see you. We may more any way though. There is no telling. Give my very best to all. Tell Effie that I understand \"Uncle Davy Jamison\" is along with this army \u0026 I am on the look out for him. Write me very soon. May  God ever Bless you and the kind friends of Mt. Solon will ever be the prayer of \nYour devoted Brother, \nJames‐","Direct to 23 Va. Battalion, Echols' Brigade, Breckinridge's Div., Army of the Valley  \n(I have no stamps\u0026 it is impossible to get any here) ","[letter continues on the top of Page 1] \nIf we fight the enemy here or anywhere be assured they will get licked. We had a fight with them at Snickers Ferry on the 18th \u0026 whipped them badly. Our loss as heavy as theirs‐ Rode's Div. done the principal fighting.  ","Near Martinsburg Va.  \nJuly 27, 1864","My Dear Sister, \nGod has again made us victorious. The day after the fight I wrote you from Strasburg we moved down and attacked the enemy about 7 miles above Winchester and completely routed him. We from them with infantry and Artillery some two or three miles this side of Winchester when night came on \u0026 we (the Infantry) halted \u0026 the Cavalry pursued them much farther. The next day we remained in camp (waiting for rations) until about 4 o'clock, when we moved down \u0026 camped near Bunkers Hill \u0026 yesterday moved to this place. The enemy largely outnumbered us but we whipped them with the greatest greatest ease routing him. They burned a large number of their wagons‐ say 75‐ \u0026 blew up some caissons threw away a large number of arms, knapsacks \u0026 haversacks \u0026 everything that would impede this progress. Gen. Mulligan was mortally wounded \u0026 fell into our hands. Our loss was very slight‐ also that of the enemy. They came here \u0026 retreated towards Williamsport.","I am beginning to think that there certainly must be some Providential interference in regard to myself or perhaps it may be the prayers of my friends. I feel that there is certainly something‐ I cannot (lead?) a charmed life? I have felt this more strongly the other day than ever before. Perhaps it was because I realized my situation more fully than before.","Where we will go from here I cannot tell. There are several conjectures‐ among them are 1st that we will go on a trip to the North West by the way of Cumberland, Md. to Wheeling. 2nd that we will make the trip without crossing the river. 3rd that we will go back up the valley. I am in favor of some place where rest can be found‐ but if we can do anything by taking the trip to N.W. Va. I am in as long as I am able to put one foot before the other. I feel bully today. I am full up to the guzzle for once. We have had hard times in the eating line in the last ten days. I have drank so much coffee today that I am so nervous I can scarcely write. Being full of coffee \u0026 bread \u0026 meat I now long for some good smoking tobacco which is as scarce as hens teeth down here and scarcer too. I have some Yankee letters for your perusal. If we do will send them to you if I have an opportunity. Will send you a sample in this. She is a good writer but I think is flirting with him. I also send a picture which I think is hers‐ am not sure for there were several pictures captured together‐ but she speaks in one of the letters of a recent date of sending a picture to him \u0026 as this was the newest looking one of the lot, I take it for hers. Isn't she loving‐?  Derrick got a letter in which I got a message from Mrs. Lewis that Jimmy Sprout, Ginny's oldest boy died a week ago. All this you have heard. I am anxious for a letter from you. Write often twice a week. I may get them. Give my best love to all. Pray for me and be a good Christian May that God will ever bless you and the dear friends in Solon is the heartfelt devoted desire of my heart.  \nEver my precious sister  \nYour devoted Bro, \nJames ","[end of letter continues on tops of other pages] \nI want a Junebug or Dulcinea. The wounded of the last has healed. The bullet is still there. My heart is lonely. I have \"no one to love me‐ none to caress\". Col. [Barton?] speaks of going to Mt. Solon shortly. If he does will write by him. Remember me very kindly to \"Bro. Sam\". ","[On back of envelope]  \nI have no stamps. Saw Mr. Brown \u0026 Geo. G. the day before yesterday. They were well. M. is with his Co. ","Near Winchester, Va. \nAug 18th 1864","My Dear Sister; \nAgain we are on the move forward down the Valley. We marched from Strasburg here yesterday \u0026 attacked the enemy here \u0026 drove him beyond the town. They fell back from our front at Strasburg night before last‐ caused by a flank movement of Gen. Anderson with two Divs. of Longstreet's Corps \u0026 Fitz‐Lee's Cav. Div. We fought here only a Brig. of Infantry \u0026 a large force of Cav. , their main force having gone towards Berryville. They certainly have a very large force‐ say 35 or 40 thousand.  Our loss here heavy in comparison to that of the enemy. I lost my Sergt. Major badly wounded leg amputated. The fifth one I have had since I have been with this Battl. I again have great cause to thank God that I am again spared. Pray for me still. I suppose we will move on towards Martinsburg again \u0026 may cross the river \"if we can\". ","I would like to send you some money to \"splurge on\" if I have an opportunity. If you can get it then do so \u0026 when I come I will give or send it to you by the first opportunity. I don't want you to sit down in Mt. Solon \u0026 nurse your hands. I want you fly around \u0026 enjoy yourself with your associates. While they are taking pleasure excursions, I don't want you to remain behind. For funds as long as I have any I have plenty for you to enjoy yourself with. I want you to see something of the world. Be very choise[sic] of your associates, both ladies and gents‐ especially the latter‐ avoid forward nor too intimate on short acquaintance, rather be hard to cultivate‐ don't show your likes or dislikes too much, cover them as much as possible‐ altogether if you [can]. I have not time to answer your last letter. I wrote Mr. Paul to get me a n‐‐‐‐‐. I hope he will. I am greatly in need of one. I have no further news to write you now. Go to see Maj. Yancey if you can and enjoy yourself. Visit all you can so it ain't too much. I don't know the name of the girl that wrote the letters more than \"Recca\" or \"Pet\". The feller's name is Cassius L. Mather 23rd O.R. I don't think he was killed. Give my best love to all, write me very often. Write long letters. The reason I want the small pistol sent to Uncle J. is that he asked me to leave one of them with him. He has the large one now \u0026 will keep it until I can get a belt. Good bye my dear sister. May God Bless you. Pray for me. \nYour devoted Bro.  \nJames","Camp 6 miles below W.Chester [Winchester] \nSept. 14th, 1864","My Dear Sister, \nI have been looking for more than a week for a letter from both you \u0026 Mr. Paul but have not re'ced either. What has he done about getting me a boy. I am here with no one to do anything for me- living worse than a negro. The man that I had to cook a little for me was discharged today \u0026 I am in a sweet fix. Ask Uncle Paul to get me anyone he can for any price for a short time. I must have some body or I'll leave here. I am not well- haven't been for more than a week, suffering dreadfully with rheumatism \u0026 headache. Ask Uncle Paul for God sake to get me someone and start him right off. I am dirty filthy lousy \u0026 sick. Got no clothes, no nothing. \nWrite me at once. \nYour affect. Bro \nJames","Officer's Prison Fort Delaware \nSept. 30th, 1864","My Darling Sister, \nI can imagine what your anxiety for me has been and hasten to avail myself of the only opportunity (and I fear an uncertain one). I have to inform you of my whereabouts and safety. I hope though that you have gotten one at least of the four or five letters I wrote and left in Va. to be sent to you. I was brought here on 27th inst. in company with the 184 other officers from our army- 125 of which were captured the same time I was and belonging mostly to our Div. Our Brigade being left back to support the Cav. was entirely cut off and surrounded and nothing was left us but to surrender. It might have been worse and I thank God it is not.  Write me about my horse. Tell Mr. Paul that I would like to have the name of some of his friends here (in the North) to whom I can apply for pecuniary assistance. I write to him today. I would like for any of our friends to do me a like favor. I am well. Give my best love to all my friends \u0026 relatives. Write me very soon and be sure to give me the name of some one to whom I can look for assistance. I will give more instructions in Mr. P's letter. \nYour devoted Brother \nJames","Direct to: \nAdjt. J. A. H. \nPrisoner of War, 23rd Batt. Va. Inftry. \nDiv. No. 33 Fort Delaware, Del. \nVia Flag of truce","Officers Prison, Fort Delaware \nNovember 1st, 1864","My darling Sister: \nAnother week has gone and still no tidings from you. O Heavens the anxiety of suspense! I cannot estimate what a letter from you would be worth to me now. You certainly have rece'd one or more of the letters I have written you from here and I cannot see why it is I have not rece'd at least one from you if you followed my directions. As I told you in my last I will try to make it convenient to write once a week. You write at least that. Adjt. [Sydenstricker] who left here shortly after we got here for exchange promised to write you all about me from Richmond. Also Col. Edgar \u0026 Capt. Marshall who left only a few days ago. Answer all of my questions in my former letters in two or three successive letters so that I may be more likely to see them. Don't forget my horse and the references. I am still enjoying good health and doing as well generally as could be expected under the circumstances. I have found several persons in the month who have befriended me. Write me often. Give my best love to all in Mt. Solon, also to Miss N - at Churchville- also Uncle J. \u0026 family. Jim Burn is here as well- so is John Hanna. Good bye. I sent you some stamps in my last. May God Bless you my dear darling sister. \nEver your devoted Bro","Officer's Prison, Fort Delaware \nNovember 9th 1864","My precious Sister: \nI certainly expected to get a reply to some of my former letters by the last flag of truce boat - but was again disappointed. Why is this? Certainly you have written? I have written you some four or five letters from here - three in as many weeks- but not one word have I heard to quiet my anxiety- which is very great. I do not know why it is- others receive letters from the South- why wouldn't I? Write me every few days until I hear from you \u0026 as I told you in some of my former letters, if you cannot get U.S. postage stamps enclose to Col. Ould \u0026 I can pay it here- but get them if you can. Perhaps Mrs. Mary Lewis (was McFarland) can inform you how to obtain them. Don't fail to send me the names of those to whom I can apply for assistance. I explained all this in my former letters. Tell me about my horse, etc. Have inserted in Rich. [?], requesting New York Daily News to copy, a personal for me, giving me the information I want. Get the address I want from Uncle Jimmy \u0026 Uncle Paul or if they cannot give them, they can probably get some one to do it who can. Maj. McCue for instance. They can insert a personal as above to the parties requesting them to supply me. Make use of every expedient to let me hear from you. I am nearly crazy to do as I think Uncle Jimmy \u0026 Uncle Paul can certainly give me the information so badly needed. Be sure to write often. I shall be utterly miserable until I hear from you. Give my best love to all in Solon \u0026 at Uncle J's \u0026 all enquiring friends. Jim [Burns or Beam?] is here \u0026 well. Write to Mollie. Jim McFarland also here \u0026 well. Have you rece'd my letters from Winchester? May God Bless you ever, my darling sister. \nYour ever devoted Bro. \nJames","Walnut Grove \nTuesday morning","My darling Sister: \nIt was my intention to start to see you today but both Uncle Jimmy \u0026 Aunt Mint think it best for me to remain and not undertake the trip too soon. As you may suppose I am very weak \u0026 could not so all the way to Mt. Solon in one day if I were to start now. My health is tolerable. Rest assured that I will come just as soon as possible. My anxiety to see you cannot be expressed. Give my best love to all. I arrived here Saturday night. I send this by Mr. Goodman who goes to Staunton after his daughter. Good Bye until we meet up- will I hope be very soon. \nYour fond \u0026 devoted Bro. \nJames"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames A. Harden papers, 1860-1866. MS-0476. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["James A. Harden papers, 1860-1866. MS-0476. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the collection consists of letters written by James A. Harden to his sister, covering wartime events experienced by his unit as well as his time at Ft. Delaware, Delaware. The collection also includes one letter (dated June 6, 1861) written while Harden was at VMI and other items.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards arrival at VMI and daily life as a cadet.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Camp at Fairfax Station, Virginia. Letter discusses the importance of military schools that \"will serve as a nucleus around which to build up a Southern Army.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Camp at Rich Hill on Big Sewell Mountain,\" Virginia. Letter regards daily life in the 36th Virginia Infantry Regiment, including troop movements and enemy locations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Camp near Manassas,\" Virginia. Letter regards daily life in camp.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from camp in Giles County, Virginia. Note explains that they have \"had a desperate fight. We fought four to one \u0026amp; were whipped very badly-looking for reinforcements.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from camp near Lewisburg, West Virginia. Letter regards heavy losses in battle, a \"visit to the Yankees,\" and family news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Camp near Lewisburg.\" Letter regards troop movements to avoid the enemy, James A. Harden's health, and a potential visit at the end of the month.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Staunton, Virginia. Letter regards troop movement to meet General Robert E. Lee's army.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from headquarters, 23rd Virginia Battalion. Letter mentions that James A. Harden is \"right side up with care\" and that they \"have plenty of men \u0026amp; they are in fine spirits.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Camp near the Chickahominy, Old Battlefield of Gaines Mill,\" Virginia.  Letter describes the Battle of Cold Harbor, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from near Strasburg, Virginia. Letter regards a fight at Snickers Ferry, Virginia on July 18, 1864 and a decline in mood.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"near\" Martinsburg, Virginia. Letter regards current troop movements, engagement with the enemy, and personal matters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"near\" Winchester, Virginia. Letter regards recent engagement with the enemy, desire to send money home, and personal matters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from camp \"6 miles below Winchester,\" Virginia. Letter regards loss of a cook and James A. Harden's poor health.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Officer's Prison Fort Delaware,\" Delaware. Letter regards capture and transfer to Fort Delaware.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Officer's Prison Fort Delaware,\" Delaware. Letter regards life in prison and health.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Officer's Prison Fort Delaware,\" Delaware. Letter regards disappointment in not receiving letters from family and family matters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Walnut Grove. Letter regards release from Fort Delaware, Delaware and the hope to travel home soon.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter confirms that James A. Harden is a prisoner at Fort Delaware, Deleware.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The bulk of the collection consists of letters written by James A. Harden to his sister, covering wartime events experienced by his unit as well as his time at Ft. Delaware, Delaware. The collection also includes one letter (dated June 6, 1861) written while Harden was at VMI and other items.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards arrival at VMI and daily life as a cadet.","Written from Camp at Fairfax Station, Virginia. Letter discusses the importance of military schools that \"will serve as a nucleus around which to build up a Southern Army.\"","Written from \"Camp at Rich Hill on Big Sewell Mountain,\" Virginia. Letter regards daily life in the 36th Virginia Infantry Regiment, including troop movements and enemy locations.","Written from \"Camp near Manassas,\" Virginia. Letter regards daily life in camp.","Written from camp in Giles County, Virginia. Note explains that they have \"had a desperate fight. We fought four to one \u0026 were whipped very badly-looking for reinforcements.\"","Written from camp near Lewisburg, West Virginia. Letter regards heavy losses in battle, a \"visit to the Yankees,\" and family news.","Written from \"Camp near Lewisburg.\" Letter regards troop movements to avoid the enemy, James A. Harden's health, and a potential visit at the end of the month.","Written from Staunton, Virginia. Letter regards troop movement to meet General Robert E. Lee's army.","Written from headquarters, 23rd Virginia Battalion. Letter mentions that James A. Harden is \"right side up with care\" and that they \"have plenty of men \u0026 they are in fine spirits.\"","Written from \"Camp near the Chickahominy, Old Battlefield of Gaines Mill,\" Virginia.  Letter describes the Battle of Cold Harbor, Virginia.","Written from near Strasburg, Virginia. Letter regards a fight at Snickers Ferry, Virginia on July 18, 1864 and a decline in mood.","Written from \"near\" Martinsburg, Virginia. Letter regards current troop movements, engagement with the enemy, and personal matters.","Written from \"near\" Winchester, Virginia. Letter regards recent engagement with the enemy, desire to send money home, and personal matters.","Written from camp \"6 miles below Winchester,\" Virginia. Letter regards loss of a cook and James A. Harden's poor health.","Written from \"Officer's Prison Fort Delaware,\" Delaware. Letter regards capture and transfer to Fort Delaware.","Written from \"Officer's Prison Fort Delaware,\" Delaware. Letter regards life in prison and health.","Written from \"Officer's Prison Fort Delaware,\" Delaware. Letter regards disappointment in not receiving letters from family and family matters.","Written from Walnut Grove. Letter regards release from Fort Delaware, Delaware and the hope to travel home soon.","Letter confirms that James A. Harden is a prisoner at Fort Delaware, Deleware."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_81f984174fa2507dfcea3bda3e994bec\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Harden, James A. (James Abel), 1841-1927","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Harden, James A. (James Abel), 1841-1927","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":25,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:09:40.745Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_556"}},{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_609","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Johnson Family papers","creator":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_609#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Johnson, Porter, 1845-1917","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_609#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of 26 letters, bulk 1862-1865, from Mortimer Howell Johnson and his son Porter to members of their immediate family. The Johnson Family, originally from West Virginia, moved to Brownsburg in Rockbridge County, Virginia, although they maintained close ties to their former home. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_609#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_609","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_609","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_609","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_609","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_609.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vmi/vilxv00024.xml","title_ssm":["Johnson Family papers"],"title_tesim":["Johnson Family papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1858-1865"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1858-1865"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0341","/repositories/3/resources/609"],"text":["MS.0341","/repositories/3/resources/609","Johnson Family papers","West Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia Military Institute -- Cadet life -- 1861-1865","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1867","New Market Cadets","Virginia Military Institute—Civil War, 1861-1865","Fredericksburg (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Fredericksburg (Va.), Battle of, 1862","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Home life","Railroads -- Virginia -- Siege, 1863","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1860-1869","Correspondence","There are no restrictions.","The Johnson Family papers are available online","Mortimer Howell Johnson (1815-1889), a lawyer, was born at Bridgeport, Harrison County, West Virginia in 1815. He married Eliza Dulaney Kemble, born in Kingwood, Preston County, West Virginia. The Johnson Family resided in Brownsburg, Rockbridge County, Virginia at beginning of the Civil War, and Mortimer enlisted in April 1864 (at age 48) in the Rockbridge Senior Reserves. He was described as having a dark complexion, dark hair and eyes, and 5 foot 6 inches tall. He died on December 13, 1889 in Charleston, West Virginia and is buried at the High Bridge Presbyterian Church cemetery, Rockbridge County, Virginia. He was the father of Porter Johnson, VMI Class of 1867.","Porter Johnson (1845-1917) was born in 1845 in Taylor County, West Virginia. He matriculated at VMI on September 1, 1863 and was a cadet private at the Battle of New Market on May 15, 1864. Porter resigned from Corps of Cadets on March 6, 1865 and joined the 8th Confederate Battalion commanded by Colonel Garnett Andrews. He was captured at Salisbury, North Carolina on April 12, 1865 and imprisoned, and was paroled June 13, 1865. He returned to Rockbridge County where he was a farmer. He died on June 9, 1917.","Richmond, Feby 10 58","Dear Leake  \nI received your letter this morning and was glad to hear that you are well and that you have made up your mind to be a good boy and learn to read and write, so that when I am away from home you can write to me for yourself. It would afford me great pleasure to see you and to have you here with me. It would please you very much to see the big brass horse on the Washington \nmonument. But Leake, if you will be a good boy and learn your book and acquire a great deal of information and knowledge, you can come down here yourself some day and see Richmond and all the sights that are worth seeing here. The legislature is working very slow and not doingmuch good for the country. The House is not in session yet this morning. At 8 o'clock I left my boarding house came by the Post Office and barber shop at half past 9 in the house and engaged in writing this letter to you. The house meets at 11 o'clock and adjourns about 3 o'clock, so that we get dinner at half past 3. Sometimes the house does not adjourn until later. You set down in the house with a comfortable cushioned chair to sit upon, a desk before you to write upon and it frequently happens that while a member thinks he is making a very fine speech, one half the members are engaged in writing letters or reading newspapers. I suppose you have heard of the fight that happened in Congress last Saturday. It was disgraceful to the Nation andthe men that were engaged in it are heartily ashamed of it. You are the first that mentioned Katy in your letters. I had almost forgotten her. How is Sam Burdett and the rest of the boys or have you been so close at home that you have not seen them. I want you above all things Leake to be kind to others. How would you like to deny yourself at table and refuse to eat, until you see all the rest comfortably seated. This would be true politeness, \nand you would soon learn to be happy in seeing others happy. This would soon afford you a great pleasure, and you would then learn to \"do unto others as you would have others do unto you.\" Hoping to hear form you soon. I remain ","Truly yours  \nM. H. Johnson","Brownsburg, Rockbridge Virginia February 2, 1862 C.W. Newlon, Esq","Dear Sir Expecting you home in a few days. I have concluded to write to you again upon the subject of impressments and praying that something may be done, and that promptly to arrest the distillation of grain. Corn is now $1.12 and it would not surprise me if it reached $2.00 per bushel before the 1st of April. Ten barrels of whiskey were sold in this county a few days since at the almost fabulous price of three dollars per gal. If these prices are demanded and obtained for new liquor fresh from the still what is to \nprevent corn from being advanced before October to $5.00 per bu. Self preservation is the 1st law of nature and why should not that law apply to nations as well as to individuals. What will be our condition should the enemy push their raids so far into the interior as to destroy our railroad connections. If we expect to maintain our position, our stores of subsistence should be preserved. The North expected to starve us out when the war commenced. All that recognize a superintending providence had \ncause to thank the giver of daily bread last year for our unusually heavy crop of all kinds of grain. It was every where considered as an evidence that the Lord was on our side. Grant that it was so will he continue to be if we abuse his choicest favors-- if we convert ourselves into a nation of extortioners and have for our soldiers an army of drunkards. Grant as some contend that liquor is necessary for the soldiers should not a limit be placed upon the price of it . Liquor for which 3 dollars per gal is paid after running the blockade of the camp is frequently sold to the soldier at the high price of from one to five dollars per pint. If it is \nnecessary for the soldier it should be added to his rations and handed out under proper rules and regulations and every other person detected in smuggling liquor into the camp should be summarily and severely punished. Upon the summits of the Alleghaneys Gen. Johnson does not think it necessary to the health of the soldier and has with great diligence prevented its introduction to his camp. From what I can learn he has emptied of their contents more than fifty barrels in the last few weeks. This is seizing the bull by the horns . He is not tainted with that miserable fastidious delicacy of sentiment that is fearful of hurting somebody's feelings. He is entrusted with the defense of one of the important passes into the valley of Virginia and with a moral heroism equal to his fierce courage in the hours of conflict with the enemy he does not stop to inquire whether\nany body is hurt. How are the people of the valley who remain at home acting towards the heroic defenders of the Alleghany but for whose \nindomitable courage in repulsing an overwhelming body of the enemy the valley would now be overrun by marauding hordes of black Republican soldiers. While these brave men are enduring the rigors of a climate at an elevation where snow, rain or hail is an every day occurrence these that remain at home are engaged in all kinds of speculation. Every lb of butter though produced in unusually huge quantities is retailed to the soldiers at fifty cents per lb \u0026 c.","Staunton, Sept. 20th, 1862","My Dear Wife It is possible that some ladies will leave here in a few days for Upshur County. I avail myself of the opportunity to inform you so far we are all well though there is and has been a great deal of sickness all over of this country. The girls are now boarding at a very good house in Brownsburg. The family not wanting help [Alcinda] is at Mr. Newlons. Porter and I left Brownsburg the last of September for the Mountains. We were one day too late to go with [Jenkins] or we might have attempted to get home. Porter has gone down the Valley towards Winchester and I shall start down today and fall in with him. We shall go as far as Maryland thence to Faquier and probably Rappahannock. I saw Gen Johnson a few days since, he was in good health and spirits. I have not heard from Philander for some time but \nsuppose that he is well. W. P. Kemble is still at Clarksville, Mecklenburg Co., Va. W. E. Kimble is at Richmond and well. He sent me 250 dollars. [Benton] sent me 250 dollars some time since. I received a letter from [Benton]- also one from Porter a few days since. They have both gone to Missouri to assist in organizing the troops in that State. Events are transpiring so rapidly at the present time that I should suppose both would tire of death and carnage. If the tide of war does not bring us home this fall I scarcely know what course to ask you to pursue. If you could bring sufficient with you to go to house keeping and meat to eat and other small articles there would be no difficulty in procuring a house in any part of the country, but it is almost impossible to procure any thing at this time in this country. Bacon is fifty cents sugar 80, coffee 2.00. -- calico 1.50 \nper yd., \u0026 c. But you have doubtly seen the prices of articles south in the Northern papers. I have not received a line from you since May. I saw young Cochran a few days since, he said he had seen you somewhere before he left, but did not speak to you. It was a satisfaction to know that you were well. I do not now know whether you have received any of my letters written with regard to the suits brought against me, therefore I repeat here what I have said in all my letters -- to pay no attention to their suits and do not \ntrouble yourself as to what disposition is made of the property- simply preserve all my books and papers. If you can get any thing from [T___] or Potts, do so, receipting to them for what you get. The girls are well pleased at the house they are now boarding at. The refugee families are all well. I do not know who of our soldiers have been killed in the fights at Manassas, Harpers Ferry, and in Maryland, but think the Taylor boys have escaped. Give my love to Leake and tell him for me to keep at his books.  \nBelieve me truly yours  \nM H Johnson","Porter has been anxious to go into the army this winter and I have half promised him that could he get to see you again he might go. He feels mortified at his present position and he is ambitious to take some part in the war. His idea is that a man has but one time to die and that a few years more or less will not make any difference. He says that he is able to carry a musket and that if he\ndoes not raise his arm in defence of his country under existing circumstances he shall never feel like asking a Southern woman to marry him and that a northern woman he would not have under any circumstances. George Armstrong was at Brownsburg when I left. He had come down on a visit. He is able to walk with the use of one crutch. He\nis conditionally true to his engagement . If what he shall have heard about be true of her joining in the reception at Grafton of the Yankee invaders he will suffer his other leg to be crippled and both arms torn from his body before he would have her or any other woman that by act of courtesy received a yankee favorably. George is a brave man, he is true to his country, and true to his love\nprovided she has been true to herself. I approve his course. I detest with intense hatred the time serving policy pursued in our country and I told Mr. [Ceplin] very frankly that it was with reluctance that I gave my hand to a man who was in the habit of shaking hands with the Yankees or what is worse the Union men of NW Virginia and I do not think I am an exception. Tho I have mentioned to you the sickness here, do not give yourself any uneasiness about it. Mr. Newlon promised that if Alcinda or her child gets sick, that he will take care of them. As we have been favored so far I still trust to Providence to preserve\nus in future. The girls are at a good house and should they get sick are in good hands- - Fanny is very careful they have all been using preventives so be of good cheer and do not get out of heart. Philander is well though I have not seen him for about a year. Porter and I went to Winchester, stayed in the Army ten days, but Philander was absent. We passed him as we went down the Valley and did not know. The fences are burned, this makes the road wide. To be relieved of the dust we were frequently 50 yards\nfrom the road. Philander has charge of about 100 wagons and was going to Rockingham for corn, thus we missed him. I suppose he gets about 100 dollars per month. I do not think he is drinking in fact he has not been. Porter I suppose will go the Army to see him. Say to Mr. Gawthrop that his son is well. He has been detailed as a butcher at $50 per month. William Sharps is his assistant. Saml\nTucker was seriously wounded at the battle of Manassas, but it is thought will recover. Uriah has recovered from his wound and is again in the Army. Jac is not yet able to go in the Army but is at the hospital taking care of Saml. H. Mahany and John are well, also the two Robinsons and James Boyd. I received a letter from Brother Porter and one from Thomas written the 27th of August, I have not heard since. They were well at that time. I do not think they were in the battle of Corinth as they had been sent on other service at that time. Porter expressed a desire that his family should be on this side of the line - his principle fear was that Tell might be made to swear he does not wish him to take an oath on any account. If there is no danger of Tell being sworn probably they had better stay where they are. W.P. Goff must be informed that he will be held personally responsible should he on any account permit or not prevent the administering of any of them oaths to Tell. Porter also swears by all that is sacred that he will hold some men in Clarksburg responsible for any indignity that may be offered to Father in any way, shape or form. Tell Emily that I try to keep Porter apprized that she is well \u0026 c. I have just seen a young man from Clarksburg and I shall write to\nPorter in the morning. I again repeat my advice to Father to quit business, have no cattle or other goods, convert everything into gold at even 40 percent and bury it, and put no tombstone to its grave. Give my love to Leake, tell him to be a good boy to attend to his book and say his lessons to you. I do not want him sent to school. I would not have him taught by anyone I know save yourself. I do not want him to associate with the children of the Union people in your section of the State. Tell Leake that Porter and I have slept out of doors a good many nights. We do this sooner than ask people to keep us all night, it is nothing to be refused a lodging for the night for love or money-- still there are some clever people. I have but one motto that is to \"run with patience the race set before,\" this I intend to do. So be of good cheer and do not despair. \nTruly yours, \nM. H. Johnson \nSince writing Mr. C. has been looking over his letters and [shares] the enclosed note from Miss Armstrong. W.P. Kimble is well, he is at Clarksville, Mecklenburg County Virginia. I loaned to Henry C Middleton fifty dollars when I was at the oil wells. Write him a note to send you the money, say to him that you are in need of it. To your friends buying in and hold for redemption such articles\nas you need I have no objection, but things that you do not need and than can be replaced let them go---","Monday Evening \nMy Dear Wife \nI write you this note to let you know that I arrived here safely last evening. I do not look for Porter and Bradford for several days. The roads are very much cut up and I expect they will have a hard time. I started Dick to meet them, but he may miss them entirely. Our loss in the fighting that has taken place is 1742 in killed and wounded. Our dead have been buried. The Yankee dead remain\nunburied. The field of battle is still in dispute. The Yankees have not asked the privilege of burying their dead and we cannot [venture] to do it. Ours were carried off during the fight. We occupied the best position and think the enemy loss 5 to our one. I have just been to take a look at the Yankee Army. They are drawn up in line of battle, but as it is now 4 o'clock we do not think\nthere will be a fight today. The principal fight was on Friday--though in sight we feel secure. My back is better though I am yet suffering. I was offered 200 dollars for the wagon and 2 sets harness, but could get no transportation at Staunton for our load. I am writing on a moments notice so excuse this hasty note. We are 10 miles from the office----","Thursday morning \nMy Dear Wife \nPorter and Bradford have not arrived yet--but unless I write today you will not hear from me until next week. This may reach you on Saturday and even [now] I must write very hastily. The loss of the abolitionists in the last battle near Fredericksburg was greater than we at first supposed. They are again on the other side of the River. I spent yesterday afternoon in going over a portion of the battle field near or adjoining the City. On the portion of the field I visited there were at least 500 dead. Under a flag of truce they were burying their dead but doing it in a very careless manner. Unless they worked last night they cannot get through before sometime today. After going through Fredericksburg and seeing the results of their vandalism I felt no sympathy for their justly merited fate. Scattered books, broken [----], furniture of all kinds and every description carried into the streets and broken to pieces. Our own loss is narrowed down to less than 400 killed and less than a thousand wounded, while the loss of the enemy cannot be less than 2000 killed and from 10 to 20 thousand wounded and missing. All who have visited the ground concur in the opinion that the dead\nare thicker upon the ground than any [field] they have seen. One could have walked for 400 yds upon the dead. This was close up to the houses reaching back 400 yds to a stone wall. Burnsides is considered a fool for making the attack, as from his camp he could see our position and defenses. Our army could have withstood an attack by 400 thousand men. Our victory was complete. I have not yet seen any Yankee account of the battle. There was some conversation on yesterday between our men and the men\ndetailed to bury the dead. They all agreed that their defeat was a terrible one. A physician told Judge G. that he thought this [------] would certainly satisfy the North. We lost [260] as prisoners who were exchanged on yesterday. We have besides about 1000 prisoners who will be paroled but you will get the news from the papers before this reaches you. All is quiet this morning. Write to me and let me know how you are getting along. Write at least twice a week as in that way probably one of the letters might reach me. Give my love to the children and believe me truly yours, \nMHJ \nPS. The 25th and 31st were not engaged. I have not seen Philander he is 12 miles distant.","Camp Fredericksburg  \nDec. 25th 1862 \nMy Dear Wife \nI should like this morning to be with you very much but as that cannot be the best I can do is to write you and let you know how\nglad I would be were it so. Days and weeks seem to me much longer now than they were before your arrival, before I could not be with you if I would; now I might were it not that I would have to give up a situation in order to gratify my wishes and my feelings. I have not heard from you since I left, but hope that you are all well and getting along well. The weather here has been much colder than the spell was at Brownsburg while I was there. From all we can gather from the Northern papers their defeat was much greater than we supposed immediately after the battle. One of their correspondents estimates 3000 wounded in one of their divisions and that the wounded are in our hands. This is not so. Their number of dead is greater than their estimate. Many of the southern Regts take no prisoners especially the Louisianians - who are determined to have revenge for the outrages of Butler and his troops -. One can form but a faint idea of the horrors of a battle field without an actual inspection upon the ground. I can assure you I should feel rejoice if the war could close without such another scene as we have witnessed here - but if our foes will not cease the War which it is in their power to do then I hope that every conflict will result as favorable to us as this great fight at Fredericksburg. Porter went to see Philander and took to him the little things you had sent to him. He needs two flannel shirts also his hat. Hopes to be able to go and see you before a great while. Jackson's Army is about 20 miles from our camp. Porter carried Mr. Rapps package and boots to him, but learned that he had been wounded and taken to Lynchburg - this I suppose is no news at Brownsburg by this time. Ask what shall be done with what was sent to him. When I wrote you last my information was that the \n31st and 25th were not engaged but this was not correct. I do not know how many were wounded or killed in either but do not think the loss was great. We have a very fine band in the same field we are in. Last night among others they played \"Old Dog Tray.\" It made me think of Carlo and your description of his faithfulness. There seems to be no gloom or dreariness of thought among our soldiers so far as\nmy observation extends. All seem cheerful and gay. The dead are buried - the wounded and sick sent off - so that the well alone \nare left. Victory inspires confidence and certainly a great victory has attended our armies and what is more the North feels and\n[ ---- ] it. When Mr. Newlon goes to Richmond let him renew our subscription to the Examiner for six months or if you prefer some other paper. Let him subscribe to the paper you prefer. Porter did not arrive here until the dead were buried so that he missed a sight. I have very much desired he should see under the hope it would lessen his desire to join the army before he is 18. Our lead was too much for the bad team we had. I left 2 barrels of apples and 65 lbs butter at Staunton. Porter afterwards left 2 barrels at Waynesboro -- arriving here with 3 2/3 bls of apples and part of his butter. The expenses of the trip were over 40 dollars - unless those left behind come on it will prove a losing business.","Camp Fredericksburg  \nDecember 29, 1862 \nMy Dear Wife \nI am still without a letter from you, nor have I heard from Brownsburg since I left. We move in the morning to some point 25 miles nearer to Richmond so you need not answer this note until you hear from me again. Only portions of the army fall back at this \ntime, but it is supposed that Gen. Lee with the main army will follow in a short time; the object being to eat up everything as we fall \nback so that the enemy will find it difficult to sustain or rather to support their army should they elect to advance. I sold the wagon, harness and the two old horses for 625 dollars including the horse I had when you arrived. I thought it better to keep the two young mares for the present. Porter was offered 300 dollars for the bay mare today but thinks she will bring more money. I have heard nothing of the butter and apples left at Staunton and Waynesboro and probably never will. If so I shall lose by my investment as I sold what arrived here for cost and expenses. You had better have your apples opened and see that they are not rotting. These that arrived here had rotted considerably. Richard started to Staunton on Saturday morning and will not return for some two weeks. I have suffered considerably for the last few days with my back and have had to use half of a bottle of liniment tonight being the first I have used since the morning I left. Porter is in good health and if he keeps well and we settle down for the winter I think I can learn him so that he can do my writing and give me an opportunity to stay with you for a short time in the month of Feby. I should like to be with you sooner but do not see how I can get away sooner with the amount of writing on hand. I have taken up for the benefit of the 31st Regt a small collection among the men in our train. You will ask Mr. Withrow to hand to \nthe Ladies Society of Brownsburg thirty dollars with the request that they purchase yarn and convert it into socks for the men in that Regt. I shall try to send them a farther sum sometime next month. If you need money call on Mr. Withrow for what you may need until I have an opportunity to send you some which will be before long. It is now near 11 oclock. I was writing all day, have been packing up tonight so that we can make an early start in the morning having gotten every thing ready. Though tired I felt like writing to you if for nothing else to say how glad I would be to be with you. Give my love to all the children and accept for yourself my last thought for the night and my last letter for 1862.","...Philander was well last week. I have not seen him since the fight at P Republic. He has been to Richmond and is now with Jackson's Army (where Jackson is no one even knows except the Yankees). W.E. Kemble is at Richmond Asst Surgeon at some of the hospitals--W P Kemble is well though I have not seen him for 9 months, we have not met. Young Gawthrop, Jones, Armstrong and the men generally from our section are well--The 3 Tuckers have all been wounded but are getting well. You will see that [Jack] Tucker's wife does not suffer--a braver man does not exist. Hansbrough I heard was in Richmond a few days since, I have not seen him since last November. Mr. Armstrong and family are at Buckingham Courthouse. George is recovering from his wound slowly. I saw a letter from him a few days since to Doct Newlon in which he stated that the ladies \"God bless em\"had been very kind to him and he was not certain but that there was a warm corner in his heart for one of them \"having been disappointed in his first love he did not know whether he should ever love again.\" Doct Newlon said the interpretation was that Vic had joined in the procession at Grafton to welcome the yankee troops. We heard at the time that there was a procession at Grafton and there may be some foundation for the story. If she was one of that number I do blame George, but on the contrary approve his view. In most the Southern cities the true Southern women refuse to recognize in any way the whole tribe of invaders. I admire their course. I wrote to you last winter to tell J W B to keep quiet. I have never heard whether you received my letter or any other of the many letters I have written this spring. If they have fallen into Yankee hands, they have found out that I feel but little respect for them and less for the time serving people in your section of the State (W. Va). Fanny has also written to you, but whether the letters ever reached you or not, I do not know. The Refugee families have all escaped sickness so far--this is wonderful considering the amount of sickness we have seen of all kinds. Porter is a very good boy and says he thinks he will return to you as good as he left. I have promised him that he may go to the Army whenever he has seen you--it galls him very much that I will not let him go. The boys are more anxious to go than the men. Charles Newlon Jr. has joined a Cavalry Co. and is now at Union Monroe. Mrs. N was opposed to it, but Newlon desired him to go. Newlon's family are still at Brownsburg all well. D. Goff, Claud[--] and their families 5 miles west of Staunton, the longer they stay away the firmer South they become. The Crawfords from Beverly are all well and near Brownsburg. B. Bassel and my self are now writing these letters at the same table while Geo. Johnson is reading the news. You will send word to Mahoney's family that he is well and making money and that he expects Smith to pay them the amt furnished by him to Wash--which was considerable--and if they should need it,--more. Mahoney I suppose has made over 7000 seven thousand dollars--he is trading in every way. Edward Payne was at Staunton a few days since. He brought up a Sincel or Sinclair captured at Moorefield. I did not see Payne and my informant could not remember the name, said he was a wagoner. The Yankees were paroled, but not so with the Virginians. Gov. Letcher has something to say to Virginians captured in the service of Lincoln. If you get any money either get gold or valley money do not trust to N W. Virginia money and for this reason--If in the tide of War our armies should ever win the N West your money will not be good, as the men having charge of the banks will leave and carry with them the specie. Father thinks he knows too much to be advised. I am surprised at his doing business or attempting to do it. But if in the tide of War our army should get your way our friends should lay out all their Northern money for bacon and other articles needed in the south. I give a hint if they do not profit by it--I cannot keep it--I am not doing anything to make money. I have refused to join in the mania for speculation that has 1/2 ruined the Patriotism of the south. All speculation here causes the poor to suffer. If we had not stopped making whiskey corn would have been from five to ten dollars per bushel. Whiskey sells at 5 dollars per gal by the barrel and often as five dollars per pint by retail...","Camp near Verden \nJanuary 25, 1863 \nMy Dear Wife \nYours of the 15th was received one week since for your expressions of kindness receive my sincere thanks. Your uneasiness about my health and amount of labor is too great. The amt of labor is not so very great except at particular times. If I did not suffer with my back, it would not be much. I was in Richmond this week saw your brother William, he was ordered to N Carolina the day I arrived in Richmond and left next morning. I saw Trayhorn the bogus Sheriff of Barbour who was arrested by Capt Hill of Imboden's command and brought to Richmond. After his arrest a company from [M or W-------] went to Barbour killed 2 citizens  and carried 8 more to Wheeling to be held as hostages for the safety of Trayhorn. I learn from Judge Camden who left Richmond yesterday that John Williamson and Wm. Elliot had arrived in Richmond as Commissioners from Pierpoint to effect the release of Trayhorn. Saml. Elliot had been carried to Wheeling as one of the hostages. I saw the judge but a moment and did not learn the particulars about the killing of the men in Barbour. Mrs Rapps [ ] is here did not receive your letter about it until Goff had left and I was not here when Bradford left. If there was anything else it has been stolen. I found the bundle open one day but not hearing what was in it I could not tell whether anything was missing or not. I hope it was nothing of much value. When at home I lost the key of the trunk was not the stray key at Mr. Withrow's mine--We do not need any blankets have plenty--I shall write you in a few days. Do not count time as I am not certain when I can be at home. Give my love to all the children--write to Porter about improvement of his time--he has books--","Lynchburg, Tuesday  \nMarch 10, 1863  \nMy Dear Wife \nI might have stayed another hour with you on Sunday, but I wanted to give Leake ample time to return and not ride fast as it was very warm on Sunday. I arrived at the landing at least 3 hours before the boat started--arrived here yesterday morning by 9 oclock--shall leave in the morning for Hanover--not certain that I shall have hired a single teamster. There has been a heavy fall of snow today, but it is raining now and everything looks gloomy and I feel so I cannot help it. Here you see nothing and hear nothing but tobacco--save when a soldier steps up to pay his bill or asks what he will have to pay for a days board and is answered 5, 6 or 7 dollars. I feel satisfied from his look, that he wishes all these people in Yankeedom and \ntheir town in ashes. I do not feel hopeful at this time as to the result of the contest. I do not fear that Yankees can whip us, but I do fear that the desire of gain, the thirst for money will yet overwhelm us. One can hardly feel like risking his life for such a set, but our rulers are to blame. If in the first place a tariff of prices had been fixed upon the leading articles--such a state of things would never have existed. Before Porter starts for his [mare] he had better see if he can get anything to feed her on--if he cannot she will be badly off. I bought yesterday near 1/2 pint cabbage seed for $4.00--this you will think a large quantity. I want to raise a full garden, what we do not want we can sell. I also bought a paper of Turnip, salsify, and parsley and lettuce. I think in all probability I shall return home to stay before long and the more I think about it and the more I see how the soldiers are treated the less I approve of Porter's determination to go into the service before his time, but he will have to decide for himself. I am not certain now about starting in the morning as the man that was to meet me here this evening has not done so. You need \nnot write until you hear from me again, that is if you all keep well--","Camp Near Verden  \nMarch 14, 1863 \nMy Dear Wife \nI returned here on Thursday. I went to Richmond today on business--was there but 4 hours. Just before leaving I met with Porter Johnson who had arrived in Richmond last night. He had been told by some one that I was in Richmond, was on the look out for me. I shook hands with him without recognizing him. I was not thinking about him--did not look particularly before I remarked \"I believe I do not remember you.\"---He had not received any of our letters. I had but little conversation with him and did not learn his business. I shall go down to Richmond on Monday to see him. He may visit Brownsburg before his return to Missouri. I met young Camden at the cars in Lynchburg and sent the garden seeds by him. I shall try and get some more seeds in this neighborhood. I found your letter on my return--read it with much satisfaction though I had seen you since it was written. Norvel Lewis of Clarksburg died in Richmond last Saturday. He had been drinking for some days, was prostrated at once and all that could be done did not revive him. Porter knew him well and I hope his fate will be a warning to him never to drink liquor. His death has produced a great grief among those that knew him. I shall write again by Wednesday's mail. Let me know when you are to move. Probably if Porter concludes to come up I may be up with him. If you have nothing in the house do not fret about it. You cannot have less furniture than we have in camp and we got along very well. So long as we keep our health take the world easy--it is not worth while to fret about what we cannot help. I sold the bay mare this evening for $300, she was being reduced each day, so I though it better to part with her. After you are moved, I will write to Porter when to come after his mare. Give my love to the children and believe me truly yours  \nM H Johnson \nMarch 15 63  \nMy Dear Wife  \nCapt. Semmes did not leave this morning as he expected. Tell Porter I have examined his mare today. I do not think she has fallen off much. Write to me on the receipt of this and forward to Verden. Let me know when you will move or whether you have moved. There has been no weather for gardening, so I do not expect that Porter has done anything yet. I can get some sweet \npotatoes  from [S ]--had I better do so","Sunday March 29 [1863]","My Dear Wife \nYours of the 25th was received last evening. On Tuesday I went to Richmond and returned on Thursday. On Friday morning I went to Fredericksburg and returned on yesterday. I saw Philander--he was well and had received your letter. He had joined a company in the 13th Virginia Regt and thought probably he might go into actual service. ","Since I left Fredericksburg our army have used up a large proportion of the timber for firewood--the timber being cut down--the Yankee truly are in full view for miles. The soldiers have been ordered to send nearly all their baggage to Richmond so as to have nothing but what they can carry upon their backs. Some think there will be a movement either forward or backward in a few days. ","Porter's business at Richmond is to have adjusted the pay coming to the Missouri troops. He was nearly through with his business when I left Richmond. He had not determined on what route he would return to the west. I regret very much that we moved into that house since they have taken the store room for a hospital--as sickness has generally followed the army. But I suppose among [P ] of Brownsburg it would be heretical to suppose that anyone would be sick without a special decree from above. ","I think it probable that I may be that way in 10 or 15 days. There is some business to do in Culpeper and probably in Buckingham. I may go on horseback if so I shall ride mare and go into Brownsburg. I am not positive about it. We had a very rainy day yesterday--it is cold today. It is near the first of April and there is very little plowing done in this neighbourhood, everything is very backward, nothing green except wheat and that very poor. ","Give my love to the children and believe me truly yours, \nM H Johnson","Beverly \nSaturday 25 [April] 1863 ","My Dear Wife \nBeverly was taken yesterday after about two hours cannonading and some but not much skirmishing of infantry. The abolitionists were about 1300 in number. Latham succeeded in burning all his stores. [He] succeeded in getting away in the direction of Philippi with little or no loss of men. Our cavalry pursued, but I fear without any success. ","If Porter has not started tell him to stay where he is. The bad management here has [lessened] my confidence in this command. The bridges are gone over Greenbrier river and the road might not be safe on account of Union men. I hope he has not started or that you did not receive my last letter. I am very tired and pretty well worn out. I have no doubt but Latham will burn the bridge at \nPhilippi. ","Yours in haste \nMHJ","Hillery's, 9 miles West of Beverly  \nTuesday April [28, 1863] ","My Dear Wife \nFortune has favored us though we do not deserve it. We had advanced to within 12 miles of Philippi--the same distance from Buckannon--news came that 8 Brigades had reinforced the enemy--we commenced to retreat on Beverly and had reached this point. This morning we know that the enemy have fled from Buckhannon \u0026 Philippi--that Jones has captured New Creek and destroyed the Railroad at Rowlesburg. We start west again this morning either by Buckannon or Philippi.","Had Jackson been in command we would have been in Clarksburg today, The railroad would have been destroyed. When we turned back almost every man was dissatisfied--all wanted to fight the enemy without regard to numbers. Mrs. J. Arnold  --sister of Gen. Jackson--went off with the yankees. Arnold stayed at home says he is a good southern man, that his wife is crazy but Hell he says, could not govern a Jackson.","If Porter comes he must come with a crowd or with the mail which has a guard. Love to you all.","May 1st 1863","I was too late for the mail when I wrote the note on this sheet. We have been here two days. I do not know when we shall leave. I shall not be able to leave this command while it stays here and shall have to share its fortunes. The enemy have retired to Grafton \u0026 Clarksburg. Our information is very uncertain. Gen. Jones we are informed is at Evansville. It is very hard to communicate with him and we may have to form a junction with him before we advance against Clarksburg.","The Union people have fled by thousands. Dick was near Henson Hoff's--Hoff and his two sons have fled. He had held office under the Lincoln Government. If Porter has not started he had better come with the crowd that guards the mail. I have purchased dress patterns enough for our family for some time to come (calico Gingham) \u0026 also for Mr. Withrow's and some others, cloth for \nPorter and entire suit overcoat \u0026 c. I have boxed them up- do not know when they will reach you. I have been appointed agent to take charge of all abandoned property. This will be a heavy work--","Weston \nMay 5th [1863] ","My Dear Wife \nI believe I wrote to you from Beverly. I have written to you since but missed the mail. After the affair at Beverly on Friday we left Beverly on Saturday about noon, marched 9 miles and encamped on Sunday. We marched to a point equidistant from Buckhannon and Philippi. Hearing nothing from Jones and learning that Mulligan had reinforced Gen Roberts we fell back to \nwithin 9 miles of Beverly. We again started for Buckhannon before reaching that point the enemy had evacuated the place--burnt a [ ] amt of commissaries stores \u0026 c. A large no of the Union men going with them.","We remained at Buckhannon two or three days waiting to hear from Gen. Jones, having lost sight of him at Evansville. Gen. Jones arrived at Buckhannon Saturday morning, having been at [ ], Morgantown, Fairmont, [Skinnston], Bridgeport, Philippi. We immediately marched to Weston arriving here on Sunday morning. Beyond Evansville the Railroad was torn up for a considerable distance. The fine bridge at Fairmont was [blown] down. There was a fight at Fairmont, several killed, 400 prisoners taken. 3 killed \nat Bridgeport \u0026 c. Gen Jones command brought in 1200 horses taken from Union and secession men without pay. Father lost about 30 so the men say--he will be paid some day Gen Jones has consented that Dick may take one of the horses taken from Father. I am glad our troops got the horses pay or no pay. ","Mason [Hisser] \u0026 Ed Payne now along--I do not know when the next move will be made. The enemy are massing their strength at Clarksburg and probably outnumber us. It think it likely that Gen. Jones will make another raid around the enemy before Gen. Imboden advances upon Clarksburg. A fight may take place at Clarksburg, some days hence. Our friends are completely \nsubdued, talk in whispers are afraid to speak out.","At Buckhannon I purchased about two hundred dollars worth of goods, mostly plain dry goods--put them in a box with some purchased by the Qr Master of the 31st Virginia Regt. I believe he has the goods with him, do not know whether he will ever have an opportunity to send them out. I have purchased fifty dollars worth here but do ot know what to do with them--having no transportation. There are plenty fo goods but the difficulty is what to do with them.  Porter arrived here yesterday, he is well. I do not know when either of us will return.","Camp Kemper, Near Staunton \nSept 23d 1864 ","My Dear Wife \nI reported here this morning, at Staunton yesterday morning--may start to Richmond any morning on short notice. Found Dick's horse of no value he gave out before I had reached Middlebrook. With much labour I reached a point 3 miles beyond Staunton by 9 o'clock at night--next morning sent the horse to English's. I staid in Staunton 2 days with the hope of hearing some of the \nparticulars of the fight in the Valley, some of the casualties but could learn nothing of the kind.","The account of the battle is about as follows. The enemy in far superior number attacked Early about day light. We held our own until 3 o'clock driving the enemy some two miles--at which time our Cavalry upon the left embracing Vaughan's, Imboden's, McCausland's, and Wickham's brigade gave way. This placed the enemy's cavalry in Winchester in the rear of our infantry and close upon our wagon train. The wagon train would have been destroyed but for the large number of stragglers with the train--the\nYankee Cavalry mistaking them for a strong guard. Our infantry retired fighting saving the train and all the artillery but 3 pieces. I cannot learn the names of any of the killed wounded or captured except Gen. Rodes \u0026 Gen. Godwin killed. Gen Lee wounded. I shall go back to Staunton this evening and if I can learn any other names I will enclose them in this letter. Gen. Breckinridge is in Staunton today on his way to take command in S.W. Virginia. Nearly all our dead and wounded fell into the hands of the enemy--our loss being about 3,000. Those who passed over the ground from which we drove the enemy until 3 o'clock think the loss of the enemy greater than ours.","You have doubtless heard before this of the arrival of Richard Brown's family at Doct McChesney's. 5 families in all came through--the Yankees giving permission to all to come who desired to do so. Tell Leake to tell Mr. Higgenbotham that his detail was granted upon the ground of private necessity until the first of November. The detail has been here since the 15 of August. Tell Leake to gather all the fodder he can, but not to work too hard. If our army should fall back up the Valley have the barrels that are fixed filled with flour so that you can move it from the mill should it become necessary.","Yours  \nM H Johnson","Fitz Lee Cavalry were whipped on Thursday in the Page Valley losing 4 pieces of Artillery. Gen Early was at Woodstock last night having lost 12 pieces of artillery at Fisher's Hill or some other point--he is falling back up the Valley. The excitement here is on the increase. Capt. Corder was killed. Col. Patton of the 22 badly wounded and in the hands of the enemy. Accounts on both sides in the Examiner not far from the truth regarding the stand point from which the view is taken. All say our cavalry has acted badly. Let \nthe advocates of plunder remember.","Richmond \nOct 11 64 ","My Dear Wife \nLeaving Staunton on Sunday evening of the break up I reached this place on Tuesday evening. Have been well since. The reserves are here on guard duty--encamped on the Manchester side of the river. At the great fright here last Friday week a portion of our command was sent to the front. I was not among the number. On Monday morning there was a severe frost here--ice forming upon buckets of water outside the tents. I suppose the early frost has [swept] or ruined our cane patch. I would be better to procure barrels and have as much of the flour ground as you can. Porter had better have his ground and forwarded to Richmond--if he desires it at this point before he leaves. I see the cadets are ordered to Richmond. Tell Porter if he has not started that he will find me at the camp at Manchester.","Every thing is again very quiet about here for the last few days not a distant cannon has been heard for several days. Henry Mahoney was among the returned prisoners. A gentleman desires Ella Wade to be informed that her husband at Fort McHenry was well last week. If Porter has not started he should bring with him his white overcoat and blanket as the nights are very cold here--at least have been. I have not heard from home since I left. You have doubtless heard of the arrival at Lebanon of J H Haymond's family--well provided with many things. Direct care of Mr. Bennett.","Lexington, Sunday \nDec. 4th, 1864 ","My Dear Wife \nI have been busy all day but I know you will be disappointed if you do not get a line from me tomorrow. It was impossible for me to leave here today but I will try and be at home next Sunday. Gen. Smith says that the Cadets will have a short furlough but I think it doubtful. I am hoping that Porter will get permission to come home for a few days, but suppose he will have to bear his own expenses--probably the money would be better spent by him in buying such little things as he needs, but if he comes all right. The \nGen. says they will draw another suit of clothes. ","I had but little to eat when Philander was here and made but a poor show. Tell Leake that Jeff and I made a fine feast on his rabbit. Jeff is very well contented, but wants to eat when I do and becomes very impatient if I do let him eat with me. I shall have a clerk after today and a very good one if he will keep sober--which he has promised to do, but which no one believes he will do. I was hungry I believe and will have eaten up what you sent in a day or two--you can send me enough bread and meat to last until Saturday--send by the stage driver, also write me at the same time. Send me any of the rib pieces as I have a cap I can make [h ]. Excuse this scrawl and believe me truly yours. Brother Porter complains that I do not write to him. \nM H Johnson ","Tell Mr. Newlon \u0026 Crawford if they come this way to come and stay with me.","Lexington, March 7 65 ","My Dear Wife \nThe latest news from Staunton is about as we first heard. Our loss--1200 in prisoners, only 4 killed and wounded. Col. Harmon killed. Mr. Church's story all a fabrication. ","Jackson is expected at Brownsburg tonight--whether he will have any troops with him or not I do not know. If you are all well send Leake to the Gen and ask him to stay all night. ","Jackson's and Imboden's men united with Rosser and pursued the enemy down the valley and may attack the guard and try to rescue the prisoners--but I hardly expect it as the Guard is a large one and Sheridan said to be along the the guard. ","Truly yours, \nMHJ","Richmond  \nJany 12, 1865 ","My Darling Sister \nYour sweet little letter was received this evening. I was truly glad to hear from home and you. I have now been from home over two weeks, and not a line until I received your letter this evening. I did not know but some evil genii had enchanted you all with some magic spell and changed you all into beast or birds, so you cannot imagine how much relieved I was when I read your letter and found you all still retain your original forms. I arrived safely here several days after I left home. Uncle Will  arrived several days ago. I got the things he brought. I am exceedingly obliged  to mother for them, they were very nice indeed.","We are very poorly fixed here for study, twenty in a room, one small table, no chairs or stools, but one gas burner, and attached to the side of the wall instead of the center of the room where it ought to be. There is but one little stove in the room and the meanest coal that you can imagine. We have but two meals a day which is quite often enough of the kind, bread and beef for breakfast and beef and bread for dinner. However I am living and well. I have been but to two meals in the mess hall in the last four days. I intend to leave here as soon as possible. I will have to cut my \nletter short as the gentleman who is going to carry it is in a hurry. ","I was on guard last night and sat up until midnight reading Hiawatha which will probably account for the following lines. 2 I was just thinking what I should write you about my stay in Staunton when these lines occurred to me. I expect they will cause some amusement for you. It is my first attempt at writing poetry and I am not certain that I succeed very well, but it was written on the spur of the moment and under great difficulties. You must excuse all mistakes as I am writing in the dark nearly. To all good night.","From your affectionate  \nBrother Porter ","PS Write soon and give me all of the items of news and what you all think of my leaving here. Uncle [Porter] thinks I had as well leave. \nGoodbye  \nPorter","Richmond \nFeb 5th 1865 ","Dear Mother \nYour kind letter was received and read with pleasure. I was glad to get a letter from you once more, one written by your own dear self. I am very sorry now that I have not written to you ere this but I was thinking like yourself that every mail would bring me a letter from mother, but none came. I am convinced now that I ought not to have waited so long, as I see it was my duty as well as pleasure to write to my dear mother. I am so sorry that by not writing to you that I should have caused one shadow to hover o'er\nyour brow or one pang of sadness to enter your heart. I would not intentionally grieve my mother for anything in reason. I am a naughty boy, but mother dear you must forgive me this time. ","I am so sorry for you all at home that the weather is so cold. I sincerely hope you have plenty of wood. We have not had cold weather here [ ] and I have been very comfortable. Although I did not find but one of my blankets, however the one that was lost did not belong to me and the one to whom it did belong being wealthy very kindly told me it made no difference about it. Although I suffer a great many inconveniences here they are nothing to me compared with what you have to put up with. You must make yourself perfectly easy about me and do not imagine me suffering when I am very comfortable. We have Bible class every Sunday. I recite to Col. Preston, or rather hear him lecture. He makes the time spent with him pass very pleasantly and also imparts much useful and interesting knowledge. I had a permit last Wednesday. Called to see Mrs. Neason, she was very cordial indeed \u0026 invited me to spend all the time that I had to myself with her and to come every permit I got and spend the day which I promised to do. She complimented you very highly on the [way] you managed your affairs in West Virginia. I expect to get a permit on Saturday week when I shall go and see her again. ","I intend to leave here the first of March. I came here by my own consent and with the understanding that I was to leave at the end of a year. I will soon have been two instead of one. I am sorry to say I am not getting along as well with my studies as I would wish.","Richmond  \nFeb 23d 1865","Dear Father \nYour welcome letter was received last night. Uncle Porter had been here in the evening and told that he had received a letter from you stating that you had written me permission to resign. I am very much gratified at your kind concess[ion] in my wishes, and pleased to find that your own ideas correspond with mine on so important a subject. ","I feel it due to myself as well as to you to state to you some of the reasons I have for leaving here and giving up the only opportunity which I shall perhaps ever have of getting an education. In the first place I am past nineteen years old and I think that it is my duty to be in the army. All who stay here after they become eighteen are generally considered shirkers. Then I do not think that the school will continue much longer than the first of April, for is it reasonable to suppose or can it even be expected that in this the death struggle of the Confederacy when every man woman and child should be at his or her post, when every nerve is to \nbe strained to attain the object which we have so long fought for, that two or three hundred well drilled, able bodied men will be allowed to remain idle and inactive? I am sure the answer of any rational man will be No! ","Then acting on the supposition that the corps will be ordered into service soon at all events, I think it advisable to resign while I \ncan, and while I have the power to join any command that I think proper. A right granted all cadets resigning by order of the Sct \nWar. And as for education, I look at it in this light. If we are subjugated the less education and refinement a man has the better for him, for the nearer the man approaches the brute the less feeling he has, and in the above contingency our condition will be little better than that of brutes. To look at the same question from another point, if the war continues, I will have to enter the army sooner or later. If I am killed education will profit me nothing, but suppose we gain our independence and I should be so fortunate as to survive the war, almost every youth in the Confederacy will be in my own lamentable condition without education or polish.","I think I shall hand in my resignation in about a week or so, I wish to finish analytic before leaving. I would like to join cavalry but do not see how I am to keep myself in horses.","Next I thought of mounted horse artillery but for the present I thought of accepting a second Ltc in the 2d Foreign Battalion, a position which I can get I think without much trouble. Uncle Porter advised me to take it at once as he thought it better to leave now if I could get a position than to wait a while and go as a private. There are several of my acquaintances in the same Battalion and one of my most intimate friends left the other day for a 1st Lt in the same. I cannot use the permission you sent me, it is right with the exception that you omitted to state that I resigned to enter the military service of the C.S. Please send me another with this addition. ","Please excuse mistakes as I have written under difficulties and in haste. ","From your affectionate Son, \nPorter.","New's Ferry, March 27th 1865 ","Dear Father \nI received both of your last letters. The one dated the 4th March first and the one dated 1st, a few days ago. I would have written to you before this, but thought I would wait until certain communication could be established. I did not get to see Mr. Newlon before he left or would have written by him. ","I resigned about two weeks ago. I have been in the trenches one week since, with the Corps. It then took me a week or such a matter to make my arrangements to leave the city. I have accepted the place I wrote you about, and am now on my way to join my command, it is at Charlotte, NC. I would like very much to have come home before going into the army, but the way not being open when I had the time at my own disposal I did not attempt it. ","It would have been a needless expense, and one which Uncle Porter advised me not to incur, though if the way had been clear I certainly should have come. My expenses at the V.M.I. were one hundred and fifty ($150) dollars. I will enclose you a statement of my financial account. I left Richmond Thursday and was two days getting to this place. I am at present at Mr Chalmers, the father of one of my classmates and friends. The son invited The son invited to his fathers house. I wanted some place on the line to leave my trunk. This is the place exactly, it is on a direct line from the south to R and quite safe from the enemy there. The family are so kind. Mr C has invited me to make his house my home, as long as I am pleased to stay, but I shall only remain two or three days. ","I am tolerably equipped. Uncle P bought me a small pair of saddle bags for fifty (50) dollars. He also gave me an oilcloth. I am going to take as little baggage with me as possible and will try and take care of it. On parting from Mr Neeson he gave me some good advice just as you would have done and I saw that he felt a deep interest in my welfare. He also offered me money but I declined because I thought Uncle P had given me what he thought proper. You cannot be too grateful to Mr. Neeson and his family for their kindness to me. I wish you would write to him about it. I wish them to know how grateful I feel to them. ","I hope to see you again but have not the most remote idea when. When you write to me again direct to Lt. Porter Johnson 2d Foreign Battalion, Charlotte NC. Write soon to your affectionate son.  \nPorter Johnson","Dearling Mother \nI have not received a single line from you since a few days before the enemy's raid. I have heard once from home through Papa, but it made me sad than otherwise though I was truly glad to know that you were all well. My dear mother, I have now launched my bark on the ocean of life, and though the clouds lower around me and the waves roll high, I hope by the help of God, to [sp---t] \nthe flood. ","I have thought a great deal about home and friends. I would have liked very much to have come home to see all of the dear ones again, but as it would have been a mere gratification and would have accomplished nothing I suppose it is best as it is. I am now staying at a very kind gentlemans in Halifax County.","I have met with some very kind friends indeed since I resigned. Mrs Neeson has been almost a mother to me, just as kind as she could be. She often talks of you and thinks Papa one of the best men in the world. I almost fell in love with her daughter Mary a quiet unassuming and modest girl of fourteen summers. There is a little bright eyed beauty of twelve years, sitting by me while I write, [ ] my [ ]. Give my best love to all. The girls must write me soon. Give my especial love to Leake, tell him to be a good boy and mind his mother. Write to me soon mother! ","Your devoted son, Porter","Prison Hospital \nCamp Chase, Ohio, June 18, 1865 ","Dear Mother \nThe order for release of prisoners has at last arrived. I expect to be released in about a week. It is a bitter pill but has to be swallowed. I do not expect to be home immediately. J.W. McCorkle is sick, he expects to go to his Uncles in Cabell county. I must go with him. He would do the same for me and more. Then I will go by West Va. I shall stop a few days then hasten home as fast as possible. I am in good health. I have not heard from any at Bridgeport for three weeks, they were all well at that time. Eddie \nWithrow is well, he is going directly home. Jake [Tucker] is well. The thoughts of soon again being clasped in a mothers embrace, Oh! isn't it glorious. My best love to all, regards to my friends. ","From your Affectionate Son  \nPorter Johnson esq  \nSoon to be Citizen of the United States of America Good and Loyal","Dear Sister Allie \nYour letter came duly to hand. I am truly happy to see you are such a punctual correspondent. Did you send the book I wrote for by Mr. C. I saw him the other day but he did not say whether he had brought it or not. I saw a splendid life size picture of Gen. Lee put up in the House of Delegates on Wednesday, it was by Bruce a very ordinary looking man. He asks six five thousand ($65,000) dollars for it. You ought to be here to see the crowds of ladies that flock to see us on dress parade and some very pretty ones I can tell you. I have almost fallen in love with one or two myself. Miss Lou H was out to see us today escorted by Maj. Stuart. She invited me to see her she was looking better than I ever saw her.","Porter Johnson's memoir of the Battle of New Market  is available online","This collection consists of 26 letters, bulk 1862-1865, from Mortimer Howell Johnson and his son Porter to members of their immediate family. The Johnson Family, originally from West Virginia, moved to Brownsburg in Rockbridge County, Virginia, although they maintained close ties to their former home. ","Topics in Mortimer's letters include civilian life during the war, the animosity between Union and Confederate sympathizers in West Virginia (the letter of April 28, 1863 discusses the Union loyalty of Stonewall Jackson's sister, Laura Jackson Arnold), the Battle of Fredericksburg and its aftermath (December 1862), the Jones-Imboden Raid (West Virginia, April 1863).","Porter's letters include a discussion of VMI cadet life at the Alms House in Richmond, Virginia where the Corps was headquartered during the last months of the Civil War.","Written from Richmond, Virginia. Letter contains family news and comments on work of the state legislature.","Written from Brownsburg, Virginia. Letter regards the inflated prices of grain used to produce whiskey for soldiers.","Written from Staunton, Virginia. Letter regards family news and expresses concerns about high cost of food.","Letter regards family news and mentions woman who is a Union sympathizer. Letter also mentions that Porter Johnson is eager to join the army.","Letter regards the Battle of Fredericksburg, Virginia.","Letter regards the Battle of Fredericksburg, Virginia.","Written from Fredericksburg, Virginia. Letter regards the Battle of Fredericksburg and personal news.","Written from Fredericksburg, Virginia. Letter regards family and business news.","Letter regards family friends who have been wounded, refugee families, and a problem with currency.","Written from \"Camp near Verden.\" Letter regards family news and mentions situation in West Virginia.","Written from Lynchburg, Virginia. Letter regards personal news, and inflated prices.","Written from \"Camp Near Verden.\" Letter regards family and business news.","Letter regards family and business news.","Written from Beverly, West Virginia. Letter regards the Jones-Imboden Raid.","Written at \"Hillery's, 9 miles west of Beverley,\" West Virginia. Letter regards the Jones-Imboden Raid, West Virginia and the Union sympathies of Laura Ann Arnold (Jackson).","Written from Weston, West Virginia. Letter regards the Jones-Imboden Raid and burning of bridge at Fairmont.","Written from Camp Kemper, near Staunton, Virginia. Letter regards the Battle of Winchester, Virginia.","Written from Richmond, Virginia. Letter regards general family, business, and Civil War news.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards family and business news.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards General Sheridan's location in the valley.","Written from the Alms House in Richmond, Virginia, where VMI was headquartered from December 1864 until Richmond was evacuated in April 1865. Letter regards life at the Alms House.","Written from the Alms House in Richmond, Virginia, where VMI was headquartered from December 1864 until Richmond was evacuated in April 1865. Letter regards general news.","Written from the Alms House in Richmond, Virginia. Letter regards Porter Johnson's decision to join the Army.","Written at \"New's Ferry.\" Letter regards Porter Johnson joining the Army.","Written at \"New's Ferry.\" Letter regards general news.","Written from Prison Hospital, Camp Chase, Ohio. Letter regards an order for release of prisoners.","Letter regards dress parades.","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Johnson Family","Johnson, Porter, 1845-1917","Johnson, Mortimer H. (Mortimer Howell), 1815-1889","Arnold, Laura Ann Jackson, 1826-1911","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","Letcher, John, 1813-1884","Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865 (General subdivision: Assassination.)","Sheridan, Philip Henry, 1831-1888","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0341","/repositories/3/resources/609"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Johnson Family papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Johnson Family papers"],"collection_ssim":["Johnson Family papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["West Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"geogname_ssim":["West Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"creator_ssm":["Johnson, Porter, 1845-1917","Johnson, Mortimer H. (Mortimer Howell), 1815-1889"],"creator_ssim":["Johnson, Porter, 1845-1917","Johnson, Mortimer H. (Mortimer Howell), 1815-1889"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Johnson, Porter, 1845-1917","Johnson, Mortimer H. (Mortimer Howell), 1815-1889"],"creators_ssim":["Johnson, Porter, 1845-1917","Johnson, Mortimer H. (Mortimer Howell), 1815-1889"],"places_ssim":["West Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute -- Cadet life -- 1861-1865","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1867","New Market Cadets","Virginia Military Institute—Civil War, 1861-1865","Fredericksburg (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Fredericksburg (Va.), Battle of, 1862","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Home life","Railroads -- Virginia -- Siege, 1863","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1860-1869","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute -- Cadet life -- 1861-1865","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1867","New Market Cadets","Virginia Military Institute—Civil War, 1861-1865","Fredericksburg (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Fredericksburg (Va.), Battle of, 1862","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Home life","Railroads -- Virginia -- Siege, 1863","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1860-1869","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["26 items"],"extent_tesim":["26 items"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p15821coll11/id/1291\"\u003eThe Johnson Family papers are available online\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Online Access"],"altformavail_tesim":["The Johnson Family papers are available online"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMortimer Howell Johnson (1815-1889), a lawyer, was born at Bridgeport, Harrison County, West Virginia in 1815. He married Eliza Dulaney Kemble, born in Kingwood, Preston County, West Virginia. The Johnson Family resided in Brownsburg, Rockbridge County, Virginia at beginning of the Civil War, and Mortimer enlisted in April 1864 (at age 48) in the Rockbridge Senior Reserves. He was described as having a dark complexion, dark hair and eyes, and 5 foot 6 inches tall. He died on December 13, 1889 in Charleston, West Virginia and is buried at the High Bridge Presbyterian Church cemetery, Rockbridge County, Virginia. He was the father of Porter Johnson, VMI Class of 1867.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePorter Johnson (1845-1917) was born in 1845 in Taylor County, West Virginia. He matriculated at VMI on September 1, 1863 and was a cadet private at the Battle of New Market on May 15, 1864. Porter resigned from Corps of Cadets on March 6, 1865 and joined the 8th Confederate Battalion commanded by Colonel Garnett Andrews. He was captured at Salisbury, North Carolina on April 12, 1865 and imprisoned, and was paroled June 13, 1865. He returned to Rockbridge County where he was a farmer. He died on June 9, 1917.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Mortimer Howell Johnson (1815-1889), a lawyer, was born at Bridgeport, Harrison County, West Virginia in 1815. He married Eliza Dulaney Kemble, born in Kingwood, Preston County, West Virginia. The Johnson Family resided in Brownsburg, Rockbridge County, Virginia at beginning of the Civil War, and Mortimer enlisted in April 1864 (at age 48) in the Rockbridge Senior Reserves. He was described as having a dark complexion, dark hair and eyes, and 5 foot 6 inches tall. He died on December 13, 1889 in Charleston, West Virginia and is buried at the High Bridge Presbyterian Church cemetery, Rockbridge County, Virginia. He was the father of Porter Johnson, VMI Class of 1867.","Porter Johnson (1845-1917) was born in 1845 in Taylor County, West Virginia. He matriculated at VMI on September 1, 1863 and was a cadet private at the Battle of New Market on May 15, 1864. Porter resigned from Corps of Cadets on March 6, 1865 and joined the 8th Confederate Battalion commanded by Colonel Garnett Andrews. He was captured at Salisbury, North Carolina on April 12, 1865 and imprisoned, and was paroled June 13, 1865. He returned to Rockbridge County where he was a farmer. He died on June 9, 1917."],"odd_heading_ssm":["Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription"],"odd_tesim":["Richmond, Feby 10 58","Dear Leake  \nI received your letter this morning and was glad to hear that you are well and that you have made up your mind to be a good boy and learn to read and write, so that when I am away from home you can write to me for yourself. It would afford me great pleasure to see you and to have you here with me. It would please you very much to see the big brass horse on the Washington \nmonument. But Leake, if you will be a good boy and learn your book and acquire a great deal of information and knowledge, you can come down here yourself some day and see Richmond and all the sights that are worth seeing here. The legislature is working very slow and not doingmuch good for the country. The House is not in session yet this morning. At 8 o'clock I left my boarding house came by the Post Office and barber shop at half past 9 in the house and engaged in writing this letter to you. The house meets at 11 o'clock and adjourns about 3 o'clock, so that we get dinner at half past 3. Sometimes the house does not adjourn until later. You set down in the house with a comfortable cushioned chair to sit upon, a desk before you to write upon and it frequently happens that while a member thinks he is making a very fine speech, one half the members are engaged in writing letters or reading newspapers. I suppose you have heard of the fight that happened in Congress last Saturday. It was disgraceful to the Nation andthe men that were engaged in it are heartily ashamed of it. You are the first that mentioned Katy in your letters. I had almost forgotten her. How is Sam Burdett and the rest of the boys or have you been so close at home that you have not seen them. I want you above all things Leake to be kind to others. How would you like to deny yourself at table and refuse to eat, until you see all the rest comfortably seated. This would be true politeness, \nand you would soon learn to be happy in seeing others happy. This would soon afford you a great pleasure, and you would then learn to \"do unto others as you would have others do unto you.\" Hoping to hear form you soon. I remain ","Truly yours  \nM. H. Johnson","Brownsburg, Rockbridge Virginia February 2, 1862 C.W. Newlon, Esq","Dear Sir Expecting you home in a few days. I have concluded to write to you again upon the subject of impressments and praying that something may be done, and that promptly to arrest the distillation of grain. Corn is now $1.12 and it would not surprise me if it reached $2.00 per bushel before the 1st of April. Ten barrels of whiskey were sold in this county a few days since at the almost fabulous price of three dollars per gal. If these prices are demanded and obtained for new liquor fresh from the still what is to \nprevent corn from being advanced before October to $5.00 per bu. Self preservation is the 1st law of nature and why should not that law apply to nations as well as to individuals. What will be our condition should the enemy push their raids so far into the interior as to destroy our railroad connections. If we expect to maintain our position, our stores of subsistence should be preserved. The North expected to starve us out when the war commenced. All that recognize a superintending providence had \ncause to thank the giver of daily bread last year for our unusually heavy crop of all kinds of grain. It was every where considered as an evidence that the Lord was on our side. Grant that it was so will he continue to be if we abuse his choicest favors-- if we convert ourselves into a nation of extortioners and have for our soldiers an army of drunkards. Grant as some contend that liquor is necessary for the soldiers should not a limit be placed upon the price of it . Liquor for which 3 dollars per gal is paid after running the blockade of the camp is frequently sold to the soldier at the high price of from one to five dollars per pint. If it is \nnecessary for the soldier it should be added to his rations and handed out under proper rules and regulations and every other person detected in smuggling liquor into the camp should be summarily and severely punished. Upon the summits of the Alleghaneys Gen. Johnson does not think it necessary to the health of the soldier and has with great diligence prevented its introduction to his camp. From what I can learn he has emptied of their contents more than fifty barrels in the last few weeks. This is seizing the bull by the horns . He is not tainted with that miserable fastidious delicacy of sentiment that is fearful of hurting somebody's feelings. He is entrusted with the defense of one of the important passes into the valley of Virginia and with a moral heroism equal to his fierce courage in the hours of conflict with the enemy he does not stop to inquire whether\nany body is hurt. How are the people of the valley who remain at home acting towards the heroic defenders of the Alleghany but for whose \nindomitable courage in repulsing an overwhelming body of the enemy the valley would now be overrun by marauding hordes of black Republican soldiers. While these brave men are enduring the rigors of a climate at an elevation where snow, rain or hail is an every day occurrence these that remain at home are engaged in all kinds of speculation. Every lb of butter though produced in unusually huge quantities is retailed to the soldiers at fifty cents per lb \u0026 c.","Staunton, Sept. 20th, 1862","My Dear Wife It is possible that some ladies will leave here in a few days for Upshur County. I avail myself of the opportunity to inform you so far we are all well though there is and has been a great deal of sickness all over of this country. The girls are now boarding at a very good house in Brownsburg. The family not wanting help [Alcinda] is at Mr. Newlons. Porter and I left Brownsburg the last of September for the Mountains. We were one day too late to go with [Jenkins] or we might have attempted to get home. Porter has gone down the Valley towards Winchester and I shall start down today and fall in with him. We shall go as far as Maryland thence to Faquier and probably Rappahannock. I saw Gen Johnson a few days since, he was in good health and spirits. I have not heard from Philander for some time but \nsuppose that he is well. W. P. Kemble is still at Clarksville, Mecklenburg Co., Va. W. E. Kimble is at Richmond and well. He sent me 250 dollars. [Benton] sent me 250 dollars some time since. I received a letter from [Benton]- also one from Porter a few days since. They have both gone to Missouri to assist in organizing the troops in that State. Events are transpiring so rapidly at the present time that I should suppose both would tire of death and carnage. If the tide of war does not bring us home this fall I scarcely know what course to ask you to pursue. If you could bring sufficient with you to go to house keeping and meat to eat and other small articles there would be no difficulty in procuring a house in any part of the country, but it is almost impossible to procure any thing at this time in this country. Bacon is fifty cents sugar 80, coffee 2.00. -- calico 1.50 \nper yd., \u0026 c. But you have doubtly seen the prices of articles south in the Northern papers. I have not received a line from you since May. I saw young Cochran a few days since, he said he had seen you somewhere before he left, but did not speak to you. It was a satisfaction to know that you were well. I do not now know whether you have received any of my letters written with regard to the suits brought against me, therefore I repeat here what I have said in all my letters -- to pay no attention to their suits and do not \ntrouble yourself as to what disposition is made of the property- simply preserve all my books and papers. If you can get any thing from [T___] or Potts, do so, receipting to them for what you get. The girls are well pleased at the house they are now boarding at. The refugee families are all well. I do not know who of our soldiers have been killed in the fights at Manassas, Harpers Ferry, and in Maryland, but think the Taylor boys have escaped. Give my love to Leake and tell him for me to keep at his books.  \nBelieve me truly yours  \nM H Johnson","Porter has been anxious to go into the army this winter and I have half promised him that could he get to see you again he might go. He feels mortified at his present position and he is ambitious to take some part in the war. His idea is that a man has but one time to die and that a few years more or less will not make any difference. He says that he is able to carry a musket and that if he\ndoes not raise his arm in defence of his country under existing circumstances he shall never feel like asking a Southern woman to marry him and that a northern woman he would not have under any circumstances. George Armstrong was at Brownsburg when I left. He had come down on a visit. He is able to walk with the use of one crutch. He\nis conditionally true to his engagement . If what he shall have heard about be true of her joining in the reception at Grafton of the Yankee invaders he will suffer his other leg to be crippled and both arms torn from his body before he would have her or any other woman that by act of courtesy received a yankee favorably. George is a brave man, he is true to his country, and true to his love\nprovided she has been true to herself. I approve his course. I detest with intense hatred the time serving policy pursued in our country and I told Mr. [Ceplin] very frankly that it was with reluctance that I gave my hand to a man who was in the habit of shaking hands with the Yankees or what is worse the Union men of NW Virginia and I do not think I am an exception. Tho I have mentioned to you the sickness here, do not give yourself any uneasiness about it. Mr. Newlon promised that if Alcinda or her child gets sick, that he will take care of them. As we have been favored so far I still trust to Providence to preserve\nus in future. The girls are at a good house and should they get sick are in good hands- - Fanny is very careful they have all been using preventives so be of good cheer and do not get out of heart. Philander is well though I have not seen him for about a year. Porter and I went to Winchester, stayed in the Army ten days, but Philander was absent. We passed him as we went down the Valley and did not know. The fences are burned, this makes the road wide. To be relieved of the dust we were frequently 50 yards\nfrom the road. Philander has charge of about 100 wagons and was going to Rockingham for corn, thus we missed him. I suppose he gets about 100 dollars per month. I do not think he is drinking in fact he has not been. Porter I suppose will go the Army to see him. Say to Mr. Gawthrop that his son is well. He has been detailed as a butcher at $50 per month. William Sharps is his assistant. Saml\nTucker was seriously wounded at the battle of Manassas, but it is thought will recover. Uriah has recovered from his wound and is again in the Army. Jac is not yet able to go in the Army but is at the hospital taking care of Saml. H. Mahany and John are well, also the two Robinsons and James Boyd. I received a letter from Brother Porter and one from Thomas written the 27th of August, I have not heard since. They were well at that time. I do not think they were in the battle of Corinth as they had been sent on other service at that time. Porter expressed a desire that his family should be on this side of the line - his principle fear was that Tell might be made to swear he does not wish him to take an oath on any account. If there is no danger of Tell being sworn probably they had better stay where they are. W.P. Goff must be informed that he will be held personally responsible should he on any account permit or not prevent the administering of any of them oaths to Tell. Porter also swears by all that is sacred that he will hold some men in Clarksburg responsible for any indignity that may be offered to Father in any way, shape or form. Tell Emily that I try to keep Porter apprized that she is well \u0026 c. I have just seen a young man from Clarksburg and I shall write to\nPorter in the morning. I again repeat my advice to Father to quit business, have no cattle or other goods, convert everything into gold at even 40 percent and bury it, and put no tombstone to its grave. Give my love to Leake, tell him to be a good boy to attend to his book and say his lessons to you. I do not want him sent to school. I would not have him taught by anyone I know save yourself. I do not want him to associate with the children of the Union people in your section of the State. Tell Leake that Porter and I have slept out of doors a good many nights. We do this sooner than ask people to keep us all night, it is nothing to be refused a lodging for the night for love or money-- still there are some clever people. I have but one motto that is to \"run with patience the race set before,\" this I intend to do. So be of good cheer and do not despair. \nTruly yours, \nM. H. Johnson \nSince writing Mr. C. has been looking over his letters and [shares] the enclosed note from Miss Armstrong. W.P. Kimble is well, he is at Clarksville, Mecklenburg County Virginia. I loaned to Henry C Middleton fifty dollars when I was at the oil wells. Write him a note to send you the money, say to him that you are in need of it. To your friends buying in and hold for redemption such articles\nas you need I have no objection, but things that you do not need and than can be replaced let them go---","Monday Evening \nMy Dear Wife \nI write you this note to let you know that I arrived here safely last evening. I do not look for Porter and Bradford for several days. The roads are very much cut up and I expect they will have a hard time. I started Dick to meet them, but he may miss them entirely. Our loss in the fighting that has taken place is 1742 in killed and wounded. Our dead have been buried. The Yankee dead remain\nunburied. The field of battle is still in dispute. The Yankees have not asked the privilege of burying their dead and we cannot [venture] to do it. Ours were carried off during the fight. We occupied the best position and think the enemy loss 5 to our one. I have just been to take a look at the Yankee Army. They are drawn up in line of battle, but as it is now 4 o'clock we do not think\nthere will be a fight today. The principal fight was on Friday--though in sight we feel secure. My back is better though I am yet suffering. I was offered 200 dollars for the wagon and 2 sets harness, but could get no transportation at Staunton for our load. I am writing on a moments notice so excuse this hasty note. We are 10 miles from the office----","Thursday morning \nMy Dear Wife \nPorter and Bradford have not arrived yet--but unless I write today you will not hear from me until next week. This may reach you on Saturday and even [now] I must write very hastily. The loss of the abolitionists in the last battle near Fredericksburg was greater than we at first supposed. They are again on the other side of the River. I spent yesterday afternoon in going over a portion of the battle field near or adjoining the City. On the portion of the field I visited there were at least 500 dead. Under a flag of truce they were burying their dead but doing it in a very careless manner. Unless they worked last night they cannot get through before sometime today. After going through Fredericksburg and seeing the results of their vandalism I felt no sympathy for their justly merited fate. Scattered books, broken [----], furniture of all kinds and every description carried into the streets and broken to pieces. Our own loss is narrowed down to less than 400 killed and less than a thousand wounded, while the loss of the enemy cannot be less than 2000 killed and from 10 to 20 thousand wounded and missing. All who have visited the ground concur in the opinion that the dead\nare thicker upon the ground than any [field] they have seen. One could have walked for 400 yds upon the dead. This was close up to the houses reaching back 400 yds to a stone wall. Burnsides is considered a fool for making the attack, as from his camp he could see our position and defenses. Our army could have withstood an attack by 400 thousand men. Our victory was complete. I have not yet seen any Yankee account of the battle. There was some conversation on yesterday between our men and the men\ndetailed to bury the dead. They all agreed that their defeat was a terrible one. A physician told Judge G. that he thought this [------] would certainly satisfy the North. We lost [260] as prisoners who were exchanged on yesterday. We have besides about 1000 prisoners who will be paroled but you will get the news from the papers before this reaches you. All is quiet this morning. Write to me and let me know how you are getting along. Write at least twice a week as in that way probably one of the letters might reach me. Give my love to the children and believe me truly yours, \nMHJ \nPS. The 25th and 31st were not engaged. I have not seen Philander he is 12 miles distant.","Camp Fredericksburg  \nDec. 25th 1862 \nMy Dear Wife \nI should like this morning to be with you very much but as that cannot be the best I can do is to write you and let you know how\nglad I would be were it so. Days and weeks seem to me much longer now than they were before your arrival, before I could not be with you if I would; now I might were it not that I would have to give up a situation in order to gratify my wishes and my feelings. I have not heard from you since I left, but hope that you are all well and getting along well. The weather here has been much colder than the spell was at Brownsburg while I was there. From all we can gather from the Northern papers their defeat was much greater than we supposed immediately after the battle. One of their correspondents estimates 3000 wounded in one of their divisions and that the wounded are in our hands. This is not so. Their number of dead is greater than their estimate. Many of the southern Regts take no prisoners especially the Louisianians - who are determined to have revenge for the outrages of Butler and his troops -. One can form but a faint idea of the horrors of a battle field without an actual inspection upon the ground. I can assure you I should feel rejoice if the war could close without such another scene as we have witnessed here - but if our foes will not cease the War which it is in their power to do then I hope that every conflict will result as favorable to us as this great fight at Fredericksburg. Porter went to see Philander and took to him the little things you had sent to him. He needs two flannel shirts also his hat. Hopes to be able to go and see you before a great while. Jackson's Army is about 20 miles from our camp. Porter carried Mr. Rapps package and boots to him, but learned that he had been wounded and taken to Lynchburg - this I suppose is no news at Brownsburg by this time. Ask what shall be done with what was sent to him. When I wrote you last my information was that the \n31st and 25th were not engaged but this was not correct. I do not know how many were wounded or killed in either but do not think the loss was great. We have a very fine band in the same field we are in. Last night among others they played \"Old Dog Tray.\" It made me think of Carlo and your description of his faithfulness. There seems to be no gloom or dreariness of thought among our soldiers so far as\nmy observation extends. All seem cheerful and gay. The dead are buried - the wounded and sick sent off - so that the well alone \nare left. Victory inspires confidence and certainly a great victory has attended our armies and what is more the North feels and\n[ ---- ] it. When Mr. Newlon goes to Richmond let him renew our subscription to the Examiner for six months or if you prefer some other paper. Let him subscribe to the paper you prefer. Porter did not arrive here until the dead were buried so that he missed a sight. I have very much desired he should see under the hope it would lessen his desire to join the army before he is 18. Our lead was too much for the bad team we had. I left 2 barrels of apples and 65 lbs butter at Staunton. Porter afterwards left 2 barrels at Waynesboro -- arriving here with 3 2/3 bls of apples and part of his butter. The expenses of the trip were over 40 dollars - unless those left behind come on it will prove a losing business.","Camp Fredericksburg  \nDecember 29, 1862 \nMy Dear Wife \nI am still without a letter from you, nor have I heard from Brownsburg since I left. We move in the morning to some point 25 miles nearer to Richmond so you need not answer this note until you hear from me again. Only portions of the army fall back at this \ntime, but it is supposed that Gen. Lee with the main army will follow in a short time; the object being to eat up everything as we fall \nback so that the enemy will find it difficult to sustain or rather to support their army should they elect to advance. I sold the wagon, harness and the two old horses for 625 dollars including the horse I had when you arrived. I thought it better to keep the two young mares for the present. Porter was offered 300 dollars for the bay mare today but thinks she will bring more money. I have heard nothing of the butter and apples left at Staunton and Waynesboro and probably never will. If so I shall lose by my investment as I sold what arrived here for cost and expenses. You had better have your apples opened and see that they are not rotting. These that arrived here had rotted considerably. Richard started to Staunton on Saturday morning and will not return for some two weeks. I have suffered considerably for the last few days with my back and have had to use half of a bottle of liniment tonight being the first I have used since the morning I left. Porter is in good health and if he keeps well and we settle down for the winter I think I can learn him so that he can do my writing and give me an opportunity to stay with you for a short time in the month of Feby. I should like to be with you sooner but do not see how I can get away sooner with the amount of writing on hand. I have taken up for the benefit of the 31st Regt a small collection among the men in our train. You will ask Mr. Withrow to hand to \nthe Ladies Society of Brownsburg thirty dollars with the request that they purchase yarn and convert it into socks for the men in that Regt. I shall try to send them a farther sum sometime next month. If you need money call on Mr. Withrow for what you may need until I have an opportunity to send you some which will be before long. It is now near 11 oclock. I was writing all day, have been packing up tonight so that we can make an early start in the morning having gotten every thing ready. Though tired I felt like writing to you if for nothing else to say how glad I would be to be with you. Give my love to all the children and accept for yourself my last thought for the night and my last letter for 1862.","...Philander was well last week. I have not seen him since the fight at P Republic. He has been to Richmond and is now with Jackson's Army (where Jackson is no one even knows except the Yankees). W.E. Kemble is at Richmond Asst Surgeon at some of the hospitals--W P Kemble is well though I have not seen him for 9 months, we have not met. Young Gawthrop, Jones, Armstrong and the men generally from our section are well--The 3 Tuckers have all been wounded but are getting well. You will see that [Jack] Tucker's wife does not suffer--a braver man does not exist. Hansbrough I heard was in Richmond a few days since, I have not seen him since last November. Mr. Armstrong and family are at Buckingham Courthouse. George is recovering from his wound slowly. I saw a letter from him a few days since to Doct Newlon in which he stated that the ladies \"God bless em\"had been very kind to him and he was not certain but that there was a warm corner in his heart for one of them \"having been disappointed in his first love he did not know whether he should ever love again.\" Doct Newlon said the interpretation was that Vic had joined in the procession at Grafton to welcome the yankee troops. We heard at the time that there was a procession at Grafton and there may be some foundation for the story. If she was one of that number I do blame George, but on the contrary approve his view. In most the Southern cities the true Southern women refuse to recognize in any way the whole tribe of invaders. I admire their course. I wrote to you last winter to tell J W B to keep quiet. I have never heard whether you received my letter or any other of the many letters I have written this spring. If they have fallen into Yankee hands, they have found out that I feel but little respect for them and less for the time serving people in your section of the State (W. Va). Fanny has also written to you, but whether the letters ever reached you or not, I do not know. The Refugee families have all escaped sickness so far--this is wonderful considering the amount of sickness we have seen of all kinds. Porter is a very good boy and says he thinks he will return to you as good as he left. I have promised him that he may go to the Army whenever he has seen you--it galls him very much that I will not let him go. The boys are more anxious to go than the men. Charles Newlon Jr. has joined a Cavalry Co. and is now at Union Monroe. Mrs. N was opposed to it, but Newlon desired him to go. Newlon's family are still at Brownsburg all well. D. Goff, Claud[--] and their families 5 miles west of Staunton, the longer they stay away the firmer South they become. The Crawfords from Beverly are all well and near Brownsburg. B. Bassel and my self are now writing these letters at the same table while Geo. Johnson is reading the news. You will send word to Mahoney's family that he is well and making money and that he expects Smith to pay them the amt furnished by him to Wash--which was considerable--and if they should need it,--more. Mahoney I suppose has made over 7000 seven thousand dollars--he is trading in every way. Edward Payne was at Staunton a few days since. He brought up a Sincel or Sinclair captured at Moorefield. I did not see Payne and my informant could not remember the name, said he was a wagoner. The Yankees were paroled, but not so with the Virginians. Gov. Letcher has something to say to Virginians captured in the service of Lincoln. If you get any money either get gold or valley money do not trust to N W. Virginia money and for this reason--If in the tide of War our armies should ever win the N West your money will not be good, as the men having charge of the banks will leave and carry with them the specie. Father thinks he knows too much to be advised. I am surprised at his doing business or attempting to do it. But if in the tide of War our army should get your way our friends should lay out all their Northern money for bacon and other articles needed in the south. I give a hint if they do not profit by it--I cannot keep it--I am not doing anything to make money. I have refused to join in the mania for speculation that has 1/2 ruined the Patriotism of the south. All speculation here causes the poor to suffer. If we had not stopped making whiskey corn would have been from five to ten dollars per bushel. Whiskey sells at 5 dollars per gal by the barrel and often as five dollars per pint by retail...","Camp near Verden \nJanuary 25, 1863 \nMy Dear Wife \nYours of the 15th was received one week since for your expressions of kindness receive my sincere thanks. Your uneasiness about my health and amount of labor is too great. The amt of labor is not so very great except at particular times. If I did not suffer with my back, it would not be much. I was in Richmond this week saw your brother William, he was ordered to N Carolina the day I arrived in Richmond and left next morning. I saw Trayhorn the bogus Sheriff of Barbour who was arrested by Capt Hill of Imboden's command and brought to Richmond. After his arrest a company from [M or W-------] went to Barbour killed 2 citizens  and carried 8 more to Wheeling to be held as hostages for the safety of Trayhorn. I learn from Judge Camden who left Richmond yesterday that John Williamson and Wm. Elliot had arrived in Richmond as Commissioners from Pierpoint to effect the release of Trayhorn. Saml. Elliot had been carried to Wheeling as one of the hostages. I saw the judge but a moment and did not learn the particulars about the killing of the men in Barbour. Mrs Rapps [ ] is here did not receive your letter about it until Goff had left and I was not here when Bradford left. If there was anything else it has been stolen. I found the bundle open one day but not hearing what was in it I could not tell whether anything was missing or not. I hope it was nothing of much value. When at home I lost the key of the trunk was not the stray key at Mr. Withrow's mine--We do not need any blankets have plenty--I shall write you in a few days. Do not count time as I am not certain when I can be at home. Give my love to all the children--write to Porter about improvement of his time--he has books--","Lynchburg, Tuesday  \nMarch 10, 1863  \nMy Dear Wife \nI might have stayed another hour with you on Sunday, but I wanted to give Leake ample time to return and not ride fast as it was very warm on Sunday. I arrived at the landing at least 3 hours before the boat started--arrived here yesterday morning by 9 oclock--shall leave in the morning for Hanover--not certain that I shall have hired a single teamster. There has been a heavy fall of snow today, but it is raining now and everything looks gloomy and I feel so I cannot help it. Here you see nothing and hear nothing but tobacco--save when a soldier steps up to pay his bill or asks what he will have to pay for a days board and is answered 5, 6 or 7 dollars. I feel satisfied from his look, that he wishes all these people in Yankeedom and \ntheir town in ashes. I do not feel hopeful at this time as to the result of the contest. I do not fear that Yankees can whip us, but I do fear that the desire of gain, the thirst for money will yet overwhelm us. One can hardly feel like risking his life for such a set, but our rulers are to blame. If in the first place a tariff of prices had been fixed upon the leading articles--such a state of things would never have existed. Before Porter starts for his [mare] he had better see if he can get anything to feed her on--if he cannot she will be badly off. I bought yesterday near 1/2 pint cabbage seed for $4.00--this you will think a large quantity. I want to raise a full garden, what we do not want we can sell. I also bought a paper of Turnip, salsify, and parsley and lettuce. I think in all probability I shall return home to stay before long and the more I think about it and the more I see how the soldiers are treated the less I approve of Porter's determination to go into the service before his time, but he will have to decide for himself. I am not certain now about starting in the morning as the man that was to meet me here this evening has not done so. You need \nnot write until you hear from me again, that is if you all keep well--","Camp Near Verden  \nMarch 14, 1863 \nMy Dear Wife \nI returned here on Thursday. I went to Richmond today on business--was there but 4 hours. Just before leaving I met with Porter Johnson who had arrived in Richmond last night. He had been told by some one that I was in Richmond, was on the look out for me. I shook hands with him without recognizing him. I was not thinking about him--did not look particularly before I remarked \"I believe I do not remember you.\"---He had not received any of our letters. I had but little conversation with him and did not learn his business. I shall go down to Richmond on Monday to see him. He may visit Brownsburg before his return to Missouri. I met young Camden at the cars in Lynchburg and sent the garden seeds by him. I shall try and get some more seeds in this neighborhood. I found your letter on my return--read it with much satisfaction though I had seen you since it was written. Norvel Lewis of Clarksburg died in Richmond last Saturday. He had been drinking for some days, was prostrated at once and all that could be done did not revive him. Porter knew him well and I hope his fate will be a warning to him never to drink liquor. His death has produced a great grief among those that knew him. I shall write again by Wednesday's mail. Let me know when you are to move. Probably if Porter concludes to come up I may be up with him. If you have nothing in the house do not fret about it. You cannot have less furniture than we have in camp and we got along very well. So long as we keep our health take the world easy--it is not worth while to fret about what we cannot help. I sold the bay mare this evening for $300, she was being reduced each day, so I though it better to part with her. After you are moved, I will write to Porter when to come after his mare. Give my love to the children and believe me truly yours  \nM H Johnson \nMarch 15 63  \nMy Dear Wife  \nCapt. Semmes did not leave this morning as he expected. Tell Porter I have examined his mare today. I do not think she has fallen off much. Write to me on the receipt of this and forward to Verden. Let me know when you will move or whether you have moved. There has been no weather for gardening, so I do not expect that Porter has done anything yet. I can get some sweet \npotatoes  from [S ]--had I better do so","Sunday March 29 [1863]","My Dear Wife \nYours of the 25th was received last evening. On Tuesday I went to Richmond and returned on Thursday. On Friday morning I went to Fredericksburg and returned on yesterday. I saw Philander--he was well and had received your letter. He had joined a company in the 13th Virginia Regt and thought probably he might go into actual service. ","Since I left Fredericksburg our army have used up a large proportion of the timber for firewood--the timber being cut down--the Yankee truly are in full view for miles. The soldiers have been ordered to send nearly all their baggage to Richmond so as to have nothing but what they can carry upon their backs. Some think there will be a movement either forward or backward in a few days. ","Porter's business at Richmond is to have adjusted the pay coming to the Missouri troops. He was nearly through with his business when I left Richmond. He had not determined on what route he would return to the west. I regret very much that we moved into that house since they have taken the store room for a hospital--as sickness has generally followed the army. But I suppose among [P ] of Brownsburg it would be heretical to suppose that anyone would be sick without a special decree from above. ","I think it probable that I may be that way in 10 or 15 days. There is some business to do in Culpeper and probably in Buckingham. I may go on horseback if so I shall ride mare and go into Brownsburg. I am not positive about it. We had a very rainy day yesterday--it is cold today. It is near the first of April and there is very little plowing done in this neighbourhood, everything is very backward, nothing green except wheat and that very poor. ","Give my love to the children and believe me truly yours, \nM H Johnson","Beverly \nSaturday 25 [April] 1863 ","My Dear Wife \nBeverly was taken yesterday after about two hours cannonading and some but not much skirmishing of infantry. The abolitionists were about 1300 in number. Latham succeeded in burning all his stores. [He] succeeded in getting away in the direction of Philippi with little or no loss of men. Our cavalry pursued, but I fear without any success. ","If Porter has not started tell him to stay where he is. The bad management here has [lessened] my confidence in this command. The bridges are gone over Greenbrier river and the road might not be safe on account of Union men. I hope he has not started or that you did not receive my last letter. I am very tired and pretty well worn out. I have no doubt but Latham will burn the bridge at \nPhilippi. ","Yours in haste \nMHJ","Hillery's, 9 miles West of Beverly  \nTuesday April [28, 1863] ","My Dear Wife \nFortune has favored us though we do not deserve it. We had advanced to within 12 miles of Philippi--the same distance from Buckannon--news came that 8 Brigades had reinforced the enemy--we commenced to retreat on Beverly and had reached this point. This morning we know that the enemy have fled from Buckhannon \u0026 Philippi--that Jones has captured New Creek and destroyed the Railroad at Rowlesburg. We start west again this morning either by Buckannon or Philippi.","Had Jackson been in command we would have been in Clarksburg today, The railroad would have been destroyed. When we turned back almost every man was dissatisfied--all wanted to fight the enemy without regard to numbers. Mrs. J. Arnold  --sister of Gen. Jackson--went off with the yankees. Arnold stayed at home says he is a good southern man, that his wife is crazy but Hell he says, could not govern a Jackson.","If Porter comes he must come with a crowd or with the mail which has a guard. Love to you all.","May 1st 1863","I was too late for the mail when I wrote the note on this sheet. We have been here two days. I do not know when we shall leave. I shall not be able to leave this command while it stays here and shall have to share its fortunes. The enemy have retired to Grafton \u0026 Clarksburg. Our information is very uncertain. Gen. Jones we are informed is at Evansville. It is very hard to communicate with him and we may have to form a junction with him before we advance against Clarksburg.","The Union people have fled by thousands. Dick was near Henson Hoff's--Hoff and his two sons have fled. He had held office under the Lincoln Government. If Porter has not started he had better come with the crowd that guards the mail. I have purchased dress patterns enough for our family for some time to come (calico Gingham) \u0026 also for Mr. Withrow's and some others, cloth for \nPorter and entire suit overcoat \u0026 c. I have boxed them up- do not know when they will reach you. I have been appointed agent to take charge of all abandoned property. This will be a heavy work--","Weston \nMay 5th [1863] ","My Dear Wife \nI believe I wrote to you from Beverly. I have written to you since but missed the mail. After the affair at Beverly on Friday we left Beverly on Saturday about noon, marched 9 miles and encamped on Sunday. We marched to a point equidistant from Buckhannon and Philippi. Hearing nothing from Jones and learning that Mulligan had reinforced Gen Roberts we fell back to \nwithin 9 miles of Beverly. We again started for Buckhannon before reaching that point the enemy had evacuated the place--burnt a [ ] amt of commissaries stores \u0026 c. A large no of the Union men going with them.","We remained at Buckhannon two or three days waiting to hear from Gen. Jones, having lost sight of him at Evansville. Gen. Jones arrived at Buckhannon Saturday morning, having been at [ ], Morgantown, Fairmont, [Skinnston], Bridgeport, Philippi. We immediately marched to Weston arriving here on Sunday morning. Beyond Evansville the Railroad was torn up for a considerable distance. The fine bridge at Fairmont was [blown] down. There was a fight at Fairmont, several killed, 400 prisoners taken. 3 killed \nat Bridgeport \u0026 c. Gen Jones command brought in 1200 horses taken from Union and secession men without pay. Father lost about 30 so the men say--he will be paid some day Gen Jones has consented that Dick may take one of the horses taken from Father. I am glad our troops got the horses pay or no pay. ","Mason [Hisser] \u0026 Ed Payne now along--I do not know when the next move will be made. The enemy are massing their strength at Clarksburg and probably outnumber us. It think it likely that Gen. Jones will make another raid around the enemy before Gen. Imboden advances upon Clarksburg. A fight may take place at Clarksburg, some days hence. Our friends are completely \nsubdued, talk in whispers are afraid to speak out.","At Buckhannon I purchased about two hundred dollars worth of goods, mostly plain dry goods--put them in a box with some purchased by the Qr Master of the 31st Virginia Regt. I believe he has the goods with him, do not know whether he will ever have an opportunity to send them out. I have purchased fifty dollars worth here but do ot know what to do with them--having no transportation. There are plenty fo goods but the difficulty is what to do with them.  Porter arrived here yesterday, he is well. I do not know when either of us will return.","Camp Kemper, Near Staunton \nSept 23d 1864 ","My Dear Wife \nI reported here this morning, at Staunton yesterday morning--may start to Richmond any morning on short notice. Found Dick's horse of no value he gave out before I had reached Middlebrook. With much labour I reached a point 3 miles beyond Staunton by 9 o'clock at night--next morning sent the horse to English's. I staid in Staunton 2 days with the hope of hearing some of the \nparticulars of the fight in the Valley, some of the casualties but could learn nothing of the kind.","The account of the battle is about as follows. The enemy in far superior number attacked Early about day light. We held our own until 3 o'clock driving the enemy some two miles--at which time our Cavalry upon the left embracing Vaughan's, Imboden's, McCausland's, and Wickham's brigade gave way. This placed the enemy's cavalry in Winchester in the rear of our infantry and close upon our wagon train. The wagon train would have been destroyed but for the large number of stragglers with the train--the\nYankee Cavalry mistaking them for a strong guard. Our infantry retired fighting saving the train and all the artillery but 3 pieces. I cannot learn the names of any of the killed wounded or captured except Gen. Rodes \u0026 Gen. Godwin killed. Gen Lee wounded. I shall go back to Staunton this evening and if I can learn any other names I will enclose them in this letter. Gen. Breckinridge is in Staunton today on his way to take command in S.W. Virginia. Nearly all our dead and wounded fell into the hands of the enemy--our loss being about 3,000. Those who passed over the ground from which we drove the enemy until 3 o'clock think the loss of the enemy greater than ours.","You have doubtless heard before this of the arrival of Richard Brown's family at Doct McChesney's. 5 families in all came through--the Yankees giving permission to all to come who desired to do so. Tell Leake to tell Mr. Higgenbotham that his detail was granted upon the ground of private necessity until the first of November. The detail has been here since the 15 of August. Tell Leake to gather all the fodder he can, but not to work too hard. If our army should fall back up the Valley have the barrels that are fixed filled with flour so that you can move it from the mill should it become necessary.","Yours  \nM H Johnson","Fitz Lee Cavalry were whipped on Thursday in the Page Valley losing 4 pieces of Artillery. Gen Early was at Woodstock last night having lost 12 pieces of artillery at Fisher's Hill or some other point--he is falling back up the Valley. The excitement here is on the increase. Capt. Corder was killed. Col. Patton of the 22 badly wounded and in the hands of the enemy. Accounts on both sides in the Examiner not far from the truth regarding the stand point from which the view is taken. All say our cavalry has acted badly. Let \nthe advocates of plunder remember.","Richmond \nOct 11 64 ","My Dear Wife \nLeaving Staunton on Sunday evening of the break up I reached this place on Tuesday evening. Have been well since. The reserves are here on guard duty--encamped on the Manchester side of the river. At the great fright here last Friday week a portion of our command was sent to the front. I was not among the number. On Monday morning there was a severe frost here--ice forming upon buckets of water outside the tents. I suppose the early frost has [swept] or ruined our cane patch. I would be better to procure barrels and have as much of the flour ground as you can. Porter had better have his ground and forwarded to Richmond--if he desires it at this point before he leaves. I see the cadets are ordered to Richmond. Tell Porter if he has not started that he will find me at the camp at Manchester.","Every thing is again very quiet about here for the last few days not a distant cannon has been heard for several days. Henry Mahoney was among the returned prisoners. A gentleman desires Ella Wade to be informed that her husband at Fort McHenry was well last week. If Porter has not started he should bring with him his white overcoat and blanket as the nights are very cold here--at least have been. I have not heard from home since I left. You have doubtless heard of the arrival at Lebanon of J H Haymond's family--well provided with many things. Direct care of Mr. Bennett.","Lexington, Sunday \nDec. 4th, 1864 ","My Dear Wife \nI have been busy all day but I know you will be disappointed if you do not get a line from me tomorrow. It was impossible for me to leave here today but I will try and be at home next Sunday. Gen. Smith says that the Cadets will have a short furlough but I think it doubtful. I am hoping that Porter will get permission to come home for a few days, but suppose he will have to bear his own expenses--probably the money would be better spent by him in buying such little things as he needs, but if he comes all right. The \nGen. says they will draw another suit of clothes. ","I had but little to eat when Philander was here and made but a poor show. Tell Leake that Jeff and I made a fine feast on his rabbit. Jeff is very well contented, but wants to eat when I do and becomes very impatient if I do let him eat with me. I shall have a clerk after today and a very good one if he will keep sober--which he has promised to do, but which no one believes he will do. I was hungry I believe and will have eaten up what you sent in a day or two--you can send me enough bread and meat to last until Saturday--send by the stage driver, also write me at the same time. Send me any of the rib pieces as I have a cap I can make [h ]. Excuse this scrawl and believe me truly yours. Brother Porter complains that I do not write to him. \nM H Johnson ","Tell Mr. Newlon \u0026 Crawford if they come this way to come and stay with me.","Lexington, March 7 65 ","My Dear Wife \nThe latest news from Staunton is about as we first heard. Our loss--1200 in prisoners, only 4 killed and wounded. Col. Harmon killed. Mr. Church's story all a fabrication. ","Jackson is expected at Brownsburg tonight--whether he will have any troops with him or not I do not know. If you are all well send Leake to the Gen and ask him to stay all night. ","Jackson's and Imboden's men united with Rosser and pursued the enemy down the valley and may attack the guard and try to rescue the prisoners--but I hardly expect it as the Guard is a large one and Sheridan said to be along the the guard. ","Truly yours, \nMHJ","Richmond  \nJany 12, 1865 ","My Darling Sister \nYour sweet little letter was received this evening. I was truly glad to hear from home and you. I have now been from home over two weeks, and not a line until I received your letter this evening. I did not know but some evil genii had enchanted you all with some magic spell and changed you all into beast or birds, so you cannot imagine how much relieved I was when I read your letter and found you all still retain your original forms. I arrived safely here several days after I left home. Uncle Will  arrived several days ago. I got the things he brought. I am exceedingly obliged  to mother for them, they were very nice indeed.","We are very poorly fixed here for study, twenty in a room, one small table, no chairs or stools, but one gas burner, and attached to the side of the wall instead of the center of the room where it ought to be. There is but one little stove in the room and the meanest coal that you can imagine. We have but two meals a day which is quite often enough of the kind, bread and beef for breakfast and beef and bread for dinner. However I am living and well. I have been but to two meals in the mess hall in the last four days. I intend to leave here as soon as possible. I will have to cut my \nletter short as the gentleman who is going to carry it is in a hurry. ","I was on guard last night and sat up until midnight reading Hiawatha which will probably account for the following lines. 2 I was just thinking what I should write you about my stay in Staunton when these lines occurred to me. I expect they will cause some amusement for you. It is my first attempt at writing poetry and I am not certain that I succeed very well, but it was written on the spur of the moment and under great difficulties. You must excuse all mistakes as I am writing in the dark nearly. To all good night.","From your affectionate  \nBrother Porter ","PS Write soon and give me all of the items of news and what you all think of my leaving here. Uncle [Porter] thinks I had as well leave. \nGoodbye  \nPorter","Richmond \nFeb 5th 1865 ","Dear Mother \nYour kind letter was received and read with pleasure. I was glad to get a letter from you once more, one written by your own dear self. I am very sorry now that I have not written to you ere this but I was thinking like yourself that every mail would bring me a letter from mother, but none came. I am convinced now that I ought not to have waited so long, as I see it was my duty as well as pleasure to write to my dear mother. I am so sorry that by not writing to you that I should have caused one shadow to hover o'er\nyour brow or one pang of sadness to enter your heart. I would not intentionally grieve my mother for anything in reason. I am a naughty boy, but mother dear you must forgive me this time. ","I am so sorry for you all at home that the weather is so cold. I sincerely hope you have plenty of wood. We have not had cold weather here [ ] and I have been very comfortable. Although I did not find but one of my blankets, however the one that was lost did not belong to me and the one to whom it did belong being wealthy very kindly told me it made no difference about it. Although I suffer a great many inconveniences here they are nothing to me compared with what you have to put up with. You must make yourself perfectly easy about me and do not imagine me suffering when I am very comfortable. We have Bible class every Sunday. I recite to Col. Preston, or rather hear him lecture. He makes the time spent with him pass very pleasantly and also imparts much useful and interesting knowledge. I had a permit last Wednesday. Called to see Mrs. Neason, she was very cordial indeed \u0026 invited me to spend all the time that I had to myself with her and to come every permit I got and spend the day which I promised to do. She complimented you very highly on the [way] you managed your affairs in West Virginia. I expect to get a permit on Saturday week when I shall go and see her again. ","I intend to leave here the first of March. I came here by my own consent and with the understanding that I was to leave at the end of a year. I will soon have been two instead of one. I am sorry to say I am not getting along as well with my studies as I would wish.","Richmond  \nFeb 23d 1865","Dear Father \nYour welcome letter was received last night. Uncle Porter had been here in the evening and told that he had received a letter from you stating that you had written me permission to resign. I am very much gratified at your kind concess[ion] in my wishes, and pleased to find that your own ideas correspond with mine on so important a subject. ","I feel it due to myself as well as to you to state to you some of the reasons I have for leaving here and giving up the only opportunity which I shall perhaps ever have of getting an education. In the first place I am past nineteen years old and I think that it is my duty to be in the army. All who stay here after they become eighteen are generally considered shirkers. Then I do not think that the school will continue much longer than the first of April, for is it reasonable to suppose or can it even be expected that in this the death struggle of the Confederacy when every man woman and child should be at his or her post, when every nerve is to \nbe strained to attain the object which we have so long fought for, that two or three hundred well drilled, able bodied men will be allowed to remain idle and inactive? I am sure the answer of any rational man will be No! ","Then acting on the supposition that the corps will be ordered into service soon at all events, I think it advisable to resign while I \ncan, and while I have the power to join any command that I think proper. A right granted all cadets resigning by order of the Sct \nWar. And as for education, I look at it in this light. If we are subjugated the less education and refinement a man has the better for him, for the nearer the man approaches the brute the less feeling he has, and in the above contingency our condition will be little better than that of brutes. To look at the same question from another point, if the war continues, I will have to enter the army sooner or later. If I am killed education will profit me nothing, but suppose we gain our independence and I should be so fortunate as to survive the war, almost every youth in the Confederacy will be in my own lamentable condition without education or polish.","I think I shall hand in my resignation in about a week or so, I wish to finish analytic before leaving. I would like to join cavalry but do not see how I am to keep myself in horses.","Next I thought of mounted horse artillery but for the present I thought of accepting a second Ltc in the 2d Foreign Battalion, a position which I can get I think without much trouble. Uncle Porter advised me to take it at once as he thought it better to leave now if I could get a position than to wait a while and go as a private. There are several of my acquaintances in the same Battalion and one of my most intimate friends left the other day for a 1st Lt in the same. I cannot use the permission you sent me, it is right with the exception that you omitted to state that I resigned to enter the military service of the C.S. Please send me another with this addition. ","Please excuse mistakes as I have written under difficulties and in haste. ","From your affectionate Son, \nPorter.","New's Ferry, March 27th 1865 ","Dear Father \nI received both of your last letters. The one dated the 4th March first and the one dated 1st, a few days ago. I would have written to you before this, but thought I would wait until certain communication could be established. I did not get to see Mr. Newlon before he left or would have written by him. ","I resigned about two weeks ago. I have been in the trenches one week since, with the Corps. It then took me a week or such a matter to make my arrangements to leave the city. I have accepted the place I wrote you about, and am now on my way to join my command, it is at Charlotte, NC. I would like very much to have come home before going into the army, but the way not being open when I had the time at my own disposal I did not attempt it. ","It would have been a needless expense, and one which Uncle Porter advised me not to incur, though if the way had been clear I certainly should have come. My expenses at the V.M.I. were one hundred and fifty ($150) dollars. I will enclose you a statement of my financial account. I left Richmond Thursday and was two days getting to this place. I am at present at Mr Chalmers, the father of one of my classmates and friends. The son invited The son invited to his fathers house. I wanted some place on the line to leave my trunk. This is the place exactly, it is on a direct line from the south to R and quite safe from the enemy there. The family are so kind. Mr C has invited me to make his house my home, as long as I am pleased to stay, but I shall only remain two or three days. ","I am tolerably equipped. Uncle P bought me a small pair of saddle bags for fifty (50) dollars. He also gave me an oilcloth. I am going to take as little baggage with me as possible and will try and take care of it. On parting from Mr Neeson he gave me some good advice just as you would have done and I saw that he felt a deep interest in my welfare. He also offered me money but I declined because I thought Uncle P had given me what he thought proper. You cannot be too grateful to Mr. Neeson and his family for their kindness to me. I wish you would write to him about it. I wish them to know how grateful I feel to them. ","I hope to see you again but have not the most remote idea when. When you write to me again direct to Lt. Porter Johnson 2d Foreign Battalion, Charlotte NC. Write soon to your affectionate son.  \nPorter Johnson","Dearling Mother \nI have not received a single line from you since a few days before the enemy's raid. I have heard once from home through Papa, but it made me sad than otherwise though I was truly glad to know that you were all well. My dear mother, I have now launched my bark on the ocean of life, and though the clouds lower around me and the waves roll high, I hope by the help of God, to [sp---t] \nthe flood. ","I have thought a great deal about home and friends. I would have liked very much to have come home to see all of the dear ones again, but as it would have been a mere gratification and would have accomplished nothing I suppose it is best as it is. I am now staying at a very kind gentlemans in Halifax County.","I have met with some very kind friends indeed since I resigned. Mrs Neeson has been almost a mother to me, just as kind as she could be. She often talks of you and thinks Papa one of the best men in the world. I almost fell in love with her daughter Mary a quiet unassuming and modest girl of fourteen summers. There is a little bright eyed beauty of twelve years, sitting by me while I write, [ ] my [ ]. Give my best love to all. The girls must write me soon. Give my especial love to Leake, tell him to be a good boy and mind his mother. Write to me soon mother! ","Your devoted son, Porter","Prison Hospital \nCamp Chase, Ohio, June 18, 1865 ","Dear Mother \nThe order for release of prisoners has at last arrived. I expect to be released in about a week. It is a bitter pill but has to be swallowed. I do not expect to be home immediately. J.W. McCorkle is sick, he expects to go to his Uncles in Cabell county. I must go with him. He would do the same for me and more. Then I will go by West Va. I shall stop a few days then hasten home as fast as possible. I am in good health. I have not heard from any at Bridgeport for three weeks, they were all well at that time. Eddie \nWithrow is well, he is going directly home. Jake [Tucker] is well. The thoughts of soon again being clasped in a mothers embrace, Oh! isn't it glorious. My best love to all, regards to my friends. ","From your Affectionate Son  \nPorter Johnson esq  \nSoon to be Citizen of the United States of America Good and Loyal","Dear Sister Allie \nYour letter came duly to hand. I am truly happy to see you are such a punctual correspondent. Did you send the book I wrote for by Mr. C. I saw him the other day but he did not say whether he had brought it or not. I saw a splendid life size picture of Gen. Lee put up in the House of Delegates on Wednesday, it was by Bruce a very ordinary looking man. He asks six five thousand ($65,000) dollars for it. You ought to be here to see the crowds of ladies that flock to see us on dress parade and some very pretty ones I can tell you. I have almost fallen in love with one or two myself. Miss Lou H was out to see us today escorted by Maj. Stuart. She invited me to see her she was looking better than I ever saw her."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohnson Family papers, 1858-1865. MS 0342. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Johnson Family papers, 1858-1865. MS 0342. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p15821coll11/id/1545\"\u003ePorter Johnson's memoir of the Battle of New Market\u003c/a\u003e is available online\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Porter Johnson's memoir of the Battle of New Market  is available online"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of 26 letters, bulk 1862-1865, from Mortimer Howell Johnson and his son Porter to members of their immediate family. The Johnson Family, originally from West Virginia, moved to Brownsburg in Rockbridge County, Virginia, although they maintained close ties to their former home. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTopics in Mortimer's letters include civilian life during the war, the animosity between Union and Confederate sympathizers in West Virginia (the letter of April 28, 1863 discusses the Union loyalty of Stonewall Jackson's sister, Laura Jackson Arnold), the Battle of Fredericksburg and its aftermath (December 1862), the Jones-Imboden Raid (West Virginia, April 1863).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePorter's letters include a discussion of VMI cadet life at the Alms House in Richmond, Virginia where the Corps was headquartered during the last months of the Civil War.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Richmond, Virginia. Letter contains family news and comments on work of the state legislature.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Brownsburg, Virginia. Letter regards the inflated prices of grain used to produce whiskey for soldiers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Staunton, Virginia. Letter regards family news and expresses concerns about high cost of food.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards family news and mentions woman who is a Union sympathizer. Letter also mentions that Porter Johnson is eager to join the army.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards the Battle of Fredericksburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards the Battle of Fredericksburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Fredericksburg, Virginia. Letter regards the Battle of Fredericksburg and personal news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Fredericksburg, Virginia. Letter regards family and business news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards family friends who have been wounded, refugee families, and a problem with currency.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Camp near Verden.\" Letter regards family news and mentions situation in West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Lynchburg, Virginia. Letter regards personal news, and inflated prices.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Camp Near Verden.\" Letter regards family and business news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards family and business news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Beverly, West Virginia. Letter regards the Jones-Imboden Raid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten at \"Hillery's, 9 miles west of Beverley,\" West Virginia. Letter regards the Jones-Imboden Raid, West Virginia and the Union sympathies of Laura Ann Arnold (Jackson).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Weston, West Virginia. Letter regards the Jones-Imboden Raid and burning of bridge at Fairmont.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Camp Kemper, near Staunton, Virginia. Letter regards the Battle of Winchester, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Richmond, Virginia. Letter regards general family, business, and Civil War news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards family and business news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards General Sheridan's location in the valley.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from the Alms House in Richmond, Virginia, where VMI was headquartered from December 1864 until Richmond was evacuated in April 1865. Letter regards life at the Alms House.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from the Alms House in Richmond, Virginia, where VMI was headquartered from December 1864 until Richmond was evacuated in April 1865. Letter regards general news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from the Alms House in Richmond, Virginia. Letter regards Porter Johnson's decision to join the Army.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten at \"New's Ferry.\" Letter regards Porter Johnson joining the Army.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten at \"New's Ferry.\" Letter regards general news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Prison Hospital, Camp Chase, Ohio. Letter regards an order for release of prisoners.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards dress parades.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of 26 letters, bulk 1862-1865, from Mortimer Howell Johnson and his son Porter to members of their immediate family. The Johnson Family, originally from West Virginia, moved to Brownsburg in Rockbridge County, Virginia, although they maintained close ties to their former home. ","Topics in Mortimer's letters include civilian life during the war, the animosity between Union and Confederate sympathizers in West Virginia (the letter of April 28, 1863 discusses the Union loyalty of Stonewall Jackson's sister, Laura Jackson Arnold), the Battle of Fredericksburg and its aftermath (December 1862), the Jones-Imboden Raid (West Virginia, April 1863).","Porter's letters include a discussion of VMI cadet life at the Alms House in Richmond, Virginia where the Corps was headquartered during the last months of the Civil War.","Written from Richmond, Virginia. Letter contains family news and comments on work of the state legislature.","Written from Brownsburg, Virginia. Letter regards the inflated prices of grain used to produce whiskey for soldiers.","Written from Staunton, Virginia. Letter regards family news and expresses concerns about high cost of food.","Letter regards family news and mentions woman who is a Union sympathizer. Letter also mentions that Porter Johnson is eager to join the army.","Letter regards the Battle of Fredericksburg, Virginia.","Letter regards the Battle of Fredericksburg, Virginia.","Written from Fredericksburg, Virginia. Letter regards the Battle of Fredericksburg and personal news.","Written from Fredericksburg, Virginia. Letter regards family and business news.","Letter regards family friends who have been wounded, refugee families, and a problem with currency.","Written from \"Camp near Verden.\" Letter regards family news and mentions situation in West Virginia.","Written from Lynchburg, Virginia. Letter regards personal news, and inflated prices.","Written from \"Camp Near Verden.\" Letter regards family and business news.","Letter regards family and business news.","Written from Beverly, West Virginia. Letter regards the Jones-Imboden Raid.","Written at \"Hillery's, 9 miles west of Beverley,\" West Virginia. Letter regards the Jones-Imboden Raid, West Virginia and the Union sympathies of Laura Ann Arnold (Jackson).","Written from Weston, West Virginia. Letter regards the Jones-Imboden Raid and burning of bridge at Fairmont.","Written from Camp Kemper, near Staunton, Virginia. Letter regards the Battle of Winchester, Virginia.","Written from Richmond, Virginia. Letter regards general family, business, and Civil War news.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards family and business news.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards General Sheridan's location in the valley.","Written from the Alms House in Richmond, Virginia, where VMI was headquartered from December 1864 until Richmond was evacuated in April 1865. Letter regards life at the Alms House.","Written from the Alms House in Richmond, Virginia, where VMI was headquartered from December 1864 until Richmond was evacuated in April 1865. Letter regards general news.","Written from the Alms House in Richmond, Virginia. Letter regards Porter Johnson's decision to join the Army.","Written at \"New's Ferry.\" Letter regards Porter Johnson joining the Army.","Written at \"New's Ferry.\" Letter regards general news.","Written from Prison Hospital, Camp Chase, Ohio. Letter regards an order for release of prisoners.","Letter regards dress parades."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_5593780f55ffb147ac91bc6b6cf6a7b0\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Johnson Family","Johnson, Porter, 1845-1917","Johnson, Mortimer H. (Mortimer Howell), 1815-1889","Arnold, Laura Ann Jackson, 1826-1911","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","Letcher, John, 1813-1884","Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865 (General subdivision: Assassination.)","Sheridan, Philip Henry, 1831-1888"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"names_coll_ssim":["Johnson Family","Arnold, Laura Ann Jackson, 1826-1911"],"famname_ssim":["Johnson Family"],"persname_ssim":["Johnson, Porter, 1845-1917","Johnson, Mortimer H. (Mortimer Howell), 1815-1889","Arnold, Laura Ann Jackson, 1826-1911","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","Letcher, John, 1813-1884","Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865 (General subdivision: Assassination.)","Sheridan, Philip Henry, 1831-1888"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":29,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:10:42.873Z","odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRichmond, Feby 10 58\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Leake\u003cbr\u003e \nI received your letter this morning and was glad to hear that you are well and that you have made up your mind to be a good boy and learn to read and write, so that when I am away from home you can write to me for yourself. It would afford me great pleasure to see you and to have you here with me. It would please you very much to see the big brass horse on the Washington \nmonument. But Leake, if you will be a good boy and learn your book and acquire a great deal of information and knowledge, you can come down here yourself some day and see Richmond and all the sights that are worth seeing here. The legislature is working very slow and not doingmuch good for the country. The House is not in session yet this morning. At 8 o'clock I left my boarding house came by the Post Office and barber shop at half past 9 in the house and engaged in writing this letter to you. The house meets at 11 o'clock and adjourns about 3 o'clock, so that we get dinner at half past 3. Sometimes the house does not adjourn until later. You set down in the house with a comfortable cushioned chair to sit upon, a desk before you to write upon and it frequently happens that while a member thinks he is making a very fine speech, one half the members are engaged in writing letters or reading newspapers. I suppose you have heard of the fight that happened in Congress last Saturday. It was disgraceful to the Nation andthe men that were engaged in it are heartily ashamed of it. You are the first that mentioned Katy in your letters. I had almost forgotten her. How is Sam Burdett and the rest of the boys or have you been so close at home that you have not seen them. I want you above all things Leake to be kind to others. How would you like to deny yourself at table and refuse to eat, until you see all the rest comfortably seated. This would be true politeness, \nand you would soon learn to be happy in seeing others happy. This would soon afford you a great pleasure, and you would then learn to \"do unto others as you would have others do unto you.\" Hoping to hear form you soon. I remain \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTruly yours\u003cbr\u003e \nM. H. Johnson\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBrownsburg, Rockbridge Virginia\u003cbr\u003eFebruary 2, 1862\u003cbr\u003eC.W. Newlon, Esq\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Sir\u003cbr\u003eExpecting you home in a few days. I have concluded to write to you again upon the subject of impressments and praying that something may be done, and that promptly to arrest the distillation of grain. Corn is now $1.12 and it would not surprise me if it reached $2.00 per bushel before the 1st of April. Ten barrels of whiskey were sold in this county a few days since at the almost fabulous price of three dollars per gal. If these prices are demanded and obtained for new liquor fresh from the still what is to \nprevent corn from being advanced before October to $5.00 per bu. Self preservation is the 1st law of nature and why should not that law apply to nations as well as to individuals. What will be our condition should the enemy push their raids so far into the interior as to destroy our railroad connections. If we expect to maintain our position, our stores of subsistence should be preserved. The North expected to starve us out when the war commenced. All that recognize a superintending providence had \ncause to thank the giver of daily bread last year for our unusually heavy crop of all kinds of grain. It was every where considered as an evidence that the Lord was on our side. Grant that it was so will he continue to be if we abuse his choicest favors-- if we convert ourselves into a nation of extortioners and have for our soldiers an army of drunkards. Grant as some contend that liquor is necessary for the soldiers should not a limit be placed upon the price of it . Liquor for which 3 dollars per gal is paid after running the blockade of the camp is frequently sold to the soldier at the high price of from one to five dollars per pint. If it is \nnecessary for the soldier it should be added to his rations and handed out under proper rules and regulations and every other person detected in smuggling liquor into the camp should be summarily and severely punished. Upon the summits of the Alleghaneys Gen. Johnson does not think it necessary to the health of the soldier and has with great diligence prevented its introduction to his camp. From what I can learn he has emptied of their contents more than fifty barrels in the last few weeks. This is seizing the bull by the horns . He is not tainted with that miserable fastidious delicacy of sentiment that is fearful of hurting somebody's feelings. He is entrusted with the defense of one of the important passes into the valley of Virginia and with a moral heroism equal to his fierce courage in the hours of conflict with the enemy he does not stop to inquire whether\nany body is hurt. How are the people of the valley who remain at home acting towards the heroic defenders of the Alleghany but for whose \nindomitable courage in repulsing an overwhelming body of the enemy the valley would now be overrun by marauding hordes of black Republican soldiers. While these brave men are enduring the rigors of a climate at an elevation where snow, rain or hail is an every day occurrence these that remain at home are engaged in all kinds of speculation. Every lb of butter though produced in unusually huge quantities is retailed to the soldiers at fifty cents per lb \u0026amp; c.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStaunton, Sept. 20th, 1862\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Wife\u003cbr\u003eIt is possible that some ladies will leave here in a few days for Upshur County. I avail myself of the opportunity to inform you so far we are all well though there is and has been a great deal of sickness all over of this country. The girls are now boarding at a very good house in Brownsburg. The family not wanting help [Alcinda] is at Mr. Newlons. Porter and I left Brownsburg the last of September for the Mountains. We were one day too late to go with [Jenkins] or we might have attempted to get home. Porter has gone down the Valley towards Winchester and I shall start down today and fall in with him. We shall go as far as Maryland thence to Faquier and probably Rappahannock. I saw Gen Johnson a few days since, he was in good health and spirits. I have not heard from Philander for some time but \nsuppose that he is well. W. P. Kemble is still at Clarksville, Mecklenburg Co., Va. W. E. Kimble is at Richmond and well. He sent me 250 dollars. [Benton] sent me 250 dollars some time since. I received a letter from [Benton]- also one from Porter a few days since. They have both gone to Missouri to assist in organizing the troops in that State. Events are transpiring so rapidly at the present time that I should suppose both would tire of death and carnage. If the tide of war does not bring us home this fall I scarcely know what course to ask you to pursue. If you could bring sufficient with you to go to house keeping and meat to eat and other small articles there would be no difficulty in procuring a house in any part of the country, but it is almost impossible to procure any thing at this time in this country. Bacon is fifty cents sugar 80, coffee 2.00. -- calico 1.50 \nper yd., \u0026amp; c. But you have doubtly seen the prices of articles south in the Northern papers. I have not received a line from you since May. I saw young Cochran a few days since, he said he had seen you somewhere before he left, but did not speak to you. It was a satisfaction to know that you were well. I do not now know whether you have received any of my letters written with regard to the suits brought against me, therefore I repeat here what I have said in all my letters -- to pay no attention to their suits and do not \ntrouble yourself as to what disposition is made of the property- simply preserve all my books and papers. If you can get any thing from [T___] or Potts, do so, receipting to them for what you get. The girls are well pleased at the house they are now boarding at. The refugee families are all well. I do not know who of our soldiers have been killed in the fights at Manassas, Harpers Ferry, and in Maryland, but think the Taylor boys have escaped. Give my love to Leake and tell him for me to keep at his books.\u003cbr\u003e \nBelieve me truly yours\u003cbr\u003e \nM H Johnson\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePorter has been anxious to go into the army this winter and I have half promised him that could he get to see you again he might go. He feels mortified at his present position and he is ambitious to take some part in the war. His idea is that a man has but one time to die and that a few years more or less will not make any difference. He says that he is able to carry a musket and that if he\ndoes not raise his arm in defence of his country under existing circumstances he shall never feel like asking a Southern woman to marry him and that a northern woman he would not have under any circumstances. George Armstrong was at Brownsburg when I left. He had come down on a visit. He is able to walk with the use of one crutch. He\nis conditionally true to his engagement . If what he shall have heard about be true of her joining in the reception at Grafton of the Yankee invaders he will suffer his other leg to be crippled and both arms torn from his body before he would have her or any other woman that by act of courtesy received a yankee favorably. George is a brave man, he is true to his country, and true to his love\nprovided she has been true to herself. I approve his course. I detest with intense hatred the time serving policy pursued in our country and I told Mr. [Ceplin] very frankly that it was with reluctance that I gave my hand to a man who was in the habit of shaking hands with the Yankees or what is worse the Union men of NW Virginia and I do not think I am an exception. Tho I have mentioned to you the sickness here, do not give yourself any uneasiness about it. Mr. Newlon promised that if Alcinda or her child gets sick, that he will take care of them. As we have been favored so far I still trust to Providence to preserve\nus in future. The girls are at a good house and should they get sick are in good hands- - Fanny is very careful they have all been using preventives so be of good cheer and do not get out of heart. Philander is well though I have not seen him for about a year. Porter and I went to Winchester, stayed in the Army ten days, but Philander was absent. We passed him as we went down the Valley and did not know. The fences are burned, this makes the road wide. To be relieved of the dust we were frequently 50 yards\nfrom the road. Philander has charge of about 100 wagons and was going to Rockingham for corn, thus we missed him. I suppose he gets about 100 dollars per month. I do not think he is drinking in fact he has not been. Porter I suppose will go the Army to see him. Say to Mr. Gawthrop that his son is well. He has been detailed as a butcher at $50 per month. William Sharps is his assistant. Saml\nTucker was seriously wounded at the battle of Manassas, but it is thought will recover. Uriah has recovered from his wound and is again in the Army. Jac is not yet able to go in the Army but is at the hospital taking care of Saml. H. Mahany and John are well, also the two Robinsons and James Boyd. I received a letter from Brother Porter and one from Thomas written the 27th of August, I have not heard since. They were well at that time. I do not think they were in the battle of Corinth as they had been sent on other service at that time. Porter expressed a desire that his family should be on this side of the line - his principle fear was that Tell might be made to swear he does not wish him to take an oath on any account. If there is no danger of Tell being sworn probably they had better stay where they are. W.P. Goff must be informed that he will be held personally responsible should he on any account permit or not prevent the administering of any of them oaths to Tell. Porter also swears by all that is sacred that he will hold some men in Clarksburg responsible for any indignity that may be offered to Father in any way, shape or form. Tell Emily that I try to keep Porter apprized that she is well \u0026amp; c. I have just seen a young man from Clarksburg and I shall write to\nPorter in the morning. I again repeat my advice to Father to quit business, have no cattle or other goods, convert everything into gold at even 40 percent and bury it, and put no tombstone to its grave. Give my love to Leake, tell him to be a good boy to attend to his book and say his lessons to you. I do not want him sent to school. I would not have him taught by anyone I know save yourself. I do not want him to associate with the children of the Union people in your section of the State. Tell Leake that Porter and I have slept out of doors a good many nights. We do this sooner than ask people to keep us all night, it is nothing to be refused a lodging for the night for love or money-- still there are some clever people. I have but one motto that is to \"run with patience the race set before,\" this I intend to do. So be of good cheer and do not despair.\u003cbr\u003e\nTruly yours,\u003cbr\u003e\nM. H. Johnson\u003cbr\u003e\nSince writing Mr. C. has been looking over his letters and [shares] the enclosed note from Miss Armstrong. W.P. Kimble is well, he is at Clarksville, Mecklenburg County Virginia. I loaned to Henry C Middleton fifty dollars when I was at the oil wells. Write him a note to send you the money, say to him that you are in need of it. To your friends buying in and hold for redemption such articles\nas you need I have no objection, but things that you do not need and than can be replaced let them go---\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMonday Evening\u003cbr\u003e\nMy Dear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nI write you this note to let you know that I arrived here safely last evening. I do not look for Porter and Bradford for several days. The roads are very much cut up and I expect they will have a hard time. I started Dick to meet them, but he may miss them entirely. Our loss in the fighting that has taken place is 1742 in killed and wounded. Our dead have been buried. The Yankee dead remain\nunburied. The field of battle is still in dispute. The Yankees have not asked the privilege of burying their dead and we cannot [venture] to do it. Ours were carried off during the fight. We occupied the best position and think the enemy loss 5 to our one. I have just been to take a look at the Yankee Army. They are drawn up in line of battle, but as it is now 4 o'clock we do not think\nthere will be a fight today. The principal fight was on Friday--though in sight we feel secure. My back is better though I am yet suffering. I was offered 200 dollars for the wagon and 2 sets harness, but could get no transportation at Staunton for our load. I am writing on a moments notice so excuse this hasty note. We are 10 miles from the office----\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThursday morning\u003cbr\u003e\nMy Dear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nPorter and Bradford have not arrived yet--but unless I write today you will not hear from me until next week. This may reach you on Saturday and even [now] I must write very hastily. The loss of the abolitionists in the last battle near Fredericksburg was greater than we at first supposed. They are again on the other side of the River. I spent yesterday afternoon in going over a portion of the battle field near or adjoining the City. On the portion of the field I visited there were at least 500 dead. Under a flag of truce they were burying their dead but doing it in a very careless manner. Unless they worked last night they cannot get through before sometime today. After going through Fredericksburg and seeing the results of their vandalism I felt no sympathy for their justly merited fate. Scattered books, broken [----], furniture of all kinds and every description carried into the streets and broken to pieces. Our own loss is narrowed down to less than 400 killed and less than a thousand wounded, while the loss of the enemy cannot be less than 2000 killed and from 10 to 20 thousand wounded and missing. All who have visited the ground concur in the opinion that the dead\nare thicker upon the ground than any [field] they have seen. One could have walked for 400 yds upon the dead. This was close up to the houses reaching back 400 yds to a stone wall. Burnsides is considered a fool for making the attack, as from his camp he could see our position and defenses. Our army could have withstood an attack by 400 thousand men. Our victory was complete. I have not yet seen any Yankee account of the battle. There was some conversation on yesterday between our men and the men\ndetailed to bury the dead. They all agreed that their defeat was a terrible one. A physician told Judge G. that he thought this [------] would certainly satisfy the North. We lost [260] as prisoners who were exchanged on yesterday. We have besides about 1000 prisoners who will be paroled but you will get the news from the papers before this reaches you. All is quiet this morning. Write to me and let me know how you are getting along. Write at least twice a week as in that way probably one of the letters might reach me. Give my love to the children and believe me truly yours,\u003cbr\u003e\nMHJ\u003cbr\u003e\nPS. The 25th and 31st were not engaged. I have not seen Philander he is 12 miles distant.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Fredericksburg\u003cbr\u003e \nDec. 25th 1862\u003cbr\u003e\nMy Dear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nI should like this morning to be with you very much but as that cannot be the best I can do is to write you and let you know how\nglad I would be were it so. Days and weeks seem to me much longer now than they were before your arrival, before I could not be with you if I would; now I might were it not that I would have to give up a situation in order to gratify my wishes and my feelings. I have not heard from you since I left, but hope that you are all well and getting along well. The weather here has been much colder than the spell was at Brownsburg while I was there. From all we can gather from the Northern papers their defeat was much greater than we supposed immediately after the battle. One of their correspondents estimates 3000 wounded in one of their divisions and that the wounded are in our hands. This is not so. Their number of dead is greater than their estimate. Many of the southern Regts take no prisoners especially the Louisianians - who are determined to have revenge for the outrages of Butler and his troops -. One can form but a faint idea of the horrors of a battle field without an actual inspection upon the ground. I can assure you I should feel rejoice if the war could close without such another scene as we have witnessed here - but if our foes will not cease the War which it is in their power to do then I hope that every conflict will result as favorable to us as this great fight at Fredericksburg. Porter went to see Philander and took to him the little things you had sent to him. He needs two flannel shirts also his hat. Hopes to be able to go and see you before a great while. Jackson's Army is about 20 miles from our camp. Porter carried Mr. Rapps package and boots to him, but learned that he had been wounded and taken to Lynchburg - this I suppose is no news at Brownsburg by this time. Ask what shall be done with what was sent to him. When I wrote you last my information was that the \n31st and 25th were not engaged but this was not correct. I do not know how many were wounded or killed in either but do not think the loss was great. We have a very fine band in the same field we are in. Last night among others they played \"Old Dog Tray.\" It made me think of Carlo and your description of his faithfulness. There seems to be no gloom or dreariness of thought among our soldiers so far as\nmy observation extends. All seem cheerful and gay. The dead are buried - the wounded and sick sent off - so that the well alone \nare left. Victory inspires confidence and certainly a great victory has attended our armies and what is more the North feels and\n[ ---- ] it. When Mr. Newlon goes to Richmond let him renew our subscription to the Examiner for six months or if you prefer some other paper. Let him subscribe to the paper you prefer. Porter did not arrive here until the dead were buried so that he missed a sight. I have very much desired he should see under the hope it would lessen his desire to join the army before he is 18. Our lead was too much for the bad team we had. I left 2 barrels of apples and 65 lbs butter at Staunton. Porter afterwards left 2 barrels at Waynesboro -- arriving here with 3 2/3 bls of apples and part of his butter. The expenses of the trip were over 40 dollars - unless those left behind come on it will prove a losing business.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Fredericksburg\u003cbr\u003e \nDecember 29, 1862\u003cbr\u003e\nMy Dear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nI am still without a letter from you, nor have I heard from Brownsburg since I left. We move in the morning to some point 25 miles nearer to Richmond so you need not answer this note until you hear from me again. Only portions of the army fall back at this \ntime, but it is supposed that Gen. Lee with the main army will follow in a short time; the object being to eat up everything as we fall \nback so that the enemy will find it difficult to sustain or rather to support their army should they elect to advance. I sold the wagon, harness and the two old horses for 625 dollars including the horse I had when you arrived. I thought it better to keep the two young mares for the present. Porter was offered 300 dollars for the bay mare today but thinks she will bring more money. I have heard nothing of the butter and apples left at Staunton and Waynesboro and probably never will. If so I shall lose by my investment as I sold what arrived here for cost and expenses. You had better have your apples opened and see that they are not rotting. These that arrived here had rotted considerably. Richard started to Staunton on Saturday morning and will not return for some two weeks. I have suffered considerably for the last few days with my back and have had to use half of a bottle of liniment tonight being the first I have used since the morning I left. Porter is in good health and if he keeps well and we settle down for the winter I think I can learn him so that he can do my writing and give me an opportunity to stay with you for a short time in the month of Feby. I should like to be with you sooner but do not see how I can get away sooner with the amount of writing on hand. I have taken up for the benefit of the 31st Regt a small collection among the men in our train. You will ask Mr. Withrow to hand to \nthe Ladies Society of Brownsburg thirty dollars with the request that they purchase yarn and convert it into socks for the men in that Regt. I shall try to send them a farther sum sometime next month. If you need money call on Mr. Withrow for what you may need until I have an opportunity to send you some which will be before long. It is now near 11 oclock. I was writing all day, have been packing up tonight so that we can make an early start in the morning having gotten every thing ready. Though tired I felt like writing to you if for nothing else to say how glad I would be to be with you. Give my love to all the children and accept for yourself my last thought for the night and my last letter for 1862.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e...Philander was well last week. I have not seen him since the fight at P Republic. He has been to Richmond and is now with Jackson's Army (where Jackson is no one even knows except the Yankees). W.E. Kemble is at Richmond Asst Surgeon at some of the hospitals--W P Kemble is well though I have not seen him for 9 months, we have not met. Young Gawthrop, Jones, Armstrong and the men generally from our section are well--The 3 Tuckers have all been wounded but are getting well. You will see that [Jack] Tucker's wife does not suffer--a braver man does not exist. Hansbrough I heard was in Richmond a few days since, I have not seen him since last November. Mr. Armstrong and family are at Buckingham Courthouse. George is recovering from his wound slowly. I saw a letter from him a few days since to Doct Newlon in which he stated that the ladies \"God bless em\"had been very kind to him and he was not certain but that there was a warm corner in his heart for one of them \"having been disappointed in his first love he did not know whether he should ever love again.\" Doct Newlon said the interpretation was that Vic had joined in the procession at Grafton to welcome the yankee troops. We heard at the time that there was a procession at Grafton and there may be some foundation for the story. If she was one of that number I do blame George, but on the contrary approve his view. In most the Southern cities the true Southern women refuse to recognize in any way the whole tribe of invaders. I admire their course. I wrote to you last winter to tell J W B to keep quiet. I have never heard whether you received my letter or any other of the many letters I have written this spring. If they have fallen into Yankee hands, they have found out that I feel but little respect for them and less for the time serving people in your section of the State (W. Va). Fanny has also written to you, but whether the letters ever reached you or not, I do not know. The Refugee families have all escaped sickness so far--this is wonderful considering the amount of sickness we have seen of all kinds. Porter is a very good boy and says he thinks he will return to you as good as he left. I have promised him that he may go to the Army whenever he has seen you--it galls him very much that I will not let him go. The boys are more anxious to go than the men. Charles Newlon Jr. has joined a Cavalry Co. and is now at Union Monroe. Mrs. N was opposed to it, but Newlon desired him to go. Newlon's family are still at Brownsburg all well. D. Goff, Claud[--] and their families 5 miles west of Staunton, the longer they stay away the firmer South they become. The Crawfords from Beverly are all well and near Brownsburg. B. Bassel and my self are now writing these letters at the same table while Geo. Johnson is reading the news. You will send word to Mahoney's family that he is well and making money and that he expects Smith to pay them the amt furnished by him to Wash--which was considerable--and if they should need it,--more. Mahoney I suppose has made over 7000 seven thousand dollars--he is trading in every way. Edward Payne was at Staunton a few days since. He brought up a Sincel or Sinclair captured at Moorefield. I did not see Payne and my informant could not remember the name, said he was a wagoner. The Yankees were paroled, but not so with the Virginians. Gov. Letcher has something to say to Virginians captured in the service of Lincoln. If you get any money either get gold or valley money do not trust to N W. Virginia money and for this reason--If in the tide of War our armies should ever win the N West your money will not be good, as the men having charge of the banks will leave and carry with them the specie. Father thinks he knows too much to be advised. I am surprised at his doing business or attempting to do it. But if in the tide of War our army should get your way our friends should lay out all their Northern money for bacon and other articles needed in the south. I give a hint if they do not profit by it--I cannot keep it--I am not doing anything to make money. I have refused to join in the mania for speculation that has 1/2 ruined the Patriotism of the south. All speculation here causes the poor to suffer. If we had not stopped making whiskey corn would have been from five to ten dollars per bushel. Whiskey sells at 5 dollars per gal by the barrel and often as five dollars per pint by retail...\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp near Verden\u003cbr\u003e\nJanuary 25, 1863\u003cbr\u003e\nMy Dear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nYours of the 15th was received one week since for your expressions of kindness receive my sincere thanks. Your uneasiness about my health and amount of labor is too great. The amt of labor is not so very great except at particular times. If I did not suffer with my back, it would not be much. I was in Richmond this week saw your brother William, he was ordered to N Carolina the day I arrived in Richmond and left next morning. I saw Trayhorn the bogus Sheriff of Barbour who was arrested by Capt Hill of Imboden's command and brought to Richmond. After his arrest a company from [M or W-------] went to Barbour killed 2 citizens  and carried 8 more to Wheeling to be held as hostages for the safety of Trayhorn. I learn from Judge Camden who left Richmond yesterday that John Williamson and Wm. Elliot had arrived in Richmond as Commissioners from Pierpoint to effect the release of Trayhorn. Saml. Elliot had been carried to Wheeling as one of the hostages. I saw the judge but a moment and did not learn the particulars about the killing of the men in Barbour. Mrs Rapps [ ] is here did not receive your letter about it until Goff had left and I was not here when Bradford left. If there was anything else it has been stolen. I found the bundle open one day but not hearing what was in it I could not tell whether anything was missing or not. I hope it was nothing of much value. When at home I lost the key of the trunk was not the stray key at Mr. Withrow's mine--We do not need any blankets have plenty--I shall write you in a few days. Do not count time as I am not certain when I can be at home. Give my love to all the children--write to Porter about improvement of his time--he has books--\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLynchburg, Tuesday\u003cbr\u003e \nMarch 10, 1863\u003cbr\u003e \nMy Dear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nI might have stayed another hour with you on Sunday, but I wanted to give Leake ample time to return and not ride fast as it was very warm on Sunday. I arrived at the landing at least 3 hours before the boat started--arrived here yesterday morning by 9 oclock--shall leave in the morning for Hanover--not certain that I shall have hired a single teamster. There has been a heavy fall of snow today, but it is raining now and everything looks gloomy and I feel so I cannot help it. Here you see nothing and hear nothing but tobacco--save when a soldier steps up to pay his bill or asks what he will have to pay for a days board and is answered 5, 6 or 7 dollars. I feel satisfied from his look, that he wishes all these people in Yankeedom and \ntheir town in ashes. I do not feel hopeful at this time as to the result of the contest. I do not fear that Yankees can whip us, but I do fear that the desire of gain, the thirst for money will yet overwhelm us. One can hardly feel like risking his life for such a set, but our rulers are to blame. If in the first place a tariff of prices had been fixed upon the leading articles--such a state of things would never have existed. Before Porter starts for his [mare] he had better see if he can get anything to feed her on--if he cannot she will be badly off. I bought yesterday near 1/2 pint cabbage seed for $4.00--this you will think a large quantity. I want to raise a full garden, what we do not want we can sell. I also bought a paper of Turnip, salsify, and parsley and lettuce. I think in all probability I shall return home to stay before long and the more I think about it and the more I see how the soldiers are treated the less I approve of Porter's determination to go into the service before his time, but he will have to decide for himself. I am not certain now about starting in the morning as the man that was to meet me here this evening has not done so. You need \nnot write until you hear from me again, that is if you all keep well--\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Near Verden\u003cbr\u003e \nMarch 14, 1863\u003cbr\u003e\nMy Dear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nI returned here on Thursday. I went to Richmond today on business--was there but 4 hours. Just before leaving I met with Porter Johnson who had arrived in Richmond last night. He had been told by some one that I was in Richmond, was on the look out for me. I shook hands with him without recognizing him. I was not thinking about him--did not look particularly before I remarked \"I believe I do not remember you.\"---He had not received any of our letters. I had but little conversation with him and did not learn his business. I shall go down to Richmond on Monday to see him. He may visit Brownsburg before his return to Missouri. I met young Camden at the cars in Lynchburg and sent the garden seeds by him. I shall try and get some more seeds in this neighborhood. I found your letter on my return--read it with much satisfaction though I had seen you since it was written. Norvel Lewis of Clarksburg died in Richmond last Saturday. He had been drinking for some days, was prostrated at once and all that could be done did not revive him. Porter knew him well and I hope his fate will be a warning to him never to drink liquor. His death has produced a great grief among those that knew him. I shall write again by Wednesday's mail. Let me know when you are to move. Probably if Porter concludes to come up I may be up with him. If you have nothing in the house do not fret about it. You cannot have less furniture than we have in camp and we got along very well. So long as we keep our health take the world easy--it is not worth while to fret about what we cannot help. I sold the bay mare this evening for $300, she was being reduced each day, so I though it better to part with her. After you are moved, I will write to Porter when to come after his mare. Give my love to the children and believe me truly yours\u003cbr\u003e \nM H Johnson\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nMarch 15 63\u003cbr\u003e \nMy Dear Wife\u003cbr\u003e \nCapt. Semmes did not leave this morning as he expected. Tell Porter I have examined his mare today. I do not think she has fallen off much. Write to me on the receipt of this and forward to Verden. Let me know when you will move or whether you have moved. There has been no weather for gardening, so I do not expect that Porter has done anything yet. I can get some sweet \npotatoes  from [S ]--had I better do so\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSunday March 29 [1863]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nYours of the 25th was received last evening. On Tuesday I went to Richmond and returned on Thursday. On Friday morning I went to Fredericksburg and returned on yesterday. I saw Philander--he was well and had received your letter. He had joined a company in the 13th Virginia Regt and thought probably he might go into actual service. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSince I left Fredericksburg our army have used up a large proportion of the timber for firewood--the timber being cut down--the Yankee truly are in full view for miles. The soldiers have been ordered to send nearly all their baggage to Richmond so as to have nothing but what they can carry upon their backs. Some think there will be a movement either forward or backward in a few days. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePorter's business at Richmond is to have adjusted the pay coming to the Missouri troops. He was nearly through with his business when I left Richmond. He had not determined on what route he would return to the west. I regret very much that we moved into that house since they have taken the store room for a hospital--as sickness has generally followed the army. But I suppose among [P ] of Brownsburg it would be heretical to suppose that anyone would be sick without a special decree from above. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI think it probable that I may be that way in 10 or 15 days. There is some business to do in Culpeper and probably in Buckingham. I may go on horseback if so I shall ride mare and go into Brownsburg. I am not positive about it. We had a very rainy day yesterday--it is cold today. It is near the first of April and there is very little plowing done in this neighbourhood, everything is very backward, nothing green except wheat and that very poor. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGive my love to the children and believe me truly yours,\u003cbr\u003e\nM H Johnson\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBeverly\u003cbr\u003e\nSaturday 25 [April] 1863 \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nBeverly was taken yesterday after about two hours cannonading and some but not much skirmishing of infantry. The abolitionists were about 1300 in number. Latham succeeded in burning all his stores. [He] succeeded in getting away in the direction of Philippi with little or no loss of men. Our cavalry pursued, but I fear without any success. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIf Porter has not started tell him to stay where he is. The bad management here has [lessened] my confidence in this command. The bridges are gone over Greenbrier river and the road might not be safe on account of Union men. I hope he has not started or that you did not receive my last letter. I am very tired and pretty well worn out. I have no doubt but Latham will burn the bridge at \nPhilippi. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYours in haste\u003cbr\u003e\nMHJ\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHillery's, 9 miles West of Beverly\u003cbr\u003e \nTuesday April [28, 1863] \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nFortune has favored us though we do not deserve it. We had advanced to within 12 miles of Philippi--the same distance from Buckannon--news came that 8 Brigades had reinforced the enemy--we commenced to retreat on Beverly and had reached this point. This morning we know that the enemy have fled from Buckhannon \u0026amp; Philippi--that Jones has captured New Creek and destroyed the Railroad at Rowlesburg. We start west again this morning either by Buckannon or Philippi.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHad Jackson been in command we would have been in Clarksburg today, The railroad would have been destroyed. When we turned back almost every man was dissatisfied--all wanted to fight the enemy without regard to numbers. Mrs. J. Arnold  --sister of Gen. Jackson--went off with the yankees. Arnold stayed at home says he is a good southern man, that his wife is crazy but Hell he says, could not govern a Jackson.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIf Porter comes he must come with a crowd or with the mail which has a guard. Love to you all.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 1st 1863\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI was too late for the mail when I wrote the note on this sheet. We have been here two days. I do not know when we shall leave. I shall not be able to leave this command while it stays here and shall have to share its fortunes. The enemy have retired to Grafton \u0026amp; Clarksburg. Our information is very uncertain. Gen. Jones we are informed is at Evansville. It is very hard to communicate with him and we may have to form a junction with him before we advance against Clarksburg.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Union people have fled by thousands. Dick was near Henson Hoff's--Hoff and his two sons have fled. He had held office under the Lincoln Government. If Porter has not started he had better come with the crowd that guards the mail. I have purchased dress patterns enough for our family for some time to come (calico Gingham) \u0026amp; also for Mr. Withrow's and some others, cloth for \nPorter and entire suit overcoat \u0026amp; c. I have boxed them up- do not know when they will reach you. I have been appointed agent to take charge of all abandoned property. This will be a heavy work--\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWeston\u003cbr\u003e\nMay 5th [1863] \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nI believe I wrote to you from Beverly. I have written to you since but missed the mail. After the affair at Beverly on Friday we left Beverly on Saturday about noon, marched 9 miles and encamped on Sunday. We marched to a point equidistant from Buckhannon and Philippi. Hearing nothing from Jones and learning that Mulligan had reinforced Gen Roberts we fell back to \nwithin 9 miles of Beverly. We again started for Buckhannon before reaching that point the enemy had evacuated the place--burnt a [ ] amt of commissaries stores \u0026amp; c. A large no of the Union men going with them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe remained at Buckhannon two or three days waiting to hear from Gen. Jones, having lost sight of him at Evansville. Gen. Jones arrived at Buckhannon Saturday morning, having been at [ ], Morgantown, Fairmont, [Skinnston], Bridgeport, Philippi. We immediately marched to Weston arriving here on Sunday morning. Beyond Evansville the Railroad was torn up for a considerable distance. The fine bridge at Fairmont was [blown] down. There was a fight at Fairmont, several killed, 400 prisoners taken. 3 killed \nat Bridgeport \u0026amp; c. Gen Jones command brought in 1200 horses taken from Union and secession men without pay. Father lost about 30 so the men say--he will be paid some day Gen Jones has consented that Dick may take one of the horses taken from Father. I am glad our troops got the horses pay or no pay. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMason [Hisser] \u0026amp; Ed Payne now along--I do not know when the next move will be made. The enemy are massing their strength at Clarksburg and probably outnumber us. It think it likely that Gen. Jones will make another raid around the enemy before Gen. Imboden advances upon Clarksburg. A fight may take place at Clarksburg, some days hence. Our friends are completely \nsubdued, talk in whispers are afraid to speak out.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAt Buckhannon I purchased about two hundred dollars worth of goods, mostly plain dry goods--put them in a box with some purchased by the Qr Master of the 31st Virginia Regt. I believe he has the goods with him, do not know whether he will ever have an opportunity to send them out. I have purchased fifty dollars worth here but do ot know what to do with them--having no transportation. There are plenty fo goods but the difficulty is what to do with them.  Porter arrived here yesterday, he is well. I do not know when either of us will return.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Kemper, Near Staunton\u003cbr\u003e\nSept 23d 1864 \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nI reported here this morning, at Staunton yesterday morning--may start to Richmond any morning on short notice. Found Dick's horse of no value he gave out before I had reached Middlebrook. With much labour I reached a point 3 miles beyond Staunton by 9 o'clock at night--next morning sent the horse to English's. I staid in Staunton 2 days with the hope of hearing some of the \nparticulars of the fight in the Valley, some of the casualties but could learn nothing of the kind.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe account of the battle is about as follows. The enemy in far superior number attacked Early about day light. We held our own until 3 o'clock driving the enemy some two miles--at which time our Cavalry upon the left embracing Vaughan's, Imboden's, McCausland's, and Wickham's brigade gave way. This placed the enemy's cavalry in Winchester in the rear of our infantry and close upon our wagon train. The wagon train would have been destroyed but for the large number of stragglers with the train--the\nYankee Cavalry mistaking them for a strong guard. Our infantry retired fighting saving the train and all the artillery but 3 pieces. I cannot learn the names of any of the killed wounded or captured except Gen. Rodes \u0026amp; Gen. Godwin killed. Gen Lee wounded. I shall go back to Staunton this evening and if I can learn any other names I will enclose them in this letter. Gen. Breckinridge is in Staunton today on his way to take command in S.W. Virginia. Nearly all our dead and wounded fell into the hands of the enemy--our loss being about 3,000. Those who passed over the ground from which we drove the enemy until 3 o'clock think the loss of the enemy greater than ours.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYou have doubtless heard before this of the arrival of Richard Brown's family at Doct McChesney's. 5 families in all came through--the Yankees giving permission to all to come who desired to do so. Tell Leake to tell Mr. Higgenbotham that his detail was granted upon the ground of private necessity until the first of November. The detail has been here since the 15 of August. Tell Leake to gather all the fodder he can, but not to work too hard. If our army should fall back up the Valley have the barrels that are fixed filled with flour so that you can move it from the mill should it become necessary.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYours\u003cbr\u003e \nM H Johnson\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFitz Lee Cavalry were whipped on Thursday in the Page Valley losing 4 pieces of Artillery. Gen Early was at Woodstock last night having lost 12 pieces of artillery at Fisher's Hill or some other point--he is falling back up the Valley. The excitement here is on the increase. Capt. Corder was killed. Col. Patton of the 22 badly wounded and in the hands of the enemy. Accounts on both sides in the Examiner not far from the truth regarding the stand point from which the view is taken. All say our cavalry has acted badly. Let \nthe advocates of plunder remember.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichmond\u003cbr\u003e\nOct 11 64 \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nLeaving Staunton on Sunday evening of the break up I reached this place on Tuesday evening. Have been well since. The reserves are here on guard duty--encamped on the Manchester side of the river. At the great fright here last Friday week a portion of our command was sent to the front. I was not among the number. On Monday morning there was a severe frost here--ice forming upon buckets of water outside the tents. I suppose the early frost has [swept] or ruined our cane patch. I would be better to procure barrels and have as much of the flour ground as you can. Porter had better have his ground and forwarded to Richmond--if he desires it at this point before he leaves. I see the cadets are ordered to Richmond. Tell Porter if he has not started that he will find me at the camp at Manchester.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEvery thing is again very quiet about here for the last few days not a distant cannon has been heard for several days. Henry Mahoney was among the returned prisoners. A gentleman desires Ella Wade to be informed that her husband at Fort McHenry was well last week. If Porter has not started he should bring with him his white overcoat and blanket as the nights are very cold here--at least have been. I have not heard from home since I left. You have doubtless heard of the arrival at Lebanon of J H Haymond's family--well provided with many things. Direct care of Mr. Bennett.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLexington, Sunday\u003cbr\u003e\nDec. 4th, 1864 \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nI have been busy all day but I know you will be disappointed if you do not get a line from me tomorrow. It was impossible for me to leave here today but I will try and be at home next Sunday. Gen. Smith says that the Cadets will have a short furlough but I think it doubtful. I am hoping that Porter will get permission to come home for a few days, but suppose he will have to bear his own expenses--probably the money would be better spent by him in buying such little things as he needs, but if he comes all right. The \nGen. says they will draw another suit of clothes. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI had but little to eat when Philander was here and made but a poor show. Tell Leake that Jeff and I made a fine feast on his rabbit. Jeff is very well contented, but wants to eat when I do and becomes very impatient if I do let him eat with me. I shall have a clerk after today and a very good one if he will keep sober--which he has promised to do, but which no one believes he will do. I was hungry I believe and will have eaten up what you sent in a day or two--you can send me enough bread and meat to last until Saturday--send by the stage driver, also write me at the same time. Send me any of the rib pieces as I have a cap I can make [h ]. Excuse this scrawl and believe me truly yours. Brother Porter complains that I do not write to him.\u003cbr\u003e\nM H Johnson \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTell Mr. Newlon \u0026amp; Crawford if they come this way to come and stay with me.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLexington, March 7 65 \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nThe latest news from Staunton is about as we first heard. Our loss--1200 in prisoners, only 4 killed and wounded. Col. Harmon killed. Mr. Church's story all a fabrication. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJackson is expected at Brownsburg tonight--whether he will have any troops with him or not I do not know. If you are all well send Leake to the Gen and ask him to stay all night. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJackson's and Imboden's men united with Rosser and pursued the enemy down the valley and may attack the guard and try to rescue the prisoners--but I hardly expect it as the Guard is a large one and Sheridan said to be along the the guard. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTruly yours,\u003cbr\u003e\nMHJ\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichmond\u003cbr\u003e \nJany 12, 1865 \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Darling Sister\u003cbr\u003e\nYour sweet little letter was received this evening. I was truly glad to hear from home and you. I have now been from home over two weeks, and not a line until I received your letter this evening. I did not know but some evil genii had enchanted you all with some magic spell and changed you all into beast or birds, so you cannot imagine how much relieved I was when I read your letter and found you all still retain your original forms. I arrived safely here several days after I left home. Uncle Will  arrived several days ago. I got the things he brought. I am exceedingly obliged  to mother for them, they were very nice indeed.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe are very poorly fixed here for study, twenty in a room, one small table, no chairs or stools, but one gas burner, and attached to the side of the wall instead of the center of the room where it ought to be. There is but one little stove in the room and the meanest coal that you can imagine. We have but two meals a day which is quite often enough of the kind, bread and beef for breakfast and beef and bread for dinner. However I am living and well. I have been but to two meals in the mess hall in the last four days. I intend to leave here as soon as possible. I will have to cut my \nletter short as the gentleman who is going to carry it is in a hurry. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI was on guard last night and sat up until midnight reading Hiawatha which will probably account for the following lines. 2 I was just thinking what I should write you about my stay in Staunton when these lines occurred to me. I expect they will cause some amusement for you. It is my first attempt at writing poetry and I am not certain that I succeed very well, but it was written on the spur of the moment and under great difficulties. You must excuse all mistakes as I am writing in the dark nearly. To all good night.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrom your affectionate\u003cbr\u003e \nBrother Porter \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePS Write soon and give me all of the items of news and what you all think of my leaving here. Uncle [Porter] thinks I had as well leave.\u003cbr\u003e\nGoodbye\u003cbr\u003e \nPorter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichmond\u003cbr\u003e\nFeb 5th 1865 \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Mother\u003cbr\u003e\nYour kind letter was received and read with pleasure. I was glad to get a letter from you once more, one written by your own dear self. I am very sorry now that I have not written to you ere this but I was thinking like yourself that every mail would bring me a letter from mother, but none came. I am convinced now that I ought not to have waited so long, as I see it was my duty as well as pleasure to write to my dear mother. I am so sorry that by not writing to you that I should have caused one shadow to hover o'er\nyour brow or one pang of sadness to enter your heart. I would not intentionally grieve my mother for anything in reason. I am a naughty boy, but mother dear you must forgive me this time. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI am so sorry for you all at home that the weather is so cold. I sincerely hope you have plenty of wood. We have not had cold weather here [ ] and I have been very comfortable. Although I did not find but one of my blankets, however the one that was lost did not belong to me and the one to whom it did belong being wealthy very kindly told me it made no difference about it. Although I suffer a great many inconveniences here they are nothing to me compared with what you have to put up with. You must make yourself perfectly easy about me and do not imagine me suffering when I am very comfortable. We have Bible class every Sunday. I recite to Col. Preston, or rather hear him lecture. He makes the time spent with him pass very pleasantly and also imparts much useful and interesting knowledge. I had a permit last Wednesday. Called to see Mrs. Neason, she was very cordial indeed \u0026amp; invited me to spend all the time that I had to myself with her and to come every permit I got and spend the day which I promised to do. She complimented you very highly on the [way] you managed your affairs in West Virginia. I expect to get a permit on Saturday week when I shall go and see her again. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI intend to leave here the first of March. I came here by my own consent and with the understanding that I was to leave at the end of a year. I will soon have been two instead of one. I am sorry to say I am not getting along as well with my studies as I would wish.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichmond\u003cbr\u003e \nFeb 23d 1865\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Father\u003cbr\u003e\nYour welcome letter was received last night. Uncle Porter had been here in the evening and told that he had received a letter from you stating that you had written me permission to resign. I am very much gratified at your kind concess[ion] in my wishes, and pleased to find that your own ideas correspond with mine on so important a subject. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI feel it due to myself as well as to you to state to you some of the reasons I have for leaving here and giving up the only opportunity which I shall perhaps ever have of getting an education. In the first place I am past nineteen years old and I think that it is my duty to be in the army. All who stay here after they become eighteen are generally considered shirkers. Then I do not think that the school will continue much longer than the first of April, for is it reasonable to suppose or can it even be expected that in this the death struggle of the Confederacy when every man woman and child should be at his or her post, when every nerve is to \nbe strained to attain the object which we have so long fought for, that two or three hundred well drilled, able bodied men will be allowed to remain idle and inactive? I am sure the answer of any rational man will be No! \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThen acting on the supposition that the corps will be ordered into service soon at all events, I think it advisable to resign while I \ncan, and while I have the power to join any command that I think proper. A right granted all cadets resigning by order of the Sct \nWar. And as for education, I look at it in this light. If we are subjugated the less education and refinement a man has the better for him, for the nearer the man approaches the brute the less feeling he has, and in the above contingency our condition will be little better than that of brutes. To look at the same question from another point, if the war continues, I will have to enter the army sooner or later. If I am killed education will profit me nothing, but suppose we gain our independence and I should be so fortunate as to survive the war, almost every youth in the Confederacy will be in my own lamentable condition without education or polish.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI think I shall hand in my resignation in about a week or so, I wish to finish analytic before leaving. I would like to join cavalry but do not see how I am to keep myself in horses.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNext I thought of mounted horse artillery but for the present I thought of accepting a second Ltc in the 2d Foreign Battalion, a position which I can get I think without much trouble. Uncle Porter advised me to take it at once as he thought it better to leave now if I could get a position than to wait a while and go as a private. There are several of my acquaintances in the same Battalion and one of my most intimate friends left the other day for a 1st Lt in the same. I cannot use the permission you sent me, it is right with the exception that you omitted to state that I resigned to enter the military service of the C.S. Please send me another with this addition. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePlease excuse mistakes as I have written under difficulties and in haste. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrom your affectionate Son,\u003cbr\u003e\nPorter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNew's Ferry, March 27th 1865 \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Father\u003cbr\u003e\nI received both of your last letters. The one dated the 4th March first and the one dated 1st, a few days ago. I would have written to you before this, but thought I would wait until certain communication could be established. I did not get to see Mr. Newlon before he left or would have written by him. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI resigned about two weeks ago. I have been in the trenches one week since, with the Corps. It then took me a week or such a matter to make my arrangements to leave the city. I have accepted the place I wrote you about, and am now on my way to join my command, it is at Charlotte, NC. I would like very much to have come home before going into the army, but the way not being open when I had the time at my own disposal I did not attempt it. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIt would have been a needless expense, and one which Uncle Porter advised me not to incur, though if the way had been clear I certainly should have come. My expenses at the V.M.I. were one hundred and fifty ($150) dollars. I will enclose you a statement of my financial account. I left Richmond Thursday and was two days getting to this place. I am at present at Mr Chalmers, the father of one of my classmates and friends. The son invited The son invited to his fathers house. I wanted some place on the line to leave my trunk. This is the place exactly, it is on a direct line from the south to R and quite safe from the enemy there. The family are so kind. Mr C has invited me to make his house my home, as long as I am pleased to stay, but I shall only remain two or three days. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI am tolerably equipped. Uncle P bought me a small pair of saddle bags for fifty (50) dollars. He also gave me an oilcloth. I am going to take as little baggage with me as possible and will try and take care of it. On parting from Mr Neeson he gave me some good advice just as you would have done and I saw that he felt a deep interest in my welfare. He also offered me money but I declined because I thought Uncle P had given me what he thought proper. You cannot be too grateful to Mr. Neeson and his family for their kindness to me. I wish you would write to him about it. I wish them to know how grateful I feel to them. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI hope to see you again but have not the most remote idea when. When you write to me again direct to Lt. Porter Johnson 2d Foreign Battalion, Charlotte NC. Write soon to your affectionate son.\u003cbr\u003e \nPorter Johnson\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDearling Mother\u003cbr\u003e\nI have not received a single line from you since a few days before the enemy's raid. I have heard once from home through Papa, but it made me sad than otherwise though I was truly glad to know that you were all well. My dear mother, I have now launched my bark on the ocean of life, and though the clouds lower around me and the waves roll high, I hope by the help of God, to [sp---t] \nthe flood. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI have thought a great deal about home and friends. I would have liked very much to have come home to see all of the dear ones again, but as it would have been a mere gratification and would have accomplished nothing I suppose it is best as it is. I am now staying at a very kind gentlemans in Halifax County.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI have met with some very kind friends indeed since I resigned. Mrs Neeson has been almost a mother to me, just as kind as she could be. She often talks of you and thinks Papa one of the best men in the world. I almost fell in love with her daughter Mary a quiet unassuming and modest girl of fourteen summers. There is a little bright eyed beauty of twelve years, sitting by me while I write, [ ] my [ ]. Give my best love to all. The girls must write me soon. Give my especial love to Leake, tell him to be a good boy and mind his mother. Write to me soon mother! \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYour devoted son, Porter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrison Hospital\u003cbr\u003e\nCamp Chase, Ohio, June 18, 1865 \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Mother\u003cbr\u003e\nThe order for release of prisoners has at last arrived. I expect to be released in about a week. It is a bitter pill but has to be swallowed. I do not expect to be home immediately. J.W. McCorkle is sick, he expects to go to his Uncles in Cabell county. I must go with him. He would do the same for me and more. Then I will go by West Va. I shall stop a few days then hasten home as fast as possible. I am in good health. I have not heard from any at Bridgeport for three weeks, they were all well at that time. Eddie \nWithrow is well, he is going directly home. Jake [Tucker] is well. The thoughts of soon again being clasped in a mothers embrace, Oh! isn't it glorious. My best love to all, regards to my friends. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrom your Affectionate Son\u003cbr\u003e \nPorter Johnson esq\u003cbr\u003e \nSoon to be Citizen of the United States of America Good and Loyal\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDear Sister Allie\u003cbr\u003e\nYour letter came duly to hand. I am truly happy to see you are such a punctual correspondent. Did you send the book I wrote for by Mr. C. I saw him the other day but he did not say whether he had brought it or not. I saw a splendid life size picture of Gen. Lee put up in the House of Delegates on Wednesday, it was by Bruce a very ordinary looking man. He asks six five thousand ($65,000) dollars for it. You ought to be here to see the crowds of ladies that flock to see us on dress parade and some very pretty ones I can tell you. I have almost fallen in love with one or two myself. Miss Lou H was out to see us today escorted by Maj. Stuart. She invited me to see her she was looking better than I ever saw her.\u003c/p\u003e"],"collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_609","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_609","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_609","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_609","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_609.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vmi/vilxv00024.xml","title_ssm":["Johnson Family papers"],"title_tesim":["Johnson Family papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1858-1865"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1858-1865"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0341","/repositories/3/resources/609"],"text":["MS.0341","/repositories/3/resources/609","Johnson Family papers","West Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia Military Institute -- Cadet life -- 1861-1865","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1867","New Market Cadets","Virginia Military Institute—Civil War, 1861-1865","Fredericksburg (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Fredericksburg (Va.), Battle of, 1862","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Home life","Railroads -- Virginia -- Siege, 1863","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1860-1869","Correspondence","There are no restrictions.","The Johnson Family papers are available online","Mortimer Howell Johnson (1815-1889), a lawyer, was born at Bridgeport, Harrison County, West Virginia in 1815. He married Eliza Dulaney Kemble, born in Kingwood, Preston County, West Virginia. The Johnson Family resided in Brownsburg, Rockbridge County, Virginia at beginning of the Civil War, and Mortimer enlisted in April 1864 (at age 48) in the Rockbridge Senior Reserves. He was described as having a dark complexion, dark hair and eyes, and 5 foot 6 inches tall. He died on December 13, 1889 in Charleston, West Virginia and is buried at the High Bridge Presbyterian Church cemetery, Rockbridge County, Virginia. He was the father of Porter Johnson, VMI Class of 1867.","Porter Johnson (1845-1917) was born in 1845 in Taylor County, West Virginia. He matriculated at VMI on September 1, 1863 and was a cadet private at the Battle of New Market on May 15, 1864. Porter resigned from Corps of Cadets on March 6, 1865 and joined the 8th Confederate Battalion commanded by Colonel Garnett Andrews. He was captured at Salisbury, North Carolina on April 12, 1865 and imprisoned, and was paroled June 13, 1865. He returned to Rockbridge County where he was a farmer. He died on June 9, 1917.","Richmond, Feby 10 58","Dear Leake  \nI received your letter this morning and was glad to hear that you are well and that you have made up your mind to be a good boy and learn to read and write, so that when I am away from home you can write to me for yourself. It would afford me great pleasure to see you and to have you here with me. It would please you very much to see the big brass horse on the Washington \nmonument. But Leake, if you will be a good boy and learn your book and acquire a great deal of information and knowledge, you can come down here yourself some day and see Richmond and all the sights that are worth seeing here. The legislature is working very slow and not doingmuch good for the country. The House is not in session yet this morning. At 8 o'clock I left my boarding house came by the Post Office and barber shop at half past 9 in the house and engaged in writing this letter to you. The house meets at 11 o'clock and adjourns about 3 o'clock, so that we get dinner at half past 3. Sometimes the house does not adjourn until later. You set down in the house with a comfortable cushioned chair to sit upon, a desk before you to write upon and it frequently happens that while a member thinks he is making a very fine speech, one half the members are engaged in writing letters or reading newspapers. I suppose you have heard of the fight that happened in Congress last Saturday. It was disgraceful to the Nation andthe men that were engaged in it are heartily ashamed of it. You are the first that mentioned Katy in your letters. I had almost forgotten her. How is Sam Burdett and the rest of the boys or have you been so close at home that you have not seen them. I want you above all things Leake to be kind to others. How would you like to deny yourself at table and refuse to eat, until you see all the rest comfortably seated. This would be true politeness, \nand you would soon learn to be happy in seeing others happy. This would soon afford you a great pleasure, and you would then learn to \"do unto others as you would have others do unto you.\" Hoping to hear form you soon. I remain ","Truly yours  \nM. H. Johnson","Brownsburg, Rockbridge Virginia February 2, 1862 C.W. Newlon, Esq","Dear Sir Expecting you home in a few days. I have concluded to write to you again upon the subject of impressments and praying that something may be done, and that promptly to arrest the distillation of grain. Corn is now $1.12 and it would not surprise me if it reached $2.00 per bushel before the 1st of April. Ten barrels of whiskey were sold in this county a few days since at the almost fabulous price of three dollars per gal. If these prices are demanded and obtained for new liquor fresh from the still what is to \nprevent corn from being advanced before October to $5.00 per bu. Self preservation is the 1st law of nature and why should not that law apply to nations as well as to individuals. What will be our condition should the enemy push their raids so far into the interior as to destroy our railroad connections. If we expect to maintain our position, our stores of subsistence should be preserved. The North expected to starve us out when the war commenced. All that recognize a superintending providence had \ncause to thank the giver of daily bread last year for our unusually heavy crop of all kinds of grain. It was every where considered as an evidence that the Lord was on our side. Grant that it was so will he continue to be if we abuse his choicest favors-- if we convert ourselves into a nation of extortioners and have for our soldiers an army of drunkards. Grant as some contend that liquor is necessary for the soldiers should not a limit be placed upon the price of it . Liquor for which 3 dollars per gal is paid after running the blockade of the camp is frequently sold to the soldier at the high price of from one to five dollars per pint. If it is \nnecessary for the soldier it should be added to his rations and handed out under proper rules and regulations and every other person detected in smuggling liquor into the camp should be summarily and severely punished. Upon the summits of the Alleghaneys Gen. Johnson does not think it necessary to the health of the soldier and has with great diligence prevented its introduction to his camp. From what I can learn he has emptied of their contents more than fifty barrels in the last few weeks. This is seizing the bull by the horns . He is not tainted with that miserable fastidious delicacy of sentiment that is fearful of hurting somebody's feelings. He is entrusted with the defense of one of the important passes into the valley of Virginia and with a moral heroism equal to his fierce courage in the hours of conflict with the enemy he does not stop to inquire whether\nany body is hurt. How are the people of the valley who remain at home acting towards the heroic defenders of the Alleghany but for whose \nindomitable courage in repulsing an overwhelming body of the enemy the valley would now be overrun by marauding hordes of black Republican soldiers. While these brave men are enduring the rigors of a climate at an elevation where snow, rain or hail is an every day occurrence these that remain at home are engaged in all kinds of speculation. Every lb of butter though produced in unusually huge quantities is retailed to the soldiers at fifty cents per lb \u0026 c.","Staunton, Sept. 20th, 1862","My Dear Wife It is possible that some ladies will leave here in a few days for Upshur County. I avail myself of the opportunity to inform you so far we are all well though there is and has been a great deal of sickness all over of this country. The girls are now boarding at a very good house in Brownsburg. The family not wanting help [Alcinda] is at Mr. Newlons. Porter and I left Brownsburg the last of September for the Mountains. We were one day too late to go with [Jenkins] or we might have attempted to get home. Porter has gone down the Valley towards Winchester and I shall start down today and fall in with him. We shall go as far as Maryland thence to Faquier and probably Rappahannock. I saw Gen Johnson a few days since, he was in good health and spirits. I have not heard from Philander for some time but \nsuppose that he is well. W. P. Kemble is still at Clarksville, Mecklenburg Co., Va. W. E. Kimble is at Richmond and well. He sent me 250 dollars. [Benton] sent me 250 dollars some time since. I received a letter from [Benton]- also one from Porter a few days since. They have both gone to Missouri to assist in organizing the troops in that State. Events are transpiring so rapidly at the present time that I should suppose both would tire of death and carnage. If the tide of war does not bring us home this fall I scarcely know what course to ask you to pursue. If you could bring sufficient with you to go to house keeping and meat to eat and other small articles there would be no difficulty in procuring a house in any part of the country, but it is almost impossible to procure any thing at this time in this country. Bacon is fifty cents sugar 80, coffee 2.00. -- calico 1.50 \nper yd., \u0026 c. But you have doubtly seen the prices of articles south in the Northern papers. I have not received a line from you since May. I saw young Cochran a few days since, he said he had seen you somewhere before he left, but did not speak to you. It was a satisfaction to know that you were well. I do not now know whether you have received any of my letters written with regard to the suits brought against me, therefore I repeat here what I have said in all my letters -- to pay no attention to their suits and do not \ntrouble yourself as to what disposition is made of the property- simply preserve all my books and papers. If you can get any thing from [T___] or Potts, do so, receipting to them for what you get. The girls are well pleased at the house they are now boarding at. The refugee families are all well. I do not know who of our soldiers have been killed in the fights at Manassas, Harpers Ferry, and in Maryland, but think the Taylor boys have escaped. Give my love to Leake and tell him for me to keep at his books.  \nBelieve me truly yours  \nM H Johnson","Porter has been anxious to go into the army this winter and I have half promised him that could he get to see you again he might go. He feels mortified at his present position and he is ambitious to take some part in the war. His idea is that a man has but one time to die and that a few years more or less will not make any difference. He says that he is able to carry a musket and that if he\ndoes not raise his arm in defence of his country under existing circumstances he shall never feel like asking a Southern woman to marry him and that a northern woman he would not have under any circumstances. George Armstrong was at Brownsburg when I left. He had come down on a visit. He is able to walk with the use of one crutch. He\nis conditionally true to his engagement . If what he shall have heard about be true of her joining in the reception at Grafton of the Yankee invaders he will suffer his other leg to be crippled and both arms torn from his body before he would have her or any other woman that by act of courtesy received a yankee favorably. George is a brave man, he is true to his country, and true to his love\nprovided she has been true to herself. I approve his course. I detest with intense hatred the time serving policy pursued in our country and I told Mr. [Ceplin] very frankly that it was with reluctance that I gave my hand to a man who was in the habit of shaking hands with the Yankees or what is worse the Union men of NW Virginia and I do not think I am an exception. Tho I have mentioned to you the sickness here, do not give yourself any uneasiness about it. Mr. Newlon promised that if Alcinda or her child gets sick, that he will take care of them. As we have been favored so far I still trust to Providence to preserve\nus in future. The girls are at a good house and should they get sick are in good hands- - Fanny is very careful they have all been using preventives so be of good cheer and do not get out of heart. Philander is well though I have not seen him for about a year. Porter and I went to Winchester, stayed in the Army ten days, but Philander was absent. We passed him as we went down the Valley and did not know. The fences are burned, this makes the road wide. To be relieved of the dust we were frequently 50 yards\nfrom the road. Philander has charge of about 100 wagons and was going to Rockingham for corn, thus we missed him. I suppose he gets about 100 dollars per month. I do not think he is drinking in fact he has not been. Porter I suppose will go the Army to see him. Say to Mr. Gawthrop that his son is well. He has been detailed as a butcher at $50 per month. William Sharps is his assistant. Saml\nTucker was seriously wounded at the battle of Manassas, but it is thought will recover. Uriah has recovered from his wound and is again in the Army. Jac is not yet able to go in the Army but is at the hospital taking care of Saml. H. Mahany and John are well, also the two Robinsons and James Boyd. I received a letter from Brother Porter and one from Thomas written the 27th of August, I have not heard since. They were well at that time. I do not think they were in the battle of Corinth as they had been sent on other service at that time. Porter expressed a desire that his family should be on this side of the line - his principle fear was that Tell might be made to swear he does not wish him to take an oath on any account. If there is no danger of Tell being sworn probably they had better stay where they are. W.P. Goff must be informed that he will be held personally responsible should he on any account permit or not prevent the administering of any of them oaths to Tell. Porter also swears by all that is sacred that he will hold some men in Clarksburg responsible for any indignity that may be offered to Father in any way, shape or form. Tell Emily that I try to keep Porter apprized that she is well \u0026 c. I have just seen a young man from Clarksburg and I shall write to\nPorter in the morning. I again repeat my advice to Father to quit business, have no cattle or other goods, convert everything into gold at even 40 percent and bury it, and put no tombstone to its grave. Give my love to Leake, tell him to be a good boy to attend to his book and say his lessons to you. I do not want him sent to school. I would not have him taught by anyone I know save yourself. I do not want him to associate with the children of the Union people in your section of the State. Tell Leake that Porter and I have slept out of doors a good many nights. We do this sooner than ask people to keep us all night, it is nothing to be refused a lodging for the night for love or money-- still there are some clever people. I have but one motto that is to \"run with patience the race set before,\" this I intend to do. So be of good cheer and do not despair. \nTruly yours, \nM. H. Johnson \nSince writing Mr. C. has been looking over his letters and [shares] the enclosed note from Miss Armstrong. W.P. Kimble is well, he is at Clarksville, Mecklenburg County Virginia. I loaned to Henry C Middleton fifty dollars when I was at the oil wells. Write him a note to send you the money, say to him that you are in need of it. To your friends buying in and hold for redemption such articles\nas you need I have no objection, but things that you do not need and than can be replaced let them go---","Monday Evening \nMy Dear Wife \nI write you this note to let you know that I arrived here safely last evening. I do not look for Porter and Bradford for several days. The roads are very much cut up and I expect they will have a hard time. I started Dick to meet them, but he may miss them entirely. Our loss in the fighting that has taken place is 1742 in killed and wounded. Our dead have been buried. The Yankee dead remain\nunburied. The field of battle is still in dispute. The Yankees have not asked the privilege of burying their dead and we cannot [venture] to do it. Ours were carried off during the fight. We occupied the best position and think the enemy loss 5 to our one. I have just been to take a look at the Yankee Army. They are drawn up in line of battle, but as it is now 4 o'clock we do not think\nthere will be a fight today. The principal fight was on Friday--though in sight we feel secure. My back is better though I am yet suffering. I was offered 200 dollars for the wagon and 2 sets harness, but could get no transportation at Staunton for our load. I am writing on a moments notice so excuse this hasty note. We are 10 miles from the office----","Thursday morning \nMy Dear Wife \nPorter and Bradford have not arrived yet--but unless I write today you will not hear from me until next week. This may reach you on Saturday and even [now] I must write very hastily. The loss of the abolitionists in the last battle near Fredericksburg was greater than we at first supposed. They are again on the other side of the River. I spent yesterday afternoon in going over a portion of the battle field near or adjoining the City. On the portion of the field I visited there were at least 500 dead. Under a flag of truce they were burying their dead but doing it in a very careless manner. Unless they worked last night they cannot get through before sometime today. After going through Fredericksburg and seeing the results of their vandalism I felt no sympathy for their justly merited fate. Scattered books, broken [----], furniture of all kinds and every description carried into the streets and broken to pieces. Our own loss is narrowed down to less than 400 killed and less than a thousand wounded, while the loss of the enemy cannot be less than 2000 killed and from 10 to 20 thousand wounded and missing. All who have visited the ground concur in the opinion that the dead\nare thicker upon the ground than any [field] they have seen. One could have walked for 400 yds upon the dead. This was close up to the houses reaching back 400 yds to a stone wall. Burnsides is considered a fool for making the attack, as from his camp he could see our position and defenses. Our army could have withstood an attack by 400 thousand men. Our victory was complete. I have not yet seen any Yankee account of the battle. There was some conversation on yesterday between our men and the men\ndetailed to bury the dead. They all agreed that their defeat was a terrible one. A physician told Judge G. that he thought this [------] would certainly satisfy the North. We lost [260] as prisoners who were exchanged on yesterday. We have besides about 1000 prisoners who will be paroled but you will get the news from the papers before this reaches you. All is quiet this morning. Write to me and let me know how you are getting along. Write at least twice a week as in that way probably one of the letters might reach me. Give my love to the children and believe me truly yours, \nMHJ \nPS. The 25th and 31st were not engaged. I have not seen Philander he is 12 miles distant.","Camp Fredericksburg  \nDec. 25th 1862 \nMy Dear Wife \nI should like this morning to be with you very much but as that cannot be the best I can do is to write you and let you know how\nglad I would be were it so. Days and weeks seem to me much longer now than they were before your arrival, before I could not be with you if I would; now I might were it not that I would have to give up a situation in order to gratify my wishes and my feelings. I have not heard from you since I left, but hope that you are all well and getting along well. The weather here has been much colder than the spell was at Brownsburg while I was there. From all we can gather from the Northern papers their defeat was much greater than we supposed immediately after the battle. One of their correspondents estimates 3000 wounded in one of their divisions and that the wounded are in our hands. This is not so. Their number of dead is greater than their estimate. Many of the southern Regts take no prisoners especially the Louisianians - who are determined to have revenge for the outrages of Butler and his troops -. One can form but a faint idea of the horrors of a battle field without an actual inspection upon the ground. I can assure you I should feel rejoice if the war could close without such another scene as we have witnessed here - but if our foes will not cease the War which it is in their power to do then I hope that every conflict will result as favorable to us as this great fight at Fredericksburg. Porter went to see Philander and took to him the little things you had sent to him. He needs two flannel shirts also his hat. Hopes to be able to go and see you before a great while. Jackson's Army is about 20 miles from our camp. Porter carried Mr. Rapps package and boots to him, but learned that he had been wounded and taken to Lynchburg - this I suppose is no news at Brownsburg by this time. Ask what shall be done with what was sent to him. When I wrote you last my information was that the \n31st and 25th were not engaged but this was not correct. I do not know how many were wounded or killed in either but do not think the loss was great. We have a very fine band in the same field we are in. Last night among others they played \"Old Dog Tray.\" It made me think of Carlo and your description of his faithfulness. There seems to be no gloom or dreariness of thought among our soldiers so far as\nmy observation extends. All seem cheerful and gay. The dead are buried - the wounded and sick sent off - so that the well alone \nare left. Victory inspires confidence and certainly a great victory has attended our armies and what is more the North feels and\n[ ---- ] it. When Mr. Newlon goes to Richmond let him renew our subscription to the Examiner for six months or if you prefer some other paper. Let him subscribe to the paper you prefer. Porter did not arrive here until the dead were buried so that he missed a sight. I have very much desired he should see under the hope it would lessen his desire to join the army before he is 18. Our lead was too much for the bad team we had. I left 2 barrels of apples and 65 lbs butter at Staunton. Porter afterwards left 2 barrels at Waynesboro -- arriving here with 3 2/3 bls of apples and part of his butter. The expenses of the trip were over 40 dollars - unless those left behind come on it will prove a losing business.","Camp Fredericksburg  \nDecember 29, 1862 \nMy Dear Wife \nI am still without a letter from you, nor have I heard from Brownsburg since I left. We move in the morning to some point 25 miles nearer to Richmond so you need not answer this note until you hear from me again. Only portions of the army fall back at this \ntime, but it is supposed that Gen. Lee with the main army will follow in a short time; the object being to eat up everything as we fall \nback so that the enemy will find it difficult to sustain or rather to support their army should they elect to advance. I sold the wagon, harness and the two old horses for 625 dollars including the horse I had when you arrived. I thought it better to keep the two young mares for the present. Porter was offered 300 dollars for the bay mare today but thinks she will bring more money. I have heard nothing of the butter and apples left at Staunton and Waynesboro and probably never will. If so I shall lose by my investment as I sold what arrived here for cost and expenses. You had better have your apples opened and see that they are not rotting. These that arrived here had rotted considerably. Richard started to Staunton on Saturday morning and will not return for some two weeks. I have suffered considerably for the last few days with my back and have had to use half of a bottle of liniment tonight being the first I have used since the morning I left. Porter is in good health and if he keeps well and we settle down for the winter I think I can learn him so that he can do my writing and give me an opportunity to stay with you for a short time in the month of Feby. I should like to be with you sooner but do not see how I can get away sooner with the amount of writing on hand. I have taken up for the benefit of the 31st Regt a small collection among the men in our train. You will ask Mr. Withrow to hand to \nthe Ladies Society of Brownsburg thirty dollars with the request that they purchase yarn and convert it into socks for the men in that Regt. I shall try to send them a farther sum sometime next month. If you need money call on Mr. Withrow for what you may need until I have an opportunity to send you some which will be before long. It is now near 11 oclock. I was writing all day, have been packing up tonight so that we can make an early start in the morning having gotten every thing ready. Though tired I felt like writing to you if for nothing else to say how glad I would be to be with you. Give my love to all the children and accept for yourself my last thought for the night and my last letter for 1862.","...Philander was well last week. I have not seen him since the fight at P Republic. He has been to Richmond and is now with Jackson's Army (where Jackson is no one even knows except the Yankees). W.E. Kemble is at Richmond Asst Surgeon at some of the hospitals--W P Kemble is well though I have not seen him for 9 months, we have not met. Young Gawthrop, Jones, Armstrong and the men generally from our section are well--The 3 Tuckers have all been wounded but are getting well. You will see that [Jack] Tucker's wife does not suffer--a braver man does not exist. Hansbrough I heard was in Richmond a few days since, I have not seen him since last November. Mr. Armstrong and family are at Buckingham Courthouse. George is recovering from his wound slowly. I saw a letter from him a few days since to Doct Newlon in which he stated that the ladies \"God bless em\"had been very kind to him and he was not certain but that there was a warm corner in his heart for one of them \"having been disappointed in his first love he did not know whether he should ever love again.\" Doct Newlon said the interpretation was that Vic had joined in the procession at Grafton to welcome the yankee troops. We heard at the time that there was a procession at Grafton and there may be some foundation for the story. If she was one of that number I do blame George, but on the contrary approve his view. In most the Southern cities the true Southern women refuse to recognize in any way the whole tribe of invaders. I admire their course. I wrote to you last winter to tell J W B to keep quiet. I have never heard whether you received my letter or any other of the many letters I have written this spring. If they have fallen into Yankee hands, they have found out that I feel but little respect for them and less for the time serving people in your section of the State (W. Va). Fanny has also written to you, but whether the letters ever reached you or not, I do not know. The Refugee families have all escaped sickness so far--this is wonderful considering the amount of sickness we have seen of all kinds. Porter is a very good boy and says he thinks he will return to you as good as he left. I have promised him that he may go to the Army whenever he has seen you--it galls him very much that I will not let him go. The boys are more anxious to go than the men. Charles Newlon Jr. has joined a Cavalry Co. and is now at Union Monroe. Mrs. N was opposed to it, but Newlon desired him to go. Newlon's family are still at Brownsburg all well. D. Goff, Claud[--] and their families 5 miles west of Staunton, the longer they stay away the firmer South they become. The Crawfords from Beverly are all well and near Brownsburg. B. Bassel and my self are now writing these letters at the same table while Geo. Johnson is reading the news. You will send word to Mahoney's family that he is well and making money and that he expects Smith to pay them the amt furnished by him to Wash--which was considerable--and if they should need it,--more. Mahoney I suppose has made over 7000 seven thousand dollars--he is trading in every way. Edward Payne was at Staunton a few days since. He brought up a Sincel or Sinclair captured at Moorefield. I did not see Payne and my informant could not remember the name, said he was a wagoner. The Yankees were paroled, but not so with the Virginians. Gov. Letcher has something to say to Virginians captured in the service of Lincoln. If you get any money either get gold or valley money do not trust to N W. Virginia money and for this reason--If in the tide of War our armies should ever win the N West your money will not be good, as the men having charge of the banks will leave and carry with them the specie. Father thinks he knows too much to be advised. I am surprised at his doing business or attempting to do it. But if in the tide of War our army should get your way our friends should lay out all their Northern money for bacon and other articles needed in the south. I give a hint if they do not profit by it--I cannot keep it--I am not doing anything to make money. I have refused to join in the mania for speculation that has 1/2 ruined the Patriotism of the south. All speculation here causes the poor to suffer. If we had not stopped making whiskey corn would have been from five to ten dollars per bushel. Whiskey sells at 5 dollars per gal by the barrel and often as five dollars per pint by retail...","Camp near Verden \nJanuary 25, 1863 \nMy Dear Wife \nYours of the 15th was received one week since for your expressions of kindness receive my sincere thanks. Your uneasiness about my health and amount of labor is too great. The amt of labor is not so very great except at particular times. If I did not suffer with my back, it would not be much. I was in Richmond this week saw your brother William, he was ordered to N Carolina the day I arrived in Richmond and left next morning. I saw Trayhorn the bogus Sheriff of Barbour who was arrested by Capt Hill of Imboden's command and brought to Richmond. After his arrest a company from [M or W-------] went to Barbour killed 2 citizens  and carried 8 more to Wheeling to be held as hostages for the safety of Trayhorn. I learn from Judge Camden who left Richmond yesterday that John Williamson and Wm. Elliot had arrived in Richmond as Commissioners from Pierpoint to effect the release of Trayhorn. Saml. Elliot had been carried to Wheeling as one of the hostages. I saw the judge but a moment and did not learn the particulars about the killing of the men in Barbour. Mrs Rapps [ ] is here did not receive your letter about it until Goff had left and I was not here when Bradford left. If there was anything else it has been stolen. I found the bundle open one day but not hearing what was in it I could not tell whether anything was missing or not. I hope it was nothing of much value. When at home I lost the key of the trunk was not the stray key at Mr. Withrow's mine--We do not need any blankets have plenty--I shall write you in a few days. Do not count time as I am not certain when I can be at home. Give my love to all the children--write to Porter about improvement of his time--he has books--","Lynchburg, Tuesday  \nMarch 10, 1863  \nMy Dear Wife \nI might have stayed another hour with you on Sunday, but I wanted to give Leake ample time to return and not ride fast as it was very warm on Sunday. I arrived at the landing at least 3 hours before the boat started--arrived here yesterday morning by 9 oclock--shall leave in the morning for Hanover--not certain that I shall have hired a single teamster. There has been a heavy fall of snow today, but it is raining now and everything looks gloomy and I feel so I cannot help it. Here you see nothing and hear nothing but tobacco--save when a soldier steps up to pay his bill or asks what he will have to pay for a days board and is answered 5, 6 or 7 dollars. I feel satisfied from his look, that he wishes all these people in Yankeedom and \ntheir town in ashes. I do not feel hopeful at this time as to the result of the contest. I do not fear that Yankees can whip us, but I do fear that the desire of gain, the thirst for money will yet overwhelm us. One can hardly feel like risking his life for such a set, but our rulers are to blame. If in the first place a tariff of prices had been fixed upon the leading articles--such a state of things would never have existed. Before Porter starts for his [mare] he had better see if he can get anything to feed her on--if he cannot she will be badly off. I bought yesterday near 1/2 pint cabbage seed for $4.00--this you will think a large quantity. I want to raise a full garden, what we do not want we can sell. I also bought a paper of Turnip, salsify, and parsley and lettuce. I think in all probability I shall return home to stay before long and the more I think about it and the more I see how the soldiers are treated the less I approve of Porter's determination to go into the service before his time, but he will have to decide for himself. I am not certain now about starting in the morning as the man that was to meet me here this evening has not done so. You need \nnot write until you hear from me again, that is if you all keep well--","Camp Near Verden  \nMarch 14, 1863 \nMy Dear Wife \nI returned here on Thursday. I went to Richmond today on business--was there but 4 hours. Just before leaving I met with Porter Johnson who had arrived in Richmond last night. He had been told by some one that I was in Richmond, was on the look out for me. I shook hands with him without recognizing him. I was not thinking about him--did not look particularly before I remarked \"I believe I do not remember you.\"---He had not received any of our letters. I had but little conversation with him and did not learn his business. I shall go down to Richmond on Monday to see him. He may visit Brownsburg before his return to Missouri. I met young Camden at the cars in Lynchburg and sent the garden seeds by him. I shall try and get some more seeds in this neighborhood. I found your letter on my return--read it with much satisfaction though I had seen you since it was written. Norvel Lewis of Clarksburg died in Richmond last Saturday. He had been drinking for some days, was prostrated at once and all that could be done did not revive him. Porter knew him well and I hope his fate will be a warning to him never to drink liquor. His death has produced a great grief among those that knew him. I shall write again by Wednesday's mail. Let me know when you are to move. Probably if Porter concludes to come up I may be up with him. If you have nothing in the house do not fret about it. You cannot have less furniture than we have in camp and we got along very well. So long as we keep our health take the world easy--it is not worth while to fret about what we cannot help. I sold the bay mare this evening for $300, she was being reduced each day, so I though it better to part with her. After you are moved, I will write to Porter when to come after his mare. Give my love to the children and believe me truly yours  \nM H Johnson \nMarch 15 63  \nMy Dear Wife  \nCapt. Semmes did not leave this morning as he expected. Tell Porter I have examined his mare today. I do not think she has fallen off much. Write to me on the receipt of this and forward to Verden. Let me know when you will move or whether you have moved. There has been no weather for gardening, so I do not expect that Porter has done anything yet. I can get some sweet \npotatoes  from [S ]--had I better do so","Sunday March 29 [1863]","My Dear Wife \nYours of the 25th was received last evening. On Tuesday I went to Richmond and returned on Thursday. On Friday morning I went to Fredericksburg and returned on yesterday. I saw Philander--he was well and had received your letter. He had joined a company in the 13th Virginia Regt and thought probably he might go into actual service. ","Since I left Fredericksburg our army have used up a large proportion of the timber for firewood--the timber being cut down--the Yankee truly are in full view for miles. The soldiers have been ordered to send nearly all their baggage to Richmond so as to have nothing but what they can carry upon their backs. Some think there will be a movement either forward or backward in a few days. ","Porter's business at Richmond is to have adjusted the pay coming to the Missouri troops. He was nearly through with his business when I left Richmond. He had not determined on what route he would return to the west. I regret very much that we moved into that house since they have taken the store room for a hospital--as sickness has generally followed the army. But I suppose among [P ] of Brownsburg it would be heretical to suppose that anyone would be sick without a special decree from above. ","I think it probable that I may be that way in 10 or 15 days. There is some business to do in Culpeper and probably in Buckingham. I may go on horseback if so I shall ride mare and go into Brownsburg. I am not positive about it. We had a very rainy day yesterday--it is cold today. It is near the first of April and there is very little plowing done in this neighbourhood, everything is very backward, nothing green except wheat and that very poor. ","Give my love to the children and believe me truly yours, \nM H Johnson","Beverly \nSaturday 25 [April] 1863 ","My Dear Wife \nBeverly was taken yesterday after about two hours cannonading and some but not much skirmishing of infantry. The abolitionists were about 1300 in number. Latham succeeded in burning all his stores. [He] succeeded in getting away in the direction of Philippi with little or no loss of men. Our cavalry pursued, but I fear without any success. ","If Porter has not started tell him to stay where he is. The bad management here has [lessened] my confidence in this command. The bridges are gone over Greenbrier river and the road might not be safe on account of Union men. I hope he has not started or that you did not receive my last letter. I am very tired and pretty well worn out. I have no doubt but Latham will burn the bridge at \nPhilippi. ","Yours in haste \nMHJ","Hillery's, 9 miles West of Beverly  \nTuesday April [28, 1863] ","My Dear Wife \nFortune has favored us though we do not deserve it. We had advanced to within 12 miles of Philippi--the same distance from Buckannon--news came that 8 Brigades had reinforced the enemy--we commenced to retreat on Beverly and had reached this point. This morning we know that the enemy have fled from Buckhannon \u0026 Philippi--that Jones has captured New Creek and destroyed the Railroad at Rowlesburg. We start west again this morning either by Buckannon or Philippi.","Had Jackson been in command we would have been in Clarksburg today, The railroad would have been destroyed. When we turned back almost every man was dissatisfied--all wanted to fight the enemy without regard to numbers. Mrs. J. Arnold  --sister of Gen. Jackson--went off with the yankees. Arnold stayed at home says he is a good southern man, that his wife is crazy but Hell he says, could not govern a Jackson.","If Porter comes he must come with a crowd or with the mail which has a guard. Love to you all.","May 1st 1863","I was too late for the mail when I wrote the note on this sheet. We have been here two days. I do not know when we shall leave. I shall not be able to leave this command while it stays here and shall have to share its fortunes. The enemy have retired to Grafton \u0026 Clarksburg. Our information is very uncertain. Gen. Jones we are informed is at Evansville. It is very hard to communicate with him and we may have to form a junction with him before we advance against Clarksburg.","The Union people have fled by thousands. Dick was near Henson Hoff's--Hoff and his two sons have fled. He had held office under the Lincoln Government. If Porter has not started he had better come with the crowd that guards the mail. I have purchased dress patterns enough for our family for some time to come (calico Gingham) \u0026 also for Mr. Withrow's and some others, cloth for \nPorter and entire suit overcoat \u0026 c. I have boxed them up- do not know when they will reach you. I have been appointed agent to take charge of all abandoned property. This will be a heavy work--","Weston \nMay 5th [1863] ","My Dear Wife \nI believe I wrote to you from Beverly. I have written to you since but missed the mail. After the affair at Beverly on Friday we left Beverly on Saturday about noon, marched 9 miles and encamped on Sunday. We marched to a point equidistant from Buckhannon and Philippi. Hearing nothing from Jones and learning that Mulligan had reinforced Gen Roberts we fell back to \nwithin 9 miles of Beverly. We again started for Buckhannon before reaching that point the enemy had evacuated the place--burnt a [ ] amt of commissaries stores \u0026 c. A large no of the Union men going with them.","We remained at Buckhannon two or three days waiting to hear from Gen. Jones, having lost sight of him at Evansville. Gen. Jones arrived at Buckhannon Saturday morning, having been at [ ], Morgantown, Fairmont, [Skinnston], Bridgeport, Philippi. We immediately marched to Weston arriving here on Sunday morning. Beyond Evansville the Railroad was torn up for a considerable distance. The fine bridge at Fairmont was [blown] down. There was a fight at Fairmont, several killed, 400 prisoners taken. 3 killed \nat Bridgeport \u0026 c. Gen Jones command brought in 1200 horses taken from Union and secession men without pay. Father lost about 30 so the men say--he will be paid some day Gen Jones has consented that Dick may take one of the horses taken from Father. I am glad our troops got the horses pay or no pay. ","Mason [Hisser] \u0026 Ed Payne now along--I do not know when the next move will be made. The enemy are massing their strength at Clarksburg and probably outnumber us. It think it likely that Gen. Jones will make another raid around the enemy before Gen. Imboden advances upon Clarksburg. A fight may take place at Clarksburg, some days hence. Our friends are completely \nsubdued, talk in whispers are afraid to speak out.","At Buckhannon I purchased about two hundred dollars worth of goods, mostly plain dry goods--put them in a box with some purchased by the Qr Master of the 31st Virginia Regt. I believe he has the goods with him, do not know whether he will ever have an opportunity to send them out. I have purchased fifty dollars worth here but do ot know what to do with them--having no transportation. There are plenty fo goods but the difficulty is what to do with them.  Porter arrived here yesterday, he is well. I do not know when either of us will return.","Camp Kemper, Near Staunton \nSept 23d 1864 ","My Dear Wife \nI reported here this morning, at Staunton yesterday morning--may start to Richmond any morning on short notice. Found Dick's horse of no value he gave out before I had reached Middlebrook. With much labour I reached a point 3 miles beyond Staunton by 9 o'clock at night--next morning sent the horse to English's. I staid in Staunton 2 days with the hope of hearing some of the \nparticulars of the fight in the Valley, some of the casualties but could learn nothing of the kind.","The account of the battle is about as follows. The enemy in far superior number attacked Early about day light. We held our own until 3 o'clock driving the enemy some two miles--at which time our Cavalry upon the left embracing Vaughan's, Imboden's, McCausland's, and Wickham's brigade gave way. This placed the enemy's cavalry in Winchester in the rear of our infantry and close upon our wagon train. The wagon train would have been destroyed but for the large number of stragglers with the train--the\nYankee Cavalry mistaking them for a strong guard. Our infantry retired fighting saving the train and all the artillery but 3 pieces. I cannot learn the names of any of the killed wounded or captured except Gen. Rodes \u0026 Gen. Godwin killed. Gen Lee wounded. I shall go back to Staunton this evening and if I can learn any other names I will enclose them in this letter. Gen. Breckinridge is in Staunton today on his way to take command in S.W. Virginia. Nearly all our dead and wounded fell into the hands of the enemy--our loss being about 3,000. Those who passed over the ground from which we drove the enemy until 3 o'clock think the loss of the enemy greater than ours.","You have doubtless heard before this of the arrival of Richard Brown's family at Doct McChesney's. 5 families in all came through--the Yankees giving permission to all to come who desired to do so. Tell Leake to tell Mr. Higgenbotham that his detail was granted upon the ground of private necessity until the first of November. The detail has been here since the 15 of August. Tell Leake to gather all the fodder he can, but not to work too hard. If our army should fall back up the Valley have the barrels that are fixed filled with flour so that you can move it from the mill should it become necessary.","Yours  \nM H Johnson","Fitz Lee Cavalry were whipped on Thursday in the Page Valley losing 4 pieces of Artillery. Gen Early was at Woodstock last night having lost 12 pieces of artillery at Fisher's Hill or some other point--he is falling back up the Valley. The excitement here is on the increase. Capt. Corder was killed. Col. Patton of the 22 badly wounded and in the hands of the enemy. Accounts on both sides in the Examiner not far from the truth regarding the stand point from which the view is taken. All say our cavalry has acted badly. Let \nthe advocates of plunder remember.","Richmond \nOct 11 64 ","My Dear Wife \nLeaving Staunton on Sunday evening of the break up I reached this place on Tuesday evening. Have been well since. The reserves are here on guard duty--encamped on the Manchester side of the river. At the great fright here last Friday week a portion of our command was sent to the front. I was not among the number. On Monday morning there was a severe frost here--ice forming upon buckets of water outside the tents. I suppose the early frost has [swept] or ruined our cane patch. I would be better to procure barrels and have as much of the flour ground as you can. Porter had better have his ground and forwarded to Richmond--if he desires it at this point before he leaves. I see the cadets are ordered to Richmond. Tell Porter if he has not started that he will find me at the camp at Manchester.","Every thing is again very quiet about here for the last few days not a distant cannon has been heard for several days. Henry Mahoney was among the returned prisoners. A gentleman desires Ella Wade to be informed that her husband at Fort McHenry was well last week. If Porter has not started he should bring with him his white overcoat and blanket as the nights are very cold here--at least have been. I have not heard from home since I left. You have doubtless heard of the arrival at Lebanon of J H Haymond's family--well provided with many things. Direct care of Mr. Bennett.","Lexington, Sunday \nDec. 4th, 1864 ","My Dear Wife \nI have been busy all day but I know you will be disappointed if you do not get a line from me tomorrow. It was impossible for me to leave here today but I will try and be at home next Sunday. Gen. Smith says that the Cadets will have a short furlough but I think it doubtful. I am hoping that Porter will get permission to come home for a few days, but suppose he will have to bear his own expenses--probably the money would be better spent by him in buying such little things as he needs, but if he comes all right. The \nGen. says they will draw another suit of clothes. ","I had but little to eat when Philander was here and made but a poor show. Tell Leake that Jeff and I made a fine feast on his rabbit. Jeff is very well contented, but wants to eat when I do and becomes very impatient if I do let him eat with me. I shall have a clerk after today and a very good one if he will keep sober--which he has promised to do, but which no one believes he will do. I was hungry I believe and will have eaten up what you sent in a day or two--you can send me enough bread and meat to last until Saturday--send by the stage driver, also write me at the same time. Send me any of the rib pieces as I have a cap I can make [h ]. Excuse this scrawl and believe me truly yours. Brother Porter complains that I do not write to him. \nM H Johnson ","Tell Mr. Newlon \u0026 Crawford if they come this way to come and stay with me.","Lexington, March 7 65 ","My Dear Wife \nThe latest news from Staunton is about as we first heard. Our loss--1200 in prisoners, only 4 killed and wounded. Col. Harmon killed. Mr. Church's story all a fabrication. ","Jackson is expected at Brownsburg tonight--whether he will have any troops with him or not I do not know. If you are all well send Leake to the Gen and ask him to stay all night. ","Jackson's and Imboden's men united with Rosser and pursued the enemy down the valley and may attack the guard and try to rescue the prisoners--but I hardly expect it as the Guard is a large one and Sheridan said to be along the the guard. ","Truly yours, \nMHJ","Richmond  \nJany 12, 1865 ","My Darling Sister \nYour sweet little letter was received this evening. I was truly glad to hear from home and you. I have now been from home over two weeks, and not a line until I received your letter this evening. I did not know but some evil genii had enchanted you all with some magic spell and changed you all into beast or birds, so you cannot imagine how much relieved I was when I read your letter and found you all still retain your original forms. I arrived safely here several days after I left home. Uncle Will  arrived several days ago. I got the things he brought. I am exceedingly obliged  to mother for them, they were very nice indeed.","We are very poorly fixed here for study, twenty in a room, one small table, no chairs or stools, but one gas burner, and attached to the side of the wall instead of the center of the room where it ought to be. There is but one little stove in the room and the meanest coal that you can imagine. We have but two meals a day which is quite often enough of the kind, bread and beef for breakfast and beef and bread for dinner. However I am living and well. I have been but to two meals in the mess hall in the last four days. I intend to leave here as soon as possible. I will have to cut my \nletter short as the gentleman who is going to carry it is in a hurry. ","I was on guard last night and sat up until midnight reading Hiawatha which will probably account for the following lines. 2 I was just thinking what I should write you about my stay in Staunton when these lines occurred to me. I expect they will cause some amusement for you. It is my first attempt at writing poetry and I am not certain that I succeed very well, but it was written on the spur of the moment and under great difficulties. You must excuse all mistakes as I am writing in the dark nearly. To all good night.","From your affectionate  \nBrother Porter ","PS Write soon and give me all of the items of news and what you all think of my leaving here. Uncle [Porter] thinks I had as well leave. \nGoodbye  \nPorter","Richmond \nFeb 5th 1865 ","Dear Mother \nYour kind letter was received and read with pleasure. I was glad to get a letter from you once more, one written by your own dear self. I am very sorry now that I have not written to you ere this but I was thinking like yourself that every mail would bring me a letter from mother, but none came. I am convinced now that I ought not to have waited so long, as I see it was my duty as well as pleasure to write to my dear mother. I am so sorry that by not writing to you that I should have caused one shadow to hover o'er\nyour brow or one pang of sadness to enter your heart. I would not intentionally grieve my mother for anything in reason. I am a naughty boy, but mother dear you must forgive me this time. ","I am so sorry for you all at home that the weather is so cold. I sincerely hope you have plenty of wood. We have not had cold weather here [ ] and I have been very comfortable. Although I did not find but one of my blankets, however the one that was lost did not belong to me and the one to whom it did belong being wealthy very kindly told me it made no difference about it. Although I suffer a great many inconveniences here they are nothing to me compared with what you have to put up with. You must make yourself perfectly easy about me and do not imagine me suffering when I am very comfortable. We have Bible class every Sunday. I recite to Col. Preston, or rather hear him lecture. He makes the time spent with him pass very pleasantly and also imparts much useful and interesting knowledge. I had a permit last Wednesday. Called to see Mrs. Neason, she was very cordial indeed \u0026 invited me to spend all the time that I had to myself with her and to come every permit I got and spend the day which I promised to do. She complimented you very highly on the [way] you managed your affairs in West Virginia. I expect to get a permit on Saturday week when I shall go and see her again. ","I intend to leave here the first of March. I came here by my own consent and with the understanding that I was to leave at the end of a year. I will soon have been two instead of one. I am sorry to say I am not getting along as well with my studies as I would wish.","Richmond  \nFeb 23d 1865","Dear Father \nYour welcome letter was received last night. Uncle Porter had been here in the evening and told that he had received a letter from you stating that you had written me permission to resign. I am very much gratified at your kind concess[ion] in my wishes, and pleased to find that your own ideas correspond with mine on so important a subject. ","I feel it due to myself as well as to you to state to you some of the reasons I have for leaving here and giving up the only opportunity which I shall perhaps ever have of getting an education. In the first place I am past nineteen years old and I think that it is my duty to be in the army. All who stay here after they become eighteen are generally considered shirkers. Then I do not think that the school will continue much longer than the first of April, for is it reasonable to suppose or can it even be expected that in this the death struggle of the Confederacy when every man woman and child should be at his or her post, when every nerve is to \nbe strained to attain the object which we have so long fought for, that two or three hundred well drilled, able bodied men will be allowed to remain idle and inactive? I am sure the answer of any rational man will be No! ","Then acting on the supposition that the corps will be ordered into service soon at all events, I think it advisable to resign while I \ncan, and while I have the power to join any command that I think proper. A right granted all cadets resigning by order of the Sct \nWar. And as for education, I look at it in this light. If we are subjugated the less education and refinement a man has the better for him, for the nearer the man approaches the brute the less feeling he has, and in the above contingency our condition will be little better than that of brutes. To look at the same question from another point, if the war continues, I will have to enter the army sooner or later. If I am killed education will profit me nothing, but suppose we gain our independence and I should be so fortunate as to survive the war, almost every youth in the Confederacy will be in my own lamentable condition without education or polish.","I think I shall hand in my resignation in about a week or so, I wish to finish analytic before leaving. I would like to join cavalry but do not see how I am to keep myself in horses.","Next I thought of mounted horse artillery but for the present I thought of accepting a second Ltc in the 2d Foreign Battalion, a position which I can get I think without much trouble. Uncle Porter advised me to take it at once as he thought it better to leave now if I could get a position than to wait a while and go as a private. There are several of my acquaintances in the same Battalion and one of my most intimate friends left the other day for a 1st Lt in the same. I cannot use the permission you sent me, it is right with the exception that you omitted to state that I resigned to enter the military service of the C.S. Please send me another with this addition. ","Please excuse mistakes as I have written under difficulties and in haste. ","From your affectionate Son, \nPorter.","New's Ferry, March 27th 1865 ","Dear Father \nI received both of your last letters. The one dated the 4th March first and the one dated 1st, a few days ago. I would have written to you before this, but thought I would wait until certain communication could be established. I did not get to see Mr. Newlon before he left or would have written by him. ","I resigned about two weeks ago. I have been in the trenches one week since, with the Corps. It then took me a week or such a matter to make my arrangements to leave the city. I have accepted the place I wrote you about, and am now on my way to join my command, it is at Charlotte, NC. I would like very much to have come home before going into the army, but the way not being open when I had the time at my own disposal I did not attempt it. ","It would have been a needless expense, and one which Uncle Porter advised me not to incur, though if the way had been clear I certainly should have come. My expenses at the V.M.I. were one hundred and fifty ($150) dollars. I will enclose you a statement of my financial account. I left Richmond Thursday and was two days getting to this place. I am at present at Mr Chalmers, the father of one of my classmates and friends. The son invited The son invited to his fathers house. I wanted some place on the line to leave my trunk. This is the place exactly, it is on a direct line from the south to R and quite safe from the enemy there. The family are so kind. Mr C has invited me to make his house my home, as long as I am pleased to stay, but I shall only remain two or three days. ","I am tolerably equipped. Uncle P bought me a small pair of saddle bags for fifty (50) dollars. He also gave me an oilcloth. I am going to take as little baggage with me as possible and will try and take care of it. On parting from Mr Neeson he gave me some good advice just as you would have done and I saw that he felt a deep interest in my welfare. He also offered me money but I declined because I thought Uncle P had given me what he thought proper. You cannot be too grateful to Mr. Neeson and his family for their kindness to me. I wish you would write to him about it. I wish them to know how grateful I feel to them. ","I hope to see you again but have not the most remote idea when. When you write to me again direct to Lt. Porter Johnson 2d Foreign Battalion, Charlotte NC. Write soon to your affectionate son.  \nPorter Johnson","Dearling Mother \nI have not received a single line from you since a few days before the enemy's raid. I have heard once from home through Papa, but it made me sad than otherwise though I was truly glad to know that you were all well. My dear mother, I have now launched my bark on the ocean of life, and though the clouds lower around me and the waves roll high, I hope by the help of God, to [sp---t] \nthe flood. ","I have thought a great deal about home and friends. I would have liked very much to have come home to see all of the dear ones again, but as it would have been a mere gratification and would have accomplished nothing I suppose it is best as it is. I am now staying at a very kind gentlemans in Halifax County.","I have met with some very kind friends indeed since I resigned. Mrs Neeson has been almost a mother to me, just as kind as she could be. She often talks of you and thinks Papa one of the best men in the world. I almost fell in love with her daughter Mary a quiet unassuming and modest girl of fourteen summers. There is a little bright eyed beauty of twelve years, sitting by me while I write, [ ] my [ ]. Give my best love to all. The girls must write me soon. Give my especial love to Leake, tell him to be a good boy and mind his mother. Write to me soon mother! ","Your devoted son, Porter","Prison Hospital \nCamp Chase, Ohio, June 18, 1865 ","Dear Mother \nThe order for release of prisoners has at last arrived. I expect to be released in about a week. It is a bitter pill but has to be swallowed. I do not expect to be home immediately. J.W. McCorkle is sick, he expects to go to his Uncles in Cabell county. I must go with him. He would do the same for me and more. Then I will go by West Va. I shall stop a few days then hasten home as fast as possible. I am in good health. I have not heard from any at Bridgeport for three weeks, they were all well at that time. Eddie \nWithrow is well, he is going directly home. Jake [Tucker] is well. The thoughts of soon again being clasped in a mothers embrace, Oh! isn't it glorious. My best love to all, regards to my friends. ","From your Affectionate Son  \nPorter Johnson esq  \nSoon to be Citizen of the United States of America Good and Loyal","Dear Sister Allie \nYour letter came duly to hand. I am truly happy to see you are such a punctual correspondent. Did you send the book I wrote for by Mr. C. I saw him the other day but he did not say whether he had brought it or not. I saw a splendid life size picture of Gen. Lee put up in the House of Delegates on Wednesday, it was by Bruce a very ordinary looking man. He asks six five thousand ($65,000) dollars for it. You ought to be here to see the crowds of ladies that flock to see us on dress parade and some very pretty ones I can tell you. I have almost fallen in love with one or two myself. Miss Lou H was out to see us today escorted by Maj. Stuart. She invited me to see her she was looking better than I ever saw her.","Porter Johnson's memoir of the Battle of New Market  is available online","This collection consists of 26 letters, bulk 1862-1865, from Mortimer Howell Johnson and his son Porter to members of their immediate family. The Johnson Family, originally from West Virginia, moved to Brownsburg in Rockbridge County, Virginia, although they maintained close ties to their former home. ","Topics in Mortimer's letters include civilian life during the war, the animosity between Union and Confederate sympathizers in West Virginia (the letter of April 28, 1863 discusses the Union loyalty of Stonewall Jackson's sister, Laura Jackson Arnold), the Battle of Fredericksburg and its aftermath (December 1862), the Jones-Imboden Raid (West Virginia, April 1863).","Porter's letters include a discussion of VMI cadet life at the Alms House in Richmond, Virginia where the Corps was headquartered during the last months of the Civil War.","Written from Richmond, Virginia. Letter contains family news and comments on work of the state legislature.","Written from Brownsburg, Virginia. Letter regards the inflated prices of grain used to produce whiskey for soldiers.","Written from Staunton, Virginia. Letter regards family news and expresses concerns about high cost of food.","Letter regards family news and mentions woman who is a Union sympathizer. Letter also mentions that Porter Johnson is eager to join the army.","Letter regards the Battle of Fredericksburg, Virginia.","Letter regards the Battle of Fredericksburg, Virginia.","Written from Fredericksburg, Virginia. Letter regards the Battle of Fredericksburg and personal news.","Written from Fredericksburg, Virginia. Letter regards family and business news.","Letter regards family friends who have been wounded, refugee families, and a problem with currency.","Written from \"Camp near Verden.\" Letter regards family news and mentions situation in West Virginia.","Written from Lynchburg, Virginia. Letter regards personal news, and inflated prices.","Written from \"Camp Near Verden.\" Letter regards family and business news.","Letter regards family and business news.","Written from Beverly, West Virginia. Letter regards the Jones-Imboden Raid.","Written at \"Hillery's, 9 miles west of Beverley,\" West Virginia. Letter regards the Jones-Imboden Raid, West Virginia and the Union sympathies of Laura Ann Arnold (Jackson).","Written from Weston, West Virginia. Letter regards the Jones-Imboden Raid and burning of bridge at Fairmont.","Written from Camp Kemper, near Staunton, Virginia. Letter regards the Battle of Winchester, Virginia.","Written from Richmond, Virginia. Letter regards general family, business, and Civil War news.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards family and business news.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards General Sheridan's location in the valley.","Written from the Alms House in Richmond, Virginia, where VMI was headquartered from December 1864 until Richmond was evacuated in April 1865. Letter regards life at the Alms House.","Written from the Alms House in Richmond, Virginia, where VMI was headquartered from December 1864 until Richmond was evacuated in April 1865. Letter regards general news.","Written from the Alms House in Richmond, Virginia. Letter regards Porter Johnson's decision to join the Army.","Written at \"New's Ferry.\" Letter regards Porter Johnson joining the Army.","Written at \"New's Ferry.\" Letter regards general news.","Written from Prison Hospital, Camp Chase, Ohio. Letter regards an order for release of prisoners.","Letter regards dress parades.","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","Johnson Family","Johnson, Porter, 1845-1917","Johnson, Mortimer H. (Mortimer Howell), 1815-1889","Arnold, Laura Ann Jackson, 1826-1911","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","Letcher, John, 1813-1884","Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865 (General subdivision: Assassination.)","Sheridan, Philip Henry, 1831-1888","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0341","/repositories/3/resources/609"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Johnson Family papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Johnson Family papers"],"collection_ssim":["Johnson Family papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["West Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"geogname_ssim":["West Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"creator_ssm":["Johnson, Porter, 1845-1917","Johnson, Mortimer H. (Mortimer Howell), 1815-1889"],"creator_ssim":["Johnson, Porter, 1845-1917","Johnson, Mortimer H. (Mortimer Howell), 1815-1889"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Johnson, Porter, 1845-1917","Johnson, Mortimer H. (Mortimer Howell), 1815-1889"],"creators_ssim":["Johnson, Porter, 1845-1917","Johnson, Mortimer H. (Mortimer Howell), 1815-1889"],"places_ssim":["West Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute -- Cadet life -- 1861-1865","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1867","New Market Cadets","Virginia Military Institute—Civil War, 1861-1865","Fredericksburg (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Fredericksburg (Va.), Battle of, 1862","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Home life","Railroads -- Virginia -- Siege, 1863","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1860-1869","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute -- Cadet life -- 1861-1865","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1867","New Market Cadets","Virginia Military Institute—Civil War, 1861-1865","Fredericksburg (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Fredericksburg (Va.), Battle of, 1862","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Home life","Railroads -- Virginia -- Siege, 1863","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1860-1869","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["26 items"],"extent_tesim":["26 items"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p15821coll11/id/1291\"\u003eThe Johnson Family papers are available online\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Online Access"],"altformavail_tesim":["The Johnson Family papers are available online"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMortimer Howell Johnson (1815-1889), a lawyer, was born at Bridgeport, Harrison County, West Virginia in 1815. He married Eliza Dulaney Kemble, born in Kingwood, Preston County, West Virginia. The Johnson Family resided in Brownsburg, Rockbridge County, Virginia at beginning of the Civil War, and Mortimer enlisted in April 1864 (at age 48) in the Rockbridge Senior Reserves. He was described as having a dark complexion, dark hair and eyes, and 5 foot 6 inches tall. He died on December 13, 1889 in Charleston, West Virginia and is buried at the High Bridge Presbyterian Church cemetery, Rockbridge County, Virginia. He was the father of Porter Johnson, VMI Class of 1867.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePorter Johnson (1845-1917) was born in 1845 in Taylor County, West Virginia. He matriculated at VMI on September 1, 1863 and was a cadet private at the Battle of New Market on May 15, 1864. Porter resigned from Corps of Cadets on March 6, 1865 and joined the 8th Confederate Battalion commanded by Colonel Garnett Andrews. He was captured at Salisbury, North Carolina on April 12, 1865 and imprisoned, and was paroled June 13, 1865. He returned to Rockbridge County where he was a farmer. He died on June 9, 1917.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Mortimer Howell Johnson (1815-1889), a lawyer, was born at Bridgeport, Harrison County, West Virginia in 1815. He married Eliza Dulaney Kemble, born in Kingwood, Preston County, West Virginia. The Johnson Family resided in Brownsburg, Rockbridge County, Virginia at beginning of the Civil War, and Mortimer enlisted in April 1864 (at age 48) in the Rockbridge Senior Reserves. He was described as having a dark complexion, dark hair and eyes, and 5 foot 6 inches tall. He died on December 13, 1889 in Charleston, West Virginia and is buried at the High Bridge Presbyterian Church cemetery, Rockbridge County, Virginia. He was the father of Porter Johnson, VMI Class of 1867.","Porter Johnson (1845-1917) was born in 1845 in Taylor County, West Virginia. He matriculated at VMI on September 1, 1863 and was a cadet private at the Battle of New Market on May 15, 1864. Porter resigned from Corps of Cadets on March 6, 1865 and joined the 8th Confederate Battalion commanded by Colonel Garnett Andrews. He was captured at Salisbury, North Carolina on April 12, 1865 and imprisoned, and was paroled June 13, 1865. He returned to Rockbridge County where he was a farmer. He died on June 9, 1917."],"odd_heading_ssm":["Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription","Transcription"],"odd_tesim":["Richmond, Feby 10 58","Dear Leake  \nI received your letter this morning and was glad to hear that you are well and that you have made up your mind to be a good boy and learn to read and write, so that when I am away from home you can write to me for yourself. It would afford me great pleasure to see you and to have you here with me. It would please you very much to see the big brass horse on the Washington \nmonument. But Leake, if you will be a good boy and learn your book and acquire a great deal of information and knowledge, you can come down here yourself some day and see Richmond and all the sights that are worth seeing here. The legislature is working very slow and not doingmuch good for the country. The House is not in session yet this morning. At 8 o'clock I left my boarding house came by the Post Office and barber shop at half past 9 in the house and engaged in writing this letter to you. The house meets at 11 o'clock and adjourns about 3 o'clock, so that we get dinner at half past 3. Sometimes the house does not adjourn until later. You set down in the house with a comfortable cushioned chair to sit upon, a desk before you to write upon and it frequently happens that while a member thinks he is making a very fine speech, one half the members are engaged in writing letters or reading newspapers. I suppose you have heard of the fight that happened in Congress last Saturday. It was disgraceful to the Nation andthe men that were engaged in it are heartily ashamed of it. You are the first that mentioned Katy in your letters. I had almost forgotten her. How is Sam Burdett and the rest of the boys or have you been so close at home that you have not seen them. I want you above all things Leake to be kind to others. How would you like to deny yourself at table and refuse to eat, until you see all the rest comfortably seated. This would be true politeness, \nand you would soon learn to be happy in seeing others happy. This would soon afford you a great pleasure, and you would then learn to \"do unto others as you would have others do unto you.\" Hoping to hear form you soon. I remain ","Truly yours  \nM. H. Johnson","Brownsburg, Rockbridge Virginia February 2, 1862 C.W. Newlon, Esq","Dear Sir Expecting you home in a few days. I have concluded to write to you again upon the subject of impressments and praying that something may be done, and that promptly to arrest the distillation of grain. Corn is now $1.12 and it would not surprise me if it reached $2.00 per bushel before the 1st of April. Ten barrels of whiskey were sold in this county a few days since at the almost fabulous price of three dollars per gal. If these prices are demanded and obtained for new liquor fresh from the still what is to \nprevent corn from being advanced before October to $5.00 per bu. Self preservation is the 1st law of nature and why should not that law apply to nations as well as to individuals. What will be our condition should the enemy push their raids so far into the interior as to destroy our railroad connections. If we expect to maintain our position, our stores of subsistence should be preserved. The North expected to starve us out when the war commenced. All that recognize a superintending providence had \ncause to thank the giver of daily bread last year for our unusually heavy crop of all kinds of grain. It was every where considered as an evidence that the Lord was on our side. Grant that it was so will he continue to be if we abuse his choicest favors-- if we convert ourselves into a nation of extortioners and have for our soldiers an army of drunkards. Grant as some contend that liquor is necessary for the soldiers should not a limit be placed upon the price of it . Liquor for which 3 dollars per gal is paid after running the blockade of the camp is frequently sold to the soldier at the high price of from one to five dollars per pint. If it is \nnecessary for the soldier it should be added to his rations and handed out under proper rules and regulations and every other person detected in smuggling liquor into the camp should be summarily and severely punished. Upon the summits of the Alleghaneys Gen. Johnson does not think it necessary to the health of the soldier and has with great diligence prevented its introduction to his camp. From what I can learn he has emptied of their contents more than fifty barrels in the last few weeks. This is seizing the bull by the horns . He is not tainted with that miserable fastidious delicacy of sentiment that is fearful of hurting somebody's feelings. He is entrusted with the defense of one of the important passes into the valley of Virginia and with a moral heroism equal to his fierce courage in the hours of conflict with the enemy he does not stop to inquire whether\nany body is hurt. How are the people of the valley who remain at home acting towards the heroic defenders of the Alleghany but for whose \nindomitable courage in repulsing an overwhelming body of the enemy the valley would now be overrun by marauding hordes of black Republican soldiers. While these brave men are enduring the rigors of a climate at an elevation where snow, rain or hail is an every day occurrence these that remain at home are engaged in all kinds of speculation. Every lb of butter though produced in unusually huge quantities is retailed to the soldiers at fifty cents per lb \u0026 c.","Staunton, Sept. 20th, 1862","My Dear Wife It is possible that some ladies will leave here in a few days for Upshur County. I avail myself of the opportunity to inform you so far we are all well though there is and has been a great deal of sickness all over of this country. The girls are now boarding at a very good house in Brownsburg. The family not wanting help [Alcinda] is at Mr. Newlons. Porter and I left Brownsburg the last of September for the Mountains. We were one day too late to go with [Jenkins] or we might have attempted to get home. Porter has gone down the Valley towards Winchester and I shall start down today and fall in with him. We shall go as far as Maryland thence to Faquier and probably Rappahannock. I saw Gen Johnson a few days since, he was in good health and spirits. I have not heard from Philander for some time but \nsuppose that he is well. W. P. Kemble is still at Clarksville, Mecklenburg Co., Va. W. E. Kimble is at Richmond and well. He sent me 250 dollars. [Benton] sent me 250 dollars some time since. I received a letter from [Benton]- also one from Porter a few days since. They have both gone to Missouri to assist in organizing the troops in that State. Events are transpiring so rapidly at the present time that I should suppose both would tire of death and carnage. If the tide of war does not bring us home this fall I scarcely know what course to ask you to pursue. If you could bring sufficient with you to go to house keeping and meat to eat and other small articles there would be no difficulty in procuring a house in any part of the country, but it is almost impossible to procure any thing at this time in this country. Bacon is fifty cents sugar 80, coffee 2.00. -- calico 1.50 \nper yd., \u0026 c. But you have doubtly seen the prices of articles south in the Northern papers. I have not received a line from you since May. I saw young Cochran a few days since, he said he had seen you somewhere before he left, but did not speak to you. It was a satisfaction to know that you were well. I do not now know whether you have received any of my letters written with regard to the suits brought against me, therefore I repeat here what I have said in all my letters -- to pay no attention to their suits and do not \ntrouble yourself as to what disposition is made of the property- simply preserve all my books and papers. If you can get any thing from [T___] or Potts, do so, receipting to them for what you get. The girls are well pleased at the house they are now boarding at. The refugee families are all well. I do not know who of our soldiers have been killed in the fights at Manassas, Harpers Ferry, and in Maryland, but think the Taylor boys have escaped. Give my love to Leake and tell him for me to keep at his books.  \nBelieve me truly yours  \nM H Johnson","Porter has been anxious to go into the army this winter and I have half promised him that could he get to see you again he might go. He feels mortified at his present position and he is ambitious to take some part in the war. His idea is that a man has but one time to die and that a few years more or less will not make any difference. He says that he is able to carry a musket and that if he\ndoes not raise his arm in defence of his country under existing circumstances he shall never feel like asking a Southern woman to marry him and that a northern woman he would not have under any circumstances. George Armstrong was at Brownsburg when I left. He had come down on a visit. He is able to walk with the use of one crutch. He\nis conditionally true to his engagement . If what he shall have heard about be true of her joining in the reception at Grafton of the Yankee invaders he will suffer his other leg to be crippled and both arms torn from his body before he would have her or any other woman that by act of courtesy received a yankee favorably. George is a brave man, he is true to his country, and true to his love\nprovided she has been true to herself. I approve his course. I detest with intense hatred the time serving policy pursued in our country and I told Mr. [Ceplin] very frankly that it was with reluctance that I gave my hand to a man who was in the habit of shaking hands with the Yankees or what is worse the Union men of NW Virginia and I do not think I am an exception. Tho I have mentioned to you the sickness here, do not give yourself any uneasiness about it. Mr. Newlon promised that if Alcinda or her child gets sick, that he will take care of them. As we have been favored so far I still trust to Providence to preserve\nus in future. The girls are at a good house and should they get sick are in good hands- - Fanny is very careful they have all been using preventives so be of good cheer and do not get out of heart. Philander is well though I have not seen him for about a year. Porter and I went to Winchester, stayed in the Army ten days, but Philander was absent. We passed him as we went down the Valley and did not know. The fences are burned, this makes the road wide. To be relieved of the dust we were frequently 50 yards\nfrom the road. Philander has charge of about 100 wagons and was going to Rockingham for corn, thus we missed him. I suppose he gets about 100 dollars per month. I do not think he is drinking in fact he has not been. Porter I suppose will go the Army to see him. Say to Mr. Gawthrop that his son is well. He has been detailed as a butcher at $50 per month. William Sharps is his assistant. Saml\nTucker was seriously wounded at the battle of Manassas, but it is thought will recover. Uriah has recovered from his wound and is again in the Army. Jac is not yet able to go in the Army but is at the hospital taking care of Saml. H. Mahany and John are well, also the two Robinsons and James Boyd. I received a letter from Brother Porter and one from Thomas written the 27th of August, I have not heard since. They were well at that time. I do not think they were in the battle of Corinth as they had been sent on other service at that time. Porter expressed a desire that his family should be on this side of the line - his principle fear was that Tell might be made to swear he does not wish him to take an oath on any account. If there is no danger of Tell being sworn probably they had better stay where they are. W.P. Goff must be informed that he will be held personally responsible should he on any account permit or not prevent the administering of any of them oaths to Tell. Porter also swears by all that is sacred that he will hold some men in Clarksburg responsible for any indignity that may be offered to Father in any way, shape or form. Tell Emily that I try to keep Porter apprized that she is well \u0026 c. I have just seen a young man from Clarksburg and I shall write to\nPorter in the morning. I again repeat my advice to Father to quit business, have no cattle or other goods, convert everything into gold at even 40 percent and bury it, and put no tombstone to its grave. Give my love to Leake, tell him to be a good boy to attend to his book and say his lessons to you. I do not want him sent to school. I would not have him taught by anyone I know save yourself. I do not want him to associate with the children of the Union people in your section of the State. Tell Leake that Porter and I have slept out of doors a good many nights. We do this sooner than ask people to keep us all night, it is nothing to be refused a lodging for the night for love or money-- still there are some clever people. I have but one motto that is to \"run with patience the race set before,\" this I intend to do. So be of good cheer and do not despair. \nTruly yours, \nM. H. Johnson \nSince writing Mr. C. has been looking over his letters and [shares] the enclosed note from Miss Armstrong. W.P. Kimble is well, he is at Clarksville, Mecklenburg County Virginia. I loaned to Henry C Middleton fifty dollars when I was at the oil wells. Write him a note to send you the money, say to him that you are in need of it. To your friends buying in and hold for redemption such articles\nas you need I have no objection, but things that you do not need and than can be replaced let them go---","Monday Evening \nMy Dear Wife \nI write you this note to let you know that I arrived here safely last evening. I do not look for Porter and Bradford for several days. The roads are very much cut up and I expect they will have a hard time. I started Dick to meet them, but he may miss them entirely. Our loss in the fighting that has taken place is 1742 in killed and wounded. Our dead have been buried. The Yankee dead remain\nunburied. The field of battle is still in dispute. The Yankees have not asked the privilege of burying their dead and we cannot [venture] to do it. Ours were carried off during the fight. We occupied the best position and think the enemy loss 5 to our one. I have just been to take a look at the Yankee Army. They are drawn up in line of battle, but as it is now 4 o'clock we do not think\nthere will be a fight today. The principal fight was on Friday--though in sight we feel secure. My back is better though I am yet suffering. I was offered 200 dollars for the wagon and 2 sets harness, but could get no transportation at Staunton for our load. I am writing on a moments notice so excuse this hasty note. We are 10 miles from the office----","Thursday morning \nMy Dear Wife \nPorter and Bradford have not arrived yet--but unless I write today you will not hear from me until next week. This may reach you on Saturday and even [now] I must write very hastily. The loss of the abolitionists in the last battle near Fredericksburg was greater than we at first supposed. They are again on the other side of the River. I spent yesterday afternoon in going over a portion of the battle field near or adjoining the City. On the portion of the field I visited there were at least 500 dead. Under a flag of truce they were burying their dead but doing it in a very careless manner. Unless they worked last night they cannot get through before sometime today. After going through Fredericksburg and seeing the results of their vandalism I felt no sympathy for their justly merited fate. Scattered books, broken [----], furniture of all kinds and every description carried into the streets and broken to pieces. Our own loss is narrowed down to less than 400 killed and less than a thousand wounded, while the loss of the enemy cannot be less than 2000 killed and from 10 to 20 thousand wounded and missing. All who have visited the ground concur in the opinion that the dead\nare thicker upon the ground than any [field] they have seen. One could have walked for 400 yds upon the dead. This was close up to the houses reaching back 400 yds to a stone wall. Burnsides is considered a fool for making the attack, as from his camp he could see our position and defenses. Our army could have withstood an attack by 400 thousand men. Our victory was complete. I have not yet seen any Yankee account of the battle. There was some conversation on yesterday between our men and the men\ndetailed to bury the dead. They all agreed that their defeat was a terrible one. A physician told Judge G. that he thought this [------] would certainly satisfy the North. We lost [260] as prisoners who were exchanged on yesterday. We have besides about 1000 prisoners who will be paroled but you will get the news from the papers before this reaches you. All is quiet this morning. Write to me and let me know how you are getting along. Write at least twice a week as in that way probably one of the letters might reach me. Give my love to the children and believe me truly yours, \nMHJ \nPS. The 25th and 31st were not engaged. I have not seen Philander he is 12 miles distant.","Camp Fredericksburg  \nDec. 25th 1862 \nMy Dear Wife \nI should like this morning to be with you very much but as that cannot be the best I can do is to write you and let you know how\nglad I would be were it so. Days and weeks seem to me much longer now than they were before your arrival, before I could not be with you if I would; now I might were it not that I would have to give up a situation in order to gratify my wishes and my feelings. I have not heard from you since I left, but hope that you are all well and getting along well. The weather here has been much colder than the spell was at Brownsburg while I was there. From all we can gather from the Northern papers their defeat was much greater than we supposed immediately after the battle. One of their correspondents estimates 3000 wounded in one of their divisions and that the wounded are in our hands. This is not so. Their number of dead is greater than their estimate. Many of the southern Regts take no prisoners especially the Louisianians - who are determined to have revenge for the outrages of Butler and his troops -. One can form but a faint idea of the horrors of a battle field without an actual inspection upon the ground. I can assure you I should feel rejoice if the war could close without such another scene as we have witnessed here - but if our foes will not cease the War which it is in their power to do then I hope that every conflict will result as favorable to us as this great fight at Fredericksburg. Porter went to see Philander and took to him the little things you had sent to him. He needs two flannel shirts also his hat. Hopes to be able to go and see you before a great while. Jackson's Army is about 20 miles from our camp. Porter carried Mr. Rapps package and boots to him, but learned that he had been wounded and taken to Lynchburg - this I suppose is no news at Brownsburg by this time. Ask what shall be done with what was sent to him. When I wrote you last my information was that the \n31st and 25th were not engaged but this was not correct. I do not know how many were wounded or killed in either but do not think the loss was great. We have a very fine band in the same field we are in. Last night among others they played \"Old Dog Tray.\" It made me think of Carlo and your description of his faithfulness. There seems to be no gloom or dreariness of thought among our soldiers so far as\nmy observation extends. All seem cheerful and gay. The dead are buried - the wounded and sick sent off - so that the well alone \nare left. Victory inspires confidence and certainly a great victory has attended our armies and what is more the North feels and\n[ ---- ] it. When Mr. Newlon goes to Richmond let him renew our subscription to the Examiner for six months or if you prefer some other paper. Let him subscribe to the paper you prefer. Porter did not arrive here until the dead were buried so that he missed a sight. I have very much desired he should see under the hope it would lessen his desire to join the army before he is 18. Our lead was too much for the bad team we had. I left 2 barrels of apples and 65 lbs butter at Staunton. Porter afterwards left 2 barrels at Waynesboro -- arriving here with 3 2/3 bls of apples and part of his butter. The expenses of the trip were over 40 dollars - unless those left behind come on it will prove a losing business.","Camp Fredericksburg  \nDecember 29, 1862 \nMy Dear Wife \nI am still without a letter from you, nor have I heard from Brownsburg since I left. We move in the morning to some point 25 miles nearer to Richmond so you need not answer this note until you hear from me again. Only portions of the army fall back at this \ntime, but it is supposed that Gen. Lee with the main army will follow in a short time; the object being to eat up everything as we fall \nback so that the enemy will find it difficult to sustain or rather to support their army should they elect to advance. I sold the wagon, harness and the two old horses for 625 dollars including the horse I had when you arrived. I thought it better to keep the two young mares for the present. Porter was offered 300 dollars for the bay mare today but thinks she will bring more money. I have heard nothing of the butter and apples left at Staunton and Waynesboro and probably never will. If so I shall lose by my investment as I sold what arrived here for cost and expenses. You had better have your apples opened and see that they are not rotting. These that arrived here had rotted considerably. Richard started to Staunton on Saturday morning and will not return for some two weeks. I have suffered considerably for the last few days with my back and have had to use half of a bottle of liniment tonight being the first I have used since the morning I left. Porter is in good health and if he keeps well and we settle down for the winter I think I can learn him so that he can do my writing and give me an opportunity to stay with you for a short time in the month of Feby. I should like to be with you sooner but do not see how I can get away sooner with the amount of writing on hand. I have taken up for the benefit of the 31st Regt a small collection among the men in our train. You will ask Mr. Withrow to hand to \nthe Ladies Society of Brownsburg thirty dollars with the request that they purchase yarn and convert it into socks for the men in that Regt. I shall try to send them a farther sum sometime next month. If you need money call on Mr. Withrow for what you may need until I have an opportunity to send you some which will be before long. It is now near 11 oclock. I was writing all day, have been packing up tonight so that we can make an early start in the morning having gotten every thing ready. Though tired I felt like writing to you if for nothing else to say how glad I would be to be with you. Give my love to all the children and accept for yourself my last thought for the night and my last letter for 1862.","...Philander was well last week. I have not seen him since the fight at P Republic. He has been to Richmond and is now with Jackson's Army (where Jackson is no one even knows except the Yankees). W.E. Kemble is at Richmond Asst Surgeon at some of the hospitals--W P Kemble is well though I have not seen him for 9 months, we have not met. Young Gawthrop, Jones, Armstrong and the men generally from our section are well--The 3 Tuckers have all been wounded but are getting well. You will see that [Jack] Tucker's wife does not suffer--a braver man does not exist. Hansbrough I heard was in Richmond a few days since, I have not seen him since last November. Mr. Armstrong and family are at Buckingham Courthouse. George is recovering from his wound slowly. I saw a letter from him a few days since to Doct Newlon in which he stated that the ladies \"God bless em\"had been very kind to him and he was not certain but that there was a warm corner in his heart for one of them \"having been disappointed in his first love he did not know whether he should ever love again.\" Doct Newlon said the interpretation was that Vic had joined in the procession at Grafton to welcome the yankee troops. We heard at the time that there was a procession at Grafton and there may be some foundation for the story. If she was one of that number I do blame George, but on the contrary approve his view. In most the Southern cities the true Southern women refuse to recognize in any way the whole tribe of invaders. I admire their course. I wrote to you last winter to tell J W B to keep quiet. I have never heard whether you received my letter or any other of the many letters I have written this spring. If they have fallen into Yankee hands, they have found out that I feel but little respect for them and less for the time serving people in your section of the State (W. Va). Fanny has also written to you, but whether the letters ever reached you or not, I do not know. The Refugee families have all escaped sickness so far--this is wonderful considering the amount of sickness we have seen of all kinds. Porter is a very good boy and says he thinks he will return to you as good as he left. I have promised him that he may go to the Army whenever he has seen you--it galls him very much that I will not let him go. The boys are more anxious to go than the men. Charles Newlon Jr. has joined a Cavalry Co. and is now at Union Monroe. Mrs. N was opposed to it, but Newlon desired him to go. Newlon's family are still at Brownsburg all well. D. Goff, Claud[--] and their families 5 miles west of Staunton, the longer they stay away the firmer South they become. The Crawfords from Beverly are all well and near Brownsburg. B. Bassel and my self are now writing these letters at the same table while Geo. Johnson is reading the news. You will send word to Mahoney's family that he is well and making money and that he expects Smith to pay them the amt furnished by him to Wash--which was considerable--and if they should need it,--more. Mahoney I suppose has made over 7000 seven thousand dollars--he is trading in every way. Edward Payne was at Staunton a few days since. He brought up a Sincel or Sinclair captured at Moorefield. I did not see Payne and my informant could not remember the name, said he was a wagoner. The Yankees were paroled, but not so with the Virginians. Gov. Letcher has something to say to Virginians captured in the service of Lincoln. If you get any money either get gold or valley money do not trust to N W. Virginia money and for this reason--If in the tide of War our armies should ever win the N West your money will not be good, as the men having charge of the banks will leave and carry with them the specie. Father thinks he knows too much to be advised. I am surprised at his doing business or attempting to do it. But if in the tide of War our army should get your way our friends should lay out all their Northern money for bacon and other articles needed in the south. I give a hint if they do not profit by it--I cannot keep it--I am not doing anything to make money. I have refused to join in the mania for speculation that has 1/2 ruined the Patriotism of the south. All speculation here causes the poor to suffer. If we had not stopped making whiskey corn would have been from five to ten dollars per bushel. Whiskey sells at 5 dollars per gal by the barrel and often as five dollars per pint by retail...","Camp near Verden \nJanuary 25, 1863 \nMy Dear Wife \nYours of the 15th was received one week since for your expressions of kindness receive my sincere thanks. Your uneasiness about my health and amount of labor is too great. The amt of labor is not so very great except at particular times. If I did not suffer with my back, it would not be much. I was in Richmond this week saw your brother William, he was ordered to N Carolina the day I arrived in Richmond and left next morning. I saw Trayhorn the bogus Sheriff of Barbour who was arrested by Capt Hill of Imboden's command and brought to Richmond. After his arrest a company from [M or W-------] went to Barbour killed 2 citizens  and carried 8 more to Wheeling to be held as hostages for the safety of Trayhorn. I learn from Judge Camden who left Richmond yesterday that John Williamson and Wm. Elliot had arrived in Richmond as Commissioners from Pierpoint to effect the release of Trayhorn. Saml. Elliot had been carried to Wheeling as one of the hostages. I saw the judge but a moment and did not learn the particulars about the killing of the men in Barbour. Mrs Rapps [ ] is here did not receive your letter about it until Goff had left and I was not here when Bradford left. If there was anything else it has been stolen. I found the bundle open one day but not hearing what was in it I could not tell whether anything was missing or not. I hope it was nothing of much value. When at home I lost the key of the trunk was not the stray key at Mr. Withrow's mine--We do not need any blankets have plenty--I shall write you in a few days. Do not count time as I am not certain when I can be at home. Give my love to all the children--write to Porter about improvement of his time--he has books--","Lynchburg, Tuesday  \nMarch 10, 1863  \nMy Dear Wife \nI might have stayed another hour with you on Sunday, but I wanted to give Leake ample time to return and not ride fast as it was very warm on Sunday. I arrived at the landing at least 3 hours before the boat started--arrived here yesterday morning by 9 oclock--shall leave in the morning for Hanover--not certain that I shall have hired a single teamster. There has been a heavy fall of snow today, but it is raining now and everything looks gloomy and I feel so I cannot help it. Here you see nothing and hear nothing but tobacco--save when a soldier steps up to pay his bill or asks what he will have to pay for a days board and is answered 5, 6 or 7 dollars. I feel satisfied from his look, that he wishes all these people in Yankeedom and \ntheir town in ashes. I do not feel hopeful at this time as to the result of the contest. I do not fear that Yankees can whip us, but I do fear that the desire of gain, the thirst for money will yet overwhelm us. One can hardly feel like risking his life for such a set, but our rulers are to blame. If in the first place a tariff of prices had been fixed upon the leading articles--such a state of things would never have existed. Before Porter starts for his [mare] he had better see if he can get anything to feed her on--if he cannot she will be badly off. I bought yesterday near 1/2 pint cabbage seed for $4.00--this you will think a large quantity. I want to raise a full garden, what we do not want we can sell. I also bought a paper of Turnip, salsify, and parsley and lettuce. I think in all probability I shall return home to stay before long and the more I think about it and the more I see how the soldiers are treated the less I approve of Porter's determination to go into the service before his time, but he will have to decide for himself. I am not certain now about starting in the morning as the man that was to meet me here this evening has not done so. You need \nnot write until you hear from me again, that is if you all keep well--","Camp Near Verden  \nMarch 14, 1863 \nMy Dear Wife \nI returned here on Thursday. I went to Richmond today on business--was there but 4 hours. Just before leaving I met with Porter Johnson who had arrived in Richmond last night. He had been told by some one that I was in Richmond, was on the look out for me. I shook hands with him without recognizing him. I was not thinking about him--did not look particularly before I remarked \"I believe I do not remember you.\"---He had not received any of our letters. I had but little conversation with him and did not learn his business. I shall go down to Richmond on Monday to see him. He may visit Brownsburg before his return to Missouri. I met young Camden at the cars in Lynchburg and sent the garden seeds by him. I shall try and get some more seeds in this neighborhood. I found your letter on my return--read it with much satisfaction though I had seen you since it was written. Norvel Lewis of Clarksburg died in Richmond last Saturday. He had been drinking for some days, was prostrated at once and all that could be done did not revive him. Porter knew him well and I hope his fate will be a warning to him never to drink liquor. His death has produced a great grief among those that knew him. I shall write again by Wednesday's mail. Let me know when you are to move. Probably if Porter concludes to come up I may be up with him. If you have nothing in the house do not fret about it. You cannot have less furniture than we have in camp and we got along very well. So long as we keep our health take the world easy--it is not worth while to fret about what we cannot help. I sold the bay mare this evening for $300, she was being reduced each day, so I though it better to part with her. After you are moved, I will write to Porter when to come after his mare. Give my love to the children and believe me truly yours  \nM H Johnson \nMarch 15 63  \nMy Dear Wife  \nCapt. Semmes did not leave this morning as he expected. Tell Porter I have examined his mare today. I do not think she has fallen off much. Write to me on the receipt of this and forward to Verden. Let me know when you will move or whether you have moved. There has been no weather for gardening, so I do not expect that Porter has done anything yet. I can get some sweet \npotatoes  from [S ]--had I better do so","Sunday March 29 [1863]","My Dear Wife \nYours of the 25th was received last evening. On Tuesday I went to Richmond and returned on Thursday. On Friday morning I went to Fredericksburg and returned on yesterday. I saw Philander--he was well and had received your letter. He had joined a company in the 13th Virginia Regt and thought probably he might go into actual service. ","Since I left Fredericksburg our army have used up a large proportion of the timber for firewood--the timber being cut down--the Yankee truly are in full view for miles. The soldiers have been ordered to send nearly all their baggage to Richmond so as to have nothing but what they can carry upon their backs. Some think there will be a movement either forward or backward in a few days. ","Porter's business at Richmond is to have adjusted the pay coming to the Missouri troops. He was nearly through with his business when I left Richmond. He had not determined on what route he would return to the west. I regret very much that we moved into that house since they have taken the store room for a hospital--as sickness has generally followed the army. But I suppose among [P ] of Brownsburg it would be heretical to suppose that anyone would be sick without a special decree from above. ","I think it probable that I may be that way in 10 or 15 days. There is some business to do in Culpeper and probably in Buckingham. I may go on horseback if so I shall ride mare and go into Brownsburg. I am not positive about it. We had a very rainy day yesterday--it is cold today. It is near the first of April and there is very little plowing done in this neighbourhood, everything is very backward, nothing green except wheat and that very poor. ","Give my love to the children and believe me truly yours, \nM H Johnson","Beverly \nSaturday 25 [April] 1863 ","My Dear Wife \nBeverly was taken yesterday after about two hours cannonading and some but not much skirmishing of infantry. The abolitionists were about 1300 in number. Latham succeeded in burning all his stores. [He] succeeded in getting away in the direction of Philippi with little or no loss of men. Our cavalry pursued, but I fear without any success. ","If Porter has not started tell him to stay where he is. The bad management here has [lessened] my confidence in this command. The bridges are gone over Greenbrier river and the road might not be safe on account of Union men. I hope he has not started or that you did not receive my last letter. I am very tired and pretty well worn out. I have no doubt but Latham will burn the bridge at \nPhilippi. ","Yours in haste \nMHJ","Hillery's, 9 miles West of Beverly  \nTuesday April [28, 1863] ","My Dear Wife \nFortune has favored us though we do not deserve it. We had advanced to within 12 miles of Philippi--the same distance from Buckannon--news came that 8 Brigades had reinforced the enemy--we commenced to retreat on Beverly and had reached this point. This morning we know that the enemy have fled from Buckhannon \u0026 Philippi--that Jones has captured New Creek and destroyed the Railroad at Rowlesburg. We start west again this morning either by Buckannon or Philippi.","Had Jackson been in command we would have been in Clarksburg today, The railroad would have been destroyed. When we turned back almost every man was dissatisfied--all wanted to fight the enemy without regard to numbers. Mrs. J. Arnold  --sister of Gen. Jackson--went off with the yankees. Arnold stayed at home says he is a good southern man, that his wife is crazy but Hell he says, could not govern a Jackson.","If Porter comes he must come with a crowd or with the mail which has a guard. Love to you all.","May 1st 1863","I was too late for the mail when I wrote the note on this sheet. We have been here two days. I do not know when we shall leave. I shall not be able to leave this command while it stays here and shall have to share its fortunes. The enemy have retired to Grafton \u0026 Clarksburg. Our information is very uncertain. Gen. Jones we are informed is at Evansville. It is very hard to communicate with him and we may have to form a junction with him before we advance against Clarksburg.","The Union people have fled by thousands. Dick was near Henson Hoff's--Hoff and his two sons have fled. He had held office under the Lincoln Government. If Porter has not started he had better come with the crowd that guards the mail. I have purchased dress patterns enough for our family for some time to come (calico Gingham) \u0026 also for Mr. Withrow's and some others, cloth for \nPorter and entire suit overcoat \u0026 c. I have boxed them up- do not know when they will reach you. I have been appointed agent to take charge of all abandoned property. This will be a heavy work--","Weston \nMay 5th [1863] ","My Dear Wife \nI believe I wrote to you from Beverly. I have written to you since but missed the mail. After the affair at Beverly on Friday we left Beverly on Saturday about noon, marched 9 miles and encamped on Sunday. We marched to a point equidistant from Buckhannon and Philippi. Hearing nothing from Jones and learning that Mulligan had reinforced Gen Roberts we fell back to \nwithin 9 miles of Beverly. We again started for Buckhannon before reaching that point the enemy had evacuated the place--burnt a [ ] amt of commissaries stores \u0026 c. A large no of the Union men going with them.","We remained at Buckhannon two or three days waiting to hear from Gen. Jones, having lost sight of him at Evansville. Gen. Jones arrived at Buckhannon Saturday morning, having been at [ ], Morgantown, Fairmont, [Skinnston], Bridgeport, Philippi. We immediately marched to Weston arriving here on Sunday morning. Beyond Evansville the Railroad was torn up for a considerable distance. The fine bridge at Fairmont was [blown] down. There was a fight at Fairmont, several killed, 400 prisoners taken. 3 killed \nat Bridgeport \u0026 c. Gen Jones command brought in 1200 horses taken from Union and secession men without pay. Father lost about 30 so the men say--he will be paid some day Gen Jones has consented that Dick may take one of the horses taken from Father. I am glad our troops got the horses pay or no pay. ","Mason [Hisser] \u0026 Ed Payne now along--I do not know when the next move will be made. The enemy are massing their strength at Clarksburg and probably outnumber us. It think it likely that Gen. Jones will make another raid around the enemy before Gen. Imboden advances upon Clarksburg. A fight may take place at Clarksburg, some days hence. Our friends are completely \nsubdued, talk in whispers are afraid to speak out.","At Buckhannon I purchased about two hundred dollars worth of goods, mostly plain dry goods--put them in a box with some purchased by the Qr Master of the 31st Virginia Regt. I believe he has the goods with him, do not know whether he will ever have an opportunity to send them out. I have purchased fifty dollars worth here but do ot know what to do with them--having no transportation. There are plenty fo goods but the difficulty is what to do with them.  Porter arrived here yesterday, he is well. I do not know when either of us will return.","Camp Kemper, Near Staunton \nSept 23d 1864 ","My Dear Wife \nI reported here this morning, at Staunton yesterday morning--may start to Richmond any morning on short notice. Found Dick's horse of no value he gave out before I had reached Middlebrook. With much labour I reached a point 3 miles beyond Staunton by 9 o'clock at night--next morning sent the horse to English's. I staid in Staunton 2 days with the hope of hearing some of the \nparticulars of the fight in the Valley, some of the casualties but could learn nothing of the kind.","The account of the battle is about as follows. The enemy in far superior number attacked Early about day light. We held our own until 3 o'clock driving the enemy some two miles--at which time our Cavalry upon the left embracing Vaughan's, Imboden's, McCausland's, and Wickham's brigade gave way. This placed the enemy's cavalry in Winchester in the rear of our infantry and close upon our wagon train. The wagon train would have been destroyed but for the large number of stragglers with the train--the\nYankee Cavalry mistaking them for a strong guard. Our infantry retired fighting saving the train and all the artillery but 3 pieces. I cannot learn the names of any of the killed wounded or captured except Gen. Rodes \u0026 Gen. Godwin killed. Gen Lee wounded. I shall go back to Staunton this evening and if I can learn any other names I will enclose them in this letter. Gen. Breckinridge is in Staunton today on his way to take command in S.W. Virginia. Nearly all our dead and wounded fell into the hands of the enemy--our loss being about 3,000. Those who passed over the ground from which we drove the enemy until 3 o'clock think the loss of the enemy greater than ours.","You have doubtless heard before this of the arrival of Richard Brown's family at Doct McChesney's. 5 families in all came through--the Yankees giving permission to all to come who desired to do so. Tell Leake to tell Mr. Higgenbotham that his detail was granted upon the ground of private necessity until the first of November. The detail has been here since the 15 of August. Tell Leake to gather all the fodder he can, but not to work too hard. If our army should fall back up the Valley have the barrels that are fixed filled with flour so that you can move it from the mill should it become necessary.","Yours  \nM H Johnson","Fitz Lee Cavalry were whipped on Thursday in the Page Valley losing 4 pieces of Artillery. Gen Early was at Woodstock last night having lost 12 pieces of artillery at Fisher's Hill or some other point--he is falling back up the Valley. The excitement here is on the increase. Capt. Corder was killed. Col. Patton of the 22 badly wounded and in the hands of the enemy. Accounts on both sides in the Examiner not far from the truth regarding the stand point from which the view is taken. All say our cavalry has acted badly. Let \nthe advocates of plunder remember.","Richmond \nOct 11 64 ","My Dear Wife \nLeaving Staunton on Sunday evening of the break up I reached this place on Tuesday evening. Have been well since. The reserves are here on guard duty--encamped on the Manchester side of the river. At the great fright here last Friday week a portion of our command was sent to the front. I was not among the number. On Monday morning there was a severe frost here--ice forming upon buckets of water outside the tents. I suppose the early frost has [swept] or ruined our cane patch. I would be better to procure barrels and have as much of the flour ground as you can. Porter had better have his ground and forwarded to Richmond--if he desires it at this point before he leaves. I see the cadets are ordered to Richmond. Tell Porter if he has not started that he will find me at the camp at Manchester.","Every thing is again very quiet about here for the last few days not a distant cannon has been heard for several days. Henry Mahoney was among the returned prisoners. A gentleman desires Ella Wade to be informed that her husband at Fort McHenry was well last week. If Porter has not started he should bring with him his white overcoat and blanket as the nights are very cold here--at least have been. I have not heard from home since I left. You have doubtless heard of the arrival at Lebanon of J H Haymond's family--well provided with many things. Direct care of Mr. Bennett.","Lexington, Sunday \nDec. 4th, 1864 ","My Dear Wife \nI have been busy all day but I know you will be disappointed if you do not get a line from me tomorrow. It was impossible for me to leave here today but I will try and be at home next Sunday. Gen. Smith says that the Cadets will have a short furlough but I think it doubtful. I am hoping that Porter will get permission to come home for a few days, but suppose he will have to bear his own expenses--probably the money would be better spent by him in buying such little things as he needs, but if he comes all right. The \nGen. says they will draw another suit of clothes. ","I had but little to eat when Philander was here and made but a poor show. Tell Leake that Jeff and I made a fine feast on his rabbit. Jeff is very well contented, but wants to eat when I do and becomes very impatient if I do let him eat with me. I shall have a clerk after today and a very good one if he will keep sober--which he has promised to do, but which no one believes he will do. I was hungry I believe and will have eaten up what you sent in a day or two--you can send me enough bread and meat to last until Saturday--send by the stage driver, also write me at the same time. Send me any of the rib pieces as I have a cap I can make [h ]. Excuse this scrawl and believe me truly yours. Brother Porter complains that I do not write to him. \nM H Johnson ","Tell Mr. Newlon \u0026 Crawford if they come this way to come and stay with me.","Lexington, March 7 65 ","My Dear Wife \nThe latest news from Staunton is about as we first heard. Our loss--1200 in prisoners, only 4 killed and wounded. Col. Harmon killed. Mr. Church's story all a fabrication. ","Jackson is expected at Brownsburg tonight--whether he will have any troops with him or not I do not know. If you are all well send Leake to the Gen and ask him to stay all night. ","Jackson's and Imboden's men united with Rosser and pursued the enemy down the valley and may attack the guard and try to rescue the prisoners--but I hardly expect it as the Guard is a large one and Sheridan said to be along the the guard. ","Truly yours, \nMHJ","Richmond  \nJany 12, 1865 ","My Darling Sister \nYour sweet little letter was received this evening. I was truly glad to hear from home and you. I have now been from home over two weeks, and not a line until I received your letter this evening. I did not know but some evil genii had enchanted you all with some magic spell and changed you all into beast or birds, so you cannot imagine how much relieved I was when I read your letter and found you all still retain your original forms. I arrived safely here several days after I left home. Uncle Will  arrived several days ago. I got the things he brought. I am exceedingly obliged  to mother for them, they were very nice indeed.","We are very poorly fixed here for study, twenty in a room, one small table, no chairs or stools, but one gas burner, and attached to the side of the wall instead of the center of the room where it ought to be. There is but one little stove in the room and the meanest coal that you can imagine. We have but two meals a day which is quite often enough of the kind, bread and beef for breakfast and beef and bread for dinner. However I am living and well. I have been but to two meals in the mess hall in the last four days. I intend to leave here as soon as possible. I will have to cut my \nletter short as the gentleman who is going to carry it is in a hurry. ","I was on guard last night and sat up until midnight reading Hiawatha which will probably account for the following lines. 2 I was just thinking what I should write you about my stay in Staunton when these lines occurred to me. I expect they will cause some amusement for you. It is my first attempt at writing poetry and I am not certain that I succeed very well, but it was written on the spur of the moment and under great difficulties. You must excuse all mistakes as I am writing in the dark nearly. To all good night.","From your affectionate  \nBrother Porter ","PS Write soon and give me all of the items of news and what you all think of my leaving here. Uncle [Porter] thinks I had as well leave. \nGoodbye  \nPorter","Richmond \nFeb 5th 1865 ","Dear Mother \nYour kind letter was received and read with pleasure. I was glad to get a letter from you once more, one written by your own dear self. I am very sorry now that I have not written to you ere this but I was thinking like yourself that every mail would bring me a letter from mother, but none came. I am convinced now that I ought not to have waited so long, as I see it was my duty as well as pleasure to write to my dear mother. I am so sorry that by not writing to you that I should have caused one shadow to hover o'er\nyour brow or one pang of sadness to enter your heart. I would not intentionally grieve my mother for anything in reason. I am a naughty boy, but mother dear you must forgive me this time. ","I am so sorry for you all at home that the weather is so cold. I sincerely hope you have plenty of wood. We have not had cold weather here [ ] and I have been very comfortable. Although I did not find but one of my blankets, however the one that was lost did not belong to me and the one to whom it did belong being wealthy very kindly told me it made no difference about it. Although I suffer a great many inconveniences here they are nothing to me compared with what you have to put up with. You must make yourself perfectly easy about me and do not imagine me suffering when I am very comfortable. We have Bible class every Sunday. I recite to Col. Preston, or rather hear him lecture. He makes the time spent with him pass very pleasantly and also imparts much useful and interesting knowledge. I had a permit last Wednesday. Called to see Mrs. Neason, she was very cordial indeed \u0026 invited me to spend all the time that I had to myself with her and to come every permit I got and spend the day which I promised to do. She complimented you very highly on the [way] you managed your affairs in West Virginia. I expect to get a permit on Saturday week when I shall go and see her again. ","I intend to leave here the first of March. I came here by my own consent and with the understanding that I was to leave at the end of a year. I will soon have been two instead of one. I am sorry to say I am not getting along as well with my studies as I would wish.","Richmond  \nFeb 23d 1865","Dear Father \nYour welcome letter was received last night. Uncle Porter had been here in the evening and told that he had received a letter from you stating that you had written me permission to resign. I am very much gratified at your kind concess[ion] in my wishes, and pleased to find that your own ideas correspond with mine on so important a subject. ","I feel it due to myself as well as to you to state to you some of the reasons I have for leaving here and giving up the only opportunity which I shall perhaps ever have of getting an education. In the first place I am past nineteen years old and I think that it is my duty to be in the army. All who stay here after they become eighteen are generally considered shirkers. Then I do not think that the school will continue much longer than the first of April, for is it reasonable to suppose or can it even be expected that in this the death struggle of the Confederacy when every man woman and child should be at his or her post, when every nerve is to \nbe strained to attain the object which we have so long fought for, that two or three hundred well drilled, able bodied men will be allowed to remain idle and inactive? I am sure the answer of any rational man will be No! ","Then acting on the supposition that the corps will be ordered into service soon at all events, I think it advisable to resign while I \ncan, and while I have the power to join any command that I think proper. A right granted all cadets resigning by order of the Sct \nWar. And as for education, I look at it in this light. If we are subjugated the less education and refinement a man has the better for him, for the nearer the man approaches the brute the less feeling he has, and in the above contingency our condition will be little better than that of brutes. To look at the same question from another point, if the war continues, I will have to enter the army sooner or later. If I am killed education will profit me nothing, but suppose we gain our independence and I should be so fortunate as to survive the war, almost every youth in the Confederacy will be in my own lamentable condition without education or polish.","I think I shall hand in my resignation in about a week or so, I wish to finish analytic before leaving. I would like to join cavalry but do not see how I am to keep myself in horses.","Next I thought of mounted horse artillery but for the present I thought of accepting a second Ltc in the 2d Foreign Battalion, a position which I can get I think without much trouble. Uncle Porter advised me to take it at once as he thought it better to leave now if I could get a position than to wait a while and go as a private. There are several of my acquaintances in the same Battalion and one of my most intimate friends left the other day for a 1st Lt in the same. I cannot use the permission you sent me, it is right with the exception that you omitted to state that I resigned to enter the military service of the C.S. Please send me another with this addition. ","Please excuse mistakes as I have written under difficulties and in haste. ","From your affectionate Son, \nPorter.","New's Ferry, March 27th 1865 ","Dear Father \nI received both of your last letters. The one dated the 4th March first and the one dated 1st, a few days ago. I would have written to you before this, but thought I would wait until certain communication could be established. I did not get to see Mr. Newlon before he left or would have written by him. ","I resigned about two weeks ago. I have been in the trenches one week since, with the Corps. It then took me a week or such a matter to make my arrangements to leave the city. I have accepted the place I wrote you about, and am now on my way to join my command, it is at Charlotte, NC. I would like very much to have come home before going into the army, but the way not being open when I had the time at my own disposal I did not attempt it. ","It would have been a needless expense, and one which Uncle Porter advised me not to incur, though if the way had been clear I certainly should have come. My expenses at the V.M.I. were one hundred and fifty ($150) dollars. I will enclose you a statement of my financial account. I left Richmond Thursday and was two days getting to this place. I am at present at Mr Chalmers, the father of one of my classmates and friends. The son invited The son invited to his fathers house. I wanted some place on the line to leave my trunk. This is the place exactly, it is on a direct line from the south to R and quite safe from the enemy there. The family are so kind. Mr C has invited me to make his house my home, as long as I am pleased to stay, but I shall only remain two or three days. ","I am tolerably equipped. Uncle P bought me a small pair of saddle bags for fifty (50) dollars. He also gave me an oilcloth. I am going to take as little baggage with me as possible and will try and take care of it. On parting from Mr Neeson he gave me some good advice just as you would have done and I saw that he felt a deep interest in my welfare. He also offered me money but I declined because I thought Uncle P had given me what he thought proper. You cannot be too grateful to Mr. Neeson and his family for their kindness to me. I wish you would write to him about it. I wish them to know how grateful I feel to them. ","I hope to see you again but have not the most remote idea when. When you write to me again direct to Lt. Porter Johnson 2d Foreign Battalion, Charlotte NC. Write soon to your affectionate son.  \nPorter Johnson","Dearling Mother \nI have not received a single line from you since a few days before the enemy's raid. I have heard once from home through Papa, but it made me sad than otherwise though I was truly glad to know that you were all well. My dear mother, I have now launched my bark on the ocean of life, and though the clouds lower around me and the waves roll high, I hope by the help of God, to [sp---t] \nthe flood. ","I have thought a great deal about home and friends. I would have liked very much to have come home to see all of the dear ones again, but as it would have been a mere gratification and would have accomplished nothing I suppose it is best as it is. I am now staying at a very kind gentlemans in Halifax County.","I have met with some very kind friends indeed since I resigned. Mrs Neeson has been almost a mother to me, just as kind as she could be. She often talks of you and thinks Papa one of the best men in the world. I almost fell in love with her daughter Mary a quiet unassuming and modest girl of fourteen summers. There is a little bright eyed beauty of twelve years, sitting by me while I write, [ ] my [ ]. Give my best love to all. The girls must write me soon. Give my especial love to Leake, tell him to be a good boy and mind his mother. Write to me soon mother! ","Your devoted son, Porter","Prison Hospital \nCamp Chase, Ohio, June 18, 1865 ","Dear Mother \nThe order for release of prisoners has at last arrived. I expect to be released in about a week. It is a bitter pill but has to be swallowed. I do not expect to be home immediately. J.W. McCorkle is sick, he expects to go to his Uncles in Cabell county. I must go with him. He would do the same for me and more. Then I will go by West Va. I shall stop a few days then hasten home as fast as possible. I am in good health. I have not heard from any at Bridgeport for three weeks, they were all well at that time. Eddie \nWithrow is well, he is going directly home. Jake [Tucker] is well. The thoughts of soon again being clasped in a mothers embrace, Oh! isn't it glorious. My best love to all, regards to my friends. ","From your Affectionate Son  \nPorter Johnson esq  \nSoon to be Citizen of the United States of America Good and Loyal","Dear Sister Allie \nYour letter came duly to hand. I am truly happy to see you are such a punctual correspondent. Did you send the book I wrote for by Mr. C. I saw him the other day but he did not say whether he had brought it or not. I saw a splendid life size picture of Gen. Lee put up in the House of Delegates on Wednesday, it was by Bruce a very ordinary looking man. He asks six five thousand ($65,000) dollars for it. You ought to be here to see the crowds of ladies that flock to see us on dress parade and some very pretty ones I can tell you. I have almost fallen in love with one or two myself. Miss Lou H was out to see us today escorted by Maj. Stuart. She invited me to see her she was looking better than I ever saw her."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohnson Family papers, 1858-1865. MS 0342. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Johnson Family papers, 1858-1865. MS 0342. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p15821coll11/id/1545\"\u003ePorter Johnson's memoir of the Battle of New Market\u003c/a\u003e is available online\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Porter Johnson's memoir of the Battle of New Market  is available online"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of 26 letters, bulk 1862-1865, from Mortimer Howell Johnson and his son Porter to members of their immediate family. The Johnson Family, originally from West Virginia, moved to Brownsburg in Rockbridge County, Virginia, although they maintained close ties to their former home. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTopics in Mortimer's letters include civilian life during the war, the animosity between Union and Confederate sympathizers in West Virginia (the letter of April 28, 1863 discusses the Union loyalty of Stonewall Jackson's sister, Laura Jackson Arnold), the Battle of Fredericksburg and its aftermath (December 1862), the Jones-Imboden Raid (West Virginia, April 1863).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePorter's letters include a discussion of VMI cadet life at the Alms House in Richmond, Virginia where the Corps was headquartered during the last months of the Civil War.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Richmond, Virginia. Letter contains family news and comments on work of the state legislature.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Brownsburg, Virginia. Letter regards the inflated prices of grain used to produce whiskey for soldiers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Staunton, Virginia. Letter regards family news and expresses concerns about high cost of food.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards family news and mentions woman who is a Union sympathizer. Letter also mentions that Porter Johnson is eager to join the army.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards the Battle of Fredericksburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards the Battle of Fredericksburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Fredericksburg, Virginia. Letter regards the Battle of Fredericksburg and personal news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Fredericksburg, Virginia. Letter regards family and business news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards family friends who have been wounded, refugee families, and a problem with currency.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Camp near Verden.\" Letter regards family news and mentions situation in West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Lynchburg, Virginia. Letter regards personal news, and inflated prices.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from \"Camp Near Verden.\" Letter regards family and business news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards family and business news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Beverly, West Virginia. Letter regards the Jones-Imboden Raid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten at \"Hillery's, 9 miles west of Beverley,\" West Virginia. Letter regards the Jones-Imboden Raid, West Virginia and the Union sympathies of Laura Ann Arnold (Jackson).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Weston, West Virginia. Letter regards the Jones-Imboden Raid and burning of bridge at Fairmont.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Camp Kemper, near Staunton, Virginia. Letter regards the Battle of Winchester, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Richmond, Virginia. Letter regards general family, business, and Civil War news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards family and business news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards General Sheridan's location in the valley.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from the Alms House in Richmond, Virginia, where VMI was headquartered from December 1864 until Richmond was evacuated in April 1865. Letter regards life at the Alms House.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from the Alms House in Richmond, Virginia, where VMI was headquartered from December 1864 until Richmond was evacuated in April 1865. Letter regards general news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from the Alms House in Richmond, Virginia. Letter regards Porter Johnson's decision to join the Army.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten at \"New's Ferry.\" Letter regards Porter Johnson joining the Army.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten at \"New's Ferry.\" Letter regards general news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Prison Hospital, Camp Chase, Ohio. Letter regards an order for release of prisoners.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regards dress parades.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of 26 letters, bulk 1862-1865, from Mortimer Howell Johnson and his son Porter to members of their immediate family. The Johnson Family, originally from West Virginia, moved to Brownsburg in Rockbridge County, Virginia, although they maintained close ties to their former home. ","Topics in Mortimer's letters include civilian life during the war, the animosity between Union and Confederate sympathizers in West Virginia (the letter of April 28, 1863 discusses the Union loyalty of Stonewall Jackson's sister, Laura Jackson Arnold), the Battle of Fredericksburg and its aftermath (December 1862), the Jones-Imboden Raid (West Virginia, April 1863).","Porter's letters include a discussion of VMI cadet life at the Alms House in Richmond, Virginia where the Corps was headquartered during the last months of the Civil War.","Written from Richmond, Virginia. Letter contains family news and comments on work of the state legislature.","Written from Brownsburg, Virginia. Letter regards the inflated prices of grain used to produce whiskey for soldiers.","Written from Staunton, Virginia. Letter regards family news and expresses concerns about high cost of food.","Letter regards family news and mentions woman who is a Union sympathizer. Letter also mentions that Porter Johnson is eager to join the army.","Letter regards the Battle of Fredericksburg, Virginia.","Letter regards the Battle of Fredericksburg, Virginia.","Written from Fredericksburg, Virginia. Letter regards the Battle of Fredericksburg and personal news.","Written from Fredericksburg, Virginia. Letter regards family and business news.","Letter regards family friends who have been wounded, refugee families, and a problem with currency.","Written from \"Camp near Verden.\" Letter regards family news and mentions situation in West Virginia.","Written from Lynchburg, Virginia. Letter regards personal news, and inflated prices.","Written from \"Camp Near Verden.\" Letter regards family and business news.","Letter regards family and business news.","Written from Beverly, West Virginia. Letter regards the Jones-Imboden Raid.","Written at \"Hillery's, 9 miles west of Beverley,\" West Virginia. Letter regards the Jones-Imboden Raid, West Virginia and the Union sympathies of Laura Ann Arnold (Jackson).","Written from Weston, West Virginia. Letter regards the Jones-Imboden Raid and burning of bridge at Fairmont.","Written from Camp Kemper, near Staunton, Virginia. Letter regards the Battle of Winchester, Virginia.","Written from Richmond, Virginia. Letter regards general family, business, and Civil War news.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards family and business news.","Written from Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards General Sheridan's location in the valley.","Written from the Alms House in Richmond, Virginia, where VMI was headquartered from December 1864 until Richmond was evacuated in April 1865. Letter regards life at the Alms House.","Written from the Alms House in Richmond, Virginia, where VMI was headquartered from December 1864 until Richmond was evacuated in April 1865. Letter regards general news.","Written from the Alms House in Richmond, Virginia. Letter regards Porter Johnson's decision to join the Army.","Written at \"New's Ferry.\" Letter regards Porter Johnson joining the Army.","Written at \"New's Ferry.\" Letter regards general news.","Written from Prison Hospital, Camp Chase, Ohio. Letter regards an order for release of prisoners.","Letter regards dress parades."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may \nnot be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_5593780f55ffb147ac91bc6b6cf6a7b0\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","Johnson Family","Johnson, Porter, 1845-1917","Johnson, Mortimer H. (Mortimer Howell), 1815-1889","Arnold, Laura Ann Jackson, 1826-1911","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","Letcher, John, 1813-1884","Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865 (General subdivision: Assassination.)","Sheridan, Philip Henry, 1831-1888"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"names_coll_ssim":["Johnson Family","Arnold, Laura Ann Jackson, 1826-1911"],"famname_ssim":["Johnson Family"],"persname_ssim":["Johnson, Porter, 1845-1917","Johnson, Mortimer H. (Mortimer Howell), 1815-1889","Arnold, Laura Ann Jackson, 1826-1911","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","Jackson, Stonewall, 1824-1863","Letcher, John, 1813-1884","Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865 (General subdivision: Assassination.)","Sheridan, Philip Henry, 1831-1888"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":29,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:10:42.873Z","odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRichmond, Feby 10 58\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Leake\u003cbr\u003e \nI received your letter this morning and was glad to hear that you are well and that you have made up your mind to be a good boy and learn to read and write, so that when I am away from home you can write to me for yourself. It would afford me great pleasure to see you and to have you here with me. It would please you very much to see the big brass horse on the Washington \nmonument. But Leake, if you will be a good boy and learn your book and acquire a great deal of information and knowledge, you can come down here yourself some day and see Richmond and all the sights that are worth seeing here. The legislature is working very slow and not doingmuch good for the country. The House is not in session yet this morning. At 8 o'clock I left my boarding house came by the Post Office and barber shop at half past 9 in the house and engaged in writing this letter to you. The house meets at 11 o'clock and adjourns about 3 o'clock, so that we get dinner at half past 3. Sometimes the house does not adjourn until later. You set down in the house with a comfortable cushioned chair to sit upon, a desk before you to write upon and it frequently happens that while a member thinks he is making a very fine speech, one half the members are engaged in writing letters or reading newspapers. I suppose you have heard of the fight that happened in Congress last Saturday. It was disgraceful to the Nation andthe men that were engaged in it are heartily ashamed of it. You are the first that mentioned Katy in your letters. I had almost forgotten her. How is Sam Burdett and the rest of the boys or have you been so close at home that you have not seen them. I want you above all things Leake to be kind to others. How would you like to deny yourself at table and refuse to eat, until you see all the rest comfortably seated. This would be true politeness, \nand you would soon learn to be happy in seeing others happy. This would soon afford you a great pleasure, and you would then learn to \"do unto others as you would have others do unto you.\" Hoping to hear form you soon. I remain \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTruly yours\u003cbr\u003e \nM. H. Johnson\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBrownsburg, Rockbridge Virginia\u003cbr\u003eFebruary 2, 1862\u003cbr\u003eC.W. Newlon, Esq\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Sir\u003cbr\u003eExpecting you home in a few days. I have concluded to write to you again upon the subject of impressments and praying that something may be done, and that promptly to arrest the distillation of grain. Corn is now $1.12 and it would not surprise me if it reached $2.00 per bushel before the 1st of April. Ten barrels of whiskey were sold in this county a few days since at the almost fabulous price of three dollars per gal. If these prices are demanded and obtained for new liquor fresh from the still what is to \nprevent corn from being advanced before October to $5.00 per bu. Self preservation is the 1st law of nature and why should not that law apply to nations as well as to individuals. What will be our condition should the enemy push their raids so far into the interior as to destroy our railroad connections. If we expect to maintain our position, our stores of subsistence should be preserved. The North expected to starve us out when the war commenced. All that recognize a superintending providence had \ncause to thank the giver of daily bread last year for our unusually heavy crop of all kinds of grain. It was every where considered as an evidence that the Lord was on our side. Grant that it was so will he continue to be if we abuse his choicest favors-- if we convert ourselves into a nation of extortioners and have for our soldiers an army of drunkards. Grant as some contend that liquor is necessary for the soldiers should not a limit be placed upon the price of it . Liquor for which 3 dollars per gal is paid after running the blockade of the camp is frequently sold to the soldier at the high price of from one to five dollars per pint. If it is \nnecessary for the soldier it should be added to his rations and handed out under proper rules and regulations and every other person detected in smuggling liquor into the camp should be summarily and severely punished. Upon the summits of the Alleghaneys Gen. Johnson does not think it necessary to the health of the soldier and has with great diligence prevented its introduction to his camp. From what I can learn he has emptied of their contents more than fifty barrels in the last few weeks. This is seizing the bull by the horns . He is not tainted with that miserable fastidious delicacy of sentiment that is fearful of hurting somebody's feelings. He is entrusted with the defense of one of the important passes into the valley of Virginia and with a moral heroism equal to his fierce courage in the hours of conflict with the enemy he does not stop to inquire whether\nany body is hurt. How are the people of the valley who remain at home acting towards the heroic defenders of the Alleghany but for whose \nindomitable courage in repulsing an overwhelming body of the enemy the valley would now be overrun by marauding hordes of black Republican soldiers. While these brave men are enduring the rigors of a climate at an elevation where snow, rain or hail is an every day occurrence these that remain at home are engaged in all kinds of speculation. Every lb of butter though produced in unusually huge quantities is retailed to the soldiers at fifty cents per lb \u0026amp; c.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStaunton, Sept. 20th, 1862\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Wife\u003cbr\u003eIt is possible that some ladies will leave here in a few days for Upshur County. I avail myself of the opportunity to inform you so far we are all well though there is and has been a great deal of sickness all over of this country. The girls are now boarding at a very good house in Brownsburg. The family not wanting help [Alcinda] is at Mr. Newlons. Porter and I left Brownsburg the last of September for the Mountains. We were one day too late to go with [Jenkins] or we might have attempted to get home. Porter has gone down the Valley towards Winchester and I shall start down today and fall in with him. We shall go as far as Maryland thence to Faquier and probably Rappahannock. I saw Gen Johnson a few days since, he was in good health and spirits. I have not heard from Philander for some time but \nsuppose that he is well. W. P. Kemble is still at Clarksville, Mecklenburg Co., Va. W. E. Kimble is at Richmond and well. He sent me 250 dollars. [Benton] sent me 250 dollars some time since. I received a letter from [Benton]- also one from Porter a few days since. They have both gone to Missouri to assist in organizing the troops in that State. Events are transpiring so rapidly at the present time that I should suppose both would tire of death and carnage. If the tide of war does not bring us home this fall I scarcely know what course to ask you to pursue. If you could bring sufficient with you to go to house keeping and meat to eat and other small articles there would be no difficulty in procuring a house in any part of the country, but it is almost impossible to procure any thing at this time in this country. Bacon is fifty cents sugar 80, coffee 2.00. -- calico 1.50 \nper yd., \u0026amp; c. But you have doubtly seen the prices of articles south in the Northern papers. I have not received a line from you since May. I saw young Cochran a few days since, he said he had seen you somewhere before he left, but did not speak to you. It was a satisfaction to know that you were well. I do not now know whether you have received any of my letters written with regard to the suits brought against me, therefore I repeat here what I have said in all my letters -- to pay no attention to their suits and do not \ntrouble yourself as to what disposition is made of the property- simply preserve all my books and papers. If you can get any thing from [T___] or Potts, do so, receipting to them for what you get. The girls are well pleased at the house they are now boarding at. The refugee families are all well. I do not know who of our soldiers have been killed in the fights at Manassas, Harpers Ferry, and in Maryland, but think the Taylor boys have escaped. Give my love to Leake and tell him for me to keep at his books.\u003cbr\u003e \nBelieve me truly yours\u003cbr\u003e \nM H Johnson\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePorter has been anxious to go into the army this winter and I have half promised him that could he get to see you again he might go. He feels mortified at his present position and he is ambitious to take some part in the war. His idea is that a man has but one time to die and that a few years more or less will not make any difference. He says that he is able to carry a musket and that if he\ndoes not raise his arm in defence of his country under existing circumstances he shall never feel like asking a Southern woman to marry him and that a northern woman he would not have under any circumstances. George Armstrong was at Brownsburg when I left. He had come down on a visit. He is able to walk with the use of one crutch. He\nis conditionally true to his engagement . If what he shall have heard about be true of her joining in the reception at Grafton of the Yankee invaders he will suffer his other leg to be crippled and both arms torn from his body before he would have her or any other woman that by act of courtesy received a yankee favorably. George is a brave man, he is true to his country, and true to his love\nprovided she has been true to herself. I approve his course. I detest with intense hatred the time serving policy pursued in our country and I told Mr. [Ceplin] very frankly that it was with reluctance that I gave my hand to a man who was in the habit of shaking hands with the Yankees or what is worse the Union men of NW Virginia and I do not think I am an exception. Tho I have mentioned to you the sickness here, do not give yourself any uneasiness about it. Mr. Newlon promised that if Alcinda or her child gets sick, that he will take care of them. As we have been favored so far I still trust to Providence to preserve\nus in future. The girls are at a good house and should they get sick are in good hands- - Fanny is very careful they have all been using preventives so be of good cheer and do not get out of heart. Philander is well though I have not seen him for about a year. Porter and I went to Winchester, stayed in the Army ten days, but Philander was absent. We passed him as we went down the Valley and did not know. The fences are burned, this makes the road wide. To be relieved of the dust we were frequently 50 yards\nfrom the road. Philander has charge of about 100 wagons and was going to Rockingham for corn, thus we missed him. I suppose he gets about 100 dollars per month. I do not think he is drinking in fact he has not been. Porter I suppose will go the Army to see him. Say to Mr. Gawthrop that his son is well. He has been detailed as a butcher at $50 per month. William Sharps is his assistant. Saml\nTucker was seriously wounded at the battle of Manassas, but it is thought will recover. Uriah has recovered from his wound and is again in the Army. Jac is not yet able to go in the Army but is at the hospital taking care of Saml. H. Mahany and John are well, also the two Robinsons and James Boyd. I received a letter from Brother Porter and one from Thomas written the 27th of August, I have not heard since. They were well at that time. I do not think they were in the battle of Corinth as they had been sent on other service at that time. Porter expressed a desire that his family should be on this side of the line - his principle fear was that Tell might be made to swear he does not wish him to take an oath on any account. If there is no danger of Tell being sworn probably they had better stay where they are. W.P. Goff must be informed that he will be held personally responsible should he on any account permit or not prevent the administering of any of them oaths to Tell. Porter also swears by all that is sacred that he will hold some men in Clarksburg responsible for any indignity that may be offered to Father in any way, shape or form. Tell Emily that I try to keep Porter apprized that she is well \u0026amp; c. I have just seen a young man from Clarksburg and I shall write to\nPorter in the morning. I again repeat my advice to Father to quit business, have no cattle or other goods, convert everything into gold at even 40 percent and bury it, and put no tombstone to its grave. Give my love to Leake, tell him to be a good boy to attend to his book and say his lessons to you. I do not want him sent to school. I would not have him taught by anyone I know save yourself. I do not want him to associate with the children of the Union people in your section of the State. Tell Leake that Porter and I have slept out of doors a good many nights. We do this sooner than ask people to keep us all night, it is nothing to be refused a lodging for the night for love or money-- still there are some clever people. I have but one motto that is to \"run with patience the race set before,\" this I intend to do. So be of good cheer and do not despair.\u003cbr\u003e\nTruly yours,\u003cbr\u003e\nM. H. Johnson\u003cbr\u003e\nSince writing Mr. C. has been looking over his letters and [shares] the enclosed note from Miss Armstrong. W.P. Kimble is well, he is at Clarksville, Mecklenburg County Virginia. I loaned to Henry C Middleton fifty dollars when I was at the oil wells. Write him a note to send you the money, say to him that you are in need of it. To your friends buying in and hold for redemption such articles\nas you need I have no objection, but things that you do not need and than can be replaced let them go---\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMonday Evening\u003cbr\u003e\nMy Dear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nI write you this note to let you know that I arrived here safely last evening. I do not look for Porter and Bradford for several days. The roads are very much cut up and I expect they will have a hard time. I started Dick to meet them, but he may miss them entirely. Our loss in the fighting that has taken place is 1742 in killed and wounded. Our dead have been buried. The Yankee dead remain\nunburied. The field of battle is still in dispute. The Yankees have not asked the privilege of burying their dead and we cannot [venture] to do it. Ours were carried off during the fight. We occupied the best position and think the enemy loss 5 to our one. I have just been to take a look at the Yankee Army. They are drawn up in line of battle, but as it is now 4 o'clock we do not think\nthere will be a fight today. The principal fight was on Friday--though in sight we feel secure. My back is better though I am yet suffering. I was offered 200 dollars for the wagon and 2 sets harness, but could get no transportation at Staunton for our load. I am writing on a moments notice so excuse this hasty note. We are 10 miles from the office----\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThursday morning\u003cbr\u003e\nMy Dear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nPorter and Bradford have not arrived yet--but unless I write today you will not hear from me until next week. This may reach you on Saturday and even [now] I must write very hastily. The loss of the abolitionists in the last battle near Fredericksburg was greater than we at first supposed. They are again on the other side of the River. I spent yesterday afternoon in going over a portion of the battle field near or adjoining the City. On the portion of the field I visited there were at least 500 dead. Under a flag of truce they were burying their dead but doing it in a very careless manner. Unless they worked last night they cannot get through before sometime today. After going through Fredericksburg and seeing the results of their vandalism I felt no sympathy for their justly merited fate. Scattered books, broken [----], furniture of all kinds and every description carried into the streets and broken to pieces. Our own loss is narrowed down to less than 400 killed and less than a thousand wounded, while the loss of the enemy cannot be less than 2000 killed and from 10 to 20 thousand wounded and missing. All who have visited the ground concur in the opinion that the dead\nare thicker upon the ground than any [field] they have seen. One could have walked for 400 yds upon the dead. This was close up to the houses reaching back 400 yds to a stone wall. Burnsides is considered a fool for making the attack, as from his camp he could see our position and defenses. Our army could have withstood an attack by 400 thousand men. Our victory was complete. I have not yet seen any Yankee account of the battle. There was some conversation on yesterday between our men and the men\ndetailed to bury the dead. They all agreed that their defeat was a terrible one. A physician told Judge G. that he thought this [------] would certainly satisfy the North. We lost [260] as prisoners who were exchanged on yesterday. We have besides about 1000 prisoners who will be paroled but you will get the news from the papers before this reaches you. All is quiet this morning. Write to me and let me know how you are getting along. Write at least twice a week as in that way probably one of the letters might reach me. Give my love to the children and believe me truly yours,\u003cbr\u003e\nMHJ\u003cbr\u003e\nPS. The 25th and 31st were not engaged. I have not seen Philander he is 12 miles distant.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Fredericksburg\u003cbr\u003e \nDec. 25th 1862\u003cbr\u003e\nMy Dear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nI should like this morning to be with you very much but as that cannot be the best I can do is to write you and let you know how\nglad I would be were it so. Days and weeks seem to me much longer now than they were before your arrival, before I could not be with you if I would; now I might were it not that I would have to give up a situation in order to gratify my wishes and my feelings. I have not heard from you since I left, but hope that you are all well and getting along well. The weather here has been much colder than the spell was at Brownsburg while I was there. From all we can gather from the Northern papers their defeat was much greater than we supposed immediately after the battle. One of their correspondents estimates 3000 wounded in one of their divisions and that the wounded are in our hands. This is not so. Their number of dead is greater than their estimate. Many of the southern Regts take no prisoners especially the Louisianians - who are determined to have revenge for the outrages of Butler and his troops -. One can form but a faint idea of the horrors of a battle field without an actual inspection upon the ground. I can assure you I should feel rejoice if the war could close without such another scene as we have witnessed here - but if our foes will not cease the War which it is in their power to do then I hope that every conflict will result as favorable to us as this great fight at Fredericksburg. Porter went to see Philander and took to him the little things you had sent to him. He needs two flannel shirts also his hat. Hopes to be able to go and see you before a great while. Jackson's Army is about 20 miles from our camp. Porter carried Mr. Rapps package and boots to him, but learned that he had been wounded and taken to Lynchburg - this I suppose is no news at Brownsburg by this time. Ask what shall be done with what was sent to him. When I wrote you last my information was that the \n31st and 25th were not engaged but this was not correct. I do not know how many were wounded or killed in either but do not think the loss was great. We have a very fine band in the same field we are in. Last night among others they played \"Old Dog Tray.\" It made me think of Carlo and your description of his faithfulness. There seems to be no gloom or dreariness of thought among our soldiers so far as\nmy observation extends. All seem cheerful and gay. The dead are buried - the wounded and sick sent off - so that the well alone \nare left. Victory inspires confidence and certainly a great victory has attended our armies and what is more the North feels and\n[ ---- ] it. When Mr. Newlon goes to Richmond let him renew our subscription to the Examiner for six months or if you prefer some other paper. Let him subscribe to the paper you prefer. Porter did not arrive here until the dead were buried so that he missed a sight. I have very much desired he should see under the hope it would lessen his desire to join the army before he is 18. Our lead was too much for the bad team we had. I left 2 barrels of apples and 65 lbs butter at Staunton. Porter afterwards left 2 barrels at Waynesboro -- arriving here with 3 2/3 bls of apples and part of his butter. The expenses of the trip were over 40 dollars - unless those left behind come on it will prove a losing business.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Fredericksburg\u003cbr\u003e \nDecember 29, 1862\u003cbr\u003e\nMy Dear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nI am still without a letter from you, nor have I heard from Brownsburg since I left. We move in the morning to some point 25 miles nearer to Richmond so you need not answer this note until you hear from me again. Only portions of the army fall back at this \ntime, but it is supposed that Gen. Lee with the main army will follow in a short time; the object being to eat up everything as we fall \nback so that the enemy will find it difficult to sustain or rather to support their army should they elect to advance. I sold the wagon, harness and the two old horses for 625 dollars including the horse I had when you arrived. I thought it better to keep the two young mares for the present. Porter was offered 300 dollars for the bay mare today but thinks she will bring more money. I have heard nothing of the butter and apples left at Staunton and Waynesboro and probably never will. If so I shall lose by my investment as I sold what arrived here for cost and expenses. You had better have your apples opened and see that they are not rotting. These that arrived here had rotted considerably. Richard started to Staunton on Saturday morning and will not return for some two weeks. I have suffered considerably for the last few days with my back and have had to use half of a bottle of liniment tonight being the first I have used since the morning I left. Porter is in good health and if he keeps well and we settle down for the winter I think I can learn him so that he can do my writing and give me an opportunity to stay with you for a short time in the month of Feby. I should like to be with you sooner but do not see how I can get away sooner with the amount of writing on hand. I have taken up for the benefit of the 31st Regt a small collection among the men in our train. You will ask Mr. Withrow to hand to \nthe Ladies Society of Brownsburg thirty dollars with the request that they purchase yarn and convert it into socks for the men in that Regt. I shall try to send them a farther sum sometime next month. If you need money call on Mr. Withrow for what you may need until I have an opportunity to send you some which will be before long. It is now near 11 oclock. I was writing all day, have been packing up tonight so that we can make an early start in the morning having gotten every thing ready. Though tired I felt like writing to you if for nothing else to say how glad I would be to be with you. Give my love to all the children and accept for yourself my last thought for the night and my last letter for 1862.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e...Philander was well last week. I have not seen him since the fight at P Republic. He has been to Richmond and is now with Jackson's Army (where Jackson is no one even knows except the Yankees). W.E. Kemble is at Richmond Asst Surgeon at some of the hospitals--W P Kemble is well though I have not seen him for 9 months, we have not met. Young Gawthrop, Jones, Armstrong and the men generally from our section are well--The 3 Tuckers have all been wounded but are getting well. You will see that [Jack] Tucker's wife does not suffer--a braver man does not exist. Hansbrough I heard was in Richmond a few days since, I have not seen him since last November. Mr. Armstrong and family are at Buckingham Courthouse. George is recovering from his wound slowly. I saw a letter from him a few days since to Doct Newlon in which he stated that the ladies \"God bless em\"had been very kind to him and he was not certain but that there was a warm corner in his heart for one of them \"having been disappointed in his first love he did not know whether he should ever love again.\" Doct Newlon said the interpretation was that Vic had joined in the procession at Grafton to welcome the yankee troops. We heard at the time that there was a procession at Grafton and there may be some foundation for the story. If she was one of that number I do blame George, but on the contrary approve his view. In most the Southern cities the true Southern women refuse to recognize in any way the whole tribe of invaders. I admire their course. I wrote to you last winter to tell J W B to keep quiet. I have never heard whether you received my letter or any other of the many letters I have written this spring. If they have fallen into Yankee hands, they have found out that I feel but little respect for them and less for the time serving people in your section of the State (W. Va). Fanny has also written to you, but whether the letters ever reached you or not, I do not know. The Refugee families have all escaped sickness so far--this is wonderful considering the amount of sickness we have seen of all kinds. Porter is a very good boy and says he thinks he will return to you as good as he left. I have promised him that he may go to the Army whenever he has seen you--it galls him very much that I will not let him go. The boys are more anxious to go than the men. Charles Newlon Jr. has joined a Cavalry Co. and is now at Union Monroe. Mrs. N was opposed to it, but Newlon desired him to go. Newlon's family are still at Brownsburg all well. D. Goff, Claud[--] and their families 5 miles west of Staunton, the longer they stay away the firmer South they become. The Crawfords from Beverly are all well and near Brownsburg. B. Bassel and my self are now writing these letters at the same table while Geo. Johnson is reading the news. You will send word to Mahoney's family that he is well and making money and that he expects Smith to pay them the amt furnished by him to Wash--which was considerable--and if they should need it,--more. Mahoney I suppose has made over 7000 seven thousand dollars--he is trading in every way. Edward Payne was at Staunton a few days since. He brought up a Sincel or Sinclair captured at Moorefield. I did not see Payne and my informant could not remember the name, said he was a wagoner. The Yankees were paroled, but not so with the Virginians. Gov. Letcher has something to say to Virginians captured in the service of Lincoln. If you get any money either get gold or valley money do not trust to N W. Virginia money and for this reason--If in the tide of War our armies should ever win the N West your money will not be good, as the men having charge of the banks will leave and carry with them the specie. Father thinks he knows too much to be advised. I am surprised at his doing business or attempting to do it. But if in the tide of War our army should get your way our friends should lay out all their Northern money for bacon and other articles needed in the south. I give a hint if they do not profit by it--I cannot keep it--I am not doing anything to make money. I have refused to join in the mania for speculation that has 1/2 ruined the Patriotism of the south. All speculation here causes the poor to suffer. If we had not stopped making whiskey corn would have been from five to ten dollars per bushel. Whiskey sells at 5 dollars per gal by the barrel and often as five dollars per pint by retail...\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp near Verden\u003cbr\u003e\nJanuary 25, 1863\u003cbr\u003e\nMy Dear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nYours of the 15th was received one week since for your expressions of kindness receive my sincere thanks. Your uneasiness about my health and amount of labor is too great. The amt of labor is not so very great except at particular times. If I did not suffer with my back, it would not be much. I was in Richmond this week saw your brother William, he was ordered to N Carolina the day I arrived in Richmond and left next morning. I saw Trayhorn the bogus Sheriff of Barbour who was arrested by Capt Hill of Imboden's command and brought to Richmond. After his arrest a company from [M or W-------] went to Barbour killed 2 citizens  and carried 8 more to Wheeling to be held as hostages for the safety of Trayhorn. I learn from Judge Camden who left Richmond yesterday that John Williamson and Wm. Elliot had arrived in Richmond as Commissioners from Pierpoint to effect the release of Trayhorn. Saml. Elliot had been carried to Wheeling as one of the hostages. I saw the judge but a moment and did not learn the particulars about the killing of the men in Barbour. Mrs Rapps [ ] is here did not receive your letter about it until Goff had left and I was not here when Bradford left. If there was anything else it has been stolen. I found the bundle open one day but not hearing what was in it I could not tell whether anything was missing or not. I hope it was nothing of much value. When at home I lost the key of the trunk was not the stray key at Mr. Withrow's mine--We do not need any blankets have plenty--I shall write you in a few days. Do not count time as I am not certain when I can be at home. Give my love to all the children--write to Porter about improvement of his time--he has books--\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLynchburg, Tuesday\u003cbr\u003e \nMarch 10, 1863\u003cbr\u003e \nMy Dear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nI might have stayed another hour with you on Sunday, but I wanted to give Leake ample time to return and not ride fast as it was very warm on Sunday. I arrived at the landing at least 3 hours before the boat started--arrived here yesterday morning by 9 oclock--shall leave in the morning for Hanover--not certain that I shall have hired a single teamster. There has been a heavy fall of snow today, but it is raining now and everything looks gloomy and I feel so I cannot help it. Here you see nothing and hear nothing but tobacco--save when a soldier steps up to pay his bill or asks what he will have to pay for a days board and is answered 5, 6 or 7 dollars. I feel satisfied from his look, that he wishes all these people in Yankeedom and \ntheir town in ashes. I do not feel hopeful at this time as to the result of the contest. I do not fear that Yankees can whip us, but I do fear that the desire of gain, the thirst for money will yet overwhelm us. One can hardly feel like risking his life for such a set, but our rulers are to blame. If in the first place a tariff of prices had been fixed upon the leading articles--such a state of things would never have existed. Before Porter starts for his [mare] he had better see if he can get anything to feed her on--if he cannot she will be badly off. I bought yesterday near 1/2 pint cabbage seed for $4.00--this you will think a large quantity. I want to raise a full garden, what we do not want we can sell. I also bought a paper of Turnip, salsify, and parsley and lettuce. I think in all probability I shall return home to stay before long and the more I think about it and the more I see how the soldiers are treated the less I approve of Porter's determination to go into the service before his time, but he will have to decide for himself. I am not certain now about starting in the morning as the man that was to meet me here this evening has not done so. You need \nnot write until you hear from me again, that is if you all keep well--\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Near Verden\u003cbr\u003e \nMarch 14, 1863\u003cbr\u003e\nMy Dear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nI returned here on Thursday. I went to Richmond today on business--was there but 4 hours. Just before leaving I met with Porter Johnson who had arrived in Richmond last night. He had been told by some one that I was in Richmond, was on the look out for me. I shook hands with him without recognizing him. I was not thinking about him--did not look particularly before I remarked \"I believe I do not remember you.\"---He had not received any of our letters. I had but little conversation with him and did not learn his business. I shall go down to Richmond on Monday to see him. He may visit Brownsburg before his return to Missouri. I met young Camden at the cars in Lynchburg and sent the garden seeds by him. I shall try and get some more seeds in this neighborhood. I found your letter on my return--read it with much satisfaction though I had seen you since it was written. Norvel Lewis of Clarksburg died in Richmond last Saturday. He had been drinking for some days, was prostrated at once and all that could be done did not revive him. Porter knew him well and I hope his fate will be a warning to him never to drink liquor. His death has produced a great grief among those that knew him. I shall write again by Wednesday's mail. Let me know when you are to move. Probably if Porter concludes to come up I may be up with him. If you have nothing in the house do not fret about it. You cannot have less furniture than we have in camp and we got along very well. So long as we keep our health take the world easy--it is not worth while to fret about what we cannot help. I sold the bay mare this evening for $300, she was being reduced each day, so I though it better to part with her. After you are moved, I will write to Porter when to come after his mare. Give my love to the children and believe me truly yours\u003cbr\u003e \nM H Johnson\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nMarch 15 63\u003cbr\u003e \nMy Dear Wife\u003cbr\u003e \nCapt. Semmes did not leave this morning as he expected. Tell Porter I have examined his mare today. I do not think she has fallen off much. Write to me on the receipt of this and forward to Verden. Let me know when you will move or whether you have moved. There has been no weather for gardening, so I do not expect that Porter has done anything yet. I can get some sweet \npotatoes  from [S ]--had I better do so\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSunday March 29 [1863]\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nYours of the 25th was received last evening. On Tuesday I went to Richmond and returned on Thursday. On Friday morning I went to Fredericksburg and returned on yesterday. I saw Philander--he was well and had received your letter. He had joined a company in the 13th Virginia Regt and thought probably he might go into actual service. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSince I left Fredericksburg our army have used up a large proportion of the timber for firewood--the timber being cut down--the Yankee truly are in full view for miles. The soldiers have been ordered to send nearly all their baggage to Richmond so as to have nothing but what they can carry upon their backs. Some think there will be a movement either forward or backward in a few days. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePorter's business at Richmond is to have adjusted the pay coming to the Missouri troops. He was nearly through with his business when I left Richmond. He had not determined on what route he would return to the west. I regret very much that we moved into that house since they have taken the store room for a hospital--as sickness has generally followed the army. But I suppose among [P ] of Brownsburg it would be heretical to suppose that anyone would be sick without a special decree from above. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI think it probable that I may be that way in 10 or 15 days. There is some business to do in Culpeper and probably in Buckingham. I may go on horseback if so I shall ride mare and go into Brownsburg. I am not positive about it. We had a very rainy day yesterday--it is cold today. It is near the first of April and there is very little plowing done in this neighbourhood, everything is very backward, nothing green except wheat and that very poor. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGive my love to the children and believe me truly yours,\u003cbr\u003e\nM H Johnson\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBeverly\u003cbr\u003e\nSaturday 25 [April] 1863 \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nBeverly was taken yesterday after about two hours cannonading and some but not much skirmishing of infantry. The abolitionists were about 1300 in number. Latham succeeded in burning all his stores. [He] succeeded in getting away in the direction of Philippi with little or no loss of men. Our cavalry pursued, but I fear without any success. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIf Porter has not started tell him to stay where he is. The bad management here has [lessened] my confidence in this command. The bridges are gone over Greenbrier river and the road might not be safe on account of Union men. I hope he has not started or that you did not receive my last letter. I am very tired and pretty well worn out. I have no doubt but Latham will burn the bridge at \nPhilippi. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYours in haste\u003cbr\u003e\nMHJ\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHillery's, 9 miles West of Beverly\u003cbr\u003e \nTuesday April [28, 1863] \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nFortune has favored us though we do not deserve it. We had advanced to within 12 miles of Philippi--the same distance from Buckannon--news came that 8 Brigades had reinforced the enemy--we commenced to retreat on Beverly and had reached this point. This morning we know that the enemy have fled from Buckhannon \u0026amp; Philippi--that Jones has captured New Creek and destroyed the Railroad at Rowlesburg. We start west again this morning either by Buckannon or Philippi.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHad Jackson been in command we would have been in Clarksburg today, The railroad would have been destroyed. When we turned back almost every man was dissatisfied--all wanted to fight the enemy without regard to numbers. Mrs. J. Arnold  --sister of Gen. Jackson--went off with the yankees. Arnold stayed at home says he is a good southern man, that his wife is crazy but Hell he says, could not govern a Jackson.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIf Porter comes he must come with a crowd or with the mail which has a guard. Love to you all.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMay 1st 1863\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI was too late for the mail when I wrote the note on this sheet. We have been here two days. I do not know when we shall leave. I shall not be able to leave this command while it stays here and shall have to share its fortunes. The enemy have retired to Grafton \u0026amp; Clarksburg. Our information is very uncertain. Gen. Jones we are informed is at Evansville. It is very hard to communicate with him and we may have to form a junction with him before we advance against Clarksburg.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Union people have fled by thousands. Dick was near Henson Hoff's--Hoff and his two sons have fled. He had held office under the Lincoln Government. If Porter has not started he had better come with the crowd that guards the mail. I have purchased dress patterns enough for our family for some time to come (calico Gingham) \u0026amp; also for Mr. Withrow's and some others, cloth for \nPorter and entire suit overcoat \u0026amp; c. I have boxed them up- do not know when they will reach you. I have been appointed agent to take charge of all abandoned property. This will be a heavy work--\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWeston\u003cbr\u003e\nMay 5th [1863] \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nI believe I wrote to you from Beverly. I have written to you since but missed the mail. After the affair at Beverly on Friday we left Beverly on Saturday about noon, marched 9 miles and encamped on Sunday. We marched to a point equidistant from Buckhannon and Philippi. Hearing nothing from Jones and learning that Mulligan had reinforced Gen Roberts we fell back to \nwithin 9 miles of Beverly. We again started for Buckhannon before reaching that point the enemy had evacuated the place--burnt a [ ] amt of commissaries stores \u0026amp; c. A large no of the Union men going with them.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe remained at Buckhannon two or three days waiting to hear from Gen. Jones, having lost sight of him at Evansville. Gen. Jones arrived at Buckhannon Saturday morning, having been at [ ], Morgantown, Fairmont, [Skinnston], Bridgeport, Philippi. We immediately marched to Weston arriving here on Sunday morning. Beyond Evansville the Railroad was torn up for a considerable distance. The fine bridge at Fairmont was [blown] down. There was a fight at Fairmont, several killed, 400 prisoners taken. 3 killed \nat Bridgeport \u0026amp; c. Gen Jones command brought in 1200 horses taken from Union and secession men without pay. Father lost about 30 so the men say--he will be paid some day Gen Jones has consented that Dick may take one of the horses taken from Father. I am glad our troops got the horses pay or no pay. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMason [Hisser] \u0026amp; Ed Payne now along--I do not know when the next move will be made. The enemy are massing their strength at Clarksburg and probably outnumber us. It think it likely that Gen. Jones will make another raid around the enemy before Gen. Imboden advances upon Clarksburg. A fight may take place at Clarksburg, some days hence. Our friends are completely \nsubdued, talk in whispers are afraid to speak out.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAt Buckhannon I purchased about two hundred dollars worth of goods, mostly plain dry goods--put them in a box with some purchased by the Qr Master of the 31st Virginia Regt. I believe he has the goods with him, do not know whether he will ever have an opportunity to send them out. I have purchased fifty dollars worth here but do ot know what to do with them--having no transportation. There are plenty fo goods but the difficulty is what to do with them.  Porter arrived here yesterday, he is well. I do not know when either of us will return.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCamp Kemper, Near Staunton\u003cbr\u003e\nSept 23d 1864 \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nI reported here this morning, at Staunton yesterday morning--may start to Richmond any morning on short notice. Found Dick's horse of no value he gave out before I had reached Middlebrook. With much labour I reached a point 3 miles beyond Staunton by 9 o'clock at night--next morning sent the horse to English's. I staid in Staunton 2 days with the hope of hearing some of the \nparticulars of the fight in the Valley, some of the casualties but could learn nothing of the kind.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe account of the battle is about as follows. The enemy in far superior number attacked Early about day light. We held our own until 3 o'clock driving the enemy some two miles--at which time our Cavalry upon the left embracing Vaughan's, Imboden's, McCausland's, and Wickham's brigade gave way. This placed the enemy's cavalry in Winchester in the rear of our infantry and close upon our wagon train. The wagon train would have been destroyed but for the large number of stragglers with the train--the\nYankee Cavalry mistaking them for a strong guard. Our infantry retired fighting saving the train and all the artillery but 3 pieces. I cannot learn the names of any of the killed wounded or captured except Gen. Rodes \u0026amp; Gen. Godwin killed. Gen Lee wounded. I shall go back to Staunton this evening and if I can learn any other names I will enclose them in this letter. Gen. Breckinridge is in Staunton today on his way to take command in S.W. Virginia. Nearly all our dead and wounded fell into the hands of the enemy--our loss being about 3,000. Those who passed over the ground from which we drove the enemy until 3 o'clock think the loss of the enemy greater than ours.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYou have doubtless heard before this of the arrival of Richard Brown's family at Doct McChesney's. 5 families in all came through--the Yankees giving permission to all to come who desired to do so. Tell Leake to tell Mr. Higgenbotham that his detail was granted upon the ground of private necessity until the first of November. The detail has been here since the 15 of August. Tell Leake to gather all the fodder he can, but not to work too hard. If our army should fall back up the Valley have the barrels that are fixed filled with flour so that you can move it from the mill should it become necessary.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYours\u003cbr\u003e \nM H Johnson\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFitz Lee Cavalry were whipped on Thursday in the Page Valley losing 4 pieces of Artillery. Gen Early was at Woodstock last night having lost 12 pieces of artillery at Fisher's Hill or some other point--he is falling back up the Valley. The excitement here is on the increase. Capt. Corder was killed. Col. Patton of the 22 badly wounded and in the hands of the enemy. Accounts on both sides in the Examiner not far from the truth regarding the stand point from which the view is taken. All say our cavalry has acted badly. Let \nthe advocates of plunder remember.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichmond\u003cbr\u003e\nOct 11 64 \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nLeaving Staunton on Sunday evening of the break up I reached this place on Tuesday evening. Have been well since. The reserves are here on guard duty--encamped on the Manchester side of the river. At the great fright here last Friday week a portion of our command was sent to the front. I was not among the number. On Monday morning there was a severe frost here--ice forming upon buckets of water outside the tents. I suppose the early frost has [swept] or ruined our cane patch. I would be better to procure barrels and have as much of the flour ground as you can. Porter had better have his ground and forwarded to Richmond--if he desires it at this point before he leaves. I see the cadets are ordered to Richmond. Tell Porter if he has not started that he will find me at the camp at Manchester.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEvery thing is again very quiet about here for the last few days not a distant cannon has been heard for several days. Henry Mahoney was among the returned prisoners. A gentleman desires Ella Wade to be informed that her husband at Fort McHenry was well last week. If Porter has not started he should bring with him his white overcoat and blanket as the nights are very cold here--at least have been. I have not heard from home since I left. You have doubtless heard of the arrival at Lebanon of J H Haymond's family--well provided with many things. Direct care of Mr. Bennett.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLexington, Sunday\u003cbr\u003e\nDec. 4th, 1864 \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nI have been busy all day but I know you will be disappointed if you do not get a line from me tomorrow. It was impossible for me to leave here today but I will try and be at home next Sunday. Gen. Smith says that the Cadets will have a short furlough but I think it doubtful. I am hoping that Porter will get permission to come home for a few days, but suppose he will have to bear his own expenses--probably the money would be better spent by him in buying such little things as he needs, but if he comes all right. The \nGen. says they will draw another suit of clothes. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI had but little to eat when Philander was here and made but a poor show. Tell Leake that Jeff and I made a fine feast on his rabbit. Jeff is very well contented, but wants to eat when I do and becomes very impatient if I do let him eat with me. I shall have a clerk after today and a very good one if he will keep sober--which he has promised to do, but which no one believes he will do. I was hungry I believe and will have eaten up what you sent in a day or two--you can send me enough bread and meat to last until Saturday--send by the stage driver, also write me at the same time. Send me any of the rib pieces as I have a cap I can make [h ]. Excuse this scrawl and believe me truly yours. Brother Porter complains that I do not write to him.\u003cbr\u003e\nM H Johnson \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTell Mr. Newlon \u0026amp; Crawford if they come this way to come and stay with me.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLexington, March 7 65 \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Dear Wife\u003cbr\u003e\nThe latest news from Staunton is about as we first heard. Our loss--1200 in prisoners, only 4 killed and wounded. Col. Harmon killed. Mr. Church's story all a fabrication. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJackson is expected at Brownsburg tonight--whether he will have any troops with him or not I do not know. If you are all well send Leake to the Gen and ask him to stay all night. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJackson's and Imboden's men united with Rosser and pursued the enemy down the valley and may attack the guard and try to rescue the prisoners--but I hardly expect it as the Guard is a large one and Sheridan said to be along the the guard. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTruly yours,\u003cbr\u003e\nMHJ\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichmond\u003cbr\u003e \nJany 12, 1865 \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMy Darling Sister\u003cbr\u003e\nYour sweet little letter was received this evening. I was truly glad to hear from home and you. I have now been from home over two weeks, and not a line until I received your letter this evening. I did not know but some evil genii had enchanted you all with some magic spell and changed you all into beast or birds, so you cannot imagine how much relieved I was when I read your letter and found you all still retain your original forms. I arrived safely here several days after I left home. Uncle Will  arrived several days ago. I got the things he brought. I am exceedingly obliged  to mother for them, they were very nice indeed.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWe are very poorly fixed here for study, twenty in a room, one small table, no chairs or stools, but one gas burner, and attached to the side of the wall instead of the center of the room where it ought to be. There is but one little stove in the room and the meanest coal that you can imagine. We have but two meals a day which is quite often enough of the kind, bread and beef for breakfast and beef and bread for dinner. However I am living and well. I have been but to two meals in the mess hall in the last four days. I intend to leave here as soon as possible. I will have to cut my \nletter short as the gentleman who is going to carry it is in a hurry. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI was on guard last night and sat up until midnight reading Hiawatha which will probably account for the following lines. 2 I was just thinking what I should write you about my stay in Staunton when these lines occurred to me. I expect they will cause some amusement for you. It is my first attempt at writing poetry and I am not certain that I succeed very well, but it was written on the spur of the moment and under great difficulties. You must excuse all mistakes as I am writing in the dark nearly. To all good night.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrom your affectionate\u003cbr\u003e \nBrother Porter \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePS Write soon and give me all of the items of news and what you all think of my leaving here. Uncle [Porter] thinks I had as well leave.\u003cbr\u003e\nGoodbye\u003cbr\u003e \nPorter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichmond\u003cbr\u003e\nFeb 5th 1865 \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Mother\u003cbr\u003e\nYour kind letter was received and read with pleasure. I was glad to get a letter from you once more, one written by your own dear self. I am very sorry now that I have not written to you ere this but I was thinking like yourself that every mail would bring me a letter from mother, but none came. I am convinced now that I ought not to have waited so long, as I see it was my duty as well as pleasure to write to my dear mother. I am so sorry that by not writing to you that I should have caused one shadow to hover o'er\nyour brow or one pang of sadness to enter your heart. I would not intentionally grieve my mother for anything in reason. I am a naughty boy, but mother dear you must forgive me this time. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI am so sorry for you all at home that the weather is so cold. I sincerely hope you have plenty of wood. We have not had cold weather here [ ] and I have been very comfortable. Although I did not find but one of my blankets, however the one that was lost did not belong to me and the one to whom it did belong being wealthy very kindly told me it made no difference about it. Although I suffer a great many inconveniences here they are nothing to me compared with what you have to put up with. You must make yourself perfectly easy about me and do not imagine me suffering when I am very comfortable. We have Bible class every Sunday. I recite to Col. Preston, or rather hear him lecture. He makes the time spent with him pass very pleasantly and also imparts much useful and interesting knowledge. I had a permit last Wednesday. Called to see Mrs. Neason, she was very cordial indeed \u0026amp; invited me to spend all the time that I had to myself with her and to come every permit I got and spend the day which I promised to do. She complimented you very highly on the [way] you managed your affairs in West Virginia. I expect to get a permit on Saturday week when I shall go and see her again. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI intend to leave here the first of March. I came here by my own consent and with the understanding that I was to leave at the end of a year. I will soon have been two instead of one. I am sorry to say I am not getting along as well with my studies as I would wish.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRichmond\u003cbr\u003e \nFeb 23d 1865\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Father\u003cbr\u003e\nYour welcome letter was received last night. Uncle Porter had been here in the evening and told that he had received a letter from you stating that you had written me permission to resign. I am very much gratified at your kind concess[ion] in my wishes, and pleased to find that your own ideas correspond with mine on so important a subject. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI feel it due to myself as well as to you to state to you some of the reasons I have for leaving here and giving up the only opportunity which I shall perhaps ever have of getting an education. In the first place I am past nineteen years old and I think that it is my duty to be in the army. All who stay here after they become eighteen are generally considered shirkers. Then I do not think that the school will continue much longer than the first of April, for is it reasonable to suppose or can it even be expected that in this the death struggle of the Confederacy when every man woman and child should be at his or her post, when every nerve is to \nbe strained to attain the object which we have so long fought for, that two or three hundred well drilled, able bodied men will be allowed to remain idle and inactive? I am sure the answer of any rational man will be No! \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThen acting on the supposition that the corps will be ordered into service soon at all events, I think it advisable to resign while I \ncan, and while I have the power to join any command that I think proper. A right granted all cadets resigning by order of the Sct \nWar. And as for education, I look at it in this light. If we are subjugated the less education and refinement a man has the better for him, for the nearer the man approaches the brute the less feeling he has, and in the above contingency our condition will be little better than that of brutes. To look at the same question from another point, if the war continues, I will have to enter the army sooner or later. If I am killed education will profit me nothing, but suppose we gain our independence and I should be so fortunate as to survive the war, almost every youth in the Confederacy will be in my own lamentable condition without education or polish.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI think I shall hand in my resignation in about a week or so, I wish to finish analytic before leaving. I would like to join cavalry but do not see how I am to keep myself in horses.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNext I thought of mounted horse artillery but for the present I thought of accepting a second Ltc in the 2d Foreign Battalion, a position which I can get I think without much trouble. Uncle Porter advised me to take it at once as he thought it better to leave now if I could get a position than to wait a while and go as a private. There are several of my acquaintances in the same Battalion and one of my most intimate friends left the other day for a 1st Lt in the same. I cannot use the permission you sent me, it is right with the exception that you omitted to state that I resigned to enter the military service of the C.S. Please send me another with this addition. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePlease excuse mistakes as I have written under difficulties and in haste. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrom your affectionate Son,\u003cbr\u003e\nPorter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNew's Ferry, March 27th 1865 \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Father\u003cbr\u003e\nI received both of your last letters. The one dated the 4th March first and the one dated 1st, a few days ago. I would have written to you before this, but thought I would wait until certain communication could be established. I did not get to see Mr. Newlon before he left or would have written by him. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI resigned about two weeks ago. I have been in the trenches one week since, with the Corps. It then took me a week or such a matter to make my arrangements to leave the city. I have accepted the place I wrote you about, and am now on my way to join my command, it is at Charlotte, NC. I would like very much to have come home before going into the army, but the way not being open when I had the time at my own disposal I did not attempt it. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIt would have been a needless expense, and one which Uncle Porter advised me not to incur, though if the way had been clear I certainly should have come. My expenses at the V.M.I. were one hundred and fifty ($150) dollars. I will enclose you a statement of my financial account. I left Richmond Thursday and was two days getting to this place. I am at present at Mr Chalmers, the father of one of my classmates and friends. The son invited The son invited to his fathers house. I wanted some place on the line to leave my trunk. This is the place exactly, it is on a direct line from the south to R and quite safe from the enemy there. The family are so kind. Mr C has invited me to make his house my home, as long as I am pleased to stay, but I shall only remain two or three days. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI am tolerably equipped. Uncle P bought me a small pair of saddle bags for fifty (50) dollars. He also gave me an oilcloth. I am going to take as little baggage with me as possible and will try and take care of it. On parting from Mr Neeson he gave me some good advice just as you would have done and I saw that he felt a deep interest in my welfare. He also offered me money but I declined because I thought Uncle P had given me what he thought proper. You cannot be too grateful to Mr. Neeson and his family for their kindness to me. I wish you would write to him about it. I wish them to know how grateful I feel to them. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI hope to see you again but have not the most remote idea when. When you write to me again direct to Lt. Porter Johnson 2d Foreign Battalion, Charlotte NC. Write soon to your affectionate son.\u003cbr\u003e \nPorter Johnson\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDearling Mother\u003cbr\u003e\nI have not received a single line from you since a few days before the enemy's raid. I have heard once from home through Papa, but it made me sad than otherwise though I was truly glad to know that you were all well. My dear mother, I have now launched my bark on the ocean of life, and though the clouds lower around me and the waves roll high, I hope by the help of God, to [sp---t] \nthe flood. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI have thought a great deal about home and friends. I would have liked very much to have come home to see all of the dear ones again, but as it would have been a mere gratification and would have accomplished nothing I suppose it is best as it is. I am now staying at a very kind gentlemans in Halifax County.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eI have met with some very kind friends indeed since I resigned. Mrs Neeson has been almost a mother to me, just as kind as she could be. She often talks of you and thinks Papa one of the best men in the world. I almost fell in love with her daughter Mary a quiet unassuming and modest girl of fourteen summers. There is a little bright eyed beauty of twelve years, sitting by me while I write, [ ] my [ ]. Give my best love to all. The girls must write me soon. Give my especial love to Leake, tell him to be a good boy and mind his mother. Write to me soon mother! \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYour devoted son, Porter\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrison Hospital\u003cbr\u003e\nCamp Chase, Ohio, June 18, 1865 \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDear Mother\u003cbr\u003e\nThe order for release of prisoners has at last arrived. I expect to be released in about a week. It is a bitter pill but has to be swallowed. I do not expect to be home immediately. J.W. McCorkle is sick, he expects to go to his Uncles in Cabell county. I must go with him. He would do the same for me and more. Then I will go by West Va. I shall stop a few days then hasten home as fast as possible. I am in good health. I have not heard from any at Bridgeport for three weeks, they were all well at that time. Eddie \nWithrow is well, he is going directly home. Jake [Tucker] is well. The thoughts of soon again being clasped in a mothers embrace, Oh! isn't it glorious. My best love to all, regards to my friends. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrom your Affectionate Son\u003cbr\u003e \nPorter Johnson esq\u003cbr\u003e \nSoon to be Citizen of the United States of America Good and Loyal\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDear Sister Allie\u003cbr\u003e\nYour letter came duly to hand. I am truly happy to see you are such a punctual correspondent. Did you send the book I wrote for by Mr. C. I saw him the other day but he did not say whether he had brought it or not. I saw a splendid life size picture of Gen. Lee put up in the House of Delegates on Wednesday, it was by Bruce a very ordinary looking man. He asks six five thousand ($65,000) dollars for it. You ought to be here to see the crowds of ladies that flock to see us on dress parade and some very pretty ones I can tell you. I have almost fallen in love with one or two myself. Miss Lou H was out to see us today escorted by Maj. Stuart. She invited me to see her she was looking better than I ever saw her.\u003c/p\u003e"]}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_609"}},{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_582_c01_c03_c03","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Letter to Samuel V. Gatewood and Eugenia S. Gatewood (Massie)","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_582_c01_c03_c03#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes excitement among VMI cadets as Virginia decides to secede, suspension of academic duty, and cadet preparation for war.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_582_c01_c03_c03#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_582_c01_c03_c03","ref_ssm":["vilxv_repositories_3_resources_582_c01_c03_c03"],"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_582_c01_c03_c03","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_582","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_582","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_582_c01_c03","parent_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_582_c01_c03","parent_ssim":["vilxv_repositories_3_resources_582","vilxv_repositories_3_resources_582_c01","vilxv_repositories_3_resources_582_c01_c03"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vilxv_repositories_3_resources_582","vilxv_repositories_3_resources_582_c01","vilxv_repositories_3_resources_582_c01_c03"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers","Correspondence","Correspondence"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers","Correspondence","Correspondence"],"text":["Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers","Correspondence","Correspondence","Letter to Samuel V. Gatewood and Eugenia S. Gatewood (Massie)","Secession","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1864","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1860-1869","Virginia Military Institute—Civil War, 1861-1865","Correspondence","English","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes excitement among VMI cadets as Virginia decides to secede, suspension of academic duty, and cadet preparation for war."],"title_filing_ssi":"Letter to Samuel V. Gatewood and Eugenia S. Gatewood (Massie)","title_ssm":["Letter to Samuel V. Gatewood and Eugenia S. Gatewood (Massie)"],"title_tesim":["Letter to Samuel V. Gatewood and Eugenia S. Gatewood (Massie)"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1861 April 18"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1861"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Letter to Samuel V. Gatewood and Eugenia S. Gatewood (Massie)"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":18,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"date_range_isim":[1861],"access_subjects_ssim":["Secession","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1864","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1860-1869","Virginia Military Institute—Civil War, 1861-1865","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Secession","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1864","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1860-1869","Virginia Military Institute—Civil War, 1861-1865","Correspondence"],"language_ssim":["English"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes excitement among VMI cadets as Virginia decides to secede, suspension of academic duty, and cadet preparation for war.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes excitement among VMI cadets as Virginia decides to secede, suspension of academic duty, and cadet preparation for war."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#2/components#2","timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:10:42.873Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_582","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_582","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_582","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_582","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_582.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vmi/vilxv00001.xml","title_ssm":["Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers"],"title_tesim":["Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1860-1993"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1860-1993"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0068","/repositories/3/resources/582"],"text":["MS.0068","/repositories/3/resources/582","Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1860-1869","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Cavalry Regiment, 11th","Bull Run, 2nd Battle of, Va., 1862","Soldiers—Virginia—Correspondence","Lexington (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia Military Institute—Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1864","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","Correspondence","Account Books","Manuscripts","Clippings","There are no restrictions.","A bulk of the Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers are avaliable \n online .","A photograph of Gatewood is also avaliable  online .","Andrew Cameron Lewis Gatewood was born at Mountain Grove, Bath County, Virginia, on June 30, 1843 to Samuel Vance Gatewood (1810-1861) and Eugenia Sophia Massie (1819-1884). He entered the VMI in July 1860, where he served as a cadet until the outbreak of the Civil War in April 1861. On April 16, 1861, he accompanied the Corps of Cadets to Richmond, Virginia where he served as a drillmaster to new\nConfederate recruits. Gatewood subsequently served in the same capacity under General Robert S. Garnett at Laurel Hill, Barbour County, West Virginia. He joined the 11th Virginia Cavalry Regiment in March 1862 and was elected 2nd Lieutenant,\n\"F\" Company (Bath Squadron). He served in this unit until the end of the War.","At the close of the Civil War, Gatewood returned to Bath County. His father had died suddenly in 1861 without leaving a will, and as the oldest son, he took on responsibility for his family's affairs. He married his childhood sweetheart, Mary Skillern Warwick (1845-1922) in 1869 and the couple had seven children: William Beale, Eugene Samuel, Massie Cameron, Andrew Warwick, Mary Preston, Eliza Pleasants, and one child who died in infancy. The couple moved to Big Spring, Pocahontas County, West Virginia in 1877 where Gatewood spent the remainder of his life working as a farmer and stock raiser. He died on July 31, 1919.","The bulk of the Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers consist of 28 letters (dated 1860-1864) written by Gatewood to his parents and other family members. Early letters describe life at VMI and in Lexington, Virginia, just prior to and during early months of the Civil War. Subsequent letters date from Gatewood's service with the 11th Virginia Cavalry Regiment, Company F (Bath Squadron), including a letter (dated September 1862) written after the Second Battle of Manassas (2nd Bull Run). ","The papers also include a \"History of the Bath Squadron,\" consisting of a manuscript fragment, copies of a series of published newspaper articles concerning the unit, and an edited transcription, publications concerning Confederate veteran reunions, and Gatewood's VMI cadet account book.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards initiation of new cadets, early reference to term \"rat\" as a name for a new cadet, complaints of homesickness, and comments on living in camp.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes daily routine of cadets, life in camp, and difficulty of studies.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes dismantling summer camp and moving into barracks.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses family matters, including court summons.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses examinations, Christmas at VMI, and the secession of South Carolina.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter mentions examinations and the secession of South Carolina.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter informs his parents that he did well on his examinations and gives his class standing. The letter also mentions the secession of Florida and other states.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses the family's runaway slave, Jesse, and mentions willingness of cadets to fight to \"save Virginia.\"","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses general news, including an invitation to a party, his studies, and a request for money.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses squad drill, general news, and speculates about Virginia secession and the War.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses the need for new summer pants and the high price of cloth.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses general news, living in barracks, and anxiety about the return to summer camp in July.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes the \"flag raising incident,\" a confrontation between Lexington secessionists (including cadets), and pro-Union citizens.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes excitement among VMI cadets as Virginia decides to secede, suspension of academic duty, and cadet preparation for war.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter informs his parents that the Corps of Cadets will be ordered to Richmond, Virginia probably to drill recruits.","Written from Richmond, Virginia. Letter describes the cadets' journey from Lexington, Virginia to Richmond and more news of drilling new recruits.","Written from Richmond, Virginia. Letter informs his parents that he is drilling a company of new recruits and hopes for a commission.","Written from Ashland, Virginia. Letter discusses a transfer to the Ashland Camp of Instruction to drill army recruits.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Andrew C. L. Gatewood has returned to VMI to drill new cadets and University of Virginia students who are at VMI to receive training. Letter includes a complaint that he is not paid for his services and is still expected to pay room and board and the hopes to get a furlough.","Written from Mountain Grove, Virginia. Letter discusses preparations to serve as drillmaster with the 81st regiment.","Written from Manassas, Virginia. Letter describes the Second Battle of Manassas.","Written from Edinburg, Virginia. Letter discusses potential to be sent to Harrisonburg, Virginia and mentions victory at Vicksburg, Virginia.","Written from the 11th Regiment camp. Letter regards general news.","Written from Falling Springs Church, Rockbridge County, Virginia. Letter regards regiment encampment.","Letter written from the 11th Regiment camp. Letter regards the regiment's presention of the VMI Corps of Cadets with a captured flag and a review of troops by General Smith.","Written from Waynesboro, Virginia. Letter regards camp at Waynesboro and expected orders to march and battle.","Written from Waynesboro, Virginia. Letter regards that the brigade is ordered to eastern Virginia.","Written from the 11th Regiment camp. Letter regards general news from camp.","Account book contains entries for cadet expenses from July 31, 1860 to May 22, 1861.","Partial \"History of the Bath Squadron or Recollections of Thirty Years Ago\" manuscript in Andrew C. L. Gatewood's hand.","\"History of the Bath Squadron\" typescript with annotations by C.L. Gatewood's grandson, John M. Dunlap, Jr. Included is a 5.25 inch floppy disk that contains a digital version of the typescript.","Written by Dr. Hunter McGuire, Chairman. Report read by the committee chairman in Richmond, Virginia on June 5, 1899.","Written by J. Coleman Alderson. Pamphlet contains \"speeches, engravings of the speakers, and General Officers of this Division, with other prominent West Virginia Confederates.\"","Document was printed for the \"27th Reunion...United Confederate Veterans 22nd Annual Reunion...Sons of Veterans\" held in Washington, D.C. from June 4 to 8, 1917.","Proceedings of the 27th Annual Reunion of the Confederate Veterans, the 18th Annual Convention of the Confederated Southern Memorial Association, and the 22nd Annual Reunion of the Sons of Confederate Veterans held in Washington D.C. from June 4 to 7, 1917.","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","United Confederate Veterans","Gatewood, Andrew C. L. (Andrew Cameron Lewis), 1843-1919","Dunlap, John M., Jr. (John McKee), 1917-?","Smith, Francis H. (Francis Henney), 1812-1890","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0068","/repositories/3/resources/582"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers"],"collection_ssim":["Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Gatewood, Andrew C. L. (Andrew Cameron Lewis), 1843-1919","Dunlap, John M., Jr. (John McKee), 1917-?"],"creator_ssim":["Gatewood, Andrew C. L. (Andrew Cameron Lewis), 1843-1919","Dunlap, John M., Jr. (John McKee), 1917-?"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Gatewood, Andrew C. L. (Andrew Cameron Lewis), 1843-1919","Dunlap, John M., Jr. (John McKee), 1917-?"],"creators_ssim":["Gatewood, Andrew C. L. (Andrew Cameron Lewis), 1843-1919","Dunlap, John M., Jr. (John McKee), 1917-?"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1860-1869","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Cavalry Regiment, 11th","Bull Run, 2nd Battle of, Va., 1862","Soldiers—Virginia—Correspondence","Lexington (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia Military Institute—Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1864","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","Correspondence","Account Books","Manuscripts","Clippings"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1860-1869","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Cavalry Regiment, 11th","Bull Run, 2nd Battle of, Va., 1862","Soldiers—Virginia—Correspondence","Lexington (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia Military Institute—Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1864","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","Correspondence","Account Books","Manuscripts","Clippings"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["35 items"],"extent_tesim":["35 items"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Account Books","Manuscripts","Clippings"],"date_range_isim":[1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA bulk of the Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers are avaliable \n\u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p15821coll11/id/1918\"\u003eonline\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA photograph of Gatewood is also avaliable \u003ca href=\"http://cdm15821.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15821coll7/id/3240\"\u003eonline\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Online Access"],"altformavail_tesim":["A bulk of the Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers are avaliable \n online .","A photograph of Gatewood is also avaliable  online ."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAndrew Cameron Lewis Gatewood was born at Mountain Grove, Bath County, Virginia, on June 30, 1843 to Samuel Vance Gatewood (1810-1861) and Eugenia Sophia Massie (1819-1884). He entered the VMI in July 1860, where he served as a cadet until the outbreak of the Civil War in April 1861. On April 16, 1861, he accompanied the Corps of Cadets to Richmond, Virginia where he served as a drillmaster to new\nConfederate recruits. Gatewood subsequently served in the same capacity under General Robert S. Garnett at Laurel Hill, Barbour County, West Virginia. He joined the 11th Virginia Cavalry Regiment in March 1862 and was elected 2nd Lieutenant,\n\"F\" Company (Bath Squadron). He served in this unit until the end of the War.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAt the close of the Civil War, Gatewood returned to Bath County. His father had died suddenly in 1861 without leaving a will, and as the oldest son, he took on responsibility for his family's affairs. He married his childhood sweetheart, Mary Skillern Warwick (1845-1922) in 1869 and the couple had seven children: William Beale, Eugene Samuel, Massie Cameron, Andrew Warwick, Mary Preston, Eliza Pleasants, and one child who died in infancy. The couple moved to Big Spring, Pocahontas County, West Virginia in 1877 where Gatewood spent the remainder of his life working as a farmer and stock raiser. He died on July 31, 1919.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Andrew Cameron Lewis Gatewood was born at Mountain Grove, Bath County, Virginia, on June 30, 1843 to Samuel Vance Gatewood (1810-1861) and Eugenia Sophia Massie (1819-1884). He entered the VMI in July 1860, where he served as a cadet until the outbreak of the Civil War in April 1861. On April 16, 1861, he accompanied the Corps of Cadets to Richmond, Virginia where he served as a drillmaster to new\nConfederate recruits. Gatewood subsequently served in the same capacity under General Robert S. Garnett at Laurel Hill, Barbour County, West Virginia. He joined the 11th Virginia Cavalry Regiment in March 1862 and was elected 2nd Lieutenant,\n\"F\" Company (Bath Squadron). He served in this unit until the end of the War.","At the close of the Civil War, Gatewood returned to Bath County. His father had died suddenly in 1861 without leaving a will, and as the oldest son, he took on responsibility for his family's affairs. He married his childhood sweetheart, Mary Skillern Warwick (1845-1922) in 1869 and the couple had seven children: William Beale, Eugene Samuel, Massie Cameron, Andrew Warwick, Mary Preston, Eliza Pleasants, and one child who died in infancy. The couple moved to Big Spring, Pocahontas County, West Virginia in 1877 where Gatewood spent the remainder of his life working as a farmer and stock raiser. He died on July 31, 1919."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAndrew C. L. Gatewood papers, 1860-1993. MS 0068. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers, 1860-1993. MS 0068. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers consist of 28 letters (dated 1860-1864) written by Gatewood to his parents and other family members. Early letters describe life at VMI and in Lexington, Virginia, just prior to and during early months of the Civil War. Subsequent letters date from Gatewood's service with the 11th Virginia Cavalry Regiment, Company F (Bath Squadron), including a letter (dated September 1862) written after the Second Battle of Manassas (2nd Bull Run). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe papers also include a \"History of the Bath Squadron,\" consisting of a manuscript fragment, copies of a series of published newspaper articles concerning the unit, and an edited transcription, publications concerning Confederate veteran reunions, and Gatewood's VMI cadet account book.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards initiation of new cadets, early reference to term \"rat\" as a name for a new cadet, complaints of homesickness, and comments on living in camp.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes daily routine of cadets, life in camp, and difficulty of studies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes dismantling summer camp and moving into barracks.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses family matters, including court summons.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses examinations, Christmas at VMI, and the secession of South Carolina.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter mentions examinations and the secession of South Carolina.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter informs his parents that he did well on his examinations and gives his class standing. The letter also mentions the secession of Florida and other states.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses the family's runaway slave, Jesse, and mentions willingness of cadets to fight to \"save Virginia.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses general news, including an invitation to a party, his studies, and a request for money.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses squad drill, general news, and speculates about Virginia secession and the War.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses the need for new summer pants and the high price of cloth.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses general news, living in barracks, and anxiety about the return to summer camp in July.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes the \"flag raising incident,\" a confrontation between Lexington secessionists (including cadets), and pro-Union citizens.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes excitement among VMI cadets as Virginia decides to secede, suspension of academic duty, and cadet preparation for war.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter informs his parents that the Corps of Cadets will be ordered to Richmond, Virginia probably to drill recruits.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Richmond, Virginia. Letter describes the cadets' journey from Lexington, Virginia to Richmond and more news of drilling new recruits.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Richmond, Virginia. Letter informs his parents that he is drilling a company of new recruits and hopes for a commission.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Ashland, Virginia. Letter discusses a transfer to the Ashland Camp of Instruction to drill army recruits.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Andrew C. L. Gatewood has returned to VMI to drill new cadets and University of Virginia students who are at VMI to receive training. Letter includes a complaint that he is not paid for his services and is still expected to pay room and board and the hopes to get a furlough.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Mountain Grove, Virginia. Letter discusses preparations to serve as drillmaster with the 81st regiment.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Manassas, Virginia. Letter describes the Second Battle of Manassas.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Edinburg, Virginia. Letter discusses potential to be sent to Harrisonburg, Virginia and mentions victory at Vicksburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from the 11th Regiment camp. Letter regards general news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Falling Springs Church, Rockbridge County, Virginia. Letter regards regiment encampment.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter written from the 11th Regiment camp. Letter regards the regiment's presention of the VMI Corps of Cadets with a captured flag and a review of troops by General Smith.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Waynesboro, Virginia. Letter regards camp at Waynesboro and expected orders to march and battle.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Waynesboro, Virginia. Letter regards that the brigade is ordered to eastern Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from the 11th Regiment camp. Letter regards general news from camp.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccount book contains entries for cadet expenses from July 31, 1860 to May 22, 1861.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePartial \"History of the Bath Squadron or Recollections of Thirty Years Ago\" manuscript in Andrew C. L. Gatewood's hand.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"History of the Bath Squadron\" typescript with annotations by C.L. Gatewood's grandson, John M. Dunlap, Jr. Included is a 5.25 inch floppy disk that contains a digital version of the typescript.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten by Dr. Hunter McGuire, Chairman. Report read by the committee chairman in Richmond, Virginia on June 5, 1899.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten by J. Coleman Alderson. Pamphlet contains \"speeches, engravings of the speakers, and General Officers of this Division, with other prominent West Virginia Confederates.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocument was printed for the \"27th Reunion...United Confederate Veterans 22nd Annual Reunion...Sons of Veterans\" held in Washington, D.C. from June 4 to 8, 1917.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProceedings of the 27th Annual Reunion of the Confederate Veterans, the 18th Annual Convention of the Confederated Southern Memorial Association, and the 22nd Annual Reunion of the Sons of Confederate Veterans held in Washington D.C. from June 4 to 7, 1917.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The bulk of the Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers consist of 28 letters (dated 1860-1864) written by Gatewood to his parents and other family members. Early letters describe life at VMI and in Lexington, Virginia, just prior to and during early months of the Civil War. Subsequent letters date from Gatewood's service with the 11th Virginia Cavalry Regiment, Company F (Bath Squadron), including a letter (dated September 1862) written after the Second Battle of Manassas (2nd Bull Run). ","The papers also include a \"History of the Bath Squadron,\" consisting of a manuscript fragment, copies of a series of published newspaper articles concerning the unit, and an edited transcription, publications concerning Confederate veteran reunions, and Gatewood's VMI cadet account book.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards initiation of new cadets, early reference to term \"rat\" as a name for a new cadet, complaints of homesickness, and comments on living in camp.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes daily routine of cadets, life in camp, and difficulty of studies.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes dismantling summer camp and moving into barracks.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses family matters, including court summons.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses examinations, Christmas at VMI, and the secession of South Carolina.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter mentions examinations and the secession of South Carolina.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter informs his parents that he did well on his examinations and gives his class standing. The letter also mentions the secession of Florida and other states.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses the family's runaway slave, Jesse, and mentions willingness of cadets to fight to \"save Virginia.\"","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses general news, including an invitation to a party, his studies, and a request for money.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses squad drill, general news, and speculates about Virginia secession and the War.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses the need for new summer pants and the high price of cloth.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses general news, living in barracks, and anxiety about the return to summer camp in July.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes the \"flag raising incident,\" a confrontation between Lexington secessionists (including cadets), and pro-Union citizens.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes excitement among VMI cadets as Virginia decides to secede, suspension of academic duty, and cadet preparation for war.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter informs his parents that the Corps of Cadets will be ordered to Richmond, Virginia probably to drill recruits.","Written from Richmond, Virginia. Letter describes the cadets' journey from Lexington, Virginia to Richmond and more news of drilling new recruits.","Written from Richmond, Virginia. Letter informs his parents that he is drilling a company of new recruits and hopes for a commission.","Written from Ashland, Virginia. Letter discusses a transfer to the Ashland Camp of Instruction to drill army recruits.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Andrew C. L. Gatewood has returned to VMI to drill new cadets and University of Virginia students who are at VMI to receive training. Letter includes a complaint that he is not paid for his services and is still expected to pay room and board and the hopes to get a furlough.","Written from Mountain Grove, Virginia. Letter discusses preparations to serve as drillmaster with the 81st regiment.","Written from Manassas, Virginia. Letter describes the Second Battle of Manassas.","Written from Edinburg, Virginia. Letter discusses potential to be sent to Harrisonburg, Virginia and mentions victory at Vicksburg, Virginia.","Written from the 11th Regiment camp. Letter regards general news.","Written from Falling Springs Church, Rockbridge County, Virginia. Letter regards regiment encampment.","Letter written from the 11th Regiment camp. Letter regards the regiment's presention of the VMI Corps of Cadets with a captured flag and a review of troops by General Smith.","Written from Waynesboro, Virginia. Letter regards camp at Waynesboro and expected orders to march and battle.","Written from Waynesboro, Virginia. Letter regards that the brigade is ordered to eastern Virginia.","Written from the 11th Regiment camp. Letter regards general news from camp.","Account book contains entries for cadet expenses from July 31, 1860 to May 22, 1861.","Partial \"History of the Bath Squadron or Recollections of Thirty Years Ago\" manuscript in Andrew C. L. Gatewood's hand.","\"History of the Bath Squadron\" typescript with annotations by C.L. Gatewood's grandson, John M. Dunlap, Jr. Included is a 5.25 inch floppy disk that contains a digital version of the typescript.","Written by Dr. Hunter McGuire, Chairman. Report read by the committee chairman in Richmond, Virginia on June 5, 1899.","Written by J. Coleman Alderson. Pamphlet contains \"speeches, engravings of the speakers, and General Officers of this Division, with other prominent West Virginia Confederates.\"","Document was printed for the \"27th Reunion...United Confederate Veterans 22nd Annual Reunion...Sons of Veterans\" held in Washington, D.C. from June 4 to 8, 1917.","Proceedings of the 27th Annual Reunion of the Confederate Veterans, the 18th Annual Convention of the Confederated Southern Memorial Association, and the 22nd Annual Reunion of the Sons of Confederate Veterans held in Washington D.C. from June 4 to 7, 1917."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_f3d0ffdf4864efbcf325abc5200c0bf2\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","United Confederate Veterans","Gatewood, Andrew C. L. (Andrew Cameron Lewis), 1843-1919","Dunlap, John M., Jr. (John McKee), 1917-?","Smith, Francis H. (Francis Henney), 1812-1890"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","United Confederate Veterans"],"persname_ssim":["Gatewood, Andrew C. L. (Andrew Cameron Lewis), 1843-1919","Dunlap, John M., Jr. (John McKee), 1917-?","Smith, Francis H. (Francis Henney), 1812-1890"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":46,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:10:42.873Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_582_c01_c03_c03"}},{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_582_c01_c03_c04","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Letter to Samuel V. Gatewood and Eugenia S. 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Letter informs his parents that the Corps of Cadets will be ordered to Richmond, Virginia probably to drill recruits.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_582_c01_c03_c04#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_582_c01_c03_c04","ref_ssm":["vilxv_repositories_3_resources_582_c01_c03_c04"],"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_582_c01_c03_c04","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_582","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_582","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_582_c01_c03","parent_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_582_c01_c03","parent_ssim":["vilxv_repositories_3_resources_582","vilxv_repositories_3_resources_582_c01","vilxv_repositories_3_resources_582_c01_c03"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vilxv_repositories_3_resources_582","vilxv_repositories_3_resources_582_c01","vilxv_repositories_3_resources_582_c01_c03"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers","Correspondence","Correspondence"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers","Correspondence","Correspondence"],"text":["Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers","Correspondence","Correspondence","Letter to Samuel V. Gatewood and Eugenia S. Gatewood (Massie)","Virginia Military Institute—Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1864","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1860-1869","Correspondence","English","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter informs his parents that the Corps of Cadets will be ordered to Richmond, Virginia probably to drill recruits."],"title_filing_ssi":"Letter to Samuel V. Gatewood and Eugenia S. Gatewood (Massie)","title_ssm":["Letter to Samuel V. Gatewood and Eugenia S. Gatewood (Massie)"],"title_tesim":["Letter to Samuel V. Gatewood and Eugenia S. Gatewood (Massie)"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1861 April 20"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1861"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Letter to Samuel V. Gatewood and Eugenia S. Gatewood (Massie)"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":19,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"date_range_isim":[1861],"access_subjects_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute—Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1864","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1860-1869","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute—Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1864","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1860-1869","Correspondence"],"language_ssim":["English"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter informs his parents that the Corps of Cadets will be ordered to Richmond, Virginia probably to drill recruits.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter informs his parents that the Corps of Cadets will be ordered to Richmond, Virginia probably to drill recruits."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#2/components#3","timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:10:42.873Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_582","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_582","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_582","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_582","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_582.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vmi/vilxv00001.xml","title_ssm":["Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers"],"title_tesim":["Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1860-1993"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1860-1993"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0068","/repositories/3/resources/582"],"text":["MS.0068","/repositories/3/resources/582","Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1860-1869","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Cavalry Regiment, 11th","Bull Run, 2nd Battle of, Va., 1862","Soldiers—Virginia—Correspondence","Lexington (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia Military Institute—Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1864","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","Correspondence","Account Books","Manuscripts","Clippings","There are no restrictions.","A bulk of the Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers are avaliable \n online .","A photograph of Gatewood is also avaliable  online .","Andrew Cameron Lewis Gatewood was born at Mountain Grove, Bath County, Virginia, on June 30, 1843 to Samuel Vance Gatewood (1810-1861) and Eugenia Sophia Massie (1819-1884). He entered the VMI in July 1860, where he served as a cadet until the outbreak of the Civil War in April 1861. On April 16, 1861, he accompanied the Corps of Cadets to Richmond, Virginia where he served as a drillmaster to new\nConfederate recruits. Gatewood subsequently served in the same capacity under General Robert S. Garnett at Laurel Hill, Barbour County, West Virginia. He joined the 11th Virginia Cavalry Regiment in March 1862 and was elected 2nd Lieutenant,\n\"F\" Company (Bath Squadron). He served in this unit until the end of the War.","At the close of the Civil War, Gatewood returned to Bath County. His father had died suddenly in 1861 without leaving a will, and as the oldest son, he took on responsibility for his family's affairs. He married his childhood sweetheart, Mary Skillern Warwick (1845-1922) in 1869 and the couple had seven children: William Beale, Eugene Samuel, Massie Cameron, Andrew Warwick, Mary Preston, Eliza Pleasants, and one child who died in infancy. The couple moved to Big Spring, Pocahontas County, West Virginia in 1877 where Gatewood spent the remainder of his life working as a farmer and stock raiser. He died on July 31, 1919.","The bulk of the Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers consist of 28 letters (dated 1860-1864) written by Gatewood to his parents and other family members. Early letters describe life at VMI and in Lexington, Virginia, just prior to and during early months of the Civil War. Subsequent letters date from Gatewood's service with the 11th Virginia Cavalry Regiment, Company F (Bath Squadron), including a letter (dated September 1862) written after the Second Battle of Manassas (2nd Bull Run). ","The papers also include a \"History of the Bath Squadron,\" consisting of a manuscript fragment, copies of a series of published newspaper articles concerning the unit, and an edited transcription, publications concerning Confederate veteran reunions, and Gatewood's VMI cadet account book.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards initiation of new cadets, early reference to term \"rat\" as a name for a new cadet, complaints of homesickness, and comments on living in camp.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes daily routine of cadets, life in camp, and difficulty of studies.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes dismantling summer camp and moving into barracks.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses family matters, including court summons.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses examinations, Christmas at VMI, and the secession of South Carolina.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter mentions examinations and the secession of South Carolina.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter informs his parents that he did well on his examinations and gives his class standing. The letter also mentions the secession of Florida and other states.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses the family's runaway slave, Jesse, and mentions willingness of cadets to fight to \"save Virginia.\"","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses general news, including an invitation to a party, his studies, and a request for money.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses squad drill, general news, and speculates about Virginia secession and the War.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses the need for new summer pants and the high price of cloth.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses general news, living in barracks, and anxiety about the return to summer camp in July.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes the \"flag raising incident,\" a confrontation between Lexington secessionists (including cadets), and pro-Union citizens.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes excitement among VMI cadets as Virginia decides to secede, suspension of academic duty, and cadet preparation for war.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter informs his parents that the Corps of Cadets will be ordered to Richmond, Virginia probably to drill recruits.","Written from Richmond, Virginia. Letter describes the cadets' journey from Lexington, Virginia to Richmond and more news of drilling new recruits.","Written from Richmond, Virginia. Letter informs his parents that he is drilling a company of new recruits and hopes for a commission.","Written from Ashland, Virginia. Letter discusses a transfer to the Ashland Camp of Instruction to drill army recruits.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Andrew C. L. Gatewood has returned to VMI to drill new cadets and University of Virginia students who are at VMI to receive training. Letter includes a complaint that he is not paid for his services and is still expected to pay room and board and the hopes to get a furlough.","Written from Mountain Grove, Virginia. Letter discusses preparations to serve as drillmaster with the 81st regiment.","Written from Manassas, Virginia. Letter describes the Second Battle of Manassas.","Written from Edinburg, Virginia. Letter discusses potential to be sent to Harrisonburg, Virginia and mentions victory at Vicksburg, Virginia.","Written from the 11th Regiment camp. Letter regards general news.","Written from Falling Springs Church, Rockbridge County, Virginia. Letter regards regiment encampment.","Letter written from the 11th Regiment camp. Letter regards the regiment's presention of the VMI Corps of Cadets with a captured flag and a review of troops by General Smith.","Written from Waynesboro, Virginia. Letter regards camp at Waynesboro and expected orders to march and battle.","Written from Waynesboro, Virginia. Letter regards that the brigade is ordered to eastern Virginia.","Written from the 11th Regiment camp. Letter regards general news from camp.","Account book contains entries for cadet expenses from July 31, 1860 to May 22, 1861.","Partial \"History of the Bath Squadron or Recollections of Thirty Years Ago\" manuscript in Andrew C. L. Gatewood's hand.","\"History of the Bath Squadron\" typescript with annotations by C.L. Gatewood's grandson, John M. Dunlap, Jr. Included is a 5.25 inch floppy disk that contains a digital version of the typescript.","Written by Dr. Hunter McGuire, Chairman. Report read by the committee chairman in Richmond, Virginia on June 5, 1899.","Written by J. Coleman Alderson. Pamphlet contains \"speeches, engravings of the speakers, and General Officers of this Division, with other prominent West Virginia Confederates.\"","Document was printed for the \"27th Reunion...United Confederate Veterans 22nd Annual Reunion...Sons of Veterans\" held in Washington, D.C. from June 4 to 8, 1917.","Proceedings of the 27th Annual Reunion of the Confederate Veterans, the 18th Annual Convention of the Confederated Southern Memorial Association, and the 22nd Annual Reunion of the Sons of Confederate Veterans held in Washington D.C. from June 4 to 7, 1917.","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","United Confederate Veterans","Gatewood, Andrew C. L. (Andrew Cameron Lewis), 1843-1919","Dunlap, John M., Jr. (John McKee), 1917-?","Smith, Francis H. (Francis Henney), 1812-1890","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0068","/repositories/3/resources/582"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers"],"collection_ssim":["Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Gatewood, Andrew C. L. (Andrew Cameron Lewis), 1843-1919","Dunlap, John M., Jr. (John McKee), 1917-?"],"creator_ssim":["Gatewood, Andrew C. L. (Andrew Cameron Lewis), 1843-1919","Dunlap, John M., Jr. (John McKee), 1917-?"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Gatewood, Andrew C. L. (Andrew Cameron Lewis), 1843-1919","Dunlap, John M., Jr. (John McKee), 1917-?"],"creators_ssim":["Gatewood, Andrew C. L. (Andrew Cameron Lewis), 1843-1919","Dunlap, John M., Jr. (John McKee), 1917-?"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1860-1869","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Cavalry Regiment, 11th","Bull Run, 2nd Battle of, Va., 1862","Soldiers—Virginia—Correspondence","Lexington (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia Military Institute—Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1864","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","Correspondence","Account Books","Manuscripts","Clippings"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1860-1869","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Cavalry Regiment, 11th","Bull Run, 2nd Battle of, Va., 1862","Soldiers—Virginia—Correspondence","Lexington (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia Military Institute—Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1864","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","Correspondence","Account Books","Manuscripts","Clippings"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["35 items"],"extent_tesim":["35 items"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Account Books","Manuscripts","Clippings"],"date_range_isim":[1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA bulk of the Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers are avaliable \n\u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p15821coll11/id/1918\"\u003eonline\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA photograph of Gatewood is also avaliable \u003ca href=\"http://cdm15821.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15821coll7/id/3240\"\u003eonline\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Online Access"],"altformavail_tesim":["A bulk of the Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers are avaliable \n online .","A photograph of Gatewood is also avaliable  online ."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAndrew Cameron Lewis Gatewood was born at Mountain Grove, Bath County, Virginia, on June 30, 1843 to Samuel Vance Gatewood (1810-1861) and Eugenia Sophia Massie (1819-1884). He entered the VMI in July 1860, where he served as a cadet until the outbreak of the Civil War in April 1861. On April 16, 1861, he accompanied the Corps of Cadets to Richmond, Virginia where he served as a drillmaster to new\nConfederate recruits. Gatewood subsequently served in the same capacity under General Robert S. Garnett at Laurel Hill, Barbour County, West Virginia. He joined the 11th Virginia Cavalry Regiment in March 1862 and was elected 2nd Lieutenant,\n\"F\" Company (Bath Squadron). He served in this unit until the end of the War.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAt the close of the Civil War, Gatewood returned to Bath County. His father had died suddenly in 1861 without leaving a will, and as the oldest son, he took on responsibility for his family's affairs. He married his childhood sweetheart, Mary Skillern Warwick (1845-1922) in 1869 and the couple had seven children: William Beale, Eugene Samuel, Massie Cameron, Andrew Warwick, Mary Preston, Eliza Pleasants, and one child who died in infancy. The couple moved to Big Spring, Pocahontas County, West Virginia in 1877 where Gatewood spent the remainder of his life working as a farmer and stock raiser. He died on July 31, 1919.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Andrew Cameron Lewis Gatewood was born at Mountain Grove, Bath County, Virginia, on June 30, 1843 to Samuel Vance Gatewood (1810-1861) and Eugenia Sophia Massie (1819-1884). He entered the VMI in July 1860, where he served as a cadet until the outbreak of the Civil War in April 1861. On April 16, 1861, he accompanied the Corps of Cadets to Richmond, Virginia where he served as a drillmaster to new\nConfederate recruits. Gatewood subsequently served in the same capacity under General Robert S. Garnett at Laurel Hill, Barbour County, West Virginia. He joined the 11th Virginia Cavalry Regiment in March 1862 and was elected 2nd Lieutenant,\n\"F\" Company (Bath Squadron). He served in this unit until the end of the War.","At the close of the Civil War, Gatewood returned to Bath County. His father had died suddenly in 1861 without leaving a will, and as the oldest son, he took on responsibility for his family's affairs. He married his childhood sweetheart, Mary Skillern Warwick (1845-1922) in 1869 and the couple had seven children: William Beale, Eugene Samuel, Massie Cameron, Andrew Warwick, Mary Preston, Eliza Pleasants, and one child who died in infancy. The couple moved to Big Spring, Pocahontas County, West Virginia in 1877 where Gatewood spent the remainder of his life working as a farmer and stock raiser. He died on July 31, 1919."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAndrew C. L. Gatewood papers, 1860-1993. MS 0068. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers, 1860-1993. MS 0068. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers consist of 28 letters (dated 1860-1864) written by Gatewood to his parents and other family members. Early letters describe life at VMI and in Lexington, Virginia, just prior to and during early months of the Civil War. Subsequent letters date from Gatewood's service with the 11th Virginia Cavalry Regiment, Company F (Bath Squadron), including a letter (dated September 1862) written after the Second Battle of Manassas (2nd Bull Run). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe papers also include a \"History of the Bath Squadron,\" consisting of a manuscript fragment, copies of a series of published newspaper articles concerning the unit, and an edited transcription, publications concerning Confederate veteran reunions, and Gatewood's VMI cadet account book.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards initiation of new cadets, early reference to term \"rat\" as a name for a new cadet, complaints of homesickness, and comments on living in camp.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes daily routine of cadets, life in camp, and difficulty of studies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes dismantling summer camp and moving into barracks.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses family matters, including court summons.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses examinations, Christmas at VMI, and the secession of South Carolina.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter mentions examinations and the secession of South Carolina.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter informs his parents that he did well on his examinations and gives his class standing. The letter also mentions the secession of Florida and other states.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses the family's runaway slave, Jesse, and mentions willingness of cadets to fight to \"save Virginia.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses general news, including an invitation to a party, his studies, and a request for money.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses squad drill, general news, and speculates about Virginia secession and the War.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses the need for new summer pants and the high price of cloth.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses general news, living in barracks, and anxiety about the return to summer camp in July.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes the \"flag raising incident,\" a confrontation between Lexington secessionists (including cadets), and pro-Union citizens.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes excitement among VMI cadets as Virginia decides to secede, suspension of academic duty, and cadet preparation for war.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter informs his parents that the Corps of Cadets will be ordered to Richmond, Virginia probably to drill recruits.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Richmond, Virginia. Letter describes the cadets' journey from Lexington, Virginia to Richmond and more news of drilling new recruits.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Richmond, Virginia. Letter informs his parents that he is drilling a company of new recruits and hopes for a commission.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Ashland, Virginia. Letter discusses a transfer to the Ashland Camp of Instruction to drill army recruits.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Andrew C. L. Gatewood has returned to VMI to drill new cadets and University of Virginia students who are at VMI to receive training. Letter includes a complaint that he is not paid for his services and is still expected to pay room and board and the hopes to get a furlough.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Mountain Grove, Virginia. Letter discusses preparations to serve as drillmaster with the 81st regiment.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Manassas, Virginia. Letter describes the Second Battle of Manassas.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Edinburg, Virginia. Letter discusses potential to be sent to Harrisonburg, Virginia and mentions victory at Vicksburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from the 11th Regiment camp. Letter regards general news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Falling Springs Church, Rockbridge County, Virginia. Letter regards regiment encampment.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter written from the 11th Regiment camp. Letter regards the regiment's presention of the VMI Corps of Cadets with a captured flag and a review of troops by General Smith.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Waynesboro, Virginia. Letter regards camp at Waynesboro and expected orders to march and battle.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Waynesboro, Virginia. Letter regards that the brigade is ordered to eastern Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from the 11th Regiment camp. Letter regards general news from camp.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccount book contains entries for cadet expenses from July 31, 1860 to May 22, 1861.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePartial \"History of the Bath Squadron or Recollections of Thirty Years Ago\" manuscript in Andrew C. L. Gatewood's hand.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"History of the Bath Squadron\" typescript with annotations by C.L. Gatewood's grandson, John M. Dunlap, Jr. Included is a 5.25 inch floppy disk that contains a digital version of the typescript.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten by Dr. Hunter McGuire, Chairman. Report read by the committee chairman in Richmond, Virginia on June 5, 1899.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten by J. Coleman Alderson. Pamphlet contains \"speeches, engravings of the speakers, and General Officers of this Division, with other prominent West Virginia Confederates.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocument was printed for the \"27th Reunion...United Confederate Veterans 22nd Annual Reunion...Sons of Veterans\" held in Washington, D.C. from June 4 to 8, 1917.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProceedings of the 27th Annual Reunion of the Confederate Veterans, the 18th Annual Convention of the Confederated Southern Memorial Association, and the 22nd Annual Reunion of the Sons of Confederate Veterans held in Washington D.C. from June 4 to 7, 1917.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The bulk of the Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers consist of 28 letters (dated 1860-1864) written by Gatewood to his parents and other family members. Early letters describe life at VMI and in Lexington, Virginia, just prior to and during early months of the Civil War. Subsequent letters date from Gatewood's service with the 11th Virginia Cavalry Regiment, Company F (Bath Squadron), including a letter (dated September 1862) written after the Second Battle of Manassas (2nd Bull Run). ","The papers also include a \"History of the Bath Squadron,\" consisting of a manuscript fragment, copies of a series of published newspaper articles concerning the unit, and an edited transcription, publications concerning Confederate veteran reunions, and Gatewood's VMI cadet account book.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards initiation of new cadets, early reference to term \"rat\" as a name for a new cadet, complaints of homesickness, and comments on living in camp.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes daily routine of cadets, life in camp, and difficulty of studies.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes dismantling summer camp and moving into barracks.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses family matters, including court summons.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses examinations, Christmas at VMI, and the secession of South Carolina.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter mentions examinations and the secession of South Carolina.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter informs his parents that he did well on his examinations and gives his class standing. The letter also mentions the secession of Florida and other states.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses the family's runaway slave, Jesse, and mentions willingness of cadets to fight to \"save Virginia.\"","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses general news, including an invitation to a party, his studies, and a request for money.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses squad drill, general news, and speculates about Virginia secession and the War.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses the need for new summer pants and the high price of cloth.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses general news, living in barracks, and anxiety about the return to summer camp in July.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes the \"flag raising incident,\" a confrontation between Lexington secessionists (including cadets), and pro-Union citizens.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes excitement among VMI cadets as Virginia decides to secede, suspension of academic duty, and cadet preparation for war.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter informs his parents that the Corps of Cadets will be ordered to Richmond, Virginia probably to drill recruits.","Written from Richmond, Virginia. Letter describes the cadets' journey from Lexington, Virginia to Richmond and more news of drilling new recruits.","Written from Richmond, Virginia. Letter informs his parents that he is drilling a company of new recruits and hopes for a commission.","Written from Ashland, Virginia. Letter discusses a transfer to the Ashland Camp of Instruction to drill army recruits.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Andrew C. L. Gatewood has returned to VMI to drill new cadets and University of Virginia students who are at VMI to receive training. Letter includes a complaint that he is not paid for his services and is still expected to pay room and board and the hopes to get a furlough.","Written from Mountain Grove, Virginia. Letter discusses preparations to serve as drillmaster with the 81st regiment.","Written from Manassas, Virginia. Letter describes the Second Battle of Manassas.","Written from Edinburg, Virginia. Letter discusses potential to be sent to Harrisonburg, Virginia and mentions victory at Vicksburg, Virginia.","Written from the 11th Regiment camp. Letter regards general news.","Written from Falling Springs Church, Rockbridge County, Virginia. Letter regards regiment encampment.","Letter written from the 11th Regiment camp. Letter regards the regiment's presention of the VMI Corps of Cadets with a captured flag and a review of troops by General Smith.","Written from Waynesboro, Virginia. Letter regards camp at Waynesboro and expected orders to march and battle.","Written from Waynesboro, Virginia. Letter regards that the brigade is ordered to eastern Virginia.","Written from the 11th Regiment camp. Letter regards general news from camp.","Account book contains entries for cadet expenses from July 31, 1860 to May 22, 1861.","Partial \"History of the Bath Squadron or Recollections of Thirty Years Ago\" manuscript in Andrew C. L. Gatewood's hand.","\"History of the Bath Squadron\" typescript with annotations by C.L. Gatewood's grandson, John M. Dunlap, Jr. Included is a 5.25 inch floppy disk that contains a digital version of the typescript.","Written by Dr. Hunter McGuire, Chairman. Report read by the committee chairman in Richmond, Virginia on June 5, 1899.","Written by J. Coleman Alderson. Pamphlet contains \"speeches, engravings of the speakers, and General Officers of this Division, with other prominent West Virginia Confederates.\"","Document was printed for the \"27th Reunion...United Confederate Veterans 22nd Annual Reunion...Sons of Veterans\" held in Washington, D.C. from June 4 to 8, 1917.","Proceedings of the 27th Annual Reunion of the Confederate Veterans, the 18th Annual Convention of the Confederated Southern Memorial Association, and the 22nd Annual Reunion of the Sons of Confederate Veterans held in Washington D.C. from June 4 to 7, 1917."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_f3d0ffdf4864efbcf325abc5200c0bf2\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","United Confederate Veterans","Gatewood, Andrew C. L. (Andrew Cameron Lewis), 1843-1919","Dunlap, John M., Jr. (John McKee), 1917-?","Smith, Francis H. (Francis Henney), 1812-1890"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","United Confederate Veterans"],"persname_ssim":["Gatewood, Andrew C. L. (Andrew Cameron Lewis), 1843-1919","Dunlap, John M., Jr. (John McKee), 1917-?","Smith, Francis H. (Francis Henney), 1812-1890"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":46,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:10:42.873Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_582_c01_c03_c04"}},{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_582_c01_c03_c05","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Letter to Samuel V. Gatewood and Eugenia S. Gatewood (Massie)","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_582_c01_c03_c05#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eWritten from Richmond, Virginia. Letter describes the cadets' journey from Lexington, Virginia to Richmond and more news of drilling new recruits.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxv_repositories_3_resources_582_c01_c03_c05#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_582_c01_c03_c05","ref_ssm":["vilxv_repositories_3_resources_582_c01_c03_c05"],"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_582_c01_c03_c05","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_582","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_582","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_582_c01_c03","parent_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_582_c01_c03","parent_ssim":["vilxv_repositories_3_resources_582","vilxv_repositories_3_resources_582_c01","vilxv_repositories_3_resources_582_c01_c03"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vilxv_repositories_3_resources_582","vilxv_repositories_3_resources_582_c01","vilxv_repositories_3_resources_582_c01_c03"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers","Correspondence","Correspondence"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers","Correspondence","Correspondence"],"text":["Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers","Correspondence","Correspondence","Letter to Samuel V. Gatewood and Eugenia S. Gatewood (Massie)","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1864","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1860-1869","Virginia Military Institute—Civil War, 1861-1865","Correspondence","English","Written from Richmond, Virginia. Letter describes the cadets' journey from Lexington, Virginia to Richmond and more news of drilling new recruits."],"title_filing_ssi":"Letter to Samuel V. Gatewood and Eugenia S. Gatewood (Massie)","title_ssm":["Letter to Samuel V. Gatewood and Eugenia S. Gatewood (Massie)"],"title_tesim":["Letter to Samuel V. Gatewood and Eugenia S. Gatewood (Massie)"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1861 April 28"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1861"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Letter to Samuel V. Gatewood and Eugenia S. Gatewood (Massie)"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":20,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["There are no restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"date_range_isim":[1861],"access_subjects_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1864","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1860-1869","Virginia Military Institute—Civil War, 1861-1865","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1864","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1860-1869","Virginia Military Institute—Civil War, 1861-1865","Correspondence"],"language_ssim":["English"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWritten from Richmond, Virginia. Letter describes the cadets' journey from Lexington, Virginia to Richmond and more news of drilling new recruits.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Written from Richmond, Virginia. Letter describes the cadets' journey from Lexington, Virginia to Richmond and more news of drilling new recruits."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#2/components#4","timestamp":"2026-05-21T00:10:42.873Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_582","ead_ssi":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_582","_root_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_582","_nest_parent_":"vilxv_repositories_3_resources_582","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMI/repositories_3_resources_582.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vmi/vilxv00001.xml","title_ssm":["Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers"],"title_tesim":["Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1860-1993"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1860-1993"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.0068","/repositories/3/resources/582"],"text":["MS.0068","/repositories/3/resources/582","Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers","Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1860-1869","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Cavalry Regiment, 11th","Bull Run, 2nd Battle of, Va., 1862","Soldiers—Virginia—Correspondence","Lexington (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia Military Institute—Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1864","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","Correspondence","Account Books","Manuscripts","Clippings","There are no restrictions.","A bulk of the Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers are avaliable \n online .","A photograph of Gatewood is also avaliable  online .","Andrew Cameron Lewis Gatewood was born at Mountain Grove, Bath County, Virginia, on June 30, 1843 to Samuel Vance Gatewood (1810-1861) and Eugenia Sophia Massie (1819-1884). He entered the VMI in July 1860, where he served as a cadet until the outbreak of the Civil War in April 1861. On April 16, 1861, he accompanied the Corps of Cadets to Richmond, Virginia where he served as a drillmaster to new\nConfederate recruits. Gatewood subsequently served in the same capacity under General Robert S. Garnett at Laurel Hill, Barbour County, West Virginia. He joined the 11th Virginia Cavalry Regiment in March 1862 and was elected 2nd Lieutenant,\n\"F\" Company (Bath Squadron). He served in this unit until the end of the War.","At the close of the Civil War, Gatewood returned to Bath County. His father had died suddenly in 1861 without leaving a will, and as the oldest son, he took on responsibility for his family's affairs. He married his childhood sweetheart, Mary Skillern Warwick (1845-1922) in 1869 and the couple had seven children: William Beale, Eugene Samuel, Massie Cameron, Andrew Warwick, Mary Preston, Eliza Pleasants, and one child who died in infancy. The couple moved to Big Spring, Pocahontas County, West Virginia in 1877 where Gatewood spent the remainder of his life working as a farmer and stock raiser. He died on July 31, 1919.","The bulk of the Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers consist of 28 letters (dated 1860-1864) written by Gatewood to his parents and other family members. Early letters describe life at VMI and in Lexington, Virginia, just prior to and during early months of the Civil War. Subsequent letters date from Gatewood's service with the 11th Virginia Cavalry Regiment, Company F (Bath Squadron), including a letter (dated September 1862) written after the Second Battle of Manassas (2nd Bull Run). ","The papers also include a \"History of the Bath Squadron,\" consisting of a manuscript fragment, copies of a series of published newspaper articles concerning the unit, and an edited transcription, publications concerning Confederate veteran reunions, and Gatewood's VMI cadet account book.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards initiation of new cadets, early reference to term \"rat\" as a name for a new cadet, complaints of homesickness, and comments on living in camp.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes daily routine of cadets, life in camp, and difficulty of studies.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes dismantling summer camp and moving into barracks.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses family matters, including court summons.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses examinations, Christmas at VMI, and the secession of South Carolina.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter mentions examinations and the secession of South Carolina.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter informs his parents that he did well on his examinations and gives his class standing. The letter also mentions the secession of Florida and other states.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses the family's runaway slave, Jesse, and mentions willingness of cadets to fight to \"save Virginia.\"","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses general news, including an invitation to a party, his studies, and a request for money.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses squad drill, general news, and speculates about Virginia secession and the War.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses the need for new summer pants and the high price of cloth.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses general news, living in barracks, and anxiety about the return to summer camp in July.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes the \"flag raising incident,\" a confrontation between Lexington secessionists (including cadets), and pro-Union citizens.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes excitement among VMI cadets as Virginia decides to secede, suspension of academic duty, and cadet preparation for war.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter informs his parents that the Corps of Cadets will be ordered to Richmond, Virginia probably to drill recruits.","Written from Richmond, Virginia. Letter describes the cadets' journey from Lexington, Virginia to Richmond and more news of drilling new recruits.","Written from Richmond, Virginia. Letter informs his parents that he is drilling a company of new recruits and hopes for a commission.","Written from Ashland, Virginia. Letter discusses a transfer to the Ashland Camp of Instruction to drill army recruits.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Andrew C. L. Gatewood has returned to VMI to drill new cadets and University of Virginia students who are at VMI to receive training. Letter includes a complaint that he is not paid for his services and is still expected to pay room and board and the hopes to get a furlough.","Written from Mountain Grove, Virginia. Letter discusses preparations to serve as drillmaster with the 81st regiment.","Written from Manassas, Virginia. Letter describes the Second Battle of Manassas.","Written from Edinburg, Virginia. Letter discusses potential to be sent to Harrisonburg, Virginia and mentions victory at Vicksburg, Virginia.","Written from the 11th Regiment camp. Letter regards general news.","Written from Falling Springs Church, Rockbridge County, Virginia. Letter regards regiment encampment.","Letter written from the 11th Regiment camp. Letter regards the regiment's presention of the VMI Corps of Cadets with a captured flag and a review of troops by General Smith.","Written from Waynesboro, Virginia. Letter regards camp at Waynesboro and expected orders to march and battle.","Written from Waynesboro, Virginia. Letter regards that the brigade is ordered to eastern Virginia.","Written from the 11th Regiment camp. Letter regards general news from camp.","Account book contains entries for cadet expenses from July 31, 1860 to May 22, 1861.","Partial \"History of the Bath Squadron or Recollections of Thirty Years Ago\" manuscript in Andrew C. L. Gatewood's hand.","\"History of the Bath Squadron\" typescript with annotations by C.L. Gatewood's grandson, John M. Dunlap, Jr. Included is a 5.25 inch floppy disk that contains a digital version of the typescript.","Written by Dr. Hunter McGuire, Chairman. Report read by the committee chairman in Richmond, Virginia on June 5, 1899.","Written by J. Coleman Alderson. Pamphlet contains \"speeches, engravings of the speakers, and General Officers of this Division, with other prominent West Virginia Confederates.\"","Document was printed for the \"27th Reunion...United Confederate Veterans 22nd Annual Reunion...Sons of Veterans\" held in Washington, D.C. from June 4 to 8, 1917.","Proceedings of the 27th Annual Reunion of the Confederate Veterans, the 18th Annual Convention of the Confederated Southern Memorial Association, and the 22nd Annual Reunion of the Sons of Confederate Veterans held in Washington D.C. from June 4 to 7, 1917.","Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.","Manuscripts stacks","Virginia Military Institute Archives","United Confederate Veterans","Gatewood, Andrew C. L. (Andrew Cameron Lewis), 1843-1919","Dunlap, John M., Jr. (John McKee), 1917-?","Smith, Francis H. (Francis Henney), 1812-1890","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.0068","/repositories/3/resources/582"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers"],"collection_ssim":["Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Gatewood, Andrew C. L. (Andrew Cameron Lewis), 1843-1919","Dunlap, John M., Jr. (John McKee), 1917-?"],"creator_ssim":["Gatewood, Andrew C. L. (Andrew Cameron Lewis), 1843-1919","Dunlap, John M., Jr. (John McKee), 1917-?"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Gatewood, Andrew C. L. (Andrew Cameron Lewis), 1843-1919","Dunlap, John M., Jr. (John McKee), 1917-?"],"creators_ssim":["Gatewood, Andrew C. L. (Andrew Cameron Lewis), 1843-1919","Dunlap, John M., Jr. (John McKee), 1917-?"],"access_terms_ssm":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1860-1869","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Cavalry Regiment, 11th","Bull Run, 2nd Battle of, Va., 1862","Soldiers—Virginia—Correspondence","Lexington (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia Military Institute—Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1864","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","Correspondence","Account Books","Manuscripts","Clippings"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Virginia Military Institute—Cadet life—1860-1869","Confederate States of America. Army—Virginia Cavalry Regiment, 11th","Bull Run, 2nd Battle of, Va., 1862","Soldiers—Virginia—Correspondence","Lexington (Va.)—History—Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia Military Institute—Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia Military Institute—Class of 1864","United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Personal narratives—Confederate","Correspondence","Account Books","Manuscripts","Clippings"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["35 items"],"extent_tesim":["35 items"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Account Books","Manuscripts","Clippings"],"date_range_isim":[1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA bulk of the Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers are avaliable \n\u003ca href=\"http://digitalcollections.vmi.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p15821coll11/id/1918\"\u003eonline\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA photograph of Gatewood is also avaliable \u003ca href=\"http://cdm15821.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15821coll7/id/3240\"\u003eonline\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Online Access"],"altformavail_tesim":["A bulk of the Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers are avaliable \n online .","A photograph of Gatewood is also avaliable  online ."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAndrew Cameron Lewis Gatewood was born at Mountain Grove, Bath County, Virginia, on June 30, 1843 to Samuel Vance Gatewood (1810-1861) and Eugenia Sophia Massie (1819-1884). He entered the VMI in July 1860, where he served as a cadet until the outbreak of the Civil War in April 1861. On April 16, 1861, he accompanied the Corps of Cadets to Richmond, Virginia where he served as a drillmaster to new\nConfederate recruits. Gatewood subsequently served in the same capacity under General Robert S. Garnett at Laurel Hill, Barbour County, West Virginia. He joined the 11th Virginia Cavalry Regiment in March 1862 and was elected 2nd Lieutenant,\n\"F\" Company (Bath Squadron). He served in this unit until the end of the War.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAt the close of the Civil War, Gatewood returned to Bath County. His father had died suddenly in 1861 without leaving a will, and as the oldest son, he took on responsibility for his family's affairs. He married his childhood sweetheart, Mary Skillern Warwick (1845-1922) in 1869 and the couple had seven children: William Beale, Eugene Samuel, Massie Cameron, Andrew Warwick, Mary Preston, Eliza Pleasants, and one child who died in infancy. The couple moved to Big Spring, Pocahontas County, West Virginia in 1877 where Gatewood spent the remainder of his life working as a farmer and stock raiser. He died on July 31, 1919.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Andrew Cameron Lewis Gatewood was born at Mountain Grove, Bath County, Virginia, on June 30, 1843 to Samuel Vance Gatewood (1810-1861) and Eugenia Sophia Massie (1819-1884). He entered the VMI in July 1860, where he served as a cadet until the outbreak of the Civil War in April 1861. On April 16, 1861, he accompanied the Corps of Cadets to Richmond, Virginia where he served as a drillmaster to new\nConfederate recruits. Gatewood subsequently served in the same capacity under General Robert S. Garnett at Laurel Hill, Barbour County, West Virginia. He joined the 11th Virginia Cavalry Regiment in March 1862 and was elected 2nd Lieutenant,\n\"F\" Company (Bath Squadron). He served in this unit until the end of the War.","At the close of the Civil War, Gatewood returned to Bath County. His father had died suddenly in 1861 without leaving a will, and as the oldest son, he took on responsibility for his family's affairs. He married his childhood sweetheart, Mary Skillern Warwick (1845-1922) in 1869 and the couple had seven children: William Beale, Eugene Samuel, Massie Cameron, Andrew Warwick, Mary Preston, Eliza Pleasants, and one child who died in infancy. The couple moved to Big Spring, Pocahontas County, West Virginia in 1877 where Gatewood spent the remainder of his life working as a farmer and stock raiser. He died on July 31, 1919."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAndrew C. L. Gatewood papers, 1860-1993. MS 0068. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers, 1860-1993. MS 0068. VMI Archives, Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers consist of 28 letters (dated 1860-1864) written by Gatewood to his parents and other family members. Early letters describe life at VMI and in Lexington, Virginia, just prior to and during early months of the Civil War. Subsequent letters date from Gatewood's service with the 11th Virginia Cavalry Regiment, Company F (Bath Squadron), including a letter (dated September 1862) written after the Second Battle of Manassas (2nd Bull Run). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe papers also include a \"History of the Bath Squadron,\" consisting of a manuscript fragment, copies of a series of published newspaper articles concerning the unit, and an edited transcription, publications concerning Confederate veteran reunions, and Gatewood's VMI cadet account book.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards initiation of new cadets, early reference to term \"rat\" as a name for a new cadet, complaints of homesickness, and comments on living in camp.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes daily routine of cadets, life in camp, and difficulty of studies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes dismantling summer camp and moving into barracks.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses family matters, including court summons.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses examinations, Christmas at VMI, and the secession of South Carolina.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter mentions examinations and the secession of South Carolina.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter informs his parents that he did well on his examinations and gives his class standing. The letter also mentions the secession of Florida and other states.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses the family's runaway slave, Jesse, and mentions willingness of cadets to fight to \"save Virginia.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses general news, including an invitation to a party, his studies, and a request for money.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses squad drill, general news, and speculates about Virginia secession and the War.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses the need for new summer pants and the high price of cloth.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses general news, living in barracks, and anxiety about the return to summer camp in July.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes the \"flag raising incident,\" a confrontation between Lexington secessionists (including cadets), and pro-Union citizens.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes excitement among VMI cadets as Virginia decides to secede, suspension of academic duty, and cadet preparation for war.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter informs his parents that the Corps of Cadets will be ordered to Richmond, Virginia probably to drill recruits.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Richmond, Virginia. Letter describes the cadets' journey from Lexington, Virginia to Richmond and more news of drilling new recruits.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Richmond, Virginia. Letter informs his parents that he is drilling a company of new recruits and hopes for a commission.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Ashland, Virginia. Letter discusses a transfer to the Ashland Camp of Instruction to drill army recruits.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Andrew C. L. Gatewood has returned to VMI to drill new cadets and University of Virginia students who are at VMI to receive training. Letter includes a complaint that he is not paid for his services and is still expected to pay room and board and the hopes to get a furlough.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Mountain Grove, Virginia. Letter discusses preparations to serve as drillmaster with the 81st regiment.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Manassas, Virginia. Letter describes the Second Battle of Manassas.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Edinburg, Virginia. Letter discusses potential to be sent to Harrisonburg, Virginia and mentions victory at Vicksburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from the 11th Regiment camp. Letter regards general news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Falling Springs Church, Rockbridge County, Virginia. Letter regards regiment encampment.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter written from the 11th Regiment camp. Letter regards the regiment's presention of the VMI Corps of Cadets with a captured flag and a review of troops by General Smith.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Waynesboro, Virginia. Letter regards camp at Waynesboro and expected orders to march and battle.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from Waynesboro, Virginia. Letter regards that the brigade is ordered to eastern Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten from the 11th Regiment camp. Letter regards general news from camp.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccount book contains entries for cadet expenses from July 31, 1860 to May 22, 1861.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePartial \"History of the Bath Squadron or Recollections of Thirty Years Ago\" manuscript in Andrew C. L. Gatewood's hand.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"History of the Bath Squadron\" typescript with annotations by C.L. Gatewood's grandson, John M. Dunlap, Jr. Included is a 5.25 inch floppy disk that contains a digital version of the typescript.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten by Dr. Hunter McGuire, Chairman. Report read by the committee chairman in Richmond, Virginia on June 5, 1899.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWritten by J. Coleman Alderson. Pamphlet contains \"speeches, engravings of the speakers, and General Officers of this Division, with other prominent West Virginia Confederates.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocument was printed for the \"27th Reunion...United Confederate Veterans 22nd Annual Reunion...Sons of Veterans\" held in Washington, D.C. from June 4 to 8, 1917.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProceedings of the 27th Annual Reunion of the Confederate Veterans, the 18th Annual Convention of the Confederated Southern Memorial Association, and the 22nd Annual Reunion of the Sons of Confederate Veterans held in Washington D.C. from June 4 to 7, 1917.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The bulk of the Andrew C. L. Gatewood papers consist of 28 letters (dated 1860-1864) written by Gatewood to his parents and other family members. Early letters describe life at VMI and in Lexington, Virginia, just prior to and during early months of the Civil War. Subsequent letters date from Gatewood's service with the 11th Virginia Cavalry Regiment, Company F (Bath Squadron), including a letter (dated September 1862) written after the Second Battle of Manassas (2nd Bull Run). ","The papers also include a \"History of the Bath Squadron,\" consisting of a manuscript fragment, copies of a series of published newspaper articles concerning the unit, and an edited transcription, publications concerning Confederate veteran reunions, and Gatewood's VMI cadet account book.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter regards initiation of new cadets, early reference to term \"rat\" as a name for a new cadet, complaints of homesickness, and comments on living in camp.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes daily routine of cadets, life in camp, and difficulty of studies.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes dismantling summer camp and moving into barracks.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses family matters, including court summons.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses examinations, Christmas at VMI, and the secession of South Carolina.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter mentions examinations and the secession of South Carolina.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter informs his parents that he did well on his examinations and gives his class standing. The letter also mentions the secession of Florida and other states.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses the family's runaway slave, Jesse, and mentions willingness of cadets to fight to \"save Virginia.\"","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses general news, including an invitation to a party, his studies, and a request for money.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses squad drill, general news, and speculates about Virginia secession and the War.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses the need for new summer pants and the high price of cloth.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter discusses general news, living in barracks, and anxiety about the return to summer camp in July.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes the \"flag raising incident,\" a confrontation between Lexington secessionists (including cadets), and pro-Union citizens.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter describes excitement among VMI cadets as Virginia decides to secede, suspension of academic duty, and cadet preparation for war.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Letter informs his parents that the Corps of Cadets will be ordered to Richmond, Virginia probably to drill recruits.","Written from Richmond, Virginia. Letter describes the cadets' journey from Lexington, Virginia to Richmond and more news of drilling new recruits.","Written from Richmond, Virginia. Letter informs his parents that he is drilling a company of new recruits and hopes for a commission.","Written from Ashland, Virginia. Letter discusses a transfer to the Ashland Camp of Instruction to drill army recruits.","Written from VMI, Lexington, Virginia. Andrew C. L. Gatewood has returned to VMI to drill new cadets and University of Virginia students who are at VMI to receive training. Letter includes a complaint that he is not paid for his services and is still expected to pay room and board and the hopes to get a furlough.","Written from Mountain Grove, Virginia. Letter discusses preparations to serve as drillmaster with the 81st regiment.","Written from Manassas, Virginia. Letter describes the Second Battle of Manassas.","Written from Edinburg, Virginia. Letter discusses potential to be sent to Harrisonburg, Virginia and mentions victory at Vicksburg, Virginia.","Written from the 11th Regiment camp. Letter regards general news.","Written from Falling Springs Church, Rockbridge County, Virginia. Letter regards regiment encampment.","Letter written from the 11th Regiment camp. Letter regards the regiment's presention of the VMI Corps of Cadets with a captured flag and a review of troops by General Smith.","Written from Waynesboro, Virginia. Letter regards camp at Waynesboro and expected orders to march and battle.","Written from Waynesboro, Virginia. Letter regards that the brigade is ordered to eastern Virginia.","Written from the 11th Regiment camp. Letter regards general news from camp.","Account book contains entries for cadet expenses from July 31, 1860 to May 22, 1861.","Partial \"History of the Bath Squadron or Recollections of Thirty Years Ago\" manuscript in Andrew C. L. Gatewood's hand.","\"History of the Bath Squadron\" typescript with annotations by C.L. Gatewood's grandson, John M. Dunlap, Jr. Included is a 5.25 inch floppy disk that contains a digital version of the typescript.","Written by Dr. Hunter McGuire, Chairman. Report read by the committee chairman in Richmond, Virginia on June 5, 1899.","Written by J. Coleman Alderson. Pamphlet contains \"speeches, engravings of the speakers, and General Officers of this Division, with other prominent West Virginia Confederates.\"","Document was printed for the \"27th Reunion...United Confederate Veterans 22nd Annual Reunion...Sons of Veterans\" held in Washington, D.C. from June 4 to 8, 1917.","Proceedings of the 27th Annual Reunion of the Confederate Veterans, the 18th Annual Convention of the Confederated Southern Memorial Association, and the 22nd Annual Reunion of the Sons of Confederate Veterans held in Washington D.C. from June 4 to 7, 1917."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Manuscript collections in the VMI Archives are made available for educational and research use. The VMI Archives should be cited as the source. The user assumes all responsibility for identifying and satisfying any copyright holders. Materials from our collections may not be redistributed, published or reproduced without permission from the VMI Archives. Contact the VMI Archives for additional information."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_f3d0ffdf4864efbcf325abc5200c0bf2\"\u003eManuscripts stacks\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Manuscripts stacks"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Military Institute Archives","United Confederate Veterans","Gatewood, Andrew C. L. (Andrew Cameron Lewis), 1843-1919","Dunlap, John M., Jr. (John McKee), 1917-?","Smith, Francis H. 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